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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807" ID-GBIF-Dataset="178820d5-d720-47fd-a85e-1ac28fca6c90" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1109-67" ID-Pensoft-UUID="534F47F344D858A49331F110D3D21111" ID-ZooBank="9C8BF86D194A46EF9D49072D09BF9E48" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1109-67" checkinTime="1656747431702" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa &amp; Tatsuta, Haruki" docDate="2022" docId="FCA223EB749E558DB6A371A9D9C1B65B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1109: 67-101" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1109" docPubDate="2022-07-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807" docTitle="Sennin Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta 2022, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="AAA86579-ABA5-4385-B0D7-68D7676BD871" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="534F47F344D858A49331F110D3D21111" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="534F47F344D858A49331F110D3D21111" masterDocTitle="Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history" masterLastPageNumber="101" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1656748190795" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Suzuki, Yuya</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6523-9272</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1 - 21 - 24, Korimoto, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, 890 - 0065, Japan &amp; Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395 Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sasaganiya1206@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hiramatsu, Takehisa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Fregrance-Uwado 203, Uwado, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, 350 - 0816, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tatsuta, Haruki</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8847-8874</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395 Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-07-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1109</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>67</mods:start>
<mods:end>101</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1109-67</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9C8BF86D194A46EF9D49072D09BF9E48</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">534F47F344D858A49331F110D3D21111</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AAA86579-ABA5-4385-B0D7-68D7676BD871" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FCA223EB749E558DB6A371A9D9C1B65B" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Genus
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/AAA86579-ABA5-4385-B0D7-68D7676BD871" authority="Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta, 2022" authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sennin" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sennin" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Sennin</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="67">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sennin" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sennin tanikawai" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="tanikawai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Sennin tanikawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
The generic name
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sennin" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sennin" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Sennin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is noun in apposition, masculine, and derived from the Japanese word meaning mountain hermits, a person who acquires a spiritual power after living a secluded life deep in the mountains. Iriomote Island, where the new species inhabits, is famous for a man called
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sennin" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sennin" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="genus">Sennin</taxonomicName>
, who was self-sufficient, lived in the coastal caves, and single-handedly built a wooden hut.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
This genus can be distinguished from other theridiosomatid genera by the following characteristics: a large, oblong cymbial outgrowth (cymbial apophysis) protruding from the basal and dorsal part of cymbium of male palp (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sennin tanikawai sp. nov., male holotype genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21722) A-D male palp F-J embolic division A retrolateral view B prolateral view C dorsal view D ventral view E median apophysis, ventral view F posterior-ventral view G ventral view H anterior-dorsal view I posterior-dorsal view J prolateral view. Abbreviations: C conductor CA cymbial apophysis CL cymbial lamella E embolus EA embolic apophysis ED embolic division EM embolus MA median apophysis PC paracymbium ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrow in E indicates the tip of less-sclerotized region of median apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708573" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">7A-C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Sennin tanikawai sp. nov., male holotype genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21722) A-D male palp F-J embolic division A retrolateral view B prolateral view C dorsal view D ventral view E median apophysis, ventral view F posterior-ventral view G ventral view H anterior-dorsal view I posterior-dorsal view J prolateral view. Abbreviations: C conductor CA cymbial apophysis CL cymbial lamella E embolus EA embolic apophysis ED embolic division EM embolus MA median apophysis PC paracymbium ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrow in E indicates the tip of less-sclerotized region of median apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708575" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">9 A-C</figureCitation>
