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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1119.85400" ID-GBIF-Dataset="418bd521-e4b9-4ee6-981f-a6f471eab287" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1119-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F158A7C5261D52B69288A62F3C777CAF" ID-ZooBank="A3BE91C6B79344E1A886A803BF104D8B" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1119-1" checkinTime="1661532673136" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jirapatrasilp, Parin, Sutcharit, Chirasak &amp; Panha, Somsak" docDate="2022" docId="FCE50968C6675EA38B4BD515E13746FF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1119: 1-115" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1119" docPubDate="2022-08-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1119.85400" docTitle="Pupina lowi Morgan 1885" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="F158A7C5261D52B69288A62F3C777CAF" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="F158A7C5261D52B69288A62F3C777CAF" masterDocTitle="Annotated checklist of the operculated land snails from Thailand (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda): the family Pupinidae, with descriptions of several new species and subspecies, and notes on classification of Pupina Vignard, 1829 and Pupinella Gray, 1850 from mainland Southeast Asia" masterLastPageNumber="115" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1661537468408" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Annotated checklist of the operculated land snails from Thailand (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda): the family Pupinidae, with descriptions of several new species and subspecies, and notes on classification of Pupina Vignard, 1829 and Pupinella Gray, 1850 from mainland Southeast Asia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jirapatrasilp, Parin</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5591-6724</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sutcharit, Chirasak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jirasak4@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand &amp; Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">somsak.pan@chula.ac.th</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-08-25</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1119</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>115</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1119.85400</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1119.85400</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1119-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="199838974" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FCE50968C6675EA38B4BD515E13746FF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FCE50968C6675EA38B4BD515E13746FF" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="FCE50968-C667-5EA3-8B4B-D515E13746FF" authority="Morgan, 1885" authorityName="Morgan" authorityYear="1885" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina lowi" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lowi">Pupina lowi Morgan, 1885</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figure 37. Shells of Pupina aureola species group from mainland Southeast Asia. A-C Pupina tchehelensis: specimens A SMF 109947 / 6 B CUMZ 12135, and C CUMZ 12136 D, E Pupina latisulci sp. nov. D holotype CUMZ 12146 / 1 and E paratype CUMZ 12146 / 2 F-I Pupina paviei F paralectotype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 35837 G paralectotype RBINS 525404, and specimens H CUMZ 12134 and I NHMUK ex. Dautzenberg coll. J Pupina tongupensis, syntype NHMUK 1906.4.4.38 K Pupina lowi, syntype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 35846 L Pupina anceyi, syntype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 35833 M Pupina laffonti, syntype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 9656 N Pupina solidula, lectotype SMF 109915 / 1 O Pupina douvillei, holotype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 35532. Photo: M. Caballer, P. Maestrati, MNHN (F, K-O), F. Trus, RBINS (G), J. Ablett, H. Taylor, NHM (J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1119.85400.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/735398" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 37K</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figure 40. A, B Pupina latisulci sp. nov. A holotype CUMZ 12146 / 1 and B paratype CUMZ 12146 / 2 from Khao Ok Talu, Phatthalung C, D Pupina stoliczkai sp. nov. C holotype CUMZ 12147 / 1 and D paratype NHMUK 20210336 from Wat Ratburana School, Chumpon E Pupina lowi, syntype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 35846 from Lahat, Perak F Pupina dorri dorri, paralectotype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 35836 from Haiphong, Vietnam. Photo: P. Maestrati, MNHN (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1119.85400.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/735401" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 40E</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Morgan" authorityYear="1885" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina lowi" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lowi">Pupina lowi</taxonomicName>
Morgan, 1885: 414, pl. 7, fig. 3a-d. Type locality: Lahat, Kinta [Perak State, Malaysia].
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1891.tb01757.x" author="von Moellendorff, OF" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="330 - 348" refId="B191" refString="von Moellendorff, OF, 1891. On the land and freshwater shells of Perak. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 59 (3): 330 - 348, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1891.tb01757.x" title="On the land and freshwater shells of Perak." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1891.tb01757.x" volume="59" year="1891">
von
<normalizedToken originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
1891
</bibRefCitation>
: 345.
