From d8a6ba9fece3332a9e0b55b942f0690a9dec5dd7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2024 22:32:43 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-07-22 22:26:39 --- .../E0/236DE0689AE65F0B9E4185F645D1F480.xml | 780 ++++++++++++++++++ .../2D/32BC2D71A95658A58915FC2A717EC635.xml | 496 +++++++++++ .../B4/A3AAB4F7DFCF5000804CA4F8B4FB44E5.xml | 161 ++-- 3 files changed, 1375 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-) create mode 100644 data/23/6D/E0/236DE0689AE65F0B9E4185F645D1F480.xml create mode 100644 data/32/BC/2D/32BC2D71A95658A58915FC2A717EC635.xml diff --git a/data/23/6D/E0/236DE0689AE65F0B9E4185F645D1F480.xml b/data/23/6D/E0/236DE0689AE65F0B9E4185F645D1F480.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..94aa58d56c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/23/6D/E0/236DE0689AE65F0B9E4185F645D1F480.xml @@ -0,0 +1,780 @@ + + + +Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) + + + +Author + +Angus, Robert B. +0000-0002-3860-5617 +Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK + + + +Author + +Maté, Jason F. +0000-0002-2505-7113 +c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain + + + +Author + +Angus, Elizabeth M. +Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK + + + +Author + +Král, David +0000-0002-7930-1927 +Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +1207 + + +205 +299 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 +94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothoxax +) +muscorum +Ádám, 1994 + + + + + +Figs 4 b +, +6 f +, +9 e +, +15 c +, +17 n-q +, +18 j +, +21 e, g, i, j +, +23 u +, +25 b +, +26 u +, +31 f – l +, +34 e – g + + + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +muscorum + +Ádám, 1994: 6 +. + + + + + + + + +Type material examined. + + +The +holotype +(Fig. +4 b +) has five labels: 1: Hung. +Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén +m., Aggtelek Vörös-tó, + +350 m +. + +2: Typhetum angustifoliae-latifoliae. 3: iszapból (= from mud) +1989. v. 19. +, leg Ádám +L. +4: +Paratypus + +Liothorax muscorum +Ádám, 1994 + +(A red label, incorrect because Adam mentioned only a single +holotype +with these data). 5: +HOLOTYPE + +A. +( +Liothorax +) +muscorum +Adam. R. B. + +Angus +det. 2017. It is a female, so only somatic characters are available for assessment ( +MNSB +). + + + + +Additional material examined. + + +HU: Kisújszállás, + +47.212 ° N +, +20.700 ° E + +, +iv. 2012 +, R. B. +Angus +, +2 ♀♀ +( + +NHMUK + +). Hortobagy National Park, Kis-Kecskés area, + +47.67721 ° N +, +21.06067 ° E + +. Washed from mud at edge of a lake, and swarming in mud at edge of lake, + +47.67772 ° N +, +21.07451 ° E + +. +24. iv. 2015 +, +16 ♂♂ +, +18 ♀♀ +. R. B. +Angus +( + +NHMUK + +, +JFM +). Aggteleki NP, Josvafö, Szelce-völgy +1 ♀ +, 1 unsexed ( +MNSB +). Aggteleki NP, Josvafö, Menes-völgy. 1 unsexed ( +MNSB +). Bukk NP +1 ♂ +, +2 ♀♀ +, 3 unsexed ( +MNSB +). Hortobágyi N. P., +3. vi. 1980 +, leg. U. Göllner, 2 unsexed ( + +ABC + +). + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + + +Closely resembling + +A. niger + +but clearly distinguished as a separate species by the short, almost dot-like, Y chromosome (Fig. +31 f – h +). Elytral interstices often with fine but distinct reticulation, giving the surface a leaden-grey silky sheen. Metaventrite of females variously depressed medially, depressed area often partly reticulate (Fig. +21 e, g – j +). + + + + +Redescription. + + +General appearance (Fig. +4 b +). Length: +4.2–5.2 mm +( +♂ +), +4.3–5.2 mm +( +♀ +). Width: +1.85–2.35 mm +( +♂ +), +1.9–2.3 mm +( +♀ +). Black, head, pronotum and scutellum glossy (pronotum sometimes less so), elytra with interstices distinctly reticulate, giving a silky lead-grey sheen. Head: glossy black, rather finely