diff --git a/data/09/75/36/09753633B8885EDD935E95917543712F.xml b/data/09/75/36/09753633B8885EDD935E95917543712F.xml index 8ed1fd104af..d93472ce66e 100644 --- a/data/09/75/36/09753633B8885EDD935E95917543712F.xml +++ b/data/09/75/36/09753633B8885EDD935E95917543712F.xml @@ -1,2280 +1,2280 @@ - - - -Echiniscidae in the Mascarenes: the wonders of Mauritius + + + +Echiniscidae in the Mascarenes: the wonders of Mauritius - - -Author + + +Author -Kiosya, Yevgen -https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-9089 -School of Biology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody Sq. 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine +Kiosya, Yevgen +https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-9089 +School of Biology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody Sq. 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine - - -Author + + +Author -Voncina, Katarzyna -Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland +Voncina, Katarzyna +Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland - - -Author + + +Author -Gasiorek, Piotr -https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2814-8117 -Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland -piotr.lukas.gasiorek@gmail.com +Gasiorek, Piotr +https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2814-8117 +Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland +piotr.lukas.gasiorek@gmail.com -text - - -Evolutionary Systematics +text + + +Evolutionary Systematics - -2021 - -2021-04-09 + +2021 + +2021-04-09 - -5 + +5 - -1 + +1 - -93 -120 + +93 +120 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 -2535-0730-1-93 -22050C3440A54B7A9969222AE927D6AA -2B44BE75734D5AF8B3871CB1656D7A80 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 +2535-0730-1-93 +22050C3440A54B7A9969222AE927D6AA +2B44BE75734D5AF8B3871CB1656D7A80 - - - -Echiniscus tropicalis Binda & Pilato, 1995 -Figures 8 -, 9 -, 10 -, 11 + + + +Echiniscus tropicalis Binda & Pilato, 1995 +Figures 8 +, 9 +, 10 +, 11 , -Tables 6 +Tables 6 , -7 +7 , -8 +8 - -Material. - + +Material. + Together -402 adult +402 adult females, -17 juveniles +17 juveniles and -10 larvae +10 larvae mounted on slides. - -Description. - -Mature females + +Description. + +Mature females (i.e. from the third instar onwards; measurements in Table -6 +6 ). Body small and plump (Figs -9A +9A , -11A +11A ), yellow to orange, with minute red eyes absent after mounting. Ordinary primary and secondary (cephalic papillae) clavae of the - -Echiniscus + +Echiniscus -type; peribuccal cirri with well-developed cirrophores. Cirrus -A +A very short (<25% of the body length), with cirrophore. Body appendage configuration -A +A - -B +B - -C +C - -Cd +Cd - -D +D - -Dd +Dd - -E +E , with all appendages developed as spines or spicules, which are smooth or only sometimes spines -E +E are serrated (Figs -9A +9A , -10 +10 , -11A +11A ). Asymmetries frequent, especially in the lateral positions. - - -Table 6. + + +Table 6. Measurements [in -µm +µm ] of selected morphological structures of mature females of - -Echiniscus tropicalis + +Echiniscus tropicalis (pooled data from the populations ID.032, ID.939 and SG.001) mounted in -Hoyer's +Hoyer's medium (N - number of specimens/structures measured, Range refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD - standard deviation). - - - - - - - - + +
CharacterNRangeMeanSD
+ + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CharacterNRangeMeanSD
-µm +
+µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp
Body length26137-223 -384 +
Body length26137-223 +384 - -513 +- +513 194 -476 +194 +476 20 -31 +20 +31
Scapular plate length2633.6-45.2---40.9-3.3-
Scapular plate length2633.6-45.2---40.9-3.3-
Head appendages lengths
Head appendages lengths
+
Cirrus -internus +internus 2410.0-14.5 -22.2 +2410.0-14.5 +22.2 - -36.0 +- +36.0 12.3 -30.0 +12.3 +30.0 1.3 -3.1 +1.3 +3.1
Cephalic papilla265.0-7.7 -12.6 +
Cephalic papilla265.0-7.7 +12.6 - -18.8 +- +18.8 6.1 -14.9 +6.1 +14.9 0.5 -1.5 +0.5 +1.5
+
Cirrus -externus +externus 2511.2-18.2 -27.5 +2511.2-18.2 +27.5 - -41.7 +- +41.7 14.8 -36.4 +14.8 +36.4 1.9 -3.2 +1.9 +3.2
Clava254.2-6.4 -9.3 +
Clava254.2-6.4 +9.3 - -16.3 +- +16.3 5.0 -12.2 +5.0 +12.2 0.6 -1.6 +0.6 +1.6
+
Cirrus -A +A 2517.9-33.8 -41.1 +2517.9-33.8 +41.1 - -79.3 +- +79.3 27.8 -68.1 +27.8 +68.1 3.7 -8.2 +3.7 +8.2
+
Cirrus -A +A /Body length ratio 259%-18%---14%-2%-259%-18%---14%-2%-
Body appendages lengths
Body appendages lengths
+
Spine -B +B 244.3-12.7 -9.9 +244.3-12.7 +9.9 - -29.4 +- +29.4 8.5 -20.8 +8.5 +20.8 2.4 -5.5 +2.4 +5.5
+
Spine -C +C 266.5-14.7 -14.9 +266.5-14.7 +14.9 - -35.0 +- +35.0 11.1 -27.1 +11.1 +27.1 2.3 -5.1 +2.3 +5.1
+
Spine -Cd +Cd 263.0-10.8 -7.7 +263.0-10.8 +7.7 - -25.0 +- +25.0 6.7 -16.4 +6.7 +16.4 1.7 -4.0 +1.7 +4.0
+
Spine -D +D 225.7-13.8 -13.5 +225.7-13.8 +13.5 - -31.3 +- +31.3 10.0 -24.3 +10.0 +24.3 2.4 -5.3 +2.4 +5.3
+
Spine -Dd +Dd 254.3-14.9 -9.9 +254.3-14.9 +9.9 - -35.0 +- +35.0 10.2 -25.1 +10.2 +25.1 2.6 -6.3 +2.6 +6.3
+
Spine -E +E 267.1-15.8 -16.3 +267.1-15.8 +16.3 - -38.0 +- +38.0 12.1 -29.6 +12.1 +29.6 2.3 -5.5 +2.3 +5.5
Spine on leg I length261.9-3.7 -4.2 +
Spine on leg I length261.9-3.7 +4.2 - -8.8 +- +8.8 2.6 -6.4 +2.6 +6.4 0.5 -1.1 +0.5 +1.1
Papilla on leg IV length252.8-4.3 -6.7 +
Papilla on leg IV length252.8-4.3 +6.7 - -10.9 +- +10.9 3.4 -8.3 +3.4 +8.3 0.3 -1.0 +0.3 +1.0
Number of teeth on the collar258-17---12.3-2.3-
Number of teeth on the collar258-17---12.3-2.3-
Claw 1 heights
Claw 1 heights
Branch259.6-12.4 -24.7 +
Branch259.6-12.4 +24.7 - -30.4 +- +30.4 10.9 -26.8 +10.9 +26.8 0.8 -1.5 +0.8 +1.5
Spur231.5-2.6 -4.0 +
Spur231.5-2.6 +4.0 - -6.0 +- +6.0 2.0 -4.9 +2.0 +4.9 0.3 -0.5 +0.3 +0.5
Spur/branch length ratio2315%-21%---18%-2%-
Spur/branch length ratio2315%-21%---18%-2%-
Claw 2 heights
Claw 2 heights
Branch269.2-12.0 -22.9 +
Branch269.2-12.0 +22.9 - -28.6 +- +28.6 10.4 -25.6 +10.4 +25.6 0.8 -1.5 +0.8 +1.5
Spur251.6-2.7 -3.9 +
Spur251.6-2.7 +3.9 - -6.2 +- +6.2 1.9 -4.7 +1.9 +4.7 0.3 -0.5 +0.3 +0.5
Spur/branch length ratio2516%-23%---19%-2%-
Spur/branch length ratio2516%-23%---19%-2%-
Claw 3 heights
Claw 3 heights
Branch258.7-12.3 -23.2 +
Branch258.7-12.3 +23.2 - -28.6 +- +28.6 10.4 -25.6 +10.4 +25.6 0.8 -1.5 +0.8 +1.5
Spur231.5-2.7 -3.8 +
Spur231.5-2.7 +3.8 - -6.2 +- +6.2 1.9 -4.7 +1.9 +4.7 0.3 -0.6 +0.3 +0.6
Spur/branch length ratio2315%-23%---18%-2%-
Spur/branch length ratio2315%-23%---18%-2%-
Claw 4 heights
Claw 4 heights
Branch2610.7-14.8 -25.9 +
Branch2610.7-14.8 +25.9 - -34.9 +- +34.9 12.6 -30.8 +12.6 +30.8 1.1 -1.9 +1.1 +1.9
Spur182.0-3.1 -5.3 +
Spur182.0-3.1 +5.3 - -7.1 +- +7.1 2.4 -6.0 +2.4 +6.0 0.2 -0.5 +0.2 +0.5
Spur/branch length ratio1818%-24%---20%-2%-
Spur/branch length ratio1818%-24%---20%-2%-
- - -Figure 9. + + +Figure 9. Habitus of - -Echiniscus tropicalis + +Echiniscus tropicalis in dorsolateral view (PCM): -A +A adult female (black arrowheads indicate pulvini, whereas white arrowheads - pedal plates), -B +B larva. Scale bars in -μm +μm . - + Dorsal plates strongly sclerotised and well-demarcated from each other, with the - -Echiniscus spinulosus + +Echiniscus spinulosus type sculpturing, i.e. only pores are present (Figs -9A +9A , -10 +10 , -11 +11 ). Pores are densely arranged and rather of uniform size. Dark endocuticular rings absent (Figs -10 +10 , -11B, C +11B, C ). The cephalic plate consists of two halves, with an anterior chalice-like incision. The cervical (neck) plate is in the form of a narrow grey belt, weakly delineated anterior to the scapular plate (Fig. -10 +10 ). The scapular plate non-facetted, with the usual lateral sutures delineating small rectangular portions (Figs -9A +9A , -10 +10 ). Three median plates: m1, m3 unipartite, the latter reduced to a narrow stripe; m2 bipartite (Figs -9A +9A , -10 +10 , -11 +11 ). Two pairs of large segmental plates, their narrower anterior portions with two thin belts devoid of sculpture (Fig. -10 +10 ). The caudal (terminal) plate with evident incisions (Figs -9A +9A , -10 +10 ) and may be facetted (Fig. -11A +11A ). - - -Figure 10. + + +Figure 10. Dorsal plate sculpturing of - -Echiniscus tropicalis + +Echiniscus tropicalis in close-up (PCM). Scale bar in -μm +μm . - + Ventral cuticle smooth or with densely arranged endocuticular pillars. Sexpartite gonopore located anteriorly of legs IV and a trilobed anus between legs IV. Pedal plates and pulvini present (Fig. -9A +9A ). Spine I thin and minute (Fig. -9A +9A ). Dentate collar IV composed of numerous acute teeth (Figs -9A +9A , -11A +11A ). Papilla on leg IV present (Fig. -9A +9A ). Claws IV slightly higher than claws I-III. External claws on all legs smooth. Internal claws with heteromorphic spurs positioned at ca. 1/4-1/3 of the claw height. - - -Figure 11. + + +Figure 11. Dorsal plate sculpturing of - -Echiniscus tropicalis + +Echiniscus tropicalis (SEM): -A +A adult female in dorsal view, -B, C +B, C pores in close-up. Scale bars in -μm +μm . - -Mature males + +Mature males . Absent. - -Juveniles + +Juveniles (i.e. from the second instar onwards; measurements in Table -7 +7 ). No morphometric gap or qualitative differences between adult and juvenile females found. Gonopore absent. - - -Table 7. + + +Table 7. Measurements [in -µm +µm ] of selected morphological structures of juveniles of - -Echiniscus tropicalis + +Echiniscus tropicalis (population ID.939) mounted in -Hoyer's +Hoyer's medium (N - number of specimens/structures measured, Range refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD - standard deviation). - - - - - - - - + +
CharacterNRangeMeanSD
+ + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CharacterNRangeMeanSD
-µm +
+µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp
Body length10143-169 -444 +
Body length10143-169 +444 - -506 +- +506 158 -475 +158 +475 9 -19 +9 +19
Scapular plate length1029.9-35.4---33.2-1.8-
Scapular plate length1029.9-35.4---33.2-1.8-
Head appendages lengths
Head appendages lengths
+
Cirrus -internus +internus 97.6-9.6 -22.4 +97.6-9.6 +22.4 - -29.0 +- +29.0 8.7 -25.8 +8.7 +25.8 0.8 -2.2 +0.8 +2.2
Cephalic papilla94.6-5.5 -13.3 +
Cephalic papilla94.6-5.5 +13.3 - -17.5 +- +17.5 5.1 -15.5 +5.1 +15.5 0.3 -1.2 +0.3 +1.2
+
Cirrus -externus +externus 1010.2-13.7 -34.1 +1010.2-13.7 +34.1 - -41.8 +- +41.8 12.1 -36.4 +12.1 +36.4 0.9 -2.3 +0.9 +2.3
Clava103.6-4.5 -11.2 +
Clava103.6-4.5 +11.2 - -12.9 +- +12.9 4.0 -12.2 +4.0 +12.2 0.3 -0.6 +0.3 +0.6
+
Cirrus -A +A 922.2-25.6 -63.3 +922.2-25.6 +63.3 - -78.0 +- +78.0 23.4 -71.1 +23.4 +71.1 1.3 -5.3 +1.3 +5.3
+
Cirrus -A +A /Body length ratio 913%-16%---15%-1%-913%-16%---15%-1%-
Body appendages lengths
Body appendages lengths
+
Spine -B +B 93.5-7.4 -10.4 +93.5-7.4 +10.4 - -22.8 +- +22.8 5.3 -15.7 +5.3 +15.7 1.5 -4.4 +1.5 +4.4
+
Spine -C +C 106.5-10.5 -19.9 +106.5-10.5 +19.9 - -33.4 +- +33.4 8.7 -26.3 +8.7 +26.3 1.5 -4.4 +1.5 +4.4
+
Spine -Cd +Cd 104.6-7.9 -14.1 +104.6-7.9 +14.1 - -24.4 +- +24.4 6.5 -19.6 +6.5 +19.6 1.0 -2.9 +1.0 +2.9
+
Spine -D +D 72.1-8.8 -6.4 +72.1-8.8 +6.4 - -26.1 +- +26.1 5.3 -15.9 +5.3 +15.9 2.5 -7.8 +2.5 +7.8
+
Spine -Dd +Dd 1010.1-14.3 -28.9 +1010.1-14.3 +28.9 - -42.2 +- +42.2 11.4 -34.2 +11.4 +34.2 1.3 -3.8 +1.3 +3.8
+
Spine -E +E 107.8-13.0 -23.9 +107.8-13.0 +23.9 - -40.1 +- +40.1 11.2 -33.8 +11.2 +33.8 1.5 -4.3 +1.5 +4.3
Spine on leg I length101.8-2.6 -5.3 +
Spine on leg I length101.8-2.6 +5.3 - -7.9 +- +7.9 2.1 -6.2 +2.1 +6.2 0.2 -0.8 +0.2 +0.8
Papilla on leg IV length102.4-3.0 -6.8 +
Papilla on leg IV length102.4-3.0 +6.8 - -9.0 +- +9.0 2.7 -8.2 +2.7 +8.2 0.2 -0.6 +0.2 +0.6
Number of teeth on the collar107-12---10.3-1.7-
Number of teeth on the collar107-12---10.3-1.7-
Claw 1 heights
Claw 1 heights
Branch107.3-9.3 -23.4 +
Branch107.3-9.3 +23.4 - -27.8 +- +27.8 8.7 -26.2 +8.7 +26.2 0.6 -1.4 +0.6 +1.4
Spur91.3-1.7 -3.7 +
Spur91.3-1.7 +3.7 - -5.4 +- +5.4 1.6 -4.8 +1.6 +4.8 0.1 -0.5 +0.1 +0.5
Spur/branch length ratio916%-22%---18%-2%-
Spur/branch length ratio916%-22%---18%-2%-
Claw 2 heights
Claw 2 heights
Branch107.2-8.6 -22.0 +
Branch107.2-8.6 +22.0 - -26.5 +- +26.5 8.0 -24.1 +8.0 +24.1 0.5 -1.4 +0.5 +1.4
Spur71.3-1.9 -4.2 +
Spur71.3-1.9 +4.2 - -5.9 +- +5.9 1.5 -4.6 +1.5 +4.6 0.2 -0.6 +0.2 +0.6
Spur/branch length ratio717%-22%---19%-2%-
Spur/branch length ratio717%-22%---19%-2%-
Claw 3 heights
Claw 3 heights
Branch107.7-8.7 -22.0 +
Branch107.7-8.7 +22.0 - -26.9 +- +26.9 8.2 -24.8 +8.2 +24.8 0.4 -1.5 +0.4 +1.5
Spur71.4-1.7 -4.0 +
Spur71.4-1.7 +4.0 - -5.4 +- +5.4 1.5 -4.7 +1.5 +4.7 0.1 -0.5 +0.1 +0.5
Spur/branch length ratio717%-21%---19%-2%-
Spur/branch length ratio717%-21%---19%-2%-
Claw 4 heights
Claw 4 heights
Branch108.5-10.9 -26.3 +
Branch108.5-10.9 +26.3 - -33.2 +- +33.2 9.9 -29.7 +9.9 +29.7 0.7 -1.9 +0.7 +1.9
Spur61.7-2.4 -4.8 +
Spur61.7-2.4 +4.8 - -7.4 +- +7.4 2.0 -6.0 +2.0 +6.0 0.3 -0.9 +0.3 +0.9
Spur/branch length ratio617%-24%---21%-3%-
Spur/branch length ratio617%-24%---21%-3%-
- -Larvae + +Larvae (i.e. the first instar; measurements in Table -8 +8 ). Clear morphometric gap between juveniles and larvae exists (compare Tables -7 +7 , -8 +8 ). Body appendage configuration -A +A - -Cd +Cd - -Dd +Dd - -E +E (Fig. -9B +9B ). Anterior portions of paired segmental plates weakly sclerotised. Gonopore and anus absent. - - -Table 8. + + +Table 8. Measurements [in -µm +µm ] of selected morphological structures of larvae of - -Echiniscus tropicalis + +Echiniscus tropicalis (population ID.939) mounted in -Hoyer's +Hoyer's medium (N - number of specimens/structures measured, Range refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD - standard deviation). - - - - - - - - + +
CharacterNRangeMeanSD
+ + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CharacterNRangeMeanSD
-µm +
+µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp
Body length3110-124 -559 +
Body length3110-124 +559 - -574 +- +574 119 -567 +119 +567 8 -7 +8 +7
Scapular plate length319.4-22.0---21.0-1.4-
Scapular plate length319.4-22.0---21.0-1.4-
Head appendages lengths
Head appendages lengths
+
Cirrus -internus +internus 34.2-4.6 -20.9 +34.2-4.6 +20.9 - -21.6 +- +21.6 4.5 -21.3 +4.5 +21.3 0.2 -0.4 +0.2 +0.4
Cephalic papilla33.7-4.1 -18.5 +
Cephalic papilla33.7-4.1 +18.5 - -19.1 +- +19.1 3.9 -18.7 +3.9 +18.7 0.2 -0.3 +0.2 +0.3
+
Cirrus -externus +externus 26.0-6.4 -29.6 +26.0-6.4 +29.6 - -30.9 +- +30.9 6.2 -30.3 +6.2 +30.3 0.3 -0.9 +0.3 +0.9
Clava32.6-3.1 -13.4 +
Clava32.6-3.1 +13.4 - -14.4 +- +14.4 2.9 -13.9 +2.9 +13.9 0.3 -0.5 +0.3 +0.5
+
Cirrus -A +A 313.3-15.5 -60.9 +313.3-15.5 +60.9 - -71.8 +- +71.8 14.1 -67.1 +14.1 +67.1 1.2 -5.6 +1.2 +5.6
+
Cirrus -A +A /Body length ratio 311%-13%---12%-1%-311%-13%---12%-1%-
Body appendages lengths
Body appendages lengths
+
Spine -Cd +Cd 30.9-3.2 -4.1 +30.9-3.2 +4.1 - -15.5 +- +15.5 2.4 -11.5 +2.4 +11.5 1.3 -6.4 +1.3 +6.4
+
Spine -Dd +Dd 33.2-6.0 -16.5 +33.2-6.0 +16.5 - -27.8 +- +27.8 4.8 -22.8 +4.8 +22.8 1.5 -5.8 +1.5 +5.8
+
Spine -E +E 33.9-5.5 -20.1 +33.9-5.5 +20.1 - -25.0 +- +25.0 4.7 -22.4 +4.7 +22.4 0.8 -2.5 +0.8 +2.5
Spine on leg I length31.2-1.6 -6.2 +
Spine on leg I length31.2-1.6 +6.2 - -7.4 +- +7.4 1.5 -7.0 +1.5 +7.0 0.2 -0.7 +0.2 +0.7
Papilla on leg IV length31.7-2.0 -8.8 +
Papilla on leg IV length31.7-2.0 +8.8 - -9.1 +- +9.1 1.9 -8.9 +1.9 +8.9 0.2 -0.2 +0.2 +0.2
Number of teeth on the collar36-7---6.7-0.6-
Number of teeth on the collar36-7---6.7-0.6-
Claw 1 heights
Claw 1 heights
Branch35.3-5.8 -26.4 +
Branch35.3-5.8 +26.4 - -27.3 +- +27.3 5.6 -26.7 +5.6 +26.7 0.3 -0.5 +0.3 +0.5
Spur31.1-1.4 -5.7 +
Spur31.1-1.4 +5.7 - -6.5 +- +6.5 1.3 -6.2 +1.3 +6.2 0.2 -0.4 +0.2 +0.4
Spur/branch length ratio321%-25%---23%-2%-
Spur/branch length ratio321%-25%---23%-2%-
Claw 2 heights
Claw 2 heights
Branch35.1-5.5 -24.5 +
Branch35.1-5.5 +24.5 - -26.3 +- +26.3 5.3 -25.4 +5.3 +25.4 0.2 -0.9 +0.2 +0.9
Spur31.0-1.1 -4.6 +
Spur31.0-1.1 +4.6 - -5.7 +- +5.7 1.1 -5.1 +1.1 +5.1 0.1 -0.5 +0.1 +0.5
Spur/branch length ratio318%-22%---20%-2%-
Spur/branch length ratio318%-22%---20%-2%-
Claw 3 heights
Claw 3 heights
Branch35.1-5.7 -24.5 +
Branch35.1-5.7 +24.5 - -26.4 +- +26.4 5.4 -25.7 +5.4 +25.7 0.3 -1.0 +0.3 +1.0
Spur31.2-1.3 -5.5 +
Spur31.2-1.3 +5.5 - -6.2 +- +6.2 1.2 -5.9 +1.2 +5.9 0.1 -0.4 +0.1 +0.4
Spur/branch length ratio322%-24%---23%-1%-
Spur/branch length ratio322%-24%---23%-1%-
Claw 4 heights
Claw 4 heights
Branch36.0-6.1 -27.7 +
Branch36.0-6.1 +27.7 - -31.4 +- +31.4 6.1 -29.0 +6.1 +29.0 0.1 -2.1 +0.1 +2.1
Spur21.2-1.6 -5.5 +
Spur21.2-1.6 +5.5 - -7.4 +- +7.4 1.4 -6.4 +1.4 +6.4 0.3 -1.4 +0.3 +1.4
Spur/branch length ratio220%-27%---23%-5%-
Spur/branch length ratio220%-27%---23%-5%-
- -Eggs + +Eggs . One egg per exuviae was found in few examined exuviae. - -DNA sequences and phylogenetic position. - + +DNA sequences and phylogenetic position. + Two haplotypes in all markers were found, corresponding with the populations ID.032 and ID.939: 18S rRNA (MW327546, MW327547), 28S rRNA (MW327542, MW327543), ITS-2 (MW327549, MW327550), with the exception of ITS-1, characterised by one haplotype (MW327551, MW327552). The sister species of - -E. tropicalis + +E. tropicalis within the - -Echiniscus spinulosus + +Echiniscus spinulosus complex is - -E. siticulosus + +E. siticulosus (Fig. -8 +8 ). - -Phenotypic differential diagnosis. - - -Echiniscus tropicalis + +Phenotypic differential diagnosis. + + +Echiniscus tropicalis was originally described based on two adult females ( -Binda and Pilato 1995 +Binda and Pilato 1995 ). We compared the newly found Southeast Asian specimens with the microphotographs of the holotype that confirmed our suspicions after reading the description, i.e. the lack of sound morphological discrepancies between the type material from the Seychelles and abundant material from the Malay Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula. The only difference is the serration of spines -E +E that may be well-developed in Asian populations (Fig. -10 +10 ), whereas this trait was not reported by -Binda and Pilato (1995) +Binda and Pilato (1995) . The original description mentions "primary and secondary points" in the paratype = a potential ramification. As there is a considerable intrapopulation variability regarding this trait, the Seychellois and Asian populations should be ascertained as conspecific unless DNA data from the Seychelles reject this hypothesis. - + There is a plethora of differences between adult females of - -E. insularis + +E. insularis sp. nov. and - -E. tropicalis + +E. tropicalis after the description of the latter was supplemented with new data: -the presence of supernumerary spicules along the margins of dorsal plates and in the caudal incisions (present in E. insularis sp. nov. vs absent in E. tropicalis); -the presence of pedal plates (absent in E. insularis sp. nov. vs present in E. tropicalis); -the relative length of cirrus A (86.1- 106.2 in E. insularis sp. nov. vs 41.1- 79.3 in E. tropicalis); - +the presence of supernumerary spicules along the margins of dorsal plates and in the caudal incisions (present in E. insularis sp. nov. vs absent in E. tropicalis); +the presence of pedal plates (absent in E. insularis sp. nov. vs present in E. tropicalis); +the relative length of cirrus A (86.1- 106.2 in E. insularis sp. nov. vs 41.1- 79.3 in E. tropicalis); + the absolute lengths of lateral spines B- D (B 2.5-3.2 -μm +μm , C 2.0-5.2 -μm +μm , D 2.5-4.0 -μm +μm in E. insularis sp. nov. vs B 4.3-12.7 -μm +μm , C 6.5-14.7 -μm +μm , D 5.7-13.8 -μm +μm in E. tropicalis); -the presence of males (present in E. insularis sp. nov. vs absent in E. tropicalis); -additionally, the spine E is frequently serrated in E. tropicalis (smooth in E. insularis sp. nov.). +the presence of males (present in E. insularis sp. nov. vs absent in E. tropicalis); +additionally, the spine E is frequently serrated in E. tropicalis (smooth in E. insularis sp. nov.). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/28/F2/0E/28F20EAA015457C599CDC2059597AC0E.xml b/data/28/F2/0E/28F20EAA015457C599CDC2059597AC0E.xml index 0fe1cf3e0cb..f0260e7bc1a 100644 --- a/data/28/F2/0E/28F20EAA015457C599CDC2059597AC0E.xml +++ b/data/28/F2/0E/28F20EAA015457C599CDC2059597AC0E.xml @@ -1,82 +1,82 @@ - - - -Echiniscidae in the Mascarenes: the wonders of Mauritius + + + +Echiniscidae in the Mascarenes: the wonders of Mauritius - - -Author + + +Author -Kiosya, Yevgen -https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-9089 -School of Biology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody Sq. 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine +Kiosya, Yevgen +https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-9089 +School of Biology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody Sq. 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine - - -Author + + +Author -Voncina, Katarzyna -Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland +Voncina, Katarzyna +Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland - - -Author + + +Author -Gasiorek, Piotr -https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2814-8117 -Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland -piotr.lukas.gasiorek@gmail.com +Gasiorek, Piotr +https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2814-8117 +Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland +piotr.lukas.gasiorek@gmail.com -text - - -Evolutionary Systematics +text + + +Evolutionary Systematics - -2021 - -2021-04-09 + +2021 + +2021-04-09 - -5 + +5 - -1 + +1 - -93 -120 + +93 +120 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 -2535-0730-1-93 -22050C3440A54B7A9969222AE927D6AA -2B44BE75734D5AF8B3871CB1656D7A80 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 +2535-0730-1-93 +22050C3440A54B7A9969222AE927D6AA +2B44BE75734D5AF8B3871CB1656D7A80 - - - + + + Genus: -Bryodelphax Thulin, 1928 +Bryodelphax Thulin, 1928 - -Material. -Single adult female on slide MU.001.01. + +Material. +Single adult female on slide MU.001.01. - -Remarks. -A remarkably ornamented dorsum indicates that the individual found belongs to a new species. Its formal description is impossible with such scarce material. - - + +Remarks. +A remarkably ornamented dorsum indicates that the individual found belongs to a new species. Its formal description is impossible with such scarce material. + + Genus: - -Echiniscus + +Echiniscus C.A.S. Schultze, 1840 diff --git a/data/45/E2/AF/45E2AFF1BED0587CB644B832BAB422C0.xml b/data/45/E2/AF/45E2AFF1BED0587CB644B832BAB422C0.xml index dda7024c555..ea2e85a4162 100644 --- a/data/45/E2/AF/45E2AFF1BED0587CB644B832BAB422C0.xml +++ b/data/45/E2/AF/45E2AFF1BED0587CB644B832BAB422C0.xml @@ -1,99 +1,99 @@ - - - -Echiniscidae in the Mascarenes: the wonders of Mauritius + + + +Echiniscidae in the Mascarenes: the wonders of Mauritius - - -Author + + +Author -Kiosya, Yevgen -https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-9089 -School of Biology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody Sq. 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine +Kiosya, Yevgen +https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-9089 +School of Biology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody Sq. 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine - - -Author + + +Author -Voncina, Katarzyna -Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland +Voncina, Katarzyna +Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland - - -Author + + +Author -Gasiorek, Piotr -https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2814-8117 -Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland -piotr.lukas.gasiorek@gmail.com +Gasiorek, Piotr +https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2814-8117 +Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland +piotr.lukas.gasiorek@gmail.com -text - - -Evolutionary Systematics +text + + +Evolutionary Systematics - -2021 - -2021-04-09 + +2021 + +2021-04-09 - -5 + +5 - -1 + +1 - -93 -120 + +93 +120 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 -2535-0730-1-93 -22050C3440A54B7A9969222AE927D6AA -2B44BE75734D5AF8B3871CB1656D7A80 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 +2535-0730-1-93 +22050C3440A54B7A9969222AE927D6AA +2B44BE75734D5AF8B3871CB1656D7A80 - - - -Echiniscus perarmatus Murray, 1907 + + + +Echiniscus perarmatus Murray, 1907 - -Material. -Single adult female and a juvenile used for DNA sequencing (juvenile retrieved as a hologenophore on slide MU.001.23), larva on slide MU.001.01. + +Material. +Single adult female and a juvenile used for DNA sequencing (juvenile retrieved as a hologenophore on slide MU.001.23), larva on slide MU.001.01. - -Remarks. - + +Remarks. + This pantropical species ( -McInnes 1994 +McInnes 1994 ) will likely appear to be one of the most common members of -Echiniscidae +Echiniscidae in tropical climates, providing that the conspecificity of populations originating from different continents is demonstrated (data in preparation). - - + + Genus: - -Pseudechiniscus + +Pseudechiniscus Thulin, 1911 - - + + Subgenus: - -Meridioniscus + +Meridioniscus - -Gasiorek + +Gasiorek et al., 2021 diff --git a/data/68/80/E6/6880E61C85FD5FD8BE428C25C3BDC7C0.xml b/data/68/80/E6/6880E61C85FD5FD8BE428C25C3BDC7C0.xml index 62109e57abc..e9453fd12d5 100644 --- a/data/68/80/E6/6880E61C85FD5FD8BE428C25C3BDC7C0.xml +++ b/data/68/80/E6/6880E61C85FD5FD8BE428C25C3BDC7C0.xml @@ -1,2836 +1,2836 @@ - - - -Echiniscidae in the Mascarenes: the wonders of Mauritius + + + +Echiniscidae in the Mascarenes: the wonders of Mauritius - - -Author + + +Author -Kiosya, Yevgen -https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-9089 -School of Biology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody Sq. 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine +Kiosya, Yevgen +https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-9089 +School of Biology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody Sq. 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine - - -Author + + +Author -Voncina, Katarzyna -Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland +Voncina, Katarzyna +Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland - - -Author + + +Author -Gasiorek, Piotr -https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2814-8117 -Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland -piotr.lukas.gasiorek@gmail.com +Gasiorek, Piotr +https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2814-8117 +Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland +piotr.lukas.gasiorek@gmail.com -text - - -Evolutionary Systematics +text + + +Evolutionary Systematics - -2021 - -2021-04-09 + +2021 + +2021-04-09 - -5 + +5 - -1 + +1 - -93 -120 + +93 +120 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 -2535-0730-1-93 -22050C3440A54B7A9969222AE927D6AA -2B44BE75734D5AF8B3871CB1656D7A80 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 +2535-0730-1-93 +22050C3440A54B7A9969222AE927D6AA +2B44BE75734D5AF8B3871CB1656D7A80 - - - - + + + + Echiniscus insularis sp. nov. -Gasiorek +Gasiorek , -Voncina +Voncina & Kiosya -Figures 1 -, 2 -, 3 -, 4 -, 5 -, 6 -, 7 -, 8 +Figures 1 +, 2 +, 3 +, 4 +, 5 +, 6 +, 7 +, 8 , -Tables 3 +Tables 3 , -4 +4 , -5 +5 - - -Locus typicus + + +Locus typicus and type material. - + ca. -20°22'S +20°22'S , -57°29'E +57°29'E , 580 m asl; Sophie Nature Walk, vicinity of Mare aux Vacoas (Plaines Wilhems, Mauritius, Mascarene Archipelago, Western Indian Ocean); mosses from tree trunks. Holotype (mature female on slide MU.002.04), allotype (mature male on slide MU.002.02), seven paratypic females, fourteen paratypic males, and five juveniles (slides MU.001.01-3, MU.002.01-6). One hologenophore on slide MU.001.24, and three hologenophores the slide MU.002.07. All deposited in the Department of Invertebrate Evolution. - -Etymology. - + +Etymology. + From Latin -insula +insula = island. The name refers to -locus typicus +locus typicus . Adjective in the nominative singular. - -Description. - -Mature females + +Description. + +Mature females (i.e. from the third instar onwards; measurements in Table -3 +3 ). Body small and plump (Figs -1 +1 , -3 +3 , -6A +6A ), yellow to orange, with minute red eyes absent after mounting. Ordinary primary and secondary (cephalic papillae) clavae of the - -Echiniscus + +Echiniscus -type; peribuccal cirri with well-developed cirrophores. Cirrus -A +A very short (<25% of the body length), with cirrophore. Body appendage configuration -A +A -( -B +B )- -C +C - -Cd +Cd - -D +D - -Dd +Dd - -E +E , with the majority of appendages developed as spicules, slightly longer spines can occur only in the positions -Cd +Cd , -Dd +Dd , and -E +E (Figs -1 +1 , -3B +3B , -6A +6A ). Asymmetries frequent, but only rarely are more appendages absent (Fig. -3A +3A ). Additionally, supernumerary spicules occur along the margins of all dorsal plates and sometimes on their surface (Fig. -6A +6A ), particularly frequent (up to five) along the caudal incisions (Fig. -6D, E +6D, E ). Spines and spicules are always smooth and simple, not ramified. - - -Table 3. + + +Table 3. Measurements [in -µm +µm ] of selected morphological structures of mature females of - -Echiniscus insularis + +Echiniscus insularis sp. nov. mounted in -Hoyer's +Hoyer's medium (N - number of specimens/structures measured, Range refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD - standard deviation). - - - - - - - - - + +
