+
+
+Cuticular colouration
+.
+
+Body mainly creamy yellow with brown maculae dorsally. Vertex and pronotum creamy yellow with irregular brown marks, meso- and metanotum creamy yellow with longitudinal brown streaks. Antennal scape and pedicel mainly off-white, flagellum pale brown. Femur of foreleg mainly off-white with dark brown apex and brown streaks along dorsal and ventral margins; tibia off-white; tarsus off-white with apical 1 / 2 dark brown; midlegs and hindlegs similar to forelegs in colour pattern. Abdominal tergites cream yellow with contrasting brown maculae as in Fig.
+1 a – e
+, tergite hypodermal colour uniformly without maculae or pigmentation (Fig.
+7 d
+); sternites with cream shading to pale brown backwardly. Gills white with transparent main trunk and branches of tracheae. Caudalii cream to yellow-brown with brown primary swimming bristles.
+
+
+Precursors of turbinate eyes
+in last instar male larvae normal, without elevated area with well-expressed facets.
+
+
+Antenna
+(Fig.
+1 b – e
+). Antenna ~ 3–4 × head width; scape smooth with fine setae sparsely; pedicel surface with fine setae and one row of tiny, rounded setae along distal margin, inner margin with tiny, triangular denticles distolaterally (Fig.
+2 a
+).
+
+
+Labrum
+(Fig.
+2 b
+) nearly rectangular, width / length ratio ~ 1.6; anterior margin bordered with long and feathered setae and a deep notch; dorsally with submedial pair of long, robust bristles and submarginal arc of ~ 5 long, robust bristles on each side of midline, several fine setae scattered proximally; ventral surface with dense, fine setae medially and 6–8 short, pointed setae laterally and disto-laterally.
+
+
+
+Left mandible
+(Fig.
+2 c
+). Incisor and kinetodontium fused; incisor with three denticles, kinetodontium with three main denticles decreasing in length and one additional minute denticle between incisor and kinetodontium; prostheca robust, apex with five or six blunt denticles and two or three slender, pointed denticles; margin between prostheca and mola straight; apex of mola without tuft of setae.
+
+
+Right mandible
+(Fig.
+2 d
+). Incisor and kinetodontium fused; incisor with three denticles; kinetodontium with four denticles, inner margin of innermost denticle with three or four small denticles; prostheca slender with slightly wider base, apex toothbrush-like, with many sharp denticles on inner margin; margin between prostheca and mola slightly concave; apex of mola with a tuft of straight setae.
+
+
+Hypopharynx and superlinguae
+(Fig.
+4 d
+). Lingua subequal to superlinguae in length, with numerous fine setae apically. Superlinguae distally rounded with numerous fine setae along apical margin.
+
+
+Maxilla
+(Fig.
+3 a
+). Galea-lacinia with three robust canines; crown of galea-lacinia with one regular row of 10–13 medium-size arcuate, simple setae (Fig.
+3 d
+), second row composed of three dentisetae and a row of 7–9 elongated pectinate setae (Fig.
+3 e
+), 1
+st
+dentiseta robust, canine-like with wide base, other dentisetae slender, bifid, and pectinate; ventrally with two simple, apical setae under canines (Fig.
+3 c
+). Medially with one row of five or six long, simple setae and one spine-like seta perpendicular to lacinia margin. Maxillary palp 2 - segmented, longer than galea-lacinia, segment I shorter than segment II, apex of segment II with single tiny scale on small cone-shaped projection (Fig.
+3 a
+). Small tongue-like accessory gill located on outer side of the articulation between stipes and cardo (Fig.
+3 a, b
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Branchiobaetis borealis
+
+sp. nov.
+a
+maxilla
+b
+accessory gill between stipes and cardo of maxilla
+c – e
+apex of maxilla. Abbreviations: st: stipes, ca: cardo.
+
+
+
+Labium
+(Fig.