); an embolic division with three elongated bristle-like embolic apophyses with the longest one coiled (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sennin tanikawai sp. nov., male holotype genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21722) A-D male palp F-J embolic division A retrolateral view B prolateral view C dorsal view D ventral view E median apophysis, ventral view F posterior-ventral view G ventral view H anterior-dorsal view I posterior-dorsal view J prolateral view. Abbreviations: C conductor CA cymbial apophysis CL cymbial lamella E embolus EA embolic apophysis ED embolic division EM embolus MA median apophysis PC paracymbium ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrow in E indicates the tip of less-sclerotized region of median apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708573" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">7F-J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Sennin tanikawai sp. nov., male holotype genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21722) A-D male palp F-J embolic division A retrolateral view B prolateral view C dorsal view D ventral view E median apophysis, ventral view F posterior-ventral view G ventral view H anterior-dorsal view I posterior-dorsal view J prolateral view. Abbreviations: C conductor CA cymbial apophysis CL cymbial lamella E embolus EA embolic apophysis ED embolic division EM embolus MA median apophysis PC paracymbium ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrow in E indicates the tip of less-sclerotized region of median apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708575" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">9F-J</figureCitation>
); the anterior margin of the epigynal plate with a pair of sclerotized, triangular extensions protruding anteriorly from the anterolateral side (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Sennin tanikawai sp. nov., female paratype genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21723) A epigyne, ventral view B epigyne, lateral view C vulva, dorsal view D vulva, anterior view. Abbreviations: CB copulatory bursae CD copulatory ducts ES epigynal scape FD fertilization ducts S spermatheca. Arrows in A, D indicate a pair of sclerotized extensions on the anterior margin of epigynal plate. Arrow in C indicates a pair of copulatory ducts juxtaposed. Scale bars: 0. 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708574" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">8A, D</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Sennin tanikawai sp. nov., female paratype (NSMT-Ar 21723) A epigyne, ventral view B epigyne, lateral view C vulva, dorsal view D vulva, anterior view E course of copulatory duct. Abbreviations: CB copulatory bursae CD copulatory ducts ES epigynal scape ESL epigynal scape length FD fertilization ducts S spermatheca VW vulva width. Arrows in A, D indicate a pair of sclerotized extensions on the anterior margin of epigynal plate. Arrow in C indicates the pair of copulatory ducts juxtaposed. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708576" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">10A, D</figureCitation>
; arrowed;
<bibRefCitation author="Zhu, MS" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Taiwanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 7" refId="B37" refString="Zhu, MS, Zhang, JX, Chen, HM, 2001. A new species of the genus Wendilgarda from China (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae). Acta Zoologica Taiwanica 12: 1 - 7" title="A new species of the genus Wendilgarda from China (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae)." volume="12" year="2001">Zhu et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4;
<bibRefCitation author="Chen, HM" journalOrPublisher="Guizhou Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B3" refString="Chen, HM, 2010. Karstia, a new genus of troglophilous theridiosomatid (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from southwestern China. Guizhou Science 28 (4): 1 - 10" title="Karstia, a new genus of troglophilous theridiosomatid (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from southwestern China." volume="28" year="2010">Chen 2010</bibRefCitation>
: figs 19, 20); the vulva with long copulatory ducts coiling at the lateral side of the spermatheca (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Sennin tanikawai sp. nov., female paratype genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21723) A epigyne, ventral view B epigyne, lateral view C vulva, dorsal view D vulva, anterior view. Abbreviations: CB copulatory bursae CD copulatory ducts ES epigynal scape FD fertilization ducts S spermatheca. Arrows in A, D indicate a pair of sclerotized extensions on the anterior margin of epigynal plate. Arrow in C indicates a pair of copulatory ducts juxtaposed. Scale bars: 0. 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708574" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">8C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Sennin tanikawai sp. nov., female paratype (NSMT-Ar 21723) A epigyne, ventral view B epigyne, lateral view C vulva, dorsal view D vulva, anterior view E course of copulatory duct. Abbreviations: CB copulatory bursae CD copulatory ducts ES epigynal scape ESL epigynal scape length FD fertilization ducts S spermatheca VW vulva width. Arrows in A, D indicate a pair of sclerotized extensions on the anterior margin of epigynal plate. Arrow in C indicates the pair of copulatory ducts juxtaposed. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708576" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">10C, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708572" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sennin" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sennin tanikawai" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="tanikawai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Sennin tanikawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male holotype (NSMT-Ar 21722
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A-D</emphasis>
) and female paratype (NSMT-Ar 21723
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">E-H</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A, E</emphasis>
habitus, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">B, F</emphasis>
habitus, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">C, G</emphasis>
eye region, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">D, H</emphasis>
chelicera, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A, B, E, F</emphasis>
); 0.1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">C, G, D, H</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="composition">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Composition.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sennin" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sennin tanikawai" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="tanikawai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Sennin tanikawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.,
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" genus="S." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. coddingtoni" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coddingtoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">S. coddingtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Zhu, Zhang &amp; Chen, 2001), comb. nov.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