CharacterNRangeMeanSDHolotype
+ + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CharacterNRangeMeanSDHolotype
-µm +
+µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp
Body length7122-169 -466 +
Body length7122-169 +466 - -591 +- +591 150 -514 +150 +514 16 -41 +16 +41 136 -529 +136 +529
Scapular plate length725.7-35.4---29.1-3.2-25.7-
Scapular plate length725.7-35.4---29.1-3.2-25.7-
Head appendages lengths
Head appendages lengths
+
Cirrus -internus +internus 78.5-13.2 -32.4 +78.5-13.2 +32.4 - -40.9 +- +40.9 10.8 -37.1 +10.8 +37.1 1.7 -3.4 +1.7 +3.4 9.0 -35.0 +9.0 +35.0
Cephalic papilla75.0-7.0 -16.9 +
Cephalic papilla75.0-7.0 +16.9 - -22.2 +- +22.2 5.9 -20.3 +5.9 +20.3 0.6 -1.8 +0.6 +1.8 5.7 -22.2 +5.7 +22.2
+
Cirrus -externus +externus 710.9-15.9 -40.7 +710.9-15.9 +40.7 - -52.2 +- +52.2 13.5 -46.3 +13.5 +46.3 1.6 -4.2 +1.6 +4.2 12.9 -50.2 +12.9 +50.2
Clava73.6-5.5 -11.9 +
Clava73.6-5.5 +11.9 - -17.5 +- +17.5 4.4 -15.2 +4.4 +15.2 0.6 -1.9 +0.6 +1.9 4.5 -17.5 +4.5 +17.5
+
Cirrus -A +A 724.2-37.0 -86.1 +724.2-37.0 +86.1 - -106.2 +- +106.2 28.3 -96.9 +28.3 +96.9 4.1 -7.0 +4.1 +7.0 27.3 -106.2 +27.3 +106.2
+
Cirrus -A +A /Body length ratio 717%-22%---19%-2%-20%-717%-22%---19%-2%-20%-
Body appendages lengths-------------
Body appendages lengths-------------
+
Spine -B +B 52.5-3.2 -8.8 +52.5-3.2 +8.8 - -10.8 +- +10.8 2.8 -9.8 +2.8 +9.8 0.3 -0.7 +0.3 +0.7 2.5 -9.7 +2.5 +9.7
+
Spine -C +C 72.0-5.2 -7.6 +72.0-5.2 +7.6 - -20.2 +- +20.2 4.0 -14.1 +4.0 +14.1 1.3 -5.0 +1.3 +5.0 5.2 -20.2 +5.2 +20.2
+
Spine -Cd +Cd 72.3-11.0 -8.8 +72.3-11.0 +8.8 - -39.9 +- +39.9 5.9 -20.6 +5.9 +20.6 3.3 -11.6 +3.3 +11.6 4.6 -17.9 +4.6 +17.9
+
Spine -D +D 62.5-4.0 -7.6 +62.5-4.0 +7.6 - -15.6 +- +15.6 3.1 -10.5 +3.1 +10.5 0.6 -3.1 +0.6 +3.1 4.0 -15.6 +4.0 +15.6
+
Spine -Dd +Dd 77.5-15.4 -22.6 +77.5-15.4 +22.6 - -53.3 +- +53.3 11.3 -39.5 +11.3 +39.5 3.2 -12.4 +3.2 +12.4 12.0 -46.7 +12.0 +46.7
+
Spine -E +E 52.2-9.6 -7.5 +52.2-9.6 +7.5 - -32.7 +- +32.7 6.5 -23.0 +6.5 +23.0 2.7 -9.5 +2.7 +9.5 6.0 -23.3 +6.0 +23.3
Supernumerary spicules240.7-4.6 -2.4 +
Supernumerary spicules240.7-4.6 +2.4 - -17.9 +- +17.9 ------------
Spine on leg I length71.6-2.6 -5.8 +
Spine on leg I length71.6-2.6 +5.8 - -7.5 +- +7.5 2.0 -6.7 +2.0 +6.7 0.4 -0.7 +0.4 +0.7 1.6 -6.2 +1.6 +6.2
Papilla on leg IV length72.8-3.5 -9.9 +
Papilla on leg IV length72.8-3.5 +9.9 - -12.5 +- +12.5 3.1 -10.7 +3.1 +10.7 0.2 -0.8 +0.2 +0.8 3.2 -12.5 +3.2 +12.5
Number of teeth on the collar77-11---8.6-1.6-11-
Number of teeth on the collar77-11---8.6-1.6-11-
Claw 1 heights
Claw 1 heights
Branch77.0-10.3 -26.2 +
Branch77.0-10.3 +26.2 - -30.7 +- +30.7 8.3 -28.5 +8.3 +28.5 1.0 -1.8 +1.0 +1.8 7.9 -30.7 +7.9 +30.7
Spur41.7-2.1 -5.8 +
Spur41.7-2.1 +5.8 - -8.2 +- +8.2 1.8 -6.6 +1.8 +6.6 0.2 -1.1 +0.2 +1.1 2.1 -8.2 +2.1 +8.2
Spur/branch length ratio420%-27%---23%-3%-27%-
Spur/branch length ratio420%-27%---23%-3%-27%-
Claw 2 heights-------------
Claw 2 heights-------------
Branch77.2-9.4 -24.5 +
Branch77.2-9.4 +24.5 - -30.8 +- +30.8 7.9 -27.2 +7.9 +27.2 0.8 -2.5 +0.8 +2.5 7.7 -30.0 +7.7 +30.0
Spur51.3-2.5 -4.4 +
Spur51.3-2.5 +4.4 - -7.1 +- +7.1 1.7 -5.5 +1.7 +5.5 0.5 -1.1 +0.5 +1.1 ????
Spur/branch length ratio518%-27%---21%-3%-?-
Spur/branch length ratio518%-27%---21%-3%-?-
Claw 3 heights
Claw 3 heights
Branch76.9-9.9 -25.5 +
Branch76.9-9.9 +25.5 - -32.7 +- +32.7 8.1 -27.8 +8.1 +27.8 1.0 -2.9 +1.0 +2.9 8.4 -32.7 +8.4 +32.7
Spur51.3-2.2 -4.4 +
Spur51.3-2.2 +4.4 - -6.2 +- +6.2 1.7 -5.5 +1.7 +5.5 0.4 -0.7 +0.4 +0.7 ????
Spur/branch length ratio516%-24%---20%-3%-?-
Spur/branch length ratio516%-24%---20%-3%-?-
Claw 4 heights
Claw 4 heights
Branch78.2-10.8 -28.8 +
Branch78.2-10.8 +28.8 - -35.8 +- +35.8 9.2 -31.7 +9.2 +31.7 0.8 -2.1 +0.8 +2.1 9.2 -35.8 +9.2 +35.8
Spur32.0-2.7 -6.8 +
Spur32.0-2.7 +6.8 - -8.7 +- +8.7 2.4 -7.7 +2.4 +7.7 0.4 -0.9 +0.4 +0.9 ????
Spur/branch length ratio321%-27%---24%-3%-?-
Spur/branch length ratio321%-27%---24%-3%-?-
- - -Figure 1. + + +Figure 1. Habitus of females of - -Echiniscus insularis + +Echiniscus insularis sp. nov. (PCM): -A +A dorsal view (cA - cirrus -A +A , ce - -cirrus externus +cirrus externus , ci - -cirrus internus +cirrus internus , cl - (primary) clava, cp - cephalic papilla), -B +B dorsolateral view, -C +C lateral view. Note irregularly distributed spicules along margins of the dorsal plates. Scale bars in -μm +μm . - + Dorsal plates strongly sclerotised and well-demarcated from each other, with the - -Echiniscus spinulosus + +Echiniscus spinulosus type sculpturing, i.e. only pores are present (Figs -1 +1 , -3 +3 , -6A +6A ). Pores are densely arranged and may be of various size: from medium (Figs -1B, C +1B, C , -3B +3B , -6A +6A ) to large (Fig. -1A +1A ), even merging into groups of two/three pores (Fig. -3A +3A ). Dark endocuticular rings usually absent (Figs -1 +1 , -3B +3B , -6A +6A ), or present, but only in the largest pores (Fig. -3A +3A ). Only in one female are pores absent and irregular dark epicuticular swellings are developed, most visible on the scapular plate (Fig. -4A +4A ). The cephalic plate consists of two halves, with an anterior chalice-like incision (Figs -1A +1A , -3A +3A ). The cervical (neck) plate is in the form of a narrow grey belt, weakly delineated anterior to the scapular plate (Figs -1A +1A , -3 +3 ). The scapular plate non-facetted, with the usual lateral sutures delineating small rectangular portions (Figs -1 +1 , -3 +3 ). Three median plates: m1, m3 unipartite, the latter reduced to a narrow stripe, and m2 bipartite (Figs -3A +3A , -6A +6A ); sculpture well-developed in all portions of the median plates with the exception of the anterior portion of m2, where it is reduced (Figs -1B, C +1B, C , -3 +3 , -6A +6A ). Two pairs of large segmental plates, their narrower anterior portions with two thin belts devoid of sculpture (Figs -1B +1B , -3 +3 , -6A +6A ) or with only one belt (Fig. -3B +3B ). The caudal (terminal) plate with evident incisions (Figs -1 +1 , -3 +3 ) and may be facetted (Figs -3B +3B , -6A +6A ). - + Ventral cuticle smooth. Sexpartite gonopore located anteriorly of legs IV and a trilobed anus between legs IV. Pedal plates absent, but dim pulvini present (Figs -1B +1B , -3A +3A ). Spine I thin and minute (Figs -1 +1 , -3A +3A ). Dentate collar IV composed of numerous acute teeth (Fig. -7D +7D ). Papilla on leg IV present (Figs -1 +1 , -3 +3 , -6A +6A ). Claws I-IV of similar heights. External claws on all legs smooth. Internal claws with proportionally large spurs positioned at ca. 1/4-1/3 of the claw height, spurs IV slightly heteromorphic since they are more divergent from the branches than spurs I-III (compare Fig. -7A-C, D +7A-C, D ). - -Mature males + +Mature males (i.e. from the third instar onwards; measurements in Table -4 +4 ). Body slender (Fig. -2 +2 ). Only one male has rudimentary developed pores (Fig. -4B +4B ). Males have often comparatively better developed supernumerary spicules than females (Fig. -2B +2B ). Clavae enlarged, more prominent than in females (Figs -2 +2 , -6B +6B ). Subcephalic region with a pair of weakly developed oval swellings (probably rudimentary subcephalic plates). Gonopore circular, with a U-shaped slit; semicircular bulge resembling a genital plate with a cracked surface present anterior to the gonopore (Fig. -6C +6C ). - - -Table 4. + + +Table 4. Measurements [in -µm +µm ] of selected morphological structures of mature males (one hologenophore included) of - -Echiniscus insularis + +Echiniscus insularis sp. nov. mounted in -Hoyer's +Hoyer's medium (N - number of specimens/structures measured, Range refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD - standard deviation). - - - - - - - - - + +
CharacterNRangeMeanSDAllotype
+ + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CharacterNRangeMeanSDAllotype
-µm +
+µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp
Body length15113-167 -500 +
Body length15113-167 +500 - -596 +- +596 145 -548 +145 +548 15 -28 +15 +28 167 -582 +167 +582
Scapular plate length1522.2-28.8---26.4-1.8-28.7-
Scapular plate length1522.2-28.8---26.4-1.8-28.7-
Head appendages lengths
Head appendages lengths
+
Cirrus -internus +internus 145.6-13.8 -23.0 +145.6-13.8 +23.0 - -49.6 +- +49.6 10.0 -37.5 +10.0 +37.5 2.2 -7.1 +2.2 +7.1 9.4 -32.8 +9.4 +32.8
Cephalic papilla154.5-7.2 -18.5 +
Cephalic papilla154.5-7.2 +18.5 - -27.8 +- +27.8 6.4 -24.1 +6.4 +24.1 0.7 -2.6 +0.7 +2.6 7.2 -25.1 +7.2 +25.1
+
Cirrus -externus +externus 157.9-18.0 -32.5 +157.9-18.0 +32.5 - -64.7 +- +64.7 13.7 -51.6 +13.7 +51.6 2.7 -8.2 +2.7 +8.2 15.6 -54.4 +15.6 +54.4
Clava153.2-6.1 -14.4 +
Clava153.2-6.1 +14.4 - -23.1 +- +23.1 4.8 -18.0 +4.8 +18.0 0.8 -2.7 +0.8 +2.7 5.8 -20.2 +5.8 +20.2
+
Cirrus -A +A 1517.2-29.9 -77.5 +1517.2-29.9 +77.5 - -112.7 +- +112.7 24.1 -90.9 +24.1 +90.9 3.6 -9.5 +3.6 +9.5 29.9 -104.2 +29.9 +104.2
+
Cirrus -A +A /Body length ratio 1515%-20%---17%-1%-18%-1515%-20%---17%-1%-18%-
Body appendages lengths
Body appendages lengths
+
Spine -B +B 61.6-2.9 -6.0 +61.6-2.9 +6.0 - -11.1 +- +11.1 2.4 -8.7 +2.4 +8.7 0.5 -1.8 +0.5 +1.8 ????
