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<document id="232FE939E15AE5D794CE5FCE028B0E11" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2bf8b468-ae61-430b-8b00-3bd0750e8921" ModsDocID="z01129p023" checkinTime="1247230219934" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Ulrich K. Schliewen &amp; Frank Schäfer" docDate="2006" docId="FCE40701744E0C3F6F800185C5A674CA" docLanguage="en" docName="2006_Schliewen_Schäfer_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1129" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8B7CD44D-AC26-4FFE-A7CE-3C9521A6F556" docTitle="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="943F7E0D3B394CF28EC315D7DE05B4B2" masterDocTitle="Polypterus mokelembembe, a new species of bichir from the central Congo River basin (Actinopterygii: Cladistia: Polypteridae)." masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1701326069458" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5CB90C4D519D67404294F319361976D6">Polypterus mokelembembe, a new species of bichir from the central Congo River basin (Actinopterygii: Cladistia: Polypteridae).</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="725A4ACD92A1008E577EAE9F1BFA0FD3">Ulrich K. Schliewen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2CA463482B4CC714E7CF5B3A921F31D8">Frank Schäfer</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="FCE40701744E0C3F6F800185C5A674CA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6262469" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100122038" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6262469" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FCE40701744E0C3F6F800185C5A674CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FCE40701744E0C3F6F800185C5A674CA" lastPageNumber="32" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="DE4C9EDB4A4A455C98F206F3D81C825D" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2ADF20B42CB22045049D59E0E94FFB21">
[[
<taxonomicName id="A251866840061A63BA38A82B7F6D0568" ID-CoL="4LKQM" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant, 1899</taxonomicName>
]]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD22F11E2D914280EA39BB4D0E14D768" pageNumber="31">
Lectotype designation and rediagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="969B83404295C77290912AA2AFDD18D9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant, 1899</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9576EA4AF56CDFEE688A63FA90552C2D" lastPageNumber="32" pageNumber="31">
The species name
<taxonomicName id="1843356A359D7860E6E847870B6E6C55" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">retropinnis</taxonomicName>
has been applied, in the scientific literature (Gosse, 1988, Britz, 2004), both to specimens conspecific with Bertin´s “holotype” (of
<taxonomicName id="4A7AD5F22BE853DF2F35D41DC75FAC1B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">P. retropinnis</taxonomicName>
) and to specimens conspecific with the two remaining syntypes. Despite Bertin´s listing of the “holotype,” as well as a similar listing in Eschmeyer (1998:1443; and online catalogue), there is no indication that Vaillant designated a holotype in his original description of
<taxonomicName id="0740E6A64F408D323940A0C14E008416" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">Polypterus retropinnis</taxonomicName>
. Although Bertin's subsequent action could be interpreted as a lectotype designation, this runs counter to ICZN Article 74.5, which states that, for lectotype designations made before 2000, either the term “lectotype” or “the type” must be used. The article further states that “when the original work reveals that the taxon had been based on more than one specimen, a subsequent use of the term “holotype” does not constitute a valid lectotype designation ...” In order to firmly establish the species name
<taxonomicName id="2EEB16D3F3BFA4EC9BD92093EA913C2A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">retropinnis</taxonomicName>
, specimen MNHN 1886-295 is accordingly designated the lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="9429D646B8898995B1B6EE06D0FD5DA3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">Polypterus retropinnis</taxonomicName>
, and a rediagnosis of the species is included in this paper. The lectotype designation of this specimen follows recommendations 74A and 74B for Article 74.7 of the ICZN (1999), because this largest specimen of the type series is the first specimen that was illustrated (Boulenger, 1909), and because Bertin (1940) had referred to this specimen as the “holotype”. Although the latter act was nomenclatorially invalid, the intended restriction was implicitly accepted later by Britz (2004: 185), who listed specimen MNHN 1886-295 as “holotype,” and listed and illustrated specimen MNHN1886-297 as “paratype” (Britz, 2004: 184-185).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5EE9F0B79A646F30D979A74D3893ADF" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="BB047A0AAAD149587291BEF92C01F98D" pageNumber="32">
The following rediagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="E45D1B7140376212C59D4BB21D4EEC84" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">P. retropinnis</taxonomicName>
is provided since the type series of
<taxonomicName id="EB0F33F88A2DF9E5AD4A524172884A27" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">P. retropinnis</taxonomicName>
originally consisted of two species, one of which is herein described as
<taxonomicName id="3F0BD3F0A8DC1E9FD4B1C8B120798C63" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5897A803-BA6C-49B2-97B5-6D2E594E62AD" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus mokelembembe Schliewen &amp; Schäfer 2006" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mokelembembe">P. mokelembembe</taxonomicName>
. See Figs. lb-3b for general appearance.