This genus is related to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1986" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Baalzebub" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baalzebub" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Baalzebub</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Coddington, 1986, based on the shape of the median apophysis on the male palp, the embolic apophyses that are not exposed from the conductor, and the general morphology of the epigyne. The elongated and oblong dorsal cymbial apophysis, one of the most conspicuous characters of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sennin" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sennin" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Sennin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sennin tanikawai sp. nov., male holotype genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21722) A-D male palp F-J embolic division A retrolateral view B prolateral view C dorsal view D ventral view E median apophysis, ventral view F posterior-ventral view G ventral view H anterior-dorsal view I posterior-dorsal view J prolateral view. Abbreviations: C conductor CA cymbial apophysis CL cymbial lamella E embolus EA embolic apophysis ED embolic division EM embolus MA median apophysis PC paracymbium ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrow in E indicates the tip of less-sclerotized region of median apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708573" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">7A-C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Sennin tanikawai sp. nov., male holotype genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21722) A-D male palp F-J embolic division A retrolateral view B prolateral view C dorsal view D ventral view E median apophysis, ventral view F posterior-ventral view G ventral view H anterior-dorsal view I posterior-dorsal view J prolateral view. Abbreviations: C conductor CA cymbial apophysis CL cymbial lamella E embolus EA embolic apophysis ED embolic division EM embolus MA median apophysis PC paracymbium ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrow in E indicates the tip of less-sclerotized region of median apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708575" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">9A-C</figureCitation>
), differentiates the new genus from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1986" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Baalzebub" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baalzebub" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Baalzebub</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although some species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1986" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Baalzebub" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baalzebub" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Baalzebub</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a small protrusion on the retrolateral-dorsal side of basal part of cymbium (e.g., paracymbium in
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. acutum" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="acutum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">B. acutum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2016.1183965" author="Prete, PH" journalOrPublisher="Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="97 - 103" refId="B19" refString="Prete, PH, Cizauskas, I, Brescovit, AD, 2016. A new species of the spider genus Baalzebub (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from Brazilian caves. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 51 (2): 97 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2016.1183965" title="A new species of the spider genus Baalzebub (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from Brazilian caves." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2016.1183965" volume="51" year="2016">Prete et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
: figs 2D, 3C; named
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Höcker’">'Hoecker'</normalizedToken>
(= lump) in
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. brauni" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="brauni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">B. brauni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Senckenbergiana Biologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="113 - 124" refId="B30" refString="Wunderlich, J, 1976. Spinnen aus Australien. 1. Uloboridae, Theridiosomatidae und Symphytognathidae (Arachnida: Araneida). Senckenbergiana Biologica 57: 113 - 124" title="Spinnen aus Australien. 1. Uloboridae, Theridiosomatidae und Symphytognathidae (Arachnida: Araneida)." volume="57" year="1976">Wunderlich 1976</bibRefCitation>
: figs 17, 18), it is not as prominent as that of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sennin" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sennin" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Sennin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. The embolic apophyses of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1986" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Baalzebub" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baalzebub" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Baalzebub</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are short, blunt, and spatulate, but those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sennin" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sennin" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Sennin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are longer, bristle-like, and strongly curved or coiled (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sennin tanikawai sp. nov., male holotype genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21722) A-D male palp F-J embolic division A retrolateral view B prolateral view C dorsal view D ventral view E median apophysis, ventral view F posterior-ventral view G ventral view H anterior-dorsal view I posterior-dorsal view J prolateral view. Abbreviations: C conductor CA cymbial apophysis CL cymbial lamella E embolus EA embolic apophysis ED embolic division EM embolus MA median apophysis PC paracymbium ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrow in E indicates the tip of less-sclerotized region of median apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708573" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">7F-J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Sennin tanikawai sp. nov., male holotype genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21722) A-D male palp F-J embolic division A retrolateral view B prolateral view C dorsal view D ventral view E median apophysis, ventral view F posterior-ventral view G ventral view H anterior-dorsal view I posterior-dorsal view J prolateral view. Abbreviations: C conductor CA cymbial apophysis CL cymbial lamella E embolus EA embolic apophysis ED embolic division EM embolus MA median apophysis PC paracymbium ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrow in E indicates the tip of less-sclerotized region of median apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708575" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">9F-J</figureCitation>
