diff --git a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFC50B2CFF4BFD4D69C8BA09.xml b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFC50B2CFF4BFD4D69C8BA09.xml index 1e0ae51c153..9649cb1a273 100644 --- a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFC50B2CFF4BFD4D69C8BA09.xml +++ b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFC50B2CFF4BFD4D69C8BA09.xml @@ -1,49 +1,49 @@ - - - -Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) + + + +Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) - - -Author + + +Author -Vandenberg, Natalia J. +Vandenberg, Natalia J. - - -Author + + +Author -Hanson, Paul E. +Hanson, Paul E. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2019 - -2019-02-08 + +2019 + +2019-02-08 - -4554 + +4554 - -1 + +1 - -255 -285 + +255 +285 -journal article -27575 -10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 -ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 -1175-5326 -2623565 -A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 +journal article +27575 +10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 +ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 +1175-5326 +2623565 +A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 @@ -51,22 +51,23 @@ Key to World genera of -Diomini +Diomini sens. nov. (excluding - + Erratodiomus and - + Magnodiomus -(Hyperaspidini) ( +Hyperaspidini +) ( Figs. 1–2 )) @@ -87,8 +88,11 @@ and 2’. Species occurring outside the New World............................................... + Diomus -Mulsant, +Mulsant + +, in part @@ -97,31 +101,29 @@ Mulsant, 3. Female genitalia ( -Fig. 5 +Fig. 5 ) with sperm duct generally long, convoluted; spermatheca vermiform throughout, lacking bulbous basal chamber. Male genitalia ( -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 ) with main tube of penis completing half to three-quarters turn or more within basal ½, somewhat spiraliform; penis bearing long or short apical flagellum; penis capsule ( -Figs. 7, 11–12 +Figs. 7, 11–12 ) with long slender inner arm that may be strongly procurved ( -Fig. 12 +Fig. 12 ); outer arm truncated or obliterated ( -Fig. 11 +Fig. 11 ), leaving large oval orifice to mark its place; some species with fragment of outer arm present but not enclosing ejaculatory duct ( -Fig. 12 -). Predators on -Sternorrhyncha -( -Pseudococcidae +Fig. 12 +). Predators on Sternorrhyncha ( +Pseudococcidae , -Coccidae +Coccidae , -Diaspididae +Diaspididae , -Monophlebidae +Monophlebidae , -Ortheziidae +Ortheziidae ). Larvae free-living......... - + Decadiomus Chapin @@ -130,21 +132,21 @@ Chapin 3’. Female genitalia ( -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 ) with sperm duct of moderate length, may be weakly sinuous; spermatheca with bulbous basal chamber. Male genitalia ( -Figs. 8 +Figs. 8 , -29–32 +29–32 ) with main tube of penis completing half turn within basal ½, forming fishhook shape; penis lacking apical flagellum; inner and outer arms of penis capsule ( -Fig. 10 +Fig. 10 ) equally well developed, broadly consolidated into fanlike shape with sinuous distal margin; ejaculatory duct enters penis capsule through small opening in outer angle of capsule. Parasites of - + Piper plants that feed on food bodies. Larvae develop in silken tents constructed between leaf veins ( -Figs. 40–42 +Figs. 40–42 ).................................................................................. - + Moiradiomus @@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ plants that feed on food bodies. Larvae develop in silken tents constructed betw 4. Length of terminal antennomere approximately equal to twice width, longer than basal 3 antennomeres combined................................................................................................. - + Andrzej Ślipiński @@ -168,7 +170,7 @@ plants that feed on food bodies. Larvae develop in silken tents constructed betw 4.’ Length of terminal antennomere ( Figs. 1a,b ) less than twice width (except in - + Diomus sedani ), much shorter than basal 3 antennomeres combined..................................................................................... 5 @@ -181,7 +183,7 @@ plants that feed on food bodies. Larvae develop in silken tents constructed betw 5. Pronotum with sharp submarginal carinae separating the anterolateral pronotal angles from the disc. Australia ..................................................................................................... - + Dichaina Weise @@ -195,11 +197,11 @@ Weise 6. Prosternum T-shaped, long anterior to coxal cavities (subequal to length of cavity), with short carinae not extending to apex. Female genitalia with bulbous base to spermatheca, with distally tapered sclerotized sheath in basal half of sperm duct (similar to - + Moiradiomus ; -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 ). Restricted to the New World........................................ Heterodiomus @@ -210,8 +212,10 @@ Brèthes 6.’ Without the above combination of characters. Distributed world wide................................ + Diomus Mulsant + diff --git a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFC70B2CFF4BFA206D1BBE47.xml b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFC70B2CFF4BFA206D1BBE47.xml index 14652611f11..4c0e3b6c8da 100644 --- a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFC70B2CFF4BFA206D1BBE47.xml +++ b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFC70B2CFF4BFA206D1BBE47.xml @@ -1,49 +1,49 @@ - - - -Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) + + + +Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) - - -Author + + +Author -Vandenberg, Natalia J. +Vandenberg, Natalia J. - - -Author + + +Author -Hanson, Paul E. +Hanson, Paul E. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2019 - -2019-02-08 + +2019 + +2019-02-08 - -4554 + +4554 - -1 + +1 - -255 -285 + +255 +285 -journal article -27575 -10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 -ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 -1175-5326 -2623565 -A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 +journal article +27575 +10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 +ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 +1175-5326 +2623565 +A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Tribe - + Diomini Gordon, 1999 @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ a–d) - + Diomini Gordon 1999 @@ -79,23 +79,28 @@ Diomini . Type genus: + Diomus -Mulsant, 1850 Included taxa (new circumscription, excluding - +Mulsant, 1850 Included + +taxa (new circumscription, excluding + Magnodiomus and - + Erratodiomus which we transfer to -Hyperaspidini +Hyperaspidini ; see “ Remarks ,” below): + Diomus + , - + Decadiomus , @@ -103,11 +108,11 @@ which we transfer to Heterodiomus , - + Dichaina , - + Andrzej , and the new genus described herein @@ -128,53 +133,53 @@ Size minute to small ( ). Tibial spurs lacking. Abdomen with 6 visible ventrites; ventrite 1 and 2 partially fused medially. Abdominal postcoxal line ( Fig. 1d ) curving posterolaterally, merging with posterior margin of ventrite. Male genitalia with basal lobe (=penis guide sens. Ślipiński) distinctly asymmetrical to roughly symmetrical at least in outline; penis capsule with outer arm distinct to obsolete ( -Figs. 9–12 +Figs. 9–12 ). Female genitalia with spermathecal capsule well developed, except vestigial or absent in some Australian species; capsule with simple angular or C-shaped form, vermiform throughout or with swollen basal chamber; cornu of moderate length, not convoluted; ramus and nodulus sessile to weakly projecting; ramus with or without short beak-like projection (apodeme) overhanging attachment of accessory gland. Coxites teardrop or rhombus-shaped, with widely arcuate posterior margin. Members of -Diomini +Diomini are most easily confused with other small pubescent lady beetles. The shape of the abdominal postcoxal line and wide posterior margin of the coxites will distinguish diomines from both - + Scymnus and - + Nephus (including its subgenera sens. Gordon 1985 which are now often accorded full generic status). In - + Scymnus and - + Nephus the postcoxal line does not reach the hind margin of the ventrite and the outer end is often recurved toward