+4 a
+). Glossae shorter and narrower than paraglossae, triangular with wide base, narrowing toward apex, inner margin of glossae with 10–12 spine-like, simple setae and outer margin with six or seven long, simple setae, apex with three robust setae; paraglossae with three rows of long, robust, distally pectinate and curved setae distoventrally and one short, simple seta in proximolateral area (Fig.
+4 c
+); dorsal surface on distal 1 / 2 with one longitudinal row of five or six long, robust, spine-like setae near inner margin (Fig.
+4 b
+); labial palp 3 - segmented; segment I slightly shorter than segments II and III combined, with many micropores dorsally; segment II triangular with distinct protuberance apico-laterally, ~ 1.3 × wider than base of segment III, dorsal surface with one longitudinal row of three or four medium spine-like simple setae and many micropores (Fig.
+4 e
+); segment III similar to asymmetrical onion-shaped dome, dorsally with pointed simple setae near apex, ventral surface covered with many blunt pointed spatulate setae accompanied by fine setae (Fig.
+4 f
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Branchiobaetis borealis
+
+sp. nov.
+a
+labium
+b
+glossae & paraglossae (dorsal view)
+c
+glossae and paraglossae (ventral view)
+d
+hypopharynx and superlinguae
+e
+segments II & III of labial palp (dorsal view)
+f
+segments II and III of labial palp (ventral view).
+
+
+
+Hind wing pads
+well developed.
+
+
+Forelegs
+(Fig.
+5 b
+). Ratio of foreleg segments (femur to claw) 6.8: 5.4: 3.0: 1.0.
+Femur
+. Length ~ 3.4 × maximum width. Dorsal surface covered with many small oval spatulate setae accompanied by fine setae; ventral face with sparse, small, spatulate setae and fine setae. Outer margin with two rows of different
+type
+setae: one row of 13–17 medium-sized, robust, clavate setae and proximal row of 17–22 long, slender setae; additional row of small, teardrop-shaped, distally curved, hook-like setae along dorsal margin (Fig.
+5 f
+); ventral margin with small, apically pointed or rounded, spatulate setae basally. Apex rounded with short, stout setae anteriorly, dorsoapical setal patch formed by two stout clavate setae. Villopore present and well developed (Fig.
+5 c
+). A transparent finger-like accessory gill on inner side of coxal articulation (between coxa and prosternum) (Fig.
+5 d, e
+); hyaline bubble-like membranous swelling between coxa and trochanter (Fig.
+5 d
+).
+Tibia
+. Outer margin with one row of fine setae and several small, curved hook-like setae; ventral margin with row of short, stout spine-like setae. Tibio-patellar suture present. Both surfaces covered with small, apically pointed or rounded, spatulate setae alternating with hair-like setae.
+Tarsus
+. Outer margin with fine setae and one row of small, distally curved hook-like setae; ventral margin with one row of ~ 10 stout spine-like pointed setae increasing in length towards apex; both surfaces covered with small, spatulate setae alternating with hair-like setae.
+
+
+Claws
+
+
+hooked (Fig.
+5 a
+), with one row of ~ 10 acute teeth, subapical setae absent.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Branchiobaetis borealis
+
+sp. nov.
+a
+claw
+b
+foreleg
+c
+villopore of femur
+d
+accessory gills (vertical arrows) between coxa and prosternum on foreleg and bubble-like membranous swellings (horizontal arrows)
+e
+detail of accessory gill on foreleg
+f
+distally curved hook-like setae on dorsal margin of femur. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
+
+
+
+Middle and hind legs
+similar to foreleg in structure except for lacking the finger-like accessory gills on base of coxa and the villopore larger and more obvious than that of forelegs.
+
+
+Abdominal tergites and sternites
+both densely covered with crescent-shaped scale bases, several triangular spatulate setae, and hair-like setae. Posterior margins of tergites I – X with triangular spines increasing in length from I to X (Fig.
+6 b – d
+). Posterior margins of sternites I – IX smooth medially, but with row of dentate protuberances laterally (as Fig.
+14 b
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Branchiobaetis borealis
+
+sp. nov.
