Add updates up until 2024-12-17 00:21:19
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<document id="D352E37DB926A9D1E512620B1BF5EFCC" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad193" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14422913" ID-ZooBank="14C8AFF-46EF-4BEC-814D-417F0AE66659" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1734029062126" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Isasmendi, Erik, Cuesta, Elena, Díaz-Martínez, Ignacio, Company, Julio, Sáez-Benito, Patxi, Viera, Luis I., Torices, Angelica & Pereda-Suberbiola, Xabier" docDate="2024" docId="03AB87A8FFD17E6E5422C2B2FA995D2C" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad193.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 202 (3)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad193" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.9:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Riojavenatrix lacustris Isasmendi, Cuesta, Díaz-Martínez, Company, Sáez-Benito, Viera, Torices & Pereda-Suberbiola, 2024, sp.nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FF92FFD0FFD57E60550EC45AFFA15827" masterDocTitle="Increasing the theropod record of Europe: a new basal spinosaurid from the Enciso Group of the Cameros Basin (La Rioja, Spain). Evolutionary implications and palaeobiodiversity" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1734029570397" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="56FC5BECEB2B2B27A16CB812085152DC">
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<mods:title id="A43CE75B3DBF90755F67AF6F3734EA93">Increasing the theropod record of Europe: a new basal spinosaurid from the Enciso Group of the Cameros Basin (La Rioja, Spain). Evolutionary implications and palaeobiodiversity</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F41C20D6AE158C6C62098DC6E43D52F0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A6D078F5EC4FDA27AE586F0DF7ECC938">Isasmendi, Erik</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:affiliation id="840B6B979B0AC451F7D0927141134326">Departamento de Geología / Geologia Saila, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología / Zientzia eta Teknologia Fakultatea, Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Barrio Sarriena, 48940 Leioa, Spain & Centro de Interpretación Paleontológica de La Rioja, C. Mayor 10, 26525 Igea, La Rioja, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="DA7A6DBE34057C1D57B04F125E2B248E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A335EBBD0439D5BB28383A4892AC10CA">Cuesta, Elena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2D85B6761AACCB0E3C5536EBCE3EE3AC">Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, Avenida Fontana 140, 9100 Trelew, Chubut, Argentina & Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Ludwig Maximilian Universität, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 10, 80333 Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="B74F837E801860CB7AE52423A2018C36" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D2981A18E712495AE2C158BB51DA8263">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="15F55A432C0758F3F1CF03881AB88142">Díaz-Martínez, Ignacio</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:affiliation id="5BD0ABC93134CC88B344D5D172CC1D4A">Departamento de Geología / Geologia Saila, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología / Zientzia eta Teknologia Fakultatea, Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Barrio Sarriena, 48940 Leioa, Spain & Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología (IIPG), CONICET, Avenida Roca 1242, 8332 General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina & Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cantabria, Avenida Los Castros s / n, Santander 39005, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A4EC6BAF046523FB9080995FE87A1AB7">Company, Julio</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:affiliation id="EA97125C2D160A1CB9C5DF84FEBEEF98">Universitat Politècnica de València, Departamento de Ingeniería del Terreno, Camino de Vera s / n, 46022 Valencia, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="183383E49F057821A7E5D9511DE35F1D">Sáez-Benito, Patxi</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:affiliation id="E9C6C0D0C3DB2EF985EA2DD9F8509166">Centro de Interpretación Paleontológica de La Rioja, C. Mayor 10, 26525 Igea, La Rioja, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="EF24D58380E4C7FF5CA9EF38CBA7DC99">Viera, Luis I.</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:affiliation id="F03E7493C2C99D2E49407DF4BD6DA6F8">Centro de Interpretación Paleontológica de La Rioja, C. Mayor 10, 26525 Igea, La Rioja, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="B0F85857A43B3EE9DE32BDAAB9B87573">Torices, Angelica</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:affiliation id="64D501FFCB319255C97864D2300F9667">Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="35CB6B15DB37D0C64219AB88E2E37FE1">Pereda-Suberbiola, Xabier</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:affiliation id="8495475D2AE5C1BA2DB2FBD4C0EEC73B">Departamento de Geología / Geologia Saila, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología / Zientzia eta Teknologia Fakultatea, Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Barrio Sarriena, 48940 Leioa, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="748BAEFE8E4CA0AF8F1486927EB90791">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EDE0E08032917191B443C2989A2ACAC0">
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<mods:date id="23F80C42A60933C4FF08099B839C41CB">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="D6691D3373F4C5A3B11F040205E085FE">Zool. J. Linn. Soc.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="7736951E12B1055C08F8705FBD594739">2024-02-19</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="4A8C3FC1AA6C7D378ED2E0CF1E0DF185" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="887C9D26694279CB76FE75015970256D">202</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C6E91A33AF1C1480F19835F959FAE343" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E290C159A60FF2B4028E6925F2FCE141">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A1F6FB8CE0F651FC13E36E7238D007CE">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="AF3B0A6D6579DFBF46DD22A5FE630655">34</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="B6D3B697DE42F0DFBEE53C9278A74CE0">https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad193</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="F505DF7DB5D562B073D32178FE776F61">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B4C3C0073F51356B65D1024A3E0AB824" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad193</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="49CA87B4EA95D93393F2AAE79805E1F2" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B2D513EA4712FAEDCF5266E60BA026CD" type="Zenodo-Dep">14422913</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1FA83F6616F00EB215F23EDE7346B669" type="ZooBank">14C8AFF-46EF-4BEC-814D-417F0AE66659</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AB87A8FFD17E6E5422C2B2FA995D2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB87A8FFD17E6E5422C2B2FA995D2C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87A8FFD17E6E5422C2B2FA995D2C" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="C3186535FFD17E645422C2B2FE865F46" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD17E645422C2B2FDFF5F25" blockId="4.[300,606,1767,1794]" box="[300,606,1767,1794]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="D0F581D2FFD17E645422C2B2FDFF5F25" bold="true" box="[300,606,1767,1794]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E645422C2B2FDFF5F25" bold="true" box="[300,606,1767,1794]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD17E645422C2B2FDAC5F25" authorityName="Isasmendi & Cuesta & Díaz-Martínez & Company & Sáez-Benito & Viera & Torices & Pereda-Suberbiola" authorityYear="2024" box="[300,525,1767,1794]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Riojavenatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacustris" status="sp. nov.">
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||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E645422C2B2FDAC5F25" bold="true" box="[300,525,1767,1794]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Riojavenatrix lacustris</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24557D7FFD17E64571CC2B2FDFF5F25" box="[530,606,1768,1794]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD17E64558FC370FE865F46" blockId="4.[129,777,1834,1889]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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lsid:
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFA40C6BFFD17E6454B0C370FE865F46" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">F5E10E99-9BD8-4384-9FD1- 36575E24B05D</uuid>
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<subSubSection id="C3186535FFD17E6E558FC326FA995D2C" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD17E64558FC326FEE15F94" blockId="4.[129,777,1916,1971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E64558FC326FF515FB3" box="[129,240,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology:</emphasis>
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||||
Latin for ‘related to a lake’, which declines from the word ‘
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<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E6455CEC3C1FF515F94" box="[192,240,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">lacus</emphasis>
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||||
’ (lake).