<taxonomicName id="5B86FD347CD858BD069501A58E93073F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">Polypterus retropinnis</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from all other species of
<taxonomicName id="2614C0E039B9762495B9D6E04C5E82FF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B865A005-F1DE-4C23-BA3D-BFD3804C517A" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus Lacépède 1803:340" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Polypterus</taxonomicName>
except
<taxonomicName id="8D7685E2FF99B6F0C76CC3233854E6DB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5897A803-BA6C-49B2-97B5-6D2E594E62AD" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus mokelembembe Schliewen &amp; Schäfer 2006" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mokelembembe">P. mokelembembe</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BD22556120950956354668575D38414E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:76A406B4-9A2B-41FF-B2E1-1754CD0E6561" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus ornatipinnis Boulenger 1902:23" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatipinnis">P. ornatipinnis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7A7C49F5F73241985B1A3F100AD9BAF1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:850E8201-2A58-4BD9-9467-B6E059B078FD" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus teugelsi Britz 2004:180" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teugelsi">P. teugelsi</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="80BD7EB472C67B12C61D6C69EF5240F3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BBE9018A-D1F0-438C-BB44-392CCBA05333" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus palmas Ayres 1850:241" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmas">P. palmas</taxonomicName>
ssp. in having a high predorsal-scale count (26-34 vs. 11-25). It differs from
<taxonomicName id="F0981B12BEC70F539A43FB2A35B5F41F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:76A406B4-9A2B-41FF-B2E1-1754CD0E6561" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus ornatipinnis Boulenger 1902:23" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatipinnis">P. ornatipinnis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="288E5896AA18D05562C5F548EF32A979" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:850E8201-2A58-4BD9-9467-B6E059B078FD" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus teugelsi Britz 2004:180" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teugelsi">P. teugelsi</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9AF39F65B34772BD62EF1AB84BAB096B" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="palmas" subSpecies="polli">P. p. polli</taxonomicName>
in having 57-60 lateral-line scales (vs. 61-65 in
<taxonomicName id="76AE169ADEBB5538DC0C329766C11A8C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:76A406B4-9A2B-41FF-B2E1-1754CD0E6561" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus ornatipinnis Boulenger 1902:23" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatipinnis">P. ornatipinnis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="37A8457DBBDB11E9FD9533A3AE5544F7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:850E8201-2A58-4BD9-9467-B6E059B078FD" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus teugelsi Britz 2004:180" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teugelsi">P. teugelsi</taxonomicName>
and 52-55 in
<taxonomicName id="73EEA2833E2886E97491C10927781B34" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="palmas" subSpecies="polli">P. p. polli</taxonomicName>
), from
<taxonomicName id="7A902D274F4942DDCF23B88C16D375BE" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="palmas" subSpecies="palmas">Polypterus p. palmas</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="99236F9B3F0F82A22953CEF8D185AE0E" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="palmas" subSpecies="buettikoferi">P. p. buettikoferi</taxonomicName>
by having a single large black blotch on the pectoral-fin base (vs. numerous small spots on posterior part of base), and from
<taxonomicName id="1D0C854476662D09D80977EDBB70064D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5897A803-BA6C-49B2-97B5-6D2E594E62AD" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus mokelembembe Schliewen &amp; Schäfer 2006" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mokelembembe">P. mokelembembe</taxonomicName>
by having a narrower first dorsal fin-spine (4.6-6.1 vs. 6.4-8.1 % of HL), a greater internostril distance (14.3-18.0 vs. 11.6-13.7 % of HL), and more pectoral-fin rays (30-34 vs. 23-29). In addition, living specimens of
<taxonomicName id="656C0313124079A9073895FFB7FC8A86" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">P. retropinnis</taxonomicName>
differ from all congeners in their iris coloration, which consists of creamy white areas and black dots alternating with each other around the iris. However, this character state is rarely visible in preserved specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9ACEDEA84B772FC58043B02B924FF87D" lastPageNumber="33" pageNumber="32">
Remarks on the juvenile coloration of
<taxonomicName id="E180B156D095AA460D94A99821FA7B11" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">P. retropinnis</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 6). For different species of
<taxonomicName id="1BA5F3F076A30DC8306338B83115462F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B865A005-F1DE-4C23-BA3D-BFD3804C517A" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus Lacépède 1803:340" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Polypterus</taxonomicName>
, juvenile coloration (where known) may or may not differ strikingly from adult coloration (Boulenger, 1902, Britz &amp; Bartsch, 1999), but tends to be brighter and more contrasting as compared with large specimens. In
<taxonomicName id="8FF7106BE5DB5DBD1DB99AB168D56067" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5897A803-BA6C-49B2-97B5-6D2E594E62AD" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus mokelembembe Schliewen &amp; Schäfer 2006" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mokelembembe">Polypterus mokelembembe</taxonomicName>
, the smallest specimen available (MRAC 79224) already exhibits the adult coloration. In contrast, the coloration in juvenile
<taxonomicName id="0A42665D27595DA2379C4026C9912703" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">Polypterus retropinnis</taxonomicName>
differs strikingly from the adult coloration. In very small specimens (TL up to approx. 50 mm) the body is uniformly brown, with many light spots, whereas in larger specimens there is a pattern of dark crossbars on the back, with light interspaces. These crossbars merge with two to three narrow and ill-defined midlateral longitudinal stripes. At this stage, three dark horizontal stripes are present on the head, of which the uppermost and median stripes start immediately behind the eye and the lowermost starts below the bottom of the orbit. Remnants of the last stripe are retained in the adult coloration to form the “tearstripe,“ which is characteristic of many
<taxonomicName id="4A919F4638BC6B49777B7049734059C0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B865A005-F1DE-4C23-BA3D-BFD3804C517A" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus Lacépède 1803:340" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Polypterus</taxonomicName>
species (see
<normalizedToken id="D809EFB10ABABF387EC81F46C368BB13" originalValue="Schäfer">Schaefer</normalizedToken>