<bibRefCitation author="Sykes, ER" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="194 - 199" refId="B160" refString="Sykes, ER, 1903. On the land operculate mollusks collected during the &quot;Skeat Expedition&quot; to the Malay peninsula in 1899-1900. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1903: 194 - 199" title="On the land operculate mollusks collected during the &quot; Skeat Expedition &quot; to the Malay peninsula in 1899 - 1900." volume="1903" year="1903">Sykes 1903</bibRefCitation>
: 197, Gunong Inas, Perak.
<bibRefCitation author="van Benthem Jutting, WSS" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Raffles Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="50 - 77" refId="B180" refString="van Benthem Jutting, WSS, 1949. On a collection of non-marine Mollusca from Malaya in the Raffles Museum, Singapore, with an appendix on cave shells. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 19: 50 - 77" title="On a collection of non-marine Mollusca from Malaya in the Raffles Museum, Singapore, with an appendix on cave shells." volume="19" year="1949">van Benthem Jutting 1949</bibRefCitation>
: 57, Larut Mills, Perak.
<bibRefCitation author="van Benthem Jutting, WSS" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="10 - 20" refId="B181" refString="van Benthem Jutting, WSS, 1960. Some notes on land and freshwater Mollusca of Malaya. Basteria 24: 10 - 20" title="Some notes on land and freshwater Mollusca of Malaya." volume="24" year="1960">van Benthem Jutting 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 13, limestone hill Kaki Bukit, near kampong Wang Tangga, Perlis [Malaysia].
<bibRefCitation author="Maassen, WJM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B87" refString="Maassen, WJM, 2001. A preliminary checklist of the non-marine molluscs of West-Malaysia, A handlist. De Kreukel (Supplement): 1-155." title="A preliminary checklist of the non-marine molluscs of West-Malaysia, A handlist. De Kreukel (Supplement): 1 - 155." year="2001">Maassen 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 41.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Morgan" authorityYear="1885" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina (Tylotoechus) lowi" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lowi" subGenus="Tylotoechus">Pupina (Tylotoechus) lowi</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Friedlaender und Sohn, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B76" refString="Kobelt, W, 1902. Cyclophoridae. Das Tierreich. R. Friedlaender und Sohn, Berlin" title="Cyclophoridae. Das Tierreich. R." year="1902">Kobelt 1902</bibRefCitation>
: 317.
<bibRefCitation author="Laidlaw, FF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 37" refId="B82" refString="Laidlaw, FF, 1928. A list of the land and fresh-water mollusca of the Malay Peninsula with notes. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 6: 25 - 37" title="A list of the land and fresh-water mollusca of the Malay Peninsula with notes." volume="6" year="1928">Laidlaw 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 34.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina artata" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="artata">Pupina artata</taxonomicName>
[non Benson]-
<bibRefCitation author="Berry, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B11" refString="Berry, AJ, 1963. An introduction to the non-marine molluscs of Malaya. Malayan Nature Journal 17: 1 - 17" title="An introduction to the non-marine molluscs of Malaya." volume="17" year="1963">Berry 1963</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 6, fig. 36.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.12999" author="Foon, JK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 94" refId="B48" refString="Foon, JK, Clements, GR, Liew, T-S, 2017. Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the limestone hills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. ZooKeys 682: 1 - 94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.12999" title="Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the limestone hills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.12999" volume="682" year="2017">Foon et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 40, fig. 15b, Ipoh, Perak.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Syntype</emphasis>
MNHN-IM-2000-35846 (1 shell; Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figure 37. Shells of Pupina aureola species group from mainland Southeast Asia. A-C Pupina tchehelensis: specimens A SMF 109947 / 6 B CUMZ 12135, and C CUMZ 12136 D, E Pupina latisulci sp. nov. D holotype CUMZ 12146 / 1 and E paratype CUMZ 12146 / 2 F-I Pupina paviei F paralectotype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 35837 G paralectotype RBINS 525404, and specimens H CUMZ 12134 and I NHMUK ex. Dautzenberg coll. J Pupina tongupensis, syntype NHMUK 1906.4.4.38 K Pupina lowi, syntype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 35846 L Pupina anceyi, syntype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 35833 M Pupina laffonti, syntype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 9656 N Pupina solidula, lectotype SMF 109915 / 1 O Pupina douvillei, holotype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 35532. Photo: M. Caballer, P. Maestrati, MNHN (F, K-O), F. Trus, RBINS (G), J. Ablett, H. Taylor, NHM (J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1119.85400.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/735398" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">37K</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figure 40. A, B Pupina latisulci sp. nov. A holotype CUMZ 12146 / 1 and B paratype CUMZ 12146 / 2 from Khao Ok Talu, Phatthalung C, D Pupina stoliczkai sp. nov. C holotype CUMZ 12147 / 1 and D paratype NHMUK 20210336 from Wat Ratburana School, Chumpon E Pupina lowi, syntype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 35846 from Lahat, Perak F Pupina dorri dorri, paralectotype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 35836 from Haiphong, Vietnam. Photo: P. Maestrati, MNHN (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1119.85400.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/735401" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">40E</figureCitation>