+
Spine -C +C 152.2-5.0 -8.3 +152.2-5.0 +8.3 - -17.4 +- +17.4 3.7 -13.9 +3.7 +13.9 0.7 -2.4 +0.7 +2.4 5.0 -17.4 +5.0 +17.4
+
Spine -Cd +Cd 52.4-8.0 -10.8 +52.4-8.0 +10.8 - -32.9 +- +32.9 5.4 -21.2 +5.4 +21.2 2.0 -7.9 +2.0 +7.9 ????
+
Spine -D +D 151.9-3.5 -6.8 +151.9-3.5 +6.8 - -13.3 +- +13.3 2.6 -9.8 +2.6 +9.8 0.5 -2.1 +0.5 +2.1 2.7 -9.4 +2.7 +9.4
+
Spine -Dd +Dd 143.2-13.2 -13.1 +143.2-13.2 +13.1 - -49.2 +- +49.2 10.1 -38.3 +10.1 +38.3 2.7 -9.7 +2.7 +9.7 11.4 -39.7 +11.4 +39.7
+
Spine -E +E 133.9-7.7 -14.8 +133.9-7.7 +14.8 - -28.2 +- +28.2 5.9 -21.9 +5.9 +21.9 1.3 -4.9 +1.3 +4.9 5.7 -19.9 +5.7 +19.9
Supernumerary spicules320.6-3.0 -2.1 +
Supernumerary spicules320.6-3.0 +2.1 - -11.5 +- +11.5 ------------
Spine on leg I length151.2-2.4 -4.9 +
Spine on leg I length151.2-2.4 +4.9 - -9.2 +- +9.2 1.8 -6.9 +1.8 +6.9 0.4 -1.3 +0.4 +1.3 1.9 -6.6 +1.9 +6.6
Papilla on leg IV length152.3-4.0 -9.5 +
Papilla on leg IV length152.3-4.0 +9.5 - -13.9 +- +13.9 3.1 -11.8 +3.1 +11.8 0.4 -1.4 +0.4 +1.4 4.0 -13.9 +4.0 +13.9
Number of teeth on the collar157-11---9.2-1.3-11-
Number of teeth on the collar157-11---9.2-1.3-11-
Claw 1 heights
Claw 1 heights
Branch135.7-9.7 -23.5 +
Branch135.7-9.7 +23.5 - -34.2 +- +34.2 8.3 -31.2 +8.3 +31.2 1.2 -2.9 +1.2 +2.9 9.7 -33.8 +9.7 +33.8
Spur91.5-2.3 -6.2 +
Spur91.5-2.3 +6.2 - -8.7 +- +8.7 1.8 -6.9 +1.8 +6.9 0.2 -0.8 +0.2 +0.8 2.1 -7.3 +2.1 +7.3
Spur/branch length ratio920%-26%---22%-2%-22%-
Spur/branch length ratio920%-26%---22%-2%-22%-
Claw 2 heights
Claw 2 heights
Branch145.7-9.2 -23.5 +
Branch145.7-9.2 +23.5 - -33.1 +- +33.1 7.8 -29.5 +7.8 +29.5 1.1 -2.7 +1.1 +2.7 8.8 -30.7 +8.8 +30.7
Spur101.3-2.4 -5.2 +
Spur101.3-2.4 +5.2 - -9.4 +- +9.4 1.7 -6.5 +1.7 +6.5 0.3 -1.3 +0.3 +1.3 1.6 -5.6 +1.6 +5.6
Spur/branch length ratio1017%-29%---21%-4%-18%-
Spur/branch length ratio1017%-29%---21%-4%-18%-
Claw 3 heights
Claw 3 heights
Branch155.0-9.3 -20.6 +
Branch155.0-9.3 +20.6 - -33.7 +- +33.7 7.9 -29.9 +7.9 +29.9 1.2 -3.1 +1.2 +3.1 9.1 -31.7 +9.1 +31.7
Spur71.2-2.0 -4.9 +
Spur71.2-2.0 +4.9 - -7.8 +- +7.8 1.7 -6.5 +1.7 +6.5 0.3 -0.9 +0.3 +0.9 ????
Spur/branch length ratio717%-25%---22%-2%-?-
Spur/branch length ratio717%-25%---22%-2%-?-
Claw 4 heights
Claw 4 heights
Branch156.4-11.2 -26.3 +
Branch156.4-11.2 +26.3 - -42.4 +- +42.4 9.4 -35.4 +9.4 +35.4 1.4 -4.2 +1.4 +4.2 11.2 -39.0 +11.2 +39.0
Spur81.5-2.6 -6.2 +
Spur81.5-2.6 +6.2 - -10.2 +- +10.2 2.3 -8.7 +2.3 +8.7 0.4 -1.2 +0.4 +1.2 ????
Spur/branch length ratio822%-28%---25%-2%-?-
Spur/branch length ratio822%-28%---25%-2%-?-
- - -Figure 2. + + +Figure 2. Habitus of males of - -Echiniscus insularis + +Echiniscus insularis sp. nov. (PCM): -A +A dorsal view, -B +B dorsolateral view, -C +C lateral view. Note differences between the density of supernumerary spicules at margins of the dorsal plates. Scale bars in -μm +μm . - - -Figure 3. + + +Figure 3. Habitus of females of - -Echiniscus insularis + +Echiniscus insularis sp. nov.: -A +A specimen with appendages (arrowheads) greatly reduced in number and aberrantly large, merging pores (PCM, dorsolateral view), -B +B typical female with ordinary set of appendages (SEM, dorsal view). Scale bars in -μm +μm . - - -Figure 4. + + +Figure 4. Habitus of - -Echiniscus insularis + +Echiniscus insularis sp. nov. - individuals with aberrantly developed dorsal sculpturing (PCM): -A +A female, dorsal view, -B +B male, dorsolateral view. Note differences in the development of appendages. Scale bars in -μm +μm . - -Juveniles + +Juveniles (i.e. from the second instar onwards; measurements in Table -5 +5 ). No morphometric gap between adults and juveniles (likely a result of general miniaturisation of the species). Qualitatively similar to adults (Fig. -5 +5 ). Gonopore absent. - - -Table 5. + + +Table 5. Measurements [in -µm +µm ] of selected morphological structures of juveniles of - -Echiniscus insularis + +Echiniscus insularis sp. nov. mounted in -Hoyer's +Hoyer's medium (N - number of specimens/structures measured, Range refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD - standard deviation). - - - - - - - - + +
CharacterNRangeMeanSD
+ + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - - - + + + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CharacterNRangeMeanSD
-µm +
+µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp
Body length5100-140 -422 +
Body length5100-140 +422 - -625 +- +625 121 -507 +121 +507 18 -75 +18 +75
Scapular plate length518.4-29.4---24.2-4.3-
Scapular plate length518.4-29.4---24.2-4.3-
Head appendages lengths
Head appendages lengths
+
Cirrus -internus +internus 55.3-9.5 -22.4 +55.3-9.5 +22.4 - -34.7 +- +34.7 7.4 -30.6 +7.4 +30.6 1.6 -5.1 +1.6 +5.1
Cephalic papilla53.5-5.6 -16.8 +
Cephalic papilla53.5-5.6 +16.8 - -21.5 +- +21.5 4.6 -18.9 +4.6 +18.9 0.8 -1.7 +0.8 +1.7
+
Cirrus -externus +externus 56.6-13.0 -35.9 +56.6-13.0 +35.9 - -50.6 +- +50.6 10.8 -44.0 +10.8 +44.0 2.8 -5.6 +2.8 +5.6
Clava53.0-4.7 -13.5 +
Clava53.0-4.7 +13.5 - -18.5 +- +18.5 3.8 -15.8 +3.8 +15.8 0.7 -2.0 +0.7 +2.0
+
Cirrus -A +A 515.3-27.3 -83.2 +515.3-27.3 +83.2 - -101.3 +- +101.3 22.4 -92.0 +22.4 +92.0 5.2 -8.3 +5.2 +8.3
+
Cirrus -A +A /Body length ratio 513%-24%---19%-4%-513%-24%---19%-4%-
Body appendages lengths
Body appendages lengths
+
Spine -B +B 12.2-2.2 -9.3 +12.2-2.2 +9.3 - -9.3 +- +9.3 2.2 -9.3 +2.2 +9.3 ????
+
Spine -C +C 52.2-4.2 -12.0 +52.2-4.2 +12.0 - -18.9 +- +18.9 3.7 -15.4 +3.7 +15.4 0.9 -2.9 +0.9 +2.9
+
Spine -Cd +Cd 42.1-8.4 -7.1 +42.1-8.4 +7.1 - -35.4 +- +35.4 5.6 -22.3 +5.6 +22.3 2.9 -11.9 +2.9 +11.9
+
Spine -D +D 51.3-3.7 -7.1 +51.3-3.7 +7.1 - -15.6 +- +15.6 2.7 -11.0 +2.7 +11.0 0.9 -3.3 +0.9 +3.3
+
Spine -Dd +Dd 56.7-13.0 -36.4 +56.7-13.0 +36.4 - -54.9 +- +54.9 10.6 -43.8 +10.6 +43.8 2.4 -7.3 +2.4 +7.3
+
Spine -E +E 44.1-7.3 -22.1 +44.1-7.3 +22.1 - -30.8 +- +30.8 5.8 -24.9 +5.8 +24.9 1.5 -4.1 +1.5 +4.1
Supernumerary spicules181.1-3.0 -5.0 +
Supernumerary spicules181.1-3.0 +5.0 - -12.7 +- +12.7 --------
Spine on leg I length41.1-2.6 -5.0 +
Spine on leg I length41.1-2.6 +5.0 - -8.8 +- +8.8 1.8 -7.1 +1.8 +7.1 0.8 -2.0 +0.8 +2.0
Papilla on leg IV length52.1-2.9 -9.9 +
Papilla on leg IV length52.1-2.9 +9.9 - -12.2 +- +12.2 2.6 -10.7 +2.6 +10.7 0.4 -1.1 +0.4 +1.1
Number of teeth on the collar56-10---7.8-1.5-
Number of teeth on the collar56-10---7.8-1.5-
Claw 1 heights
Claw 1 heights
Branch55.6-8.1 -26.1 +
Branch55.6-8.1 +26.1 - -32.1 +- +32.1 7.0 -29.1 +7.0 +29.1 1.2 -2.4 +1.2 +2.4
Spur31.0-2.1 -4.5 +
Spur31.0-2.1 +4.5 - -7.1 +- +7.1 1.5 -6.2 +1.5 +6.2 0.6 -1.5 +0.6 +1.5
Spur/branch length ratio317%-26%---22%-5%-
Spur/branch length ratio317%-26%---22%-5%-
Claw 2 heights
Claw 2 heights
Branch54.9-7.7 -25.2 +
Branch54.9-7.7 +25.2 - -28.7 +- +28.7 6.5 -26.8 +6.5 +26.8 1.2 -1.5 +1.2 +1.5
Spur31.0-1.7 -5.4 +
Spur31.0-1.7 +5.4 - -5.8 +- +5.8 1.3 -5.5 +1.3 +5.5 0.4 -0.2 +0.4 +0.2
Spur/branch length ratio320%-23%---22%-1%-
Spur/branch length ratio320%-23%---22%-1%-
Claw 3 heights
Claw 3 heights
Branch55.3-7.3 -24.8 +
Branch55.3-7.3 +24.8 - -28.8 +- +28.8 6.4 -26.6 +6.4 +26.6 1.0 -1.8 +1.0 +1.8
Spur31.0-1.6 -5.4 +
Spur31.0-1.6 +5.4 - -5.9 +- +5.9 1.3 -5.6 +1.3 +5.6 0.3 -0.2 +0.3 +0.2
Spur/branch length ratio319%-24%---21%-2%-
Spur/branch length ratio319%-24%---21%-2%-
Claw 4 heights
Claw 4 heights
Branch46.3-8.6 -27.6 +
Branch46.3-8.6 +27.6 - -34.2 +- +34.2 7.4 -30.5 +7.4 +30.5 1.2 -3.0 +1.2 +3.0
Spur12.0-2.0 -6.8 +
Spur12.0-2.0 +6.8 - -6.8 +- +6.8 2.0 -6.8 +2.0 +6.8 ????
