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data/03/90/87/039087D1C252FF94168AFED4FC3D64CF.xml → data/03/90/87/039087D1C252FF94168AFED4FC5466EF.xml
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@ -1,47 +1,47 @@
<document id="4B9DE2274A389F80065D5E3C81733469" ID-DOI="10.4314/met.v34i1.6" ID-ISSN="2307-5031" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14119408" ID-ZooBank="0F510750-563D-4E6D-BE9F-F901EE02A422" checkinTime="1731462156187" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bouyer, Thierry" docDate="2023" docId="039087D1C252FF94168AFED4FC3D64CF" docLanguage="en" docName="Metamorphosis.34.59-78.pdf" docOrigin="Metamorphosis 34 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v34i1.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:73CBAE06DE6A380ACC54A94377F5FCBA.1:Metamorphosis.2021-.journal_article" docStyleId="73CBAE06DE6A380ACC54A94377F5FCBA" docStyleName="Metamorphosis.2021-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Setechin Bouyer 2023, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="88B3DA93-55C1-4400-9700-8E1EFA342F01" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FFA9FFA9C25AFF9C160EFF85FF846037" masterDocTitle="The genera of the tribe Charaxini (Papilionoidea, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae)" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1731462803107" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="239A0215E1D3AC9208292427C86D5E93">The genera of the tribe Charaxini (Papilionoidea, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="CFF2722377CEE21CD29EC094A59AF9A8">The genera of the tribe Charaxini (Papilionoidea, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C323654CC252FF94168AFED4FD6C61B5" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
<treatment id="039087D1C252FF94168AFED4FC5466EF" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:88B3DA93-55C1-4400-9700-8E1EFA342F01" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087D1C252FF94168AFED4FC5466EF" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<subSubSection id="C323654CC252FF94168AFED4FE1A615E" box="[132,414,337,361]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF94168AFED4FE1A615E" blockId="8.[132,744,337,386]" box="[132,414,337,361]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<heading id="D0CE81ABC252FF94168AFED4FE1A615E" box="[132,414,337,361]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF94168AFED4FE1A615E" bold="true" box="[132,414,337,361]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ Genus
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC252FF94168AFEEBFD6C61B5" box="[132,744,366,386]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF94168AFEEBFD6C61B5" blockId="8.[132,744,337,386]" box="[132,744,366,386]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<uri id="FFA83AC5C252FF94168AFEEBFD6C61B5" box="[132,744,366,386]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
@ -60,16 +62,17 @@ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC252FF9416CEFE24FC3D64CF" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF9416CEFE24FD70618F" blockId="8.[132,756,416,471]" box="[192,756,416,441]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<subSubSection id="C323654CC252FF9416CEFE24FE8A61E0" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF9416CEFE24FE8A61E0" blockId="8.[132,756,416,471]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<typeStatus id="54828865C252FF9416CEFE24FF73618E" box="[192,247,417,441]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Type</typeStatus>
species of the genus:
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C252FF9417EFFE25FD20618F" authorityName="Grose-Smith" authorityYear="1883" box="[481,676,416,440]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nichetes">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF9417EFFE25FD20618F" box="[481,676,416,440]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Charaxes nichetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Grose-
GroseSmith, 1883.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF94168AFE3AFE8A61E0" blockId="8.[132,756,416,471]" box="[132,270,447,471]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Smith, 1883.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC252FF94168AFE79FD666204" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF94168AFE79FD666204" blockId="8.[132,755,508,563]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
Corresponds to the
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C252FF94175AFE79FE2F6223" authorityName="Grose-Smith" authorityYear="1883" box="[340,427,508,532]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nichetes">
@ -85,6 +88,8 @@ Aduse-Poku
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC252FF94168AFDD6FC2560FA" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF94168AFDD6FE4D62BE" blockId="8.[132,756,594,649]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF94168AFDD6FEC0625D" box="[132,324,595,618]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Derivatio nominis</emphasis>
.
@ -99,17 +104,6 @@ is the anagram of
<typeStatus id="54828865C252FF94168AFDF4FF3662BE" box="[132,178,625,649]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
species of the new genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531FF12FA2B6098" blockId="8.[831,1455,155,205]" box="[831,1455,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">pointed when being short, and spatulate when being</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531FF30FC2560FA" blockId="8.[831,1455,155,205]" box="[831,929,181,205]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">elongate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531FF69FB566175" blockId="8.[831,1454,236,323]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
Shape of the forewing elongated with the outer edge very sinuate and the apex clearly rounded (reminiscent of certain species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C252FF941262FEAFFB466175" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" box="[1132,1218,298,322]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF941262FEAFFB466175" box="[1132,1218,298,322]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Laodice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531FEE4FA0F62BA" blockId="8.[831,1456,353,653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">The brown or black markings on the upperside are composed of a cellular spot (sometimes discreet), a marked discocellular stroke, a discal series of more or less Sshaped interveinal spots, a postdiscal band (or submarginal) chevrons and a separate or contiguous marginal band at the edge of the wing of more or less conspicuous spots. The hindwing patterns are essentially composed of a discal band and a series of submarginal interveinal circles. The markings are more or less scattered, sometimes merged (depending on climatic conditions).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531FD29FA836335" blockId="8.[831,1456,684,770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">The underside is shiny with markings in fine reddishbrown lines. The two wings are crossed by a postdiscal dark band slightly straight and continuous.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF46664FC252FF94168AFC7AFE78647B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119450" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14119450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14119450/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" startId="8.[132,200,1023,1044]" targetBox="[132,764,684,969]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF94168AFC7AFE78647B" blockId="8.[132,737,1023,1100]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF94168AFC7AFDE56423" bold="true" box="[132,609,1023,1044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
@ -153,11 +147,23 @@ female upperside (Gabon,
coll. G. Faravel). FW length 42 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF94168AF856FBFE63C6" blockId="8.[132,755,2003,2088]" lastBlockId="8.[831,1455,801,1009]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF94168AF856FC2560FA" blockId="8.[132,755,2003,2088]" lastBlockId="8.[831,1455,155,205]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
A basically orange
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C252FF94175CF856FE3F67DC" box="[338,443,2003,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Charaxini">Charaxini</taxonomicName>
with black or brown patterns on the upperside and underside. Hindwings not caudate except for some females with a tail at M3. This tail is The individual variation is strongly subject to climatic or seasonal conditions with the dark pattern on the upperside more extensive as the conditions get more humid. Females are caudate or not, sometimes even within a same population. These are dichromatic black and orange, sometimes trichromatic with the postdiscal orange part lighter, sometimes yellowish.