) from Lahat, Perak.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell globose; last whorl ca. three quarters of shell height. Apertural lip slightly thickened but not expanded. Parietal tooth sharp, tooth-like, thickened; columellar tooth fin-shaped, thickened, located next to slit-like anterior canal. Posterior canal gradually widening like keyhole.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Morgan" authorityYear="1885" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina lowi" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lowi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina lowi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. tchehelensis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tchehelensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. tchehelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. brachysoma" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brachysoma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brachysoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a sharp, tooth-like, thickened parietal tooth, a fin-shaped, thickened columellar tooth that is located next to a slit-like anterior canal, and a posterior canal that is gradually widening. However,
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. lowi" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lowi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. lowi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is different from
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. tchehelensis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tchehelensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. tchehelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a more globose shell shape, and different from
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. brachysoma" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brachysoma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brachysoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that an apertural lip is not expanded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Perak and Perlis States, Malaysia (
<bibRefCitation author="Maassen, WJM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B87" refString="Maassen, WJM, 2001. A preliminary checklist of the non-marine molluscs of West-Malaysia, A handlist. De Kreukel (Supplement): 1-155." title="A preliminary checklist of the non-marine molluscs of West-Malaysia, A handlist. De Kreukel (Supplement): 1 - 155." year="2001">Maassen 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
By comparing with the type specimen, the specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. artata" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="artata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. artata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
figured in
<bibRefCitation author="Berry, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B11" refString="Berry, AJ, 1963. An introduction to the non-marine molluscs of Malaya. Malayan Nature Journal 17: 1 - 17" title="An introduction to the non-marine molluscs of Malaya." volume="17" year="1963">Berry (1963</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 6, fig. 36) and
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.12999" author="Foon, JK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 94" refId="B48" refString="Foon, JK, Clements, GR, Liew, T-S, 2017. Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the limestone hills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. ZooKeys 682: 1 - 94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.12999" title="Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the limestone hills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.12999" volume="682" year="2017">Foon et al. (2017</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 15b) from Bat Cave Hill Plot 2, Ipoh, Perak should belong to
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. lowi" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lowi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. lowi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Foon, pers. comm.). The specimen of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. lowi" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lowi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. lowi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
figured in
<bibRefCitation author="Bavay, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Conchyliologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B8" refString="BEDO (2017) Land Snails: Checklist of Molluscan Biodiversity in Thailand.BEDO, Bangkok, 300 pp. [in Thai]" year="1904">BEDO (2017</bibRefCitation>
: 91) should constitute a different species as it is different from the syntype figured here in having a smaller, sharper parietal tooth revealing a wide posterior canal and an earlobe-shaped columellar tooth covering the anterior canal. Thus, that specimen should belong to the
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. arula" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. arula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group instead (see above).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

142
data/FC/E5/8C/FCE58C191830352CF6D5CEB75A2683FF.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
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<mods:namePart>Ofwegen, Leen P. van</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Benayahu, Yehuda</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>McFadden, Catherine S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>272</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>29</mods:start>