[2004] for additional photographs).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="635F96A4EFF435D2AD0C505494B38E95">Redescription of Gammaruspseudosyriacus (Karaman &amp; Pinkster, 1977) and description of a new subspecies from southern Iran (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1E6AE309D865FBDCA01008A4BF61E31A">Semsar-Kazerooni, Maryam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="765C0E8C19D66399DAC13A65921F2812">Zamanpoore, Mehrdad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D54F9E80010EF09266835C3E35E90CC3">Sadeghi, Saber</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="11C55B06A8BDBFA9868384150DE602F1" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Taxon classification Animalia Amphipoda Gammaridae</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="7202BB9D876C6582F93CA0D30883E37F" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="549495980C24DB35D78B712164D1A167" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="DB33B99B81D64977789722234187A74C" ID-CoL="7GT3T" authority="Karaman &amp; Pinkster, 1977" authorityName="Karaman &amp; Pinkster" authorityYear="1977" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gammarus pseudosyriacus" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pseudosyriacus" subSpecies="pseudosyriacus">Gammarus pseudosyriacus pseudosyriacus Karaman &amp; Pinkster, 1977</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6D18A10B9C0D1931B226E1862B1745F1" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="5BD200A46652E19E8560BCB4275A1BCE" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gammarus pseudosyriacus" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosyriacus">Gammarus pseudosyriacus</taxonomicName>
Karaman &amp; Pinkster, 1977: 55-58, fig. 22
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="AE708919D837DFD12CED445F9DE8D258" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="3421A7A236A6B9340E31411F22522DD0" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37E4D58C56B4929202260BE9C78B37A1" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
The type locality of
<taxonomicName id="4A3A74651A53053DACDB4A21B385FE0F" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gammarus pseudosyriacus" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosyriacus">Gammarus pseudosyriacus</taxonomicName>
Karaman &amp; Pinkster, 1977 is small pools in surroundings of Damascus. The samples were collected from springs and qanats of Zagros Mountains in October 2012. Location was Eghlid station (Rasoul Spring, Eghlid, Fars province, Iran,
<geoCoordinate id="392E49BD343DD4B272861E692698CF4A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.891">30°53'27.6&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="B796FC9DB92C4E0522CDB9FC4301092D" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="52.671753">52°40'18.3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, Altitude 2167 m) (Fig. 1). Leg. M. Semsar-Kazerooni.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D574CBBEF45090BD829EA524035D0F09" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<paragraph id="2ABB18B2E1CB270B0AFA8B30BEB1904E" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Figure 1. Map of sampling sites, Eghlid and Yazd stations.</paragraph>
</caption>
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<subSubSection id="9BFF6219BAAE1CEE90D9CE658EC3FF03" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7D9C9B24927E7D2E3B582D5098D78E25" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C61814DEC522680A92739E76C4C7F10" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
The description is based on new material collected by the authors from Eghlid, Fars, Iran, a locality inside the distribution range of the species (Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Israel and Syria). Eight males were completely dissected and examined in detail, and compared to another 22 males (FAIC 111300,
<normalizedToken id="D74DA34C10F5EFEF35C9A8ABE57C653A" originalValue="ZMCBSU">ZM-CBSU</normalizedToken>
#3210). One male, with genitalia in a separate microvial. Original label: &quot; FAIC 111300, Eghlid, Rasoul Spring,
<geoCoordinate id="B7B7DFC43AE4EA0BE954AD9F78E555B3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.891">30°53'27.6&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="9944F6AB07A04E951801FC7F1729C31C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="52.671753">52°40'18.3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 15 October 2012&quot;. As well as to samples from previously collected material from winter, spring, and summer.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0F8E673B1B0961D7FB721BBBE178F22B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="description">
<paragraph id="5C4FB8C6EA1B4AC0E395E6DD2C4890F2" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="83CD6897E30DB14BA00B73FFDC39A7A9" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
Maximum body length 22 mm; kidney-shaped and medium-sized eyes (the length of which are equal to the diameter of the first peduncular article of antenna 1) (Fig. 2C); sharp epimeres (Fig. 2
<normalizedToken id="0830DB043B33228E242803C4EAEC9C8F" originalValue="FH">F-H</normalizedToken>
) and clearly elevated urosome segment (Fig. 3G). Antenna 1: Longer than antenna 2; peduncular articles 1&gt;2&gt;3; main and accessory flagella with 22-35 and 2-5 articles, armed with short simple setae (Fig. 2A). Antenna 2: Gland cone is shorter than the third peduncle article; peduncle articles 4 and 5 about equal length and armed with groups of short setae; flagellum with 10-18 articles and also armed with short simple setae; calceoli present (Fig. 2B). Mandible: All parts include incisor processes, lacinia mobilis and ridged molar process well developed, also a plumose long spine row is present (Fig. 3B). Mandible palp: First article without setae; second article with ventral setae, 3-6 proximal setae and 9-13 closely placed distal setae; inferior margin of the third article armed with a comb-like row of 30-36 D-setae, 5-6 long E-setae, one group of B-setae and one group of A-setae (Fig. 3A). Maxilla 1: Inner basal lobe with plumose setae; stout serrate spines on outer lobe; palps asymmetric; right palp with 4 robust tooth-like spines on apical margin, one
<pageBreakToken id="123A9DCF1172ABFACCF24AC5A1B9F27A" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" start="start">longer</pageBreakToken>
separate subapical spine on its outer margin with one seta (Fig. 3D). Left palp with 5 apical spines accompanied by 2 median setae, one longer separate subapical spine on outer corner (Fig. 3C). Maxillipeds: Exopodite with a row of 3 strong teeth and 6 longer setae on distal margin, a row of setae at distal sub-margin which becomes plumose from the middle and continues towards the inferior margin to join to 8-10 long plumose setae, a single spine with a distance at sub-marginal interior corner, a row of three setae parallel to the long axis close to the single spine (Fig. 3E).
</paragraph>
<caption id="FAEB1AAEF2E5E1930321E7E65C06FADF" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<paragraph id="C64FC5533AAF37D7BF4DDC33BE9D4638" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
Figure 2.
<taxonomicName id="6D7A2A36083DE330953FE7C36FFD8FCE" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gammarus pseudosyriacus" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pseudosyriacus" subSpecies="pseudosyriacus">Gammarus pseudosyriacus pseudosyriacus</taxonomicName>
, ♂, 20 mm. A antenna 1 B antenna 2 C head D gnathopod 1 E gnathopod 2
<normalizedToken id="740AD6EC75B074AA07FFDCFF1C1DCEB3" originalValue="FH">F-H</normalizedToken>
epimeral plates1-3.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="CF614D1E25EA92CB24524384E6A2B12B" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<paragraph id="E1669BEBE4531663A8080715C734658F" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
Figure 3.