the base of the ventrite; the coxites are narrow and distally tapered rather than broad. Among New World species, the basal lobe of -Diomini +Diomini is distinctly asymmetrical, while that of - + Scymnus is bilaterally symmetrical. Furthermore, - + Scymnus can be distinguished from -Diomini +Diomini by the possession of cryptotetramerous tarsi, and - + Nephus is distinct in having the basal two antennomeres fused or tightly joined (non-articulated). Pubescent members of the newly recircumscribed tribe -Hyperaspidini +Hyperaspidini (see “Remarks,” below) differ from -Diomini +Diomini in possessing an antenna with a fusiform club ( Figs. 2a,b ) bearing a proliferation of setae in a membranous area on the inner (medially facing) surface of the terminal antennomere and smaller membranous area on the inner distal margin of the penultimate antennomere (antennae directed anteriorly); terminal maxillary palpomere in repose ( @@ -182,19 +187,21 @@ in possessing an antenna with a fusiform club ( , left side of image) with inner edge contiguous with or partially inserted beneath anterolateral lobe of large cordate mentum, with oblique sensory surface facing dorsally and pressed against ventral surface of head, and tarsi cryptotetramerous ( Fig. 2c ). Also in -Hyperaspidini +Hyperaspidini the abdominal postcoxal line ( Fig. 2d ) does not reach the posterior margin of the ventrite and/or the outer end is recurved and directed toward or attains the anterior margin of the ventrite (see corresponding character states for -Diomini +Diomini ( Fig. 1 -) listed in the paragraph above this one). Members of the subtribe Selvadiina ( -Hyperaspidini +) listed in the paragraph above this one). Members of the subtribe +Selvadiina +( +Hyperaspidini ) can further be distinguished from -Diomini +Diomini based on the extremely elongate and convoluted cornu of the female spermathecal capsule ( -Figs. 3–4 +Figs. 3–4 ). @@ -203,11 +210,11 @@ based on the extremely elongate and convoluted cornu of the female spermathecal Remarks. Ślipiński (2007) diagnoses the -Diomini +Diomini as lacking interfacetal setae, an ocular canthus, and stylus of the coxites (=female genital plates or hemisternites) ( Table 2 ). Our own random sampling of -Diomini +Diomini exemplars in the USNM suggests that these structures are normally present, but at times difficult to see or lost through abrasion. Published digital images of Australian species also document the presence of these structures, at least in some species (e.g. Ślipiński 2007 :figs. 298 & 309; @@ -217,19 +224,19 @@ exemplars in the USNM suggests that these structures are normally present, but a :fig. 17b, showing frontal view of specimen with eyes bearing canthi and interfacetal setae). Other character states involving the number of antennomeres in the club and the presence or absence of an infundibulum in the female genitalia are difficult to assess because no consistent method for delineating the club has been presented, and the term “infundibulum” has not been well defined nor treated consistently by various authors. When Ślipiński (2007) indicated that certain genera “probably do not belong in -Diomini +Diomini ” we assume from his later remarks that he intended to name the two taxa related to -Selvadius +Selvadius — -Erratodiomus +Erratodiomus and - + Magnodiomus —but instead mentioned - + Erratodiomus and @@ -241,57 +248,53 @@ and Gordon (1985) originally misinterpreted the unusual convoluted cornu of the spermathecal capsule in - + Selvadius ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 ) as a continuation of the spermduct, and assumed that the spermatheca was lacking. He correctly interpreted the homologous structures in - + Magnodiomus and - + Erratodiomus ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ) ( Gordon 1999 ) but failed to consider their placement in -Selvadiini +Selvadiini , possibly due to his original misinterpretation. Gordon placed his new tribe -Selvadiini +Selvadiini in the subfamily -Scymninae +Scymninae , but discussed similarities between - + Selvadius -and certain hyperaspidines, even referring to them as -Hyperaspidinae -in his tribal diagnosis. +and certain hyperaspidines, even referring to them as Hyperaspidinae in his tribal diagnosis. Vandenberg (2002) indicated that -Selvadiini -would be better placed in the -Hyperaspidinae -along with -Hyperaspidini +Selvadiini +would be better placed in the Hyperaspidinae along with +Hyperaspidini and -Brachiacanthini +Brachiacanthini . These similarities had been previously noted by Whitehead (1967) who suggested that - + Selvadius may bear a closer affiliation to - + Hyperaspidius than to - + Scymnus . @@ -300,27 +303,27 @@ than to In addition, Vandenberg and Perez-Gelabert (2007) noted that two South American genera, - + Mimoscymnus and - + Planorbata , originally placed in -Coccidulini (Coccidulinae) -( + +Coccidulini (Coccidulinae) ( Gordon 1994 -), also belong in -Hyperaspidinae -. +) + +, also belong in Hyperaspidinae. Ślipiński (2007) concurred about the improper placement of - + Planorbata but referred to it as “a ‘Scymninae’ genus,” possibly using the latter subfamily in the broad sense of Sasaji, which would have included - + Hyperaspis and allied genera. @@ -329,12 +332,10 @@ Seago et al. (2011) -reduced -Hyperaspidinae -to tribal level and placed -Brachiacanthini +reduced Hyperaspidinae to tribal level and placed +Brachiacanthini as a synonym of -Hyperaspidini +Hyperaspidini . This action was followed by Gordon @@ -354,33 +355,41 @@ Seago (2011) and various other modern authors in treating the -Hyperaspidini -at tribal level, but recognize four distinct subtribes: Hyperaspidina, Brachiacanthina, Selvadiina stat. nov. (for - +Hyperaspidini +at tribal level, but recognize four distinct subtribes: Hyperaspidina, Brachiacanthina, +Selvadiina +stat. nov. +(for + Selvadius , Magnodiomu s and - + Erratodiomus -) and Mimoscymnina subtribe nov. (for - +) and +Mimoscymnina +subtribe nov. +(for + Mimoscymnus and - + Planorbata ; type genus= - + Mimoscymnus -), as distinct lineages each defined by one or more autapomorphies of the male and female genitalia. The placement of the Selvadiina in -Hyperaspidini +), as distinct lineages each defined by one or more autapomorphies of the male and female genitalia. The placement of the +Selvadiina +in +Hyperaspidini is supported by the molecular phylogenies of Seago @@ -394,33 +403,40 @@ Robertson (2015) who show - + Selvadius as clustering more closely with - + Brachiacantha and - + Hyperaspis than with -Diomus. -The placement of Mimoscymnina in -Hyperaspidini + +Diomus +. + +The placement of +Mimoscymnina +in +Hyperaspidini is provisional, and based only on external morphological characters ( Fig. 2 ) as there has not yet been a molecular study involving either - + Mimoscymnus or - + Planorbata -. Members of Mimoscymnina can be readily distinguished from other members of -Hyperaspidini +. Members of +Mimoscymnina +can be readily distinguished from other members of +Hyperaspidini by the elongate triangulate coxites of the female genitalia, and the male genitalia with the trabes much longer than the basal lobe and basal piece combined. diff --git a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFCA0B23FF4BFB7E6E8CBAAA.xml b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFCA0B23FF4BFB7E6E8CBAAA.xml index 3d690f03c18..ab29837bb65 100644 --- a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFCA0B23FF4BFB7E6E8CBAAA.xml +++ b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFCA0B23FF4BFB7E6E8CBAAA.xml @@ -1,55 +1,55 @@ - - - -Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) + + + +Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) - - -Author + + +Author -Vandenberg, Natalia J. +Vandenberg, Natalia J. - - -Author + + +Author -Hanson, Paul E. +Hanson, Paul E. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2019 - -2019-02-08 + +2019 + +2019-02-08 - -4554 + +4554 - -1 + +1 - -255 -285 + +255 +285 -journal article -27575 -10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 -ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 -1175-5326 -2623565 -A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 +journal article +27575 +10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 +ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 +1175-5326 +2623565 +A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 - + Heterodiomus Brèthes, 1925 @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ - + Heterodiomus Brèthes 1925 @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ This genus was described but not diagnosed by ; Gordon & González 2003 ) are distinguished from other members of the New World -Diomini +Diomini by the combination of: antennae composed of 11 antennomeres, prosternum shaped like a short stemmed T, long anterior to coxal cavities (subequal to length of cavity), intercoxal process with carinae short, not extending to anterior margin, and suture between abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 partially obliterated. Members of Heterodiomus @@ -99,11 +99,11 @@ by the combination of: antennae composed of 11 antennomeres, prosternum shaped l are strongly united by the shape of the female genitalia which have a bulbous base to the spermatheca and distally tapered sclerotized sheath in the basal half of the sperm duct (= “thorn-like infundibulum” sens. Gordon 1999 ). Although this combination of genital characteristics does not occur in the other -Diomini +Diomini illustrated in Gordon (1999) , the corresponding structures in most species have not yet been evaluated, and a very similar configuration ( -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 ) is found in the new genus described herein. diff --git a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFCB0B22FF4BFBC06D38B9DC.xml b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFCB0B22FF4BFBC06D38B9DC.xml index b158f21b568..e71cc142360 100644 --- a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFCB0B22FF4BFBC06D38B9DC.xml +++ b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFCB0B22FF4BFBC06D38B9DC.xml @@ -1,55 +1,55 @@ - - - -Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) + + + +Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) - - -Author + + +Author -Vandenberg, Natalia J. +Vandenberg, Natalia J. - - -Author + + +Author -Hanson, Paul E. +Hanson, Paul E. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2019 - -2019-02-08 + +2019 + +2019-02-08 - -4554 + +4554 - -1 + +1 - -255 -285 + +255 +285 -journal article -27575 -10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 -ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 -1175-5326 -2623565 -A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 +journal article +27575 +10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 +ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 +1175-5326 +2623565 +A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 - + Andrzej Ślipiński, 2007 @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ - + Andrzej Ślipiński 2007 @@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ . Type species: - + Andrzej antennatus Ślipiński, 2007 @@ -91,22 +91,22 @@ This monotypic genus is based on a single male specimen that has 11 antennomeres In a more recent work by Pang and Ślipiński (2009) , another species, - + Diomus sedani (Blackburn,1889) , is diagnosed with similar proportions to the terminal antennomere, although less enlarged overall than that of - + A. antennatus . Unfortunately, the latter species is known from females only, so characteristics of the male genitalia diagnosed for - + Andrzej cannot be compared with it. Ślipiński (2007) indicates that the antennal club of - + A. antennatus consists of a single antennomere; however, we observed that the antennomeres gradually increase in width beginning with antennomere 9, and therefore consider that the last 3 antennomeres together constitute the club. diff --git a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFCB0B22FF4BFCE66850BFC1.xml b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFCB0B22FF4BFCE66850BFC1.xml index 3141ebdcf2d..29fce7d0cda 100644 --- a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFCB0B22FF4BFCE66850BFC1.xml +++ b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFCB0B22FF4BFCE66850BFC1.xml @@ -1,55 +1,55 @@ - - - -Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) + + + +Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) - - -Author + + +Author -Vandenberg, Natalia J. +Vandenberg, Natalia J. - - -Author + + +Author -Hanson, Paul E. +Hanson, Paul E. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2019 - -2019-02-08 + +2019 + +2019-02-08 - -4554 + +4554 - -1 + +1 - -255 -285 + +255 +285 -journal article -27575 -10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 -ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 -1175-5326 -2623565 -A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 +journal article +27575 +10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 +ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 +1175-5326 +2623565 +A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 - + Dichaina Weise, 1923 @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ - + Dichaina Weise 1923 @@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ . Type species: - + Dichaina inornata Weise, 1923 @@ -83,7 +83,9 @@ species: Diagnosis. This monotypic genus is very similar to + Diomus + , but can be easily distinguished by the sharp submarginal carinae separating the anterolateral pronotal angles from the disc. diff --git a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFCB0B3AFF4BF9BD68D5BE1B.xml b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFCB0B3AFF4BF9BD68D5BE1B.xml index d69cd47d2f7..ec01cebd04d 100644 --- a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFCB0B3AFF4BF9BD68D5BE1B.xml +++ b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFCB0B3AFF4BF9BD68D5BE1B.xml @@ -1,56 +1,56 @@ - - - -Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) + + + +Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) - - -Author + + +Author -Vandenberg, Natalia J. +Vandenberg, Natalia J. - - -Author + + +Author -Hanson, Paul E. +Hanson, Paul E. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2019 - -2019-02-08 + +2019 + +2019-02-08 - -4554 + +4554 - -1 + +1 - -255 -285 + +255 +285 -journal article -27575 -10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 -ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 -1175-5326 -2623565 -A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 +journal article +27575 +10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 +ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 +1175-5326 +2623565 +A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 - + Moiradiomus gen. nov. @@ -61,19 +61,19 @@ ( -Figs. 6, 8, 10 +Figs. 6, 8, 10 , -13–20 +13–20 , -23 +23 , -25–42 +25–42 ) Type species: - + Moiradiomus clotho sp. nov. @@ -83,62 +83,67 @@ species: Diagnosis. Distinguished from other members of the tribe -Diomini +Diomini by the combination of morphological, anatomical, and behavioral traits: antenna consistently comprised of 10 antennomeres, distal antennomere not greatly enlarged or elongated relative to penultimate, pronotal anterolateral angles lacking submarginal carinae ( -Figs. 13–20 +Figs. 13–20 ), prosternum ( -Figs. 25–28 +Figs. 25–28 ) shaped like a short stemmed Y, short anterior to coxal cavities, about ½ diameter of cavity, with carinae of intercoxal process extending to anterior margin, male genitalia ( -Figs. 29–32 +Figs. 29–32 ) with basal lobe (=penis guide) asymmetrical ( -Figs. 29b, 30b, 31b, 32b +Figs. 29b, 30b, 31b, 32b ), penis (=siphonal) capsule ( -Fig. 10 +Fig. 10 ) well developed, with inner and outer arms broadly joined into single wedge-shaped structure with sinuous distal margin, capsule enclosing ejaculatory duct prior to its entry into the main penis tube, penis apex lacking flagellum ( -Figs. 8 +Figs. 8 , -29c, 30c, 31c, 32c +29c, 30c, 31c, 32c ), larva silk spinning, adult and larva phytophagous, parasitic on plants in the genus - + Piper , inducing and feeding on - + Piper food bodies. The reduced number of antennomeres (10 as opposed to 11) will distinguished the new genus from all other -Diomini +Diomini except - + Decadiomus and a few species or individuals presently classified in + Diomus + . From these latter two