punctate, the punctures separated by 2–3 × their diameter. Some slightly larger punctures are present. Frontoclypeal suture very fine, with a glossy impunctate area either side of it. Median 2 / 3 almost straight, its mid-point and lateral ends slightly raised. Suture angled forward outside the lateral elevations, reaching the margin of the head at the front of the genae. Genae (preocular lobes) protrude laterally at an angle of ca 45 ˚ in front of eyes, then curve inwards to meet the frontoclypeal suture ca 1.5 × eye-diameter in front of eyes. Clypeal margin obtusely angled outward from this point, then curved inwards to the median excision. Median area of clypeus bulging upwards. Genae laterally with a narrow raised margin, this continued across the clypeus, becoming weaker medially. The punctation of the frons is sometimes stronger, with a clear distinction between larger punctures and fine dot-like ones. Antennae and maxillary palpi black to blackish brown. Epipharynx (Fig. +9 e +) similar to that of + +A. niger + +(Fig. +9 a – c +). Head and pronotum (Fig. +6 f +). Pronotum: hemi-cylindrical, glossy black and with double punctation. The intensity of the punctation is variable, with the larger punctures in some specimens confined to the lateral and posterior 1 / 4 s of its surface, while in others it extends over the whole surface and in some cases both the large and small punctures are heavily impressed, giving a roughened appearance to the surface. There is often an ill-defined narrow median band more or less free of punctures, extending from behind the middle of the disc almost to the hind margin. Lateral margins with a distinct raised bead, this either black or dark brown and extending round the hind corners often giving a continuous narrow raised border over the entire basal margin. It is necessary to tilt the specimen to trace the full course of this border, which is sometimes absent either side of the median 1 / 3, or from the middle 1 / 3 of the margin (Fig. +15 c +). Lateral margins visible from above over the anterior 1 / 2, behind this varying from being completely visible to totally obscured by the bulging pronotal surface. Scutellum: elongate, sides parallel in basal 1 / 2, then angled inwards to bluntly rounded apex. Surface glossy black, with sparse fine punctures. Elytra: black but with lead-grey silky sheen resulting from fine but distinct reticulation on the interstices. The strength of the reticulation varies from very weak in the +holotype +(Fig. +17 n +) to rather stronger in some Hortobágyi material (Fig. +17 o +) and stronger still in the +two females +from Kisújszállás (Fig. +17 p, q +). This reticulation may be obscured if the specimen is at all greasy. Interstices flat, ca 6 × wider than the striae, with very fine punctures, these ca the same size as the meshes of the reticulation. Striae narrow, vertical-sided, their bottoms glossy. Strial punctures in single rows, small, separated by ca 3 × their diameter, and excising the strial margins. + + +Metaventrite: median diamond-shaped plate in male finely and sparsely punctate, concave, depressed to median longitudinal groove (Fig. + +21 g + +); in female variable, sometimes median longitudinal groove flattened, but with the median area depressed anteriorly and sometimes with some reticulate sculpture (Fig. +21 i, j +). + + +Legs dark brown, often blackish, basal segment of mesotarsi normally longer than longer mesotibial spur (Fig. +18 j +) but sometimes equal in length or slightly shorter. + + +Aedeagus: Fig. +23 u +. Endophallus with heavy recurved teeth. Length ca +1.06 mm +, paramere length ca +0.54 mm +, basal piece length ca +0.69 mm +. Length of tooth-field ca +0.57 mm +, of longest teeth on endophallus 47–58 μm. + + + + +Remarks. + + +As already mentioned, Ádám