). As for the female genitalia of species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1986" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Baalzebub" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baalzebub" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Baalzebub</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the epigynal plate is upside-down triangular with sclerotized central epigynal pit, the spermathecae elliptical, and longer laterally with connate tips, and the course of copulatory ducts is simple (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" author="Coddington, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B4" refString="Coddington, JA, 1986a. The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422 (422): 1 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" title="The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" volume="422" year="1986 a">Coddington 1986a</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sennin" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sennin" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Sennin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. has similar spermathecae, but the course of the copulatory duct is more complex, with a coiled trajectory at the basal side of the spermathecae (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Sennin tanikawai sp. nov., female paratype genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21723) A epigyne, ventral view B epigyne, lateral view C vulva, dorsal view D vulva, anterior view. Abbreviations: CB copulatory bursae CD copulatory ducts ES epigynal scape FD fertilization ducts S spermatheca. Arrows in A, D indicate a pair of sclerotized extensions on the anterior margin of epigynal plate. Arrow in C indicates a pair of copulatory ducts juxtaposed. Scale bars: 0. 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708574" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">8C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Sennin tanikawai sp. nov., female paratype (NSMT-Ar 21723) A epigyne, ventral view B epigyne, lateral view C vulva, dorsal view D vulva, anterior view E course of copulatory duct. Abbreviations: CB copulatory bursae CD copulatory ducts ES epigynal scape ESL epigynal scape length FD fertilization ducts S spermatheca VW vulva width. Arrows in A, D indicate a pair of sclerotized extensions on the anterior margin of epigynal plate. Arrow in C indicates the pair of copulatory ducts juxtaposed. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708576" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">10C, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708573" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sennin" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sennin tanikawai" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="tanikawai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Sennin tanikawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male holotype genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21722)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A-D</emphasis>
male palp
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">F-J</emphasis>
embolic division
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
retrolateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
prolateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">D</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">E</emphasis>
median apophysis, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">F</emphasis>
posterior-ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">G</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">H</emphasis>
anterior-dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">I</emphasis>
posterior-dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">J</emphasis>
prolateral view. Abbreviations:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
conductor
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">CA</emphasis>
cymbial apophysis
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">CL</emphasis>
cymbial lamella
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">E</emphasis>
embolus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">EA</emphasis>
embolic apophysis
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">ED</emphasis>
embolic division
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">EM</emphasis>
embolus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">MA</emphasis>
median apophysis
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">PC</emphasis>
paracymbium
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">ST</emphasis>
subtegulum
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T</emphasis>
tegulum. Arrow in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">E</emphasis>
indicates the tip of less-sclerotized region of median apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Zhu, Zhang &amp; Chen" baseAuthorityYear="2001" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sennin" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sennin coddingtoni" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="coddingtoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Sennin coddingtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. was formerly placed in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2010" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Karstia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karstia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Karstia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Chen, 2010, but it shares conspicuous characteristics with
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" genus="S." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. tanikawai" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanikawai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">S. tanikawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. and can clearly be differentiated from
