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<mods:title>Unexpected finding of rare and little known leaf beetle Chrysolina levi (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in West Siberia</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="0864F641DEDFCE772119453266297C2F">Unexpected finding of rare and little known leaf beetle Chrysolina levi (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in West Siberia</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation>Ural State Forest Engineering University, Sibirskiy Trakt, 37, Yekaterinburg, 620100, Russia & Ural Federal University, Mira Street, 19, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189470364" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B97D5E8896F5637AE2666F017275C57" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B97D5E8896F5637AE2666F017275C57" lastPageNumber="563" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
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<taxonomicName LSID="4B97D5E8-896F-5637-AE26-66F017275C57" authority="Okhrimenko, 1990: 64" authorityName="Okhrimenko" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chrysolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysolina (Chalcoidea) levi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levi" subGenus="Chalcoidea">Chrysolina (Chalcoidea) levi Okhrimenko, 1990: 64</taxonomicName>
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<treatment id="4B97D5E8896F5637AE2666F017275C57" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189470364" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B97D5E8896F5637AE2666F017275C57" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B97D5E8896F5637AE2666F017275C57" lastPageNumber="563" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" scope_family="Chrysomelidae" scope_order="Coleoptera">
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<taxonomicName id="4F8A7ACAA2F01B530D14B19510C8DF77" LSID="4B97D5E8-896F-5637-AE26-66F017275C57" authority="Okhrimenko, 1990: 64" authorityName="Okhrimenko" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chrysolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysolina (Chalcoidea) levi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levi" subGenus="Chalcoidea">Chrysolina (Chalcoidea) levi Okhrimenko, 1990: 64</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="563" type="previous known localities">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Previous known localities.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
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<subSubSection id="BDF0FF7BFC666F147EAAE5B530AA213C" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" type="previous known localities">
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<paragraph id="4FFEE81DE82141EE68EE96240705E25C" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Previous known localities.</paragraph>
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RUSSIA • 1♂ (holotype), 1♀ (paratype); Krasnodar Province,
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Taman’">Taman'</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="5FFB8BC24E17810C541B2FEF52BAA4AF" originalValue="Taman’">Taman'</normalizedToken>
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peninsula, env. of Sennoy;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="45.274" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="45.274">45.274°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="DFBFB5AEE9ABF81F50E43E52B6EA205A" degrees="45.274" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="45.274">45.274°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="36.993" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="36.993">36.993°E</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="79A23B2A847B5791B19BBFC258D7D177" degrees="36.993" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="36.993">36.993°E</geoCoordinate>
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; 25 Jun. 1987; B.A. Korotyaev leg.; sagebrush-cereal steppe (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Okhrimenko, NV" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" pagination="64 - 67" refId="B7" refString="Okhrimenko, NV, 1990. A new species of the genus Chrysolina (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from the West Caucasus. Vestnik Zoologii 5: 64 - 67" title="A new species of the genus Chrysolina (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from the West Caucasus." volume="5" year="1990">Okhrimenko 1990</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="D08BFB96802A9205D8AA7A7512A10B13" author="Okhrimenko, NV" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" pagination="64 - 67" refId="B7" refString="Okhrimenko, NV, 1990. A new species of the genus Chrysolina (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from the West Caucasus. Vestnik Zoologii 5: 64 - 67" title="A new species of the genus Chrysolina (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from the West Caucasus." volume="5" year="1990">Okhrimenko 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) - ZIN indicated as official depository but in fact deposited in NOC (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bienkowski, AO" journalOrPublisher="Publ., Livny" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" refId="B3" refString="Bienkowski, AO, 2019. . Chrysolina of the world - 2019 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Taxonomic review. Mukhametov G.V. Publ., Livny" title=". Chrysolina of the world - 2019 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Taxonomic review. Mukhametov G. V." year="2019">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bieńkowski">Bienkowski</normalizedToken>
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<bibRefCitation id="9A17FF16665B73A2E836DF03C7E0FDA7" author="Bienkowski, AO" journalOrPublisher="Publ., Livny" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" refId="B3" refString="Bienkowski, AO, 2019. . Chrysolina of the world - 2019 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Taxonomic review. Mukhametov G.V. Publ., Livny" title=". Chrysolina of the world - 2019 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Taxonomic review. Mukhametov G. V." year="2019">
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2019
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); RUSSIA • 1♀; Krasnodar province, Temryuk district, 10 km NW Kuchugury village,
|