described + +A. muscorum + +as a new species, intending it to be the valid name for the species then known as + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +niger +(Panzer, 1797) + +. However, chromosomal research by RBA has shown that Hungarian material is in fact different from true + +A. niger + +, so Ádám’s + +Liothorax muscorum + +must be regarded as a valid species. Ádám gives a description which, from its reference to variation in the strength of the elytral sculpture, is based on a fairly wide selection of Hungarian material. However, he lists only +one type +specimen, the +holotype +from the lake Vörös-tó in the Aggteleki national park in NE +Hungary +, adding that he took the unsexed specimen from mud in a drying out + +Typha + +bed. Vörös-tó is now a fairly deep lake with limited development of + +Phragmites + +round its edge. It was dredged out when the nearby entrance to the Baradla Barlang (cave) was developed (Sandor Rozsa, Chief Warden of the National Park, pers. comm. to RBA, +April 2012 +). The nearby Aggteleki-tó has extensive development of mud and + +Typha + +, but though RBA has taken + +A. +( +Nialus +) +varians + +in both lakes he failed to find the + +Liothorax + +. It is therefore necessary to rely on the +holotype +and a limited amount of material from the neighbourhood, in the MNSB, for comparison with extensive material from the Hortobágyi National Park, from which chromosomes and DNA are available. + + + +Aphodius muscorum + +stat. nov. +is at present reliably identified only from +Hungary +. It appears to be a steppe species which may have a wider distribution eastwards but this needs to be verified with + +A. niger + +s. l. +material from adjacent areas further east (Fig. +29 a +). RBA took the species abundantly in lakeside mud in the Hortobágy National Park in +April 2015 +(Fig. +27 b +), and +2 specimens +in the mud of a drying out ditch near Kisújszállás in +April 2012 +. + + + +<taxonomicName id="B691F59E72F7D95EBBD91837FC9BC3AE" authorityName="Hellwig" authorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B689AB7B2C4A5E65C58BE38F65C6CCA9" italics="true">Aphodius</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +" cf +<taxonomicName id="8974E1CE6B1BFD2BDAE6BE91CCD2DC6D" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1797" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger"> +<emphasis id="61E505DCC4868FDABC2E68D575753C4F" italics="true">A. niger</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +": species resembling +<taxonomicName id="20B77C4437F5D2559349C6B20AAD81FD" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1797" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger"> +<emphasis id="1C1CB245A88D01701BD2933E7A9EFC31" italics="true">A. niger</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="E807972F1B2E849267910D19D8EDD99B" authorityName="Angus & Maté & Angus & Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscorum"> +<emphasis id="EDA3F8D41F464679031F1E72A04EF592" italics="true">A. muscorum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but of uncertain identity + + + +Material examined. +RU: +Volgograd +, + +48.739 ° N +, +44.529 ° E + +. +1 ♂ +( + +NMP + +). +Tyumen +. +57.215 ° N +, +65.574 ° E +. +1 ♂ +. ( + +NMP + +). Tuyanso, Chernomorsk oblast’. + +44.310 ° N +, +30.517 ° E + +. 1915. +1 ♂ +( + +ZIN + +) + + +KZ: 10 KM SE of Akmolinsk (Astana) + +51.085 ° N +, +71.720 ° E + +. Under detritus by the water. +5. v. 1957 +. E. +L. +Gurjeva. +1 ♀ +( + +ZIN + +). Akmola obl. Kokshipan. By R. Tirs, Marsh on floodplain with + +Ranunculus + +and + +Fritillaria + +. +13. v. 1957 +. E. +L. +Gurjeva. +1 ♂ +( + +ZIN + +). Akmola oblast’, dolina Basaga-ozik., + +49.840 ° N +, +65.991 ° E + +. In a Solonchak (saltmarsh). +L. +Arnoldi, 27, +v. 1957 +. ( + +ZIN + +); Uralsk + +51.214 ° N +, +51.271 ° E + +. +1 ♂ +( + +NMP + +). + + +CZ: +Hradec Králové +, Na Plachtě. + +50.186 ° N +, +15.859 ° E + +. +1 ♂ +, 1 unsexed ( + +NHMUK + +). České Budějovice, Hosín aerodrome. 