<taxonomicName genus="K." lsidName="K. upperyangtzica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="upperyangtzica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">K. upperyangtzica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Chen, 2010, the type species of the genus. Therefore, we transferred it from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2010" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Karstia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karstia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Karstia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sennin" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sennin" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Sennin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2010" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Karstia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karstia upperyangtzica" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="upperyangtzica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Karstia upperyangtzica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="K." lsidName="K. cordata" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="cordata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">K. cordata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dou &amp; Li (2012) females have an upside-down triangular epigynal plate with a sclerotized epigynal pit, and a simple course of copulatory ducts; males have cymbial apophysis as a very small protrusion, and embolic division with short, spatulate embolic apophyses (
<bibRefCitation author="Chen, HM" journalOrPublisher="Guizhou Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B3" refString="Chen, HM, 2010. Karstia, a new genus of troglophilous theridiosomatid (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from southwestern China. Guizhou Science 28 (4): 1 - 10" title="Karstia, a new genus of troglophilous theridiosomatid (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from southwestern China." volume="28" year="2010">Chen 2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Dou, LA" journalOrPublisher="Dong Wu Fen Lei Xue Bao" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="734 - 739" refId="B6" refString="Dou, LA, Lin, YC, 2012. Description of Karstia cordata sp. nov. (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from caves in Chongqing, China. Dong Wu Fen Lei Xue Bao 37: 734 - 739" title="Description of Karstia cordata sp. nov. (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from caves in Chongqing, China." volume="37" year="2012">Dou and Lin 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, ZS" journalOrPublisher="Chongqing University Press, China" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" refId="B33" refString="Zhang, ZS, Wang, LY, 2017. Chinese spiders illustrated. Chongqing University Press, China" title="Chinese spiders illustrated." year="2017">Zhang and Wang 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Based on these morphological characteristics, it is difficult to differentiate
<taxonomicName genus="K." lsidName="K. upperyangtzica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="upperyangtzica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">K. upperyangtzica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="K." lsidName="K. cordata" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="cordata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">K. cordata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1986" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Baalzebub" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baalzebub" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Baalzebub</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; therefore, taxonomic revision of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2010" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Karstia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karstia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Karstia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is needed. In this study, we defer revision of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2010" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Karstia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karstia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Karstia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which may require direct examination of the type specimens and further molecular analysis.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708574" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sennin" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sennin tanikawai" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="tanikawai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Sennin tanikawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., female paratype genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21723)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
epigyne, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
epigyne, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
vulva, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">D</emphasis>
vulva, anterior view. Abbreviations:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">CB</emphasis>
copulatory bursae
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">CD</emphasis>
copulatory ducts
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">ES</emphasis>
epigynal scape
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">FD</emphasis>
fertilization ducts
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">S</emphasis>
spermatheca. Arrows in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A, D</emphasis>
indicate a pair of sclerotized extensions on the anterior margin of epigynal plate. Arrow in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
indicates a pair of copulatory ducts juxtaposed. Scale bars: 0. 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
As mentioned above, taxonomic relationship between
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sennin" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sennin" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Sennin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. and its potentially closest-related genera (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1986" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Baalzebub" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baalzebub" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Baalzebub</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and probably