+a
+gills I – VII
+b
+posterior margin of abdominal tergite I
+c
+posterior margin of abdominal tergites IV – V
+d
+posterior margin of abdominal tergite IX. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
+
+
+
+Gills
+(Fig.
+6 a
+) present on segments I – VII and well tracheated with a transparent main trunk and branches of tracheae, ratio of gill length from I – VII = 1.1: 1.7: 1.9: 1.8: 1.7: 1.3: 1.0. External margins of all gills with small denticles intercalating fine hair-like setae, without any marginal spines or spatulate setae.
+
+
+Paraproct
+(Fig.
+7 b
+). Surface scattered with many micropores and hair-like setae, two or three small oval spatulate setae present near posterior margin; posterior margin with nine or ten triangular spines; surface of cercotractor smooth, with 19–22 spines marginally.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Branchiobaetis borealis
+
+sp. nov.
+a
+gonostyli bud under cuticle of last instar male larva
+b
+paraproct
+c
+part of caudalii
+d
+subimaginal female extracted from last instar larva before emergence.
+
+
+
+Caudalii
+(Fig.
+7 c
+). Cerci with a row of swimming bristles on inner side of intersegment, each segment with row of pointed spines distally; paracercus with swimming bristles on both sides of intersegment.
+
+
+
+Gonostyli bud
+.
+
+Subimaginal gonostyli folded under cuticle of last instar larvae, segments II and III sharply bent towards middle (Fig.
+7 a
+).
+
+
+
+
+Etymology.
+
+
+The specific epithet
+
+borealis
+
+is the Latin masculine adjective, meaning “ northern ”, referring to the fact that this new species may represent the northernmost distribution of the genus in the Oriental Region.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution
+
+
+
+(Fig.
+23
+).
+
+China
+:
+Yunnan
+(Lushi, Weixi, and Yunlong).
+
+
+
+
+Larval habitat
+
+
+
+(Fig.
+22 b
+).
+
+
+Branchiobaetis borealis
+
+sp. nov.
+was found in moderately rapid to swift unshaded streams with gravel substrates at altitudes from
+1036 m
+to
+2523 m
+in
+Yunnan
+,
+China
+. The three collection sites of the new species are respectively located in catchments of the Jinsha River (the upper reaches of the Yangtze River), Nujinag River (the upper reaches of Salween River), and Lancang River (the upper reaches of Mekong River), suggesting that
+
+B. borealis
+
+sp. nov.
+may be common in the Three Parallel Rivers of
+Yunnan
+Protected Areas.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/EB/6C/F9/EB6CF9E72D265178B0A3942A86F283EB.xml b/data/EB/6C/F9/EB6CF9E72D265178B0A3942A86F283EB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..46807a064cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/EB/6C/F9/EB6CF9E72D265178B0A3942A86F283EB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,765 @@
+
+
+
+First contribution to the genera Branchiobaetis and Megabranchiella (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) in China, with descriptions of two new species
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tong, Xiaoli
+0000-0003-1731-229X
+Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, China
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Zhou, Zhiheng
+https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0763-8713
+Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, China
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Wu, Bangyi
+https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6398-5243
+Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, China
+
+text
+
+
+ZooKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-10-23
+
+
+1216
+
+
+115
+148
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803
+2312FE20-8C12-48B2-8D97-CFC920CCF5C2
+
+
+
+
+
+Branchiobaetis megasinus
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+Figs 8
+,
+9
+,
+10
+,
+11
+,
+12
+,
+13
+,
+14
+,
+15
+,
+16
+,
+17
+
+
+
+
+Type material.
+
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+.
+
+China
+• male larva in alcohol (mature);
+Guangdong
+,
+Shenzhen
+,
+Wutongshan River
+(
+
+22.5972 ° N
+,
+114.2067 ° E
+
+);
+
+30. xii. 2023
+
+–
+
+1. i. 2024
+
+; leg.
+Zhiheng Zhou.