2 unsexed ( + +NHMUK + +). Břeclav Pohansko + +48.73 ° N +, +18.918 ° E + +. Martinů Ivo leg. +20. iv. 2008 +. +1 ♂ +, +4 ♀♀ +, 4 unsexed ( + +NHMUK + +). + + +SK: Bol. + +48.494 ° N +, +21.949 ° E + +. 2 unsexed ( + +NHMUK + +). + + +AU: Feldkirch Moosbrugger Vbg. + +47.258 ° N +, +9.581 ° E + +. +1 ♂ +, +1 ♀ +( +JHMC +). Purgstall a. E. +Austria +inf. + +48.063 ° N +, +15.132 ° E + +& + +48.064 ° N +, +15.133 ° E + +. 2, unsexed. Leg. Ressi ( + +JFMC + +). Umgebung +Wien +Mauerbach, + +48.246 ° N +, +16.165 ° E + +& + +48.264 ° N +, +16.354 ° E + +. 2, unsexed ( + +JFMC + +). +Wien +Umgebung, 4 + +8.209 ° N +, +16.392 ° E + +. 1, unsexed ( + +JFMC + +). Neusiedler See. + +47.712 ° N +, 16.16. 804 ° E + +1, unsexed ( + +JFMC + +). Ullig Hart bei Graz, + +47.082 ° N +, +15.440 ° E + +. 1, unsexed ( + +JFMC + +). + + +GE: Masselund, Emsland, +8. 5. 1969 +, Kerstens 1 unsexed; Hasslünne, Emsland, 8.5. 59, Kerstens, 1 unsexed ( + +ABC + +); Garz Dr Minarz, “ 594 + +niger + +”, 1 unsexed; c. Epplsh Steind. d., +1 ♂ +, 6 unsexed ( + +NMW + +). + + +PL: Hinter +Pommern +Kołobrzeg (Zieleniewo), 1 unsexed ( + +MNCN + +). + + +RU: +Yaroslavl +oblast’, Berditsino, + +57.454 ° N +, +40.1108 ° E + +. leg. Yakovlev. +1 ♂ +( + +NMW + +). + + +Remarks. +Material from +France +, +Italy +, +Bosnia +, and +Turkey +is listed by +Maté and Angus (2005) +. It is not listed here but is mapped (Fig. +29 +). + + +Material from coastal or near-costal localities from +Poland +, +Germany +, and +France +is likely to be + +A. niger + +. The Yaroslavl specimen is taken as + +A. niger + +because locality seems to be ecologically similar to the English and Swedish ones. This might also be true of the Tyumen male. + + +The specimens from Břeclav Pohansko and Bol are likely to be + +A. muscorum + +because these lowland localities are on the edge of the Hungarian plain, and the same is true of all the eastern Austrian material. + + +The outstanding problem with Central European material is the identity of the “ + +A. niger + +” from the German Mittelgeberge and the northern and central parts of +Czechia +, as well as the French Massif Central. The map given by +Rößner (2012) +shows German records, mainly pre- 1950, concentrated either in coastal regions or somewhat further inland (the Mittelgeberge) with few records connecting the two areas. +Rößner et al. (2016) +give updated records, with some west German localities in the Mittlegeberge post 1950. +Costessèque (2005) +records it from all the Départements of the Massif Central, but RBA failed to find it in the southern Auvergne (Cantal, Haute-Loire) in +April 2017 +. While all the material may be + +A. niger + +, there remains the possibility that a further, as yet unknown species may be present. We have, unfortunately, not been able to obtain living material from this inland area. + + +The material from Astana and the Akmola oblast and Uralsk may include a new species characterised by a reticulate metaventrite in the males, but a male from a saline depression (Solonchak) by the river Basaga-ozik lacks any trace of reticulation. The +Volgograd +male also lacks any trace of reticulation on the central portion of the metaventrite. The males from the Chernomorsk oblast’ and +Volgograd +also lack any reticulation on the metaventrites and their identities are unclear. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/32/BC/2D/32BC2D71A95658A58915FC2A717EC635.xml b/data/32/BC/2D/32BC2D71A95658A58915FC2A717EC635.