genera, - + Moiradiomus can be distinguished by the highly consistent configuration of the penis of the male genitalia (as described above), and by the unusual life history and trophic relations shared by its members. Thus far the known - + Moiradiomus +species -species all have a similar elytral color pattern ( -Figs. 13–20 +all have a similar elytral color pattern ( +Figs. 13–20 ) consisting of a medium to dark brown background with apex suffusely lightened or bearing a distinct band of pale yellow. The elytral color patterns in - + Decadiomus are more variable, with either a dark or light background and often with contrasting maculae. The tarsal claw is sexually dimorphic in the known species - + Moiradiomus , but this characteristic occurs in some + Diomus + and - + Decadiomus as well. @@ -148,22 +153,22 @@ as well. Description. Form ( -Figs. 13–20 +Figs. 13–20 ) broadly oval to elongate, length 1.1–2.0 mm, weakly to moderately convex, pubescent. Color pattern simple, unsaturated; predominantly brown with yellow; female pronotum generally darker than in male. Head transverse; eyes finely facetted, well separated dorsally, bearing interfacetal setae, with interocular distance greater than eye width in frontal view, weakly emarginated near antennal insertions by small rounded eye canthus; antenna short, approximately ½ head width, clavate, composed of 10 antennomeres with last 4 or 5 forming irregular club; scape normal; pedicel bead like, slightly narrower than scape; antennomere 3 elongate, longer than 4, with distal antennomere subequal to or only slightly longer than penultimate. Mandible ( -Fig. 23 +Fig. 23 ) with bifid apex, with about 40 minute blunt teeth on incisor blade; molar part with curved tooth near top (=basal tooth sens. Ślipiński 2007 ). Maxillary palp with 4 palpomeres; terminal palpomere moderately to strongly expanded distally. Labial palp with 3 palpomeres. Pronotum transverse, evenly convex, base with raised border; pronotal anterolateral angle lacking submarginal carina. Elytron with raised lateral ridge; epipleuron narrow, oblique, not excavated to receive femoral apices, not reaching elytral apex. Prosternum ( -Figs. 25–28 +Figs. 25–28 ) shaped like short stemmed Y, short anterior to coxal cavities, about ½ diameter of cavity, with carinae of intercoxal process extending to anterior margin or nearly so. Mesoventrite with raised anterior border, with anterior face excavated to receive apex of prosternal intercoxal process. Tibial spurs lacking; tarsal claw sexually dimorphic in species thus far known, with short triangular tooth in female, longer scythe-like tooth in male. Abdomen with 6 ventrites in both sexes; abdominal postcoxal line curving posterolaterally, merging with posterior margin of ventrite. Male genitalia ( -Figs. 29–32 +Figs. 29–32 ) with outer margin of paramere densely setiferous; setae long, slender, flexible; basal lobe (=penis guide) asymmetrical, penis capsule ( -Fig. 10 +Fig. 10 ) well developed, with inner and outer arms broadly joined into single wedge-shaped structure with sinuous distal margin, capsule enclosing ejaculatory duct prior to its entry into main penis tube; penis apex lacking flagellum. Female genitalia ( -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 ) with spermathecal capsule fully developed, bent in basal 1/2 with bulbous base; sperm duct moderately long with sclerotized distally tapered sheath enclosing basal 1/2. @@ -171,40 +176,41 @@ Pronotum transverse, evenly convex, base with raised border; pronotal anterolate Larva, final (4 th ) instar ( -Figs. 33–39 +Figs. 33–39 , based on - + M. lachesis ). Body off white, pruinose, soft-bodied, subovate, weakly convex dorsally, setiferous. Setae ( -Fig. 37 +Fig. 37 ) minutely barbed, of variable form, some flattened, scale-like, falcate, spatulate, clavate or frayed. Head tapered anteriorly, bearing three stemmata on each side behind antenna; frontal arms of epicranial suture indistinct; epicranial stem absent; mandible ( -Fig. 36 +Fig. 36 ) falciform, with unidentate apex, shallow incisor groove, triangular plate-like angulation near middle of incisor edge, with simple rectangular molar region. Antenna ( -Fig. 35 +Fig. 35 ) 3-segmented, short; scape annular; pedicle narrower, nearly as long as wide, bearing conical sensorium, pair of preapical setae present; flagellum with long apical seta. Mala small, apically rounded. Maxilla ( -Fig. 34 +Fig. 34 ) with two conspicuous long setae on fused cardo/stipes; maxillary palp 2-segmented; maxillary palpifer incompletely annular. Labial palp 2-segmented; palpifer unsclerotized, indistinct. Fused submentum/mentum with several long conspicuous setae. Leg well developed, visible in dorsal view; tibiotarsus ( -Fig. 38 +Fig. 38 ) with cluster of capitate setae near apex; tarsungulus ( -Fig. 39 +Fig. 39 ) with broad base, pointed apex, bearing single short simple seta at base of concave inner side. Paired dorsal abdominal glands not evident, possibly vestigial or absent. Trophic relations. Larvae develop on food bodies of - + Piper +species. -species. Although the four species described below are all from +Although the four species described below are all from Costa Rica , the distinctive larval tents have been observed on leaves of - + Piper as far north as San Martin Tuxtla, @@ -222,263 +228,286 @@ as far north as San Martin Tuxtla, FIGURES 1–2. Diagrammatic representation of major diagnostic features of -Diomini +Diomini and -Hyperaspidini +Hyperaspidini : 1, -Diomini +Diomini : a, ventral view of head capsule showing position of maxillary palp when retracted; b, left antennal club from dorsal view when extended; c, apex of mesothoracic leg showing trimerous tarsus; d, left half of first abdominal ventrite showing configuration of postcoxal line. 2, -Hyperaspidini +Hyperaspidini : a, ventral view of head capsule showing position of maxillary palp when retracted (left side of image) or extended (right side of image); b, left antennal club from dorsal view when extended (left image), same rotated 90 degrees counter clockwise to show membranous sensory patches of last two antennomeres (right image); c, apex of mesothoracic leg showing cryptotetramerous tarsus; d, left half of first abdominal ventrite showing various configurations of the postcoxal line. - + FIGURES 3–12. Genitalia of -Diomini -and Selvadiina ( -Hyperaspidini +Diomini +and +Selvadiina +( +Hyperaspidini ): 3–6, female genitalia, dorsal view (spermatheca shaded gray): 3, - + Selvadius nunenmacheri Gordon 1970 ( -Hyperaspidini -: Selvadiina), showing distal end of sperm duct and spermatheca, accessory gland not shown (after Gordon 1985); 4, - +Hyperaspidini +: +Selvadiina +), showing distal end of sperm duct and spermatheca, accessory gland not shown (after Gordon 1985); 4, + Erratodiomus brindisi Gordon 1999 ( -Hyperaspidini -: Selvadiina), bursa through spermatheca, accessory gland not shown (after Gordon 1999); 5, - +Hyperaspidini +: +Selvadiina +), bursa through spermatheca, accessory gland not shown (after Gordon 1999); 5, + Decadiomus hughesi -Gordon & Hilburn 1990 (Diomini) +Gordon & Hilburn 1990 -, bursa through spermatheca (note long convoluted sperm duct); 6, - +( +Diomini +), bursa through spermatheca (note long convoluted sperm duct); 6, + M . lachesis -(Diomini) ( +Diomini +) ( A.g. = accessory gland); 7–12, male genitalia of -Diomini +Diomini , left lateral view of penis: 7, - + D. hughesi ; 8, - + M. lachesis ; 9, - + Diomus donatus Gordon (capsule); 10, - + M. lachesis (capsule); 11, - + Decadiomus bigemmeus (capsule); 12, - + Decadiomus liebecki (capsule) - + FIGURES 13–16. - + Moiradiomus +species -species habitus illustrations. 13, - +habitus illustrations. 13, + M. clotho : holotype, male; 14, - + M. clotho : paratype, female. 15, - + M. lachesis : holotype, male; 16, - + M. lachesis : paratype, female. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. - + FIGURES 17–20. - + Moiradiomus +species -species habitus illustrations. 17, - +habitus illustrations. 17, + M. atropos : holotype, male; 18, - + M. atropos : paratype, female. 19, - + M. nanita : holotype, male; 20, - + M. nanita : paratype, female. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. - + FIGURES 21–24. Dorsal view of right mandible: 21, - + Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata (L.) (folivorous) (after Kovář 1996); 22, - + Bulaea +sp. -sp. (omnivorous with emphasis on pollinivory/phytophagy); 23, - +(omnivorous with emphasis on pollinivory/phytophagy); 23, + Moiradiomus lachesis (enlarged detail of apical portion of incisor blade shown to left of main structure) (specialized on - + Piper food bodies); 24, - + Adalia bipunctata (entomophagous with emphasis on aphids) (after Kovář 1996). - + FIGURES 25–28. Diagrammatic ventral view of - + Moiradiomus prosterna (setae, color patterns, and surface punctation not indicated): 25, - + M. clotho ; 26, - + M . lachesis ; 27, - + M. atopos ; 28, -M. nanita +M. nanita . - + FIGURES 29–32. Male genitalia of - + Moiradiomus +species -species (a, left lateral view of phallobase; b, ventral view of phallobase; c, left lateral view of penis; d, apex of basal lobe, enlarged): 29, - +(a, left lateral view of phallobase; b, ventral view of phallobase; c, left lateral view of penis; d, apex of basal lobe, enlarged): 29, + M. clotho ; 30, - + M. lachesis ; 31, - + M. atopos ; 32, -M. nanita +M. nanita . Etymology. - + Moiradiomus (gender Masculine) formed from a combination of Moira (=fate) + + Diomus -(a genus of lady beetle, possibly in reference to Greek mythology where Diomus was an Athenian hero, son of Colyttus, and a companion of Heracles). Moira is an Ancient Greek word (µoῖρα) meaning a portion or lot of the whole. In Greek mythology the Moirae are the three fates, daughters of Zeus and Themis, who spin, measure, and cut the thread of life. + +(a genus of lady beetle, possibly in reference to Greek mythology where +Diomus +was an Athenian hero, son of Colyttus, and a companion of Heracles). Moira is an Ancient Greek word (µoῖρα) meaning a portion or lot of the whole. In Greek mythology the Moirae are the three fates, daughters of Zeus and Themis, who spin, measure, and cut the thread of life. Remarks. The relationships between the new genus and other genera of -Diomini +Diomini (sens. nov.) remains a mystery. Adult members of - + Moiradiomus key to - + Decadiomus + in Gordon (1999) - because the antenna is composed of 10 antennomeres. However, individuals with only 10 antennomeres were also noted to randomly occur in certain Australian + Diomus -species ( +species + +( Pang & Ślipiński 2009 ). The female genitalia of - + Moiradiomus are quite different from members of - + Decadiomus and instead match those of - + Heterodiomus +spp. -spp. ( +( Gordon 1999 ; Gordon & González 2003 ). The larva of the new genus differs greatly from the unusual onisciform larva of two myrmecophilous species, - + Diomus thoracicus ( type species of + Diomus + ) and - + Diomus lupusapudoves Vandenberg @@ -489,7 +518,7 @@ Vandenberg , but is similar to the setiferous, spindle-shaped forms found in - + Diomus terminatus (Say, 1835) @@ -506,7 +535,7 @@ Akbar . 2009 ) and - + D. roseicollis (Mulsant, 1853) ( @@ -517,21 +546,22 @@ Rees ) , as well as - + Decadiomus pictus Chapin, 1933 + ( Böving 1933 -) - -. - +). + Moiradiomus larvae also appear to lack the dorsal intersegmental glands reported in + Diomus + and - + Decadiomus larvae ( @@ -553,7 +583,7 @@ Seago . (2011) as an important step in the transition to feeding on ant-protected prey. Presumably they have been rendered obsolete by the enclosed environment provided by the woven larval tent of - + Moiradiomus . diff --git a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD00B3EFF4BFD886E60BEA0.xml b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD00B3EFF4BFD886E60BEA0.xml index 02e4b15d588..5e8008fa73e 100644 --- a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD00B3EFF4BFD886E60BEA0.xml +++ b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD00B3EFF4BFD886E60BEA0.xml @@ -1,56 +1,56 @@ - - - -Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) + + + +Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) - - -Author + + +Author -Vandenberg, Natalia J. +Vandenberg, Natalia J. - - -Author + + +Author -Hanson, Paul E. +Hanson, Paul E. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2019 - -2019-02-08 + +2019 + +2019-02-08 - -4554 + +4554 - -1 + +1 - -255 -285 + +255 +285 -journal article -27575 -10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 -ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 -1175-5326 -2623565 -A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 +journal article +27575 +10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 +ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 +1175-5326 +2623565 +A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 - + Moiradiomus lachesis sp. nov. @@ -61,13 +61,13 @@ ( -Figs. 15, 16 +Figs. 15, 16 , -26 +26 , -30 +30 , -40 +40 ) @@ -75,17 +75,17 @@ Diagnosis. This species is readily distinguished from its congeners by the male genitalia ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 ) which are most similar to those of - + M. atropos except the basal lobe is nearly flat in lateral view with apex weakly sinuous and parameres apically rounded. In addition, the adult head is smaller relative to the pronotum ( -Fig. 15, 16 +Fig. 15, 16 ) than in the other known species. The prosternal carinae ( -Fig. 26 +Fig. 26 ) are more strongly convergent, framing a subtriangular depression with attenuate, narrowly rounded apex. It is also distinguished by its larval host plant: - + P. lanosibracteum Trelease, 1929 @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ Trelease, 1929 Description of holotype (male) ( -Fig. 15 +Fig. 15 ). Length @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ Length , width 1.1 mm . Form elongate, oval, weakly convex. Metathoracic wing present. Dorsal surfaces feebly shining, distinctly punctate, pubescent with fimbriate borders. Head, pronotum, appendages including mouthparts, straw yellow, with meso- metacoxae slightly darkened; pronotum with indistinct darker dapples in median area near base; elytron medium brown with apex narrowly yellow; scutellar shield paler yellow brown with margins narrowly darkened; elytral epipleuron yellow brown; pubescence shiny, off white. Venter predominantly brown, darkest on meso-, metaventrite; prosternum pale yellow; mesepimeron, mesepisternum paler than surrounding sclerites with margins narrowly darkened; abdominal ventrite 3 pale yellow brown, ventrites 4–6 yellow; tarsal claw, mandibular apex dark reddish amber. Dorsal punctation moderately coarse; punctures separated by approximately 1× diameter, on elytron equal in width to eye facet, finer on head, pronotum. Dorsal pubescence semi erect, moderately dense, evenly distributed, lacking distinct setal pattern; individual setae equal to about 2/3 to 1× length of scutellar shield, arcuate; elytral setae mostly directed posteriorly except directed outwardly at sides of body, posterolaterally near suture. Head moderate sized, 0.62× width of pronotum; eye large, finely facetted, with interfacetal setae, weakly notched near antennal insertion by small rounded ocular canthus; inner orbits arcuate, strongly diverging toward vertex, weakly diverging toward clypeus, with minimum separation at slightly below midlength; interocular distance 1.6× width of eye in frontal view. Antenna composed of 10 antennomeres; antennomere 3 elongate, about 2.0× length of antennomere 4; last 4 antennomeres forming gradual club expanding apically from antennomere 7–9; antennomere 10 subrhomboidal, slightly narrower, slightly longer than 9. Maxillary palp with terminal palpomere short, strongly expanded distally; with oblique apex. Pronotum transverse, width 2.4× length, weakly, evenly convex. Elytron in dorsal view with lateral margin weakly arcuate; elytral apices dehiscent. Ventral surfaces pubescent, distinctly punctate, except glabrous, impunctate in posterior 4/5ths of metacoxal plate; punctation coarser, denser on abdomen. Prosternum ( -Fig. 26 +Fig. 26 ) with carinae of intercoxal process extending nearly to apex, strongly convergent, framing subtriangular depression with attenuate, narrowly rounded apex. Suture between abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 distinct, linear; 5 th , 6 @@ -118,56 +118,57 @@ or beyond