<mods:end>59</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.272.4406</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-272-29</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152041056" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2DE6BD04-F415-48CB-AFB5-ABF3EF9BA63D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FCE58C191830352CF6D5CEB75A2683FF" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2DE6BD04-F415-48CB-AFB5-ABF3EF9BA63D" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia eilatensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eilatensis">Sinularia eilatensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="34">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E6–">A-E6-</normalizedToken>
9
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="34" type="type material examined">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Type material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">holotype ZMTAU Co 35260, Israel, Red Sea, northern Gulf of Aqaba, Eilat, IUI (the Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat) reef, depth 6 m, coll. Y. Benayahu, 10 January 2011; paratypes: ZMTAU Co 35261, same data as holotype; ZMTAU Co 35305, same data as holotype, 30 May 2011.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Other material examined: ZMTAU Co 35303-04, Israel, Red Sea, northern Gulf of Aqaba, Eilat, IUI reef, depth 5 m, coll. Y. Benayahu, 30 May 2011.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">The holotype is 3.4 cm high and wide (Fig. 5A). The primary lobes branch off once or twice, lobules finger-shaped, up to 2 mm wide and 1 cm long.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">The polyps have a collaret and eight points. Points with poorly developed clubs, up to 0.25 mm long (Fig. 6A), collaret with bent spindles, up to 0.25 mm long (Fig. 6B) Tentacles with rods, about 0.05 mm long (Fig. 6C).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">The surface layer of the lobules has leptoclados-type clubs, the smallest are 0.07 mm long, most are around 0.10 mm, but some reach a length of 0.15 mm (Fig. 6D); in addition longer wart clubs are present, up to 0.25 mm long (Fig. 6E). Furthermore, the surface layer of the lobules has spindles, up to 0.35 mm long, with simple tubercles (Fig. 6F).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">The sclerites of the surface layer of the base of the colony resemble those of the surface layer of the lobules but they are wider (Fig. 7).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
The interior of the colony has mostly unbranched spindles, a few have one or two side branches. In the lobules they are up to 2.5 mm long (Fig. 8A), with simple or complex tubercles (Fig. 8B). In the base of the colony the spindles are up to 2 mm long (Fig. 8
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
), with more complex tubercles (Fig. 8E).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
Figure 5.
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia eilatensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eilatensis">Sinularia eilatensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., colonies. A ZMTAU Co 35260, holotype B ZMTAU Co 35261, paratype C ZMTAU Co 35305, paratype D ZMTAU Co 35303 E ZMTAU Co 35304 F
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia verseveldti" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verseveldti">Sinularia verseveldti</taxonomicName>
, ZMTAU Co 35309.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
Figure 6.
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia eilatensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eilatensis">Sinularia eilatensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype ZMTAU Co 35260. A point clubs B collaret spindles C tentacle rods Dleptoclados-type clubs of surface layer of lobule E wart clubs of surface layer of lobule F spindles of surface layer of lobule. Scale of 0.10 mm at F only applies to F.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
Figure 7.
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia eilatensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eilatensis">Sinularia eilatensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype ZMTAU Co 35260. Sclerites of the surface layer of the base of the colony. Aleptoclados-type clubs B wart clubs C spindles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
Figure 8.
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia eilatensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eilatensis">Sinularia eilatensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype ZMTAU Co 35260. Sclerites of the interior A spindles from the lobules B tuberculation of one of the lobule spindles
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
spindles from the base E tuberculation of one of the base spindles. Scale at D only applies to D.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
Figure 9.
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia eilatensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eilatensis">Sinularia eilatensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., ZMTAU Co 35304. A point clubs B collaret spindles Cleptoclados-type clubs of surface layer of lobule D wart clubs of surface layer of lobule E spindles of surface layer of lobule F interior spindles of lobule G tuberculation of one of the lobule spindles. Scale of 0.10 mm at E only applies to E, 1 mm scale at F only to F.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="34" type="colour">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Colour.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">The preserved holotype is dark brown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="34" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Named after Eilat, the type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="35" type="intraspecific variation">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="35" start="start">Intraspecific</pageBreakToken>
variation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="35">ZMTAU Co 35305 (Fig. 5C) has distinctly longer lobules, up to 2 cm long.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="35" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
