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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live specimens of Hirudinaria species A dorsal and B ventral views of H. manillensis from Sakon Nakhon Province C dorsal and D ventral views of H. bpling from Satun Province E dorsal and F ventral views of H. thailandica sp. nov. MUMNH-HIR 008 - 28 (holotype) from Chai Nat Province. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.933.49314.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/410544" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1E, F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. External morphology of the holotype of Hirudinaria thailandica sp. nov. in preserved state A dorsal and B ventral views of the whole body C dorsal views of somites XIX-XXIII D ventral views of somites X-XV E dorsal and F ventral views of somites I-VIII G dorsal and H ventral views of somites XXIV-XXVII and caudal sucker. Abbreviations: an, anus; fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; np, nephridiopores; and ss, sensillae. Scale bar: 10 mm (A, B), 5 mm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.933.49314.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/410545" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Illustration of reproductive system of the holotype of Hirudinaria thailandica sp. nov. A dorsal view of male and female reproductive organs including positions of ganglia XII and XIII of the ventral nervous system. Lateral views of B male and C female reproductive organs. Scale bar: 2 mm. Abbreviations: atr, male atrium; cod, common oviduct; ej, ejaculatory bulb; ep, epididymis; fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; ov, ovary; ps, penis sheath; ts, testisac. vas, vas deferens; vc, vaginal caecum; and vg, vagina." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.933.49314.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/410546" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 3</figureCitation>
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<treatment id="68671F979A375C69A98115D6944A533A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164168032" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:47A4B84B-DDC2-4E7F-9B9A-FBA9FD3C6D0A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68671F979A375C69A98115D6944A533A" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Hirudinidae" scope_order="Arhynchobdellida" scope_subFamily="Hirudinariinae">
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<figureCitation id="8DACE658AC9036204539C377FE03EEB0" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live specimens of Hirudinaria species A dorsal and B ventral views of H. manillensis from Sakon Nakhon Province C dorsal and D ventral views of H. bpling from Satun Province E dorsal and F ventral views of H. thailandica sp. nov. MUMNH-HIR 008 - 28 (holotype) from Chai Nat Province. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.933.49314.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/410544" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1E, F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="178E699AB2CCB286F7AB4B6A91B85BD7" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. External morphology of the holotype of Hirudinaria thailandica sp. nov. in preserved state A dorsal and B ventral views of the whole body C dorsal views of somites XIX-XXIII D ventral views of somites X-XV E dorsal and F ventral views of somites I-VIII G dorsal and H ventral views of somites XXIV-XXVII and caudal sucker. Abbreviations: an, anus; fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; np, nephridiopores; and ss, sensillae. Scale bar: 10 mm (A, B), 5 mm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.933.49314.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/410545" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="2EDED6BC1435A956AA8D7F51700E70D2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Illustration of reproductive system of the holotype of Hirudinaria thailandica sp. nov. A dorsal view of male and female reproductive organs including positions of ganglia XII and XIII of the ventral nervous system. Lateral views of B male and C female reproductive organs. Scale bar: 2 mm. Abbreviations: atr, male atrium; cod, common oviduct; ej, ejaculatory bulb; ep, epididymis; fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; ov, ovary; ps, penis sheath; ts, testisac. vas, vas deferens; vc, vaginal caecum; and vg, vagina." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.933.49314.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/410546" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 3</figureCitation>
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Thailand • Chai Nat Province, Mueang Chai Nat District, Ban Kluai Subdistrict;
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,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="08.70" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="100.145">100°08.70'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="B1D65E2EC0F64DA53DB8980A78654F71" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="08.70" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="100.145">100°08.70'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; 17 Mar. 2018; ASME members leg.; Lotus pond; MUMNH-HIR008-28; dissected (BL 111.70 mm, BW 15.50 mm; CL 12.45 mm, CW 12.85 mm).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="972EBC5A38D9CE6C978286EEE2DCCCCD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="404B3D08D70EC1C7595A7ABC2B28CBA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Thailand • 2 specimens; same collection data as for holotype; MUMNH-HIR008-01; dissected (BL 129.15 mm, BW 13.35 mm; CL 11.90 mm, CW 11.95 mm), MUMNH-HIR008-02; dissected (BL 117.25 mm, BW 13.05 mm; CL 11.70 mm, CW 12.30 mm).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.933.49314.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/410544" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="D5D5078B932D5355F8B3C534F54D7D0C" doi="10.3897/zookeys.933.49314.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/410544" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="292382AD592986D44AA293B08CC6CB4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4F55C01D35A52D95691C915A56B4ECE7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Live specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Galeommatidae" genus="Hirudinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hirudinaria" order="Galeommatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hirudinaria</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EACC11EA08B3C8CFD1789520D9B4EDDD" class="Bivalvia" family="Galeommatidae" genus="Hirudinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hirudinaria" order="Galeommatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="25064D3697C103F0CCB6D1F770686913" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hirudinaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DBD5CBA42C989783A750FC65EEB6DED2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal and
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="8BD5CAA2CFEDB136F009D6AAEE75367F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral views of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. manillensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="manillensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. manillensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="47A1CFC2C49BA0FBA09927F3BDDE2238" lsidName="H. manillensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="manillensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="06CF1EE223358CB4F4B31DE6C15F6953" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. manillensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Sakon Nakhon Province
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B3BCC0B73F04B7B5C823D7F8F017EC8E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal and
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="95A39DFDC1B50C56E8445C734A948D51" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral views of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. bpling" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bpling">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. bpling</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="98DEEF3050ED57E0E72F3CA163FC7495" lsidName="H. bpling" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bpling">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1EEBFA121C5F045BA56FCAA984E3C949" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. bpling</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Satun Province
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="598FB9A1BB41039531006D336793721D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal and