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||||
</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD17E645637C4CAFA1159A4" blockId="4.[825,1475,144,387]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
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<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E645637C4CAFC39588F" box="[825,920,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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||||
<typeStatus id="54B9881CFFD17E645637C4CAFC32588F" box="[825,915,144,168]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||||
:
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</emphasis>
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||||
A partial skeleton of a single individual, including:
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<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E645094C4CAFCCD58E0" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CPI 1637</emphasis>
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, left femur;
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<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E6456E8C4EAFBE658E0" box="[998,1095,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CPI 1638</emphasis>
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||||
, left tibia and astragalus;
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<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E64504AC4EAFCE958C1" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CPI 1639A– B</emphasis>
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, left fibula;
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<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E6456CBC495FB8658C0" box="[965,1063,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CPI 1640</emphasis>
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||||
, left metatarsal III;
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||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E6451F8C495FA2458C0" box="[1270,1413,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CPI 1641A–B</emphasis>
|
||||
, right ischium;
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||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E645698C4B4FC565921" box="[918,1015,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CPI 1642</emphasis>
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, right tibia;
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<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E64517FC4B4FB735921" box="[1137,1234,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CPI 1643</emphasis>
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, right femur;
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<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E645052C4B4FA1D5921" box="[1372,1468,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CPI 1644</emphasis>
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, possible fragment of metatarsal II;
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<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E6451ACC554FAA35902" box="[1186,1282,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CPI 1645</emphasis>
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||||
, left phalanx III-1;
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<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E645635C577FC395962" box="[827,920,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CPI 1646</emphasis>
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||||
, left phalanx III-3;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E64515DC577FB125962" box="[1107,1203,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CPI 1647</emphasis>
|
||||
, left phalanx I-2;
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||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E645052C577FA1D5962" box="[1372,1468,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CPI 1648</emphasis>
|
||||
, left phalanx IV-2 (or IV-3);
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E64515BC516FB435943" box="[1109,1250,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CPI 1675A–B</emphasis>
|
||||
, left pubis;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E645052C516FA1D5943" box="[1372,1468,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CPI 1676</emphasis>
|
||||
, left calcaneum; and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E64510CC536FBC359A4" box="[1026,1122,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CPI 1677</emphasis>
|
||||
, fragment of a dorsal neural arch.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD17E645637C5FFFA965A3C" blockId="4.[824,1474,421,539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E645637C5FFFBED599A" box="[825,1100,421,445]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type locality and horizon:</emphasis>
|
||||
Virgen del Villar-1 site,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="49C6F85CFFD17E645051C5FFFA1E599A" box="[1375,1471,421,445]" country="Spain" name="La Rioja" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">La Rioja</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
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<collectingCountry id="F315762EFFD17E645637C59EFCD759FB" box="[825,886,452,476]" name="Spain" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
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; the Enciso Group is uppermost Barremian–lower Aptian (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B4FFFD17E64564AC5B9FBFB59DC" author="Suarez-Gonzalez P & Quijada IE & Benito Moreno MI" box="[836,1114,483,507]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="285 - 312" refId="ref33498" refString="Suarez-Gonzalez P, Quijada IE, Benito Moreno MI et al. Eustatic versus tectonic control in an intraplate rift basin (Leza Fm, Cameros Basin). Chronostratigraphic and paleogeographic implications for the Aptian of Iberia. Journal of Iberian Geology 2013; 39: 285 - 312. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5209 / rev _ JIGE. 2013. v 39. n 2.42502" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||||
Suarez-Gonzalez
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E6456FBC5BEFB8359DC" box="[1013,1058,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2013
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B4FFFD17E64516AC5B9FB3959DC" author="Suarez-Gonzalez P & Quijada IE & Benito MI" box="[1124,1176,483,507]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="95 - 117" refId="ref33571" refString="Suarez-Gonzalez P, Quijada IE, Benito MI et al. Sedimentology of ancient coastal wetlands: insights from a Cretaceous multifaceted depositional system. Journal of Sedimentary Research 2015; 85: 95 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.2110 / jsr. 2015.07" type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), but the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54B9881CFFD17E6451F7C5BEFA8659DB" box="[1273,1319,484,508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality is most likely to be lower Aptian within the Enciso Group.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD17E645637C667FBFD5DC6" blockId="4.[822,1477,572,1505]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E645637C667FC3D5A73" box="[825,924,573,596]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||||
A medium- to large-sized spinosaurid theropod with the following unique combination of characters within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD17E645020C601FA1E5A54" authorityName="Stromer" authorityYear="1915" box="[1326,1471,603,627]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Spinosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: (i)alateromediallythickandtriangularpubicbootindistalview,with a straight posterolateral margin (similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD17E6451D8C6C0FAC15A95" baseAuthorityName="Mateus and Estraviz-Lopez" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1238,1376,666,690]" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Ichthyovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E6451D8C6C0FAC15A95" box="[1238,1376,666,690]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ichthyovenator</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, although in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD17E64565FC6E3FC7A5AF6" baseAuthorityName="Mateus and Estraviz-Lopez" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[849,987,697,721]" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Ichthyovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E64565FC6E3FC7A5AF6" box="[849,987,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ichthyovenator</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
this margin is concave, but it is absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD17E64506EC6E0FA1A5AF6" baseAuthorityName="Viera and Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[1376,1467,698,721]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Baryonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E64506EC6E0FA1A5AF6" box="[1376,1467,698,721]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Baryonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD17E645637C683FC115AD6" box="[825,944,729,753]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Suchomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E645637C683FC115AD6" box="[825,944,729,753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Suchomimus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and FSAC-KK 11888); (ii) an anteroposteriorly expanded ischial boot with an anterodorsally oriented tip and an angular anterodistal surface (absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD17E6451AFC74DFA8A5B08" baseAuthorityName="Mateus and Estraviz-Lopez" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1185,1323,791,815]" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Ichthyovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E6451AFC74DFA8A5B08" box="[1185,1323,791,815]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ichthyovenator</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and FSAC-KK 11888; similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD17E6456EFC76DFB695B68" authorityName="Mantell" authorityYear="1827" box="[993,1224,823,847]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E6456EFC76DFB695B68" box="[993,1224,823,847]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); (iii) a narrow, restricted and relatively deep articular groove on the proximal surface of the femur, which is anteromedially–posterolaterally inclined (distinct from those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD17E6456C5C7CFFB875B8B" baseAuthorityName="Viera and Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[971,1062,917,940]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Baryonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E6456C5C7CFFB875B8B" box="[971,1062,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Baryonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD17E645154C7CFFB705B8A" box="[1114,1233,917,941]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Suchomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E645154C7CFFB705B8A" box="[1114,1233,917,941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Suchomimus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); (iv) a medial femoral condyle with the long axis exhibiting only slight posteromedial orientation (distinct from those in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD17E6451B4C78EFAB45BCC" baseAuthorityName="Viera and Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[1210,1301,980,1003]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Baryonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E6451B4C78EFAB45BCC" box="[1210,1301,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Baryonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, ‘
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD17E645020C78EFA015BCC" box="[1326,1440,980,1003]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Spinosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E645020C78EFA015BCC" box="[1326,1440,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Spinosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
B’ (Nr.
|
||||
<date id="FFBC107EFFD17E64566FC7A9FC0A5C2D" box="[865,939,1011,1035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1922-10">1922 X</date>
|
||||
45),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD17E6456D2C7A9FBF55C2C" box="[988,1108,1011,1035]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Suchomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E6456D2C7A9FBF55C2C" box="[988,1108,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Suchomimus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and FSAC-KK 11888); (v) presence of a vertical ridge on the medial margin of the ascending process of the astragalus (potential autapomophy, but it could also be a character in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD17E6456B7C00BFBE45C4E" authorityName="Stromer" authorityYear="1915" box="[953,1093,1105,1129]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Spinosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
because no other spinosaurid astragalus has been described to date); (vi) height of ascending process of the astragalus more than twice the height of the astragalar body (potential autapomophy, but it could also be a character in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD17E645635C094FC665CC1" authorityName="Stromer" authorityYear="1915" box="[827,967,1230,1254]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Spinosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
because no other spinosaurid astragalus has been described to date); (vii) presence of an anterior depression with a dorsally located foramen on the lateral surface of the calcaneum (autapomorphy; absent in other spinosaurids); and (viii) absence of a longitudinal groove on the medial surface of phalanx I-2 (potential autapomophy, but it could also be a character in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD17E645637C1D0FC645D85" authorityName="Stromer" authorityYear="1915" box="[825,965,1418,1442]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Spinosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or even in Megalosauroidea; given that this element is not preserved in other spinosaurids or megalosauroids, a synapomorphy cannot be excluded).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD17E645146C25CFB155E38" blockId="4.[1096,1204,1542,1567]" box="[1096,1204,1542,1567]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E645146C25CFB155E38" box="[1096,1204,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD17E645132C26EFB1E5E69" blockId="4.[1084,1215,1588,1614]" box="[1084,1215,1588,1614]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E645132C26EFB1E5E69" box="[1084,1215,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Axial skeleton</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD17E645637C201FB8A5F8B" blockId="4.[824,1476,1627,1964]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E645637C201FB895E55" box="[825,1064,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
Dorsal vertebra (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD17E6456EEC201FBB75E54" box="[992,1046,1627,1651]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,1212,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-695@5.[114,1458,1209,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3.Riojavenatrix lacustris, mid- to posterior dorsal vertebra (CPI 1677). A, anterior view. B, left lateral view. C, posterior view. Abbreviations:hy, hyposphene; ils, interspinous ligament scar; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pocdp, postzygocentrodiapophyseal fossa; sdf, spinodiapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal laminae; sprf; spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal laminae; tp, transverse process.Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422921/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