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2010" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Karstia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karstia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Karstia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is not yet well defined. This also indicated that the establishment of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sennin" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sennin" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Sennin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. could render these related genera polyphyletic. To revise taxonomic status of these taxa in terms of monophyly, further integrative phylogenetic approach covering large number of species and genera is required.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
According to the morphology and a potential close-relatedness to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1986" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Baalzebub" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baalzebub" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Baalzebub</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Hiramatsu &amp; Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sennin" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sennin" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Sennin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. is here suggested to be assigned to the subfamily
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Theridiosomatinae">Theridiosomatinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="DD7C143BE2977244415257DFC01CDD59" lastPageNumber="527" pageNumber="526">
[[ soldier ]]. L. 3,7 a 3,8 mill. Tete tres grosse, rectangulaire, a cotes convexes, tres profondement echancree derriere. Mandibules courtes, lisses, luisantes. Epistome echancre au milieu de son bord anterieur. Yeux situes au quart anterieur de la tete. Scapes tres courts, courbes a leur base, n'atteignant pas la moitie de la distance qui separe leur base des angles posterieurs de la tete. Aretes frontales tres divergentes. Tete subdeprimee posterieurement, avec une impression transversale vague, mais distincte a son tiers posterieur, pomme chez la,
<taxonomicName id="98B653B81F314E93C393EFC839445308" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34033" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole sulcaticeps Roger" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole sulcaticeps Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="527" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcaticeps">Ph. sulcaticeps</taxonomicName>
. Une gouttiere longitudinale large prolonge en avant l'incisure occipitale jusque sur je vertex, ou elle s'efface peu a peu. Pronotum large, avec deux gros tubercules lateraux en. haut et deux en bas. Un bourrelet transversal au milieu du mesonotum qui est un peu concave et subvertical entre pe bourrelet et le metanotum. Epines du metanotum courtes, longues comme la moitie de l'intervalle de leurs bases. Face basale et face declive subegales. Le petiole anterieur du premier article du pedicule est large, deprime, termine devant, de chaque cote de la portion articulaire, par deux dents laterales horizontales, dirigees en dehors et tres distinctes; le noeud est plus ou moins rectangulaire, arrondi en dessus, cuneiforme-squamiforme. Le 2 me article est plus large que long et muni de deux larges et longues dents laterales recourbees en arriere. Abdomen tronque devant. Pattes courtes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="20B3DA80011C1B5BCE3BA68AE920634C" pageNumber="527">Dessous de la tete, milieu de l'epistome, derriere de l'occiput, pattes, scapes et derniers segments de l'abdomen lisses et luisants. Le reste finement reticule et subopaque. En outre le front, le vertex, les joues et les cotes de l'epistome sont grossierement et longitudinalement rides, le prothorax et le mesothorax ont des rides grossieres, irregulieres, les cotes de la tete des reticulations assez grossieres, et les angles posterieurs de la tete des reticujatipns rugueuses serrees, tres profondes et grossieres.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="968DE885C5A0CDAF65604382C0F7A463" pageNumber="527">Pilosite dressee, jaunatre, pointue, mediocrement abondante sur le corps, les scapes et les pattes. Pubescence tres diluee, presque nulle.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9FDED4DF928CC1A6A4029279FF1D14E8" pageNumber="527">Brunatre ou d'un brun rougeatre. Mandibules, antennes, devant de la tete et dessous du corps d'un rouge plus ou moins brunatre. Pattes d'un jaune brunatre,</paragraph>
<paragraph id="39CFBE9E52E88994CF05ED3B3894B282" pageNumber="527">[[ worker ]]. L. 1, 7 a 3 mill. Tete et thorax, retieules-ponctues et mats, le reste lisse et luisant. Tete distinctement, quoique faiblement echancree derriere, Les scapes ne depassent l'occiput que d' 1 / 5 de leur longeur (de plus d'. 1 / 4 chez la Ph. Sikorae). Pattes plug courtes que chez la, Ph. Sikorae. Tete et thorax d'un jaune un peu rougeatre. Abdomen avec un peu de brunatre, Du reste comme la Ph. Sikorae.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABC3AAD8318F3BDF3F8256AEF18D35E2" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CD414474440F55B38BC0F46552599E65">Foret d'Andrangoloaka.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

126
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<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Physalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minima">
<emphasis bold="true" pageNumber="741">Physalis minima</emphasis>
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<paragraph pageNumber="741">&quot;Habitat in Indiae aridis sordidis.&quot; RCN: 1454.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageNumber="741">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2611900767" collectionCode="BM" specimenCode="62" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus>Lectotype</typeStatus>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1754" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Physalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="741">Physalis</emphasis>
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6 (
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.
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<subSubSection pageNumber="741" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageNumber="741">
Current name:
<taxonomicName authority="L." authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Physalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angulata">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="741">Physalis angulata</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection pageNumber="742" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageNumber="742">
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="742">Note:</emphasis>
Heine (in
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aubréville">Aubreville</normalizedToken>
&amp; Leroy,
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="742">
Fl.