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<geoCoordinate degrees="45.450" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="45.45">45.450°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="E66D1E48D18D1518CBACE5AF32FBD5DE" degrees="45.450" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="45.45">45.450°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="36.856" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="36.856">36.856°E</geoCoordinate>
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||||
; 31 May 1999; S. Lingafelter leg.; on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Linaria genistifolia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Linaria genistifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8C0491BD95D6DF775A045EA2A26D0521" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Linaria genistifolia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
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<emphasis id="7CC0D3D66780808A5CBE2CB3F9014A0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Linaria genistifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
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||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bienkowski, AO" journalOrPublisher="Techpolygraphcentre, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" refId="B1" refString="Bienkowski, AO, 2007. A monograph of the genus Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the world. Part 1. Techpolygraphcentre, Moscow" title="A monograph of the genus Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the world. Part 1." year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="471307D4785C520D0C471409F0E9C0F0" author="Bienkowski, AO" journalOrPublisher="Techpolygraphcentre, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" refId="B1" refString="Bienkowski, AO, 2007. A monograph of the genus Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the world. Part 1. Techpolygraphcentre, Moscow" title="A monograph of the genus Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the world. Part 1." year="2007">
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<normalizedToken id="7C393B49DA69A05F91E0672A59B8DE3B" originalValue="Bieńkowski">Bienkowski</normalizedToken>
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2007
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).
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="563" type="specimen examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Specimen examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B7D3DFECBCC80756B276856D42A847F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" type="specimen examined">
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<paragraph id="E57E2DCF7755A65E3E0B5DCD115EA83F" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Specimen examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C7454A67FD5FEF7E613C68ED519B669C" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
RUSSIA • 1♂; Omsk region, Cherlak district, 7 km NNW Jartargul village, Sylkin lake shore;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="54.448" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="54.448">54.448°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="9D68CF452A9BF7E114DD0558134A2BA2" degrees="54.448" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="54.448">54.448°N</geoCoordinate>
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||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="75.550" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="75.55">75.550°E</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="B572C475ACE02D45E4A5AFD6945FA488" degrees="75.550" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="75.55">75.550°E</geoCoordinate>
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||||
; 26-27 Jul. 2015; R. and E. Dudko leg.; saline land (solonchak); collected at night with torch (YMC).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="563" type="redescription">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Redescription of male.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="8E93124B345E5BBD1E312D7B090BE35F" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" type="redescription">
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||||
<paragraph id="FE659D82A71EA2F35EF6036410FE7D49" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Redescription of male.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CB572CC5D7509B4924B1214D326D08F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
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||||
Body elongate-ovate, shining, finely shagreened (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of Chrysolina levi and pronota of Chalcoidea other representatives. A - Dorsal view of Ch. levi (male) B - Pronotum of Ch. marginata finitima (south of Yamal peninsula) C - Pronotum of Ch. immarginata (Kyrgyzstan, Sary-Dzhas river valley) D - Pronotum of Ch. dieckmanni (holotype). Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473986" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">1</figureCitation>
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||||
<figureCitation id="C8DB44CF7464379959FBECE84CF48EA2" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of Chrysolina levi and pronota of Chalcoidea other representatives. A - Dorsal view of Ch. levi (male) B - Pronotum of Ch. marginata finitima (south of Yamal peninsula) C - Pronotum of Ch. immarginata (Kyrgyzstan, Sary-Dzhas river valley) D - Pronotum of Ch. dieckmanni (holotype). Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473986" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">1</figureCitation>
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).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">TL</emphasis>
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||||
<emphasis id="17BEA44CB7635A0E92B0413E9521B38D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">TL</emphasis>
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||||
- 6.2 mm,
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||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">EW</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BD5B4E54CE3628453C4DCD2ADC43CB85" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">EW</emphasis>
|
||||
- 3.7 mm. Dorsum bronze, unicoloured, underside and legs black, with feeble bronze reflex. Antennae, maxillary palpi and tarsi dark brown, antennomeres 1 and 2 beneath and claws rufous.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473986" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="B1A7737FAA119CAE07E608E3BBAD110D" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473986" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B6178D9DE0F52CA8EAF52035334EE4B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