<taxonomicName id="A4B631FC3EF7AF6F12660409CAA3A8EC" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gammarus pseudosyriacus" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pseudosyriacus" subSpecies="pseudosyriacus">Gammarus pseudosyriacus pseudosyriacus</taxonomicName>
, ♂, 20 mm. A mandible palp B mandible C palp of left maxilla D palp of right maxilla E exopodite of maxilliped F telson G urosomites H uropod 3.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CBCF953A451BA5AE3AA8E377247942D5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
Gnathopod 1: Coxal plate distally slightly wider than proximal, rounded corners with a seta at the postero-ventral corner and 1-2 setae at antero-ventral corner; basis with a few long setae on both anterior and posterior margins; ischium with a postero-distal row of setae; merus and carpus with groups of short setae which are plumose at posterior margin of carpus; propodus pyriform with groups of spines and setae, 6-7 groups of small spines at posterior palmar margin; dactylus long (Fig. 2D). Gnathopod 2: Coxal plate distally slightly narrower than proximal, rounded corners with a seta at the postero-ventral corner and 1-3 setae at antero-ventral corner; basis with a few long setae on both anterior and posterior margins; ischium with a postero-distal row
<pageBreakToken id="39EE3C17E21B60396135FDF94D40A761" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
setae; merus and carpus with groups of short setae which are plumose at posterior margin of carpus; propodus trapezoid-shaped (subrectangular) with 3 groups of spines, and also groups of dense setae on palmar surface (Fig. 2E). Pereopod 3: Coxal plate rectangular and rounded distally, with two short setae at antero-distal corner and one at postero-distal corner; anterior and posterior margins of basis bear some long simple setae; posterior margins of merus and carpus densely setose; merus with several groups of dense setae on posterior margin about 1 to 1.5 times as long as the diameter of the article, anterior margin of merus with 2 groups of short spine that intermixed with short setae and a group of long setae and a spine at anterior tip; posterior margin of carpus with several groups of dense setae 2 times longer than the diameter of the article, a long spine and a group of longer setae are implanted on both its anterior and posterior tip; posterior margin of propodus with 6-7 groups of small spines and some long setae (Fig. 4A). Pereopod 4: Coxal plate with a small seta implanted at antero-distal margin and 1-4 at postero-distal margin; articles similar to pereopod 3, but setae are shorter and the number of setae is lower; anterior margin of merus with just one group of short setae and spines, long spines implanted at anterior tip among a group of setae; posterior margin of carpus with several groups of setae and spines; posterior margin of propodus with 6-8 groups of small spines and some long setae (Fig. 4B). Pereopod 5: Basis subrectangular, postero-distal lobe well developed, posterior margin with 2-5 very short setae, anterior margin with 4-6 spines mixed with a fine seta; merus and carpus with small spines and setae; propodus having 6-7 transverse rows of spines (Fig. 4C). Pereopod 6: Longer than pereopod 5; basis slender and posterior margin with 6-10 setae and anterior margin with 4-6 spines; other articles are similar to pereopod 5 (Fig. 4D). Pereopod 7: Basis wider proximally, postero-distal protruding lobe less developed than pereopod 6, posterior margin with 5-11 setae and anterior margin with 4-6 spines; anterior margin of merus and carpus with spines and longer setae; merus with two spines mixed with short setae at posterior margin; carpus with 2-3 spines at posterior margin; propodus with spines and setae which are as long as spines, 6-7 transverse rows of spines on anterior margin of propodus, two longer spines at posterior tip of propodus intermixed with a group of longer setae (Fig. 4E). Uropod 3: Endopodite length is about two-thirds of the exopodite; setae on outer and inner margin of both exopodite and endopodite are plumose (Fig. 3H).
</paragraph>
<caption id="044321C6F9C36BD0DDED55CD17312340" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<paragraph id="D50CC0F4C92AEBBDC841C90BBF6EB675" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
Figure 4.
<taxonomicName id="6A89B80F7D20E180BFD84325583665E9" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gammarus pseudosyriacus" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pseudosyriacus" subSpecies="pseudosyriacus">Gammarus pseudosyriacus pseudosyriacus</taxonomicName>
, ♂, 20 mm. A pereopod 3 B pereopod 4 C pereopod 5 D pereopod 6 E pereopod 7.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="40AF6079E9A663C00B45A43DF4283AA0" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Telson: Length of the lobes about twice their widest width; 2-5 long and robust spines and 5-8 long setae on distal margin; groups of setae at the dorsal surface of the lobes (Fig. 3F). Epimeral plate 1: Rounded with 12-14 long setae on antero-distal corner (Fig. 2F). Epimeral plate 2: Posterodistal corner pointed; distal margin with 2-7 short spines (Fig. 2G). Epimeral plate 3: Posterodistal corner sharply pointed; 3-5 short spines intermixed with short setae on distal margin (Fig. 2H). Urosomites 1-3: With clear dorsal elevation; each urosomite bears a dorsomedian and dorsolateral groups of short setae mixed with short spines on their posterior margins (Fig. 3G).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FCE08FB0B331E25BEADE448EC68BE17A" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="99D89C71A804639E5D2DB4EBED90C8CD" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D24D0D4E884937333877468492C2BA47" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
The species is dispersed from Israel to Syria, Turkey, Iran and Afghanistan (
<bibRefCitation id="82DF946A72352D77487B9788276F0BC6" author="Karaman, GS" journalOrPublisher="Bijdragen Tot De Dierkunde" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 97" title="Freshwater Gammarus species from Europe, North Africa and adjacent regions of Asia (Crustacea, Amphipoda), part 1. Gammaruspulex-group and related species." volume="47" year="1977">Karaman and Pinkster 1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="21F5A523AD8F4110DB707B032DF744CB" author="Zamanpoore, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 14" title="Taxonomic review of freshwater Gammarus from Iran." volume="3140" year="2011">Zamanpoore et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). In Iran, it is widespread in the inner parts of the Zagros Mountains, extending from northwest to southeast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1D28FB66A207197FD31BD4F334724760" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="A940E9BC55628B9E66FBDF8AFDA0C177" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