+
+
+Paratypes
+
+(in alcohol): • 9 mature larvae, locality and date as
+holotype
+•
+
+3 larvae
+,
+1 male
+imago (reared specimen) on slide;
+Tai Po Kau Forest
+Stream,
+Hong Kong
+;
+
+25. ii. 1999
+
+; leg.
+Xiaoli Tong
+;
+1 larva
+(on slide);
+Tai Po Kau Forest
+Stream,
+Hong Kong
+;
+
+19. xi. 1996
+
+; leg.
+Xiaoli Tong
+;
+1 larva
+;
+Tai Po Kau Forest
+Stream,
+Hong Kong
+;
+
+26. ii. 1997
+
+; leg.
+Maria Salas
+;
+1 larva
+(on slide);
+Shing Mum
+,
+Hong Kong
+;
+
+7. i. 1997
+
+; leg.
+Xiaoli Tong
+
+•
+
+2 larvae
+;
+Ma Po Mei
+,
+Hong Kong
+;
+
+10. x. 1997
+
+; leg.
+Xiaoli Tong
+;
+1 larva
+(on slide);
+Ma Po Mei
+,
+Hong Kong
+;
+
+7. iii. 1998
+
+; leg.
+Xiaoli Tong
+;
+1 larva
+(on slide);
+Mt. Nankunshan
+,
+Longmen County
+,
+Guangdong
+;
+
+16. ix. 1994
+
+; leg.
+Xiaoli Tong
+
+•
+
+3 larvae
+(1 on slide),
+Mt. Luofushan
+,
+Boluo County
+,
+Guangdong
+;
+
+31. x. 2023
+
+; leg.
+Xiaoli Tong
+,
+Zhiheng Zhou
+&
+Bangyi Wu
+
+•
+
+5 larvae
+(1 on slide); upper reaches of
+Liuxihe River
+,
+Conghua
+,
+Guangzhou
+,
+Guangdong
+;
+
+23–24. iii. 2024
+
+; leg.
+Zhiheng Zhou
+&
+Bangyi Wu.
+
+
+
+
+
+Description.
+
+
+Larva
+(Fig.
+8 a – e
+). Body length (mm): female 7.0–8.5, male larvae slightly shorter than female, 6.0–7.5; antenna 3.0–4.0; cerci 3.0–4.0, paracercus ~ 4 / 5 length of cerci.
+
+
+
+
+Cuticular colouration
+.
+
+Body mainly brown or brownish green (in life) dorsally. Vertex uniformly brown. Antennal scape brown with off-white apex, pedicel off-white, flagellum pale brown. Pronotum mainly brown with irregular dark brown marks, meso- and metanotum mainly brown with irregular cream marks near base of forewing pads and a pair of small cream spots submedially. Legs contrasting bicoloured. Femur off-white with a large dark brown band medially and dark brown macula proximally and apically; tibia off-white with dark brown macula basally and distally; tarsus off-white with dark brown band apically. Abdominal tergites I –
+IV
+and
+VI
+– IX brown with a pair of cream stripes laterally;
+V
+brown with a cream, oval macula anterior medially and a pair of cream stripes laterally; X with yellow-brown shading to cream in the anterior portion and brown in posterior 1 / 2; tergites II – VIII with a pair of oblique dark brown medio-anterior sigilla and a pair of medioposterior sigilla (Figs
+13 e
+,
+14 a
+). Abdominal sternites with cream shading to pale brown posteriorly. Cerci cream to yellow-brown with dark brown bands medially and distally (Figs
+8 a – e
+,
+15 f
+); paracercus cream to yellow-brown with dark brown band near terminal; primary swimming bristles dark brown.
+
+
+Precursors of turbinate eyes
+(Figs
+8 d, e
+,
+15 a, b
+) in last instar male larvae normal, without elevated area with well-expressed facets.
+
+
+Antenna
+(Fig.
+8 a – c
+). Antenna ~ 3–4 × of head width; scape smooth, without noticeable setae; inner margin of pedicel with tiny triangular denticles distolaterally (Fig.
+9 a, b
+).
+
+
+
+Labrum
+(Fig.