with black or brown patterns on the upperside and underside. Hindwings not caudate except for some females with a tail at M3. This tail is pointed when being short, and spatulate when being elongate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC252FF941531FF69FCFC6495" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531FF69FB566175" blockId="8.[831,1454,236,323]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
Shape of the forewing elongated with the outer edge very sinuate and the apex clearly rounded (reminiscent of certain species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C252FF941262FEAFFB466175" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" box="[1132,1218,298,322]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF941262FEAFFB466175" box="[1132,1218,298,322]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Laodice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531FEE4FA0F62BA" blockId="8.[831,1456,353,653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">The brown or black markings on the upperside are composed of a cellular spot (sometimes discreet), a marked discocellular stroke, a discal series of more or less Sshaped interveinal spots, a postdiscal band (or submarginal) chevrons and a separate or contiguous marginal band at the edge of the wing of more or less conspicuous spots. The hindwing patterns are essentially composed of a discal band and a series of submarginal interveinal circles. The markings are more or less scattered, sometimes merged (depending on climatic conditions).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531FD29FA836335" blockId="8.[831,1456,684,770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">The underside is shiny with markings in fine reddishbrown lines. The two wings are crossed by a postdiscal dark band slightly straight and continuous.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531FCA4FBFE63C6" blockId="8.[831,1455,801,1009]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">The individual variation is strongly subject to climatic or seasonal conditions with the dark pattern on the upperside more extensive as the conditions get more humid. Females are caudate or not, sometimes even within a same population. These are dichromatic black and orange, sometimes trichromatic with the postdiscal orange part lighter, sometimes yellowish.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531FB95FCFC6495" blockId="8.[831,1456,1040,1187]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
Early stages. The genus is linked to
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C252FF9412E7FB94FAB9641F" box="[1257,1341,1041,1064]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Uapaca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
@ -178,7 +184,87 @@ Description of early stages and illustration of final instar larva
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C252FF9412C8FBE9FCF56494" author="HENNING, S. F." pageId="8" pageNumber="67" refId="ref8385" refString="HENNING, S. F. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Aloe Books, Johannesburg. 457 p." type="book" year="1989">Henning (1989: 382- 383)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC252FF941531FB47FC5466EF" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531FB47FC3D64CF" blockId="8.[831,1455,1218,1272]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">The genus contains a single species which is divided into 6 subspecies.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531FA9DFADA6507" blockId="8.[831,1456,1304,1752]" box="[831,1374,1304,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<heading id="D0CE81ABC252FF941531FA9DFADA6507" box="[831,1374,1304,1328]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C252FF941531FA9DFB586507" authority="(Grose-Smith, 1883)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Grose-Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[831,1244,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Setechin" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nichetes" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF941531FA9DFC7C6507" box="[831,1016,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Setechin nichetes</emphasis>
(Grose-Smith, 1883)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF9412EDFA9DFADA6507" bold="true" box="[1251,1374,1304,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC252FF9412EDFA9DFADA6507" box="[1251,1374,1304,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531FABBFAED6560" blockId="8.[831,1456,1304,1752]" box="[831,1385,1342,1367]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
Syn.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C252FF941579FABBFB626561" authority="(Dewitz, 1884)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Dewitz" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[887,1254,1342,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamatus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF941579FABBFBB96561" box="[887,1085,1342,1366]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Charaxes hamatus</emphasis>
(Dewitz, 1884)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF9412E3FABAFAED6560" bold="true" box="[1261,1385,1343,1367]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC252FF9412E3FABAFAED6560" box="[1261,1385,1343,1367]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531FAE0FA046549" blockId="8.[831,1456,1304,1752]" box="[831,1408,1381,1406]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
Syn.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C252FF941579FAE0FBC8654A" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1886" box="[887,1100,1381,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ogovensis">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF941579FAE0FBC8654A" box="[887,1100,1381,1405]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Charaxes ogovensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="F32E7657C252FF941252FAE0FB31654A" box="[1116,1205,1381,1405]" name="Netherlands" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Holland</collectingCountry>
, 1886)
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF94130AFAE3FA046549" bold="true" box="[1284,1408,1382,1406]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">comb. nov.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531FA09FAFE6593" blockId="8.[831,1456,1304,1752]" box="[831,1402,1420,1444]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C252FF941531FA09FB736593" authority="(Butler, 1895)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[831,1271,1420,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Setechin" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nichetes" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="leoninus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF941531FA09FBDD6593" box="[831,1113,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Setechin nichetes leoninus</emphasis>
(Butler, 1895)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF9412F0FA09FAFE6593" bold="true" box="[1278,1402,1420,1444]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC252FF9412F0FA09FAFE6593" box="[1278,1402,1420,1444]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531FA37FC3865DE" blockId="8.[831,1456,1304,1752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C252FF941531FA37FA3465FD" authority="(Rousseau-Decelle, 1934)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Rousseau-Decelle" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[831,1456,1458,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Setechin" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nichetes" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF941531FA37FB0D65FD" box="[831,1161,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Setechin nichetes pantherinus</emphasis>
(Rousseau-Decelle, 1934)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF941531FA54FC3865DE" bold="true" box="[831,956,1489,1513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC252FF941531FA54FC3865DE" box="[831,956,1489,1513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531FA7DFA346627" blockId="8.[831,1456,1304,1752]" box="[831,1456,1528,1552]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C252FF941531FA7DFAB46627" authority="(Plantrou, 1974)" baseAuthorityName="Plantrou" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[831,1328,1528,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Setechin" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nichetes" subSpecies="leopardinus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF941531FA7DFBF86627" box="[831,1148,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Setechin nichetes leopardinus</emphasis>
(Plantrou, 1974)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF94133BFA7DFA346627" bold="true" box="[1333,1456,1528,1552]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">comb. nov.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531F99BFA056661" blockId="8.[831,1456,1304,1752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C252FF941531F99BFA8D6600" authority="(Plantrou, 1974)" baseAuthorityName="Plantrou" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[831,1289,1566,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Setechin" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nichetes" subSpecies="bouchei">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF941531F99BFBD76601" box="[831,1107,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Setechin nichetes bouchei</emphasis>
(Plantrou, 1974)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF94131EF99AFA0F6600" bold="true" box="[1296,1419,1567,1591]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">comb. nov.</emphasis>
Form
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF9415EEF9BBFBCD6662" box="[992,1097,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">veronicae</emphasis>
(Plantrou, 1974)
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF941308F9BBFA056661" bold="true" box="[1286,1409,1598,1622]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">comb. nov.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF941531F9E1FC5466EF" blockId="8.[831,1456,1304,1752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C252FF941531F9E1FAE5664B" authority="(Turlin &amp; Lequeux, 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Turlin &amp; Lequeux" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[831,1377,1636,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Setechin" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nichetes" subSpecies="ssese">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF941531F9E1FBBE664B" box="[831,1082,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Setechin nichetes ssese</emphasis>
(Turlin &amp; Lequeux, 2002)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF941365F9E1FCF466AC" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">comb. nov.</emphasis>
Form
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF9415EAF924FBB1668E" box="[996,1077,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">bugalla</emphasis>
(Turlin &amp; Lequeux, 2002)
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF941365F924FC5466EF" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">comb. nov.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

270
data/03/90/87/039087D1C259FF98168AF8B9FDAA60FA.xml
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@ -1,270 +0,0 @@
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<mods:title id="5ABC5D7F4B12392B42EC98B1EEA6EE0F">The genera of the tribe Charaxini (Papilionoidea, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<treatment id="039087D1C259FF98168AF8B9FDAA60FA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14121585" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14121585" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F08F210-824C-4394-866F-CCC97401C79F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087D1C259FF98168AF8B9FDAA60FA" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<subSubSection id="C323654CC259FF9F168AF8B9FE136763" box="[132,407,1852,1876]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F168AF8B9FE136763" blockId="3.[132,702,1852,1938]" box="[132,407,1852,1876]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="D0CE81ABC259FF9F168AF8B9FE136763" box="[132,407,1852,1876]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F168AF8B9FE136763" bold="true" box="[132,407,1852,1876]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F16DDF8B9FEAE6763" ID-CoL="BDX74" authority="Bouyer, 2023" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" box="[211,298,1852,1876]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F16DDF8B9FEAE6763" bold="true" box="[211,298,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Laodice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC259FF9F173CF8B9FE136763" box="[306,407,1852,1876]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC259FF9F16CEF8DEFE6E67A6" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F16CEF8DEFE6E67A6" blockId="3.[132,702,1852,1938]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<typeStatus id="54828865C259FF9F16CEF8DEFF736744" box="[192,247,1883,1907]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F1757F8DEFD3E6744" authority="Fabricius, 1793" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[345,698,1883,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1757F8DEFD8D6744" box="[345,521,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Papilio lycurgus</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1793
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F168AF8FCFF6467A6" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[132,224,1913,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F168AF8FCFF6467A6" box="[132,224,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group,
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F173BF8FFFE3467A5" bold="true" box="[309,432,1914,1938]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">comb. nov.</emphasis>
, Afr.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC259FF98168AF835FDAA60FA" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="multiple">
<subSubSection id="C323654CC259FF9F168AF835FDAA67D0" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F168AF835FDAA67D0" blockId="3.[132,755,1968,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
Description and systematic list of valid species and subspecies, see below and
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F17ACF855FE3367D0" box="[418,439,2000,2023]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">in</emphasis>
Appendix.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC259FF9F1531FDAFFB086275" box="[831,1164,554,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F1531FDAFFB086275" blockId="3.[831,1443,554,763]" box="[831,1164,554,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="D0CE81ABC259FF9F1531FDAFFB086275" box="[831,1164,554,578]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1531FDAFFB086275" bold="true" box="[831,1164,554,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F1581FDAFFB086275" ID-CoL="92KFV" authority="Billberg, 1820" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[911,1164,554,578]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Polyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1581FDAFFC626275" bold="true" box="[911,998,554,578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Polyura</emphasis>
Billberg, 1820
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC259FF9F1572FDCCFAEB6257" box="[892,1391,585,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F1572FDCCFAEB6257" blockId="3.[831,1443,554,763]" box="[892,1391,585,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<typeStatus id="54828865C259FF9F1572FDCCFC376256" box="[892,947,585,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F121AFDCCFAE36256" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1044,1383,585,609]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrrhus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F121AFDCCFB396256" box="[1044,1213,585,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Papilio pyrrhus</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC259FF9F1531FDE2FAD062CD" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F1531FDE2FA0562A9" blockId="3.[831,1443,554,763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
Syn.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F1579FDE2FB006248" authority="Moore, 1896" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1896" box="[887,1156,615,639]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Murwareda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1579FDE2FC716248" box="[887,1013,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Murwareda</emphasis>
Moore, 1896
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54828865C259FF9F1572FD02FC3762A8" box="[892,947,647,671]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F121AFD03FAF962A9" authority="Westwood, 1847" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1847" box="[1044,1405,646,670]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolon">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F121AFD03FB3A62A9" box="[1044,1214,646,670]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Charaxes dolon</emphasis>
Westwood, 1847
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F1531FD20FA27628A" blockId="3.[831,1443,554,763]" box="[831,1443,677,701]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
Syn.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F1579FD20FBE3628A" authority="Scudder, 1875" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1875" box="[887,1127,677,701]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eulepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1579FD20FC43628A" box="[887,967,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Eulepis</emphasis>
Scudder, 1875
</taxonomicName>
(nec
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F12ACFD20FA11628A" authority="Billberg, 1820" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[1186,1429,677,701]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eulepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F12ACFD20FB76628A" box="[1186,1266,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Eulepis</emphasis>
Billberg, 1820
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F1531FD46FAD062CD" blockId="3.[831,1443,554,763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
Syn.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F1579FD46FB0F62EC" authority="Roepke, 1938" authorityName="Roepke" authorityYear="1938" box="[887,1163,707,731]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pareriboea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1579FD46FC7462EC" box="[887,1008,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Pareriboea</emphasis>
Roepke, 1938
</taxonomicName>
(nom. nud.).