<pageBreakToken id="D1CE830D0E7E7D1604848EAD153CEBB9" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" start="start">Ecology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D54BF511FA23CFC9FA74069D4C93DAC4" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
Rasoul Spring is covered by a gravel bed and some submersed aquatic plants. Ecological factors include salinity (0.19 g/lit), pH (6.5), electrical conductivity (350
<normalizedToken id="75A68C35BA009F6B92D73B372E7EE225" originalValue="μS">μS</normalizedToken>
/cm), water temperature (15 to17 °C), and water depth (25 cm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="0B77B794FED550E55A8F0E6CF77A0A62">Revision of the genus Draconarius Ovtchinnikov 1999 (Agelenidae: Coelotinae) in Yunnan, China, with an analysis of the Coelotinae diversity in the Gaoligongshan Mountains</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1059E0D579BF40F298FC0B6AEFFD49D3">Miller, JEREMY A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="5B2E41FC88A97301EB7A9B7AB4CDABCD">2010</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="D4CE42A709590DF758F3132CB5471154" pageId="26" pageNumber="30" type="mainText">
<taxonomicName id="61D2C44D7BAB25F5E89924379DB74208" ID-CoL="37KFN" authority="Wang" authorityName="Wang" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" genus="Draconarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="26" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curiosus">Draconarius curiosus Wang</taxonomicName>
2003
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AB3402E67795850CF69ED69B67D717D6" type="description">
<paragraph id="939D9036759160337C9B45C8CD560929" pageId="26" pageNumber="30" type="mainText">(Figs 70-76, 535)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60A718DB1ED9D3E2BCBE2548BDF0C0C6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="81ED549C2B1BE35ED3FCA95250F11EEE" pageId="26" pageNumber="30" type="mainText">
<materialsCitation id="699EF47955001CF57C59EF88540409F5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903239" collectionCode="HNU" country="China" county="Tengchong County" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
<taxonomicName id="03B26363C28908302C405CEF7459D34D" authority="Wang" authorityName="Wang" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" genus="Draconarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="26" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curiosus">Draconarius curiosus Wang</taxonomicName>
2003: 526, figs 23A-D (
<specimenCount id="98AF6EAA7E44C2F9FFF0A61C3F263608" type="male">male</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="28FC2B28DE4972B01A00768C766D33C9">holotype</typeStatus>
,
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<materialsCitation id="8DD0AC12F61C6E4067F3EC3F7726552B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903221" collectionCode="HNU" country="China" county="Tengchong County" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="ECB1608B7053461AF7E45C74ADB2129F" type="male">male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="4A882CDE6D180F2B4C4016AC55A76AB6" type="female">female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="4B4A9478428195C95A9D1AD601F0EAEC">paratypes</typeStatus>
from
<collectingCounty id="6B30898D3BB55D8D229AF7ADAA3DAFD8">
<collectingRegion id="3E8CB773B3ED932309DF46543ACD21DB">Tengchong County</collectingRegion>
</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="85295CB72A3E55166A24781EE3847340">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="1E4509DD2B47F881FE5AEB8CA36224CD" name="China" value="China">China</collectingCountry>
, in
<collectionCode id="2A19D9DB2DA12EC31BDA7D7FCD3C15CB" collectionName="HNU">HNU</collectionCode>
and
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="E5FFF945BE31311AE4B50B9F82DAE482" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903237" collectionCode="CAS" country="China" county="Tengchong County" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="1020912999495740E00E9CF6635FA429" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences">CAS</collectionCode>
, examined)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFC16AAC8D9ABDECA58A25BEEA092D46" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DF1AE04945FDE25788DC1B613A438D8A" pageId="26" pageNumber="30" type="mainText">
Diagnosis: The female is similar to
<taxonomicName id="33C7F1D3571357A8725A4DB256095C17" authority="Wang" authorityName="Wang" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" genus="Draconarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="26" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griswoldi">D. griswoldi Wang</taxonomicName>
2003 by the absence of epigynal teeth and laterally extending copulatory ducts, but can be distinguished by the coiled spermathecae (Figs 70-71; Wang 2003: figs 23A-B). The male can be easily distinguished from all other coelotines by the absence of a median apophysis and the presence of a broad, distally enlarged embolus (Figs 72-74).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="22CF90252DB4FB5A51ACBA58FBAAF746" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD397584BB314D99D78E4F69A7D0F0D4" pageId="27" pageNumber="31" type="mainText">
<pageBreakToken id="E2371FB7FC72D28A63A6D23E78E62D8B" pageId="27" pageNumber="31" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
: See Wang (2003). Photos of habitus, eyes, labium and genitalia are provided in this study (Figs 70-76).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83E9C0D8B8DFA191536C5F7AF0CD7D61" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5BAD3BCF162387831F2C3946D1EAB102" pageId="27" pageNumber="31" type="mainText">Distribution: China (Yunnan: Tengchong) (Fig. 535).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DAA92F3672B3B1A80AD1BD0F69462C7B" pageId="260" pageNumber="261">Original source.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2E33842FD8AE5C7A623481402D2F86B" pageId="260" pageNumber="261">
<bibRefCitation id="707C55516EBD21845BA6D6AEFDE3C2CC" author="Brusina, S" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines fuer Steiermark" pageId="304" pageNumber="305" pagination="101 - 121" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45396page/203/mode/1up" refId="B73" refString="Brusina, S, 1903. Eine subtropische Oasis in Ungarn. Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines fuer Steiermark 39: 101 - 121, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45396page/203/mode/1up" title="Eine subtropische Oasis in Ungarn." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45396page/203/mode/1up" volume="39" year="1903">Brusina 1903</bibRefCitation>
: 115.