):
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
This piece consists of the mid- and posterior portions of the base of the neural arch, the bases of the transverse processes, and the neural spine of a mid- or posterior dorsal vertebra (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD17E6456E8C2E3FBE85EF6" box="[998,1097,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CPI 1677</emphasis>
|
||||
). The neural arch does not preserve any of the zygapophyses. The thickness of the neural spine is constant across its anteroposterior length, but anteriorly, the interspinous ligament scar is present and slightly thickens the neural spine transversely (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD17E64514DC36CFB2D5F69" box="[1091,1164,1846,1870]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,1212,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-695@5.[114,1458,1209,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3.Riojavenatrix lacustris, mid- to posterior dorsal vertebra (CPI 1677). A, anterior view. B, left lateral view. C, posterior view. Abbreviations:hy, hyposphene; ils, interspinous ligament scar; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pocdp, postzygocentrodiapophyseal fossa; sdf, spinodiapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal laminae; sprf; spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal laminae; tp, transverse process.Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422921/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The right spinodiapophyseal fossa is smooth, whereas the left one is more rugose. The transverse processes are horizontal in lateral view and slightly inclined dorsolaterally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD17E6456DAC3CEFBBB5F8B" box="[980,1050,1940,1964]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,1212,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-695@5.[114,1458,1209,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3.Riojavenatrix lacustris, mid- to posterior dorsal vertebra (CPI 1677). A, anterior view. B, left lateral view. C, posterior view. Abbreviations:hy, hyposphene; ils, interspinous ligament scar; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pocdp, postzygocentrodiapophyseal fossa; sdf, spinodiapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal laminae; sprf; spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal laminae; tp, transverse process.Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422921/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD07E655583C4CAFD6B5A78" blockId="5.[111,764,144,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
Anteriorly, the spinoprezygapophyseal laminae would have bounded a deep and dorsoventrally elongate spinoprezygapophyseal fossa, which is filled with matrix. This was inferred considering the distance between both laminae, the posterior extension of the fossa, and the considerable missing anterior portion of the spine (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E6555F8C577FE9F5962" box="[246,318,301,325]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,1212,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-695@5.[114,1458,1209,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3.Riojavenatrix lacustris, mid- to posterior dorsal vertebra (CPI 1677). A, anterior view. B, left lateral view. C, posterior view. Abbreviations:hy, hyposphene; ils, interspinous ligament scar; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pocdp, postzygocentrodiapophyseal fossa; sdf, spinodiapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal laminae; sprf; spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal laminae; tp, transverse process.Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422921/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). On the posterior side, another fossa is present, interpreted here as the spinopostzygapophyseal fossa (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E6557DBC516FF2E59A4" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,1212,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-695@5.[114,1458,1209,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3.Riojavenatrix lacustris, mid- to posterior dorsal vertebra (CPI 1677). A, anterior view. B, left lateral view. C, posterior view. Abbreviations:hy, hyposphene; ils, interspinous ligament scar; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pocdp, postzygocentrodiapophyseal fossa; sdf, spinodiapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal laminae; sprf; spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal laminae; tp, transverse process.Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422921/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This fossa is also dorsoventrally elongate and deep, delimited by the spinopostzygapophyseal laminae. Ventrally, these laminae merge to form the hyposphene (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E6554C7C5F0FDB459E5" box="[457,533,426,450]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,1212,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-695@5.[114,1458,1209,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3.Riojavenatrix lacustris, mid- to posterior dorsal vertebra (CPI 1677). A, anterior view. B, left lateral view. C, posterior view. Abbreviations:hy, hyposphene; ils, interspinous ligament scar; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pocdp, postzygocentrodiapophyseal fossa; sdf, spinodiapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal laminae; sprf; spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal laminae; tp, transverse process.Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422921/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Underneath the left transverse process, a fragment of the posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina is centrally positioned, extending ventrally to the centrum (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E655572C652FF1F5A07" box="[124,190,520,544]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,1212,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-695@5.[114,1458,1209,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3.Riojavenatrix lacustris, mid- to posterior dorsal vertebra (CPI 1677). A, anterior view. B, left lateral view. C, posterior view. Abbreviations:hy, hyposphene; ils, interspinous ligament scar; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pocdp, postzygocentrodiapophyseal fossa; sdf, spinodiapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal laminae; sprf; spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal laminae; tp, transverse process.Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422921/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig.3B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).Posterior to this lamina,the postzygocentrodiapophyseal fossa is present on the right side of the neural arch (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E65577AC67DFD185A18" box="[628,697,551,575]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,1212,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-695@5.[114,1458,1209,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3.Riojavenatrix lacustris, mid- to posterior dorsal vertebra (CPI 1677). A, anterior view. B, left lateral view. C, posterior view. Abbreviations:hy, hyposphene; ils, interspinous ligament scar; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pocdp, postzygocentrodiapophyseal fossa; sdf, spinodiapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal laminae; sprf; spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal laminae; tp, transverse process.Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422921/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This fossa is also present on the left side, but it is less pronounced.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD07E655441C624FDBD5ABF" blockId="5.[335,540,638,664]" box="[335,540,638,664]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD07E655441C624FDBD5ABF" box="[335,540,638,664]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Appendicular skeleton</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD07E655471C6E7FE4C5AF0" blockId="5.[112,764,701,1139]" box="[383,493,701,727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD07E655471C6E7FE4C5AF0" box="[383,493,701,727]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pelvic girdle</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD07E65557FC6B9FA835962" blockId="5.[112,764,701,1139]" lastBlockId="5.[808,1461,144,826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD07E65557FC6B9FE855ADC" box="[113,292,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
Pubis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E6555B9C6BEFEB35ADC" box="[183,274,739,763]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4A–J</figureCitation>
|
||||
):
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Two fragments of the left pubis are preserved (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD07E655572C759FEA55B3C" box="[124,260,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">CPI 1675A–B</emphasis>
|
||||
). The proximal fragment preserves the articular surface for the ischium, the surface of the acetabulum, and part of the iliac articulation (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E655414C71BFED85B7E" box="[282,377,833,857]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig.4A–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The iliac articulation is broad, strongly rugose, and somewhat convex in proximal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E655744C73BFD2F5B5E" box="[586,654,865,889]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Adjacent to the medial margin, an anteroposteriorly elongate concavity is present on this articular surface.However,this area is not well preserved and might be an artefact of abrasion. The iliac peduncle is not complete anteriorly, but it broadens towards the acetabular surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E6557D8C784FF2D5C32" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The medial surface of the iliac peduncle is straight, becoming convex near the acetabular surface in proximal view. Posterior to the iliac articular facet, the acetabular surface is a small triangular concavity, which is located medially on the proximal surface and is posteromedially inclined (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E65513EC4CAFBD6588F" box="[1072,1143,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The ischial peduncle projects posteriorlyandtapersposterodistallytowardstheischialarticulation (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E65563AC495FCDA58C0" box="[820,891,207,231]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig.4D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The ischial articulation is not completely preserved at the proximal end. It is triangular in posterior view and posteromedially directed (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E655686C557FC6E5902" box="[904,975,269,293]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The obturator notch is distally opened, relatively small anteroposteriorly, and subcircular (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E6551BAC577FAB35962" box="[1204,1298,301,325]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD07E65564BC516FA125B1D" blockId="5.[808,1461,144,826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
The distal fragment of the left pubis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E6551BEC516FAA95943" box="[1200,1288,332,356]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4F–J</figureCitation>
|
||||
) lacks part of the symphysis and the medial portion of the distal expansion (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E65506BC531FA0259A4" box="[1381,1443,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The shaft of the distal fragment is straight and shows a teardrop-shaped cross-section at the level of the symphysis. The pubic apron projects as a blade from the shaft (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E65517BC593FB1259C6" box="[1141,1203,457,481]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The symphysis is almost entirely missing, but the preserved distal part is medially projected. Furthermore, it is sigmoidal in medial view, with a large distal extension. Based on the breakage surface, its development, and distalmost extension of the preserved apron, the pubic apron would have almost reached or slightly extended along the pubic boot (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E65506DC63CFA025A59" box="[1379,1443,614,638]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The pubis is slightly expanded anteriorly on its distal end, and it has a greater posterior projection (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E655159C6FFFB125A9B" box="[1111,1203,677,701]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4G, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In distal view, the pubic boot is mediolaterally broad, especially at its centre (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E655012C69EFAC55AFB" box="[1308,1380,708,732]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Its anterior and medial surfaces are convex, whereas the lateral surface is gently concave. The posterior process of the pubic boot tapers posteriorly.Indistalview,thepubicbootistriangularinshape (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E655055C778FA025B1D" box="[1371,1443,802,826]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig.4H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD07E675624C701FDA558C0" blockId="5.[810,1460,859,1134]" lastBlockId="7.[113,764,144,1171]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD07E655624C701FBA35B54" box="[810,1026,859,883]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
Ischium (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E655684C706FC515B54" box="[906,1008,859,883]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4K–T</figureCitation>
|
||||
):
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The right ischium preserves its proximal end (including the iliac peduncle), part of the shaft and the ischial boot (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD07E6556AAC7C0FB955B95" box="[932,1076,922,946]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">CPI 1641A–B</emphasis>
|
||||
). Both lateral and medial surfaces of the iliac peduncle are convex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E655168C7E3FB125BF6" box="[1126,1203,953,977]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
). At the level of the surface of the acetabulum, the medial surface is flat and the lateral one is slightly concave, whereas near the pubic peduncle, the medial surface becomes concave and the lateral surface convex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD07E65563BC06DFC205C68" box="[821,897,1079,1103]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In the posterior margin of the iliac peduncle, there is a dorsoventrally directed crest, forming a bulge near the dorsal margin. This bulge can be observed in medial and lateral views (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E675572C4F5FF4858E0" box="[124,233,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4L–N</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Anterior to this crest, the medial surface shows some proximodistally oriented furrows.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF7D6636FFD07E65557DC314FB7E5F9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422921" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14422921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422921/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[115,180,1870,1894]" targetBox="[117,1455,1212,1840]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD07E65557DC314FB7E5F9D" blockId="5.[113,1428,1870,1979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD07E65557DC314FE0A5F41" bold="true" box="[115,427,1870,1895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