Male genitalia ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 ). Basal lobe ( -Fig. 30b +Fig. 30b ) in ventral view weakly, evenly tapered toward oblique apex, with small thorn-like process at distal most point, distinctly shorter than paramere; in lateral view ( -Fig. 30a +Fig. 30a ) weakly sinuous, with apex curving upwards; paramere elongate, gradually expanded, apically rounded, about 3.0× as long as wide, distinctly longer than longest setae. Penis ( -Fig. 30c +Fig. 30c ) lacking apical flagellum, slender with wedge-shaped capsule. - + FIGURES 33–39. Fourth instar larva of - + Moiradiomus lachesis : 33, dorsal habitus view, scale bar = 0.5 mm; 34, ventral view of mouthparts, enlarged; 35, right antenna, enlarged; 36, dorsal view of right mandible, enlarged; 37, diverse dorsal setae, enlarged; 38, tibiotarsus showing distribution of clavate setae, enlarged; 39, apex of tibiotarsus (setae removed) showing shape of tarsal claw, enlarged. - + FIGURES 40–42. Tents of - + Moiradiomus +spp. -spp.: 40, - +: 40, + M. lachesis on - + Piper lanosibracteum ; 41, - + M. nanita on - + P. reticulatum ; 42, - + M. atropos on - + P. friedrichsthalii . @@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ on Female ( -Fig. 16 +Fig. 16 ). Similar to male except less elongate, slightly smaller on average, moderately convex; brown areas darker brown, more extensive than in male; scutellar shield same color as elytron; elytral epipleuron dark brown, pronotum dark brown with anterior, anterolateral margins diffusely lighter, yellowish; prosternum, mesepimeron, mesepisternum medium brown. 5 @@ -192,11 +193,11 @@ Length 1.5–2.0 mm. Individuals vary slightly in the extent and degree of dark Trophic relations. Larvae develop on food bodies of - + P. lanosibracteum ( -Fig. 40 +Fig. 40 ). @@ -227,12 +228,13 @@ Larvae develop on food bodies of , P. Hanson / ex. - + Piper lanosibracteum - ” ( USNM -) and +) + +and 5 paratypes ( 2 males diff --git a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD30B39FF4BFD7C6E5BBE39.xml b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD30B39FF4BFD7C6E5BBE39.xml index c415e965710..e8a2e6904e8 100644 --- a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD30B39FF4BFD7C6E5BBE39.xml +++ b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD30B39FF4BFD7C6E5BBE39.xml @@ -1,56 +1,56 @@ - - - -Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) + + + +Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) - - -Author + + +Author -Vandenberg, Natalia J. +Vandenberg, Natalia J. - - -Author + + +Author -Hanson, Paul E. +Hanson, Paul E. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2019 - -2019-02-08 + +2019 + +2019-02-08 - -4554 + +4554 - -1 + +1 - -255 -285 + +255 +285 -journal article -27575 -10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 -ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 -1175-5326 -2623565 -A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 +journal article +27575 +10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 +ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 +1175-5326 +2623565 +A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 - + Moiradiomus clotho sp. nov. @@ -61,11 +61,11 @@ ( -Figs. 13, 14 +Figs. 13, 14 , -25 +25 , -29 +29 ) @@ -73,17 +73,17 @@ Diagnosis. Most readily distinguished from its congeners by the male genitalia ( -Fig. 29 +Fig. 29 ) with basal lobe terminating in a hook-shaped process ( -Fig. 29d +Fig. 29d ) resembling a vulture’s head, and parameres relatively slender, weakly expanded distally, with longest setae subequal in length to paramere. The adult can be distinguished by the elongated terminal maxillary palpomere ( -Fig. 13, 14 +Fig. 13, 14 ). It differs from - + M. lachesis in possessing a larger head and eyes, and narrower frons. It is also distinguished by its larval host plant: - + P. holdridgeianum W. C. Burger, 1971 @@ -96,13 +96,13 @@ W. C. Burger, 1971 Description of holotype (male) ( -Fig. 13 +Fig. 13 ). Length 1.9 mm , width 1.0 mm. Form elongate, oval, weakly convex. Metathoracic wing present. Dorsal surfaces feebly shining, distinctly punctate, pubescent with fimbriate borders. Head, pronotum, appendages including mouthparts, straw yellow, with meso- metacoxae slightly darkened; head slightly darker and oranger than pronotum; scutellar shield medium brown; elytron medium brown with apex narrowly yellow, epipleuron yellow brown; pubescence shiny, off white. Venter predominantly brown, darkest on meso-, metaventrite; prosternum pale yellow; mesepimeron paler than surrounding sclerites with margins narrowly darkened; abdomen pale brown, lighter, yellower toward apex; tarsal claw, mandibular apex dark reddish amber. Dorsal punctation moderately coarse; punctures separated by approximately 1× diameter, on elytron equal in width to eye facet, finer on head, pronotum. Dorsal pubescence semi erect, moderately dense, evenly distributed, lacking distinct setal pattern; individual setae equal to about 2/3 to 1× length of scutellar shield, arcuate; elytral setae mostly directed posteriorly except directed outwardly at sides of body, posterolaterally near suture. Head large, 0.70× width of pronotum; eye large, finely facetted, with interfacetal setae, weakly notched near antennal insertion by small rounded ocular canthus; inner orbits arcuate, strongly diverging toward vertex, weakly diverging toward clypeus, with minimum separation at slightly below midlength; interocular distance 1.5× width of eye in frontal view. Antenna composed of 10 antennomeres; antennomere 3 elongate, about 2.3× length of antennomere 4; last 4 antennomeres forming gradual club expanding apically from antennomere 7–9; antennomere 10 subrhomboidal, slightly narrower, slightly longer than 9. Maxillary palp with terminal palpomere elongate, moderately expanded distally; with oblique apex. Pronotum transverse, width 2.0× length, weakly, evenly convex. Elytron in dorsal view with lateral margin weakly arcuate; elytral apices dehiscent. Ventral surfaces pubescent, distinctly punctate, except glabrous, impunctate in posterior 4/5ths of metacoxal plate; punctation coarser, denser on abdomen. Prosternum ( -Fig. 25 +Fig. 25 ) with carinae of intercoxal process extending nearly to apex, weakly convergent, framing subtriangular depression with broadly rounded apex. Suture between abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 distinct, linear; 5 th , 6 @@ -114,23 +114,23 @@ or beyond. Male genitalia ( -Fig. 29 +Fig. 29 ). Basal lobe in ventral view ( -Fig. 29b +Fig. 29b ) subparallel in basal half, strongly tapered toward apex in distal half, terminating in small hook-shaped swelling resembling vulture's head ( -Fig. 29d +Fig. 29d ), distinctly shorter than paramere; in lateral view weakly sinuous ( -Fig. 29a +Fig. 29a ), with apex nearly flat; paramere elongate, gradually expanded, apically rounded, about 3.0× as long as wide, subequal in length to longest setae. Penis ( -Fig. 29c +Fig. 29c ) lacking apical flagellum, slender with wedge-shaped capsule. Female ( -Fig. 14 +Fig. 14 ). Similar to male except slightly smaller on average with more extensive brown pigmentation; base of head orange brown; pronotum brown with anterolateral margins yellowish; posterolateral angle of hypomeron, submentum medium brown; prosternum dark brown. 5 @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ Length 1.5–2.0 mm. Individuals vary slightly in the extent and intensity of da Trophic relations. Larvae develop on food bodies of -P. holdridgeianum +P. holdridgeianum . @@ -182,12 +182,13 @@ Clotho, proper noun in apposition, Classical Latin from Greek κλΏΘΩ , P. Hanson / ex. - + Piper holdridgeiana - ” ( USNM -) and +) + +and 5 paratypes ( 2 males diff --git a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD40B3CFF4BFD076D5FBED4.xml b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD40B3CFF4BFD076D5FBED4.xml index 851513ad94d..7ca21311b88 100644 --- a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD40B3CFF4BFD076D5FBED4.xml +++ b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD40B3CFF4BFD076D5FBED4.xml @@ -1,56 +1,56 @@ - - - -Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) + + + +Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) - - -Author + + +Author -Vandenberg, Natalia J. +Vandenberg, Natalia J. - - -Author + + +Author -Hanson, Paul E. +Hanson, Paul E. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2019 - -2019-02-08 + +2019 + +2019-02-08 - -4554 + +4554 - -1 + +1 - -255 -285 + +255 +285 -journal article -27575 -10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 -ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 -1175-5326 -2623565 -A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 +journal article +27575 +10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 +ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 +1175-5326 +2623565 +A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 - + Moiradiomus nanita sp. nov. @@ -61,13 +61,13 @@ ( -Figs. 19, 20 +Figs. 19, 20 , -28 +28 , -32 +32 , -41 +41 ) @@ -75,13 +75,13 @@ Diagnosis. This species is readily distinguished from its congeners by the male genitalia ( -Fig. 32 +Fig. 32 ) with its short, broad paramere (length only 2× width), basal lobe in ventral view strongly tapered toward apex with rounded apical knob, and penis tube with slight angulation and irregular swelling near distal ½. In addition, the adult form ( -Figs. 19, 20 +Figs. 19, 20 ) is smaller and relatively shorter than in the other species, and the prosternal carinae ( -Fig. 28 +Fig. 28 ) are nearly parallel, framing a subtrapezoidal depression. It is also distinguished by its larval host plant: - + P. reticulatum L., 1753. @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ L., 1753. Description of holotype (male) ( -Fig. 19 +Fig. 19 ). Length @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Length , width 0.9 mm . Form shortened, oval weakly convex. Metathoracic wing present. Dorsal surfaces feebly shining, distinctly punctate, pubescent with fimbriate borders. Head, pronotum, appendages including mouthparts, straw yellow, with meso- metacoxae slightly darkened; base of pronotum in front of scutellar shield with light brown smudge; scutellar shield light brown; elytron light brown with apex narrowly yellow brown, epipleuron yellow brown, nearly transparent; pubescence shiny, off white. Venter predominantly light brown; prosternum pale yellow; mesepimeron, mesepisternum paler than surrounding sclerites except posterior margin of mesepimeron narrowly darkened; abdomen light brown, lighter, yellower toward apex; tarsal claw, mandibular apex dark reddish amber. Dorsal punctation moderately coarse; punctures separated by approximately 1× diameter, on elytron equal in width to eye facet, finer on head, pronotum. Dorsal pubescence semi erect, moderately dense, evenly distributed, lacking distinct setal pattern; individual setae equal to about 2/3 to 1× length of scutellar shield, arcuate; elytral setae mostly directed posteriorly except directed outwardly at sides of body, posterolaterally near suture. Head large, 0.80× width of pronotum; eye large, finely facetted, with interfacetal setae, weakly notched near antennal insertion by small rounded ocular canthus; inner orbits arcuate, strongly diverging toward vertex, weakly diverging toward clypeus, with minimum separation at slightly below midlength; interocular distance 1.2× width of eye in frontal view. Antenna composed of 10 antennomeres; antennomere 3 elongate, about 1.8× length of antennomere 4; last 4 antennomeres forming gradual club expanding apically from antennomere 7–9; antennomere 10 subrhomboidal, slightly narrower, slightly longer than 9. Maxillary palp with terminal palpomere short, strongly expanded distally; with oblique apex. Pronotum transverse, width 2.0× length, weakly, evenly convex. Elytron in dorsal view with lateral margin weakly arcuate; elytral apices dehiscent. Ventral surfaces pubescent, distinctly punctate, except glabrous, impunctate in posterior 4/5ths of metacoxal plate; punctation coarser, denser on abdomen. Prosternum ( -Fig. 28 +Fig. 28 ) with carinae of intercoxal process extending to apex, subparallel, framing subtrapezoidal depression. Suture between abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 distinct, linear; 5 th ventrite with apex truncate; 6 @@ -111,21 +111,21 @@ ventrite with apex shallowly, roundly emarginate in median ½. Tarsal claw with Male genitalia ( -Fig. 32 +Fig. 32 ). Basal lobe in ventral view ( -Fig. 32b +Fig. 32b ) strongly, unevenly tapered toward apex, with small knob at distal most point, slightly shorter than paramere; in lateral view ( -Fig. 32a +Fig. 32a ) nearly flat in basal 2/3rds sinuous in apical third with upturned apex; paramere short and broad, strongly expanded toward obliquely rounded apex, about 3.0× as long as wide, slightly longer than longest setae. Penis ( -Fig. 32c +Fig. 32c ) lacking apical flagellum, slender with irregular swelling at apical ½; capsule wedge shaped. Female ( -Fig. 20 +Fig. 20 ). Similar to male except pronotum light brown; prosternum, mesepimeron, mesepisternum medium brown. 5 @@ -143,11 +143,11 @@ Length Trophic relations. Larvae develop on food bodies of - + P. reticulatum ( -Fig. 41 +Fig. 41 ). @@ -179,12 +179,13 @@ Nanita, proper noun in apposition, from Nan (a version of Ann) + ita (diminutive , P. Hanson / ex. - + Piper reticulatum - ” ( USNM -); +) + +; 9 paratypes ( 4 males @@ -203,7 +204,7 @@ Nanita, proper noun in apposition, from Nan (a version of Ann) + ita (diminutive , P. Hanson / ex. - + Piper reticulatum ” (5, diff --git a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD50B3CFF4BFCBF69C8BAFB.xml b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD50B3CFF4BFCBF69C8BAFB.xml index 2b0d10c7366..d90f6597c91 100644 --- a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD50B3CFF4BFCBF69C8BAFB.xml +++ b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD50B3CFF4BFCBF69C8BAFB.xml @@ -1,49 +1,49 @@ - - - -Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) + + + +Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) - - -Author + + +Author -Vandenberg, Natalia J. +Vandenberg, Natalia J. - - -Author + + +Author -Hanson, Paul E. +Hanson, Paul E. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2019 - -2019-02-08 + +2019 + +2019-02-08 - -4554 + +4554 - -1 + +1 - -255 -285 + +255 +285 -journal article -27575 -10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 -ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 -1175-5326 -2623565 -A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 +journal article +27575 +10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 +ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 +1175-5326 +2623565 +A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Key to species of - + Moiradiomus @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Key to species of The species of - + Moiradiomus can be readily separated by characteristics of the male genitalia and the species of larval host plant. Additional morphological and color differences are added to the key as confidence characters, but we project that these will prove insufficient for identification purposes, particularly considering our small sample sizes and the potentially large number of undescribed species in the genus. @@ -70,22 +70,22 @@ can be readily separated by characteristics of the male genitalia and the specie 1. Male genitalia with short, broad paramere (length only 2× width) ( -Fig. 32a +Fig. 32a ); basal lobe in ventral view ( -Fig. 32b +Fig. 32b ) strongly tapered toward apex with rounded apical knob. Penis tube ( -Fig. 32c +Fig. 32c ) with slight angulation and irregular swelling near distal ½. Larvae develop on food bodies of - + P. reticulatum . Adults proportionally shorter ( -Figs. 19, 20 +Figs. 19, 20 ) than other known species, with prosternal carinae ( -Fig. 28 +Fig. 28 ) nearly parallel, framing subtrapezoidal depression......................... -M. nanita +M. nanita , @@ -96,17 +96,17 @@ can be readily separated by characteristics of the male genitalia and the specie 1’. Male genitalia with paramere longer (length approximately 2.5–3.0× width) ( -Figs. 29a, 30a, 31a +Figs. 29a, 30a, 31a ); basal lobe not as above. Penis tube without angulation and swelling near distal ½ ( -Figs. 29c, 30c, 31c +Figs. 29c, 30c, 31c ). Larvae develop on other - + Piper hosts. Adult form elongate oval ( -Figs. 13–18 +Figs. 13–18 ), prosternal carinae more or less distinctly converging toward apex, framing subtriangular to ovoid depression ( -Figs. 25–27 +Figs. 25–27 )........................................................................... 