The speciesis unique among
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Sinularia</taxonomicName>
species with leptoclados-type clubs by its very long point and collaret sclerites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
We excluded ZMTAU Co 35303-04 (Fig. 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
) from the type series. Morphologically we could not find a difference between these two specimens and the types, but their mitochondrial gene haplotypes differ by 0.5%. For comparison, we also present sclerites of ZMTAU Co 35304 (Fig. 9).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Taeniogonalos_alticola" authority="Tsuneki, 1991" authorityName="Tsuneki" authorityYear="1991" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos alticola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">Taeniogonalos alticola (Tsuneki, 1991)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="71" pageNumber="72">re-instated</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 267-302
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taiwanogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taiwanogonalos alticola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">Taiwanogonalos alticola</taxonomicName>
Tsuneki, 1991: 42. Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation author="Carmean, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" pagination="35 - 76" title="Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera)." url="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" volume="23" year="1998">Carmean and Kimsey 1998</bibRefCitation>
with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos maga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maga">Taeniogonalos maga</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taiwanogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taiwanogonalos minima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minima">Taiwanogonalos minima</taxonomicName>
Tsuneki, 1991: 43. Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation author="Carmean, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" pagination="35 - 76" title="Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera)." url="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" volume="23" year="1998">Carmean and Kimsey 1998</bibRefCitation>
with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos maga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maga">Taeniogonalos maga</taxonomicName>
. Syn. n.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taiwanogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taiwanogonalos similis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">Taiwanogonalos similis</taxonomicName>
Tsuneki, 1991: 45. Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation author="Carmean, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" pagination="35 - 76" title="Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera)." url="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" volume="23" year="1998">Carmean and Kimsey 1998</bibRefCitation>
with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos maga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maga">Taeniogonalos maga</taxonomicName>
. Syn. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos alticola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">Taeniogonalos alticola</taxonomicName>
, ♂ (OMNH), &quot;[China:] Taiwan, 27.V.1929, K. Sato&quot;, &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taiwanogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taiwanogonalos alticola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">Taiwanogonalos alticola</taxonomicName>
Tsuneki, ♂, holotype&quot;. Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos minima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minima">Taeniogonalos minima</taxonomicName>
, ♂ (OMNH), same label data, but &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taiwanogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taiwanogonalos minima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minima">Taiwanogonalos minima</taxonomicName>
Tsuneki, ♂, holotype&quot;. Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos similis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">Taeniogonalos similis</taxonomicName>
, ♂ (OMNH), same label data, but &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taiwanogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taiwanogonalos similis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">Taiwanogonalos similis</taxonomicName>
Tsuneki, ♂, holotype&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Outer side of supra-antennal elevations comparatively steep (angle about 45°) and elevations about 0.5 times as long as scapus and area between elevations distinctly concave (Fig. 269); occipital carina narrow, non-lamelliform and smooth medio-dorsally or nearly so (Fig. 269); head anteriorly and posteriorly, mesosoma dorsally and pronotum laterally entirely black (Figs 268, 269, 274, 275); vertex largely smooth and strongly shiny (Fig. 269); mesoscutum weakly sculptured (Fig. 274); notauli crenulate posteriorly (Fig. 274); scutellum entirely black (Fig. 274); metanotum of male black medially (Fig. 274); fore wing of male subhyaline (Fig. 272; female unknown); propodeum comparatively slender (Fig. 274); propodeal foramen comparatively narrow and posterior propodeal carina distinctly arched (Fig. 274); first metasomal tergite with wide ivory band or pair of patches posteriorly (Fig. 276); second sternite of male slightly convex medio-posteriorly and entirely dark brown (Fig. 278); third sternite of female unknown; metasoma dorsally largely dark brown, only first tergite apically and seventh tergite ivory (Fig. 276).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
Figures 267-270.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos alticola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">Taeniogonalos alticola</taxonomicName>