<emphasis id="216F29BCDF228DD97CD2DFDFDBC71D23" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Habitus of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Okhrimenko" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chrysolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysolina levi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Chrysolina levi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F5A365115F878A4E9E02DE27B3F77471" authorityName="Okhrimenko" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chrysolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysolina levi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3998A12EFA0968BF33BB82E4433C7CE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Chrysolina levi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and pronota of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalcoidea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Chalcoidea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="514FDB4979CA225349332B405701F3BE" authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalcoidea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="459C82CC4CB7D695C75C9168E91FB8B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Chalcoidea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
other representatives.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="396ECBA9ABD5BAF28C40F44F74A30E03" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">A</emphasis>
|
||||
- Dorsal view of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Ch." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ch. levi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Ch. levi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D7B6A2D618AC691DFB0D530FF722C702" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ch. levi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B88527E0670A88C82F06D9334F0A480A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Ch. levi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(male)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E45BF38DB7B566CA8074110DF3D00E9E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">B</emphasis>
|
||||
- Pronotum of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Ch." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ch. marginata subsp. finitima" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="marginata" subSpecies="finitima">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Ch. marginata finitima</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="95DAEF9E8A0DE2500EF1B0A646407D19" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ch. marginata subsp. finitima" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="marginata" subSpecies="finitima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2439C444493924BBAC583144F2570A12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Ch. marginata finitima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(south of Yamal peninsula)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C05C80AE0048F85D046BED717A97448D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">C</emphasis>
|
||||
- Pronotum of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Ch." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ch. immarginata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immarginata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Ch. immarginata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6AE890AB9B7292B9649256E7B40B2DF5" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ch. immarginata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immarginata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9AC55737B0C85603BC97DF613C92227E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Ch. immarginata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Kyrgyzstan, Sary-Dzhas river valley)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="884F57EF0437FDF172645A17D88B24F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">D</emphasis>
|
||||
- Pronotum of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Ch." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ch. dieckmanni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dieckmanni">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Ch. dieckmanni</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7A4E1224026944FE8D1F5CC473BA5495" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ch. dieckmanni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dieckmanni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCCC111B6CAB850F1D7AF3E91C4C69E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Ch. dieckmanni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(holotype). Scale 1 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Head.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="05515107A2D434AB135C2AEECFF0882C" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5BE91B19D7A91A3B1CE5E659E302F4E6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Head.</emphasis>
|
||||
Frontoclypeus finely and densely punctured; frontal suture slightly impressed, epicranial suture hardly visible. Last maxillary palpomere wide, almost square, straightly truncate, 1.1x longer then broad, 1.4x longer and 1.5x wider than previous palpomere. Relative length of antennomeres 1-3 as ratios 7, 3, 5. Tenth antennomere 1.6x longer than broad, eleventh antennomere - 2.1x. Orbital lines narrow, almost reaching antennal insertion.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="385EF141748F855C38269E7B60DF9B42" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1CECE36FF2FFF8A85A0A488B1B1AED9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||||
Pronotum transverse, almost twice (exactly 1.9x) broader than long, broadest anterior to middle; pronotal disc evenly convex, except for smooth ovate area medially covered with moderately large, dense punctures; sides slightly rounded, in basal half almost parallel-sided and noticeably converging anteriad; width between anterior angles 1.4x less than basal width. Anterior angles moderately produced, rounded triangular; basal angles obtuse, bearing one setiferous pore each; anterior edge margined, with dense setae, widely incised in bracket-shape; basal edge arcuately convex; sides swollen along entire length, lateral ridges very narrow, basally comprising only 1/7 of pronotal width; lateral impressions in basal 1/3 form deep grooves from fused coarse punctures with vertical outer border; anterior part of lateral impressions moderately deep with large and very dense but not coalescent punctures; hypomera slightly convex, with weak wrinkled impression along outer side, basal fold deep; prosternal process with deep longitudinal furrow; anterolateral portion of prosternum narrow, almost flat, with wide, slightly impressed furrow medially; prosternum 1.3x shorter than metasternum; metasternum deeply margined along anterior edge, 1.2x shorter than first ventrite; scutellum triangular, apically rounded, impunctate, 1.1x length.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Elytra.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6D36902C7856FE520C0B5A52537D0B74" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