+9 c
+) nearly rectangular, width / length ratio ~ 1.5; anterior margin bordered with long and feathered setae and a median notch; dorsally with submedial pair of long, robust bristles and submarginal arc of six or seven long, robust bristles on each side of midline, several fine setae scattered proximally; ventral surface with densely fine setae medially and six or seven short, pointed setae laterally and disto-laterally.
+
+
+Left mandible
+(Fig.
+9 d
+). Incisor and kinetodontium fused; incisor with three denticles, kinetodontium with four main denticles decreasing in length and one additional minute denticle between incisor and kinetodontium; prostheca robust, apex with four bluntly denticles and two or three long, pointed denticles; margin between prostheca and mola straight with two or three fine, pointed minute spines; apex of mola without tuft of setae.
+
+
+Right mandible
+(Fig.
+9 e
+). Incisor and kinetodontium fused; incisor with three denticles; kinetodontium with four denticles, inner margin of innermost denticle with three small denticles (Fig.
+10 a
+); prostheca slender and toothbrush-like, with many sharp denticles on inner margin apically; margin between prostheca and mola slightly concave, occasionally with 1–3 fine, pointed minute spines; apex of mola with a tuft of straight setae.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Branchiobaetis megasinus
+
+sp. nov.
+a
+apex of right mandible
+b
+hypopharynx and superlinguae
+c
+accessory gill between stipes and cardo of maxilla
+d
+apex of maxillary palp
+e
+maxilla
+f
+villopore of femur. Abbreviations: st: stipes, ca: cardo. Red arrows indicate the tongue-like accessory gill (
+c, e
+).
+
+
+
+Hypopharynx and superlinguae
+(Fig.
+10 b
+). Lingua slightly longer than superlinguae, with numerous fine setae apically. Superlinguae distally rounded with numerous fine setae along apical margin.
+
+
+Maxilla
+(Fig.
+10 e
+). Galea-lacinia with three robust canines; crown of galea-lacinia with one regular row of 13–15 medium-size arcuate simple setae, second row compound of three dentisetae and row of 7–9 elongated pectinate setae; ventrally with two simple, apical setae under canines. Base of lacinia with one row of five or six long simple setae and one seta perpendicular to lacinia margin. Maxillary palp 2 - segmented, longer than galea-lacinia, two segments subequal in length; apex of segment II with single tiny scale on small cone-shaped projection (Fig.
+10 d
+). Small tongue-like accessory gill located on outer side of the articulation between stipes and cardo (Fig.
+10 c, e
+).
+
+
+Labium
+(Fig.
+11 a
+). Glossae shorter and narrower than paraglossae, triangular with wide base, narrowing toward apex, inner margin of glossae with 7–10 long, simple setae and distal 1 / 3 of outer margin with ~ 5 long, simple setae, apex with three robust setae; paraglossae with two rows of long, robust, curved setae distoventrally, dorsal surface on distal 1 / 2 with one longitudinal row of two or three long, robust, spine-like setae near inner margin (Fig.
+11 b
+); labial palp 3 - segmented, segment I longer than segments II and III combined, with many micropores dorsally; segment II triangular with distinct protuberance apico-laterally, ~ 1.1 × wider than base of segment III, dorsal surface with one longitudinal row of three medium simple setae and many micropores (Fig.
+11 c
+); segment III similar to asymmetrical onion-shaped dome, apex usually with a small cone-shaped projection, ventral surface covered with many spine-like, simple setae accompanied by fine setae distally (Fig.
+11 c
+).
+
+
+
+Hind wing pads
+well developed.
+
+
+Forelegs
+(Fig.
+12 b – f
+). Ratio of foreleg segments (femur to claw) 6.9: 5.9: 3.5: 1.0.
+Femur
+. Length ~ 3.5 × maximum width. Dorsal surface covered with numerous crescent scale bases accompanied by fine setae; ventral face with sparse crescent scale bases and fine setae. Outer margin with two rows of different
+type
+setae: one row of 10–13 long, robust, blunt pointed setae and proximal row of 13–17 slender long setae (Fig.
