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<mods:title>Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Malaxideae), a new species from Xizang, China</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="058FBE9298D132F009CD0ADFC5E8DDD5">Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Malaxideae), a new species from Xizang, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Ya, Ji-Dong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Guo, Yong-Jie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Cheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Cai, Jie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Dong, Gui-Jun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Jiang, Hong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Li, De-Zhu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159319504" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B2F8158A2985C56B26ACAFA4ECBFDB1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B2F8158A2985C56B26ACAFA4ECBFDB1" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName LSID="7B2F8158-A298-5C56-B26A-CAFA4ECBFDB1" authority="J. D. Ya, Y. J. Guo & C. Liu" authorityName="J. D. Ya, Y. J. Guo & C. Liu" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Bulbophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reflexipetalum" status="sp. nov.">Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum J.D.Ya, Y.J.Guo & C.Liu</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="33">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum sp. nov. A habitat B plant C inflorescence D front view of flower E lateral view of flower F dorsal view of flower G adaxial sepals and petals H abaxial sepals and petals I lateral view of column and lip J bract K front view of column L dorsal view of labellum M front view of labellum N dorsal view of pollinarium O front view of pollinarium P lateral view of pollinarium Q abaxial anther cap R adaxial anther cap (Photographed by J. - D. Ya)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.130.34153.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/327602" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum sp. nov. A plant B inflorescence C front view of flower D lateral view of flower E adaxial sepals and petals F front view of labellum G dorsal view of labellum H lateral view of column and lip I front view of column J bract K lateral view of pollinarium L front view of pollinarium M dorsal view of pollinarium N abaxial anther cap O adaxial anther cap (Drawn by Rong-Mei Zhang)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.130.34153.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/327603" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">, 2</figureCitation>
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<treatment id="7B2F8158A2985C56B26ACAFA4ECBFDB1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159319504" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B2F8158A2985C56B26ACAFA4ECBFDB1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B2F8158A2985C56B26ACAFA4ECBFDB1" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" scope_family="Orchidaceae">
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<subSubSection id="260882E20456EE738AEBC8BE708F3048" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A5D4BEDC37DA1F2F3D5A631DB03795EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="DFBD24090BA65F6A65D327C1A97055A9" ID-CoL="8XW66" LSID="7B2F8158-A298-5C56-B26A-CAFA4ECBFDB1" authority="J. D. Ya, Y. J. Guo & C. Liu" authorityName="J. D. Ya, Y. J. Guo & C. Liu" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Bulbophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reflexipetalum" status="sp. nov.">Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum J.D.Ya, Y.J.Guo & C.Liu</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="78323AC1E4037D5E6356A477ACB130EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="4026B08EECD19985DA79CE27D4F82953" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum sp. nov. A habitat B plant C inflorescence D front view of flower E lateral view of flower F dorsal view of flower G adaxial sepals and petals H abaxial sepals and petals I lateral view of column and lip J bract K front view of column L dorsal view of labellum M front view of labellum N dorsal view of pollinarium O front view of pollinarium P lateral view of pollinarium Q abaxial anther cap R adaxial anther cap (Photographed by J. - D. Ya)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.130.34153.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/327602" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="4F7CC7B725F47B00DE094A135C587C18" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum sp. nov. A plant B inflorescence C front view of flower D lateral view of flower E adaxial sepals and petals F front view of labellum G dorsal view of labellum H lateral view of column and lip I front view of column J bract K lateral view of pollinarium L front view of pollinarium M dorsal view of pollinarium N abaxial anther cap O adaxial anther cap (Drawn by Rong-Mei Zhang)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.130.34153.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/327603" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">, 2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. D. Ya, Y. J. Guo & C. Liu" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Bulbophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reflexipetalum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum</emphasis>
|
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<subSubSection id="BA0E8511D42DCA4A8EB909141E83DA93" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="ED9B20D9968BED8E70D4FF9CABD097B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CB337B04503B2744E9691896CF8F3037" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
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||||
<taxonomicName id="6B5B3811A6A161B8DB03505E274AD505" authorityName="J. D. Ya, Y. J. Guo & C. Liu" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Bulbophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reflexipetalum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6C276E702E14209411E122B2D9978516" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is similar to
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||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. salweenensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="salweenensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">B. salweenensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="605CE1604169409A47343ECE82EC3B78" lsidName="B. salweenensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="salweenensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="93656A48626081B05B620A60A3EFB175" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">B. salweenensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
X.H. Jin,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. umbellatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="umbellatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">B. umbellatum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BF6BC51C97193330AE87DBD9B68A2B58" lsidName="B. umbellatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="umbellatum">
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||||
<emphasis id="804F6D7D6FA74D894B5278823CA2E117" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">B. umbellatum</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Lindley and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. guttulatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="guttulatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">B. guttulatum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8212BB46B13128A20FBFF4F57C09636B" lsidName="B. guttulatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="guttulatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C3EA975B7913481B15D3725728E64106" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">B. guttulatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(J. D. Hooker) N. P. Balakrishnan in terms of morphological structure and shape of the flowers. The new species can be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. salweenensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="salweenensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">B. salweenensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C0C889FA0365257C9A78A8E6BFF49C6E" lsidName="B. salweenensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="salweenensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DAC5FBA6F5F7794EAC95AF03C46A57C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">B. salweenensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the absence of sheaths on the pseudobulbs and rhizome, scape longer than leaf and petals apex mucronate. It can be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. umbellatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="umbellatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">B. umbellatum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="63A9409B2BED9F38718A0413DC6DDABA" lsidName="B. umbellatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="umbellatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A86AD1841ADBE23F37F0839EF0FD8CB2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">B. umbellatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with smaller and flattened void or ovoid-conic pseudobulbs, shorter leaf blade, petals apex caudate. In addition, the new species can be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. guttulatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="guttulatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">B. guttulatum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B834140AA0CAC0B7A25A2DD7911038E7" lsidName="B. guttulatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="guttulatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="37DF03738F88FB7B25024047E33A0866" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">B. guttulatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with leaf blade oblong and apex emarginated, shorter pedicel and ovary, lip papillae with a single longitudinal ridge.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Type.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="411FA03CF2147C4648C57E3A8C316E1B" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6BFF3BD4CA1017CAD13CA6D237E5AB6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Type.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="12CD2C9AF2185A3B9ACCF4B1F9CB4CE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
CHINA. Xizang Autonomous Region: Motuo, subtropical, evergreen broad-leaved forest, 1378 m, 17 Mar 2016,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">J.-D. Ya, Y.-J. Guo, Q.-R. Zhang 18HT1419</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E5F1D3EC93310AFCB6E27FDBBFD48E28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">J.-D. Ya, Y.-J. Guo, Q.-R. Zhang 18HT1419</emphasis>
|
||||
(holotype: KUN!).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F391ACE1A6E3EAD79828DED92011EE0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6C78506709332BB11AC9183DB7423D41" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DEA98A28C7E1C47D49392BA92401B1E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
Epiphytic herbs. Rhizome creeping and rooting, 3-4 mm in diam. Roots arising from the nodes, 0.5-1.5 mm in diam. Pseudobulbs often 1-2 cm apart on rhizome, flattened ovoid or ovoid-conic, ca. 10-16
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A616CE6ED9AFC60032BC6DCA7002B3E7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
8-15 mm, with a terminal leaf. Leaf blade oblong, 50-65
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4D10C45476C8856809314016D4858C27" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
15-20 mm, leathery, apex obtuse and emarginate, base narrowing into a petiole; petiole 10-20 mm. Scape arising from the base of pseudobulb, 13-20 cm long, longer than leaf; umbellate, often 3-4-flowered; peduncle ca. 1.5 mm in diam, with 3 tubular sheaths; floral bract lanceolate, acuminate, concave, ca. 6.3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A0F9DDF3D49B2C47CEB6E75599DD497F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2.0 mm; peduncle and ovary ca. 10-15 mm long. Flowers greenish yellow, sepals and petals with dark brown spots; lip greenish yellow, adaxially with dark brown spots or patches. Dorsal sepal ovate, concave, apex obtuse, base with 1 dentate on each side, ca. 8.10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="657547393EB9E67688B10B8E27B82F41" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
4.95 mm, 5-veined; lateral sepals falcate-lanceolate, base adnate to column foot, twisted inward near base, ca. 10.30