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="2C2D9E016A592A91296021C3EFCCF230" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral views of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. thailandica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="thailandica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. thailandica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6E8001C2CD5BA60C4FE05A8ED04753C0" lsidName="H. thailandica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="thailandica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CB1AF304ED0C3B3687A14BABA53D5568" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. thailandica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. MUMNH-HIR008-28 (holotype) from Chai Nat Province. Scale bar: 10 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other materials.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="51C56289DFEE3F405E8EC8AA8F4A0B68" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9B8D605AA0573042C9CF3125BE299F4E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other materials.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="501DB5AADC3224A4A15228E84F963BBE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Thailand • 25 specimens; same collection data as for holotype; MUMNH-HIR008-03 to HIR008-27 • 1 specimen; Mukdahan Province, Wan Yai District, Wan Yai Subdistrict, Chanot Stream;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="43.76" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="16.729334">16°43.76'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="A039B05BEC4879E0E3892422EF3C66E5" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="43.76" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="16.729334">16°43.76'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="104" direction="east" minutes="43.77" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="104.7295">104°43.77'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="221D13A769994A2E109A3792CC515BCF" degrees="104" direction="east" minutes="43.77" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="104.7295">104°43.77'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; 1 Apr. 2018; ASME members leg.; MUMNH-HIR001-01 • 1 specimen; Nakhon Phanom Province, Tha Uthen District, Songkhram River; 10 Apr. 2018; E. Jeratthitikul leg.; MUMNH-HIR004-01 • 8 specimens; Phrae Province, Sung Men District, Ban Kwang Subdistrict;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="04.26" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="18.071">18°04.26'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="6284ADC4890957E2EF92DD131A644A68" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="04.26" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="18.071">18°04.26'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="11.26" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="100.18767">100°11.26'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="00D3F15B498078D22BD1F132167F84D0" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="11.26" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="100.18767">100°11.26'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; 13 May. 2018; Local peoples leg.; MUMNH-HIR003-01 to HIR003-08 • 3 specimens; Buriram Province, Krasang District, Nong Teng Subdistrict, Chi River;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="52.51" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="14.875167">14°52.51'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="45EEE25812CC1EEB1E3AB3D78226CEED" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="52.51" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="14.875167">14°52.51'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="22.72" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="103.37867">103°22.72'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="1FC6F32B3C2D84C5C4B38EB0E0EF1A68" degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="22.72" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="103.37867">103°22.72'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; 18 Sep. 2018; E. Jeratthitikul and C. Sutcharit leg.; MUMNH-HIR009-01 to HIR009-03 • 4 specimens; Ubon Ratchathani Province, Khemmarat District, Huai Na Muang stream;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="01.75" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="16.029167">16°01.75'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="D297D966689A7E8BDE319521A6827D47" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="01.75" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="16.029167">16°01.75'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="15.91" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="105.26517">105°15.91'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="2E794690D3669ECE189574923F3139CD" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="15.91" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="105.26517">105°15.91'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; 12 May. 2018; E. Jeratthitikul leg.; MUMNH-HIR010-01 to HIR010-04.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.933.49314.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/410545" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="5160F57FE919ED05B54410BF324EACE3" doi="10.3897/zookeys.933.49314.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/410545" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FCD889723ADC8132F3117E18C08919B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D6BFAF396E59B88F6208471068CE065C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
External morphology of the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jeratthitikul & Panha" authorityYear="2020" class="Bivalvia" family="Galeommatidae" genus="Hirudinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hirudinaria thailandica" order="Galeommatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="thailandica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hirudinaria thailandica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6B886C6F00D1CF04EE7CD4649BB27D4B" authorityName="Jeratthitikul & Panha" authorityYear="2020" class="Bivalvia" family="Galeommatidae" genus="Hirudinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hirudinaria thailandica" order="Galeommatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="thailandica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E64B1B2BDC0C3DDBA096C2AE9DFF7F11" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hirudinaria thailandica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. in preserved state
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="2A6886F5C4D1C0393F540B28A079D168" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal and
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7631CCE1C0E1E8743A9BCAC37C1CC42F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral views of the whole body
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DEEA2D986C43DBDE6041D267DFABEF65" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal views of somites XIX-XXIII
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="FC35EA0D9CE54DBB07041CFD3297F1C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral views of somites X-XV
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="10844248341B5E18972251A7EC4417B4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal and
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BB27A70458A06D38BBD475C69E3CCA8F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral views of somites I-VIII
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="9B54D066A6DF9D3E612A78A78FD3FAB4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal and
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D3BBB382FB1506A49C6D2CC8EE650071" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral views of somites XXIV-XXVII and caudal sucker. Abbreviations: an, anus; fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; np, nephridiopores; and ss, sensillae. Scale bar: 10 mm (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="057706BC9239E45F787B1CC202C7737F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
), 5 mm (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C-H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A858433B3FB204A3A2B98C4CB17FC551" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C-H</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">In life, dorsal surface dark brown to green. Lateral spots on annuli b2 and b5, black, squared, not prominent, reduced to small spots on anterior somites. Ventral surface green to dark greenish or dark olive. Male gonopore in somite XI b5/b6. Female gonopore in somite XII b5/b6. Gonopores separated by 5 annuli. Atrium of male reproductive organ moderate-sized, bulbous, rather round. Penis sheath short. Ejaculatory ducts ventrally inserted into middle of atrium. Common oviducts open into the female bursa near the insertion point of vaginal caecum to female bursa.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.933.49314.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/410546" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9DE1D8025F409BBC2094DFEBC8DEFEB3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7B729156FBAB2E7688B398404522DD54" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4F740D905C1AA9F1B63D0806C023B242" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">In life, dorsal surface dark brown to green. Lateral spots on annuli b2 and b5, black, squared, not prominent, reduced to small spots on anterior somites. Ventral surface green to dark greenish or dark olive. Male gonopore in somite XI b5/b6. Female gonopore in somite XII b5/b6. Gonopores separated by 5 annuli. Atrium of male reproductive organ moderate-sized, bulbous, rather round. Penis sheath short. Ejaculatory ducts ventrally inserted into middle of atrium. Common oviducts open into the female bursa near the insertion point of vaginal caecum to female bursa.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="9D439D29F3F9C6F347E027AE2F80FF3B" doi="10.3897/zookeys.933.49314.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/410546" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||||
