+
+| 1 |
+
+Basiliform prosternum (Fig.
+1
+); tergite 1 with semicircular groove; ♀ sternite 8 with 2 small sclerites located on the meson Fig.
+3
+); presence of sclerotised ring of ventral vagina wall; surstylus without microtrichia.
+
+Sphyracephala brevicornis
+
+species group
+ |
+
+2
+ |
+
+
+| – |
+
+Precoxal bridge (Fig.
+2
+); tergite 1 with two longitudinal grooves; ♀ sternite 8 with 2 large, rectangular, plates, well separated on the meson Fig.
+4
+); absence of sclerotised ring of ventral vagina wall; surstylus with microtrichia on outer side.
+
+Sphyracephala hearseiana
+
+species group
+ |
+
+6
+ |
+
+
+| 2 |
+
+Distinct wing markings (Figs
+82
+,
+116
+) including apical wing spot and central wing band running from vein R 1 to posterior margin; eye span / body ratio: 0.38–0.44; sexual monomorphy with regard to eye span (D = 0.01–0.04); scutellar spine / scutellum ratio: 0.54–0.75; apical seta / scutellar spine ratio: 2.8–3.9
+ |
+
+3
+ |
+
+
+| – |
+
+None or vague wing markings (Figs
+12
+,
+59
+); if markings present, central spot running from below vein R 2 + 3 to posterior end of crossvein dm-m; eye span / body ratio: 0.52–0.67; sexual dimorphy with regard to eye span (D = 0.33–0.39); scutellar spine / scutellum ratio: 0.41–0.44; apical seta / scutellar spine ratio: 5.4–6.1
+ |
+
+5
+ |
+
+
+| 3 |
+
+Central wing band proximally extending to crossvein r-m and from there to vein R 1 creating pale anterior wing spot (Fig.
+82
+); inner side of fore femur brown with darker apical half; surstyli articulate, elongate (Figs
+94
+,
+95
+,
+l / w
+ratio: 4.7); Far Eastern Siberia, North-Eastern China
+ |
+
+
+Sphyracephala nigrimana
+
+ |
+
+
+| – |
+
+Central wing band proximally just extending to crossvein r-m (Figs
+116
+,
+121
+); inner side of fore femur almost uniformly blackish brown or brown with broad transverse darker band; surstyli fused to epandrium; surstyli oblong (
+l / w
+ratio: ~ 1.9–2.2); Canada, USA
+ |
+
+4
+ |
+
+
+| 4 |
+
+Distinct apical wing spot, vague infuscation posterior to base of subcostal cell (Fig.
+116
+); fore femur with two rows of spinous bristles, uniformly blackish brown with pale base and apex;
+l / w
+ratio of fore femur ~ 2.66; surstylus oblong in lateral view
+ |
+
+
+Sphyracephala brevicornis
+
+ |
+
+
+| – |
+
+Only slight infuscation at wing apex, distinct spot posterior to base of subcostal cell (Fig.
+121
+); fore femur with one row of spinous bristles, yellowish brown with brown spots;
+l / w
+ratio of fore femur ~ 2.43; surstylus oblong to spatula-shaped (depending on angle of view) in lateral view
+ |
+
+
+Sphyracephala subbifasciata
+
+ |
+
+
+| 5 |
+
+Overall clothed in sparse, small white setulae; small eye span (1.7–2.2 mm) in ♀ and ♂ (respectively, ~ 52 % and ~ 60 % of body lengths); wing almost transparent with vague brown central and apical spots;
+l / w
+ratio of fore femur 2.7–2.9; inner side of fore femur with centrally a broad, dark transverse band; ♀ cerci rather elongate,
+l / w
+ratio: ~ 3.2, remarkably curled upward; surstyli rectangular,
+l / w
+ratio: ~ 1.5–1.7; Balkan and Caucasus regions
+ |
+
+
+Sphyracephala babadjanidesi
+
+ |
+
+
+| – |
+
+Overall clothed in long dark setulae; small eye span (2.5–2.7 mm) in ♀ and ♂ (respectively ~ 61 % and ~ 67 % of body length); wing transparent, without spots;
+l / w
+ratio of fore femur 3.4–3.9; inner side of fore femur with dark fine, longitudinal stripe on central third; ♀ cerci elongate,
+l / w
+ratio: ~ 4.6, not curled upward; surstyli elongate,
+l / w
+ratio: ~ 2.8; Afrotropical Region
+ |
+
+
+Sphyracephala munroi
+
+ |
+
+
+| 6 |
+Large inner vertical setae; transparent wing without spots; vein M 4 normally extending beyond crossvein dm-m; pale, whitish scutellar spines; scutellar spine / scutellum ratio: 0.48–0.56; apical seta / scutellar spine ratio: 3.60–3.91; articulate surstyli |
+
+7
+ |
+
+
+| – |
+Inner vertical setae absent; wing with large brown apical wing spot (~ 40 % of wing length) and large central spot; vein M 4 not extending beyond crossvein dm-m; dark scutellar spines; scutellar spine / scutellum ratio: 0.88–1.15; apical seta / scutellar spine ratio: 2.50–2.93; surstyli fused to epandrium with suture visible |
+
+8
+ |
+
+
+| 7 |
+
+Epandrium semi-circular with square posterior corners (Fig.
+132
+); surstyli posteriorly directed, slender, sickle-shaped, strongly tapering towards apex (Fig.
+133
+); sternite 7 with peculiar small invagination anteromedially (see
+Kumar 1978 b
+: fig. 2); ♀ cercus with
+l / w
+ratio: ~ 2.5
+ |
+
+
+Sphyracephala hearseiana
+
+ |
+
+
+| – |
+
+Epandrium almost circular (Fig.
+48
+); surstyli medially directed, apices almost touching, apically acute with an upturned apex (Fig.
+49
+); ♀ sternite 7 without invagination anteromedially; ♀ cercus with
+l / w
+ratio: ~ 1.9
+ |
+
+
+Sphyracephala beccarii
+
+ |
+
+
+| 8 |
+
+Dark apical wing spot in cell r 4 + 5 proximally extending to halfway the cell (Fig.
+138
+); central crossband quite narrow, in cell r 4 + 5 ~ 1 / 7 of cell length; apical wing spot marginally linked to central wing band along veins M 1 and R 4 + 5; very pale preapical wing band almost uninterrupted and striking; dark apex of fore femur on dorsal side extending to ~ 25 % of femur length
+ |
+
+
+Sphyracephala detrahens
+
+ |
+
+
+| – |
+
+Dark apical wing spot in cell r 4 + 5 proximally extending to almost crossvein dm-m (Fig.
+147
+); central crossband quite broad, in cell r 4 + 5 ~ 1 / 4 of cell length apical wing spot broadly linked to central wing band along veins M 1 and R 4 + 5; pale preapical wing band interrupted giving three pale spots with a vague central one in cell r 4 + 5; dark apex of fore femur on dorsal side extending to ~ 40 % of femur length
+ |
+
+
+Sphyracephala bipunctipennis
+
+ |
+
+
+