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="145DFE1CB0D5EB75597CEF191D224056" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
5.26 mm, 5-veined; Petals reflexed, broadly ovate-triangular, ca. 3.23
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C40F8270762A7F11276F8457B7DA1928" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2.52 mm, 1-veined, margin entire, apex mucronate; lip deflexed, triangular-lingulate, ca. 4.02
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2882007F372AA67684EC24676EB804DC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2.94 mm, base subcordate with papillae on the edge, margin revolute, apex obtuse, adaxially with a longitudinal ridge from base to apex, abaxially with a longitudinal groove; column ca. 3.25 mm, with deltoid, rounded wings along lower margins, stelidia deltoid, ca. 1 mm, foot ca. 6.86 mm, apex attached to lip; anther cap subglobose with many longitudinal lamellae when dry. pollinia 4, in 2 pairs, 0.72-0.93 mm, yellow, ovate, waxy, attached to sticky substance. Fl.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="February–March">February-March</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="38DCD3E93307EEF105D5E14C9B5A793B" originalValue="February–March">February-March</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EBA2A5B3E66E4356091C1EE384B9BC07" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8584D79375BC75A3F52DBBC939D330DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2B98AA422D507C9CAA39343BB0BB4583" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
The specific epithet "
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="reflexipetalum" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="reflexipetalum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">reflexipetalum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6D47E88F20F5D4362C4B6B26AD9094C6" lsidName="reflexipetalum" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="reflexipetalum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="73F9A33DAB79AAA2B686B14527B2BBA0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">reflexipetalum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
" refers to reflexed petals of this new species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="vernacular name">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Vernacular name.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C9A34229D4746C3284BC272B6D081613" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="vernacular name">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6E5EC2825797697E05CFEFD69B55F647" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Vernacular name.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="207AACC665DDB2FCA66F30F0292E01F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
Fan Ban Juan Ban Lan (Chinese pronunciation);
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="反瓣卷瓣兰">反瓣卷瓣兰</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3BD14628E6B77D20F8664A86AD57293F" originalValue="反瓣卷瓣兰">反瓣卷瓣兰</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(Chinese name).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. D. Ya, Y. J. Guo & C. Liu" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Bulbophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reflexipetalum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="038EE669BAB0F95D6318A1C38DC56EB8" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A3DC925339EC8F0A09D919F904F2A33B" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DCEE5B8D1BC6CCA24BE2A877AC2FF04D" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50160D536C86399E354155E9D6CE3967" authorityName="J. D. Ya, Y. J. Guo & C. Liu" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Bulbophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reflexipetalum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D189D0FCD79001DA3E948A469CA48C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is currently known only from the type locality of Motuo, Southeast Xizang, China. It is a predominantly epiphytic species that grows on tree trunks, under broadleaf evergreen forest at the elevation between 1300 m and 1400 m.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="conservation status">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A37651428729E627B753228E996B9711" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="conservation status">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BEF264B784EDD644C4C5D3B855BE2BEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CE5A19D10FEC87C34AB21696DB8BAD4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
During our 2-weeks field survey, only 2 populations were found. As this new species may also grow in the broadleaf evergreen forest of vicinity region, we regard its status as Data Deficient (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B3" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1 (2nd edn). IUCN, Gland." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1 (2 nd edn). IUCN, Gland." year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3F31FD81BEF4154DC4B6F4B500BF71AC" author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B3" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1 (2nd edn). IUCN, Gland." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1 (2 nd edn). IUCN, Gland." year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3487794" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.130.34153.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/327602" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. D. Ya, Y. J. Guo & C. Liu" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Bulbophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reflexipetalum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="B79DE209A82521C18E5EA3B34B51C9A0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3487794" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.130.34153.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/327602" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="002127D5F716FCBD788352143570BE9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F8F6FF726D9CE810779E05E894136C24" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="243B4927D517777E7DF8F9A0249887F5" authorityName="J. D. Ya, Y. J. Guo & C. Liu" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Bulbophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reflexipetalum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="94BEC5A43FD32134F245E3E72253C17C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6405DC21445DF70E0FD1B3BE51C0DF20" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">A</emphasis>
|
||||
habitat
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5B15A5F2E7A8B5D071392758E9439E41" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">B</emphasis>
|
||||
plant
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="4246BD4285BC35D7B598DB602482ECA5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis>
|
||||
inflorescence
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6BB347725A7E24F48F9A876AC614706B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">D</emphasis>
|
||||
front view of flower
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F666B3BA685BBE530AC4939C4F9E0403" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">E</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral view of flower
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B6D918B6407B3CEAB2C8927BCB981D5C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">F</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal view of flower
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="AE647C68A509683AAA39D4FE9321161E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">G</emphasis>
|
||||
adaxial sepals and petals
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="44CBF2784C49DB6D9D78CDC2B93FB314" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">H</emphasis>
|
||||
abaxial sepals and petals
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">I</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E47680865A93E5087FFC007CC8462B27" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">I</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral view of column and lip
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">J</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6EF804DF2077A3B9EB420ADEA93ED893" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">J</emphasis>
|
||||
bract
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">K</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3CF6EFEE499752FDC80FECA8E083B125" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">K</emphasis>
|
||||
front view of column
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">L</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="01917D2AF00290B1A3CA148DC5F79CBD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">L</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal view of labellum
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">M</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F6E23C6CF711C2B5B51DE0240288C363" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">M</emphasis>
|
||||
front view of labellum
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">N</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="2E3028E0A821AA381C2C2D1E67D4F699" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">N</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal view of pollinarium
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">O</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BBEC3F09CA9EA06C5BF8525A2A386BC8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">O</emphasis>
|
||||
front view of pollinarium
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">P</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BC997F7D583EEE9B63D257B0A09617F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">P</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral view of pollinarium
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Q</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DD29905D7D6B31E6C0F28B7AF0901F06" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Q</emphasis>
|
||||
abaxial anther cap
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">R</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="2689BBA9CD24C130B98CA5307919F36A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">R</emphasis>
|
||||
adaxial anther cap (Photographed by J.-D. Ya).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3487796" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.130.34153.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/327603" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. D. Ya, Y. J. Guo & C. Liu" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Bulbophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reflexipetalum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="4946DCED6EE599F624027CB76086F4BD" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3487796" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.130.34153.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/327603" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B9DECF594616F11C604FE19668C96D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6A6B9616D0A0A07E37E64AB07EB85E84" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AA4C2B14DCDD9AFA988621FBBC1B3B2B" authorityName="J. D. Ya, Y. J. Guo & C. Liu" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Bulbophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reflexipetalum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C9593E7FB40F12AFE8C369D2FDD75C77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="70C48D637889362FB2AE9D441A0947DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">A</emphasis>
|
||||
plant
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CA01FB590BE3454032F179DE3B5DDE10" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">B</emphasis>
|
||||
inflorescence
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="31C4AF0AD1EE65EAE2BB232D99086796" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis>
|
||||
front view of flower
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="AE167BFB591D381D222F80E352B8F393" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">D</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral view of flower
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F1BB34343CD2330F2D043FFB80EFB5B2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">E</emphasis>
|
||||
adaxial sepals and petals
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7765478192914BC0BFF8804E4801DD38" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">F</emphasis>
|
||||
front view of labellum