<typeStatus id="54828865C259FF9F1572FD66FC3762CC" box="[892,947,739,763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F121AFD67FAD462CD" authority="Drury, 1773" authorityName="Drury" authorityYear="1773" box="[1044,1360,738,763]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="athamas">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F121AFD67FB4062CD" box="[1044,1220,738,762]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Papilio athamas</emphasis>
Drury, 1773
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC259FF9F1531FC9CFAA863FB" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F1531FC9CFA346306" blockId="3.[831,1456,793,973]" box="[831,1456,793,818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F1531FC9CFC1E6306" authorityName="Drury" authorityYear="1773" box="[831,922,793,817]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="athamas">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1531FC9CFC1E6306" box="[831,922,793,817]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">athamas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (
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Toussaint
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1251FC9FFB116306" box="[1119,1173,793,817]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
, 2016a
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;
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), Or.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F1531FCC5FB52636F" blockId="3.[831,1456,793,973]" box="[831,1238,832,857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F1531FCC5FC44636F" ID-CoL="4LPSG" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1843" box="[831,960,832,856]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Polyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eudamippus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1531FCC5FC44636F" box="[831,960,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">eudamippus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C259FF9F1218FCC5FB24636F" author="TURLIN, B." box="[1046,1184,832,856]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" refId="ref9915" refString="TURLIN, B. 2017. Nymphalidae XXVI: Polyura. Parts 46 / A &amp; 46 / B In: Bauer E. &amp; Frankenbach T. eds. Butterflies of the World. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern. 16 p. 44 pls." type="book" year="2017">Turlin, 2017</bibRefCitation>
), Or.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F1531FCE2FB2C6348" blockId="3.[831,1456,793,973]" box="[831,1192,871,895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F1531FCE2FC166348" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[831,914,871,895]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrrhus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1531FCE2FC166348" box="[831,914,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">pyrrhus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C259FF9F15E6FCE2FBF66348" author="TURLIN, B." box="[1000,1138,871,895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" refId="ref9915" refString="TURLIN, B. 2017. Nymphalidae XXVI: Polyura. Parts 46 / A &amp; 46 / B In: Bauer E. &amp; Frankenbach T. eds. Butterflies of the World. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern. 16 p. 44 pls." type="book" year="2017">Turlin, 2017</bibRefCitation>
), Or.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F1531FC08FADD6392" blockId="3.[831,1456,793,973]" box="[831,1369,909,934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F1531FC08FC0A6392" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Godart" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[831,910,909,933]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Polyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pleione">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1531FC08FC0A6392" box="[831,910,909,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">pleione</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C259FF9F15EDFC08FB076392" author="HENNING, S. F." box="[995,1155,909,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" refId="ref8385" refString="HENNING, S. F. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Aloe Books, Johannesburg. 457 p." type="book" year="1989">Henning, 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C259FF9F129FFC08FA9E6392" author="TURLIN, B." box="[1169,1306,909,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" refId="ref9738" refString="TURLIN, B. 2009. Nymphalidae XVII: Charaxes IV. Part 32 In: Bauer E. - Frankenbach T. eds. Butterflies of the World. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern. 8 p. 32 pls." type="book" year="2009">Turlin, 2009</bibRefCitation>
), Afr.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F1531FC31FAA863FB" blockId="3.[831,1456,793,973]" box="[831,1324,948,973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F1531FC31FC0963FB" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[831,909,948,972]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Polyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zoolina">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1531FC31FC0963FB" box="[831,909,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">zoolina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C259FF9F15EDFC31FB6963FB" author="VINGERHOEDT, E. &amp; BASQUIN, P. &amp; ZAKHAROV, E. &amp; ROUGERIE, R." box="[995,1261,948,972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" pagination="12 - 21" refId="ref10013" refString="VINGERHOEDT, E., BASQUIN, P., ZAKHAROV, E. &amp; ROUGERIE, R. 2009. Revision du statut taxonomique des membres du groupe de Charaxes zoolina (Westwood, 1850): approche morphologique et genetique (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 14 (2): 12 - 21." type="journal article" year="2009">
Vingerhoedt
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F127FFC30FB2363FB" box="[1137,1191,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
), Afr.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC259FF9F1531FA13FC3465FA" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F1531FA13FC3465FA" blockId="3.[831,1456,1430,1485]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
Systematic list of valid species and subspecies
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1395FA12FA346599" box="[1435,1456,1431,1454]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">in</emphasis>
Appendix.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F1531FA68FBDE6632" blockId="3.[831,1456,1517,1640]" box="[831,1114,1517,1541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="D0CE81ABC259FF9F1531FA68FBDE6632" box="[831,1114,1517,1541]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1531FA68FBDE6632" bold="true" box="[831,1114,1517,1541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F1581FA68FC6A6632" authority="Bouyer, 2023" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" box="[911,1006,1517,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Setechin" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1581FA68FC6A6632" bold="true" box="[911,1006,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Setechin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC259FF9F15FAFA68FBDE6632" box="[1012,1114,1517,1541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F1575F989FA346614" blockId="3.[831,1456,1517,1640]" box="[891,1456,1547,1572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<typeStatus id="54828865C259FF9F1575F989FC366613" box="[891,946,1548,1572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F121DF98EFA286614" authority="Grose-Smith, 1883" authorityName="Grose-Smith" authorityYear="1883" box="[1043,1452,1547,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nichetes">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F121DF98EFB536614" box="[1043,1239,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Charaxes nichetes</emphasis>
Grose-Smith, 1883
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F1531F9B7FCE8665F" blockId="3.[831,1456,1517,1640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F1531F9B7FC12667D" ID-CoL="TN7J" authorityName="Grose-Smith" authorityYear="1883" box="[831,918,1586,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nichetes">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1531F9B7FC12667D" box="[831,918,1586,1610]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">nichetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F15EBF9B7FBE4667D" bold="true" box="[997,1120,1586,1610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">comb. nov.</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C259FF9F1260F9B7FA89667D" author="HENNING, S. F." box="[1134,1293,1586,1610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" refId="ref8385" refString="HENNING, S. F. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Aloe Books, Johannesburg. 457 p." type="book" year="1989">Henning, 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C259FF9F1315F9B7FA20667D" author="TURLIN, B." box="[1307,1444,1586,1610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" refId="ref9738" refString="TURLIN, B. 2009. Nymphalidae XVII: Charaxes IV. Part 32 In: Bauer E. - Frankenbach T. eds. Butterflies of the World. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern. 8 p. 32 pls." type="book" year="2009">Turlin, 2009</bibRefCitation>
), Afr.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F1531F82AFA9567F3" blockId="3.[831,1456,1967,2072]" box="[831,1297,1967,1988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1531F82AFA9567F3" bold="true" box="[831,1297,1967,1988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
Figure 6 – Type species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F12BBF82AFA8E67F3" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" box="[1205,1290,1967,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Setechin" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F12BBF82AFA8E67F3" bold="true" box="[1205,1290,1967,1988]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Setechin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F1531F84EFC726820" blockId="3.[831,1456,1967,2072]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F1531F84EFC6367D6" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Grose-Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[831,999,1995,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Setechin" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nichetes">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1531F84EFC6367D6" box="[831,999,1995,2017]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Setechin nichetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male upperside on left and underside on right (R.D. Congo, Haut-Katanga, Kibomboma,
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F12E8F862FB7D67CB" box="[1254,1273,2023,2044]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">in</emphasis>
coll. Th. Bouyer). FW length 33 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25EFF98168AFF12FDAA60FA" blockId="4.[132,755,151,205]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
Description and systematic list of valid species and subspecies, see below and
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF9817ACFF33FE3360FA" box="[418,439,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">in</emphasis>
Appendix.