Figure 3.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD07E6555C0C315FE0A5F41" authorityName="Isasmendi & Cuesta & Díaz-Martínez & Company & Sáez-Benito & Viera & Torices & Pereda-Suberbiola" authorityYear="2024" box="[206,427,1870,1895]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Riojavenatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacustris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD07E6555C0C315FE0A5F41" bold="true" box="[206,427,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Riojavenatrix lacustris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, mid- to posterior dorsal vertebra (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD07E6557F8C315FCF15F40" box="[758,848,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">CPI 1677</emphasis>
|
||||
). A, anterior view. B, left lateral view. C, posterior view. Abbreviations: hy, hyposphene; ils, interspinous ligament scar; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pocdp, postzygocentrodiapophyseal fossa; sdf, spinodiapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal laminae; sprf; spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal laminae; tp, transverse process. Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF7D6636FFD37E66558FC370FEBF5F95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" targetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD37E66558FC370FEBF5F95" blockId="6.[129,1472,1834,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD37E66558FC370FE1B5F65" bold="true" box="[129,442,1834,1858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
Figure 4.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD37E6655D3C370FE1B5F65" authorityName="Isasmendi & Cuesta & Díaz-Martínez & Company & Sáez-Benito & Viera & Torices & Pereda-Suberbiola" authorityYear="2024" box="[221,442,1834,1858]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Riojavenatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacustris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD37E6655D3C370FE1B5F65" bold="true" box="[221,442,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Riojavenatrix lacustris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, left pubis (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD37E665724C371FD0F5F65" box="[554,686,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">CPI 1675A–B</emphasis>
|
||||
) and right ischium (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD37E66567CC371FC545F65" box="[882,1013,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">CPI 1641A–B</emphasis>
|
||||
) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views. A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars: 5 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD27E675583C4B4FEB95A18" blockId="7.[113,764,144,1171]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
The iliac peduncle is mediolaterally expanded, with an oval contour in proximal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E67548BC557FE705902" box="[389,465,269,293]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Although it is abraded, the articular surface of the iliac peduncle is concave posteromedially. A protuberance is present at the centre of the concavity, bounded anteriorly and medially by a groove. This concavity is anterolaterally delimited by a transversely oriented edge (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E6757DAC5D1FF3359E5" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The surface of the acetabulum bears a pronounced concavity that becomes shallower anteriorly. In proximal view, the acetabular surface has a medial crest, partly broken. This crest extends anteriorly from the anteromedial edge of the iliac articulation (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E6755B2C67DFEA65A18" box="[188,263,551,575]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD27E675583C61DFE8D5CB4" blockId="7.[113,764,144,1171]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
The preserved cross-section of the ischial diaphysis is somewhat oval, with a rounded crest, posterolaterally directed, running longitudinally on the lateral surface of the shaft (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E6757A9C6DFFF3E5A9A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4O, R, S</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The posterior surface of the diaphysis is concave proximally and flattens towards the ischial boot, becoming a crest at the boot (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E6755F8C6B9FE9C5ADC" box="[246,317,739,763]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4S</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Both medial and anterior surfaces of the shaft are flat (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E6755F1C759FEC45B3D" box="[255,357,771,795]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4O, P</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The ischial boot, triangular in medial or lateral view, is not strongly expanded anteroposteriorly and exhibits an angular anterodistal surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E67572EC71BFD275B7E" box="[544,646,833,857]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4P, R</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The posterior half of the lateral surface is convex, whereas the anterior half shows a concavity caused by the anterior process of the ischial boot (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E67540CC7C5FEF15B90" box="[258,336,927,951]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4R</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This anterior process is connected to the diaphysis by a blade that becomes gradually less prominent proximally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E6755FFC784FE9A5BD1" box="[241,315,990,1014]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4R</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The blade is laterally inclined distally and becomes vertical proximally. The medial surface of the ischial boot is flat and shows some longitudinal striations that run proximally to the shaft (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E675464C066FE135C73" box="[362,434,1084,1108]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4P</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In distal view, the ischial boot shows a triangular outline owing to the tapering of the anterior process (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E6755DEC021FEBA5CB4" box="[208,283,1147,1171]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,145,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[165,1438,142,1806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pubis (CPI 1675A–B) and right ischium (CPI 1641A–B) in anterior (A, F, K, O), medial (B, G, L, P), lateral (C, I, M, R), posterior (D, J, N, S), proximal (E, Q), and distal (H, T) views.A–E, proximal left pubis. F–J, left pubic shaft and distal boot. K–N, proximal right ischium. O–T, right ischial shaft and distal boot. Abbreviations: ap, anterior process of the ischial boot; as, acetabular surface; ilp, iliac peduncle; isb, ischial boot; isp, ischial peduncle; on, obturator notch; pa, pubic apron; pb, pubic boot; pbg, posterior bulge. Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422925/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4T</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD27E675486C0E8FE455CEB" blockId="7.[392,484,1202,1228]" box="[392,484,1202,1228]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD27E675486C0E8FE455CEB" box="[392,484,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hindlimb</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD27E67557FC083FE1E5FE6" blockId="7.[113,764,1241,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD27E67557FC083FEAB5CD7" box="[113,266,1241,1264]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
Femur (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E6755CCC083FF595CD7" box="[194,248,1241,1264]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
):
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The right femur preserves only its proximal end (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD27E675572C0A2FF405D37" box="[124,225,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CPI 1643</emphasis>
|
||||
), and the left femur consists of most of the diaphysis and the distal articular end (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD27E6754C7C142FD8D5D08" box="[457,556,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CPI 1637</emphasis>
|
||||
). The femoral head is gently convex and subcircular in medial view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E675777C16DFD665D69" box="[633,711,1334,1359]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Its proximodistal axis is slightly longer than the anteroposterior one. The femoral head is medially oriented and anteromedially directed at an angle of ~20° (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E67549CC1CFFE735D8B" box="[402,466,1428,1453]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5J</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The proximal surface of the femur is posterolaterally inclined. There is an anteroproximally inclined groove (i.e. the oblique ligament groove) on the posterior surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E675404C1A9FEF55E2D" box="[266,340,1522,1547]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This groove separates the femoral head from the shaft; therefore, the latter is well offset medially. Medial to this groove, the posterior lip of the femoral head is well developed and extends slightly beyond the posterior surface of the head (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E6755BBC22AFEB65EA0" box="[181,279,1648,1672]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5C, J</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The femoral head has a concave ventral surface. This surface becomes broader anteriorly, making the femoral head overhang the medial surface of the femoral diaphysis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E675572C294FF405EC1" box="[124,225,1742,1766]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5A, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). On the anterior side of the femoral head, there is an oblique ridge that extends from the femoral head to the proximal end of the diaphysis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E67545FC357FE3D5F03" box="[337,412,1804,1829]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In proximal view, a deep, broad, and oblique articular groove can be noticed. This is more pronounced anteromedially and becomes shallower and narrower posterolaterally. In the same view, the femoral head is laterally confluent with the greater trochanter, which is incomplete and narrower than the head (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E675460C3F3FE0F5FE6" box="[366,430,1961,1985]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5J</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD27E67564BC4CAFAF85A59" blockId="7.[809,1461,144,1986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
The left femur lacks the proximal end and the diaphysis proximal to the fourth trochanter. The preserved length of the left femur measures ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CFA9B5BFFD27E675104C494FBC758C1" box="[1034,1126,206,230]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="515.0">515 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. The shaft of the femur is rather straight in anterior and posterior views, but it is anteriorly bowed in lateral and medial views (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E67515BC557FB605902" box="[1109,1217,269,293]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5E–H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The diaphysis is oval in cross-section, the mediolateral axis being larger than the anteroposterior one, with a maximum circumference of
|
||||
<quantity id="4CFA9B5BFFD27E675058C516FA115944" box="[1366,1456,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.22" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="322.0">322 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. The anterior surface of the shaft is convex and slightly pinched in the middle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E6756A6C5D1FC4E5985" box="[936,1007,394,419]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The pinch extends
|
||||
<quantity id="4CFA9B5BFFD27E6751CAC5D1FAB85985" box="[1220,1305,395,419]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="190.0">190 mm</quantity>
|
||||
distal from the proximal fracture. Medial and lateral to this pinch, the surface becomes flat. The lateral surface is convex and becomes flat next to the distal expansion of the bone (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E675196C5B3FB7C5A27" box="[1176,1245,488,513]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The medial surface is also convex but leads to a shallow and large concavity, which is located posterior to the medial epicondyle and extends until half of the medial condyle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E675130C61DFB2B5A79" box="[1086,1162,582,607]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The posterior surface of the femoral shaft is flat and faces posterolaterally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E6751F0C63CFAE85A59" box="[1278,1353,614,638]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD27E67564BC6DFFA2B5B7E" blockId="7.[809,1461,144,1986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
The fourth trochanter is located posteromedially in the proximal part of the preserved shaft. Only its most distal end is preserved, consisting of a well-developed and prominent longitudinal crest that becomes broader proximally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E67505AC6B9FA035ADC" box="[1364,1442,739,763]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Medially, there is a shallow and smooth groove; and laterally, there is a shallow, smooth, and broad concavity, which is excavated in the posterior surface of the diaphysis in lateral view.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD27E67564BC73BFCCF5D68" blockId="7.[809,1461,144,1986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
The distal end of the femur is slightly more medially than laterally expanded in posterior view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E675183C7DAFB795BBF" box="[1165,1240,896,920]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The medial epicondyle or medial distal crest is found on the mediodistal surface. This medial epicondyle is rounded, low, and not well developed (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E67563BC784FCDD5BD1" box="[821,892,990,1014]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). On the anterior surface of the medial epicondyle, the attachment for the muscle femorotibialis externus is a small rugose patch. The extensor groove is broad and slightly V-shaped in distal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E6756B1C066FBA15C73" box="[959,1024,1084,1108]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and becomes even shallower and broader proximally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E6756A9C001FC4D5C54" box="[935,1004,1115,1139]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The flexor groove is rather broad, deep, and U-shaped in distal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E675122C021FBCF5CB5" box="[1068,1134,1146,1171]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The flexor groove is bounded by two ridges medially and laterally, proximal to the condyles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E67563BC0E3FC225CF6" box="[821,899,1209,1233]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The medial ridge runs vertically from the proximal margin of the medial condyle, whereas the lateral ridge is more prominent and oblique, originating at the proximal end of the tibiofibular crest. The medial crest merges with the shaft proximally.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD27E69564BC10CFEF958C0" blockId="7.[809,1461,144,1986]" lastBlockId="9.[113,763,144,231]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