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="023D3AE8853213077B21B52F8A094D64" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">G</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal view of labellum
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1506E9F8F2D161212BE1D3CE4F3E6B20" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">H</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral view of column and lip
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">I</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1E4D47EDF196A305EAA1B287BF59D67E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">I</emphasis>
|
||||
front view of column
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">J</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="AD6862D8D694640FA1AD0C6071F79094" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">J</emphasis>
|
||||
bract
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">K</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0135BF3EB951BCAA23CCF456EF12C0A1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">K</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral view of pollinarium
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">L</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A6D9BEDB75B6E50F7261A43774130594" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">L</emphasis>
|
||||
front view of pollinarium
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">M</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="ABFAA987DD81495734467B31750C0362" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">M</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal view of pollinarium
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">N</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1D221B5D216F2259A7A8B05EDD1FA5C6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">N</emphasis>
|
||||
abaxial anther cap
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">O</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="265C0FA779BFC5208A80B5D4C426644C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">O</emphasis>
|
||||
adaxial anther cap (Drawn by Rong-Mei Zhang).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,373 +1,373 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6149797" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114926729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6149797" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:67E76402-2B97-4733-856F-ED3A7A1822AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B9D03DB6AB5D0037A26F8758A17B449" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="0" pageNumber="301">
|
||||
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|
||||
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:67E76402-2B97-4733-856F-ED3A7A1822AC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:67E76402-2B97-4733-856F-ED3A7A1822AC" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Polioptila attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel>new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<treatment id="7B9D03DB6AB5D0037A26F8758A17B449" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6149797" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114926729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6149797" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:67E76402-2B97-4733-856F-ED3A7A1822AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B9D03DB6AB5D0037A26F8758A17B449" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" scope_class="Aves" scope_family="Polioptilidae">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="718655D99FCFE02936D7520D913E27B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C29119F0C8BB97D464681A94B77C6E59" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" type="mainText">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="099B783D413BB47FADB07D9B828D84D0" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:67E76402-2B97-4733-856F-ED3A7A1822AC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:67E76402-2B97-4733-856F-ED3A7A1822AC" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Polioptila attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8AAE3468BB8F8E0DE2E56A15773271B">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="301" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="301" type="mainText">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4B3B7CD95A23DAB50628276FE2CF13C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A8AB6105CCF41AC5173D5B8D5C48914F" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" type="mainText">
|
||||
Inambari Gnatcatcher
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="balança-rabo-do-inambari" pageId="0" pageNumber="301">balanca-rabo-do-inambari</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="542ABD3C8D6D4D7D71494C11DCCFE37E" originalValue="balança-rabo-do-inambari" pageId="0" pageNumber="301">balanca-rabo-do-inambari</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(Portuguese)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="301" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="301" type="mainText">
|
||||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1227780547" collectingDate="2013-01-01" collectingDateMax="2013-12-31" collectingDateMin="2013-01-01" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="AW" country="Brazil" latitude="-4.083388" location="Tupana Lodge, located at km 158 of the BR- 319 road in the municipality of Careiro" longitude="-60.6605 " pageId="0" pageNumber="301" specimenCode="63204, TUP 010" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="301">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
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|
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|
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<materialsCitation id="97C40A7D7C69CAEFFD2BB1E5EE70D639" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1227780547" collectingDate="2013-01-01" collectingDateMax="2013-12-31" collectingDateMin="2013-01-01" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="AW" country="Brazil" latitude="-4.083388" location="Tupana Lodge, located at km 158 of the BR- 319 road in the municipality of Careiro" longitude="-60.6605 " pageId="0" pageNumber="301" specimenCode="63204, TUP 010" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="CD46F65A566085E82500622A8AA62900" pageId="0" pageNumber="301">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
.- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (
|
||||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="301">MPEG</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="EFF1FF371C4BB6A8DB380BBD6F7F41D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="301">MPEG</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="301">63204</specimenCode>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="E434F8268E3331F164405F085C63A925" pageId="0" pageNumber="301">63204</specimenCode>
|
||||
, skin, adult male; skull 100% ossified; no Bursa of Fabricius; left testis 4x3 mm; 6 g; little fat and no molt. Collected (shot) and tape-recorded in a mixed-species canopy flock of insectivores in upland (terra-firme) sandy-soil forest by
|
||||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="301">AW</collectorName>
|
||||
<collectorName id="D1AFF1AC61021E686D9384C009B63660" pageId="0" pageNumber="301">AW</collectorName>
|
||||
on
|
||||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="301">5 July 2007</collectingDate>
|
||||
<collectingDate id="BD2081F42ABD53ACFCA504B57FB82C48" pageId="0" pageNumber="301">5 July 2007</collectingDate>
|
||||
at
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B9D03DB6AB5D0037A26F8758A17B449:B180D15F1D39EF021F752763164A2942" country="Brazil" name="Tupana Lodge, located at km 158 of the BR- 319 road in the municipality of Careiro" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" stateProvince="Amazonas">Tupana Lodge, located at km 158 of the BR-319 road in the municipality of Careiro</location>
|
||||
<location id="B180D15F1D39EF021F752763164A2942" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B9D03DB6AB5D0037A26F8758A17B449:B180D15F1D39EF021F752763164A2942" country="Brazil" name="Tupana Lodge, located at km 158 of the BR- 319 road in the municipality of Careiro" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" stateProvince="Amazonas">Tupana Lodge, located at km 158 of the BR-319 road in the municipality of Careiro</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion pageId="0" pageNumber="301">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="AD54286A1445AA9733DC2F6142B918C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="301">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="301">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="C936FBE5BC40C44FDA8D07A2986A92C7" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="301">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate pageId="0" pageNumber="301">04° 05' 00.2"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="4C8BB478D62F8132EACA438BA18B566B" pageId="0" pageNumber="301">04° 05' 00.2"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate pageId="0" pageNumber="301">60° 39' 37.8"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="A578AE89DE3A9A66FBCB8DD974ABCC8E" pageId="0" pageNumber="301">60° 39' 37.8"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
); prepared by AA and Manoel Santa-Brigida under field number
|
||||
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="301">TUP 010</specimenCode>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="78FC2F6B99A720BD58DDE3622C4DBF89" pageId="0" pageNumber="301">TUP 010</specimenCode>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B9D03DB6AB5D0037A26F8758A17B449:404F4CE35146A3DA752D36A1A56FB504" country="Brazil" name="Pectoral" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" stateProvince="Amazonas">Pectoral</location>
|
||||
<location id="404F4CE35146A3DA752D36A1A56FB504" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B9D03DB6AB5D0037A26F8758A17B449:404F4CE35146A3DA752D36A1A56FB504" country="Brazil" name="Pectoral" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" stateProvince="Amazonas">Pectoral</location>
|
||||
muscle tissue preserved in approximately 96% alcohol; field number
|
||||
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="301">TUP 010</specimenCode>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="28640408BD4CA9E93453591D2A0096D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="301">TUP 010</specimenCode>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B9D03DB6AB5D0037A26F8758A17B449:28AFFC6DE7AAC4EE9C8447A4EC5197E2" country="Brazil" name="Hologenetype" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" stateProvince="Amazonas">Hologenetype</location>
|
||||
<location id="28AFFC6DE7AAC4EE9C8447A4EC5197E2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B9D03DB6AB5D0037A26F8758A17B449:28AFFC6DE7AAC4EE9C8447A4EC5197E2" country="Brazil" name="Hologenetype" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" stateProvince="Amazonas">Hologenetype</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B9D03DB6AB5D0037A26F8758A17B449:8610B4A889D4D29CC78536547874825C" country="Brazil" name="Chakrabarty" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" stateProvince="Amazonas">Chakrabarty</location>
|
||||
<location id="8610B4A889D4D29CC78536547874825C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B9D03DB6AB5D0037A26F8758A17B449:8610B4A889D4D29CC78536547874825C" country="Brazil" name="Chakrabarty" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" stateProvince="Amazonas">Chakrabarty</location>
|
||||
2010) sequences of the mitochondrial gene NADH subunit 2 (1041 bp) deposited in
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B9D03DB6AB5D0037A26F8758A17B449:37001525AAFB33D42743F97E8091DBA6" country="Brazil" name="GenBank" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" stateProvince="Amazonas">GenBank</location>
|
||||
<location id="37001525AAFB33D42743F97E8091DBA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B9D03DB6AB5D0037A26F8758A17B449:37001525AAFB33D42743F97E8091DBA6" country="Brazil" name="GenBank" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" stateProvince="Amazonas">GenBank</location>
|
||||
(accession number KC823272). Tape-recordings of vocalizations archived at the
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B9D03DB6AB5D0037A26F8758A17B449:DDE7A65283BD08A4732FA85AA9308BA8" country="Brazil" name="British Library of Maturai Sounds" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" stateProvince="Amazonas">British Library of Maturai Sounds</location>
|
||||