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7d31cdaf3e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/32/BC/2D/32BC2D71A95658A58915FC2A717EC635.xml @@ -0,0 +1,496 @@ + + + +Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) + + + +Author + +Angus, Robert B. +0000-0002-3860-5617 +Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK + + + +Author + +Maté, Jason F. +0000-0002-2505-7113 +c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain + + + +Author + +Angus, Elizabeth M. +Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK + + + +Author + +Král, David +0000-0002-7930-1927 +Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +1207 + + +205 +299 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 +94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +discoides +A. +Schmidt, 1916 + +, +stat. rest. + + + + +Figs 2 j, k +, +5 e – h +, +7 h +, +14 a +, + +17 g +– i + +, +18 e +, +20 k, l +, +22 d – g, e ’, n’, o’, 25 n, 26 h, i + + + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Nialus +) +plagiatus var. discus + +Reitter 1892: 204 +. + + + + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Nialus +) +plagiatus var. discoides + +Schmidt, 1916: 96 +(new name for + + +Aphodius discus +Reitter 1892 + + +, not + +Aphodius discus +Wiedemann, 1823 + +). + + + + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Nialus +) +bytinskisalzi +Petrovitz, 1971: 219 + +. + + + + + + +Note. + + +Reitter described + +Aphodius plagiatus + +“ var. discus m ” as having the elytra yellow with only the wide margins black, and gave the locality “ Araxes, +Syria +” (now Aras). +Schmidt (1916) +proposed the replacement name + +A. discoides + +as Reitter’s + +Aphodius discus + +is a junior homonym of + +Aphodius discus +Wiedemann, 1823 + +. +Dellacasa et al. (2007) +dismiss these names as unavailable as they refer to colour variants, but this is incorrect, as it would be the case only if the name was “ infrasubspecific ”. For names published before 1961, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999, 4 +th +edition) states that a name “ is subspecific if first published before 1961 and the author expressly used one of the terms “ variety ” or “ form ” (including the use of the terms “ var. ”, “ forma ”, “ v ” and “ f ”), unless the author also expressly gave it infrasubspecific rank, or the content of the work unambiguously reveals that the name was published for an infrasubspecific entity ”. Reitter clearly stated that his name referred to a variety from a known locality, meaning that the taxon concerned was subspecific rather than infra-subspecific. This name is therefore available and, in the form of Schmidt’s replacement name ( + +discoides + +) is the oldest known name for this species. We have been unable to locate any type material of Reitter’s + +A. discus + +and therefore here designate a +neotype +. The specimen chosen is the +holotype +of + +A. bytinskisalzi + +, a male whose aedeagus has the endophallus extruded, from the same general area as Reitter’s material. + + + + +Type material examined. + + + +Holotype +. + + +Aphodius bytinskisalzi + + +♂ +Israel +, +Kuneitra +. + +6. iv. 1968 + +. Leg +Bytinski-Salz +Tel-Aviv +. This specimen is here designated as the +neotype +of + +L. discoides +Schmidt. + + +33.12657 ° N +, +35.8586 ° E + +( + +IL-SMNH + +.) + + + + + +Additional material examined. + + + +TR: +1 ♂ +, “ +Turkei +leg +Schönmann +et +Schilhammer +” “ +Prov. Diyarbakir +Karacadag + +28. 5. 