The anterior surface of the lateral condyle is rounded. The medial condyle is slightly more flattened and anterolaterally oriented in the anterior surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E675175C1CFFB625D8B" box="[1147,1219,1428,1453]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). At the distal end, the condyles are robust, being wide mediolaterally. Both medial and lateral condyles project distally to an almost equal extent in anterior view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E6756A5C1A9FC535E2D" box="[939,1010,1522,1547]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In the same view, the lateral condyle projects distally and slightly laterally, whereas the medial condyle is solely distally projected. The medial condyle is teardrop-shaped in posterior view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E6756E7C20BFB945E4F" box="[1001,1077,1616,1641]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In distal view, the lateral condyle is rounded and the medial one is more elliptical with the long axis slightly posteromedially oriented (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E67519EC2D5FB725E80" box="[1168,1235,1679,1703]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The distal condyles are not separated by an anteroposterior pronounced groove in the distal surface, but there is a central shallow groove that connects to the tibiofibular crest (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E67517BC2B7FB1B5F22" box="[1141,1210,1773,1797]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The tibiofibular crest is broad and positioned on the posterior surface of the lateral condyle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E675680C376FC535F64" box="[910,1010,1836,1860]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5G, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In posterior view, the crista tibiofibularis is teardrop-shaped and oblique with respect to the long axis of the lateral condyle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD27E6756F9C331FBE35FA5" box="[1015,1090,1898,1923]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The tibiofibular crest is somewhat trapezoidal in distal view. This is laterally bounded by a broader groove, and medially, a narrow and deep groove separates the crest from the distal margin of the condyle or the flexor groove. Between both grooves, there is a posterolaterally elevated ridge in distal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E695408C495FEE658C1" box="[262,327,206,231]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[149,1454,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left (CPI 1637) and right (CPI 1643) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur.E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove.Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF7D6636FFDD7E68558FC376FC6A5FB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422927" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14422927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422927/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[152,1451,147,1805]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDD7E68558FC376FC6A5FB0" blockId="8.[129,1449,1835,1944]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDD7E68558FC376FE1B5F64" bold="true" box="[129,442,1835,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
Figure 5.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFDD7E6855D3C376FE1B5F64" authorityName="Isasmendi & Cuesta & Díaz-Martínez & Company & Sáez-Benito & Viera & Torices & Pereda-Suberbiola" authorityYear="2024" box="[221,442,1835,1860]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Riojavenatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacustris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDD7E6855D3C376FE1B5F64" bold="true" box="[221,442,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Riojavenatrix lacustris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, left (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDD7E6854FFC376FDEA5F63" box="[497,587,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CPI 1637</emphasis>
|
||||
) and right (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDD7E6857B1C376FCB85F63" box="[703,793,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CPI 1643</emphasis>
|
||||
) femora in anterior (A, E), lateral (B, F), posterior (C, G), medial (D, H), distal (I), and proximal (J) views. A–D, J, proximal right femur. E–I, shaft and distal epiphysis of the left femur. Abbreviations: ctf, crista tibiofibularis; exg, extensor groove; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; fxg, flexor groove; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; me, medial epicondyle; pag, proximal articular groove. Scale bars: 10 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDC7E69557FC552FDBB599A" blockId="9.[113,764,264,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDC7E69557FC552FED25938" box="[113,371,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
Tibia (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E6955B7C553FEBB5907" box="[185,282,264,288]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 6A–J</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E695429C552FEC15938" box="[295,352,264,287]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7A–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
):
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The right tibia (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDC7E69572DC552FD265907" box="[547,647,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CPI 1642</emphasis>
|
||||
) preserves only its proximal portion (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E69549DC57DFDB85918" box="[403,537,295,319]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6A–D, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The left tibia (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDC7E6957DCC572FF045978" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CPI 1638</emphasis>
|
||||
) is complete, including the articulated astragalus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E6957DEC51DFF055959" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 6E–J</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E6955BDC53CFF4D5959" box="[179,236,358,382]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7A–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The right tibia lacks the cnemial crest and the medial condyle. However, the lateral condyle and the proximal end of the fibular crest are well preserved.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDC7E695583C59EFDE65B73" blockId="9.[113,764,264,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
The left tibia shows many furrows on the medial surface close to the proximal end. Furthermore, these are also present on the anterior margin of the medial malleolus. The shaft of the left tibia is straight and fairly robust, with a length of ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CFA9B5BFFDC7E695763C678FD655A1E" box="[621,708,546,570]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="810.0">810 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E6957DAC678FF0E5A7E" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6E–H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The cross-section of the tibial diaphysis is oval, where the mediolateral axis is the largest. At mid-shaft, the diaphysis narrows laterally and becomes wider medially. In lateral view, the anterior surface of the tibia is concave proximally, becoming convex distally. The posterior surface is rather straight close to the proximal end and concave distally. The anterior surface is flat and the posterior surface gently convex along the whole shaft. The lateral surface is convex, whilst the medial margin is flat proximally and becomes concave at mid-shaft.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDC7E695583C701FDAC5D6E" blockId="9.[113,764,264,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
The cnemial crest of the left tibia is rounded (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E69578FC701FD485B54" box="[641,745,859,883]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Dorsally, it expands mediolaterally and flexes laterally in anterior view. The cnemial crest projects from the anterior surface of the diaphysis beyond the proximal articular surface of the tibia (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E6957DAC7E3FF085BD7" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The lateral surface of the cnemial crest bears a longitudinal tuberosity near its anteroposterior corner (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E695760C7A2FD6A5C28" box="[622,715,1016,1040]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6F, J</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In proximal view, the lateral condyles are offset from the cnemial crest by a poorly developed incisura tibialis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E695731C06DFD345C69" box="[575,661,1079,1103]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6I, J</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The lateral condyles are large, rounded, and broad. The preserved portions of both medial condyles suggest that they were also large. There is no process extending anterolaterally from the lateral condyle in either tibia, but there is a notch present between the medial and lateral condyles in the right tibia (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E695743C089FD315CCC" box="[589,656,1235,1259]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In proximal view, the posterior outline of the left tibia is nearly straight owing to the lack of the medial condyle, whereas the medial surfaces are smoothly convex in both tibiae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDC7E695583C10BFE4F5EA4" blockId="9.[113,764,264,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
The fibular flange is a low longitudinal crest with a slightly broadened base (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E69542FC12AFE285DAF" box="[289,393,1392,1416]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6E–G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It is situated proximally on the lateral surface of the diaphysis, but it is distally located to the proximal end of the tibia. The outline of the base of the fibular crest is oval, but narrow, in lateral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E6954B0C194FDA45DC1" box="[446,517,1486,1510]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This is separated from the proximally located lateral process associated with the fibular crest. In the right tibia, the proximal end of the lateral process associated with the fibular crest also reaches the proximal end of the tibia (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E6955F4C211FE255E44" box="[250,388,1611,1635]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6B, E–G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). These processes are rounded and proximodistally oriented (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E695470C231FE7F5EA5" box="[382,478,1643,1667]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6B, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDC7E695583C2D0FB775A07" blockId="9.[113,764,264,1980]" lastBlockId="9.[810,1461,144,544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
The distal end of the tibia is expanded mediolaterally, being anteroposteriorly narrower. Both the lateral and medial malleoli extend somewhat equally distally, with the lateral malleolus being larger and slightly more distally projected than the medial one (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E6955F7C35DFEC95F38" box="[249,360,1799,1823]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 6E, G</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E69547BC352FE155F38" box="[373,436,1799,1824]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7A, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This makes the distal surface almost horizontal, being ~15° with respect to the horizontal or ~75° with respect to the long axis of the tibial shaft. The lateral malleolus is rounded and the medial one more angled in posterior view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E6955FFC3DFFEE05FBA" box="[241,321,1925,1949]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 6G</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E695443C3DFFECD5FBA" box="[333,364,1925,1949]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In medial view, the medial malleolus shows a flat surface bounded posteriorly by a longitudinal ridge, which is mediodistally inclined (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E695178C4CAFB455880" box="[1142,1252,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 6G, H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E6951E1C4CAFA8D5880" box="[1263,1324,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The medial malleolus is transversely wider and more robust than the lateral one. The facet for the fibula shows longitudinal furrows and occupies a large portion of the anterior surface of the lateral malleolus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E695668C557FC6D5902" box="[870,972,269,293]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 6E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E6956D6C554FBB35902" box="[984,1042,270,294]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The astragalar facet of the tibia is high (~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CFA9B5BFFDC7E69564CC576FC015962" box="[834,928,300,325]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 mm</quantity>
|
||||
), broad, and triangular and occupies more than half of the distal end of the anterior surface of the tibia (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E695021C516FADB5943" box="[1327,1402,332,356]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 6E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E69508AC516FA035943" box="[1412,1442,332,356]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This facet is delimited proximomedially by the supraastragalar buttress. The latter is developed as a well-developed and bluntly rounded ridge. It originates mediodistally and it is almost vertical basally, becoming a low oblique ridge proximally. The supraastragalar buttress is more pronounced distally and gradually fades proximolaterally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E69515CC652FB3D5A07" box="[1106,1180,520,544]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 6E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E6951A9C652FB645A07" box="[1191,1221,520,544]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDC7E695624C61BFB955B73" blockId="9.[810,1461,577,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDC7E695624C61BFC4A5A7E" box="[810,1003,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
Fibula (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E695679C618FC785A7E" box="[887,985,577,601]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6K–T</figureCitation>
|
||||
):
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The left fibula (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDC7E695188C618FAB25A7E" box="[1158,1299,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CPI 1639A–B</emphasis>
|
||||
) is almost complete but lacks part of the distal diaphysis. The fibula is a slender bone with a rather thin shaft and with an estimated length of
|
||||