</paragraph>
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F16DDF8B9FEAE6763" ID-CoL="BDX74" authority="Bouyer, 2023" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" box="[211,298,1852,1876]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F16DDF8B9FEAE6763" bold="true" box="[211,298,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Laodice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC259FF9F173CF8B9FE136763" box="[306,407,1852,1876]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC259FF9F16CEF8DEFE6E67A6" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F16CEF8DEFE6E67A6" blockId="3.[132,702,1852,1938]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<typeStatus id="54828865C259FF9F16CEF8DEFF736744" box="[192,247,1883,1907]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F1757F8DEFD3E6744" authority="Fabricius, 1793" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[345,698,1883,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F1757F8DEFD8D6744" box="[345,521,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Papilio lycurgus</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1793
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C259FF9F168AF8FCFF6467A6" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[132,224,1913,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F168AF8FCFF6467A6" box="[132,224,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group,
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F173BF8FFFE3467A5" bold="true" box="[309,432,1914,1938]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">comb. nov.</emphasis>
, Afr.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC259FF9F168AF835FDAA67D0" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C259FF9F168AF835FDAA67D0" blockId="3.[132,755,1968,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
Description and systematic list of valid species and subspecies, see below and
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C259FF9F17ACF855FE3367D0" box="[418,439,2000,2023]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">in</emphasis>
Appendix.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="7B2E8A814EFCCBD811006F11CC2692BF">The genera of the tribe Charaxini (Papilionoidea, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae)</mods:title>
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25CFF9A1581FD81FC62622B" ID-CoL="BDX74" authority="Bouyer, 2023" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" box="[911,998,516,540]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A1581FD81FC62622B" bold="true" box="[911,998,516,540]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Laodice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC25CFF9A15E3FD81FBD7622B" box="[1005,1107,516,540]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C323654CC25CFF9A1572FDD6FC6962BE" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25CFF9A1572FDD6FC6962BE" blockId="6.[831,1455,594,649]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<typeStatus id="54828865C25CFF9A1572FDD6FC37625C" box="[892,947,595,619]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
species of the genus:
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25CFF9A12E0FDD7FA2B625D" box="[1262,1455,594,618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A12E0FDD7FA2B625D" box="[1262,1455,594,618]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Papilio lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1793.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC25CFF9A1531FD2DFEF0680F" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25CFF9A1531FD2DFC0A62CA" blockId="6.[831,1456,680,765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
Corresponds to the
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A1203FD2DFBF562F7" box="[1037,1137,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">lycurgus-</emphasis>
group of
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C25CFF9A12DCFD2DFA2B62F7" author="HENNING, S. F." box="[1234,1455,680,704]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refId="ref8385" refString="HENNING, S. F. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Aloe Books, Johannesburg. 457 p." type="book" year="1989">Henning (1989: 384)</bibRefCitation>
and the species-group Lycurgus of
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C25CFF9A12D1FD42FC0E62CA" author="ADUSE-POKU, K. &amp; VINGERHOEDT, E. &amp; WAHLBERG, N." pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="463 - 478" refId="ref7924" refString="ADUSE-POKU, K., VINGERHOEDT, E., &amp; WAHLBERG, N. 2009. Out-of-Africa again: A phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on five gene regions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53 (2): 463 - 478." type="journal article" year="2009">
Aduse-Poku
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A137CFD4DFA3462E8" box="[1394,1456,711,735]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF46664FC25CFF9A168AFC9EFE67635F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119440" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14119440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14119440/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" startId="6.[132,200,795,816]" targetBox="[130,744,488,762]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25CFF9A168AFC9EFE67635F" blockId="6.[132,756,795,872]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A168AFC9EFDC46307" bold="true" box="[132,576,795,816]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
Figure 11 – Type species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25CFF9A17F5FC9EFDBE6307" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" box="[507,570,795,816]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Ydeali" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A17F5FC9EFDBE6307" bold="true" box="[507,570,795,816]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Ydeali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A144AFC9EFD706306" box="[580,756,795,817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25CFF9A144AFC9EFD456306" box="[580,705,795,817]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Ydeali" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lydiae">Ydeali lydiae</taxonomicName>
male
</emphasis>
upperside on top and underside below (Gabon, Mts de Cristal,
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A14ECFCB2FD70637B" box="[738,756,823,844]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">in</emphasis>
coll. G. Faravel). FW length 46 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF46664FC25CFF9A1531FBCCFB1B64A1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119442" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14119442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14119442/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" startId="6.[831,899,1097,1118]" targetBox="[829,1452,798,1056]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25CFF9A1531FBCCFB1B64A1" blockId="6.[831,1455,1096,1174]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A1531FBCCFAD06469" bold="true" box="[831,1364,1097,1118]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
Figure 13 – Type species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25CFF9A130EFBCCFACB6469" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" box="[1280,1359,1097,1118]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A130EFBCCFACB6469" bold="true" box="[1280,1359,1097,1118]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Laodice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25CFF9A136CFBCDFC16644D" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A136CFBCDFC16644D" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Laodice lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male upperside on top and underside below (Gabon,
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A1393FBE0FA2B644D" box="[1437,1455,1125,1146]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">in</emphasis>
coll. G. Faravel). FW length 35 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25CFF9A168AFB40FDCC64C1" blockId="6.[132,755,1221,1271]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A168AFB40FDCF64ED" bold="true" box="[132,587,1221,1242]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
Figure 12 –
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25CFF9A1705FB40FE0B64ED" box="[267,399,1221,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Ydeali" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lydiae">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A1705FB40FE0B64ED" bold="true" box="[267,399,1221,1242]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Ydeali lydiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female upperside
</emphasis>
(Gabon, Mts de Cristal,
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A16DEFB64FF6764C1" box="[208,227,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">in</emphasis>
coll. G. Faravel). FW length 51 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25CFF9A168AFA90FD3E65D1" blockId="6.[132,755,1301,1510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
This species is unique from every point of view: habitus (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C25CFF9A1682FAB1FEC2657B" author="HENNING, S. F." box="[140,326,1332,1356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refId="ref8385" refString="HENNING, S. F. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Aloe Books, Johannesburg. 457 p." type="book" year="1989">Henning, 1989</bibRefCitation>
), genitalia (see illustrations and comparative study
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A1764FAD1FEFB655C" box="[362,383,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C25CFF9A179CFAD6FDC4655C" author="PLANTROU, J." box="[402,576,1363,1387]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refId="ref8939" refString="PLANTROU, J. 1983. Systematique biogeographique et evolution des Charaxes africains (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). E. N. S. Laboratoire de Zoologie. 456 p." type="book" year="1983">Plantrou, 1983</bibRefCitation>
), mimicry and behaviour (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C25CFF9A170FFAF7FE0965BD" author="DARGE, P." box="[257,397,1394,1418]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="51 - 58" refId="ref8141" refString="DARGE, P. 1973. Une redecouverte dans la region de Yaounde: Charaxes lydiae Holl. (Lepidopteres Nymphalidae Charaxidinae). Annales de la Faculte des Sciences du Cameroun 13: 51 - 58." type="journal article" year="1973">Darge, 1973</bibRefCitation>
), endemism (Quaternary refuges in southern
<collectingCountry id="F32E7657C25CFF9A1704FA15FEF9659F" box="[266,381,1424,1448]" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
: Lolodorf, Efulen, Mt Kala, from
<collectingCountry id="F32E7657C25CFF9A168AFA2AFF4B65F0" box="[132,207,1455,1479]" name="Gabon" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Gabon</collectingCountry>
: Mts de Cristal and from
<collectionCode id="ED28AE02C25CFF9A140DFA2AFD9C65F1" box="[515,536,1455,1478]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">R</collectionCode>
.P.