<paragraph id="94947689CB25E6F08FF1EE2DB73DCE84" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="012402DEA339D1B16C10BF03854E9707" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
Illustration of reproductive system of the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jeratthitikul & Panha" authorityYear="2020" class="Bivalvia" family="Galeommatidae" genus="Hirudinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hirudinaria thailandica" order="Galeommatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="thailandica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hirudinaria thailandica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="45D54C1625C9779CF52423D8E6B992CF" authorityName="Jeratthitikul & Panha" authorityYear="2020" class="Bivalvia" family="Galeommatidae" genus="Hirudinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hirudinaria thailandica" order="Galeommatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="thailandica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7D0F52F2125FB9C53B55B957E1EBC6A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hirudinaria thailandica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="2147A240BD796DF33D652F5072DEC291" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal view of male and female reproductive organs including positions of ganglia XII and XIII of the ventral nervous system. Lateral views of
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="648F97B57D8D70B132E356F516199FE8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
male and
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7B9AB7F030A3EF0818E998EE3F9A28D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
female reproductive organs. Scale bar: 2 mm. Abbreviations: atr, male atrium; cod, common oviduct; ej, ejaculatory bulb; ep, epididymis; fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; ov, ovary; ps, penis sheath; ts, testisac. vas, vas deferens; vc, vaginal caecum; and vg, vagina.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Body firm, muscular, with constant width posteriorly. In life, dorsal surface dark brown to green in background color. Dorsal median line black, distinct, somewhat narrow on annuli b1 and b6 of each mid body somite, and very narrow or broken between somites V and VI, VI and VII, and VII and VIII. Two longitudinal, inconspicuous, and broken stripes on each side of median stripe, each stripe present in b2-b5 and absent in b1 and b6 of each mid body somite. Lateral spots on annuli b2 and b5, black, squared, not prominent, reduced to small spots on some anterior somites. Ventral surface green to dark greenish or dark olive, with narrow marginal pale-yellow stripe. Color faded in preservative, except the dorsal median line and other dorsal markers.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Number of annuli 103. Somites I-III uniannulate. Somites IV and V biannulate, (a1+a2)=a3. Somite VI dorsally triannulate, a1=a2<a3; ventrally biannulate, (a1+a2)=a3. Somite VII triannulate, a1=a2<a3. Somite VIII quadrannulate, a1>a2=b5>b6. Somites IX-XXIII quinquannulate, b1=b2=a2=b5=b6. Somite XXIV quadrannulate, b1=b2=a2=a3. Somite XXV being last complete annulus ventrally; triannulate, a1=a2=a3. Somite XXVI biannulate, (a1+a2)>a3. Somite XXVII biannulate, (a1+a2)>a3. Anus on somite XXVII a3. Clitellum between X b5 and XIII a2.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eyespots 5 pairs, arranged dorsally in parabolic arch: first pair anterior on somite II, remaining eyespots situated laterally; second pair on somite III; third pair on somite IV (a1+a2); fourth pair on somite V (a1+a2); and fifth pair on somite VI a2. Sensillae on annulus a2 of complete somites; 3 bilateral rows dorsally, one proximal to midline, 2 paired distal to midline; and 2 bilateral rows ventrally. Nephridiopores 17 pairs, positioned on ventral surface, situated bilaterally at posterior margin of VIII a1, and at posterior margin of b2 of somites IX to XXIV.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oral sucker, dorsal lip prominent, with several furrows. One median longitudinal furrow on ventral surface deep, extending from margin of lip to pharynx. Two deep furrows on each side, and one or two shallow furrows between deep furrows. Three jaws in oral cavity, 1 dorsal and 2 ventrolateral. Small salivary papillae circular, placed along denticular ridge. Large salivary papillae circular to ovate; irregularly placed laterally on each jaw; minimum of 30 visible on one side of right ventro-lateral jaw. Teeth on median jaw 105-125 per jaw. Pharynx muscular and tubular reaching to somite IX b2/a2. Crop reaching to somite XIX b5. Crop caeca10 pairs: Intestine tubular, acaecate, extending from somite XIX b6 to somite XXIII. Rectum thin-walled, tubular, extending from somite XXIII to somite XXVII. CL 11.9 mm, 13.0 mm wide, round, with eight rays of sensillae on dorsal surface radiating out from center.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male gonopore in somite XI b5/b6. Female gonopore in somite XII b5/b6. Gonopores separated by 5 annuli. Nerve cord passing along the left side of reproductive system. Male reproductive system in somites XI and XII. Atrium moderate-sized, bulbous, rather round. Penis sheath short, recurved anteriorly to atrium. Epididymes round, paired, lateral to atrium. Ejaculatory bulbs present, muscular, and thick. Ejaculatory ducts short, ventrally inserted into middle of atrium. Testisacs 11 pairs. Female reproductive system in somites XII and XIII.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ovaries paired, small, droplet-shaped. Oviduct paired, narrow, short, join to form common oviduct. Common oviduct moderate in length, slightly bent distally, then descending to vagina. Albumin gland at point of intersection of two oviducts and common oviduct. Common oviduct opens into female bursa near the insertion point of vaginal caecum to female bursa. Vaginal caecum elongated, two times as long as wide at widest point. Vaginal caecum anteroventral end connected to female bursa.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="676F98C7867EC2212707A6F57043DEC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5C93EB4786C1FBCC0C71E8AB9BA2D298" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5BF4F15EE5D81F1DF3934409285FD402" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Body firm, muscular, with constant width posteriorly. In life, dorsal surface dark brown to green in background color. Dorsal median line black, distinct, somewhat narrow on annuli b1 and b6 of each mid body somite, and very narrow or broken between somites V and VI, VI and VII, and VII and VIII. Two longitudinal, inconspicuous, and broken stripes on each side of median stripe, each stripe present in b2-b5 and absent in b1 and b6 of each mid body somite. Lateral spots on annuli b2 and b5, black, squared, not prominent, reduced to small spots on some anterior somites. Ventral surface green to dark greenish or dark olive, with narrow marginal pale-yellow stripe. Color faded in preservative, except the dorsal median line and other dorsal markers.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3F3CF9DAA19D03986523DF33568AEB6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Number of annuli 103. Somites I-III uniannulate. Somites IV and V biannulate, (a1+a2)=a3. Somite VI dorsally triannulate, a1=a2<a3; ventrally biannulate, (a1+a2)=a3. Somite VII triannulate, a1=a2<a3. Somite VIII quadrannulate, a1>a2=b5>b6. Somites IX-XXIII quinquannulate, b1=b2=a2=b5=b6. Somite XXIV quadrannulate, b1=b2=a2=a3. Somite XXV being last complete annulus ventrally; triannulate, a1=a2=a3. Somite XXVI biannulate, (a1+a2)>a3. Somite XXVII biannulate, (a1+a2)>a3. Anus on somite XXVII a3. Clitellum between X b5 and XIII a2.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="27C0043DF4D76A858F6779D343CF5B50" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eyespots 5 pairs, arranged dorsally in parabolic arch: first pair anterior on somite II, remaining eyespots situated laterally; second pair on somite III; third pair on somite IV (a1+a2); fourth pair on somite V (a1+a2); and fifth pair on somite VI a2. Sensillae on annulus a2 of complete somites; 3 bilateral rows dorsally, one proximal to midline, 2 paired distal to midline; and 2 bilateral rows ventrally. Nephridiopores 17 pairs, positioned on ventral surface, situated bilaterally at posterior margin of VIII a1, and at posterior margin of b2 of somites IX to XXIV.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B2E86087E69570E5FF89649D587DB9F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oral sucker, dorsal lip prominent, with several furrows. One median longitudinal furrow on ventral surface deep, extending from margin of lip to pharynx. Two deep furrows on each side, and one or two shallow furrows between deep furrows. Three jaws in oral cavity, 1 dorsal and 2 ventrolateral. Small salivary papillae circular, placed along denticular ridge. Large salivary papillae circular to ovate; irregularly placed laterally on each jaw; minimum of 30 visible on one side of right ventro-lateral jaw. Teeth on median jaw 105-125 per jaw. Pharynx muscular and tubular reaching to somite IX b2/a2. Crop reaching to somite XIX b5. Crop caeca10 pairs: Intestine tubular, acaecate, extending from somite XIX b6 to somite XXIII. Rectum thin-walled, tubular, extending from somite XXIII to somite XXVII. CL 11.9 mm, 13.0 mm wide, round, with eight rays of sensillae on dorsal surface radiating out from center.