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</emphasis>
7: 132. 1975) wrongly indicated Hermann material (BM) as
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
but, in the absence of a reference in the protologue to
<normalizedToken originalValue="Linnaeus’">Linnaeus'</normalizedToken>
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="742">
<volumeTitle>Flora Zeylanica</volumeTitle>
</emphasis>
, this cannot be original material for this name. Heine took up
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Physalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="742">P. minima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the sense of
<taxonomicName authority="Roem. &amp; Schult" authorityName="Roem. &amp; Schult" authorityYear="1819" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Physalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lagascae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="742">P. lagascae</emphasis>
Roem. &amp; Schult
</taxonomicName>
, and was followed by a number of later authors. However, others have treated it as a synonym of
<taxonomicName authority="L." authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Physalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="742">P. angulata</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
(see Nicolson &amp; al. in
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="742">Regnum Veg</emphasis>
119: 248. 1988), and this is confirmed by
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<taxonomicName id="FDC58222F3FA20095499C4283ACDE433" ID-CoL="5L3TS" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subGenus="Sciurus" subSpecies="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="E2CD091F78CAB00F29356C9DD82188E0" italics="true" pageNumber="764">Sciurus (Sciurus) vulgaris</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="2E5E1FEFF76BB5A29C3B27C27CE4DD0D" italics="true" pageNumber="764">vulgaris</emphasis>
Linnaeus 1758
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="6692207B2488661E9B2C4A5452581D06" pageNumber="764">
<treatmentCitation id="2F16C46D31D948C7D0685EBED83967B7" author="Linnaeus" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="63" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subGenus="Sciurus" subSpecies="vulgaris" title="Sciurus (Sciurus) vulgaris subsp. vulgaris" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">
<taxonomicName id="18197994538D06E4982A222A4E3363C4" ID-CoL="5L3TS" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subGenus="Sciurus" subSpecies="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="762594C82428384CD05E1B4E924B302E" italics="true" pageNumber="764">Sciurus (Sciurus) vulgaris</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="AA62AFD73F5D4F81FF18B5F972A42461" italics="true" pageNumber="764">vulgaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A9D8AE9B1850D3EFC9A6789459691423" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="33252A2462975A85ADB50E74D074291C" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="764" pagination="63" title="Sciurus (Sciurus) vulgaris subsp. vulgaris" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 63</bibCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="E8CB02092AFF34614F25B4D11C8B7922" pageNumber="764">
<emphasis id="713D4232BD2F55B06C952B212D813FE7" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="764">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="003B260695553B630EF40162A3D70BCB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867319407" country="Sweden" pageNumber="764" stateProvince="Uppsala">
&quot;in Europae arboribus.&quot; Restricted by
<bibRefCitation id="639E02E18EDFE1E9FB761EC51F3C262B" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref353417" refString="Thomas, O. 1911 a. The mammals of the tenth edition of Linnaeus; an attempt to fix the types of the genera and the exact bases and localities of the species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911: 120 - 158." year="1911">
Thomas (1911
<emphasis id="9DED560692993D2BDCE4D85176D03021" italics="true" pageNumber="764">a</emphasis>
:148)
</bibRefCitation>
to
<collectingRegion id="74C4E6853A8C77F8706D8B4030F9A7FD" country="Sweden" name="Uppsala">Uppsala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F439BA58CD76E192C2C2AD366BA9218D" name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5AB2953F3AB6A5BBAD25908C29BD3B35" pageNumber="764" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="A5F8479946F8AD79940D40CDCC62F856" pageNumber="764">
<emphasis id="F0846BECF559AB6B5F22046A3D8F6806" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="764">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4D85CBD7BB90CDCFE7A8DEADFC9B8F72" authority="Billberg 1827" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1827" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subGenus="Sciurus" subSpecies="albonotatus">