<collectingCountry id="F32E7657C25CFF9A1433FA2AFD0C65F0" box="[573,648,1455,1479]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Congo</collectingCountry>
: Ndouba, Kelle). The early stages and food plant are unknown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF46664FC25CFF9A1531FA64FBEB6625" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119446" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14119446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14119446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" startId="6.[831,899,1505,1526]" targetBox="[965,1317,1202,1469]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25CFF9A1531FA64FBEB6625" blockId="6.[831,1456,1505,1554]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A1531FA64FA9065C1" bold="true" box="[831,1300,1505,1526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
Figure 14 –
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25CFF9A15B6FA64FBE565C1" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[952,1121,1505,1526]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A15B6FA64FBE565C1" bold="true" box="[952,1121,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Laodice lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female upperside
</emphasis>
(Gabon,
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A1360FA67FA0565C0" box="[1390,1409,1506,1527]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">in</emphasis>
coll. G. Faravel). FW length 41 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25CFF9A168AF980FE10660C" blockId="6.[132,755,1541,1596]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">The species cannot be included in any species group or in any genus of Charaxinae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25CFF9A168AF9DEFEA766A6" blockId="6.[132,755,1627,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">The upperside and underside have an almost identical pattern except:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25CFF9A168AF91CFF7766DA" blockId="6.[132,755,1627,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">- the basal area of the forewing and the costa of the hindwing in which black is replaced by orange on the underside,</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25CFF9A168AF970FE5A671C" blockId="6.[132,755,1627,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">- the white drawings more accentuated and clearer on the underside than on the upperside,</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25CFF9A168AF8B7FD4C675F" blockId="6.[132,755,1627,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">- the baso-anal black lines on the underside hindwing not present on the upperside (but visible by transparency).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25CFF9A168AF802FEF0680F" blockId="6.[132,756,1927,2104]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">The forewing is black, adorned with a band of three preapical white spots, a series of 5 postdiscal white spots, the central one of which is strongly offset towards the end of the cell, two large elongated anal spots and small white spots more or less distinct and scattered in the cell and at the level of the tornus.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC25CFF9A1531F9B7FAD96650" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25CFF9A1531F9B7FAD96650" blockId="6.[831,1455,1585,1639]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A1531F9B7FB85667E" box="[831,1025,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Derivatio nominis</emphasis>
. The name
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25CFF9A128CF9B4FB5C667E" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" box="[1154,1240,1585,1609]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A128CF9B4FB5C667E" box="[1154,1240,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Laodice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the old and often used specific name
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25CFF9A121FF9CAFBDB6650" baseAuthorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1041,1119,1615,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laodice">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A121FF9CAFBDB6650" box="[1041,1119,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">laodice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the actual
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25CFF9A12F4F9CAFAD26650" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[1274,1366,1615,1639]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A12F4F9CAFAD26650" box="[1274,1366,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC25CFF9B1531F902FBF86526" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25CFF9A1531F902FAB6670F" blockId="6.[831,1455,1671,1848]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
Basically black
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25CFF9A15E7F902FBD666A8" box="[1001,1106,1671,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Charaxini">Charaxini</taxonomicName>
on the upperside with some blue patterns and almost completely brown on the underside. Forewings massive, with sinuous outer edge and rounded apex. Hindwings not caudate except for most of the females (but
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25CFF9A15DBF884FB97672E" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[981,1043,1793,1817]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="zelica">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A15DBF884FB97672E" box="[981,1043,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">zelica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) with a tail at M3 of the hindwing, rounded and slightly spatulate (never pointed).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25CFF9B1531F8D2FEE860FA" blockId="6.[831,1455,1879,2087]" lastBlockId="7.[132,755,151,205]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
The patterns on the upperside are always blue with occasional white premarginal dots on the hindwings. On the underside, the patterns are limited to bands of separate spots. These bands are two in number on the hindwings, a discal (very shifted in
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A1224F857FB0B67DD" box="[1066,1167,2002,2026]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25CFF9A1224F857FB0367DD" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[1066,1159,2002,2026]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lycurgus">lycurgus</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
and sometimes an obsolete marginal band (female
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25CFF9A125EF874FB2F683E" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[1104,1195,2033,2057]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A125EF874FB2F683E" box="[1104,1195,2033,2057]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25CFF9A12FEF874FACE683E" box="[1264,1354,2033,2057]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25CFF9A12FEF874FAC6683E" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Grose-Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1264,1346,2033,2057]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="porthos">porthos</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
. On the forewings, the disc band is always present, in a staggered position, sometimes accompanied by a preapical spot and/or a cellular spot.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25DFF9B168AFF69FD606156" blockId="7.[132,756,236,353]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">The underside is relatively uniform, shiny with a basal band and a clear postdiscal band delimited by fine black lines more or less underlined with white. The postdiscal band is straight on HW and curved on FW, well-marked.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF46664FC25DFF9B168AFC61FD4B6406" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119448" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14119448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14119448/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" startId="7.[132,209,996,1017]" targetBox="[136,761,381,961]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25DFF9B168AFC61FD4B6406" blockId="7.[132,756,996,1073]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B168AFC61FD3263CE" bold="true" box="[132,694,996,1017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
Figures 15, 16 – Putative last instar lava of
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B146CFC61FD3463CE" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" box="[610,688,996,1017]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B146CFC61FD3463CE" bold="true" box="[610,688,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Body lateral view and close-up of the head and firsts segments, dorsal view. R.D. Congo, Ituri, 21-iii-2021. Photos Anne Laudisoit.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25DFF9B168AFBD5FEB065EF" blockId="7.[132,757,1104,1496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
Early stages. Following Williams’s catalogue, the foodplants for
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B1727FBEAFE2164B1" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[297,421,1134,1158]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1727FBEAFEBC64B1" box="[297,312,1135,1158]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1747FBEBFE2164B1" box="[329,421,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are:
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B17E3FBEBFF4C6492" authority="(DC.) J. F. Macb." authorityName="J. F. Macb." baseAuthorityName="DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Albizia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zygia">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B17E3FBEBFDFF64B1" box="[493,635,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Albizia zygia</emphasis>
(DC.) J.F. Macb.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B16EAFB08FECF6492" box="[228,331,1165,1189]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) [
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C25DFF9B1763FB08FDE26492" author="HENNING, S. F." box="[365,614,1165,1189]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" refId="ref8385" refString="HENNING, S. F. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Aloe Books, Johannesburg. 457 p." type="book" year="1989">Henning, 1989: 385</bibRefCitation>
];
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B1489FB08FF5564F3" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1489FB08FD706492" box="[647,756,1165,1189]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Dalbergia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B16D0FB29FEC164F3" box="[222,325,1196,1220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) [Larsen, 2005a];
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B1404FB29FD7064F3" box="[522,756,1196,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1404FB29FD2564F3" box="[522,673,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Dichapetalum</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B1685FB4FFEB964D5" box="[139,317,1226,1250]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dichapetalaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dichapetalaceae</taxonomicName>
) [Larsen, 2005a];
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B1467FB4FFDF56536" authority="(Schumach. &amp; Thonn.) Roberty" authorityName="Roberty" baseAuthorityName="Schumach. &amp; Thonn." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Philenoptera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyanescens">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1467FB4FFF786536" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Philenoptera cyanescens</emphasis>
(Schumach. &amp; Thonn.) Roberty
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B1488FB6CFD686536" box="[646,748,1257,1281]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) [
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C25DFF9B1684FA8DFEDB6517" author="HENNING, S. F." box="[138,351,1288,1312]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" refId="ref8385" refString="HENNING, S. F. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Aloe Books, Johannesburg. 457 p." type="book" year="1989">Henning, 1989: 385</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B1771FA8DFEC96509" authority="(Schum. &amp; Thonn.) Benth." authorityName="Benth." baseAuthorityName="Schum. &amp; Thonn." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lonchocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyanescens">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1771FA8DFD116517" box="[383,661,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Lonchocarpus cyanescens</emphasis>
(Schum. &amp; Thonn.) Benth.
</taxonomicName>
];
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B176CFAA3FD906509" box="[354,532,1318,1342]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B176CFAA3FE396509" box="[354,445,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Millettia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B142AFAA3FD0F6509" box="[548,651,1318,1342]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) [Larsen, 2005a];
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B16EEFAC0FE1A656A" box="[224,414,1349,1373]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Paullinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B16EEFAC0FE1A656A" box="[224,414,1349,1373]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Paullinia pinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B17C1FAC0FDDC656A" box="[463,600,1349,1373]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
) [Vuattoux &amp; Blandin, 1977;
<collectingCountry id="F32E7657C25DFF9B173BFAE1FE39654B" box="[309,445,1380,1404]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
];
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B17DBFAE0FEAE65AD" authority="L'Her. ex DC." authorityName="DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santalinoides">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B17DBFAE0FD70654B" box="[469,756,1380,1404]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Pterocarpus santalinoides</emphasis>
L’Hér. ex DC.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B1732FA07FE2765AD" box="[316,419,1410,1434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) [Vuattoux &amp; Blandin, 1977;
<collectingCountry id="F32E7657C25DFF9B168AFA27FE90658E" box="[132,276,1441,1466]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
];
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B173DFA24FDC2658E" box="[307,582,1441,1465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B173DFA24FE60658E" box="[307,484,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Trachyphrynium</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B146FFA24FD69658E" box="[609,749,1441,1465]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Marantaceae</taxonomicName>
) [Larsen, 2005a].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25DFF9B168AFA7DFD39669F" blockId="7.[132,756,1527,1704]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