<emphasis id="852F1EE3577C2DE2721A299D6500A5AA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Elytra.</emphasis>
|
||||
at base slightly wider than pronotum, with weak humeral callus, each elytron 2.3 times longer than wide.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">EL</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0F844B4416DC374C89EEB1BE1267A93E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">EL</emphasis>
|
||||
(elytral length) 4.6 mm. Primary puctures large, form rows that are paired starting with 2nd. Puncture rows partly confused, especially rows 6 and 7, row 1 confused where it goes closer to scutellar row, which consist of 9 punctures. Intervals flat, their punctation fine and sparse, with thin wrinkles, but among fine punctures there are also larger ones, almost of the same size as on pronotum. Marginal stria with large dense punctures. Sutural stria distinct at apical slope. Epipleura inclined outside, visible along entire length. Hind wings developed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Tarsi.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B56641F51E3A52E58E2CF1AA321DE34C" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5B4D6D84BCBCCC7B3CEA2B9F2636FFA9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Tarsi.</emphasis>
|
||||
moderately broadened, ratio of width of fore tarsomeres 1-3 as 1.0, 1.0, 1.5. All tarsomeres with entire sole beneath.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E5E9D020CC74DC6290DDDF0E6533F210" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
<emphasis id="419F2FFC8C85DD94B5827C7DE32B9CE9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||||
Pygidium with deep longitudinal furrow at 4/5 of entire length. Ventrite 1 broadly margined on anterior edge, covered with small sparse punctures, only anterior intercoxal process covered with large wrinkled punctures. Last ventrite very slightly convex, with slightly incised apex, medially with flat impunctate area slightly depressed apically.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Aedeagus.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2278ECD938F6F650F7326679F28A68D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1A86F84AE9AABE00DC4E69D11A000957" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Aedeagus.</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Aedeagus of Chrysolina levi laterally and dorsally. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473987" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="951535B34C0B486048FD16B4CB471C12" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Aedeagus of Chrysolina levi laterally and dorsally. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473987" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with broad rounded subtriangular apex, its dorsal surface weakly chitinized, lateral curves very slight. Flagellum thin, but not whip-shaped on the apex, slightly curved, produced from apical orifice for 1/3 of its length.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473987" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="D6BE7F3165A5802C70AED10D26D6D094" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473987" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FD437A17DD5643138B294B78DCDCA9BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D7CD6079961E5D6315EB206BA96D09EB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Aedeagus of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Okhrimenko" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chrysolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysolina levi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Chrysolina levi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9B5181635A30CE659F22BEC9ACFD57A5" authorityName="Okhrimenko" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chrysolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysolina levi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="23EBA402D6E2F4ECEF2C478831EE8D3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="563">Chrysolina levi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
laterally and dorsally. Scale 1 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,479 +1,479 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="2DADED8EB1FDE1E4F670FE4418C74F4D">Exploring the use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in the taxonomy of sea cucumbers: a case-study on the gravel sea cucumber Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Phyllophoridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Samyn, Yves</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Scientific Service of Patrimony, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">yves.samyn@naturalsciences.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart>Sonet, Gontran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Joint Experimental Molecular Unit, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="183753B010729062AD627A4A2ADDAA8D">Sonet, Gontran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3C12153DD2D40AB387E745453A142D45">Joint Experimental Molecular Unit, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>d'Acoz, Cedric d'Udekem</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Scientific Service of Patrimony, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="183922031" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BF419658EAD535A8752025BC9763C11" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4BF419658EAD535A8752025BC9763C11" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
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<taxonomicName LSID="4BF41965-8EAD-535A-8752-025BC9763C11" authority="(Oestergren, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Oestergren" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Neopentadactyla" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neopentadactyla mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