2 @@ -115,17 +115,17 @@ hosts. Adult form elongate oval ( 2. Male genitalia with basal lobe strongly unevenly tapered in apical half ( -Fig. 29b +Fig. 29b ), terminating in hook-shaped process resembling a vulture’s head ( -Fig. 29d +Fig. 29d ). Larvae develop on food bodies of - + Piper holdridgeianum . Adult with terminal maxillary palpomere elongate, moderately expanded distally ( -Figs. 13, 14 +Figs. 13, 14 )....................................... - + M. clotho , @@ -137,13 +137,13 @@ hosts. Adult form elongate oval ( 2.’ Male genitalia with basal lobe nearly parallel-sided in apical half, terminating in oblique apex ( -Figs. 30b, 31b +Figs. 30b, 31b ). Larvae develop on other - + Piper hosts. Adult with terminal maxillary palpomere short, strongly expanded distally ( -Figs. 15–18 +Figs. 15–18 )............ 3 @@ -152,17 +152,17 @@ hosts. Adult with terminal maxillary palpomere short, strongly expanded distally 3. Basal lobe of male genitalia with pronounced dorsal hump at basal 1/3, forming a conspicuous subangulation in lateral view ( -Fig. 31a +Fig. 31a ). Prosternum with strongly convergent carinae framing subtriangular depression with attenuate, narrowly rounded apex ( -Fig. 27 +Fig. 27 ). Larvae develop on food bodies of - + Piper friedrichsthalii . Adult form narrow, tapered toward apex; male with scutellar shield same color as elytron, and base of pronotum in front of shield with light brown transverse mark ( -Fig. 17 +Fig. 17 )........................................................................................... - + M. atropos , @@ -174,18 +174,18 @@ hosts. Adult with terminal maxillary palpomere short, strongly expanded distally 3’. Basal lobe of male genitalia with dorsal surface nearly flat, weakly sinuous in lateral view ( -Fig. 30a +Fig. 30a ). Prosternum with weakly convergent carinae framing elongate ovoid depression ( -Fig. 26 +Fig. 26 ). Larvae develop on food bodies of - + Piper lanosibracteum . Adult form less narrow, oval with lateral margins nearly parallel-sided, then rounded off in apical 2/5; male scutellar shield may be paler than elytron and base of pronotum in front of shield without brown transverse mark ( -Fig. 15 +Fig. 15 )...................................................................................................... -M. lachesis +M. lachesis ., n. sp. diff --git a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD70B3DFF4BFD236E61BE8C.xml b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD70B3DFF4BFD236E61BE8C.xml index 91ec9080694..e066a130450 100644 --- a/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD70B3DFF4BFD236E61BE8C.xml +++ b/data/DF/18/F9/DF18F971FFD70B3DFF4BFD236E61BE8C.xml @@ -1,56 +1,56 @@ - - - -Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) + + + +Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) - - -Author + + +Author -Vandenberg, Natalia J. +Vandenberg, Natalia J. - - -Author + + +Author -Hanson, Paul E. +Hanson, Paul E. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2019 - -2019-02-08 + +2019 + +2019-02-08 - -4554 + +4554 - -1 + +1 - -255 -285 + +255 +285 -journal article -27575 -10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 -ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 -1175-5326 -2623565 -A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 +journal article +27575 +10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 +ff7707f0-058f-4f40-8eb8-2b6c9c75a173 +1175-5326 +2623565 +A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 - + Moiradiomus atropos sp. nov. @@ -61,13 +61,13 @@ ( -Figs. 17, 18 +Figs. 17, 18 , -27 +27 , -31 +31 , -42 +42 ) @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Diagnosis. This species is readily distinguished from its congeners by the male genitalia which have the basal lobe distinctly humped in lateral view and apex of parameres obliquely truncate. In addition, the adult form is more slender and apically tapered and the prosternal carinae are weakly convergent, framing an elongate ovoid depression with broadly rounded apex. It is also distinguished by its larval host plant: - + P. friedrichsthalii Casimir de Condolle, 1869 @@ -88,13 +88,13 @@ Casimir de Condolle, 1869 Description of holotype (male) ( -Fig. 17 +Fig. 17 ). Length 1.7 mm , width 1.0 mm. Form elongate, oval, tapered apically, weakly convex. Metathoracic wing present. Dorsal surfaces feebly shining, distinctly punctate, pubescent with fimbriate borders. Head, pronotum, appendages including mouthparts, straw yellow, with meso- metacoxae slightly darkened; base of pronotum in front of scutellar shield with light brown transverse mark; scutellar shield light brown; elytron light brown with apex narrowly yellow brown, epipleuron yellow brown, nearly transparent; pubescence shiny, off white. Venter predominantly light brown; prosternum pale yellow; mesepimeron, mesepisternum paler than surrounding sclerites except posterior margin of mesepimeron narrowly darkened; abdomen light brown, lighter, yellower toward apex; tarsal claw, mandibular apex dark reddish amber. Dorsal punctation moderately coarse; punctures separated by approximately 1× diameter, on elytron equal in width to eye facet, finer on head, pronotum. Dorsal pubescence semi erect, moderately dense, evenly distributed, lacking distinct setal pattern; individual setae equal to about 2/3 to 1× length of scutellar shield, arcuate; elytral setae mostly directed posteriorly except directed outwardly at sides of body, posterolaterally near suture. Head large, 0.80× width of pronotum; eye large, finely facetted, with interfacetal setae, weakly notched near antennal insertion by small rounded ocular canthus; inner orbits arcuate, strongly diverging toward vertex, weakly diverging toward clypeus, with minimum separation at slightly below midlength; interocular distance 1.5× width of eye in frontal view. Antenna composed of 10 antennomeres; antennomere 3 elongate, about 2.3× length of antennomere 4; last 4 antennomeres forming gradual club expanding apically from antennomere 7–9; antennomere 10 subrhomboidal, slightly narrower, slightly longer than 9. Maxillary palp with terminal palpomere short, strongly expanded distally; with oblique apex. Pronotum transverse, width 2.0× length, weakly, evenly convex. Elytron in dorsal view with lateral margin weakly arcuate; elytral apices dehiscent. Ventral surfaces pubescent, distinctly punctate, except glabrous, impunctate in posterior 4/5ths of metacoxal plate; punctation coarser, denser on abdomen. Prosternum ( -Fig. 12 +Fig. 12 ) with carinae of intercoxal process extending nearly to apex, weakly convergent, framing elongate ovoid depression with broadly rounded apex. Suture between abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 distinct, linear; 5 th , 6 @@ -106,21 +106,21 @@ or beyond. Male genitalia ( -Fig. 31 +Fig. 31 ). Basal lobe in ventral view ( -Fig. 31b +Fig. 31b ) weakly, unevenly tapered toward oblique apex, with small thorn-like process at distal most point, distinctly shorter than paramere; in lateral view ( -Fig. 31a +Fig. 31a ) with strong hump, apex flat; paramere elongate, strongly expanded toward obliquely truncated apex, about 2.5× as long as wide, about 2× longer than longest setae. Penis ( -Fig. 31c +Fig. 31c ) lacking apical flagellum, slender with wedge-shaped capsule. Female ( -Fig. 18 +Fig. 18 ). Similar to male except pronotum with brown blotch occupying median 2/3; pronotal base with narrow brown margin. 5 @@ -138,11 +138,11 @@ Length Trophic relations. Larvae develop on food bodies of - + P. friedrichsthalii ( -Fig. 42 +Fig. 42 ). @@ -175,12 +175,13 @@ Atropos, proper noun in apposition. Ancient Greek Ἄτρoπoς (Atropos), liter , P. Hanson / ex. - + Piper friedrichsthalii - ” ( USNM -) and +) + +and 5 paratypes ( 4 males @@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ Atropos, proper noun in apposition. Ancient Greek Ἄτρoπoς (Atropos), liter : Res. Biol. A.Brenes , ex. - + Piper friedrichsthalii ,