Add updates up until 2024-11-26 00:37:16
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<mods:title id="82CA7E043BE847CA5D5B9B4F2E6B89FD">Revision of the generic classification of the hawkfishes (Cirrhitidae), with descriptions of three new genera.</mods:title>
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<mods:titleInfo id="FD12842D510B1FB0AA5B708A1658DA2B">
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<mods:title id="D5EFB38336A3303DA5DBD241540791EE">Revision of the generic classification of the hawkfishes (Cirrhitidae), with descriptions of three new genera.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="88F0D5F98B8A67C1AF7C305F5AE30CCD">John E. Randall</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="D4A8690C409E0DA4AE083CE387BE6C49" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6279332" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100125235" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6279332" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D4A8690C409E0DA4AE083CE387BE6C49" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D4A8690C409E0DA4AE083CE387BE6C49" lastPageNumber="4" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="8D8138B32A05E1E25C034615B5BFCB60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0E2CF55BDFE3123DBD9035634F03566D">
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[[ Family
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<taxonomicName id="9E75CE3B1858EDD6129621B15F1104F9" ID-CoL="89K" ID-ENA="76914" family="Cirrhitidae" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Cirrhitidae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="9E75CE3B1858EDD6129621B15F1104F9" ID-CoL="89K" ID-ENA="76914" family="Cirrhitidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cirrhitidae</taxonomicName>
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]]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D2C9304493741BEDCAA284144481B1E9" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="CA706EC7540830E7A526FA85A2811238" pageNumber="1">
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The perciform fish family
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<taxonomicName id="A915097CF50DC3FDA38A628BED640EE5" family="Cirrhitidae" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Cirrhitidae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="A915097CF50DC3FDA38A628BED640EE5" family="Cirrhitidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cirrhitidae</taxonomicName>
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is characterized by having 14 pectoral rays, the lower 5 to 7 unbranched and enlarged with the membranes deeply incised; a single dorsal fin of X spines and 11 to 17 soft rays, the fin notched between the spinous and soft portions; membrane at dorsal spine tips with one to several cirri; anal rays III,5-7; 15 principal caudal rays; pelvic rays I,5; opercular spines 2; a fringe of cirri on posterior edge of anterior nostril; margin of preopercle serrate, though often only on upper half (number of serrae increase with age); scales cycloid; gill membranes broadly joined, with a free fold across throat; no swimbladder; 6 branchiostegal rays; and 26 vertebrae. Except for the presence or absence of palatine teeth and except for the reduced size of the canines in the monotypic genus
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<taxonomicName id="C8A6D50B68A49AA8EA1930D77F47B716" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9A5FCAE1-60DB-400B-BFD8-ED47AE93C254" family="Cirrhitidae" genus="Oxycirrhites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Oxycirrhites Bleeker 1857:39" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Oxycirrhites</taxonomicName>
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, the dentition is essentially the same for all species: an outer row of small incurved canines, the largest in upper jaw at the front, and the largest in the lower jaw as 2 to 4 recurved canines nearly half way back in jaw; a broad dense inner band of villiform teeth at front of jaws, continuing progressively narrower posteriorly in upper jaw; a narrow V-shaped band of small teeth on the vomer.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="60878B00ADA3BEBBECBE2AD761CD3F6C" pageNumber="2">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="9F17863848B994368491E73B39EBC390" family="Cirrhitidae" pageNumber="2" rank="family">Cirrhitidae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="9F17863848B994368491E73B39EBC390" family="Cirrhitidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cirrhitidae</taxonomicName>
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is primarily an Indo-Pacific family, with only three of the 33 species occurring in the Atlantic, and only three in the eastern Pacific (two of which are also wideranging in the Indo-Pacific). Most are found in shallow water on coral reefs or rocky substrata, often in areas exposed to surge. When in a surgy area, they use their thickened lower pectoral rays to wedge themselves in place.