Spur/branch length ratio125%-25%---25%-?-
Spur/branch length ratio125%-25%---25%-?-
- - -Figure 5. + + +Figure 5. Habitus of juvenile of - -Echiniscus insularis + +Echiniscus insularis sp. nov. with fully developed appendages (PCM, dorsolateral view). Scale bar in -μm +μm . - -Larvae + +Larvae . Unknown. - -Eggs + +Eggs . One egg per exuviae was found in few examined exuviae. - - -Figure 6. + + +Figure 6. Morphological details of - -Echiniscus insularis + +Echiniscus insularis sp. nov.: -A +A female in lateral view (SEM), -B +B male cephalic appendages (SEM), -C +C male gonopore (SEM), -D, E +D, E appendages along the caudal incision (PCM). Scale bars in -μm +μm . - - -Figure 7. + + +Figure 7. Claws of - -Echiniscus insularis + +Echiniscus insularis sp. nov.: -A +A claws I (PCM, empty arrowhead indicates the asymmetric lack of internal spur), -B +B claws II (SEM), -C +C claws III (SEM), -D +D claws IV with dentate collar (SEM). Scale bars in -μm +μm . - -DNA sequences and phylogenetic position. - + +DNA sequences and phylogenetic position. + Two haplotypes in all markers were found, corresponding with the populations MU.001 and MU.002: 18S rRNA (MW180887, MW180888), 28S rRNA (MW180879, MW180880), ITS-1 (MW180910, MW180911), ITS-2 (MW180898, MW180899), and in COI (MW178242, MW178243). -p +p -distance in COI between the two populations is 4.9%. - -Echiniscus insularis + +Echiniscus insularis sp. nov. belongs in the - -Echiniscus spinulosus + +Echiniscus spinulosus complex, being a sister species to the clade composed of - -E. manuelae + +E. manuelae da Cunha & do Nascimento Ribeiro, 1962 + - -E. tristis + +E. tristis -Gasiorek +Gasiorek & Kristensen, 2018 (Fig. -8 +8 ). - - -Figure 8. + + +Figure 8. Phylogenetic position of - -Echiniscus insularis + +Echiniscus insularis sp. nov. on the Maximum Likelihood consensus phylogenetic tree; the - -E. spinulosus + +E. spinulosus complex is marked in green and - -Diploechiniscus oihonnae + +Diploechiniscus oihonnae was used as an outgroup. ML bootstrap values are presented above the branches. - -Remarks. - + +Remarks. + The species is easily recognisable because of the additional supernumerary dorsal spicules along margins of all plates and sometimes on the plates, making it an unusual member of the - -Echiniscus spinulosus + +Echiniscus spinulosus group and of the entire genus. Besides, it is one of the smallest representatives of - -Echiniscus + +Echiniscus with the average adult body length at ca. 150 -μm +μm , whereas adults of - -Echiniscus + +Echiniscus spp. usually reach 200-250 -μm +μm at least. There is one species resembling specimens of - -E. insularis + +E. insularis sp. nov. with a lower number of spicules - - -E. tropicalis + +E. tropicalis Binda & Pilato, 1995 described from the Seychelles. For the purpose of the comparison - -E. insularis + +E. insularis sp. nov. - - -E. tropicalis + +E. tropicalis , we present updated description of the latter species below. - + Due to the fact that - -E. manuelae + +E. manuelae and - -E. tristis + +E. tristis currently emerge as species closest phylogenetically to - -E. insularis + +E. insularis sp. nov., we compare them with the new species accordingly: - + E. manuelae has larger and more sparsely distributed pores in dorsal plates (see fig. 3 in da Cunha & do Nascimento Ribeiro (1962) and fig. 5 in -Gasiorek +Gasiorek and Kristensen (2018)), and appendages C d + D d are long and serrated (smooth and short in E. insularis sp. nov.); - + E. tristis is a larger species (adult females ≥ 180 -μm +μm in E. tristis vs <170 -μm +μm in E. insularis sp. nov.) and has larger claw spurs that are more divergent from branches than in E. insularis sp. nov. diff --git a/data/83/7E/07/837E07BD4A595B718058F7B46DA6F2EE.xml b/data/83/7E/07/837E07BD4A595B718058F7B46DA6F2EE.xml index 407ff001e1f..37f47f27f39 100644 --- a/data/83/7E/07/837E07BD4A595B718058F7B46DA6F2EE.xml +++ b/data/83/7E/07/837E07BD4A595B718058F7B46DA6F2EE.xml @@ -1,2511 +1,2511 @@ - - - -Echiniscidae in the Mascarenes: the wonders of Mauritius + + + +Echiniscidae in the Mascarenes: the wonders of Mauritius - - -Author + + +Author -Kiosya, Yevgen -https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-9089 -School of Biology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody Sq. 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine +Kiosya, Yevgen +https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-9089 +School of Biology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody Sq. 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine - - -Author + + +Author -Voncina, Katarzyna -Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland +Voncina, Katarzyna +Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland - - -Author + + +Author -Gasiorek, Piotr -https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2814-8117 -Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland -piotr.lukas.gasiorek@gmail.com +Gasiorek, Piotr +https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2814-8117 +Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Krakow, Poland +piotr.lukas.gasiorek@gmail.com -text - - -Evolutionary Systematics +text + + +Evolutionary Systematics - -2021 - -2021-04-09 + +2021 + +2021-04-09 - -5 + +5 - -1 + +1 - -93 -120 + +93 +120 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 -2535-0730-1-93 -22050C3440A54B7A9969222AE927D6AA -2B44BE75734D5AF8B3871CB1656D7A80 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 +2535-0730-1-93 +22050C3440A54B7A9969222AE927D6AA +2B44BE75734D5AF8B3871CB1656D7A80 - - - - - + + + + + Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis sp. nov. Kiosya, -Voncina +Voncina & -Gasiorek +Gasiorek -Figures 12 -, 13 -, 14 -, 15 -, 16 -, 17 +Figures 12 +, 13 +, 14 +, 15 +, 16 +, 17 , -Tables 9 +Tables 9 , -10 +10 , -11 +11 , -12 +12 - - -Pseudechiniscus + + +Pseudechiniscus sp. 5 in - -Gasiorek + +Gasiorek et al. (2021) - - -Locus typicus + + +Locus typicus and type material. - + ca. -20°22'S +20°22'S , -57°29'E +57°29'E , 580 m asl; Sophie Nature Walk, vicinity of Mare aux Vacoas (Plaines Wilhems, Mauritius, Mascarene Archipelago, Western Indian Ocean); mosses from tree trunks. Holotype (mature female on slide MU.001.04), allotype (mature male on slide MU.001.05), sixty paratypic females, seven paratypic males, ten juveniles, and six larvae (slides MU.001.01-21). Single hologenophore on slide MU.001.22. All deposited in the Department of Invertebrate Evolution. - -Etymology. - + +Etymology. + The name indicates the Mascarenes, -terra typica +terra typica of the new species. Adjective in the nominative singular. - -Description. - -Mature females + +Description. + +Mature females (i.e. from the third instar onwards; measurements in Table -9 +9 ). Body yellow to orange, with minute, round black eyes absent after mounting (Fig. -12A +12A ). Elongated (dactyloid) cephalic papillae (secondary clavae) and elongated (primary) clavae (Figs -12A +12A , -13 +13 , -15 +15 , -16 +16 ); peribuccal cirri with poorly developed cirrophores. Cirrus -A +A short, with cirrophore. - - -Table 9. + + +Table 9. Measurements [in -µm +µm ] of selected morphological structures of mature females of - -Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis + +Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis sp. nov. mounted in -Hoyer's +Hoyer's medium (N - number of specimens/structures measured, Range refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD - standard deviation). - - - - - - - - - + +
CharacterNRangeMeanSDHolotype
+ + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CharacterNRangeMeanSDHolotype
-µm +
+µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp
Body length10151-177 -621 +
Body length10151-177 +621 - -843 +- +843 163 -712 +163 +712 9 -64 +9 +64 167 -732 +167 +732
Scapular plate length1021.0-24.8---23.0-1.4-22.8-
Scapular plate length1021.0-24.8---23.0-1.4-22.8-
Head appendages lengths
Head appendages lengths
+
Cirrus -internus +internus 105.4-7.6 -23.3 +105.4-7.6 +23.3 - -32.9 +- +32.9 6.7 -29.2 +6.7 +29.2 0.6 -2.9 +0.6 +2.9 6.8 -29.8 +6.8 +29.8
Cephalic papilla104.3-5.7 -17.3 +