<quantity id="4CFA9B5BFFDC7E695082C6DAFCF75A90" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="750.0">750 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. The proximal end is strongly expanded anteroposteriorly and slightly expanded mediolaterally. Furthermore, the fibula is deformed, displaying an S-like shape at ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CFA9B5BFFDC7E6951C2C684FA855AD2" box="[1228,1316,734,758]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="340.0">340 mm</quantity>
|
||||
from its proximal end. Below the S-like deformation, the shaft of the fibula is somewhat twisted, a feature that might be associated with the deformation (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E6956B4C766FB855B73" box="[954,1060,828,852]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6K–N</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDC7E69564BC701FC1E5C8A" blockId="9.[810,1461,577,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
The proximal end of the fibula is more posteriorly than anteriorly expanded (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E6956F4C721FBCB5BB5" box="[1018,1130,891,915]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6L, N</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The posterior margin of the proximal fibula becomes thinner posteriorly to form a thin, blade-shaped margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E695119C7E3FBC75BF6" box="[1047,1126,953,977]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6O</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This margin is more rounded than the anterior one in medial view, which is more acute in lateral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E6956BDC7A2FBBE5C28" box="[947,1055,1016,1040]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6L, N</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The proximal margin is slightly concave at the level of the medial fossa and becomes convex near the anterior and posterior margins in lateral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E695037C06DFA035C69" box="[1337,1442,1079,1103]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6L, N</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In proximal view, the proximal margin of the fibula is comma-shaped, with the anterior margin being wider than the posterior one (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E69566FC0CFFC0F5C8A" box="[865,942,1173,1197]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6O</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDC7E69564BC0EEFBEF5EE6" blockId="9.[810,1461,577,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
The medial fossa reaches the proximal margin and occupies half the expansion of the proximal end of the tibia. It is shallow, inverted teardrop-shaped, and centrally positioned in medial view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E695663C148FC1A5D0D" box="[877,955,1298,1322]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6N</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Anteriorly, the medial fossa is bounded by an elevated edge, which creates the anterior margin of the proximal end and broadens proximally. The posterior margin of the medial fossa is posteriorly opened (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E695194C12AFB495DAF" box="[1178,1256,1392,1416]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6N</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Below the medial fossa, the medial surface is planar. In the shaft, a posteromedially located low ridge runs ventrally and becomes oblique below the iliofibularis tubercle, bounding an anterior groove on the medial surface. At the level of this tubercle, a shallow depression can be noticed on the medial surface of the shaft (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E6951E9C257FA955E02" box="[1255,1332,1549,1573]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6N</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Below the oblique ridge, a proximally well-developed groove is present, which extends parallel to the diaphysis distally. The posterior edge of this groove consists of a medially raised edge. Distally, the groove fades at the distal end of the preserved shaft when the diaphysis expands (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E6956FCC2F3FB9F5EE6" box="[1010,1086,1705,1729]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6N</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDC7E6B564BC293FD5B5CCF" blockId="9.[810,1461,577,1980]" lastBlockId="11.[113,764,1200,1882]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
At the proximal expansion of the fibula, the lateral surface is convex anteriorly, becoming almost flat in the middle of the lateral side and again slightly convex posteriorly (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDC7E695019C35DFAC15F38" box="[1303,1376,1799,1823]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6L</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Some longitudinal furrows are present on the anterolateral surface of the fibula. Posteriorly, the proximolateral surface of the fibula has a longitudinal and vertically oriented depression. Another broader, but slightly shallower depression is present on the anterolateral surface, at the same level as the posterior one (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B5572C0EAFF625CEF" box="[124,195,1200,1224]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6L</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The fibular diaphysis has a strongly convex lateral surface, but it is more planar at the level of the iliofibularis tubercle.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF7D6636FFDF7E6A558FC376FA2C5F93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" targetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDF7E6A558FC376FAC65F63" blockId="10.[128,1458,1836,1972]" box="[129,1383,1836,1860]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDF7E6A558FC376FE175F63" bold="true" box="[129,438,1836,1860]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
Figure 6.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFDF7E6A55D5C376FE175F63" authorityName="Isasmendi & Cuesta & Díaz-Martínez & Company & Sáez-Benito & Viera & Torices & Pereda-Suberbiola" authorityYear="2024" box="[219,438,1836,1860]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Riojavenatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacustris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDF7E6A55D5C376FE175F63" bold="true" box="[219,438,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Riojavenatrix lacustris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, right tibia (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDF7E6A5724C377FD225F63" box="[554,643,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CPI 1642</emphasis>
|
||||
), left tibia and astragalus (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDF7E6A5674C377FC725F63" box="[890,979,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CPI 1638</emphasis>
|
||||
), and left fibula (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDF7E6A517AC377FB575F63" box="[1140,1270,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CPI 1639A–B</emphasis>
|
||||
) in anterior
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDF7E6A558FC312FA2C5F93" blockId="10.[128,1458,1836,1972]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">(A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views. A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus. K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula. P–T, distal end of the left fibula. Abbreviations: asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T.</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF7D6636FFDE7E6B557FC058FEF85C4A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" targetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDE7E6B557FC058FEF85C4A" blockId="11.[113,1419,1025,1134]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDE7E6B557FC058FE0A5C3E" bold="true" box="[113,427,1025,1050]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
Figure 7.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFDE7E6B55C0C058FE0A5C3E" authorityName="Isasmendi & Cuesta & Díaz-Martínez & Company & Sáez-Benito & Viera & Torices & Pereda-Suberbiola" authorityYear="2024" box="[206,427,1025,1050]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Riojavenatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacustris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDE7E6B55C0C058FE0A5C3E" bold="true" box="[206,427,1025,1050]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Riojavenatrix lacustris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDE7E6B5605C058FCC45C3D" box="[779,869,1026,1050]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">CPI 1638</emphasis>
|
||||
), and H–K, left calcaneum (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDE7E6B517DC058FB6C5C3D" box="[1139,1229,1026,1050]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">CPI 1676</emphasis>
|
||||
) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views. Abbreviations: af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDE7E6B5583C0B5FEB15D83" blockId="11.[113,764,1200,1882]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
The insertion for the iliofibularis muscle is located on the anterior margin of the fibular shaft, approximately at one-third from the proximal surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B5480C174FDB65D62" box="[398,535,1326,1350]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6K, L, N</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It is low and rugose in anterior view and is formed by two protuberances, which are bounded laterally by a longitudinal, shallow, and rugose groove (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B5572C1D6FEA15D84" box="[124,256,1420,1444]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6K, L, N</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDE7E6B5583C1F1FE7F5F7D" blockId="11.[113,764,1200,1882]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
The distal end is expanded anteroposteriorly and transversely. At the beginning of the distal expansion, both anterior and posterior edges are sharp. Distally, the anterior part is rounded (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B57DAC1B0FF2C5E06" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6P</figureCitation>
|
||||
), whereas the posterior margin is sharp edged and slightly inclined laterally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B5423C272FED95E67" box="[301,376,1576,1600]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6R</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The medial surface for the articulation with the tibia is flat proximally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B54E9C212FD8D5E47" box="[487,556,1608,1632]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6S</figureCitation>
|
||||
). However, in distal view, the anterior portion of the medial surface appears convex, becoming concave posteriorly (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B54B6C2DCFDA25EB9" box="[440,515,1670,1694]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6T</figureCitation>
|
||||
). On the lateral surface of the distal expansion, an oblique ridge starts anteroproximally and runs posterodistally down to the ventral end (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B5796C29FFD4B5EFA" box="[664,746,1733,1757]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Posteroproximally, overlying this ridge, there is a shallow and broad depression. The distal outline of the fibula is teardrop-shaped. This surface shows a depression anteromedially and becomes convex posteriorly (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B548AC318FE6C5F7D" box="[388,461,1858,1882]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6T</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDE7E6C557FC3D8FE0D58C0" blockId="11.[113,762,1922,1977]" lastBlockId="12.[127,779,144,1077]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDE7E6B557FC3D8FE065FBE" box="[113,423,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
Astragalus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B55E6C3D8FEF05FBD" box="[232,337,1922,1946]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 6E–H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B5455C3D8FE355FBE" box="[347,404,1922,1945]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7A–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
):
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The left astragalus is almost complete (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDE7E6B55B9C3FBFEBA5F9E" box="[183,283,1953,1977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">CPI 1638</emphasis>
|
||||
), lacking only part of the anterodistal margin of the medial condyle of the astragalar body. The astragalus is L-shaped in lateral view, with a relatively tall ascending process (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B563BC0B5FC3D5D21" box="[821,924,1263,1287]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 6E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B56A6C0B5FC405D21" box="[936,993,1263,1287]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The astragalus measures
|
||||
<quantity id="4CFA9B5BFFDE7E6B51F6C0B5FAF15D21" box="[1272,1360,1263,1287]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="155.0">155 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in height and
|
||||
<quantity id="4CFA9B5BFFDE7E6B5659C154FC0D5D01" box="[855,940,1294,1318]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="122.0">122 mm</quantity>
|
||||
mediolaterally. In anterior view, the astragalar body shows an hourglass shape, with concave distal and proximal surfaces (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B567EC117FC1E5D42" box="[880,959,1357,1381]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,193,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[157,1444,146,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[155,1447,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Riojavenatrix lacustris, right tibia (CPI 1642), left tibia and astragalus (CPI 1638), and left fibula (CPI 1639A–B) in anterior (A, E, K, P), lateral (B, F, L, Q), posterior (C, G, M, R), medial (D, H, N, S), proximal (I, J, O), and distal (T) views.A–D, I, proximal end of the right tibia. E–H, J, left tibia and astragalus.K–O, shaft and proximal end of the left fibula.P–T, distal end of the left fibula.Abbreviations:asf, astragalar facet; ast, astragalus; cn, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; icn, intercondylar notch; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; it, incisura tibialis; lc, lateral condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mf, medial fossa; mm, medial malleolus; sab, supraastragalar buttress. Scale bars: 10 cm in A–O; 5 cm in P–T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 6E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B56C1C117FC4D5D42" box="[975,1004,1357,1381]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). However, the distal concavity is broader and less pronounced than the dorsal one. In distal view, the astragalar body is rectangular (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B5164C1D6FB135D84" box="[1130,1202,1420,1444]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The medial condyle of the astragalus is expanded anteroposteriorly. There is a shallow distal groove, becoming broader and slightly deeper laterally. The groove is bounded anteriorly by a parallel low crest that is slightly more prominent laterally and almost reaches the astragalus–calcaneum contact (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B5157C272FB005E67" box="[1113,1185,1576,1600]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In anterior view, there is another groove, horizontal and shallow, developed between the condyles, at the mid-height of the astragalar body (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B5024C23DFAD05E58" box="[1322,1393,1639,1663]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This groove has its maximum depth medially, gradually gets shallower laterally, and extends until the lateral rim. There is a bulge on the groove. Between the astragalar body and the ascending process, there is a depression; hence, the ascending process is offset from the astragalar body (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B5109C35EFBF35F3C" box="[1031,1106,1796,1820]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This depression is broader and more marked laterally, showing a triangular shape in proximal view. The facet for the fibula is not preserved. The medial side of the posterior margin of the astragalar body is more proximally projected than the lateral side (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDE7E6B516AC3DBFB0C5FBE" box="[1124,1197,1921,1945]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This posterior margin is gently convex over most of its extension, but laterally it becomes shorter and slightly concave. The astragalar body is smooth on most of its anterior surface. Nonetheless, the area that articulates with the calcaneum is rugose.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD97E6C5592C4B4FE3D5984" blockId="12.[127,779,144,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