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<paragraph id="55AA417BD2898C7DE09E8FC0DC4D10F0" pageId="260" pageNumber="261">Type horizon.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="704DD54F60179F651A8CF35547408C2F" pageId="260" pageNumber="261">Late Pleistocene-Holocene.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="96DB413B428D8143AAAC5B5C816B5577" pageId="260" pageNumber="261">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7DB3352F14284B94BFC1A3CCCD611340" pageId="260" pageNumber="261">
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[
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,
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<paragraph id="83A571316F8EF356FC8CFCECE0C459D7" pageId="260" pageNumber="261">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<bibRefCitation id="E917BAE0951E508E0D474AA466884F59" author="Neubauer, TA" journalOrPublisher="Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" pagination="116 - 128" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.08.015" refId="B336" refString="Neubauer, TA, Harzhauser, M, Georgopoulou, E, Wrozyna, C, 2014d. Population bottleneck triggering millennial-scale morphospace shifts in endemic thermal-spring melanopsids. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 414: 116 - 128, DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.08.015" title="Population bottleneck triggering millennial-scale morphospace shifts in endemic thermal-spring melanopsids." url="10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.08.015" volume="414" year="2014 d">Neubauer et al. (2014d</bibRefCitation>
: 125) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of
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<emphasis id="2C3AC30A7F75AFD2A283D8BCEF3E2586" italics="true" pageId="260" pageNumber="261">Microcolpia parreyssii sikorai</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="A402E1960A5DC6E8517E9D1FBCA41B2E" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
<taxonomicName id="B721C5E74E8E2E7E8AE84B2DEDDCA6F1" ID-CoL="63CZH" ID-ENA="107590" authority="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Montiaceae" genus="Montia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<pageBreakToken id="42B379D4E9E61B7D90C297087DAFBE7C" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
<normalizedToken id="D67E57DDA6445853C032CFCDC70AF886" originalValue="Móntia" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Montia</normalizedToken>
</pageBreakToken>
L.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="746DCED6EB2DF4CDACD162A68816DF30" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="79E73A9401F80929EB9BB136157C4E9F" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Quellkraut</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</title>
<subSubSection id="16D66D6D55614D55CE6E2C4396B659C8" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" type="description">
<paragraph id="720A99CB84C62CD9D6440D417831DB80" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
1
<normalizedToken id="1DF19832EAC3C95501213773F29F3E15" originalValue="jährige" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">jaehrige</normalizedToken>
bis ausdauernde, kleine, kahle
<emphasis id="FE4CE048B0CD89544C6BCB8DC245A673" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
Sumpf- oder Wasserpflanzen.
<normalizedToken id="CCB895758C43DA6557E34141C6D00C86" originalValue="Blätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="6F7FC7495F6DA85FE956C6EEB3D0AFD3" originalValue="gegenständig" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">gegenstaendig</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
(bei unsem Arten),
<normalizedToken id="995327FF0E2A98084841AE05233367B1" originalValue="wechselständig" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">wechselstaendig</normalizedToken>
oder in
<normalizedToken id="93E3A5C65340E7A047FD38CE6C55269D" originalValue="grundständigen" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">grundstaendigen</normalizedToken>
Rosetten, meist
<normalizedToken id="AA7285AF4886F3DF5E3E34A69B8EA895" originalValue="spatelförmig" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">spatelfoermig</normalizedToken>
, ohne Stiel,
<emphasis id="64DBD960A16EC47F52E169E5C73DAC70" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
nicht auffallend fleischig; keine
<normalizedToken id="A6A36AF64C9EAF69ED6810FAC8CB48A1" originalValue="Nebenblätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Nebenblaetter</normalizedToken>
.
</emphasis>
<normalizedToken id="D11984AF4E911600839C2A801124E3D9" originalValue="Blüten" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Blueten</normalizedToken>
in
<normalizedToken id="3A914C3F2C857C437425CE44E9911A7E" originalValue="endständigen" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">endstaendigen</normalizedToken>
und
<normalizedToken id="A83FC3FB2C28BDA967274382F30561DF" originalValue="seitenständigen" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">seitenstaendigen</normalizedToken>
, bis 5
<normalizedToken id="FB44E63001B9EFF3A62BFAE41F368AA0" originalValue="blütigen" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">bluetigen</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="ECF1B95143A79869FBD450F6B02B5BD0" originalValue="Blütenständen" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Bluetenstaenden</normalizedToken>
.
<normalizedToken id="894AADD91FD73429533C561E03FE6093" originalValue="Blüten" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Blueten</normalizedToken>
vor dem
<normalizedToken id="125B11035C16B885BDF5B7501406AA5C" originalValue="Aufblühen" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Aufbluehen</normalizedToken>
nickend.
<emphasis id="19D9E1C1A06A9C959F02490A97B5BA1A" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
<normalizedToken id="EA2EDF87674431857843A44FACC5FAE7" originalValue="Kelchblätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Kelchblaetter</normalizedToken>
2, frei, zur Fruchtzeit nicht abfallend.
</emphasis>
<normalizedToken id="CAE63CDBB4C48B333F32BBABBF963900" originalValue="Kronblätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Kronblaetter</normalizedToken>
3-5 (2
<normalizedToken id="4811F9BEE390FF2B2CEC4C832FCD4829" originalValue="größere" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">groessere</normalizedToken>
und 3 kleinere),
<emphasis id="672B8C5D6AF34C21B4D49726D6909CBE" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
<normalizedToken id="9F7F289D7F43D066AC5FD6772502F310" originalValue="weiβ" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">weiβ</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
, etwa 2mal so lang wie die
<normalizedToken id="7F29A977D2C3D1FCB5CA861C0AD140DA" originalValue="Kelchblätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Kelchblaetter</normalizedToken>
, am Grunde verwachsen (nur an einer Stelle frei).