1987 + +. “ + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +plagiatus + + +det +Pittino +1989 ” ( + +NMW + +) + +; + +1 ♂ +, +Turkey +Karacadag +In coll. D. Král ( + +NMP + +) + +; + +1 ♀ +, +Turkey +, + +24. vi. 1993 + +, +Kizildag +env. +Klíma +leg. In coll. D. Král ( + +NMP + +) + +; + +1 unsexed, +Turkey +, + +1. v. 1998 + +, +Erzincan +8 km +Askale +. Leg +Sama +( + +SZ + +) + +; + +1 ♀ +, +Turkey +, + +17. v. 2011 + +, +Muş + +1400 m + +Buģlan geçidi G. +Sama +leg. ( + +SZ + +) + +; + +1 black +♂ +, +Turkey +or. +Karakurt +env. In coll. D. Kràl ( + +NMP + +) + +. + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + + +This species agrees with + +A. plagiatus + +in the general form of the aedeagus, and in particular the absence of any bristles on the endophallus, which distinguishes it from all other known species. The lightly punctate central area of the metaventrite gives a clear separation from + +A. plagiatus + +. Most of the studied material has the elytra largely yellow, unique among the known Palaearctic + +Liothorax + +, but recognition of black specimens requires study of the aedeagus. + + + + +Redescription. + + +General appearance (Fig. +2 j, k +). Length: +3.8–4.8 mm +( +♂ +), +3.4–4.5 mm +( +♀ +), width +1.65–2.1 mm +( +♂ +), 1.5–2.0 mm ( +♀ +). + + +Head black, finely and sparsely double punctate, with small punctures and minute dots, the punctures separated by ca 2 × the diameter of the larger punctures, punctation slightly rugose towards the anterior margin, especially either side of the median emargination of the clypeus. Sides of clypeal emargination rounded. Frontal suture almost invisible, but median transverse portion present, with a small vague elevation medially, just behind median bulge of clypeus, in males, and weakly raised at ends, just mediad of inner margins of eyes, where it would be expected to angle forwards to anterior margin of genae. However, this part of the suture is effaced. +Centre +of clypeus raised. Maxillary palpi blackish brown, antennae mid brown, clubs darker. Epipharynx (Fig. +7 h +) with the anterior margin of the clithra only weakly emarginated either side of the tylus, and the apophobae rather stout and the prophobae restricted to areas close to the edges of the basal 1 / 2 of the mesoepitorma. + + +Pronotum black with anterior and lateral margins vaguely browned. Hemicylindrical, strongly arched transversely, scarcely at all longitudinally. Punctation double, sparse, stronger than on head, punctures separated by at least 2 × the diameter of the larger punctures. The larger punctures more developed posteriorly and laterally, almost absent from the anterior-median 1 / 3. Pronotal surface with a fine weak isodiametric reticulation (viewed at × 80). Sides of pronotum almost straight, parallel, incurved anteriorly. Pronotal surface bulges out laterally in basal 1 / 4, but the basal 1 / 4 of the lateral margins is still just visible from above. Head and pronotum (Fig. +5 e – h +): basal margin of pronotum unbordered in middle 1 / 3 (Fig. +14 a +). + +Scutellum elongate, glossy dark brown, pentagonal, sides parallel in basal 1 / 2, then convergent to bluntly pointed tip. + +Central area of elytra typically dull yellowish brown, semi-transparent so that the folded wings are visible, suggesting a vague darker pattern over this part of the elytra. Sutural interstice darker, as are the outer interstices (interstice 7 to the edge), with the darkening of interstice 7 sometimes confined to the outer edge just behind the humeral callus, then expanding over the entire interstice to the apex. Interstice 6 may be darkened in apical 1 / 2, and the apical 1 / 3 of the elytra is darkened throughout. Striae narrow, shallow, strial punctures scarcely encroaching on the strial edges. Interstices flat, sparsely and very finely punctate, ground with a fine isodiametric reticulation giving a silky sheen, though the strength of the reticulation varies (Fig. + +17 g +– i + +). In the black male listed above the elytra and scutellum are entirely black. This specimen agrees with + +A. discus + +in the shape and sculpture of the head and pronotum and in the endophallus with scales