The medial condyle is more anteriorly projected than the lateral one in ventral view; hence, the astragalus is narrower laterally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C5423C577FEDB5963" box="[301,378,301,325]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Besides the anteroposterior expansion of the astragalar body, the distal condyles are oriented anterodistally. The distal condyles of the astragalus are rounded anteroposteriorly (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C544AC5D1FE2A5985" box="[324,395,395,419]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD97E6C5592C5F0FD5F5C12" blockId="12.[127,779,144,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
The ascending process of the astragalus is laminar, triangular, and proximolaterally oriented (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C54C7C593FDB559C5" box="[457,532,457,482]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The height of the ascending process is twice the height of the astragalar body, with the former measuring ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CFA9B5BFFD97E6C544BC652FE3B5A38" box="[325,410,520,544]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="103.0">103 mm</quantity>
|
||||
and the latter
|
||||
<quantity id="4CFA9B5BFFD97E6C5728C652FDD15A38" box="[550,624,520,544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="52.0">52 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. The ascending process is located slightly laterally, and it does not reach the lateral margin of the astragalar body (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C54E3C61DFD965A78" box="[493,567,583,607]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It arises at around one-fifth from the medial margin of the astragalar body. The process is transversely broad, with its base extending mediolaterally ~65% of the transverse width of the astragalar body. The medial margin of the ascending process shows a well-defined ridge that is perpendicular to the mediolateral axis of the astragalar body and arises from the anterodorsal surface of the astragalar body (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C5585C778FF725B1D" box="[139,211,802,826]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This ridge is parallel to the ventral part of the astragalar buttress of the tibia. The ridge fades where the ascending process tilts laterally at an angle of 40–45° with respect to the long axis of the tibia. Proximally, this margin gradually becomes oriented more transversely. The lateral margin of the ascending process is rather straight and vertical (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C54BAC7E5FE5C5BF0" box="[436,509,959,983]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The proximal end of the ascending process is placed at three-quarters of the transverse width of the astragalar body from the medial side. The ascending process does not contact the supraastragalar buttress (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C57ABC047FD4C5C12" box="[677,749,1053,1077]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD97E6C558FC00CFDDC5F18" blockId="12.[127,778,1110,1855]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD97E6C558FC00CFED55C4A" box="[129,372,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
Calcaneum (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C55F1C00DFEC05C4A" box="[255,353,1110,1134]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7F–K</figureCitation>
|
||||
):
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The left calcaneum (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD97E6C5745C00CFD0C5C49" box="[587,685,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CPI 1676</emphasis>
|
||||
) is complete, with a height of
|
||||
<quantity id="4CFA9B5BFFD97E6C5454C02FFE055CAA" box="[346,420,1141,1165]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="63.0">63 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Its anteroposterior width measures
|
||||
<quantity id="4CFA9B5BFFD97E6C5571C0CFFF6D5C8B" box="[127,204,1173,1197]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="72.0">72 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, whereas its mediolateral width is
|
||||
<quantity id="4CFA9B5BFFD97E6C573BC0CFFD225C8B" box="[565,643,1173,1197]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="29.0">29 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. The contact of the calcaneum with the astragalus is slightly sinuous, and the tibia overlaps the calcaneum. The calcaneum is reniform anteriorly and laterally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C5434C0A9FE3B5D2D" box="[314,410,1267,1291]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7H, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In lateral view, the anteroproximal margin is more proximally elevated than the posteroproximal margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C55D5C16BFEBE5D6E" box="[219,287,1329,1353]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The proximal rim is concave for the articulation with the fibula, and the proximal articular surface is proximally directed. The articulation for the distal end of the fibula is well developed (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C544FC1D5FE295D80" box="[321,392,1423,1447]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The distal profile is strongly convex in lateral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C542CC1F5FEC55DE1" box="[290,356,1455,1479]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In proximal view, the calcaneum is anteriorly broad, narrowing posteriorly, with a sharp edge that is oriented posterolaterally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C5480C1B7FE765E22" box="[398,471,1517,1541]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This edge broadens distally and has a crescent shape in order to accommodate the lateral malleolus of the tibia (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C547EC276FE155E64" box="[368,436,1580,1604]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7J</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The lateral surface has a broad vertical groove and another anteriorly located depression. The latter is as deep as the groove, triangular, and bears a foramen at its proximalmost point (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C549DC2D0FE755E86" box="[403,468,1674,1698]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Between the groove and the depression, a triangular convexity is present. The medial surface of the calcaneum shows a concave facet for the lateral malleolus and an anteriorly located groove to articulate the lateral condyle of the astragalus. The groove is posteriorly inclined and parallel to the anterior margin of the calcaneum (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C572DC37DFDCD5F19" box="[547,620,1831,1855]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,995]" captionTargetId="figure-547@11.[114,1458,144,998]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Riojavenatrix lacustris, A–G, left astragalus and distal tibia (CPI 1638), and H–K, left calcaneum (CPI 1676) in anterior (A, H), lateral (B, I), posterior (C, J), medial (D, K), proximal (F), and distal (G) views.Abbreviations:af, astragalar facet; ag, anterior groove; apa, ascending process of the astragalus; ff, fibular facet; fo, foramen; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; r, ridge; tf, tibial facet; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422936/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7K</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD97E6C558FC33AFB2D5921" blockId="12.[129,777,1888,1975]" lastBlockId="12.[824,1475,144,1014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD97E6C558FC33AFE395F50" box="[129,408,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
Metatarsal III (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C542CC33BFE245F5F" box="[290,389,1888,1912]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8A–F</figureCitation>
|
||||
):
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The left metatarsal III is complete (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD97E6C5582C3DAFF545FB0" box="[140,245,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CPI 1640</emphasis>
|
||||
). The diaphysis is straight, measuring
|
||||
<quantity id="4CFA9B5BFFD97E6C57A5C325FCA85FB0" box="[683,777,1919,1943]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6399999999999997" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="364.0">364 mm</quantity>
|
||||
proximodistally, and with a subrectangular cross-section at mid-shaft (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C56A3C4CAFBB7588F" box="[941,1046,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8C–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Its borders are rounded, except for the medial surface, which is planar. Its proximal end is anterodorsally and posteroventrally expanded, especially posteroventrally projected in lateral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C5116C4B4FBDA5922" box="[1048,1147,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD97E6C565BC554FB325AFB" blockId="12.[824,1475,144,1014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
In proximal view, metatarsal III has an hourglass-shaped outline, the anterodorsal part of which is more lateromedially expanded than the posteroventral one (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C51DCC516FABF5943" box="[1234,1310,332,356]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The articular surface for metatarsal II is proximally located in the medial surface of metatarsal III (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C5144C5D1FB355984" box="[1098,1172,395,419]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It is concave, densely striated, and reaches the middle of the diaphysis. The articular surface for metatarsal IV is posteroventrally concave and convex anterodorsally close to the proximal end of metatarsal III (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C5092C5B3FCF95A07" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This surface is also striated, as in the articulation for metatarsal II. The medial articular surface is bounded anterodorsally and posteroventrally by two elevated edges that fade distally. The posteroventral edge is more pronounced than the anterodorsal one. On the anterodorsal surface, there is a marked scar (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C5092C6DFFCF55A9A" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Another scar is located on the posteroventral surface, below the proximal expansion (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C5139C69EFB235AFB" box="[1079,1154,708,732]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD97E6C565BC6B9FCF95BD1" blockId="12.[824,1475,144,1014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
The distal condyle is divided posteroventrally by a shallow groove (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C5699C759FC465B3C" box="[919,999,771,795]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). On the anterodorsal surface, there is no marked hyperextensor pit; however, a subtle depression is present adjacent to the condyle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C5174C71BFB445B7E" box="[1146,1253,833,857]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The distal condyle is subrectangular in distal view, with the medial side being anterodorsally and posterooventrally larger than the lateral side (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C564AC7C5FC2C5B90" box="[836,909,927,951]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The medial collateral ligament pit is much deeper and larger than the lateral one. Both of them are suboval (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C5061C7E5FCE65BD2" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD97E6C5637C04DFB5C5EA4" blockId="12.[824,1476,1047,1667]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD97E6C5637C04DFB055C08" box="[825,1188,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
Phalanx I-2 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C56CEC042FB895C08" box="[960,1064,1047,1071]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8G–K</figureCitation>
|
||||
): CPI 1647
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
is interpreted as the ungual phalanx of digit I based on the small size of the element (it measures
|
||||
<quantity id="4CFA9B5BFFD97E6C5665C00CFC155C4A" box="[875,948,1110,1134]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="63.0">63 mm</quantity>
|
||||
proximodistally) and its significant curvature. This (left) phalanx is complete. It is long, narrow, distally pointed, and strongly arched in lateral and medial views (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C502AC0CFFA255C8B" box="[1316,1412,1173,1197]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8H, J</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The phalanx I-2 is triangular in cross-section but has an oval articular surface in proximal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C514AC089FB2E5CCC" box="[1092,1167,1235,1259]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8K</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The articular surface for the articulation of phalanx I-1 is concave. This surface is slightly pointed dorsally in proximal view, and the proximodistal lip is not well developed. Ventrally, this surface is rounded. The flexor tuberosity, placed on the ventral side of the articular surface, is not very pronounced, but it is more developed than the lip (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C5092C12AFCF95D80" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8K</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Both medial and lateral surfaces are convex proximally, but the lateral surface is slightly flatter (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C5197C1F5FB575DE1" box="[1177,1270,1455,1479]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8H, J</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The dorsal surface of phalanx I-2 is convex, and the ventral side is comparably flatter (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C564AC1B7FC065E22" box="[836,935,1517,1541]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8G, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). There are no ventral or flexor fossae. Both medial and lateral margins are softly convex; hence, this phalanx is symmetrical. Only the lateral surface bears a longitudinal groove. This is well developed and faces at about two-thirds proximally, becoming progressively shallower (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C51AEC231FB4D5EA4" box="[1184,1260,1643,1667]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD97E6E5637C2FEFECD58E0" blockId="12.[825,1476,1700,1975]" lastBlockId="14.[128,779,144,1077]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD97E6C5637C2FEFB0D5E9B" box="[825,1196,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