Cephalic papilla104.3-5.7 +17.3 - -25.2 +- +25.2 5.0 -21.8 +5.0 +21.8 0.5 -2.3 +0.5 +2.3 4.4 -19.3 +4.4 +19.3
+
Cirrus -externus +externus 107.7-13.0 -33.2 +107.7-13.0 +33.2 - -56.5 +- +56.5 10.8 -47.3 +10.8 +47.3 1.6 -7.7 +1.6 +7.7 11.5 -50.4 +11.5 +50.4
Clava103.4-5.2 -13.9 +
Clava103.4-5.2 +13.9 - -21.2 +- +21.2 4.2 -18.2 +4.2 +18.2 0.5 -2.3 +0.5 +2.3 4.0 -17.5 +4.0 +17.5
+
Cirrus -A +A 913.8-23.4 -58.1 +913.8-23.4 +58.1 - -95.5 +- +95.5 18.9 -82.9 +18.9 +82.9 3.0 -14.6 +3.0 +14.6 20.5 -89.9 +20.5 +89.9
+
Cirrus -A +A /Body length ratio 99%-13%---12%-2%-12%-99%-13%---12%-2%-12%-
Papilla on leg IV length101.5-2.4 -7.0 +
Papilla on leg IV length101.5-2.4 +7.0 - -11.0 +- +11.0 2.0 -8.9 +2.0 +8.9 0.3 -1.2 +0.3 +1.2 2.1 -9.2 +2.1 +9.2
Claw 1 heights
Claw 1 heights
Branch106.9-8.6 -29.7 +
Branch106.9-8.6 +29.7 - -39.5 +- +39.5 7.8 -34.1 +7.8 +34.1 0.6 -3.0 +0.6 +3.0 8.0 -35.1 +8.0 +35.1
Spur91.3-2.1 -5.7 +
Spur91.3-2.1 +5.7 - -8.6 +- +8.6 1.6 -7.2 +1.6 +7.2 0.3 -1.0 +0.3 +1.0 1.3 -5.7 +1.3 +5.7
Spur/branch length ratio916%-25%---21%-3%-16%-
Spur/branch length ratio916%-25%---21%-3%-16%-
Claw 2 heights
Claw 2 heights
Branch106.8-8.7 -29.3 +
Branch106.8-8.7 +29.3 - -38.6 +- +38.6 7.8 -33.9 +7.8 +33.9 0.6 -2.9 +0.6 +2.9 7.8 -34.2 +7.8 +34.2
Spur91.2-1.8 -5.2 +
Spur91.2-1.8 +5.2 - -7.6 +- +7.6 1.5 -6.4 +1.5 +6.4 0.2 -0.8 +0.2 +0.8 1.4 -6.1 +1.4 +6.1
Spur/branch length ratio917%-25%---19%-3%-18%-
Spur/branch length ratio917%-25%---19%-3%-18%-
Claw 3 heights
Claw 3 heights
Branch106.5-8.4 -28.9 +
Branch106.5-8.4 +28.9 - -40.0 +- +40.0 7.6 -33.3 +7.6 +33.3 0.7 -3.2 +0.7 +3.2 7.6 -33.3 +7.6 +33.3
Spur81.2-1.7 -5.6 +
Spur81.2-1.7 +5.6 - -7.2 +- +7.2 1.5 -6.4 +1.5 +6.4 0.2 -0.5 +0.2 +0.5 1.4 -6.1 +1.4 +6.1
Spur/branch length ratio818%-24%---20%-2%-18%-
Spur/branch length ratio818%-24%---20%-2%-18%-
Claw 4 heights
Claw 4 heights
Branch107.5-9.1 -30.2 +
Branch107.5-9.1 +30.2 - -42.4 +- +42.4 8.3 -36.2 +8.3 +36.2 0.6 -3.4 +0.6 +3.4 8.0 -35.1 +8.0 +35.1
Spur61.3-2.2 -6.0 +
Spur61.3-2.2 +6.0 - -9.0 +- +9.0 1.8 -7.6 +1.8 +7.6 0.4 -1.3 +0.4 +1.3 1.8 -7.9 +1.8 +7.9
Spur/branch length ratio617%-25%---21%-3%-23%-
Spur/branch length ratio617%-25%---21%-3%-23%-
- - -Figure 12. + + +Figure 12. Habitus of - -Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis + +Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis sp. nov. (PCM): -A +A female, dorsolateral view, -B, C +B, C males, dorsal view. Scale bars in -μm +μm . - + Dorsal plates are both poorly sclerotised and demarcated from each other, with the - -Pseudechiniscus + +Pseudechiniscus -type sculpturing, i.e. endocuticular pillars protruding through the epicuticle and visible as dark dots in PCM (Fig. -12A +12A ). -Striae +Striae present, but not visible in SEM (Figs -15A +15A , -16 +16 ). Epicuticular ornamentation absent. The cephalic plate pentapartite, with the anterior bi-halved portion and three posterior portions, roughly equal in size. The cervical (neck) plate absent. The scapular plate with sutures, separating wide anterior portion and four rectangular posterior portions. Three median plates: m1 and m3 unipartite, the latter indistinctly merged with the anterior margin of the pseudosegmental plate -IV' +IV' (Fig. -12A +12A ), clearly delimited in SEM (Fig. -15A +15A ); m2 bipartite and large. Four pairs of lateral intersegmental platelets flanking the boarders of m1-2 (Figs -12A +12A , -16 +16 ). Two pairs of large segmental plates. The pseudosegmental plate -IV' +IV' undivided by a median longitudinal suture; the posterior margin of the plate sinusoid and smooth. The caudal (terminal) plate with short, very poorly marked incisions (Figs -15A +15A , -16 +16 ). - + Ventral cuticle with a pronounced species-specific pattern reaching the lateroventral sides of the body (Figs -12A +12A , -13 +13 , -14 +14 , -15B +15B ), being a typical reticulum composed of belts of pillars. The pattern is relatively stable and well developed in the majority of individuals. The subcephalic zone with a wide belt of pillars. No epicuticular thickenings. Sexpartite gonopore located anterior to legs IV and a trilobed anus between legs IV. - - -Figure 13. + + +Figure 13. Ventral sculpturing pattern of female of - -Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis + +Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis sp. nov. (PCM). Scale bar in -μm +μm . - - -Figure 14. + + +Figure 14. Schematic ventral sculpturing pattern of female of - -Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis + +Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis sp. nov. - - -Figure 15. + + +Figure 15. Habitus of females of - -Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis + +Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis sp. nov. (SEM): -A +A dorsal view, -B +B ventral view. Scale bars in -μm +μm . - + Pedal plates and dentate collar IV absent; instead large patches of pillars are present centrally on each leg (Fig. -12A +12A ). Pulvini faint. Papilla on leg I absent (Figs -12A +12A , -13 +13 , -16 +16 ) and papilla on leg IV present (Figs -12A +12A , -16 +16 , -17D +17D ). Claws I-IV of similar heights. External claws on all legs smooth. Internal claws with spurs positioned at ca. 1/5 of the claw height and directed downwards (Fig. -17 +17 ). - - -Figure 16. + + +Figure 16. Habitus of females of - -Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis + +Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis sp. nov. (SEM) in lateral view. Scale bars in -μm +μm . - - -Figure 17. + + +Figure 17. Claws of - -Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis + +Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis sp. nov.: -A +A claws I (PCM), -B +B claws II (SEM), -C +C claws III (PCM), -D +D claws IV with papilla (SEM). Scale bars in -μm +μm . - -Mature males + +Mature males (i.e. from the second or third instar onwards; measurements in Table -10 +10 ). Clearly smaller than females (compare Tables -9 +9 , -10 +10 ). The posterior margin of the pseudosegmental plate -IV' +IV' bears two weakly developed lobes joined at their bases (Fig. -12B, C +12B, C ). Gonopore circular. - - -Table 10. + + +Table 10. Measurements [in -µm +µm ] of selected morphological structures of mature males of - -Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis + +Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis sp. nov. mounted in -Hoyer's +Hoyer's medium (N - number of specimens/structures measured, Range refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD - standard deviation). - - - - - - - - - + +
CharacterNRangeMeanSDAllotype
+ + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CharacterNRangeMeanSDAllotype
-µm +
+µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp
Body length6118-146 -605 +
Body length6118-146 +605 - -670 +- +670 137 -650 +137 +650 10 -24 +10 +24 146 -652 +146 +652
Scapular plate length617.6-22.4---21.1-1.8-22.4-
Scapular plate length617.6-22.4---21.1-1.8-22.4-
Head appendages lengths
Head appendages lengths
+
Cirrus -internus +internus 65.1-7.9 -23.9 +65.1-7.9 +23.9 - -36.9 +- +36.9 6.4 -30.7 +6.4 +30.7 1.0 -5.1 +1.0 +5.1 7.9 -35.3 +7.9 +35.3
Cephalic papilla63.5-4.9 -19.9 +
Cephalic papilla63.5-4.9 +19.9 - -23.0 +- +23.0 4.5 -21.2 +4.5 +21.2 0.5 -1.1 +0.5 +1.1 4.6 -20.5 +4.6 +20.5
+
Cirrus -externus +externus 58.0-10.0 -37.2 +58.0-10.0 +37.2 - -52.3 +- +52.3 9.3 -44.9 +9.3 +44.9 0.8 -5.5 +0.8 +5.5 ????
Clava63.5-4.6 -18.3 +
Clava63.5-4.6 +18.3 - -21.6 +- +21.6 4.1 -19.4 +4.1 +19.4 0.3 -1.2 +0.3 +1.2 4.1 -18.3 +4.1 +18.3
+
Cirrus -A +A 513.8-18.8 -73.2 +513.8-18.8 +73.2 - -85.9 +- +85.9 16.8 -79.9 +16.8 +79.9 2.0 -5.2 +2.0 +5.2 16.4 -73.2 +16.4 +73.2
+
Cirrus -A +A /Body length ratio 511%-14%---12%-1%-11%-511%-14%---12%-1%-11%-
Papilla on leg IV length61.7-2.4 -7.6 +
Papilla on leg IV length61.7-2.4 +7.6 - -11.2 +- +11.2 2.0 -9.5 +2.0 +9.5 0.2 -1.2 +0.2 +1.2 1.7 -7.6 +1.7 +7.6
Claw 1 heights
Claw 1 heights
Branch66.7-8.3 -30.9 +
Branch66.7-8.3 +30.9 - -38.1 +- +38.1 7.4 -35.1 +7.4 +35.1 0.6 -2.8 +0.6 +2.8 8.3 -37.1 +8.3 +37.1
Spur31.0-1.5 -4.7 +
Spur31.0-1.5 +4.7 - -7.0 +- +7.0 1.3 -6.0 +1.3 +6.0 0.3 -1.2 +0.3 +1.2 ????