<location id="DDE7A65283BD08A4732FA85AA9308BA8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B9D03DB6AB5D0037A26F8758A17B449:DDE7A65283BD08A4732FA85AA9308BA8" country="Brazil" name="British Library of Maturai Sounds" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" stateProvince="Amazonas">British Library of Maturai Sounds</location>
|
||||
under accession number 183249 (available at
|
||||
<httpUri httpUri="http://www.bl.uk/listentonature/main.html">http://www.bl.uk/listentonature/main.html</httpUri>
|
||||
<httpUri id="E1AD621882311D2FC1AAF4F6550D7B6E" httpUri="http://www.bl.uk/listentonature/main.html">http://www.bl.uk/listentonature/main.html</httpUri>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" type="mainText">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1DC74AA62397383CFA0236BBFECD4357" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2D3A09462CE0BCCE454CFA5B275470F8" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" type="mainText">
|
||||
Diagnosis: Morphology.- Alphanumeric color designations determined through direct comparison with Smithe (1975). Both vocalizations (loudsongs and multi-note calls) and overall plumage, with males having no black on the head and possessing narrow rectrices with white on the outer three pairs but none on the three central pairs, clearly place
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="60E673ECD36AB6CD61B057E77379113A" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0ADAAED5A58B666C6A3522D550FC4FF3" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex. Adult males (no female specimens are available) of the new taxon are readily distinguished from males of all remaining taxa in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="73CA773CB88F04CD64293523C73EAAFB" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex by decisively darker plumbeous (color # 78) upperparts, chest, and lower throat, in these respects approaching
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facilis">P. facilis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2621E0A14DBE8BEF8F9ED2981534862F" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facilis">P. facilis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="18838F28434DBE0718FED720323CD92D" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Slate-throated Gnatcatcher), farther differing from the former by a thin, broken, white eye ring (nearly absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facilis">P. facilis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="365A0E91DE2855EA1017758FEEA61055" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facilis">P. facilis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), and from the latter by a significantly longer tail with white on the outer feathers and lack of any white in the head (see Table 1 in SI for a list of specimens examined). From
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2064BF492BF340D160950ECD3F03E50B" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, it also differs by a uniform slate throat and breast (instead of having a contrastingly paler whitish throat), and three outermost rectrices with extensive black bases, rather than nearly entirely white. In comparison with recently described
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clementsi">P. clementsi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3243B5AE73EC39A9FF8CA63E3A9C20A" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clementsi">P. clementsi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, it further differs by the greater extent of black bases on outer rectrices (covering approximately 20%, 60%, and 95% of the three outermost rectrices, respectively, in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="19F417006950C44029C374EF2E4E6630" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). From
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5D5BC7A58CB4099FA36EF4CF48FA01DD" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with which the new taxon shares the tail pattern, differentiated only by a much darker slate color of the upperparts. throat, and chest. Voice.- The loudsong of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="48213617307CF5C4CE00022E88B30703" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is most similar to that oiP.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D347BBBF51A38B3AB6C9344775A93C91" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in compri sing an evenly paced series of notes at a nearly level frequency, but pace is significantly slower and note shape (and thus, auditory quality) is subtly different. Furthermore,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6E7378D7BA6399C4CCAEFEBDD0B1394A" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
possesses a distinctive "rasp" series delivered in the context of a complex song that is lacking (or perhaps only very rare?) in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9ABA7B3D58AA5E2F8517FBB0923D5745" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but shared with
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1C89B4E23AFADF86010BF8BC3A231C9C" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see Vocalizations, below). Genetic divergence.- Separated from its sister-species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C144DAB57EFAFF5B6AB0B5BA57CBBBC8" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, by approximately 3.9 % sequence divergence, and from the more distantly related
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CC87A2D6C5AE5FBED8ED7EEBB8BFD6D8" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3C9194DDAF4F83F2D18E11C9B1BE0C68" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, respectively, by 14.3% and 13.6% sequence divergence
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="302" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="9773887C6F2819DCBF3E64114B12543E" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
the mitochondrial gene NADH subunit 2 (see Phylogenetic relationships, below).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="mainText">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="18396DF4F0EEE7E75B1E1C089C07CF30" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="114D366D558664D46D6ECF946C092C5E" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="mainText">
|
||||
Distribution.- West of the Madeira and south of the
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solimôes" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Solimoes</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CA5D8BF9C9AE8C6251E5FF7C702804E7" originalValue="Solimôes" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Solimoes</normalizedToken>
|
||||
rivers in the Inambari area of endemism (Silva et al. 2005) in Brazil, where presently documented from only a few localities (Whitney and Alvarez 2005, Whittaker et al. 2008;
|
||||
<httpUri httpUri="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15083">Fig. 1</httpUri>
|
||||
<httpUri id="6FA09B7627E800DCD1229B0596F7B3DC" httpUri="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15083">Fig. 1</httpUri>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="mainText">Description of holotype.- See color illustration. Alphanumeric color designations determined through direct comparison with Smithe (1975). Head, nape, and mantle through uppertail coverts uniform plumbeous (color 78). White eye-ring, slightly broken at front and back edges. Throat and breast, including some posterior extension to sides, also plumbeous (lightest at the uppermost throat where a few suffused whitish feathers are found). Upper belly and posterior extension to flanks concolor with throat and chest; remaining underparts including undertail coverts white. Primaries and secondaries plumbeous (color 78), outer vanes of primaries finely edged with dark gray, inner vanes narrowly edged whitish. Alula and smaller, overlying feather blackish with thin whitish margin on outer vane; primary coverts same blackish but lacking whitish margins. Underwing coverts white. Tail unworn and distinctly graduated. Three inner pairs entirely blackish. Rectrix No. 4 mostly blackish with a white tip (about 95% blackish); No. 5 mostly blackish (ca. 60%), white towards the tip, mostly on the distal vane. Outer rectrices (pair No. 6) approximately 80% white with approximately basal 20% of proximal vanes blackish. Soft parts in life; Iris light brown/creamy; maxilla blackish gray; mandible light gray; tarsi and feet bluish gray. Standard measurements: Bill length (culmen from base at skull) 11.9 mm; bill width at anterior edge nares 3.2 mm; bill depth at anterior edge nares 2.5 mm; wing chord 46.7 mm; tail length 51.4 mm; tarsus length 12.5 mm; mass 6 g.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6BAC8A811998CA980CF54DEC8334D47" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="878A848E2FFF39457139A6F1603DC43B" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="mainText">Description of holotype.- See color illustration. Alphanumeric color designations determined through direct comparison with Smithe (1975). Head, nape, and mantle through uppertail coverts uniform plumbeous (color 78). White eye-ring, slightly broken at front and back edges. Throat and breast, including some posterior extension to sides, also plumbeous (lightest at the uppermost throat where a few suffused whitish feathers are found). Upper belly and posterior extension to flanks concolor with throat and chest; remaining underparts including undertail coverts white. Primaries and secondaries plumbeous (color 78), outer vanes of primaries finely edged with dark gray, inner vanes narrowly edged whitish. Alula and smaller, overlying feather blackish with thin whitish margin on outer vane; primary coverts same blackish but lacking whitish margins. Underwing coverts white. Tail unworn and distinctly graduated. Three inner pairs entirely blackish. Rectrix No. 4 mostly blackish with a white tip (about 95% blackish); No. 5 mostly blackish (ca. 60%), white towards the tip, mostly on the distal vane. Outer rectrices (pair No. 6) approximately 80% white with approximately basal 20% of proximal vanes blackish. Soft parts in life; Iris light brown/creamy; maxilla blackish gray; mandible light gray; tarsi and feet bluish gray. Standard measurements: Bill length (culmen from base at skull) 11.9 mm; bill width at anterior edge nares 3.2 mm; bill depth at anterior edge nares 2.5 mm; wing chord 46.7 mm; tail length 51.4 mm; tarsus length 12.5 mm; mass 6 g.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="mainText">Etymology.- The new taxon is named in honor of Sir David Frederick Attenborough who has long been a mentor to many generations of ornithologists. Sir David has become a worldwide household name with countless magnificent TV natural history programs spanning almost 60 years, which he so passionately presents and narrates. Having had the honor of working with Sir David, one of us (AW) witnessed firsthand his endless passion and appreciation for nature. Sir David is best known for writing and presenting the nine Life Series with the BBC Natural History Unit, which collectively form a comprehensive survey of all life on our planet. He has succeeded like nobody else in captivating countless millions of television spectators worldwide, enabling them to appreciate and enjoy nature for the first time, and clearly highlighting the major perils facing our magnificent planet earth and its wildlife. Sir David has done an outstanding job documenting important current topics such as global warming and the alarming numbers of species that humans are driving towards extinction, and confirming the essential need for us to do a much better job of conserving our planet's precious nature for future generations to enjoy.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="mainText">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AC1CA439416DBB6B25589BCDDBD6271A" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6EB232026B145026047E86A67953BD54" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="mainText">Etymology.- The new taxon is named in honor of Sir David Frederick Attenborough who has long been a mentor to many generations of ornithologists. Sir David has become a worldwide household name with countless magnificent TV natural history programs spanning almost 60 years, which he so passionately presents and narrates. Having had the honor of working with Sir David, one of us (AW) witnessed firsthand his endless passion and appreciation for nature. Sir David is best known for writing and presenting the nine Life Series with the BBC Natural History Unit, which collectively form a comprehensive survey of all life on our planet. He has succeeded like nobody else in captivating countless millions of television spectators worldwide, enabling them to appreciate and enjoy nature for the first time, and clearly highlighting the major perils facing our magnificent planet earth and its wildlife. Sir David has done an outstanding job documenting important current topics such as global warming and the alarming numbers of species that humans are driving towards extinction, and confirming the essential need for us to do a much better job of conserving our planet's precious nature for future generations to enjoy.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8BBD1CEF76EDDBCB60D45B69819893B" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="mainText">