<emphasis id="564C2DD2BA5DA58A65ED3F42C47FBCB8" italics="true" pageNumber="764">Sciurus (Sciurus) vulgaris</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="9F7AA029080F85228313D528C6E1442F" italics="true" pageNumber="764">albonotatus</emphasis>
Billberg 1827
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="7C7D694C0BFDCECF5FF476ADD5ACCA53" authority="Billberg 1827" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1827" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subGenus="Sciurus" subSpecies="albus">
<emphasis id="608385DC6F6B2D54827D84EEBA3113F1" italics="true" pageNumber="764">Sciurus (Sciurus) vulgaris</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="64D1A382D6CBF6C26ABB2E23BE9F63CC" italics="true" pageNumber="764">albus</emphasis>
Billberg 1827
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FDDDDBDF6E457E9807EDED84D805E250" authority="Pietruski 1853" authorityName="Pietruski" authorityYear="1853" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subGenus="Sciurus" subSpecies="carpathicus">
<emphasis id="3EF0900685EC27A6BBB900BE3124BC79" italics="true" pageNumber="764">Sciurus (Sciurus) vulgaris</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="0FD1FAAB2D7CA50855606E00BE12A03E" italics="true" pageNumber="764">carpathicus</emphasis>
Pietruski 1853
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="D4C3F5990910DD481F8AD10183946527" authority="Gray 1843" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subGenus="Sciurus" subSpecies="europaeus">
<emphasis id="EC2DC870186F37B09DF377376BE65A10" italics="true" pageNumber="764">Sciurus (Sciurus) vulgaris</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="7FEB57918B87E262EDEAAAD68D0DC44A" italics="true" pageNumber="764">europaeus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D456F8264D8CED850D704B96A9E9D0F1" author="Gray, J. E." refId="ref128376" refString="Gray, J. E. 1843. List of the specimens of Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History) Publications, London, 216 pp." year="1843">Gray 1843</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="AAB345419707834B1720C84EC83F4BAF" authority="Billberg 1827" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1827" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subGenus="Sciurus" subSpecies="niger">
<emphasis id="0152665A0E0ED3FAA49D527DC49E85D3" italics="true" pageNumber="764">Sciurus (Sciurus) vulgaris</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B223E199C88690E3076F53BB9FEBD718" italics="true" pageNumber="764">niger</emphasis>
Billberg 1827
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="8CE03A767ED02ADC5ECA83BAEF282966" authority="Kerr 1792" authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subGenus="Sciurus" subSpecies="rufus">
<emphasis id="CC79B6E182C28982DB26971B9A521ACB" italics="true" pageNumber="764">Sciurus (Sciurus) vulgaris</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="7303FD618AB0870BB43282CCC45336FC" italics="true" pageNumber="764">rufus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="158F4E4FD8C30B6A4FCDEF05B0A46ACC" author="Kerr, R." refId="ref183257" refString="Kerr, R. 1792. The animal kingdom, or zoological system, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnaeus; class I: Mammalia. London, J. Murray &amp; R. Faulder, 664 pp." year="1792">Kerr 1792</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="67A3E5DAEC996BE38A2DDAB16309F7BD" authority="Barret-Hamilton 1899" authorityName="Barret-Hamilton" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subGenus="Sciurus" subSpecies="typicus">
<emphasis id="7F11232BF03A50BABBEA0090E6193EC1" italics="true" pageNumber="764">Sciurus (Sciurus) vulgaris</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="FF5817DAC19892D69FCF327AE4D8198A" italics="true" pageNumber="764">typicus</emphasis>
Barret-Hamilton 1899
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="4EBBC43FAEE911F9BEB7AA59AE1E6FF1">Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas</mods:title>
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siler
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,
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6. Laserpitium foliolis lanceolatis integerrimis petiolatis.
<emphasis id="DF3421A039C874FFB61F5E104378FDF3" italics="true">Hort. cliff. 96. Mat. med. 124.</emphasis>
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Ligusticum quod Seseli officinarum.
<emphasis id="159692E550B350D0B51E678E8806C889" italics="true">Bauh. pin. 162.</emphasis>
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Siler montanum.
<emphasis id="71EB1B997F3BA8768F230F10296723C7" italics="true">Moris. hist. 3. p. 276. s.9. t.3. f.1.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0CCCC60C3EF77B39A987CBBBA40C5FD6" italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
Austria
<emphasis id="77C3B68200BF43D74B77BA21A6AB7BAA" italics="true">,</emphasis>
Helvetia
<emphasis id="F42DB9052A5204DF464E87796DE12075" italics="true">,</emphasis>
Gallia
<emphasis id="59DAA8B8FD7D81B7B130E4D1444BFB4B" italics="true">. ♃</emphasis>
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