<normalizedToken id="2124D9368A81BF51AEC9A48035E714E1" originalValue="Staubblätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Staubblaetter</normalizedToken>
3, am Grunde der kleinen
<normalizedToken id="FC1497FAAFDF7BBA3B82C42C85B4390F" originalValue="Kronblätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Kronblaetter</normalizedToken>
angewachsen. Fruchtknoten
<normalizedToken id="1CA62A3004CE3F348543EE2DBD88E3A2" originalValue="oberständig" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">oberstaendig</normalizedToken>
, aus 3
<normalizedToken id="91BECAD125F44D0EEBE40D989AF70437" originalValue="Fruchtblättern" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Fruchtblaettern</normalizedToken>
, mit 3 Narben. Frucht eine 2-3samige Kapsel, die sich mit
<emphasis id="ABE177955324C981B7B6DA5F764641C8" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Klappen</emphasis>
<normalizedToken id="B46CCF720BFE424CD16E00097C4D0EF7" originalValue="öffnet" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">oeffnet</normalizedToken>
. Samen rundlich,
<normalizedToken id="ECA2C612EB9E12E424768B016268D225" originalValue="gewölbt" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">gewoelbt</normalizedToken>
, rotbraun bis schwarz, mit
<normalizedToken id="F7A3E121D397A8D397897D822E3E7F38" originalValue="für" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">fuer</normalizedToken>
die einzelnen Arten
<emphasis id="4DC6AE8D83BBD147768DCB694C91291E" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
charakteristischer
<normalizedToken id="FAEE25243161A4FAC00AE267BB5F0158" originalValue="Oberflächenstruktur" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Oberflaechenstruktur</normalizedToken>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B4DCAB2C8E2E5BE807B852577CF9F425" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
Die Gattung
<taxonomicName id="498E90D5F3884E8486F31FBAE2DF9024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Montiaceae" genus="Montia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="812FE6B51549AE668323C89D80863072" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Montia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="D227BA98B3500C92695C0A6CBF60709D" originalValue="umfaßt" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">umfasst</normalizedToken>
etwa
<emphasis id="B14EEF5D3EF997DFDDC9056A1EB4CA07" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">50 Arten</emphasis>
, die
<normalizedToken id="DB5B16B64EBB1A1F849970DE2331DA74" originalValue="über" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">ueber</normalizedToken>
die
<emphasis id="B000EDEF07511F0779963133DB4F3BF2" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
<normalizedToken id="9A5D611E57455BFD428EC77FA6D10652" originalValue="auβertropischen" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">auβertropischen</normalizedToken>
Gebiete der ganzen Erde verbreitet sind
</emphasis>
(auch Antarktis).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8DB04260FEB5644A8834C04CA10A0AD7" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
Der systematische Wert vieler Arten ist umstritten; neuere Untersuchungen der in
<taxonomicName id="D0743505E2B0F15708387D8FA6C79AE5" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Europa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Europa</taxonomicName>
vorkommenden Arten (nur nach Herbarmaterial) von Walters (1953a),
<normalizedToken id="AB4DA6C5188A8AEF0293761A71DE32BE" originalValue="Lawalrée" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Lawalree</normalizedToken>
(1960), an Material aus
<taxonomicName id="147813716AE827B4DB714B09ADD9B1AC" authority="Amerika" authorityName="Amerika" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Europa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Europa, Amerika</taxonomicName>
und der
<normalizedToken id="1B9E39ABD789723DCA1DE1ED3A45E11E" originalValue="südlichen" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">suedlichen</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="AD3C59A1A9F5BB8534DB08AF0886EC8D" originalValue="Hemisphäre" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Hemisphaere</normalizedToken>
von Moore (1963). Es ist unsicher, ob die
<emphasis id="400710D3649B47ACC8A3067E2447143A" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Chromosomengrundzahl</emphasis>
n = 9 oder 10 ist; alle Angaben 2n = 18 oder 20, wobei die Zuordnung zu den einzelnen Arten oft unsicher ist. Moore (1963) vermutet,
<normalizedToken id="21F1E85D9F098E2F730EE3387EE25525" originalValue="daß" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">dass</normalizedToken>
bei den Angaben 2n = 181 Chromosomenpaar als Satellitenchromosomen interpretiert wurde.
<normalizedToken id="65C635545D4C3B1024021D15075AF8B2" originalValue="Über" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Ueber</normalizedToken>
die Verbreitung der einzelnen Arten ist wenig bekannt. Nach Walters (1953a) sind bei einer weiteren Gliederung von
<taxonomicName id="E57A7D28299A3A9EA3E9FAA571BFFEEB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Montiaceae" genus="Montia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rivularis">
<emphasis id="68A22A2066D5DDCDDA72A549D2181E62" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">M. rivularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nomenklatorische
<normalizedToken id="C1B6FE59E7963159992CBEBCD82CA507" originalValue="Änderungen" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Aenderungen</normalizedToken>
notwendig, da nicht mehr
<normalizedToken id="A00E5DEDD2B9F6125C8F326D0AC7DD85" originalValue="nachgeprüft" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">nachgeprueft</normalizedToken>
werden kann, was Gmelin unter
<taxonomicName id="E7BF3B1743AB451E7D2D99A0DA4ABCFA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Montiaceae" genus="Montia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rivularis">
<emphasis id="9BC22985E1F0CF0FFA1AA7A1C3B58517" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">M. rivularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
verstanden hat (Herbar in Karlsruhe im 2. Weltkrieg
<normalizedToken id="CA18E033E09BD1005CDBB992066EB701" originalValue="zerstört" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">zerstoert</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74C33B7073AF4F3A3662D37FA06D2B7E" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
Die Arten der Gattung
<taxonomicName id="25D5A2F0CEAFE1035BDE0AD65DA26542" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Montiaceae" genus="Montia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7E5920F2CC05D90596F9C72C8B43A76" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Montia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sollten experimentell untersucht und miteinander verglichen werden.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DFB2E2A83836064987FEB2BCB46DC2B9" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
<table id="2EBE651664685EDCD2D52EB4E66A0F43" frame="void" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" rules="none">
<tbody id="9A254257721CBFB780AD9CCA24FB92EB" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
<tr id="0C0C9F6163F1D4034346DCE88B324827" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
<td id="2958FB0C9D95A02367D5EB0D8F93935D" align="left" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" valign="top">
1.
<normalizedToken id="4092CA40C5B3625641CCA45D9AF49814" originalValue="Oberfläche" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Oberflaeche</normalizedToken>
der reifen Samen erscheint bei 10facher
<normalizedToken id="4A25E83947D79B07D0CC5A8B666037CE" originalValue="Vergrößerung" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Vergroesserung</normalizedToken>
glatt und
<normalizedToken id="FD658B1300C3CEE131C285F5983039B0" originalValue="glänzend" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">glaenzend</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="40FB8EEDB4EF20B5A287ECE141912A36" align="left" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" valign="bottom">
<taxonomicName id="A8B114586E2DB5C7BE7B24AFEF2D5A93" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Montiaceae" genus="Montia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fontana">
<emphasis id="45BDA0EBC2A7F31221F967F7F8CA0789" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">M. fontana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Nr. 1)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C9F32B1754C1069AD19C5AD49CEE17C9" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
<td id="E195BCAF907FDBD399AB7CE73EEF123A" align="left" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" valign="top">
1*.