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<taxonomicName id="728DB0BF8E2443C6CB3EBA6C02CABEF1" family="Cirrhitidae" genus="Cyprinocirrhites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyactis">Cyprinocirrhites polyactis</taxonomicName>
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and
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@ -62,13 +62,13 @@ makes short forays into the water column for the larger animals of the zooplankt
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B78CEB5629C4C88E4FE232AA2232B01E" pageNumber="2">
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The generic classification of the
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<taxonomicName id="645548CE0E890B917C21FFE78F07FCC1" family="Cirrhitidae" pageNumber="2" rank="family">Cirrhitidae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="645548CE0E890B917C21FFE78F07FCC1" family="Cirrhitidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cirrhitidae</taxonomicName>
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has a long and confused history which is summarized here:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BF2BDCBAB31668B4A5D437657B21C1A0" pageNumber="2">
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<normalizedToken id="FEA653F2C34C14FD5D4C80FD0A5AE46F" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
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(1860) recognized eight genera in the family, only three of which remain in the
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<taxonomicName id="1FDC25C6F52D9F913864AC6144A18BE9" family="Cirrhitidae" pageNumber="2" rank="family">Cirrhitidae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="1FDC25C6F52D9F913864AC6144A18BE9" family="Cirrhitidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cirrhitidae</taxonomicName>
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today:
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<taxonomicName id="D2305FF530C48792BB5AAA23C18D5A65" family="Cirrhitidae" genus="Cirrhitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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Cirrhitus
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@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ as a new genus and species of cirrhitid fish from Okinawa.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="56494C4B6D6CD91B5A109A0E4C6094EC" pageNumber="3">
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In a review of western Indian Ocean
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<taxonomicName id="2DBAAC3FBB14846DAAAD70995E316491" family="Cirrhitidae" pageNumber="3" rank="family">Cirrhitidae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="2DBAAC3FBB14846DAAAD70995E316491" family="Cirrhitidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cirrhitidae</taxonomicName>
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, Smith (1951) created the genus
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<taxonomicName id="8D8F52CB522DC1D9372876B7772E7843" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8AFD1869-8E1F-4D76-94F8-9387419C91DA" family="Cirrhitidae" genus="Cirrhitops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cirrhitops Smith 1951:(627) 637" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cirrhitops</taxonomicName>
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for
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@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ but distinct on the basis of lacking scales on the gill membrane and on the snou
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0CEB59469C38976BE8FAB4481D3D36BB" pageNumber="3">
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Schultz in Schultz & collaborators (1960) recognized 13 genera in the
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<taxonomicName id="133FEA98EDB3BE5921B0674C0551732D" family="Cirrhitidae" pageNumber="3" rank="family">Cirrhitidae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="133FEA98EDB3BE5921B0674C0551732D" family="Cirrhitidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cirrhitidae</taxonomicName>
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, including
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<taxonomicName id="DD5180FAFD60DA6B2C3F666E426AB340" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2F6B48D5-B8C9-49E2-9393-87E1181F30DA" family="Serranidae" genus="Isobuna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Isobuna Jordan 1907:158" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Isobuna</taxonomicName>
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,
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@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ Randall & Heemstra (1978) reclassified the genera
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and
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<taxonomicName id="ED44654A9F1F36B2C155175F7352787F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2F6B48D5-B8C9-49E2-9393-87E1181F30DA" family="Serranidae" genus="Isobuna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Isobuna Jordan 1907:158" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Isobuna</taxonomicName>
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in the subfamily Anthiinae of the Serranidae. That these two genera should have been placed in the
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<taxonomicName id="8C8E04D87595C612A598CF93949BB9FC" family="Cirrhitidae" pageNumber="3" rank="family">Cirrhitidae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="8C8E04D87595C612A598CF93949BB9FC" family="Cirrhitidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cirrhitidae</taxonomicName>
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is not as serious an error as it might seem. Jordan & Evermann (1898) wrote with respect to the cirrhitoid fishes, “This family should apparently be placed among the Percoidea near the Serranidae....This group agrees with the Percoidea in most respects, the chief external difference lying in the form of the pectorals,...” They quoted
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<normalizedToken id="C6B27634BE8181C8A57CD47BA49B6E88" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
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’s description of the skeleton of
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