(Tsuneki, 1991), holotype, male. 267 Habitus lateral 268 head anterior 269 head dorsal 270 antenna.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
Figures 271-278.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos alticola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">Taeniogonalos alticola</taxonomicName>
(Tsuneki, 1991), holotype, male. 271 Tyloids on 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="th–">th-</normalizedToken>
16th segments of antenna 272 fore wing 273 head lateral 274 mesosoma dorsal 275 mesosoma lateral 276 metasoma dorsal 277 metasoma lateral 278 metasoma ventral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
Figures 279-282.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos minima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minima">Taeniogonalos minima</taxonomicName>
(Tsuneki, 1991), holotype, male. 279 Habitus lateral 280 head anterior 281 head dorsal 282 antenna.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
Figures 283-290.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos minima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minima">Taeniogonalos minima</taxonomicName>
(Tsuneki, 1991), holotype, male. 283 Tyloids on 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="th–">th-</normalizedToken>
16th segments of antenna 284 fore wing 285 head lateral 286 mesosoma dorsal 287 mesosoma lateral 288 metasoma dorsal 289 metasoma lateral 290 metasoma ventral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
Figures 291-293.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos similis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">Taeniogonalos similis</taxonomicName>
(Tsuneki, 1991), holotype, male. 291 Habitus lateral 292 head anterior 293 head dorsal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
Figures 294-302.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos similis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">Taeniogonalos similis</taxonomicName>
(Tsuneki, 1991), holotype, male. 294 Antenna 295 tyloids on 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="th–">th-</normalizedToken>
16th segments of antenna 296 head lateral 297 mesosoma dorsal 298 mesosoma lateral 299 metasoma dorsal 300 metasoma lateral 301 metasoma ventral 302 fore wing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos alticola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">Taeniogonalos alticola</taxonomicName>
, male, length of body 6.0 mm (of fore wing 5.4 mm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<pageBreakToken pageId="72" pageNumber="73" start="start">Head</pageBreakToken>
. Antenna incomplete, with 11 segments remaining; frons moderately punctate with smooth interspaces much wider than width of punctures; vertex sparsely punctulate and strongly shiny (Fig. 269), with rather long setae; temple largely smooth with few punctures at orbita (Fig. 273); head gradually narrowed behind eyes, eye in dorsal view nearly as long as temple (Fig. 269); occipital carina narrow, non-lamelliform, smooth (Fig. 269); supra-antennal elevations medium-sized (about 0.5 times as long as scapus), outer side distinctly oblique (angle about 45°) carinate and with few punctures and rugae (Fig. 269); area between elevations distinctly concave (Fig. 269); clypeus distinctly concave and thick medio-ventrally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<pageBreakToken pageId="73" pageNumber="74" start="start">Mesosoma</pageBreakToken>
. Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height (Fig. 275); mesopleuron densely and finely obliquely rugulose, but smooth posteriorly, rather shiny; transverse mesopleural groove narrow, shallow and anteriorly crenulate; notauli narrow, rather deep and finely crenulate posteriorly; middle lobe of mesoscutum irregularly transversely rugose, lateral lobes rugulose laterally, coriaceous medially and with satin sheen (Fig. 274); scutellar sulcus complete, narrow and narrowly crenulate; scutellum rather flat and moderately rugose but smooth and shiny posteriorly, anteriorly near level of mesoscutum; metanotum medially distinctly convex and finely rugose (Fig. 274); propodeum comparatively slender and flat, anteriorly irregularly finely rugose and posteriorly largely smooth (Fig. 274); posterior propodeal carina distinctly arched, narrow lamelliform, foramen comparatively narrow (Fig. 274) and as high as wide basally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Wings. Fore wing: vein 1-M 1.4 times as long as vein 1-SR (Fig. 272), distinctly curved and vein 1-SR narrow anteriorly; second submarginal cell 1.5 times as long as third cell.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Metasoma. First tergite 0.8 times as long as apically wide, smooth and with shallow wide depression medially (Fig. 276); second and following tergites superficially punctate and strongly shiny (Fig. 276); second sternite slightly convex, superficially and rather sparsely punctate (Fig. 278); third sternite without depression.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Colour. Black or dark brown; outer orbita slightly brownish (Fig. 268); mandibles largely dark brown; palpi, pronotum postero-dorsally and tegulae brown; first tergite widely posteriorly and seventh tergite ivory (Fig. 276); antenna mainly, legs and pterostigma dark brown; fore wing membrane subhyaline (Fig. 272).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Female. Unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
Variation. Holotypes of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos minima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minima">Taeniogonalos minima</taxonomicName>
and of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos similis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">Taeniogonalos similis</taxonomicName>
are very similar to the holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos alticola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">Taeniogonalos alticola</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalyidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos minima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minima">Taeniogonalos minima</taxonomicName>