|
||||
The English and Portuguese names reference the center of endemism to which
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Polioptila attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="907048FFA8795A5F0F719B1A17520D4A" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Polioptila attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is restricted.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="mainText">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="mainText">
|
||||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1227780545" collectingDate="2013-01-01" collectingDateMax="2013-12-31" collectingDateMin="2013-01-01" collectionCode="MPEG, TUP, INPA" country="Brazil" location="" Campo da Catuquira ", ca. 240 km south of Manaus" specimenCode="MPEG 63203, TUP 003, INPA 2233" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BC1CA62D738F9B465D19D8F243AF0A55" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FB8E1EC86C4141C58304EE4E947F9684" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="mainText">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9B5917F91238FBCB009757BCAB347128" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="mainText">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="A200544BE089B3EDF64A7AB8CB265064" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1227780545" collectingDate="2013-01-01" collectingDateMax="2013-12-31" collectingDateMin="2013-01-01" collectionCode="MPEG, TUP, INPA" country="Brazil" location="" Campo da Catuquira ", ca. 240 km south of Manaus" specimenCode="MPEG 63203, TUP 003, INPA 2233" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
Type series.-
|
||||
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="7A4EDCAE2BFE1DD9B1B33BDCBAC70B28">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="42F122ED0D89BD56D1ECBA4D0097EF07" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are the following two specimens:
|
||||
<specimenCode>MPEG 63203</specimenCode>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="778D42EF38841ACEE2C7D26A642B85C4">MPEG 63203</specimenCode>
|
||||
: skin, adult male, left testis 6x4 mm, no molt, collected (shot) in the canopy of upland {terra firme) sandy-soil forest by AA on 4 July 2007 at the type locality and prepared by AA and Manoel Santa-Brigida under field number
|
||||
<specimenCode>TUP 003</specimenCode>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="ED9A8A39FA5D7DACBC78C202AA6296F7">TUP 003</specimenCode>
|
||||
. Tissue samples deposited at MPEG under field number
|
||||
<specimenCode>TUP 003</specimenCode>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="B63C998053A48EFB5C89E971305DF50F">TUP 003</specimenCode>
|
||||
. Mitochondrial gene NADH subunit 2 sequences deposited in GenBank (KC823273). Recordings of vocalizations archived at British Library of Natural Sounds under accession number 183249 (available at
|
||||
<httpUri httpUri="http://www.bl.uk/listentonature/main.html">http://www.bl.uk/listentonature/main.html</httpUri>
|
||||
<httpUri id="74C0FE11893DD109C53733E1177A1171" httpUri="http://www.bl.uk/listentonature/main.html">http://www.bl.uk/listentonature/main.html</httpUri>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1227780546" collectingDate="2013-01-01" collectingDateMax="2013-12-31" collectingDateMin="2013-01-01" collectionCode="INPA" country="Brazil" latitude="-4.91667" location="ca. 100 km to the southeast of the type locality in the Madeira-Purus interfluve" longitude="-61.11667" municipality="" Campo da Catuquira ", ca. 240 km south of Manaus" specimenCode="INPA 2233" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||||
<specimenCode>INPA 2233</specimenCode>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="F896A4EDCB4C3930BDE9AA18BF78C5C2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1227780546" collectingDate="2013-01-01" collectingDateMax="2013-12-31" collectingDateMin="2013-01-01" collectionCode="INPA" country="Brazil" latitude="-4.91667" location="ca. 100 km to the southeast of the type locality in the Madeira-Purus interfluve" longitude="-61.11667" municipality="" Campo da Catuquira ", ca. 240 km south of Manaus" specimenCode="INPA 2233" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="F9AF188E4A7C156642AD030EAADA2908">INPA 2233</specimenCode>
|
||||
: skin,
|
||||
<specimenCount type="adult">adult</specimenCount>
|
||||
<specimenCount type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
||||
<specimenCount id="6313B9271D395D90E292F4F70CAD63E2" type="adult">adult</specimenCount>
|
||||
<specimenCount id="AC86F048B35F09194B1CC38AFA25901B" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
||||
, left testis 6 x 5 mm, trace molt, no Bursa, skull 100% ossified, collected (shot) in the canopy of upland (terra firme) forest by Mario Cohn-Haft on
|
||||
<collectingDate>18 July 2007</collectingDate>
|
||||
<collectingDate id="95C27889DEFB99027E44E9CD0B5CF5F5">18 July 2007</collectingDate>
|
||||
at
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality country="Brazil" name="" Campo da Catuquira ", ca. 240 km south of Manaus" stateProvince="Amazonas">"Campo da Catuquira", ca. 240 km south of Manaus</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="DD5DDF068CEE5865BCBCD604D40574D0" country="Brazil" name="" Campo da Catuquira ", ca. 240 km south of Manaus" stateProvince="Amazonas">"Campo da Catuquira", ca. 240 km south of Manaus</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion>Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="A1AA8F0434E91679C8CBC25A29EF9FC2">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="18C55CD27DBC9F06CEB13F36565D7329" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(04° 55' S; 61° 07' W) and
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B9D03DB6AB5D0037A26F8758A17B449:8CA3C4DED2F776497FAF44468F38C827" country="Brazil" municipality="" Campo da Catuquira ", ca. 240 km south of Manaus" name="ca. 100 km to the southeast of the type locality in the Madeira-Purus interfluve" stateProvince="Amazonas">ca. 100 km to the southeast of the type locality in the Madeira-Purus interfluve</location>
|
||||
<location id="8CA3C4DED2F776497FAF44468F38C827" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B9D03DB6AB5D0037A26F8758A17B449:8CA3C4DED2F776497FAF44468F38C827" country="Brazil" municipality="" Campo da Catuquira ", ca. 240 km south of Manaus" name="ca. 100 km to the southeast of the type locality in the Madeira-Purus interfluve" stateProvince="Amazonas">ca. 100 km to the southeast of the type locality in the Madeira-Purus interfluve</location>
|
||||
;
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<specimenCount type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
|
||||
<specimenCount id="C83E53F5E8E39D522C94DD435509EB19" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
|
||||
prepared by Mario Cohn-Haft and Ingrid Macedo under field number
|
||||
<specimenCode>MCH 665</specimenCode>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="62D3EDC26BCC63D3ECE9C76192D0FA02">MCH 665</specimenCode>
|
||||
. Tissue samples deposited at INPA under number A-1397; not sequenced. Recordings of vocalizations archived at the Macaulay Library of Natural Sounds under accession number 169991. Variation in the type series: The type series includes three specimens, all males. The only apparent slight variation pertains to the iris color, which is recorded as light-brown/creamy in the holotype, light orange-brown in
|
||||
<specimenCode>MPEG 63203</specimenCode>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="9631E67D579F8C611FAC947E9CB1EFE5">MPEG 63203</specimenCode>
|
||||
, and dark brown in
|
||||
<specimenCode>INPA 2233</specimenCode>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="8D2424C7B4DF4830D29F28F56A6B8219">INPA 2233</specimenCode>
|
||||
. Whether this represents a true type of variation or just
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="303" start="start">subjectively</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="27B379E723EE5D4B1920171C4A566D96" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" start="start">subjectively</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
distinct transcriptions of iris colors cannot be properly assessed at this time given such a small series of specimens. Nevertheless, widely distinct iris colors have also been recorded within series of specimens of other taxa in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girianensis">P. girianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="45E61C2FB6A16AF2227DAD58A463CA53" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girianensis">P. girianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex (Whitney and Alvarez 2005; see also Table 1 in SI for a list of specimens examined), suggesting that at least some individual variation is involved.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="mainText">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5C23803EA63DF7FADD5D1BA792C66872" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EB8B8794DC6340F3C28B49D25D2B05AE" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="mainText">
|
||||
Ecology and behavior.-
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Polioptila attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="545B9117B9CD5D9745B7ED75ED39BE40" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Polioptila attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. like other members of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FC18FA842DEDE29C1713DE51634EADAE" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex, forages alone or in pairs in the canopy of upland (terra firme) sandy-soil forest, apparently exclusively in association with mixed-species canopy flocks. While foraging, it usually gleans prey off the surface of leaves and twigs, mainly in dense terminal branches, while in fast motion and with its tail cocked and flicked laterally, and rectrices sometimes spread. It can also chase flushed prey into the air by "jumping" and flying short distances, quickly returning to tree branches. So far, apparently no records outside tall, upland sandy-soil forest exist, so the species seems tied to this patchily distributed habitat in western Amazonia. Due to its weak, highpitched voice, and overall low density, it is easily overlooked. The nest and eggs remain unknown.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="vocalization">
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="mainText">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F25B402D60CF595475279F51FCF2AAA7" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="875E57BA2219F85F71A143521DDC9E65" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="mainText">
|
||||
Vocalizations.-
|
||||
<httpUri httpUri="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15084">Figure 2</httpUri>
|
||||
<httpUri id="4980ED14AC09F03F2BF1313A78676267" httpUri="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15084">Figure 2</httpUri>
|
||||
enables comparison of characteristic vocalizations of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Polioptila attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0B94FA3385993188A5F0D2ABC862B001" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Polioptila attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with pertinent, homologous vocalizations of other members of the overall
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AB05C11E6CF6954A5BF0D24622C3BDEB" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex, complementing data anr
|
||||
<sup pageId="2" pageNumber="303">1</sup>
|
||||
<sup id="B26A59F6CCB8B1972A34A7FE99E484ED" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">1</sup>
|
||||
spectrograms presented at equivalent scales by Whitney and Alvarez (2005; their figure 3). Typical vocalizations of these taxa, including those used to make the spectrograms in
|
||||
<httpUri httpUri="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15084">Figure 2</httpUri>
|
||||
<httpUri id="7BFD474C5FE4000C3206045FDDC631A6" httpUri="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15084">Figure 2</httpUri>
|
||||
, are available
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="304" start="start">for</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="AC332556F3779BD1C2DE99EB40140767" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" start="start">for</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