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="274199B86EE130014357A51500646E3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male gonopore in somite XI b5/b6. Female gonopore in somite XII b5/b6. Gonopores separated by 5 annuli. Nerve cord passing along the left side of reproductive system. Male reproductive system in somites XI and XII. Atrium moderate-sized, bulbous, rather round. Penis sheath short, recurved anteriorly to atrium. Epididymes round, paired, lateral to atrium. Ejaculatory bulbs present, muscular, and thick. Ejaculatory ducts short, ventrally inserted into middle of atrium. Testisacs 11 pairs. Female reproductive system in somites XII and XIII.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="98836C9B6130FEE2CC535D2D4B989557" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ovaries paired, small, droplet-shaped. Oviduct paired, narrow, short, join to form common oviduct. Common oviduct moderate in length, slightly bent distally, then descending to vagina. Albumin gland at point of intersection of two oviducts and common oviduct. Common oviduct opens into female bursa near the insertion point of vaginal caecum to female bursa. Vaginal caecum elongated, two times as long as wide at widest point. Vaginal caecum anteroventral end connected to female bursa.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C0117A953E23FF55E03A20A2D844D295" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AEC6DE75E76FA12FFE6F7C39940F4FD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8C09C794F20C8F03E4F8953B78D34025" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
The specific name "
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jeratthitikul & Panha" authorityYear="2020" class="Bivalvia" family="Galeommatidae" genus="Hirudinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="thailandica" order="Galeommatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="thailandica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">thailandica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B20B7E98FC8EFF2979862D4199C0E725" authorityName="Jeratthitikul & Panha" authorityYear="2020" class="Bivalvia" family="Galeommatidae" genus="Hirudinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="thailandica" order="Galeommatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="thailandica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D88C5BCFC0807824AEB71D465888BB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">thailandica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
" refers to the country in which specimens of the new species were collected.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="417CDE761341D5A563D46D5DE11E800F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2BBCECECA28A1B80D24F6A53F28E6390" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A5789A6351538C7C5BB7B2FE418E4DFE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
This species is known from several river basins in Thailand, including the Chao Phraya and the Middle Mekong river basins (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Phylogenetic analysis of Hirudinaria species and related taxa A bayesian inference tree based on 2533 bp alignment dataset of nuclear 28 S rRNA and mitochondrial COI genes. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap values from maximum likelihood (ML) and bpp from Bayesian inference analysis (BI). Nodes with black circles are sufficiently supported by both BI and ML, while nodes with grey circles are supported only by ML B map showing the sampling locations for the specimens used for DNA sequence analysis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.933.49314.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/410547" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B</figureCitation>
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||||
<figureCitation id="4F092285F6498E411744AB6C3CFA3D8E" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Phylogenetic analysis of Hirudinaria species and related taxa A bayesian inference tree based on 2533 bp alignment dataset of nuclear 28 S rRNA and mitochondrial COI genes. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap values from maximum likelihood (ML) and bpp from Bayesian inference analysis (BI). Nodes with black circles are sufficiently supported by both BI and ML, while nodes with grey circles are supported only by ML B map showing the sampling locations for the specimens used for DNA sequence analysis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.933.49314.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/410547" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B</figureCitation>
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).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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|
|
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|||
|
|
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/66607E89-8801-4B30-9FE3-63056D3879A0" authority="Schmidt, 2022" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2022" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Nublapamea</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="121">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="759BC50304E6C98741BD06689FA5022A" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Adult habitus of female Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720381" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Adult habitus of male Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720382" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">, 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Female genitalia of Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720383" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">, 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male genitalia of Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720384" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">, 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Distribution of examined specimens of Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720385" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">, 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F82390C87D9451245368A89D65C4B9DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BC0BB16E645118A6FB5429AB9D01E802" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="46A394AE9CE506E2B430BB25219ED536" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Adult habitus of female Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720381" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="8B6B8636538C70D5FABA85CC40F21BC6" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Adult habitus of male Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720382" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">, 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E1A28C51D72B930A818E940EB70F1995" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Female genitalia of Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720383" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">, 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F54065B644D178517D55A8EF02C6E613" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male genitalia of Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720384" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">, 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9DADFA3F7422CAEE2A7027CCC061A25E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Distribution of examined specimens of Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720385" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">, 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trachea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Trachea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2DEAF58075FAA6F458D8F9F6FB7C6B5A" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EF57D61A1D547F61BB895A485CBCDF38" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE8F127C1DD04634070F38FBFFCEE166" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5374B72DE170CB4A17577442BB9A913A" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trachea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8BE59116BF2C071318D41B5C362FFB01" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Trachea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Schaus, 1911: 96; TL: Volcano Poas [Alajuela Prov., Costa Rica]. USNM [examined].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="included species">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Included species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trachea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Trachea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F70EE3BB1983D1A7450AFA4D5FFA2B6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="included species">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B96F0DD85A80301AD8B60E9764357C68" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Included species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3FD4F61EA9365067C41A175ABC1FC705" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BBF05EA92D9403E95385A48CA5284563" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trachea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3D781853162D76EDEED6C15A5737221A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Trachea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Schaus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1F3269D254AADD100DCA8CE97152113F" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="003E398A1E6B26C6157F78550A67CF6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7531CE113CE838A9F56D94105A738015" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