Spur/branch length ratio314%-20%---18%-3%-?-
Spur/branch length ratio314%-20%---18%-3%-?-
Claw 2 heights
Claw 2 heights
Branch66.2-7.5 -29.1 +
Branch66.2-7.5 +29.1 - -35.2 +- +35.2 6.9 -33.0 +6.9 +33.0 0.5 -2.3 +0.5 +2.3 7.2 -32.1 +7.2 +32.1
Spur51.1-1.5 -5.2 +
Spur51.1-1.5 +5.2 - -7.4 +- +7.4 1.3 -6.3 +1.3 +6.3 0.2 -1.0 +0.2 +1.0 1.5 -6.7 +1.5 +6.7
Spur/branch length ratio515%-21%---19%-3%-21%-
Spur/branch length ratio515%-21%---19%-3%-21%-
Claw 3 heights
Claw 3 heights
Branch66.3-7.2 -29.6 +
Branch66.3-7.2 +29.6 - -35.8 +- +35.8 6.8 -32.6 +6.8 +32.6 0.4 -2.1 +0.4 +2.1 7.1 -31.7 +7.1 +31.7
Spur31.2-1.5 -5.4 +
Spur31.2-1.5 +5.4 - -6.7 +- +6.7 1.3 -6.1 +1.3 +6.1 0.2 -0.7 +0.2 +0.7 1.5 -6.7 +1.5 +6.7
Spur/branch length ratio318%-21%---19%-2%-21%-
Spur/branch length ratio318%-21%---19%-2%-21%-
Claw 4 heights
Claw 4 heights
Branch66.6-8.1 -31.3 +
Branch66.6-8.1 +31.3 - -37.7 +- +37.7 7.5 -35.9 +7.5 +35.9 0.6 -2.8 +0.6 +2.8 7.0 -31.3 +7.0 +31.3
Spur21.5-1.5 -6.7 +
Spur21.5-1.5 +6.7 - -7.0 +- +7.0 1.5 -6.8 +1.5 +6.8 0.0 -0.2 +0.0 +0.2 1.5 -6.7 +1.5 +6.7
Spur/branch length ratio219%-21%---20%-2%-21%-
Spur/branch length ratio219%-21%---20%-2%-21%-
- -Juveniles + +Juveniles (i.e. from the second instar onwards; measurements in Table -11 +11 ). Morphometric gap exists between adult females and juveniles. Qualitatively similar to adults. Gonopore absent. - - -Table 11. + + +Table 11. Measurements [in -µm +µm ] of selected morphological structures of juveniles of - -Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis + +Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis sp. nov. mounted in -Hoyer's +Hoyer's medium (N - number of specimens/structures measured, Range refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD - standard deviation). - - - - - - - - + +
CharacterNRangeMeanSD
+ + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CharacterNRangeMeanSD
-µm +
+µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp -µm + +µm -sp + +sp
Body length5115-129 -635 +
Body length5115-129 +635 - -726 +- +726 124 -672 +124 +672 5 -33 +5 +33
Scapular plate length517.5-19.3---18.4-0.7-
Scapular plate length517.5-19.3---18.4-0.7-
Head appendages lengths
Head appendages lengths
+
Cirrus -internus +internus 55.2-6.9 -27.8 +55.2-6.9 +27.8 - -38.1 +- +38.1 5.9 -32.3 +5.9 +32.3 0.7 -4.4 +0.7 +4.4
Cephalic papilla53.4-3.9 -17.6 +
Cephalic papilla53.4-3.9 +17.6 - -21.2 +- +21.2 3.5 -19.3 +3.5 +19.3 0.2 -1.4 +0.2 +1.4
+
Cirrus -externus +externus 56.9-7.8 -38.1 +56.9-7.8 +38.1 - -42.3 +- +42.3 7.5 -40.7 +7.5 +40.7 0.4 -1.6 +0.4 +1.6
Clava52.8-3.9 -15.0 +
Clava52.8-3.9 +15.0 - -21.2 +- +21.2 3.3 -18.0 +3.3 +18.0 0.5 -2.7 +0.5 +2.7
+
Cirrus -A +A 512.7-16.4 -65.8 +512.7-16.4 +65.8 - -89.1 +- +89.1 14.3 -77.7 +14.3 +77.7 1.9 -10.0 +1.9 +10.0
+
Cirrus -A +A /Body length ratio 510%-13%---12%-2%-510%-13%---12%-2%-
Papilla on leg IV length41.5-2.0 -8.0 +
Papilla on leg IV length41.5-2.0 +8.0 - -10.9 +- +10.9 1.8 -9.5 +1.8 +9.5 0.3 -1.4 +0.3 +1.4
Claw 1 heights
Claw 1 heights
Branch56.1-6.4 -33.2 +
Branch56.1-6.4 +33.2 - -34.9 +- +34.9 6.3 -34.0 +6.3 +34.0 0.1 -0.8 +0.1 +0.8
Spur21.2-1.3 -6.2 +
Spur21.2-1.3 +6.2 - -7.4 +- +7.4 1.3 -6.8 +1.3 +6.8 0.1 -0.9 +0.1 +0.9
Spur/branch length ratio219%-21%---20%-2%-
Spur/branch length ratio219%-21%---20%-2%-
Claw 2 heights
Claw 2 heights
Branch55.2-5.8 -28.0 +
Branch55.2-5.8 +28.0 - -31.5 +- +31.5 5.6 -30.3 +5.6 +30.3 0.3 -1.5 +0.3 +1.5
Spur31.3-1.4 -6.7 +
Spur31.3-1.4 +6.7 - -7.6 +- +7.6 1.3 -7.1 +1.3 +7.1 0.1 -0.5 +0.1 +0.5
Spur/branch length ratio322%-24%---24%-1%-
Spur/branch length ratio322%-24%---24%-1%-
Claw 3 heights
Claw 3 heights
Branch55.6-6.4 -29.5 +
Branch55.6-6.4 +29.5 - -35.4 +- +35.4 6.0 -32.5 +6.0 +32.5 0.3 -2.6 +0.3 +2.6
Spur31.1-1.3 -5.7 +
Spur31.1-1.3 +5.7 - -7.1 +- +7.1 1.2 -6.5 +1.2 +6.5 0.1 -0.7 +0.1 +0.7
Spur/branch length ratio319%-21%---20%-1%-
Spur/branch length ratio319%-21%---20%-1%-
Claw 4 heights
Claw 4 heights
Branch56.4-6.9 -33.2 +
Branch56.4-6.9 +33.2 - -37.7 +- +37.7 6.6 -36.0 +6.6 +36.0 0.2 -1.9 +0.2 +1.9
Spur21.1-1.2 -6.0 +
Spur21.1-1.2 +6.0 - -6.6 +- +6.6 1.2 -6.3 +1.2 +6.3 0.1 -0.5 +0.1 +0.5
Spur/branch length ratio216%-18%---17%-2%-
Spur/branch length ratio216%-18%---17%-2%-
- -Larvae + +Larvae (i.e. the first instar; measurements in Table -12 +12 ). Morphometric gap exists between juveniles and larvae. Gonopore and anus absent. - - -Table 12. + + +Table 12. Measurements [in -µm +µm ] of selected morphological structures of larvae of - -Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis + +Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis sp. nov. mounted in -Hoyer's +Hoyer's medium (N - number of specimens/structures measured, Range refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD - standard deviation). - - - -
-Character + + + + - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Character -N + +N -Range + +Range -Mean + +Mean -SD + +SD
- -µm +
+ +µm -sp + +sp - -µm + + +µm -sp + +sp - -µm + + +µm -sp + +sp
Body length589-105 -603 +
Body length589-105 +603 - -699 +- +699 99 -643 +99 +643 6 -43 +6 +43
Scapular plate length514.3-17.4---15.5-1.4-
Scapular plate length514.3-17.4---15.5-1.4-
Head appendages lengths
Head appendages lengths
+
Cirrus -internus +internus 43.7-5.2 -25.9 +43.7-5.2 +25.9 - -30.6 +- +30.6 4.5 -28.7 +4.5 +28.7 0.6 -2.1 +0.6 +2.1
Cephalic papilla52.8-3.6 -17.2 +
Cephalic papilla52.8-3.6 +17.2 - -25.2 +- +25.2 3.2 -21.1 +3.2 +21.1 0.4 -3.6 +0.4 +3.6
+
Cirrus -externus +externus 55.2-6.6 -31.9 +55.2-6.6 +31.9 - -45.5 +- +45.5 5.7 -37.3 +5.7 +37.3 0.6 -6.0 +0.6 +6.0
Clava52.5-3.4 -14.4 +
Clava52.5-3.4 +14.4 - -20.5 +- +20.5 2.7 -17.6 +2.7 +17.6 0.4 -2.2 +0.4 +2.2
+
Cirrus -A +A 410.3-14.2 -59.8 +410.3-14.2 +59.8 - -99.3 +- +99.3 11.7 -75.8 +11.7 +75.8 1.8 -18.6 +1.8 +18.6
+
Cirrus -A +A /Body length ratio 410%-14%---12%-2%-410%-14%---12%-2%-
Papilla on leg IV length41.1-1.5 -6.6 +
Papilla on leg IV length41.1-1.5 +6.6 - -9.1 +- +9.1 1.3 -8.3 +1.3 +8.3 0.2 -1.1 +0.2 +1.1
Claw 1 heights
Claw 1 heights
Branch55.0-5.9 -30.7 +
Branch55.0-5.9 +30.7 - -38.1 +- +38.1 5.4 -35.0 +5.4 +35.0 0.4 -3.0 +0.4 +3.0
Spur41.0-1.6 -6.0 +
Spur41.0-1.6 +6.0 - -11.2 +- +11.2 1.2 -8.2 +1.2 +8.2 0.3 -2.2 +0.3 +2.2
Spur/branch length ratio420%-30%---23%-4%-
Spur/branch length ratio420%-30%---23%-4%-
Claw 2 heights
Claw 2 heights
Branch54.6-5.1 -28.7 +
Branch54.6-5.1 +28.7 - -35.0 +- +35.0 5.0 -32.2 +5.0 +32.2 0.2 -2.7 +0.2 +2.7
Spur50.9-1.5 -6.1 +
Spur50.9-1.5 +6.1 - -10.5 +- +10.5 1.1 -7.4 +1.1 +7.4 0.2 -1.8 +0.2 +1.8
Spur/branch length ratio518%-30%---23%-5%-
Spur/branch length ratio518%-30%---23%-5%-
Claw 3 heights
Claw 3 heights
Branch54.7-5.3 -29.5 +
Branch54.7-5.3 +29.5 - -36.4 +- +36.4 5.0 -32.1 +5.0 +32.1 0.3 -2.6 +0.3 +2.6
Spur20.9-1.0 -6.2 +
Spur20.9-1.0 +6.2 - -6.8 +- +6.8 1.0 -6.5 +1.0 +6.5 0.1 -0.4 +0.1 +0.4
Spur/branch length ratio219%-21%---20%-2%-
Spur/branch length ratio219%-21%---20%-2%-
Claw 4 heights
Claw 4 heights
Branch55.4-6.2 -32.5 +
Branch55.4-6.2 +32.5 - -43.4 +- +43.4 5.7 -37.1 +5.7 +37.1 0.4 -4.0 +0.4 +4.0
Spur11.3-1.3 -8.8 +
Spur11.3-1.3 +8.8 - -8.8 +- +8.8 1.3 -8.8 +1.3 +8.8 ????
Spur/branch length ratio124%-24%---24%-?-
Spur/branch length ratio124%-24%---24%-?-
- -Eggs + +Eggs . One egg per exuviae was found in few examined exuviae. - -DNA sequences and phylogenetic position. - + +DNA sequences and phylogenetic position. + Single haplotypes in 18S rRNA (MW031972), 28S rRNA (MW032061), and ITS-1 (MW032151) were found. - -Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis + +Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis sp. nov. has no close relatives according to the phylogeny presented in -Gasiorek +Gasiorek et al. (2020) (see fig. 2 therein), constituting a separate evolutionary lineage within the subgenus -Pseudechiniscus Meridioniscus +Pseudechiniscus Meridioniscus . - -Phenotypic differential diagnosis. - + +Phenotypic differential diagnosis. + The species must be compared to other members of - -Meridioniscus + +Meridioniscus with no projections on the pseudosegmental plate -IV' +IV' or with rudimentarily developed projections. - -Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis + +Pseudechiniscus mascarenensis sp. nov. is differentiated from: - + P. angelusalasRoszkowska et al., 2020, described from Madagascar, by the body length (151-177 -μm +μm in females of P. mascarenensis sp. nov. vs 113-143 -μm +μm in females of P. angelusalas), the cirrus A/body length ratio (9-13% in females of P. mascarenensis sp. nov. vs 19-22% in females of P. angelusalas), and by the division of the pseudosegmental plate -IV' +IV' (undivided in P. mascarenensis sp. nov. vs with median longitudinal suture in P. angelusalas); - + P. dastychiRoszkowska et al., 2020, described from the Argentine Islands (maritime Antarctic), by the presence of males (present in P. mascarenensis sp. nov. vs absent in P. dastychi), and by the division of the pseudosegmental plate -IV' +IV' (undivided in P. mascarenensis sp. nov. vs with median longitudinal suture in P. dastychi); - + P. indistinctusRoszkowska et al., 2020, described from Norway, by the division of the pseudosegmental plate -IV' +IV' (undivided in P. mascarenensis sp. nov. vs with median longitudinal suture in P. indistinctus), and by the presence of males (present in P. mascarenensis sp. nov. vs absent in P. indistinctus); - + P. santomensisFontoura et al., 2010, considered endemic to the island -Sao -Tome +Sao +Tome (Gulf of Guinea), by the presence of males (present in P. mascarenensis sp. nov. vs absent in P. santomensis), and the morphology of the posterior margin of pseudosegmental plate -IV' +IV' in females (smooth in P. mascarenensis sp. nov. vs with two projections in P. santomensis, as in males of P. mascarenensis sp. nov.); overall, these two species are most similar within the genus. - + Moreover, only the ventral sculpturing pattern of - -P. santomensis + +P. santomensis resembles that of - -P. mascarenensis + +P. mascarenensis sp. nov.; the remaining species have a very different ventral arrangement of pillars. - -Pseudechiniscus juanitae + +Pseudechiniscus juanitae de Barros, 1939 should be treated as unidentifiable due to the lack of knowledge on its morphology ( -Grobys et al. 2020 +Grobys et al. 2020 ), although one attempt was made to characterise this species based on individuals from Central America ( -Pilato and Lisi 2006 +Pilato and Lisi 2006 ; -Tumanov 2020 +Tumanov 2020 ), whereas its -locus typicus +locus typicus lies in Brazil. Consequently, it is not included within the differential diagnosis.