listening on the IBC website. As expected, among comparisons of all taxa, the loudsong of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6A75EB28B625D6D28D736CC69E955BE6" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(n = 4) most resembles that of its sister-species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="02412100FC84240730360DB0184A337F" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but an attentive listener will discern distinctions in pace (number of notes per second, perceptibly slower in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="84A7FB7B3D8A12150BF80951E6D2D998" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
P <.001; data in SI) and auditory quality, an attribute determined by the shapes of the individual notes in the vocalizations but difficult to quantify. A complex song featuring repetitions of multi-syllabic phrases sometimes interspersed with short calls, rasps, or a few normal loudsongs has been recorded twice within our small sample of recordings of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DBCF77644CF8FC178C09A06D29E010A" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the few available recordings of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DF2E28318FFAAB49DE37CAA7096C883A" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(BMW and parts of some recordings archived on
|
||||
<httpUri httpUri="http://www.xeno-canto.org" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">www.xeno-canto.org</httpUri>
|
||||
<httpUri id="CAD8F7C018DC9340C1E461CCA9B8A27D" httpUri="http://www.xeno-canto.org" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">www.xeno-canto.org</httpUri>
|
||||
) show clear similarity to these (compare
|
||||
<httpUri httpUri="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15084">Figs. 2C and 2D</httpUri>
|
||||
<httpUri id="38F68A902FA3404672A6C61A6F4198DD" httpUri="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15084">Figs. 2C and 2D</httpUri>
|
||||
). Whitney and Alvarez (2005) described a similar vocalization of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clementsi">P. clementsi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8FECE0E98DA6B1401127F287CEACE703" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clementsi">P. clementsi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
heard once by BMW but not tape-recorded. In more than twenty encounters with vocalizing
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8C22678B48900C258716804569D2872" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from across the range of that taxon, BMW has never heard any vocalization reminiscent of this complex song. This is not to assert that
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="82F01610E7CB91FFDE7C36A7E11C0D58" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and apparently closely related populations south of the Amazon and east of the Madeira do not possess a homologous vocalization, but if it does exist, it must be a rarely used part of the repertoire. The vocalization most congruent with genetic data indicating shared evolutionary history among members of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BDA9AE0DDD8F6C0F9414E5DD692D34AE" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex (see Phylogenetic relationships, below) is the multi-note call, the only vocalization delivered by all members in clearly recognizable (to human beings) pattern and
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="audiœty" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">audioety</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1592C0E2F21E4DE4FC73F93AAEA4F180" originalValue="audiœty" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">audioety</normalizedToken>
|
||||
quality.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="phylogeny">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="mainText">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="682309229B5A3FB63F976ED829797749" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="483F276FE1058F00BAAC2A2AC01C93B5" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="mainText">
|
||||
Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy.- DNA sequence data for the mitochondrial gene NADH subunit 2 (ND2, 1041 base pairs) were obtained for 7 individuals of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9D1E503322F58212D2EAF4FA957ABAD5" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex, including all taxa but
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clementsi">P. clementsi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="83D1BCC99FFA6C10A84F2E39EB22CCED" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clementsi">P. clementsi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facilis">P. facilis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EE6566640001B607014EC9391ACAA46A" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facilis">P. facilis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A preliminary multi-locus molecular phylogeny of the family
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Polioptilidae" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" rank="family">Polioptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DF989D911CC7060E32EA5ABF5F42C713" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Polioptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
indicated that all taxa of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FB922FAAB67E12B5B08FAC9EBBD705E7" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex sequenced and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6DB944B085F26D0AB481162E46DB3C57" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are monophyletic and sister to all remaining
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Polioptila</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2E33ABB0AED9F9535A3F350770B99472" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Polioptila</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species (Klicka et al., unpub. data). Hence, in addition to taxa of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="78DE81FCF1C480A929080079621561FE" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB4C7F09F2665E50034CF44278E091E" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plumbea">P. plumbea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B2E28589BD0DF2CC97D75A187771694A" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plumbea">P. plumbea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(outgroup) were also included in the molecular analysis discussed herein (see Table 2 in SI for a list of specimens sequenced). A maximum clade credibility tree using Bayesian inference recovered a paraphyletic
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="06891E5CEA26FE66194E9C52D7C466F8" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex with respect to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E646456C577C50218E289FF4DC6C6871" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with the latter species being closer to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0378EDD90300D6765C4F8775B4C3F05A" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E1E3734115FBA3D789B8E1887D926B0B" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which grouped as sister taxa with maximum statistical support (Fig. 3). Unfortunately, no sequences of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clementsi">P. clementsi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="579B583F7F2AE41E22E9E88F7E4E42B4" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clementsi">P. clementsi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facilis">P. facilis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5CA6BCB4591FDBA7BF79AA4B77F9FC84" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facilis">P. facilis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were available, so their phylogenetic position and genetic distinctiveness with respect to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="45923A22F6DE19BB5BFDC428ACB81F96" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and other taxa in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0DFFD3208BAB5B4ACE6A0118351A02C2" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex could not be assessed. Despite this sampling limitation, most morphological characters (i.e., white/ black proportion on rectrices, eye-ring pattern, bill and tail lengths) and vocal attributes point to a closer relationship between
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9819E2E1A30CDB0359EE65FF7814DE34" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="060F39CADDFC0BB9273C79BBDAB3BDE0" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in congruence with the molecular data.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="mainText">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C1B534D5C4C7FFDA1C6EDDA0FB3BEA92" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="mainText">
|
||||
The uncorrected p genetic distance between
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9273D424AA5DFA1CA647D5BDFC7D31C5" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8C95D7DBE98FD2CD1E7D4C2E158FD904" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(3.9%;
|
||||
<httpUri httpUri="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15085">Fig. 3</httpUri>
|
||||
<httpUri id="271C1904C9908D81077FD2730FCA8446" httpUri="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15085">Fig. 3</httpUri>
|
||||
) is nearly identical to that reported for a pair of parapatric sister-species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Polioptila</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="56134AA99C89FFD30362435715568FA9" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Polioptila</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in North America (4% for
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">P. californica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5DD2C655BB4649B9F26630B64B6124D5" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">P. californica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanura">P. melanura</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BCD40F5CE190DFD75BC590CD114FF03C" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanura">P. melanura</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), and also based on the same gene (Zink and Blackwell 1998). It is important to note, however, that our single sample of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="73C6721B730E442FA52668A1E9C9C9A7" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was collected more than 1200 km southwest of the type locality of the taxon, and, more importantly, across the Xingu and
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tapajós" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Tapajos</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="49AAF904E6E76D301680300EE0C21649" originalValue="Tapajós" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Tapajos</normalizedToken>
|
||||
rivers. Our vocal analysis (above) supported by more superficial comparisons among a larger sample of recordings from across the range of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85A29ED011D44795858BE74F3BA51F8B" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
showed (BMW pers. obs.) that topotypical loudsongs are about 20% faster than those typical of the
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Madeira-Tapajós" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Madeira-Tapajos</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BCCD06C0A1E93600BE24643F039FE152" originalValue="Madeira-Tapajós" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Madeira-Tapajos</normalizedToken>
|
||||
interfluvium (compare spectrograms, Fig. 2B with figure 3C of Whitney and Alvarez 2005, and listen to the recordings on the IBC website). For these reasons, it is unlikely that the 3.9% mtDNA divergence we recovered is representative of the genetic distance between
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7BA66608622897050BF1A05C7DFA8DB3" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and topotypical
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="60E6F601FBA2E6D8026797695C16AD37" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; we suspect it is significantly underestimated, which further reinforces a separate species status for
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3396C468BC50668D6BA5220CEC791B39" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Furthermore, the paraphyly of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50AE1BE3866FCFDC970BD228E2B75025" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex added to the surprisingly high genetic distance (13.6%) separating/!