Most of the autapomorphies of the tribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="tribe" tribe="Apameini">Apameini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5AFD7C99110CC4E1010EFD93897CCDAB" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="tribe" tribe="Apameini">Apameini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are based on adult genitalic morphology and were reviewed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Fibiger, M" journalOrPublisher="Esperiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" pagination="7 - 92" refId="B3" refString="Fibiger, M, Lafontaine, JD, 2005. A review of the higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the Holarctic fauna. Esperiana 11: 7 - 92" title="A review of the higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the Holarctic fauna." volume="11" year="2005">Fibiger and Lafontaine (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1D718574B2648CAAFFFBCA11157F7161" author="Fibiger, M" journalOrPublisher="Esperiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" pagination="7 - 92" refId="B3" refString="Fibiger, M, Lafontaine, JD, 2005. A review of the higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the Holarctic fauna. Esperiana 11: 7 - 92" title="A review of the higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the Holarctic fauna." volume="11" year="2005">Fibiger and Lafontaine (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, with an updated tribal concept modified slightly through the removal of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1883" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="tribe" tribe="Arzamini">Arzamini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FC0A0EBA4F70767ECAE99D7350098CFC" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1883" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="tribe" tribe="Arzamini">Arzamini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a separate tribe (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/n06-012" author="Lafontaine, JD" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" pagination="610 - 635" refId="B10" refString="Lafontaine, JD, Fibiger, M, 2006. Revised higher classification of the Noctuoidea. Canadian Entomologist 138 (5): 610 - 635, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/n06-012" title="Revised higher classification of the Noctuoidea." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/n06-012" volume="138" year="2006">Lafontaine and Fibiger 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B97AE5F78C073AF1CFD52EB7DEECC674" DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/n06-012" author="Lafontaine, JD" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" pagination="610 - 635" refId="B10" refString="Lafontaine, JD, Fibiger, M, 2006. Revised higher classification of the Noctuoidea. Canadian Entomologist 138 (5): 610 - 635, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/n06-012" title="Revised higher classification of the Noctuoidea." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/n06-012" volume="138" year="2006">Lafontaine and Fibiger 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2022" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A8BF8E8C40D508128B114A8B87268456" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4B1E01DBEDF18444BC3512E02211DAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
exhibits four key autapomorphies of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="tribe" tribe="Apameini">Apameini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8B6A094CF1A5C5804637DA6873263F4E" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="tribe" tribe="Apameini">Apameini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: ovipositor heavily sclerotized and dorsoventrally flattened, with a unique profile resembling rabbit ears when viewed ventrally; two well-sclerotized elongate platelets (sometimes termed
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“rods”">"rods"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5092B28603AA1A7BCD0DBE97B034F841" originalValue="“rods”">"rods"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) situated ventrally in the integument between the papillae anales; pleural sclerite of male genitalia comprising a twisted, helical ribbon (the "double helix" of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Fibiger, M" journalOrPublisher="Esperiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" pagination="7 - 92" refId="B3" refString="Fibiger, M, Lafontaine, JD, 2005. A review of the higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the Holarctic fauna. Esperiana 11: 7 - 92" title="A review of the higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the Holarctic fauna." volume="11" year="2005">Fibiger and Lafontaine (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="78CAD5E37262D273E818754BE03D2089" author="Fibiger, M" journalOrPublisher="Esperiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" pagination="7 - 92" refId="B3" refString="Fibiger, M, Lafontaine, JD, 2005. A review of the higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the Holarctic fauna. Esperiana 11: 7 - 92" title="A review of the higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the Holarctic fauna." volume="11" year="2005">Fibiger and Lafontaine (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, although technically not double).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B035DE9A1B54B3B4D5A86B6F29F504D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
The morphology of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2022" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="129FAE182F1260701C700C6C70503809" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67BF9BCAD6E7C309AAF713ED0C34639A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
male genitalia is unlike any other
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="tribe" tribe="Apameini">Apameini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="27281039083B47A0933749D4F41C4E2B" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="tribe" tribe="Apameini">Apameini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genera in that the clasper, digitus and ampulla are seemingly absent (presumably a result of the extreme reduction of these structures), combined with a very robust valve with only a slight narrowing of the neck of the cucullus. A heavily spinose ridge extends obliquely across the inner surface of the valve from the caudoventral apex of the cucullus to the dorsal edge of the costa, similar to some species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Apamea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8001AAECA3FD82516A5DDE3E05E04011" authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B2EA6F14DFD926D843F3D82940394B09" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Apamea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. verbascoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="verbascoides">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A. verbascoides</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E741C39741A26F34F105952F2F0B7023" lsidName="A. verbascoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="verbascoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5FBC0601C056259CDA40212B64649DD7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A. verbascoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guenée">Guenee</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="ACAA12A0A49E4C787F1701ECF03D7AA9" originalValue="Guenée">Guenee</normalizedToken>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. inebriata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="inebriata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A. inebriata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FC6617EEA7493A642A85C9C7315C9350" lsidName="A. inebriata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="inebriata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2CD2DEBD11E5EB3CEFD3FD78F8E6A533" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A. inebriata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Ferguson) although with more diminutive spines. A reduction of clasper and digitus occurs also in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Resapamea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Resapamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Resapamea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9B1321694DD9F34D5827055CD39B24AE" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Resapamea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Resapamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7D6BBB9F47C0B31A405EC6F1411F562F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Resapamea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but the two genera otherwise differ in most other genitalic traits and do not associate in DNA barcode sequence data.