No description of the early stages of
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B1407FA72FDDB6638" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" box="[521,607,1527,1551]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1407FA72FDDB6638" box="[521,607,1527,1551]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has ever been published. However, a last instar larva was photographed in eastern
<collectingCountry id="F32E7657C25DFF9B16F8F9B0FEEF667B" box="[246,363,1588,1612]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
by Anne Laudisoit that could be it. The observation took place on
<date id="FF871007C25DFF9B17DCF9D6FD05665C" box="[466,641,1619,1643]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" value="2021-03-19">March 19, 2021</date>
, in a relict forest on the north-east side of Lake Albert (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/72179159).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25DFF9B168AF942FEAB674E" blockId="7.[132,756,1735,1913]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
Although its general structure seems close to the last stage caterpillar of the
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B1744F963FE1766C9" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[330,403,1766,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jasius">“jasius</taxonomicName>
group”, this has some original characters which we give below. Overall, this caterpillar is very different from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B17B9F8A6FD98670C" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[439,540,1827,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euxanthe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B17B9F8A6FD98670C" box="[439,540,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Euxanthe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the genus in which Aduse-Poku
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1701F8C6FEC2676D" box="[271,326,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
included the lycurgus-group (= the new
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B168AF8E4FF5E674E" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" box="[132,218,1889,1913]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B168AF8E4FF5E674E" box="[132,218,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25DFF9B168AF81DFF45683B" blockId="7.[132,756,1944,2060]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
There are several species of
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B17BCF81DFD8C6787" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" box="[434,520,1944,1968]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B17BCF81DFD8C6787" box="[434,520,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this region and it is therefore risky to attribute it to a particular species, while remembering that
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B1748F850FE7A67DA" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[326,510,2005,2029]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1748F850FE7A67DA" box="[326,510,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most common of them.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25DFF9B1531FF12FB8A6470" blockId="7.[831,1455,151,1095]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
The general shape is that of caterpillars of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B1531FF30FC2160FA" authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" box="[831,933,181,205]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1531FF30FC2160FA" box="[831,933,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Charaxes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as of the
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B1215FF30FBE260FA" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[1051,1126,181,205]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jasius">
“
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1226FF33FBE260FA" box="[1064,1126,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">jasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group”. Facial disc of head is pale green with entire margin and horns black-brown, heavily covered with small white granules. The two outer pairs of horns are small and sturdy with a broad base, triangular. They are of the same size, but the outermost ones are clearly curved inwards. A third median dorsal pair is composed of two very small, pointed horns. There do not appear to be any other horns or supernumerary growths, giving a very simple formula of 3 simple pairs of horns. The general dorsal color of the body is pale green (like the head capsule) except for the first tergite which is dark leaf green, bordered posteriorly by a fine granular white margin. On the anterior half of the middle of the back of segments
<collectionCode id="ED28AE02C25DFF9B15A6FDC1FC3F626C" box="[936,955,580,603]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED28AE02C25DFF9B15E3FDC1FB9A626C" box="[1005,1054,580,603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">VIII</collectionCode>
, there are two almost circular, slightly oval discs whose middle is a black-brown disc surrounded by an asymmetrical greenish-yellow ring wider towards the front than the rear. This last ring is bordered by a thin, irregular black border that is sometimes vestigial. These discs are bordered, set back towards the bottom, with two white dots, the most dorsal of which is slightly set back in relation to the first. The stigmata are white. The dorsoventral lateral band is very marked, slightly swollen, with a blackish-brown background color heavily covered with white granularities, more accentuated on the lateral margin. This band completely contours the body towards the rear at the level of the last segment. This last segment is normally bifid. Straddling segments
<collectionCode id="ED28AE02C25DFF9B12D8FC56FB7963DD" box="[1238,1277,979,1002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">I-II</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED28AE02C25DFF9B1308FC56FABA63DD" box="[1286,1342,979,1002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">II-III</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED28AE02C25DFF9B1349FC56FA0663DD" box="[1351,1410,979,1002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">V-VI</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED28AE02C25DFF9B1384FC56FCE3643E" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">VIVII</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED28AE02C25DFF9B1578FC77FC56643E" box="[886,978,1010,1033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">VII-VIII</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED28AE02C25DFF9B1203FC77FBE7643E" box="[1037,1123,1010,1033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">VIII-IX</collectionCode>
, the black-brown lateral band widens, forming blackish-brown triangles covered with white granularities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25DFF9B1531FBE3FB6A64ED" blockId="7.[831,1455,1126,1242]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
The combination of the dorsal ornamentation, the shape of the head face and the recurring presence of brown-black marginal bands or lines heavily covered with white granularities is unique within
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B1270FB47FB6F64ED" box="[1150,1259,1218,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Charaxini">Charaxini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25DFF9B1531FB7CFBF86526" blockId="7.[831,1148,1273,1298]" box="[831,1148,1273,1298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">The genus contains 5 species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC25DFF9B1531FAB5FC24659A" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25DFF9B1531FAB5FC24659A" blockId="7.[831,1456,1328,1453]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B1531FAB5FB34657F" authority="(Fabricius 1793)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[831,1200,1328,1352]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lycurgus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1531FAB5FC7C657F" box="[831,1016,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice lycurgus</emphasis>
(Fabricius 1793)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B12B9FAB4FAB6657E" bold="true" box="[1207,1330,1329,1353]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC25DFF9B12B9FAB4FAB6657E" box="[1207,1330,1329,1353]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Syn.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B15A9FACAFA946550" authority="(Hewitson 1876)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[935,1296,1359,1383]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nesiope" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B15A9FACAFBD06550" box="[935,1108,1359,1383]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice nesiope</emphasis>
(Hewitson 1876)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1318FACAFA166550" bold="true" box="[1302,1426,1359,1383]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC25DFF9B1318FACAFA166550" box="[1302,1426,1359,1383]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B157EFAF0FAE165BA" authority="(Plantrou, 1978)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Plantrou" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[880,1381,1397,1421]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="lycurgus" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="bernardiana">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B157EFAF0FB3565BA" box="[880,1201,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice lycurgus bernardiana</emphasis>
(Plantrou, 1978)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1365FAF3FC24659A" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC25DFF9B1365FAF3FC24659A" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC25DFF941531FA49FDE86098" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25DFF9B1531FA49FC2466A2" blockId="7.[831,1456,1484,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<heading id="D0CE81ABC25DFF9B1531FA49FA20663C" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B1531FA49FBFD65D3" authority="(Butler, 1869)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[831,1145,1484,1508]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="zelica" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1531FA49FC5E65D3" box="[831,986,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice zelica</emphasis>
(Butler, 1869)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1271FA49FB7F65D3" bold="true" box="[1151,1275,1484,1508]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC25DFF9B1271FA49FB7F65D3" box="[1151,1275,1484,1508]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B157EFA77FAA5663D" authority="(Plantrou, 1978)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Plantrou" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[880,1313,1522,1546]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="zelica" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="rougeoti">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B157EFA77FBE8663D" box="[880,1132,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice zelica rougeoti</emphasis>
(Plantrou, 1978)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1326FA76FA20663C" bold="true" box="[1320,1444,1523,1547]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC25DFF9B1326FA76FA20663C" box="[1320,1444,1523,1547]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B157EF99CFA2B6606" authority="(Joicey &amp; Talbot, 1921)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Joicey &amp; Talbot" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[880,1455,1561,1585]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="zelica" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="depuncta">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B157EF99CFB016606" box="[880,1157,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice zelica depuncta</emphasis>
(Joicey &amp; Talbot, 1921)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B157EF9BDFC686667" bold="true" box="[880,1004,1592,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC25DFF9B157EF9BDFC686667" box="[880,1004,1592,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B157EF9DBFAE46641" authority="(Carcasson, 1964)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Carcasson" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[880,1376,1630,1654]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="zelica" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="toyoshimai">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B157EF9DBFB0A6641" box="[880,1166,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice zelica toyoshimai</emphasis>
(Carcasson, 1964)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1365F9DAFC2466A2" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC25DFF9B1365F9DAFC2466A2" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25DFF9B1531F919FC6867F6" blockId="7.[831,1456,1484,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B1531F919FB566683" authority="(Grose-Smith, 1883)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Grose-Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[831,1234,1692,1716]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="porthos" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1531F919FC6A6683" box="[831,1006,1692,1716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice porthos</emphasis>
(Grose-Smith, 1883)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B12D6F919FAD06683" bold="true" box="[1240,1364,1692,1716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC25DFF9B12D6F919FAD06683" box="[1240,1364,1692,1716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Syn.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B15A9F93FFA9666E5" authority="(Staudinger, 1891)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Staudinger" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[935,1298,1722,1746]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="midas" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B15A9F93FFBC666E5" box="[935,1090,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice midas</emphasis>
(Staudinger, 1891)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1317F93FFA1066E5" bold="true" box="[1305,1428,1722,1746]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC25DFF9B1317F93FFA1066E5" box="[1305,1428,1722,1746]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Syn.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B15A9F95CFB6A66C6" authority="(Rober, 1939)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Rober" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[935,1262,1753,1777]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dunkeli" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B15A9F95CFBD666C6" box="[935,1106,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice dunkeli</emphasis>