+12 d
+); additional row of small, decurved hook-like setae along dorsal margin; ventral margin with small, apically pointed or rounded, spatulate setae. Apex rounded with many short, stout, hook-like setae anteriorly, dorsoapical setal patch formed by two stout setae. Villopore present and well developed (Figs
+10 f
+,
+12 d
+). A finger-like accessory gill on inner side of coxal articulation (between coxa and prosternum); hyaline bubble-like membranous swelling between coxa and trochanter (Fig.
+12 a
+).
+Tibia
+. Outer margin with one row of small, apically decurved hook-like setae and fine setae; ventral margin with row of longer, stout spine-like setae. Tibio-patellar suture present (Fig.
+12 e
+). Both surfaces covered with crescent-shaped scale bases, apically oval or pointed spatulate setae alternating with hair-like setae.
+Tarsus
+. Outer margin with fine setae and one row of short, curved hook-like setae; ventral margin with one row of ~ 11 stout spine-like pointed setae increasing in length toward apex (Fig.
+12 f
+), apex with single robust, spine-like pointed seta. Both surfaces covered with crescent scale bases.
+
+
+Claws
+
+
+hooked (Fig.
+12 c
+), with one row of 11–13 acute teeth, subapical setae absent.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Branchiobaetis megasinus
+
+sp. nov.
+a
+accessory gills (vertical arrows) between coxa and prosternum on foreleg and bubble-like membranous swellings (horizontal arrows)
+b
+foreleg of final instar larva
+c
+claw
+d
+foreleg femur
+e
+foreleg tibia
+f
+foreleg tarsus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
+b
+); 0.1 mm (
+d, e, f
+).
+
+
+
+Middle and hind legs
+similar to foreleg in structure except for lacking the finger-like accessory gills on base of coxa.
+
+
+
+Abdominal tergites and sternites
+.
+
+Both tergites and sternites densely covered with crescent scale bases and sparse hair-like setae, without any spatulate setae. Posterior margins of tergites I – X with triangular spines increasing in length from I to X (Figs
+13 c – e
+,
+14 a
+). Posterior margins of sternites I – IX smooth medially, but with row of dentate protuberances laterally (Fig.
+14 b
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Branchiobaetis megasinus
+
+sp. nov.
+a
+gills I – VII
+b
+external margin of gill
+c
+posterior margin of abdominal tergite II
+d
+posterior margin of tergite IV
+e
+posterior margin of tergite VIII.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Branchiobaetis megasinus
+
+sp. nov.
+a
+middle part of abdominal tergite V
+b
+posterior margin of sternite VII
+c
+gonostyli bud under cuticle of last instar male larva
+d
+paraproct.
+
+
+
+Gills
+(Fig.
+13 a
+) present on segments I – VII and well tracheated, ratio of gill length from I – VII = 1.0: 1.8: 2.0: 1.9: 1.6: 1.3: 1.0. External margins of all gills with small denticles intercalating fine hair-like setae (Fig.
+13 b
+), without any marginal spines or spatulate setae.
+
+
+Paraproct
+(Fig.
+14 d
+). Surface scattered with several crescent scale bases, fine setae and many micropores; margin with ~ 12 triangular spines; surface of cercotractor smooth, with 12–15 spines marginally.
+
+
+Caudalii
+(Fig.
+15 f
+). Cerci with a row of swimming bristles on inner side of intersegment, each segment with row of pointed spines distally; paracercus with swimming bristles on both sides of intersegment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Branchiobaetis megasinus
+
+sp. nov.
+a, b
+head of final instar male larva before emergence
+c
+female abdomen extracted from last instar larva before emergence
+d
+male abdomen extracted from last instar larva before emergence
+e
+subimaginal gonostyli extracted from last instar larva
+f
+caudalii.
+
+
+
+Gonostyli bud
+folded under cuticle of last instar larvae, segment II of gonostylus bud sharply bent towards middle and segment III sharply bent towards posterolaterally (Fig.