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B17275B4C5FBAD42B97F16CC1062A382" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="172F87374508247DF4C38E36868A5420" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is among the largest New World
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="tribe" tribe="Apameini">Apameini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="147448F3BFCE211F0EE861B281C8AAEF" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="tribe" tribe="Apameini">Apameini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with a forewing length of up to 25 mm. The forewing color and pattern most closely approaches some western North American
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Apamea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A143416E4EAAA15CA1136C7F78BFD941" authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2E13805555EEA39235E4B0E5F8B9DEA5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Apamea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. antennata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="antennata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A. antennata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="86A54E6751B3F3D51DAAD4FA6B09A4EC" lsidName="A. antennata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="antennata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2E30DE874D180F7539D9584B7C4D7BBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A. antennata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. centralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="centralis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A. centralis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="140168546D44483033EE7102C8CDAE92" lsidName="A. centralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="centralis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="725E4E2669B139143364ECFE644C203B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A. centralis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. siskiyou" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="siskiyou">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A. siskiyou</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39F881CB0502BC64A9B2C3D2BAF4F6A1" lsidName="A. siskiyou" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="siskiyou">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E12D61B189FDE836CAB16E61D827D197" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A. siskiyou</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; however, the large, ivory-filled claviform stigma easily distinguishes
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2022" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="609F87D75EAA03ED71DC2F77C831C9C6" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="06F6CFD819491EA0B5FF46EB9A4D6EAB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from any
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Apamea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E5A6015D15ADFA753257A4BA2DB6270C" authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7AE2814066FE9AECF3675D845C7C1A60" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Apamea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The similarity to
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Apamea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="60F10B5B6AA2A73D0421537FB7AB3D0A" authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="60C539AE8EB5B84BC90038639D684638" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Apamea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is superficial only, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2022" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3CC7232BE0F52FDE3E290C1E2475C597" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="33F34B03929CDD63756FB1D0DF6E679F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs dramatically from all known species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Apamea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D30FF00C4A673C180A20D27BC1046A89" authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="783108A3BDB336F0EBDA2985174CF199" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Apamea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in genitalic structure and lacks the autapomorphies of that genus (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mikkola, KJ" journalOrPublisher="The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" refId="B12" refString="Mikkola, KJ, Lafontaine, JD, Gill, JD, 2009. Noctuoidea, Noctuidae, (part), Xyleninae (part), Apameini (part - Apamea group of genera). In: The Moths of North America north of Mexico, fasc. 26.9. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC" title="Noctuoidea, Noctuidae, (part), Xyleninae (part), Apameini (part - Apamea group of genera). In: The Moths of North America north of Mexico, fasc. 26.9." year="2009">Mikkola et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D1B65BBC328C4B6E30007630DB3CD399" author="Mikkola, KJ" journalOrPublisher="The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" refId="B12" refString="Mikkola, KJ, Lafontaine, JD, Gill, JD, 2009. Noctuoidea, Noctuidae, (part), Xyleninae (part), Apameini (part - Apamea group of genera). In: The Moths of North America north of Mexico, fasc. 26.9. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC" title="Noctuoidea, Noctuidae, (part), Xyleninae (part), Apameini (part - Apamea group of genera). In: The Moths of North America north of Mexico, fasc. 26.9." year="2009">Mikkola et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Zilli, A" journalOrPublisher="Heterocera Press, Budapest" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" refId="B20" refString="Zilli, A, Varga, Z, Ronkay, G, Ronkay, L, 2009. Apameini I. A Taxonomic Atlas of the Eurasian and North African Noctuoidea. Vol. 3. Heterocera Press, Budapest" title="Apameini I. A Taxonomic Atlas of the Eurasian and North African Noctuoidea. Vol. 3." year="2009">Zilli et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="258656F9D16EA48697E66E6F62354D00" author="Zilli, A" journalOrPublisher="Heterocera Press, Budapest" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" refId="B20" refString="Zilli, A, Varga, Z, Ronkay, G, Ronkay, L, 2009. Apameini I. A Taxonomic Atlas of the Eurasian and North African Noctuoidea. Vol. 3. Heterocera Press, Budapest" title="Apameini I. A Taxonomic Atlas of the Eurasian and North African Noctuoidea. Vol. 3." year="2009">Zilli et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6682B2F2358288475ACBA4A2A57EDEC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FA8927A6D3116862F04671ADD72167CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FD97EF894C368EF02C6A0C69AAF795BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7AFDDAC7425A3D77AF4590B02200EF7D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
- Male and female antennae simple, setose-ciliate, ~68 segments, flattened ventrally and convex dorsally (D-shaped in cross-section). Eye smooth, round. Labial palpus, upcurved, first segment 0.7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="39312B5EFCF32C573A261FC17B8428C0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
length of second segment; third segment 0.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C461EFCF6C62AFF9055F6C41A804B048" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
length of second and directed more anteriorly. Frons evenly convex, unmodified; haustellum well developed.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="8463E02234A1F3A9EDC65A6D9C0092DB" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
- Mesoscutellar crest scarcely differentiated, metascutellar tuft absent.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Forewing</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="64EE26C0DA2534CC595BD4B4F6DDBEB4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Forewing</emphasis>
|
||||
(Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Adult habitus of female Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720381" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">1</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="55C4F876EEE3C8A6FD29784437C3BDC5" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Adult habitus of female Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720381" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">1</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Adult habitus of male Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720382" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DCEB4BAF9B48DD50C42513904452EE59" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Adult habitus of male Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720382" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
) - shape and pattern elements typically noctuine, most similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apamea antennata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Apamea antennata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CF19ADE4F569291354AD72BB0E9BD5AA" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apamea antennata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3A15027D54F31E2639E3972D6FF3BCFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Apamea antennata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group; venation as illustrated in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mikkola, KJ" journalOrPublisher="The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" refId="B12" refString="Mikkola, KJ, Lafontaine, JD, Gill, JD, 2009. Noctuoidea, Noctuidae, (part), Xyleninae (part), Apameini (part - Apamea group of genera). In: The Moths of North America north of Mexico, fasc. 26.9. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC" title="Noctuoidea, Noctuidae, (part), Xyleninae (part), Apameini (part - Apamea group of genera). In: The Moths of North America north of Mexico, fasc. 26.9." year="2009">Mikkola et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="612E7C7EA4CD114B8EB344A8D3EC9B8A" author="Mikkola, KJ" journalOrPublisher="The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" refId="B12" refString="Mikkola, KJ, Lafontaine, JD, Gill, JD, 2009. Noctuoidea, Noctuidae, (part), Xyleninae (part), Apameini (part - Apamea group of genera). In: The Moths of North America north of Mexico, fasc. 26.9. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC" title="Noctuoidea, Noctuidae, (part), Xyleninae (part), Apameini (part - Apamea group of genera). In: The Moths of North America north of Mexico, fasc. 26.9." year="2009">Mikkola et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