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="95451AEEDC302841B66B5D7789ED6F38" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the clade uniting
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7C168CCE952DC68ECCE9B20E15E9C0E8" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7E78B9E2634372447454788CF063989" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">P. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C1A9BFBA7FD035065A474AA40A194C8B" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">P. paraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, supp.
|
||||
<sup pageId="3" pageNumber="304">r</sup>
|
||||
<sup id="0F5C16FFEC3E0F3DAAEFA97A487DE4AF" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">r</sup>
|
||||
ts the taxonomic arrangement suggested by Whitney and Alvarez (2005), whereby all named taxa and perhaps other populations of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6D768241291D3BA454A25F91E504C5FD" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex are best treated as separate species (see suggested common names therein). It also provides the basis for treating both the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8FC60DB5C85DD09ADDE0452F2E0D42E7" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">P. guianensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A100D4F8E4D9B6FB15D93C720530D1A0" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a single radiation of allopatric and parapatric taxa, properly called the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3A0EDE611CEFD3FCB795626DC42F99FF" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistaceigula">P. schistaceigula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex due to nomenclatural priority.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="mainText">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="824C0BEB078CED0DE6A51F63472BECC3" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="82F0EE6A99C77557A17A921BB979284B" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="mainText">
|
||||
Conservation.-
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Polioptila attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CEDD4FEA4561C1E204ACC9DB42502A59" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Polioptila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Polioptila attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a low density species throughout most of its range, and probably has an extensive but patchily distributed population endemic to the Inambari center of endemism in western Amazonia. Of particular concern is the recent advancement of soybean plantations and general infrastructure along the BR-319 highway linking Manaus to Porto Velho in Brazil, which bisects the Purus-Madeira interfluve, apparently the main stronghold of the species. If the advancement of agro-business and infrastructure development at the core of P. attenboroughi'& range becomes more widespread, as it seems likely to do if and when this highway is improved, it could imperil this and many other endemic terra-firme species of the Inambari region in the long run.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,118 +1,117 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title>The Madagascan endemic myrmicine ants related to Eutetramorium (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): taxonomy of the genera Eutetramorium Emery, Malagidris nom. n., Myrmisaraka gen. n., Royidris gen. n., and Vitsika gen. n ..</mods:title>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6137160" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100060603" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6137160" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7BB3047F1AD9F0DCA1CF5A9FD17ECBDB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7BB3047F1AD9F0DCA1CF5A9FD17ECBDB" lastPageNumber="98" pageNumber="94">
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<taxonomicName authority="Bolton & Fisher" authorityName="Bolton & Fisher" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Vitsika" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustas">
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<taxonomicName id="0DEC1ADD2EAB6CF6C4047D421E19190E" ID-CoL="7PKQ7" authority="Bolton & Fisher" authorityName="Bolton & Fisher" genus="Vitsika" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="venustas">
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Vitsika venustas
|
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<authority>Bolton & Fisher</authority>
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<authority id="81AB06EC5A690801FFB9FB0D69712731">Bolton & Fisher</authority>
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<taxonomicNameLabel rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFECE5CC997EA081C034AE3754693661" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
|
||||
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|
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<subSubSection type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="mainText">(Figs 120-122, Map 162)</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="mainText">WORKER (holotype in parentheses). TL 2.5-3.1 (3.0), HL 0.56-0.66 (0.65), HW 0.48-0.56 (0.54), CI 81-86 (83), SL 0.40-0.48 (0.48), SI 84-91 (89), PW 0.39-0.46 (0.43), WL 0.70-0.89 (0.84) (20 measured).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="mainText">Eye with 6-7 rows of ommatidia, and with 7-8 ommatidia in the longest row; EL 0.13-0.17 (EL/HW 0.28-0.30). MfL 0.49-0.60 (MfL/HW 1.02-1.07). Propodeal spiracle small, diameter of annulus of spiracle is usually less than the thickness of the propodeal spine at its midlength. Petiole node in profile more or less erect with respect to the peduncle, the node not obviously inclined posteriorly; node bluntly rounded dorsally, and the anterior and posterior faces converging dorsally. Sculpture of petiole node faint to vestigial laterally, but the side never entirely smooth; posterior surface of node usually with some weak, punctate sculpture on the lower half, but smooth on the upper half. Height of petiole node in posterior view (from midpoint of the dorsal margin of the foramen to the apex) 0.85-1.05 x its maximum width. In dorsal view postpetiole 1.00-1.15 x broader than long; maximum width of postpetiole 1.10-1.25 x the length of a propodeal spine; maximum width of postpetiole 0.90-1.00 x the distance between the apices of the propodeal spines. Postpetiole node in profile relatively long and low, its dorsum shallowly convex; the length of the node in profile visibly greater than the height of the segment. Dorsum of postpetiole never entirely smooth, although the disc may be so. More typically the dorsum with weak superficial punctulae over part or most of its surface, especially posteriorly and laterodorsally, a few weak longitudinal costulae often may also be discernible, especially laterodorsally. Full adult colour yellow to light brownish yellow.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="mainText">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5A9EE81E65EF7E48F2BD18290AE33F46" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EFECE5D7CD6EE72A51ECEF57E0772880" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="mainText">(Figs 120-122, Map 162)</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="70F38AB5E1046B1C2A4605C5A0B21DB6" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="mainText">WORKER (holotype in parentheses). TL 2.5-3.1 (3.0), HL 0.56-0.66 (0.65), HW 0.48-0.56 (0.54), CI 81-86 (83), SL 0.40-0.48 (0.48), SI 84-91 (89), PW 0.39-0.46 (0.43), WL 0.70-0.89 (0.84) (20 measured).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="45CFADFF8FA28C01415C84FAA7EC5149" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="mainText">Eye with 6-7 rows of ommatidia, and with 7-8 ommatidia in the longest row; EL 0.13-0.17 (EL/HW 0.28-0.30). MfL 0.49-0.60 (MfL/HW 1.02-1.07). Propodeal spiracle small, diameter of annulus of spiracle is usually less than the thickness of the propodeal spine at its midlength. Petiole node in profile more or less erect with respect to the peduncle, the node not obviously inclined posteriorly; node bluntly rounded dorsally, and the anterior and posterior faces converging dorsally. Sculpture of petiole node faint to vestigial laterally, but the side never entirely smooth; posterior surface of node usually with some weak, punctate sculpture on the lower half, but smooth on the upper half. Height of petiole node in posterior view (from midpoint of the dorsal margin of the foramen to the apex) 0.85-1.05 x its maximum width. In dorsal view postpetiole 1.00-1.15 x broader than long; maximum width of postpetiole 1.10-1.25 x the length of a propodeal spine; maximum width of postpetiole 0.90-1.00 x the distance between the apices of the propodeal spines. Postpetiole node in profile relatively long and low, its dorsum shallowly convex; the length of the node in profile visibly greater than the height of the segment. Dorsum of postpetiole never entirely smooth, although the disc may be so. More typically the dorsum with weak superficial punctulae over part or most of its surface, especially posteriorly and laterodorsally, a few weak longitudinal costulae often may also be discernible, especially laterodorsally. Full adult colour yellow to light brownish yellow.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="81EBF532613D3B728166AFD0F83D5137" lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="mainText">
|
||||
QUEEN (gyne). Ergatoid (e.g. CASENT0102971) and alate forms are known. Ergatoid HL 0.68, HW 0.56, CI 82, SL 0.48, SI 86, PW 0.46, WL 0.90, MfL 0.58. (1 measured) Worker-like, without ocelli or traces of wing insertions, but with an enlarged mesonotum and a shallow promesonotal impression but no trace of a suture. Mesopleuron without a transverse sulcus. Alate HL 0.66-0.68, HW 0.56-0.58, CI 85, SL 0.46-0.49, SI 82-84, PW 0.50-0.54, WL 0.91-1.00, maximum width of mesoscutum 0.45-0.55, maximum length of mesoscutum 0.48-0.50, MfL 0.58-0.62 (3 measured). With 3 ocelli, a full complement of flight sclerites, and a distinct mesopleural
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="94" pageNumber="95" start="start">transverse</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="2B887290759068D480DD92ECC8877E7D" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" start="start">transverse</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
sulcus. Like the workers, the queen also has a relatively small propodeal spiracle and a relatively long, low postpetiole.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="caption">
|
||||
<caption id="C312D21FF9C0C43DE1FB2BB9F2663721" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9D0D06CD94C65FD5D13D6FF6EB5AC714" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="caption">
|
||||
FIGURES 120-122. Lateral, full face and dorsal view of body.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Bolton & Fisher, 2014" authorityName="Bolton & Fisher" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vitsika" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustas">Vitsika venustas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AD9056ABCFC84DB8B17D5036D9D2C5F5" genus="Vitsika" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="venustas">Vitsika venustas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