(Röber, 1939)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B12FBF95CFAF566C6" bold="true" box="[1269,1393,1753,1777]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC25DFF9B12FBF95CFAF566C6" box="[1269,1393,1753,1777]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B157EF97AFA2B6720" authority="(Rousseau-Decelle, 1931)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Rousseau-Decelle" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[880,1455,1791,1815]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="porthos" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="katangae">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B157EF97AFB096720" box="[880,1165,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice porthos katangae</emphasis>
(Rousseau-Decelle, 1931)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B157EF89AFC686700" bold="true" box="[880,1004,1823,1847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC25DFF9B157EF89AFC686700" box="[880,1004,1823,1847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B157EF8C0FAE6676A" authority="(van Someren, 1968)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="van Someren" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[880,1378,1861,1885]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="porthos" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="gallayi">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B157EF8C0FBF7676A" box="[880,1139,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice porthos gallayi</emphasis>
(van Someren, 1968)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1365F8C0FC24674B" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC25DFF9B1365F8C0FC24674B" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B157EF80FFA2B6795" authority="(Joicey &amp; Talbot, 1921)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Joicey &amp; Talbot" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[880,1455,1930,1954]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="porthos" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="dummeri">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B157EF80FFB146795" box="[880,1168,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice porthos dummeri</emphasis>
(Joicey &amp; Talbot, 1921)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B157EF82CFC6867F6" bold="true" box="[880,1004,1961,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC25DFF9B157EF82CFC6867F6" box="[880,1004,1961,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25DFF9B1531F865FAE067CE" blockId="7.[831,1380,2016,2041]" box="[831,1380,2016,2041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<heading id="D0CE81ABC25DFF9B1531F865FAE067CE" box="[831,1380,2016,2041]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25DFF9B1531F865FB6667CF" authority="(Aurivillius, 1899)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Aurivillius" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[831,1250,2016,2040]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="doubledayi" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B1531F865FB9667CF" box="[831,1042,2016,2040]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Laodice doubledayi</emphasis>
(Aurivillius, 1899)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25DFF9B12E6F864FAE067CE" bold="true" box="[1256,1380,2017,2041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC25DFF9B12E6F864FAE067CE" box="[1256,1380,2017,2041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF94168AFF12FDE86098" blockId="8.[132,756,155,306]" box="[132,620,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C252FF94168AFF12FE6E6098" authority="(Godart, 1824)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Godart" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[132,490,151,175]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mycerina" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF94168AFF12FEC06098" box="[132,324,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Laodice mycerina</emphasis>
(Godart, 1824)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF9417FEFF12FDE86098" bold="true" box="[496,620,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC252FF9417FEFF12FDE86098" box="[496,620,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC252FF9416BAFF38FF616105" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C252FF9416BAFF38FF616105" blockId="8.[132,756,155,306]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C252FF9416BAFF38FD2D60E2" authority="(Staudinger, 1891)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Staudinger" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[180,681,189,213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="mycerina" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="nausicaa">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF9416BAFF38FE5F60E2" box="[180,475,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Laodice mycerina nausicaa</emphasis>
(Staudinger, 1891)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF9414A1FF3BFF6160C3" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC252FF9414A1FF3BFF6160C3" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Syn.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C252FF9416E5FF7FFD2D6125" authority="(Plantrou, 1978)" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Plantrou" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[235,681,250,274]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="mycerina" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="viettei">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF9416E5FF7FFE776125" box="[235,499,250,274]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Laodice mycerina viettei</emphasis>
(Plantrou, 1978)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C252FF9414A1FF7EFF616105" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57AEC252FF9414A1FF7EFF616105" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="87B8404FB374DF9FEC4FF6179D7136B8" ID-DOI="10.4314/met.v34i1.6" ID-ISSN="2307-5031" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14119408" ID-ZooBank="0F510750-563D-4E6D-BE9F-F901EE02A422" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1731462156187" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bouyer, Thierry" docDate="2023" docId="039087D1C25EFF991531FEE4FEF46285" docLanguage="en" docName="Metamorphosis.34.59-78.pdf" docOrigin="Metamorphosis 34 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v34i1.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:73CBAE06DE6A380ACC54A94377F5FCBA.1:Metamorphosis.2021-.journal_article" docStyleId="73CBAE06DE6A380ACC54A94377F5FCBA" docStyleName="Metamorphosis.2021-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="The genera of the tribe Charaxini (Papilionoidea, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae)" docType="key" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="FFA9FFA9C25AFF9C160EFF85FF846037" masterDocTitle="The genera of the tribe Charaxini (Papilionoidea, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae)" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1735061715257" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="EDE33CD4CE8E4B1A3A2E87D933AFD94D">The genera of the tribe Charaxini (Papilionoidea, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A9BC3B1F2C17E13CB5B0CD085DD13676">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039087D1C25EFF991531FEE4FEF46285" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087D1C25EFF991531FEE4FEF46285" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087D1C25EFF991531FEE4FEF46285" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<subSubSection id="C323654CC25EFF981531FEE4FC5A614E" box="[831,990,353,377]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25EFF981531FEE4FC5A614E" blockId="4.[831,1456,353,654]" box="[831,990,353,377]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF981531FEE4FC5A614E" bold="true" box="[831,990,353,377]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Key to genera</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC25EFF991531FE05FD77611D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="key">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25EFF981531FE05FA2B6224" blockId="4.[831,1456,353,654]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF981531FE05FCD961AF" bold="true" box="[831,861,384,408]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">1 -</emphasis>
Length of the sawtooth present at the basal third of the forewing costa greater than the width of the scale’s rows, visible on the underside just in the area along the costa (in a ratio from 1.33 to 2.5) (
<figureCitation id="13022A42C25EFF981243FE59FB1861C3" box="[1101,1180,476,500]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="5.[152,220,1963,1984]" captionTargetBox="[132,1406,754,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-489@5.[132,1406,754,1943]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 10 – Comparison of the length of sawteeth (represented by a green bar) to width the length of the scale rows (represented by a red bar), character 1 in the genera key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14119436/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
, first column)
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF9812AFFE7EFCCC6206" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
………. genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25EFF981348FE7EFA2B6224" ID-CoL="9254Q" authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" box="[1350,1455,507,531]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF981348FE7EFA2B6224" bold="true" box="[1350,1455,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Charaxes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25EFF981531FD9CFA2B62B9" blockId="4.[831,1456,353,654]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
- Length of the sawtooth present at the basal third of the forewing costa approximately the same as the width of the scale’s rows, visible on the underside just in the area along the costa (
<figureCitation id="13022A42C25EFF9815A2FDF0FC7F62BA" box="[940,1019,629,653]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="5.[152,220,1963,1984]" captionTargetBox="[132,1406,754,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-489@5.[132,1406,754,1943]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 10 – Comparison of the length of sawteeth (represented by a green bar) to width the length of the scale rows (represented by a red bar), character 1 in the genera key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14119436/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
, second and third column)
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF98134BFDF3FA2B62B9" bold="true" box="[1349,1455,630,654]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">………. 2</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25EFF981531FD28FA2B6316" blockId="4.[831,1455,684,801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF981531FD28FCE662F2" bold="true" box="[831,866,685,709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">2 -</emphasis>
Underside and upperside ground green colour, with triangular apex zone darker; underside with silver markings (
<figureCitation id="13022A42C25EFF9815BCFD6FFC756335" box="[946,1009,746,770]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="4.[132,200,665,686]" captionTargetBox="[139,774,360,630]" captionTargetId="graphics-1163@4.[139,774,360,630]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 7 – Type species of the genus Viridixes. Viridixes eupale, male upperside on left and underside on right (Rwanda, Butare, in coll. Th. Bouyer). FW length 32 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14119428/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
)
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF9812A9FD6FFCCC6316" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
………. genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25EFF981342FD6FFA2B6335" authorityName="Bouyer &amp; Vingerhoedt" authorityYear="2008" box="[1356,1455,746,770]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Viridixes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF981342FD6FFA2B6335" bold="true" box="[1356,1455,746,770]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Viridixes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
</emphasis>
No green ground colour on either side
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF98134BFC8CFA2B6316" bold="true" box="[1349,1455,777,801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">………. 3</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25EFF981531FCC5FA2B6418" blockId="4.[831,1455,831,1071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF981531FCC5FCE4636F" bold="true" box="[831,864,832,856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">3 -</emphasis>
Veins R1-R2 of forewing anastomosed with Sc vein; tarsus of foreleg of the male short and bluntly rounded, about ¼ the length of the tibia; mid and hind tibiae and tarsi with long spines (
<figureCitation id="13022A42C25EFF9815F3FC1EFBB86384" box="[1021,1084,923,947]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[132,200,1659,1680]" captionTargetBox="[139,784,1394,1622]" captionTargetId="graphics-917@3.[139,784,1394,1622]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3 – Type species of the genus Euxanthe. Euxanthe eurinome, male upperside on left and underside on right (R.D. Congo, Equateur, in coll. Th. Bouyer). FW length 45 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14119422/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF981290FC19FA2B6383" bold="true" box="[1182,1455,924,948]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
………. genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25EFF98134DFC19FA2B6383" ID-CoL="9295X" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[1347,1455,924,948]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euxanthe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF98134DFC19FA2B6383" bold="true" box="[1347,1455,924,948]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Euxanthe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
- Veins R1-R2 of forewing not anastomosing with Sc vein; tarsus of foreleg of the male long and slender, but slightly shorter than the tibia; mid and hind tibiae and tarsi with short spines
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF98134BFB92FA2B6418" bold="true" box="[1349,1455,1047,1071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">………. 4</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25EFF981531FBCBFA2B64F5" blockId="4.[831,1455,1101,1310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF981531FBCBFCE46451" bold="true" box="[831,864,1102,1126]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">4 -</emphasis>
Anal lobe of hindwing between veins 2A and Cua1, produced into two small marginal lobes (