Phalanx III-1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFD97E6C56C1C2FFFB925E9B" box="[975,1075,1700,1724]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8L–Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
): CPI 1645
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
is interpreted as a proximal phalanx because it lacks a proximal keel. Furthermore, it can be assigned confidently to digit III based on the rather symmetrical distal condyles and not as asymmetrical proximal articular surface. The left phalanx III-1 is virtually complete, measuring
|
||||
<quantity id="4CFA9B5BFFD97E6C5095C37BFCC25F7F" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="118.0">118 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in length, with the flexor tubercle partly eroded and lacking the ventral part of the medial condyle. The height and width of the phalanx change proximodistally, being higher proximally. Between both articular surfaces, the neck constricts the phalanx, especially ventrally, such that the phalanx is wider than tall at mid-shaft (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E55FCC4F5FEFD58E0" box="[242,348,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8N, Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF7D6636FFD87E6D557FC36BFBB45FF2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" targetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFD87E6D557FC36BFBB45FF2" blockId="13.[113,1445,1841,2005]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD87E6D557FC36BFE0A5F6E" bold="true" box="[113,427,1841,1865]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
Figure 8.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D3DFFD87E6D55C0C36BFE0A5F6E" authorityName="Isasmendi & Cuesta & Díaz-Martínez & Company & Sáez-Benito & Viera & Torices & Pereda-Suberbiola" authorityYear="2024" box="[206,427,1841,1865]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Riojavenatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacustris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD87E6D55C0C36BFE0A5F6E" bold="true" box="[206,427,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Riojavenatrix lacustris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, left pedal elements. Metatarsal III (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD87E6D560EC368FCFB5F6E" box="[768,858,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CPI 1640</emphasis>
|
||||
), I-2 phalanx (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD87E6D56E9C368FBE05F6E" box="[999,1089,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CPI 1647</emphasis>
|
||||
), phalanx III-1 (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD87E6D51D1C368FA985F6E" box="[1247,1337,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CPI 1645</emphasis>
|
||||
), phalanx III-3 (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD87E6D55A2C314FEA75F42" box="[172,262,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CPI 1646</emphasis>
|
||||
), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFD87E6D5713C314FDD65F42" box="[541,631,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CPI 1648</emphasis>
|
||||
) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views. A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations: ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip. Scale bars: 5 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDB7E6E5592C495FE585A18" blockId="14.[128,779,144,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
The dorsal margin is smooth and gently convex, becoming flat and inclined distally. Above the proximal margin of the collateral ligament pits is the extensor fossa (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E5760C557FD625902" box="[622,707,269,293]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8M</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It is deep and oval, with the longest axis directed transversely. The ventral surface is also slightly mediolaterally convex, but proximodistally concave in lateral and medial views (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E57BFC531FF0F5984" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8M, P, Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Proximally, there is a proximolaterally oriented oblique groove that separates the flexor tubercle into two processes. The proximal articular surface is devoid of any keel separating the articular facets. This surface is weakly concave and subcircular, with a pronounced, medially inclined proximodorsal lip. This surface is partly deformed (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E5492C67DFE485A18" box="[412,489,551,575]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8O</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDB7E6E5592C61DFEA85ADC" blockId="14.[128,779,144,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
Close to the proximal end, there is a proximoventral fossa on both medial and lateral sides (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E54D4C63CFDE75A59" box="[474,582,614,638]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8N, Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
). These are rugose and roughly triangular. Distally, the lateral collateral ligament pit is subcircular and deeper than the medial one. The medial collateral ligament pit extends more proximally and is oval (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E5585C6B9FF595ADC" box="[139,248,739,763]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8N, Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDB7E6E5592C759FEF95C12" blockId="14.[128,779,144,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
Both condyles are equally developed (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E572AC759FDCA5B3C" box="[548,619,771,795]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8L</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The long axis of the lateral condyle is inclined slightly laterally and the medial condyle is somewhat inclined medially. The lateral condyle is slightly more dorsally and ventrally projected, whereas the medial condyle is slightly more distally projected (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E5783C7DAFD595BB0" box="[653,760,896,920]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8M, P</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The condyles are separated by a shallow intercondylar sulcus. In distal view, the condyles are mediolaterally expanded on the ventral surface. In ventral view, the lateral condyle ends more abruptly proximally or, at least, it is more pronounced than the medial one (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E540CC047FEE95C12" box="[258,328,1053,1077]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8P</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDB7E6E558FC00CFEB85DE0" blockId="14.[128,779,1110,1980]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDB7E6E558FC00CFDAB5C49" box="[129,522,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
Phalanx III-3 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E5410C00DFE285C49" box="[286,393,1110,1134]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8R–W</figureCitation>
|
||||
): CPI 1646
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
can be attributed confidently to digit III because of the symmetry of the distal condyles and the proximal articular surface. The specimen is not a proximal phalanx because it presents a keel on the proximal surface and is here identified as phalanx III-3 based on the position of the collateral ligament pits, which are dorsally displaced, and the lack of a dorsal extensor fossa. The left phalanx III-3 is complete and almost symmetrical axially. Compared with phalanx III-1, this is smaller, measuring
|
||||
<quantity id="4CFA9B5BFFDB7E6E5489C10BFE715D4F" box="[391,464,1361,1385]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="67.0">67 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in length, but stouter and proportionally broader transversely. It is taller and wider proximally and distally. The neck of phalanx III-3 especially constricts the pedal element.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDB7E6E5592C194FD965F5A" blockId="14.[128,779,1110,1980]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
The dorsal surface is convex, but concave in lateral or medial view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E55CFC1B7FE8C5E22" box="[193,301,1517,1541]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8T, W</figureCitation>
|
||||
). There is no extensor fossa on the dorsal surface of this phalanx (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E5453C257FE045E02" box="[349,421,1549,1573]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8S</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The ventral surface is flat, but it is also concave in medial or lateral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E5744C276FD1E5E64" box="[586,703,1580,1604]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8T, W</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Two rounded and considerably broad proximoventral crests are present, and they are bounded medially and laterally by a rugose area (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E55B5C2D0FE9E5E86" box="[187,319,1674,1698]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8T, V, W</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Proximally and centrally positioned on the ventral surface, there is a process. The proximal end of the process is missing, but the preserved part is broad, rounded, and proximodistally oriented. The proximal articular surface is triangular in outline in proximal view, with a well-developed and centred proximodorsal lip (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E5496C37DFE455F18" box="[408,484,1831,1855]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8U</figureCitation>
|
||||
). A vertical median keel separates the lateral and medial articular facets. Both articular facets are equally developed and subsymmetrical.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDB7E6E5592C3DFFB1E5902" blockId="14.[128,779,1110,1980]" lastBlockId="14.[824,1475,144,450]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
In medial and lateral views, the proximoventrally located fossae are less developed in phalanx III-3 than in phalanx III-1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E564AC4CAFC115880" box="[836,944,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8T, W</figureCitation>
|
||||
). On the medial side, the fossa is restricted to a triangular rugose patch. On the lateral margin, this fossa is oval and very small. Both collateral ligament pits are more dorsally placed, in comparison to phalanx III-1. These pits are deep, subcircular to oval, and almost equally developed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDB7E6E565BC577FA3C59E5" blockId="14.[824,1475,144,450]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
The distal condyles are not symmetrical. The medial condyle is more dorsoventrally developed compared with the lateral one (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E564AC531FC2A59A4" box="[836,907,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8R</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The long axis of the lateral condyle is laterally oriented, and it is medially directed in the medial condyle. In ventral view, the lateral condyle ends more abruptly proximally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E504DC5F0FA2D59E5" box="[1347,1420,426,450]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8V</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDB7E6E5637C5B9FC325B12" blockId="14.[824,1476,483,1291]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDB7E6E5637C5B9FB1D59DC" box="[825,1212,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
Phalanx IV-2 (or IV-3) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E513BC5BEFBDC59DC" box="[1077,1149,483,507]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8X</figureCitation>
|
||||
–AB):
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
There is a proximal fragment of a left pedal phalanx IV-2 or IV-3 (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B976EAACFFDB7E6E501DC659FADA5A3C" box="[1299,1403,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">CPI 1648</emphasis>
|
||||
). This identification is based on high asymmetry of the proximal articular surface, which indicates that it would be from the digit IV. Furthermore, the presence of a keel on the proximal articular surface and the relatively large size of the element suggest that it would not be the distalmost non-ungual phalanx of digit IV. This fragment broadens and increases in height proximally. The neck of the phalanx would also contract the bone (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E502CC684FA2B5AD2" box="[1314,1418,734,758]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8X, Y</figureCitation>
|
||||
, AA, AB). At this level, it is triangular in cross-section with rounded margins.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BEFFDB7E6E565BC766FA995D2C" blockId="14.[824,1476,483,1291]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
The dorsal surface of this phalanx is convex, but it is concave in lateral or medial view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E517BC701FB1A5B54" box="[1141,1211,859,883]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8Y</figureCitation>
|
||||
, AB). The preserved ventral surface shows a smooth fossa, which is bounded by two proximoventral ridges (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E513EC7C0FBC95B95" box="[1072,1128,922,946]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
AA). The lateral ridge is broader than the medial one. Close to the proximal rim, there is a rugose surface. At the proximal rim, there is a centred proximal process. In proximal view, the proximal articular surface is triangular and bears a median keel that separates both articular surfaces for the condyles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E5128C06DFBCF5C68" box="[1062,1134,1079,1103]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8Z</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The proximodorsal lip is highly pronounced and medially directed. The lateral articular facet is smaller but deeper than the medial one. The lateral articular facet is triangular (almost right-angled triangular) in proximal view, and the medial one is oval. Dorsal to the proximoventral ridges, there are no proximoventral fossae. In this area, a triangular rugose surface is present on both sides (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13392A3BFFDB7E6E51B6C0A9FB5C5D2C" box="[1208,1277,1267,1291]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[143,1430,152,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[140,1433,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Riojavenatrix lacustris, left pedal elements.Metatarsal III (CPI 1640), I-2 phalanx (CPI 1647), phalanx III-1 (CPI 1645), phalanx III-3 (CPI 1646), and phalanx V-2 (or IV-3) (CPI 1648) in distal (A, L, R), dorsal (B, G, M, S, X), lateral (C, H, N, T, Y), ventral (D, I, P, V, AA), medial (E, J, Q, W, AB), and proximal (F, K, O, U, Z) views.A–F, left metatarsal III. G–K, left pedal phalanx I-2. L–Q, left pedal phalanx III-1. R–W, left pedal phalanx III-3. X–AB, left pedal phalanx V-2 (or IV-3). Abbreviations:ef, extensor fossa; ft, flexor tuberosity; k, keel; lc, lateral condyle; lclp, lateral collateral ligament pit; lg, longitudinal groove; lpvf; lateral proximoventral fossa; mc, medial condyle; mclp, medial collateral ligament pit; mpvf; medial proximoventral fossa; pdl, proximodorsal lip.Scale bars:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422938/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8Y</figureCitation>
|
||||
, AB).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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