holotype worker CASENT0045957.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="mainText">MALE: unknown.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B76FC8B6039F90866BEDA6F4A237A0FD" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="mainText">MALE: unknown.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="mainText">Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Antsiranana, P.N. Marojejy, 28.0 km. 38° NE Andapa, 450 m., 14°26.2'S, 49°46.5'E, 12-15.xi.2003, sifted litter, rainforest, BLF 8722(9), CASENT0045957 (Fisher et al.) (CASC).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="mainText">Paratypes. 14 workers, 1 ergatoid, and 2 dealate queens, all with same data as holotype and all BLF 8722: workers (L0) CASENT0046161 and 0046179, (3) CASENT0046165, (5) CASENT0045938, (6) CASENT0045942, (7) CASENT0046167, (8) CASENT0046168, (9) CASENT0046169, (12) CASENT0046171, (13) CASENT0046172, (17) CASENT0046174, (19) CASENT0045922, (21) CASENT0046175, (22) CASENT0046177; ergatoid (14) CASENT0046173; dealate queens (L0) CASENT0046178, (18) CASENT0046029 (CASC, BMNH).</paragraph>
|
||||
<pageNumber ambiguity="2" fuzzyness="0" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" score="4566" value="96">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="95" pageNumber="96" start="start">96</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="82F23234FC450CA7CE91EBB9706A6162" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="F39475945E3FAF1D17ADC574D9D99FEB" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="mainText">Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Antsiranana, P.N. Marojejy, 28.0 km. 38° NE Andapa, 450 m., 14°26.2'S, 49°46.5'E, 12-15.xi.2003, sifted litter, rainforest, BLF 8722(9), CASENT0045957 (Fisher et al.) (CASC).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DDA2244BBE459ACB1403BD28DA1D52E7" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="mainText">Paratypes. 14 workers, 1 ergatoid, and 2 dealate queens, all with same data as holotype and all BLF 8722: workers (L0) CASENT0046161 and 0046179, (3) CASENT0046165, (5) CASENT0045938, (6) CASENT0045942, (7) CASENT0046167, (8) CASENT0046168, (9) CASENT0046169, (12) CASENT0046171, (13) CASENT0046172, (17) CASENT0046174, (19) CASENT0045922, (21) CASENT0046175, (22) CASENT0046177; ergatoid (14) CASENT0046173; dealate queens (L0) CASENT0046178, (18) CASENT0046029 (CASC, BMNH).</paragraph>
|
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<pageNumber id="6A84FCA040791E0ACEF3F0D990209369" ambiguity="2" fuzzyness="0" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" score="4566" value="96">
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<pageBreakToken id="5556240F9A0896E4C5923E3376BDE7B6" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" start="start">96</pageBreakToken>
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</pageNumber>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="0567D0C9BA8783A4F9A04E2FE051721D" originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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Zootaxa 3791 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection type="multiple">
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<caption pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
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<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="caption">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="96" pageNumber="97" start="start">FIGURES</pageBreakToken>
|
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<subSubSection id="BEFF637B31B7CF658F0AEDC258924FFC" type="multiple">
|
||||
<caption id="25B153D433B9D4E2452E1D2A7AC56E1B" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
<paragraph id="56DD2B4B601E25FD153CEB9726DB7C61" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="caption">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="A4C86DCD81393CF15461085D7BBE3EC2" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" start="start">FIGURES</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
123-162. Distribution maps of each species based on geographic coordinates of the specimens cited in this article. Species distributions are mapped over the outlines of four simplified ecoregion: eastern rainforest (light gray); central montane forest (dark gray); western dryforest (white); southwest desert spiny bush thicket (medium gray).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="mainText">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="97" pageNumber="98" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9DCA45CDBAE0C1B0442F32ADCB50E639" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A88C20024EAD72958E7A25D18FD504FF" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="mainText">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="800F4552AF09E43D96572A5ADFDD8B7A" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
relatively long, low postpetiole of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Bolton & Fisher, 2014" authorityName="Bolton & Fisher" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vitsika" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustas">venustas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="761B54EF43AE2EB0534993A53A78BD7D" genus="Vitsika" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="venustas">venustas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is also developed in
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Bolton & Fisher, 2014" authorityName="Bolton & Fisher" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vitsika" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labes">labes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F73D3FE43BFF82FEAAF6364DA55D4949" genus="Vitsika" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="labes">labes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but the latter is a larger (HL 0.68-0.77, HW 0.56-0.66, SL 0.48-0.54, MfL 0.60-0.72), more darkly coloured species, in which the eyes tend to be somewhat smaller (EL/HW 0.26-0.29). In reality, the size ranges of the two form a rough continuum, with the upper limits for
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Bolton & Fisher, 2014" authorityName="Bolton & Fisher" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vitsika" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustas">venustas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B3FF866B57DA4E8A3F4A1B77EE1B7BE9" genus="Vitsika" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="venustas">venustas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
constituting the lower limits for
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Bolton & Fisher, 2014" authorityName="Bolton & Fisher" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vitsika" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labes">labes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="21CEA659E723AEA6FF20E164E873F204" genus="Vitsika" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="labes">labes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which raises the possibility that
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Bolton & Fisher, 2014" authorityName="Bolton & Fisher" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vitsika" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labes">labes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7A63148C50EAFAED7262171D3624B069" genus="Vitsika" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="labes">labes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is merely a larger morphotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Bolton & Fisher, 2014" authorityName="Bolton & Fisher" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vitsika" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustas">venustas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EDA7EA2D8E7D0E5347D56D5DB9FC39E9" genus="Vitsika" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="venustas">venustas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Contradicting this possibility is the fact that specimens of both forms have never been retrieved from a single sample, and some series of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Bolton & Fisher, 2014" authorityName="Bolton & Fisher" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vitsika" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustas">venustas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="65AC9D8ED4C03217316F43AB3DB91FA1" genus="Vitsika" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="venustas">venustas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are extensive. Consequently, the two are regarded as separate species here.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="mainText">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="987F585CF6D4414263599FC52B05CEEF" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0414BCB1936C8FBC366DADB86D480CCF" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="mainText">
|
||||
Most examples of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Bolton & Fisher, 2014" authorityName="Bolton & Fisher" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vitsika" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustas">venustas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="659AF7B284CBEB97B824E28E83A26CA0" genus="Vitsika" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="venustas">venustas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were retrieved from leaf litter samples in rainforest, but a few have been found in pitfall traps and yellow pan traps, and a colony was discovered in a dead twig on the ground.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="mainText">Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: Prov. Antsiranana, P.N. Marojejy, NE Andapa (Fisher et al.); Prov. Toamasina, S. Ambanizana, Andranobe (B.L. Fisher); Prov. Toamasina, SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe (B.L. Fisher); Prov. Toamasina, Mont. Anjanaharibe, NNE Ambinanitelo (Fisher et al.); Prov. Toamasina, Anjanaharibe (Jackson & Carpenter); Prov. Toamasina, Mont. Akirindro, NNW Ambinanitelo (Fisher et al.); Prov. Toamasina, Nosy Mangabe (P.S. Ward); SW Antalaha (G.D. Alpert).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AA165B011462A7791A930D16CF994B64" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E5D03AA02EDCBAD1B59393EC6CD8274E" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="mainText">Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: Prov. Antsiranana, P.N. Marojejy, NE Andapa (Fisher et al.); Prov. Toamasina, S. Ambanizana, Andranobe (B.L. Fisher); Prov. Toamasina, SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe (B.L. Fisher); Prov. Toamasina, Mont. Anjanaharibe, NNE Ambinanitelo (Fisher et al.); Prov. Toamasina, Anjanaharibe (Jackson & Carpenter); Prov. Toamasina, Mont. Akirindro, NNW Ambinanitelo (Fisher et al.); Prov. Toamasina, Nosy Mangabe (P.S. Ward); SW Antalaha (G.D. Alpert).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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