only, lacking any hairs or bristles. + + +Median diamond-shaped plate of metaventrite (Fig. +20 k, l +) weakly depressed to mid-line, finely punctate, the surface with fine isodiametric reticulation. + + +Legs: dark brown, tarsi a little paler. Longer spur of mid tibiae clearly longer than basal segment of tarsus, extending to ca the middle of segment 2 (Fig. +18 e +). + + +Aedeagus (Fig. +22 d – g +) similar to that of + +A. plagiatus + +, but smaller, length ca +0.85 mm +. Endophallus with short fine scales and with a field of densely packed columnar bristles at its apex (Fig. +22 e +’). The scales of the basal section of the aedeagus are the same size and shape in the black specimen as in the ones with paler elytra (Fig. +22 n +’, o’). + + + + +Remarks. + + + +Aphodius discoides + +appears to have a rather restricted distribution in +Anatolia +, +Syria +and +Israel +(Fig. +29 b +). It appears to be a rather rare species. We have no habitat information. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/A3/AA/B4/A3AAB4F7DFCF5000804CA4F8B4FB44E5.xml b/data/A3/AA/B4/A3AAB4F7DFCF5000804CA4F8B4FB44E5.xml index 77650a53426..f89d935c2e6 100644 --- a/data/A3/AA/B4/A3AAB4F7DFCF5000804CA4F8B4FB44E5.xml +++ b/data/A3/AA/B4/A3AAB4F7DFCF5000804CA4F8B4FB44E5.xml @@ -1,63 +1,63 @@ - - - -Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) + + + +Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) - - -Author + + +Author -Angus, Robert B. -0000-0002-3860-5617 -Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK +Angus, Robert B. +0000-0002-3860-5617 +Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK - - -Author + + +Author -Maté, Jason F. -0000-0002-2505-7113 -c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain +Maté, Jason F. +0000-0002-2505-7113 +c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain - - -Author + + +Author -Angus, Elizabeth M. -Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK +Angus, Elizabeth M. +Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK - - -Author + + +Author -Král, David -0000-0002-7930-1927 -Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic +Král, David +0000-0002-7930-1927 +Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2024 - -2024-07-22 + +2024 + +2024-07-22 - -1207 + +1207 - -205 -299 + +205 +299 -journal article -10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 -94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 +94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 - + @@ -84,11 +84,16 @@ Type material examined. + Holotype ♀ -Amdo / 1884 / Przevalsky (printed label), Zaidam / Burch Budde / 1-11 - 000 // +Amdo / 1884 / +Przevalsky +(printed label), Zaidam / Burch Budde / +1-11 - 000 +// Aphodius @@ -100,55 +105,87 @@ Amdo / 1884 / Przevalsky (printed label), Zaidam / Burch Budde / 1-11 - 000 // ZIN -). +) + +. + Paratypes : 1 ♂ -, data as -holotype -(originally on the same pin) ( +, data as holotype (originally on the same pin) ( ZIN -); +) + +; + 1 ♂ China Qinghai -/ N. -Qinghai -Hu / Gangca. Roadside / pool Printed label and a further label with the same data in Chinese. +/ N. Qinghai +Hu / Gangca +. +Roadside / pool +Printed label and a further label with the same data in Chinese. 37 ° 18 ' N , 100 ° 11 ' E / -3370 m + +3370 m + . -5. vi. 2013 -, / R. B. Angus, F. + +5. vi. 2013 + +, / +R. B. Angus +, + +F. L. -Jia & Y. Zhang. // +Jia + +& +Y. Zhang +. // + A. plagiatus ( L. -) / Chromosome prep. / +) + +/ Chromosome prep. / 6. vi 2013 -. / R. B. Angus // JFM 130815017 (printed labels) ( +. / R. B. Angus // +JFM 130815017 +(printed labels) ( NHMUK -); +) + +; + 1 ♀ -Cina-Gansu / Dingxi / 7.8 – 12.8 1996 / E. Kučera leg. // Ex coll. David Král / ( +Cina-Gansu / +Dingxi +/ 7.8 – 12.8 1996 / +E. Kučera +leg. // Ex coll. David Král / ( NMP -). +) + +.