+14 c
+); subimaginal gonostyli extracted from last instar larva as Fig.
+15 e
+.
+
+
+Male imago.
+Body length
+6.4 mm
+. Forewing
+6.3 mm
+. Cerci 18.0 mm. Turbinate eyes cylindrical (Fig.
+17 b, c
+), slightly widened apically, stalk and facetted surface orange; ocelli off-white with dark brown basal ring. Antennae longer than head capsule; flagella pale brown, pedicels and scapes cream. Pronotum pale with dark brown maculae medially; mesonotum pale to pale brown with brown markings medially and posterolaterally; metanotum yellow-brown to dark brown; thorax dark brown laterally. Forewings hyaline (Fig.
+17 d
+), longitudinal veins and paired marginal intercalaries yellow-brown, double intercalary veins longer than distance between corresponding longitudinal veins; costa serrated with pointed spines on basal portion (Fig.
+16 b
+), pterostigma area transparent washed pale yellow-brown, with four or five slanting cross veins (Figs
+16 c
+,
+17 d
+); hindwings (Fig.
+17 e
+) with acute costal process and three longitudinal veins. Fore femur pale, arched medially (Fig.
+
+17 g
+
+), fore tibia yellow-brown, fore tarsus pale yellow-brown; ratio of foreleg femur / tibia / tarsus = 1: 1.4: 1.4; ratio of foreleg tarsal segments = 1.0: 6.6: 5.7: 3.3: 2.0; middle and hind legs similar to foreleg in colouration except with straight femora and apical spine on fused 1
+st
++ 2
+nd
+and 3
+rd
+tarsal segments (Fig.
+17 f
+); all claws with one oval lobe and one pointed curved hook. Abdominal tergites I – VIII rust-red with anterior submedial pair of pale streaks, each with single purple-brown transverse streak along posterior margin, tergites IX – X pale. Genitalia (Figs
+16 a
+,
+17 a
+): unistyliger cylindrical, inner margin of segment I of gonostylus with distomedial swelling and outer margin with protuberance basally (Fig.
+17 a
+), segment III of gonostylus oblong. Cerci grey-white with rust tints basally.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Male imago of
+
+Branchiobaetis megasinus
+
+sp. nov.
+a
+genitalia
+b
+costa of fore wing on basal portion
+c
+pterostigma area of fore wing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Male imago of
+
+Branchiobaetis megasinus
+
+sp. nov.
+a
+genitalia
+b
+head (anterior view,)
+c
+head (lateral view)
+d
+fore wing
+e
+hind wing (enlarge,)
+f
+hind leg
+g
+foreleg. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (
+a
+); 0.5 mm (
+e, f
+); 1.0 mm (
+b, d, g
+).
+
+
+
+Female imago.
+Unknown.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology.
+
+
+The specific epithet is a combination of
+mega
+- (derived from the Greek, meaning huge, large) and
+sinus
+(from Latin masculine adjective meaning bay or gulf). Thus, the name refers to the fact that the
+type
+series of the new species was found from the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Greater Bay Area).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution
+
+
+
+(Fig.
+23
+).
+
+China
+:
+Guangdong
+(Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Boluo, Longmen) and
+Hong Kong
+(Tai Po Kau Forest Stream, Shing Mun, Chuen Lung, Ma Po Mei, Ng Tung Chai, Mui Tsz Lam, Shek Mun Kap).
+
+
+
+
+Larval habitat
+
+
+
+(Fig.
+22 a
+).
+
+The species usually live in moderately rapid, well-aerated riffles at low-altitude (<
+300 m
+a. s. l.) forest streams with gravel and cobble substrates. The physicochemical parameters of the
+type
+locality (Wutongshan River, Shenzhen in December) are as follows: river width
+5–7 m
+, water depth
+10–20 cm
+, water temperature 18.3 ° C, current velocity
+0.25 m
+/ s,
+DO
+9.4 mg
+/ l, pH 8.0 and TDS
+43.9 mg
+/ l.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file