has the antenna with 22 segments and longitudinal tyloids on 10th-13th segments (Fig. 283); mesoscutal lobes largely smooth and shiny or rugose; mesopleuron smooth (except antero-dorsally) to obliquely finely rugulose; seventh tergite brown or ivory; length of body 4.8-6.0 mm and of fore wing 4.4-5.4 mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Unknown. Collected in May.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">China (Taiwan).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="8651A5208922E32DC10525E0907811ED" pageNumber="352">
<taxonomicName id="789B98118E9E07E725C8403EB5CF21F3" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pyramica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olsoni-group">olsoni-group</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A8913054ED46FA887C798F5E23C8B886" pageNumber="352">DIAGNOSIS OF WORKER</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B97D1DA099057AFBF8BE96FE02252410" pageNumber="352">Mandibles in full-face view and at full closure triangular, stoutly constructed, serially dentate and engaging throughout their lengths. In profile the dorsal surface of the mandible distal of the clypeus markedly downcurved, its apical portion almost at a right-angle to the long axis of the head. In ventral view the outer mandibular margin with a weak inflected prebasal angle. MI 17 - 19.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC4CE476BDA81F6EBE117C806813CA24" pageNumber="352">Dentition. With 6 stout conical recurved teeth basally, followed by a series of 4 denticles to give a total dental count of 10. Posterior margin of basal tooth fused to anterior margin of basal lamella for part of its height.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F5C98B9D82E8C9BDE4263A3971E29F63" lastPageNumber="353" pageNumber="352">Basal lamella of mandible a broad high truncated lobe that is taller than the basal three teeth; not visible when mandibles fully closed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AAD084025C068E1D5BA3C5354BCFB071" pageNumber="353">Labrum terminates in a pair of broad flat lobes that are bluntly rounded and separated by a marked median impression.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77AF5662AB2BBA4FC803068B6AA398A5" pageNumber="353">Clypeus with anterior margin broad and transverse. Lateral margins of clypeus slightly convergent posteriorly. Outer margins of mandibles intersect the anterior clypeal margin very close to the clypeal anterolateral angles.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="15CB72A758D03EE2F9A5743ADDD1FD8D" pageNumber="353">Clypeal dorsum with minute appressed hairs. Lateral margins without freely projecting hairs of any form.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4AB727BAD8BB7F44E652E945F1B399D" pageNumber="353">Preocular carina only visible through notch between clypeus and frontal lobe in full-face view, behind this overhung and concealed by the frontal lobe and frontal carina.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB4555E97437828FEF84DF8D3F5BFFA3" pageNumber="353">Ventrolateral border of head marginate in front of the eye, the margination concave and terminating anteriorly in a small tooth. Postbuccal impression deep and conspicuous.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A5EFC3744144A6E76132A6B20BB3A7B" pageNumber="353">Cuticle of side of head within scrobe smooth and shining.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3136D2ACCD67C7DDB61AA9DDFFFF7D5F" pageNumber="353">Scape short, SI 55 - 60, slightly dorsoventrally flattened and with a sharp leading edge that is shallowly convex.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D75FA36D19FFEC4E987DD6F55C875EB" pageNumber="353">Leading edge of scape with minute appressed hairs that are directed toward the apex of the scape.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF5864F7AFFF8FD1B3E1A76D58E110B0" pageNumber="353">Pronotum without a median longitudinal carina, not marginate laterally, the dorsum transversely convex.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB2AACB0AFCBECC8B7BF3C22AA924180" pageNumber="353">Spongiform appendages present on petiole and postpetiole, almost lamelliform. Base of first gastral sternite without trace of spongiform tissue.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="80FAA31870FC80FAB704A37AF5EDA04B" pageNumber="353">Pilosity. Apicoscrobal hair short, simple and stiff. Pronotal humeral hair long and filiform.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7397DD112C721EDA76D82E0F4B2A4BB1" pageNumber="353">Dorsal (outer) surfaces of tibiae with minute closely applied pubescence only.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D7D2B9C5ACB043BAE0727E964003C22B" pageNumber="353">Flagellate hairs entirely absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CFD0A14065B2A7807FEF2612A8318716" pageNumber="353">
The sole
<taxonomicName id="583A3826D56662FBEA05233C3FEA6555" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146444" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pyramica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyramica Roger" lsidName-HNS="Pyramica Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pyramica</taxonomicName>
species currently known from Madagascar that has broad labral lobes and bear trap-like mandibles with fewer than 12 teeth and denticles in total.
<taxonomicName id="B3EE8B7784D091116127E45973DD2F1C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:156484" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pyramica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyramica olsoni Bolton" lsidName-HNS="Pyramica olsoni Bolton" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olsoni">P. olsoni</taxonomicName>
appears to be related to, or derived from, the Afrotropical loveridgei-group but has probably been isolated for a long time. The key characters will provide an instant diagnosis of this species.
</paragraph>
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