except that (R5+(R3+R4)) arises from a common stalk that is 1/3 the length of the areole, with the stalk of (R3+R4) about 1/2 the length of the areole; forewing length up to 25 mm.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Hindwing</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="AF7A29CDF2E4FA170CF414B47FAFBFA0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Hindwing</emphasis>
|
||||
- vein M2 somewhat reduced but clearly visible, originating from the bottom third of the cell. Legs - spination and proportions typically apameine: tibia lacking spines, tibial spur formula 0-2-4, epiphysis 0.6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="82BB7EE8D4C4226FD47B2F4E607F13C4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
length of tibia; tarsus with three rows of spiniform setae on first two proximal tarsomeres; four irregular rows on distal three tarsomeres.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="64D30319CCC6A5F037A7E8774D2BC9E4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
- Pronounced dorsal setal tufts on A2 and A3, smaller tufts on A4 and A5; male basal abdominal brushes absent.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACED38237F99C957BAC4C33969BDF049" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Female genitalia of Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720383" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="59D7CA74643DA475E7423BB050ED372A" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Female genitalia of Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720383" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
) - Papillae anales dorsoventrally flattened, apical 2/3 rounded-triangular, base defined by a pronounced sub-basal constriction; surface moderately setose and densely microspinulose. Two elongate sclerotized plates present between papillae anales. Posterior and anterior apophyses 1.1
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C4D78F6A2EF534FAEBF22F3F57B391A0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and 0.7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AD394699F32AF51E01F30B628728423A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
length of papillae anales, respectively, with slightly spatulate apices. Lamella antevaginalis well sclerotized, with a broad, round medial concavity. Ostium an irregular transverse slit, heavily microspinulose. Ductus bursae 3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C3BD86CDD337E092A0181CBF459F53E0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as wide, heavily rugose, appearing thick or slightly more sclerotized than corpus; ductus bursae joined at junction of corpus and appendix bursae on right side. Corpus bursae membranous, globose-pyriform, 2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="966D25023E4FF9FCD1C8C5F7F616EA16" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as wide, signa absent. Appendix bursae unmodified and arising posteriorly on left, approximately 1/3 size of corpus bursae.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="410F76A114F538F1008D82D41746A0A2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male genitalia of Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720384" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2AD26E487957939CF17D5A8799659F26" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male genitalia of Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720384" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
) - Uncus of moderate length, approximately 7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F1E661E9AA5A9059E9949C54D85128E4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than medial width, laterally compressed and evenly tapering to a downcurved, blunt apex; sparsely covered with fine, long setae. Tegumen forming an offset, broad base at uncus, with rounded-triangular peniculum laterally; vinculum a rounded
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“V,”">"V,"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9DAF58306AF1E27B6E143D6FD44AA003" originalValue="“V,”">"V,"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
saccus approximately as long as wide. Juxta a trapezoidal shield, length equal to width; anellar arms not fused. Valve robust, ~3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F323CF0BF288E71F0CF8F5FD321E1D22" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than wide, tapering only very slightly towards base of cucullus and therefore lacking a distinct subapical
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“neck;”">"neck;"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="17D50519B66C4955C95F9799103DE7A6" originalValue="“neck;”">"neck;"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
ventral margin of valve evenly convex; dorsal margin essentially straight beyond base. Cucullus elongate-triangular and broad-based, corona consisting of 4-6 curved spiniform setae; inner surface of cucullus densely covered in long, straight bristle-like setae; prominent ridge extending from caudoventral point of cucullus obliquely across the inner surface of the valve to the dorsal edge of the costa, beset with> 50 long, straight spine-like setae which are directed basad. Sacculus with basal saccular process (not the clavus;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.264.4304" author="Crabo, LG" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" pagination="85 - 123" refId="B2" refString="Crabo, LG, Davis, M, Hammond, P, Mustelin, T, Shepard, J, 2013. Five new species and three new subspecies of Erebidae and Noctuidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera) from northwestern North America, with notes on Chytolita Grote (Erebidae) and Hydraecia Guenee (Noctuidae). ZooKeys 264: 85 - 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.264.4304" title="Five new species and three new subspecies of Erebidae and Noctuidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera) from northwestern North America, with notes on Chytolita Grote (Erebidae) and Hydraecia Guenee (Noctuidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.264.4304" volume="264" year="2013">Crabo et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C952D1287828C6FFA9BE7C481B45640" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.264.4304" author="Crabo, LG" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" pagination="85 - 123" refId="B2" refString="Crabo, LG, Davis, M, Hammond, P, Mustelin, T, Shepard, J, 2013. Five new species and three new subspecies of Erebidae and Noctuidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera) from northwestern North America, with notes on Chytolita Grote (Erebidae) and Hydraecia Guenee (Noctuidae). ZooKeys 264: 85 - 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.264.4304" title="Five new species and three new subspecies of Erebidae and Noctuidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera) from northwestern North America, with notes on Chytolita Grote (Erebidae) and Hydraecia Guenee (Noctuidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.264.4304" volume="264" year="2013">Crabo et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) consisting of an angular, anvil-shaped lobe, with an additional ridge-like prominence on base of lobe; clasper scarcely discernible, a minute rounded ridge; ampulla of clasper a minute nodule bearing 5-6 setae; editum scarcely discernible as a slightly raised bump bearing 20-25 long, thin bristle-like setae; digitus absent. Aedeagus 5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1E829541928F185D78A8FCB611F88B8B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than wide, with slight ventrad curvature, with thin sclerotized band extending onto base of vesica and adjoining sclerotized plate of 6-7 stout, ventrally-projecting spines that are closely set and sub-parallel; vesica slightly rugose and sclerotized at base, and with a sub-basal and medial diverticulum; sub-basal diverticulum with a large tine-like spine that is directed basad; vesica length 0.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D4078C287648C132074CC30230BAA45D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
that of aedeagus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720381" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="E5320739F0C96C2027A7E990574A37C4" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720381" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="88175E0453D7278325969663D4C0CD68" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<emphasis id="24F9C583C916F80ED8CDA7A282FEF729" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Adult habitus of female
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57D6F92412D13618C967DCE42178163F" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="78B6CC34956F388519423D6170D9B85E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720382" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="2699759DC819ED38A5B733434D455E2B" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720382" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DA0EBAA862CA3AD6FE2216F6B21B7EE8" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3652A648945FAE8065601136AA10DD8E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Adult habitus of male
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BE034F870F768F4ADD06DD0C91F0A859" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E6358F3982AF364F7710A34FD44EA1C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720383" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="BDE9DDEF5CA73AD5B115BFA45CD41A30" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720383" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||||
<paragraph id="32AE47B150B7EB9049E8D152D185D15E" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E91888D396BD09A67BA2FE44D0DE44B6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
Female genitalia of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0474D4BA4116A6F00696B8C420303E88" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="82982D48440E458295BFE28CF3A76B47" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720384" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="7FA15ECB45648A4F1D15CC8CC8477346" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720384" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A264980A6CD9D3386DED99B41A05243E" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6FE6B14090210F0040414ABF88CE568C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Male genitalia of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1C7238442E15E7690299AE1C6EBCFFFA" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6CA18C3CCBE9D135FA98B21BAC93F21D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2022" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FA9B0E43B1823BF4902B485505BEF226" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7595932B1DC641D301E909B4D07BCA42" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="20B871948CAD9B4618116E255FCFB745" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="919C37589A47D01F6C9A0602CFF874F7" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DB161E792B798C1716AC5BD3DFBB67C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a composition derived from