<normalizedToken id="B29EA1B2C87D8EBD1931B6C9CF06E49E" originalValue="Oberfläche" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Oberflaeche</normalizedToken>
der reifen Samen erscheint bei 10facher
<normalizedToken id="A3B66B4B59B7AD3D5388A6FCFD3AD38C" originalValue="Vergrößerung" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Vergroesserung</normalizedToken>
wenigstens
<taxonomicName id="E83F691B6A7E1AC7726C1088594174AA" authority="den Rand" authorityName="den Rand" family="Chenopodiaceae" genus="Blueten" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" rank="species" species="gegen">gegen den Rand</taxonomicName>
hin dicht mit
<normalizedToken id="D2179D342E79366FD9D513DEEAAEE49B" originalValue="kegelförmigen" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">kegelfoermigen</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="950E996D5690F7EACE23A8B41E14821E" originalValue="Höckern" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Hoeckern</normalizedToken>
besetzt, matt.
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="FB2126E679081425B46D25DC1CD75832" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
<td id="83F812E8CB4CDE5F63F7825FC6F1095E" align="left" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" valign="top">
2. Same
<normalizedToken id="8D4DFE7B7C0D870B171D615C8EE07E5F" originalValue="überall" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">ueberall</normalizedToken>
mit
<normalizedToken id="6D18985659CC8DD54936E8656967D2D7" originalValue="Höckern" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Hoeckern</normalizedToken>
;
<taxonomicName id="D9C03B1636F2B88E3646D66EDC02FACF" authority="das Zentrum" authorityName="das Zentrum" family="Chenopodiaceae" genus="Blueten" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" rank="species" species="gegen">gegen das Zentrum</taxonomicName>
hin sind es
<normalizedToken id="97A783C9A9F6A4E5C0734F76F6146419" originalValue="längliche" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">laengliche</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="26CC17425D57172D36A85788AA3E66EC" originalValue="Wülste" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Wuelste</normalizedToken>
,
<taxonomicName id="165E76CC20527C8BD6C805BF8E6DB13E" authority="den Rand" authorityName="den Rand" family="Chenopodiaceae" genus="Blueten" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" rank="species" species="gegen">gegen den Rand</taxonomicName>
hin
<normalizedToken id="B77477264E98B359ED640E5F8274F8C0" originalValue="regelmäßige" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">regelmaessige</normalizedToken>
, vom Grunde an
<normalizedToken id="2350A6E8F27E109D23D861381E602786" originalValue="gleichmäßig" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">gleichmaessig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="ECD9B3AA3A62C5CDE5363FE612C7E79D" originalValue="verschmälerte" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">verschmaelerte</normalizedToken>
, stumpfe, ca. 15
<normalizedToken id="6034A79E77323E51C17B5D96D6C2EA47" originalValue="μ" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">μ</normalizedToken>
hohe Kegel, die mit
<normalizedToken id="E6A3AB75DF66C8745DD9507518598784" originalValue="körnigen" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">koernigen</normalizedToken>
Papillen besetzt sind (100fache
<normalizedToken id="0023D2B3BED4E1BBD025DAE265905B17" originalValue="Vergrößerung" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Vergroesserung</normalizedToken>
notwendig!)
</td>
<td id="47575AD7911ACACB3AAB59106D595455" align="left" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" valign="bottom">
<taxonomicName id="1FCDAFF1C1A89B581CFDEDB10910463C" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verna">
<emphasis id="01A67B94718BEACD157BDED1F86665C4" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">M. verna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Nr. 2)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D122FD3DB08E4698BEAAF204DAB74C60" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
<td id="53AEED920C4D1B5EEA957D7D7A47050D" align="left" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" valign="top">
2*. Same im Zentrum bei 10facher
<normalizedToken id="9F67381F35556A6EBDD451CAEEEA628A" originalValue="Vergrößerung" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Vergroesserung</normalizedToken>
glatt,
<taxonomicName id="552FE96DBF71A14112F5963376F55D6F" authority="den Rand" authorityName="den Rand" family="Chenopodiaceae" genus="Blueten" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" rank="species" species="gegen">gegen den Rand</taxonomicName>
hin mit schmalen am Grunde
<normalizedToken id="90CCC9A0AFA62CE31E5630042698815C" originalValue="plötzlich" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">ploetzlich</normalizedToken>
verbreiterten, stumpfen, ca. 15
<normalizedToken id="BDB43DED9F9FEF8881BB5344B6F9806B" originalValue="μ" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">μ</normalizedToken>
hohen Kegeln, die mit
<normalizedToken id="EA6D359ABB7B92AFDE296992CFA0DC94" originalValue="körnigen" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">koernigen</normalizedToken>
Papillen besetzt sind
</td>
<td id="C7B31962C437CC9379CC92361E2036C6" align="left" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" valign="bottom">
<taxonomicName id="3BC9EE5F8E3313D3BEFD9C9F710A3BCC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Montiaceae" genus="Montia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lusitanica">
<emphasis id="559B1FE2288AE88830A584DAD4825750" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">M. lusitanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Nr. 3)
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="76ABADCFF734CE38EF8E27B3601E4D89" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
<paragraph id="BDDACF6E8F2C4E59136B1A98FEDA9C6F" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
<title id="188F74C91121DF56E9A4516BFB450D81" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">
<normalizedToken id="E2D872F814535849A32582D4833A316C" originalValue="Schlüssel" pageId="null" pageNumber="770">Schluessel</normalizedToken>
zur Gattung
<taxonomicName id="AA709207F0ACADD919CD09D0A7C59730" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Montiaceae" genus="Montia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="null" pageNumber="770" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Montia</taxonomicName>
</title>
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>