<figureCitation id="13022A42C25EFF981359FBE9FA2364B3" box="[1367,1447,1132,1156]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="4.[132,200,1914,1935]" captionTargetBox="[139,794,1605,1879]" captionTargetId="graphics-1175@4.[139,794,1605,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 9 – Type species of the genus Zingha. Zingha zingha upperside on left and underside on right (R. D. Congo, Tshopo, in coll. Th. Bouyer). FW length 38 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14119434/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
)
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF9812B4FB2FFA2B64F5" bold="true" box="[1210,1455,1194,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
………. genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25EFF981351FB2FFA2B64F5" ID-CoL="94XY5" authorityName="Hemming" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Bouyer" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[1375,1455,1194,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zingha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF981351FB2FFA2B64F5" bold="true" box="[1375,1455,1194,1218]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Zingha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25EFF981531FB4CFA2B6529" blockId="4.[831,1455,1101,1310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
- Anal lobe of hindwing between veins 2A and Cua1, not produced into two lobes, sometimes anal angle stretching limited at the end of 2A vein
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF98134BFA83FA2B6529" bold="true" box="[1349,1455,1286,1310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">………. 5</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25EFF981531FAB8FA2B65F8" blockId="4.[831,1455,1341,1549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF981531FAB8FCE16562" bold="true" box="[831,869,1341,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">5 -</emphasis>
Hindwing with margins entire or weakly dentate, always untailed in male and occasionally with a spatulate tail at M3 vein in female; forewing apex stretched and rounded, never angled or pointed; forewing external margin sinuous
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF98134BFA32FA2B65F8" bold="true" box="[1349,1455,1463,1487]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">………. 6</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25EFF981531FA52FA2B663A" blockId="4.[831,1455,1341,1549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
- Hindwing with the margins with at least a distinct tail in male
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF98134BFA70FA2B663A" bold="true" box="[1349,1455,1525,1549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">………. 7</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25EFF981531F9A9FA2B6654" blockId="4.[831,1455,1580,1758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF981531F9A9FCD96673" bold="true" box="[831,861,1580,1604]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">6 -</emphasis>
ground color orange on both sides with brown patterns (Figs 15-18)
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF981289F9CEFA2B6654" bold="true" box="[1159,1455,1611,1635]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
………. gen. nov.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25EFF98135FF9CEFA2B6654" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" box="[1361,1455,1611,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Setechin" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF98135FF9CEFA2B6654" bold="true" box="[1361,1455,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Setechin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25EFF981531F9EFFA2B66E9" blockId="4.[831,1455,1580,1758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
- ground color black with blue patterns on the upperside and brown patterns on the underside (
<figureCitation id="13022A42C25EFF98132AF90DFA236697" box="[1316,1447,1672,1696]" captionStart-0="Figure 13" captionStart-1="Figure 14" captionStartId-0="6.[831,899,1097,1118]" captionStartId-1="6.[831,899,1505,1526]" captionTargetBox-0="[829,1452,798,1056]" captionTargetBox-1="[965,1317,1202,1469]" captionTargetId-0="graphics-945@6.[829,1452,798,1056]" captionTargetId-1="figure-932@6.[965,1323,1202,1469]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="Figure 13 – Type species of the genus Laodice. Laodice lycurgus male upperside on top and underside below (Gabon, in coll. G. Faravel). FW length 35 mm." captionText-1="Figure 14 – Laodice lycurgus female upperside (Gabon, in coll. G. Faravel). FW length 41 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119442" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119446" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14119442/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14119446/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Figs 13-14</figureCitation>
)
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF981280F943FA2B66E9" bold="true" box="[1166,1455,1734,1758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
………. gen. nov.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25EFF981356F943FA2B66E9" ID-CoL="BDX74" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" box="[1368,1455,1734,1758]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF981356F943FA2B66E9" bold="true" box="[1368,1455,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Laodice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25EFF981531F978FA346746" blockId="4.[831,1456,1788,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF981531F978FCDA6722" bold="true" box="[831,862,1789,1813]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">7 -</emphasis>
Hindwing underside and upperside with general white color, with a large orange anal patch; hindwing always with two tails in both sexes (
<figureCitation id="13022A42C25EFF981235F8BFFB346765" box="[1083,1200,1850,1874]" captionStart-0="Figure 11" captionStart-1="Figure 12" captionStartId-0="6.[132,200,795,816]" captionStartId-1="6.[132,200,1221,1242]" captionTargetBox-0="[130,744,488,762]" captionTargetBox-1="[244,575,899,1185]" captionTargetId-0="figure-935@6.[436,744,490,762]" captionTargetId-1="figure-941@6.[244,575,899,1185]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="Figure 11 – Type species of the genus Ydeali. Ydeali lydiae male upperside on top and underside below (Gabon, Mts de Cristal, in coll. G. Faravel). FW length 46 mm." captionText-1="Figure 12 – Ydeali lydiae female upperside (Gabon, Mts de Cristal, in coll. G. Faravel). FW length 51 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119440" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119444" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14119440/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14119444/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Figs 11-12</figureCitation>
)
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF9812AEF8DCFA346746" bold="true" box="[1184,1456,1881,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
………. gen. nov.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25EFF981364F8DCFA346746" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2023" box="[1386,1456,1881,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Ydeali" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF981364F8DCFA346746" bold="true" box="[1386,1456,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Ydeali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25EFF981531F8FDFA2B6799" blockId="4.[831,1456,1788,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
- Hindwing underside without a large orange anal patch; hindwing sometimes with only one tail
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF98134BF813FA2B6799" bold="true" box="[1349,1455,1942,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">………. 8</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25EFF991531F848FD77611D" blockId="4.[831,1456,1997,2113]" lastBlockId="5.[132,756,151,298]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF981531F848FCDB67D2" bold="true" box="[831,863,1997,2021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">8 -</emphasis>
Forewing underside with a double large black, round patch in the tornus between veins 2A and CuA2; rarely with upper black patch vestigial (as in
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25EFF98130EF78EFA226815" box="[1280,1446,2058,2082]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euxanthe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hildebrandti">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF98130EF78EFA946815" box="[1280,1296,2059,2082]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF98132DF78FFA226815" box="[1315,1446,2058,2082]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">hildebrandti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="13022A42C25EFF981549F7ACFC036876" box="[839,903,2089,2113]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[132,200,744,765]" captionTargetBox="[139,777,420,710]" captionTargetId="graphics-911@3.[139,776,420,710]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2 – Type species of the genus Eriboea. Eriboea etheocles, male upperside on left and underside on right (R. D. Congo, Tshopo, in coll. Th. Bouyer). FW length 34 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14119416/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
)
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF9812BDF7ACFA2B6876" bold="true" box="[1203,1455,2089,2113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
………. genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25EFF981356F7ACFA2B6876" ID-CoL="94XLZ" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[1368,1455,2089,2113]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eriboea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25EFF981356F7ACFA2B6876" bold="true" box="[1368,1455,2089,2113]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Eriboea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
- Forewing underside without a double large, black round patch in the tornus between veins 2A and CuA2; when black-patches are present, they are neither complete nor large, being the vestiges of ocellus margins and often lunulate (
<figureCitation id="13022A42C25FFF9916E7FE94FEAD611E" box="[233,297,273,297]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="3.[831,899,1323,1344]" captionTargetBox="[838,1467,1002,1288]" captionTargetId="graphics-929@3.[838,1467,1002,1288]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 5 – Type species of the genus Polyura. Polyura pyrrhus, male upperside on left and underside on right (Ceram, in coll. G. Faravel). FW length 46 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14119420/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
)
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25FFF9917F9FE97FD77611D" bold="true" box="[503,755,274,298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
………. genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25FFF991492FE97FD77611D" ID-CoL="92KFV" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[668,755,274,298]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Polyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25FFF991492FE97FD77611D" bold="true" box="[668,755,274,298]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Polyura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC25FFF99168AFECCFEF46285" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C25FFF99168AFECCFEF46285" blockId="5.[132,756,329,690]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25FFF99168AFECCFDEE6156" bold="true" box="[132,618,329,353]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Note about character 1 of the genera key.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25FFF99147DFECCFD5D6156" ID-CoL="9254Q" authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" box="[627,729,329,353]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25FFF99147DFECCFD5D6156" box="[627,729,329,353]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Charaxes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterised by an apomorphy illustrated in
<figureCitation id="13022A42C25FFF991461FEE2FD3A6148" box="[623,702,359,383]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="5.[152,220,1963,1984]" captionTargetBox="[132,1406,754,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-489@5.[132,1406,754,1943]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 10 – Comparison of the length of sawteeth (represented by a green bar) to width the length of the scale rows (represented by a red bar), character 1 in the genera key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14119436/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
. The costal edge of the forewing is saw-shaped, composed of segments that are dentate at their end and that vary in length along the costa, being longer at around the third basal. In this area, the length of the segment (represented by a green bar in
<figureCitation id="13022A42C25FFF9916C8FD84FE95622E" box="[198,273,513,537]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="5.[152,220,1963,1984]" captionTargetBox="[132,1406,754,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-489@5.[132,1406,754,1943]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 10 – Comparison of the length of sawteeth (represented by a green bar) to width the length of the scale rows (represented by a red bar), character 1 in the genera key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14119436/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) is always longer than the length of the scales (represented by a red bar in
<figureCitation id="13022A42C25FFF9917BFFD9AFD846200" box="[433,512,543,567]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="5.[152,220,1963,1984]" captionTargetBox="[132,1406,754,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-489@5.[132,1406,754,1943]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 10 – Comparison of the length of sawteeth (represented by a green bar) to width the length of the scale rows (represented by a red bar), character 1 in the genera key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14119436/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). In all other genera of
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25FFF99168AFDBBFF696261" ID-CoL="93N3Q" box="[132,237,574,598]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Charaxini">Charaxini</taxonomicName>
and Pallini, the length of the sawtooth is equal to length of the scales. This character correlates with the genetic cluster of Aduse Poku
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25FFF9917E4FDF9FDA262A4" box="[490,550,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
in their subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C25FFF99168AFD1FFEEF6285" box="[132,363,666,690]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Charaxes">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25FFF99168AFD1FFF6E6285" box="[132,234,666,690]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Charaxes</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C25FFF9916F4FD1FFEE46285" box="[250,352,666,690]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Charaxes</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>