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">bosque nublado</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="8A5F995DBA29F8726AEA4C785C930B3C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">bosque nublado</emphasis>
|
||||
, the Latin American term for the cloud forest habitat of the type species, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Apamea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5BEC7EDFF7C8A72A640FE30434B9A2FA" authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1982D2B90ADAA694D38DA69F9CBA0734" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Apamea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the type genus of the tribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="tribe" tribe="Apameini">Apameini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E82A38428F7AFBDC27D27F5816902C86" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="tribe" tribe="Apameini">Apameini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="000DD3D619464BAD9AA630F02F66CE9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3CC16A4E7669628422B6825A6EDDD50D" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A38778BA42341071E7B879FD6E8A4AD2" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
Cursory examination of other Neotropical species with externally similar facies, particularly those currently placed in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trachea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Trachea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="646174CABD2412F1A02FB8A483E99C75" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trachea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="00872C9BEA126389EE713AC9D01FFF33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Trachea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paratrachea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratrachea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Paratrachea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C36DA739387D46433DDD26894076C25C" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paratrachea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratrachea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6CF5EAA85426057658819D92037356E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Paratrachea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heterochroma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterochroma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Heterochroma</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E52812D8464CAB8B164C0656E27A265F" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heterochroma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterochroma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6FE8F205031619004037A2A72D1E5DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Heterochroma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
did not reveal other potential congeners.
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8A30B65E27512816A6AD1C84CBF51568" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AB5B558F00E4C882D77FF1E9530E47ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the BOLD record database (as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trachea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachea activolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="activolans">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Trachea activolans</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FEDAE1F5A7CA49B3DE6160F63A92D8FB" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trachea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachea activolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="activolans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="18D77E18343932A3BB483A1299308906" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Trachea activolans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">sic</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B27797051AB8C541C88F7767144E8E9D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">sic</emphasis>
|
||||
) are assigned to BIN number BOLD:AAE8386 (http://v4.boldsystems.org).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Biology and distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0EDD4EBB339E3218F1C13C9FF7184FE9" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DC0EAB79A5534CCBFAA90F4103260188" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Biology and distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4367110CC3FE79D6248A9B942916AAF2" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
The immature stages, larval biology, and host plants of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9F30D003AFF04203B78618D6C7DD0F52" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1F79C35CA71FD1270511223E986A298E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the sole species currently in the genus, are unknown. The ecology of most
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="tribe" tribe="Apameini">Apameini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="49C9EE9258F89C06C5CFD4D38E788EE1" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="tribe" tribe="Apameini">Apameini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is closely linked to graminoid monocots, with the characteristic female ovipositor modified to insert eggs into various parts of the host plant, including between the leaf blade and stalk, and within seed heads. Since many apameine species are closely linked to specific graminoid hosts, it may be that
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2022" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="80554E909353DD82B75AD60F35F28889" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="228DE0DC3211A48E9A974FC5E263C043" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is associated with
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1822" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chusquea" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Chusquea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C7C350065B23F1B7DBDC3336953ECED2" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1822" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chusquea" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DC7A5618D56C2A4EDEAB6F8982FE2EAE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Chusquea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1822" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3424C068DEDC96565DCF5C455F43917C" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1822" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: subfamily
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1822" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bambusoideae">Bambusoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="074E8E661DAA7BE6E8DA1DEC7520FB98" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1822" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bambusoideae">Bambusoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), a common graminoid of Neotropical cloud forests. Although no other apameines are known to utilize
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1822" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chusquea" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Chusquea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7115B7D4455444597CD409BBE5131F06" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1822" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chusquea" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9A0F93DBD306339D492A2D8323B02B07" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Chusquea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, several North American genera are dietary specialists on
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Michaux" authorityYear="1803" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Arundinaria" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arundinaria" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Arundinaria</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0B50CEC7C2C315A443798975BD903ED0" authorityName="A.Michaux" authorityYear="1803" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Arundinaria" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arundinaria" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A55BF2CFA3FC3FE1B298F0CD534D812E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Arundinaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, also a bambusoid grass (subfamily
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Michaux" authorityYear="1803" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Arundinaria" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bambusoideae">Bambusoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C9015EBD377E7AF49943BCDB1E5F4DA8" authorityName="A.Michaux" authorityYear="1803" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bambusoideae">Bambusoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). The distribution is limited to the Talamancan montane forest ecoregion of montane Costa Rica, between elevations of 1500 and 3300 m (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Distribution of examined specimens of Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720385" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">5</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4AA9DF66105362C9336270DC5E0BBA10" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Distribution of examined specimens of Nublapamea altivolans." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720385" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">5</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720385" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="AA997827C8A84FF6C9EB3EFB68B32470" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.84361.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/720385" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E98176EEB3481D2165078E3F624947C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<emphasis id="64303CFCB757BE5BB9866FBC9A7A3881" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
Distribution of examined specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8736860AFDAE2BC2BD859DEEE31A8F2B" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nublapamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nublapamea altivolans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altivolans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6454293C6C7034947659A4FC7BA51425" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Nublapamea altivolans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
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