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<treatment id="4BF419658EAD535A8752025BC9763C11" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183922031" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BF419658EAD535A8752025BC9763C11" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4BF419658EAD535A8752025BC9763C11" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" scope_class="Holothuroidea" scope_family="Phyllophoridae" scope_phylum="Echinodermata">
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<subSubSection id="5F7F551F4C7418E225AA24A1455C3B39" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="772637175B412223AD55AB44EE5F6970" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
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<taxonomicName id="8737806B36351A3CBC06FA468DAC1653" ID-CoL="46PGK" LSID="4BF41965-8EAD-535A-8752-025BC9763C11" authority="(Oestergren, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Oestergren" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Neopentadactyla" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neopentadactyla mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
Neopentadactyla mixta (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Östergren">Oestergren</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="36CFBC256351B3CA0B7577DB5AD05995" originalValue="Östergren">Oestergren</normalizedToken>
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, 1898)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="description">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of dissected specimen B focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of dissected specimen C focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen D focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen E SEM view of the rosettes from the shaft of a tentacle F SEM view of the 2 - pillared tables from the introvert G SEM view of the rods and rosettes from a tentacle tip H SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the dorsal body wall I SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the ventral body wall J SEM view of the plates from the dorsal tube feet K SEM view of the plates from the ventral tube feet L SEM view of half of an end-plate from a ventral tube foot. Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D); 50 μm (E-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574384" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Figures 1A-L</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring B lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces) C oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring D focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574385" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">, 2A-D</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="50C43EEB7B66FB8297954B3321B76371" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="C0B41AE9F71B005B53DBA66C21EEBD82" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
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<figureCitation id="C49A6A14ED7938867A769FFC5596D90F" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of dissected specimen B focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of dissected specimen C focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen D focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen E SEM view of the rosettes from the shaft of a tentacle F SEM view of the 2 - pillared tables from the introvert G SEM view of the rods and rosettes from a tentacle tip H SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the dorsal body wall I SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the ventral body wall J SEM view of the plates from the dorsal tube feet K SEM view of the plates from the ventral tube feet L SEM view of half of an end-plate from a ventral tube foot. Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D); 50 μm (E-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574384" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Figures 1A-L</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F2374B13305BA9520958A414C3D279E3" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring B lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces) C oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring D focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574385" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">, 2A-D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="reference_group">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ostergren" authorityYear="1898" class="Holothurioidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pseudocucumis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocucumis mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">Pseudocucumis mixta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Östergren">Oestergren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FC38FD0E65A5D08B65C0C45F563B751D" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="24EC5AF2DC1AF6F81083AAF0E5EB954F" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FA5A65559EF1F294648439D1EBE15DAC" authorityName="Ostergren" authorityYear="1898" class="Holothurioidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pseudocucumis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocucumis mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">Pseudocucumis mixta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7B84F0A1190239420CC6280B0CFF0630" originalValue="Östergren">Oestergren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1898: 104, 105, 135, fig. 3 (p. 109).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ostergren" authorityYear="1898" class="Holothurioidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pseudocucumis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocucumis mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">Pseudocucumis mixta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="77DAFD152D517398F8F40F97266C158C" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="263659A0E4ABC4294B3F665DE7BBA128" authorityName="Ostergren" authorityYear="1898" class="Holothurioidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pseudocucumis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocucumis mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">Pseudocucumis mixta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1898.tb03186.x" author="Bedford, FP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="834 - 848" refId="B1" refString="Bedford, FP, 1898. Report on the holothurians collected, by M. J. Stanley Gardiner at Funafuti and Rotuma. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 68: 834 - 848, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1898.tb03186.x" title="Report on the holothurians collected, by M. J. Stanley Gardiner at Funafuti and Rotuma." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1898.tb03186.x" volume="68" year="1898">Bedford 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E61444E825DA9DE8C960454082F284C7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1898.tb03186.x" author="Bedford, FP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="834 - 848" refId="B1" refString="Bedford, FP, 1898. Report on the holothurians collected, by M. J. Stanley Gardiner at Funafuti and Rotuma. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 68: 834 - 848, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1898.tb03186.x" title="Report on the holothurians collected, by M. J. Stanley Gardiner at Funafuti and Rotuma." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1898.tb03186.x" volume="68" year="1898">Bedford 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 843 (discussion);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Oestergren, H" journalOrPublisher="Bergens Museum Aarborg" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 34" refId="B31" refString="Oestergren, H, 1902. The Holothuroidea of Northern Norway. Bergens Museum Aarborg 9: 1 - 34" title="The Holothuroidea of Northern Norway." volume="9" year="1902">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Östergren">Oestergren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="259BAEED63CB6BBA2ED91C003203489B" author="Oestergren, H" journalOrPublisher="Bergens Museum Aarborg" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 34" refId="B31" refString="Oestergren, H, 1902. The Holothuroidea of Northern Norway. Bergens Museum Aarborg 9: 1 - 34" title="The Holothuroidea of Northern Norway." volume="9" year="1902">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="56C517BF677AE05851655D78FE7147F3" originalValue="Östergren">Oestergren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1902
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 24, note 1;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Oestergren, H" journalOrPublisher="Bergens Museum Aarborg" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B32" refString="Oestergren, H, 1904. Pseudocucumis mixta. II. Mitteilungen aus Museen, Instituten usw. 1 Naturvetenskapliga Studentsaellskapet, Uppsala. Zoologische Sektion, Sitzung den 27 Maerz 1903: e659." title="Pseudocucumis mixta. II. Mitteilungen aus Museen, Instituten usw. 1 Naturvetenskapliga Studentsaellskapet, Uppsala. Zoologische Sektion, Sitzung den 27 Maerz 1903: e 659." year="1904">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Östergren">Oestergren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E5718B7316AD9533CB3C3F3B59CD71AF" author="Oestergren, H" journalOrPublisher="Bergens Museum Aarborg" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B32" refString="Oestergren, H, 1904. Pseudocucumis mixta. II. Mitteilungen aus Museen, Instituten usw. 1 Naturvetenskapliga Studentsaellskapet, Uppsala. Zoologische Sektion, Sitzung den 27 Maerz 1903: e659." title="Pseudocucumis mixta. II. Mitteilungen aus Museen, Instituten usw. 1 Naturvetenskapliga Studentsaellskapet, Uppsala. Zoologische Sektion, Sitzung den 27 Maerz 1903: e 659." year="1904">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5B7111C976CD3D0A5ED466BAF5F44B55" originalValue="Östergren">Oestergren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1904
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 659;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Oestergren, H" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B33" refString="Oestergren, H, 1906. Einige Bemerkungen ueber die westeuropaeischen Pseudocucumis - und Phyllophorus -Arten. Arkiv foer Zoologi 3 (16): 1 - 24" title="Einige Bemerkungen ueber die westeuropaeischen Pseudocucumis - und Phyllophorus - Arten." volume="3" year="1906">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Östergren">Oestergren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2476EF8E8167A431893E177EC0AFBC2A" author="Oestergren, H" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B33" refString="Oestergren, H, 1906. Einige Bemerkungen ueber die westeuropaeischen Pseudocucumis - und Phyllophorus -Arten. Arkiv foer Zoologi 3 (16): 1 - 24" title="Einige Bemerkungen ueber die westeuropaeischen Pseudocucumis - und Phyllophorus - Arten." volume="3" year="1906">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0DBEBF130C4CC0008DBE796F6DCE2EAF" originalValue="Östergren">Oestergren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1906
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 1-24, figs 1-3;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Ohshima, H" journalOrPublisher="2). Clarendon Press, Oxford" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B29" refString="Ohshima, H, 1912. On the system of Phyllophorinae with description of the species found in Japan Annotationes zoologicae japonenses 8(1): 53-96. [pl. 1.]" title="On the system of Phyllophorinae with description of the species found in Japan Annotationes zoologicae japonenses 8 (1): 53 - 96. [pl. 1.]" year="1912">Ohshima 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5312769276680DC3FD8F1E3D8643C69D" author="Ohshima, H" journalOrPublisher="2). Clarendon Press, Oxford" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B29" refString="Ohshima, H, 1912. On the system of Phyllophorinae with description of the species found in Japan Annotationes zoologicae japonenses 8(1): 53-96. [pl. 1.]" title="On the system of Phyllophorinae with description of the species found in Japan Annotationes zoologicae japonenses 8 (1): 53 - 96. [pl. 1.]" year="1912">Ohshima 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
54, 59 (discussion);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Lieberkind, I" journalOrPublisher="The Zoology of the Faroes" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B18" refString="Lieberkind, I, 1929. Echinodermata. The Zoology of the Faroes 3 (1): 1 - 20" title="Echinodermata." volume="3" year="1929">Lieberkind 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5544A5E39FF0D153A0BDA650E8019381" author="Lieberkind, I" journalOrPublisher="The Zoology of the Faroes" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B18" refString="Lieberkind, I, 1929. Echinodermata. The Zoology of the Faroes 3 (1): 1 - 20" title="Echinodermata." volume="3" year="1929">Lieberkind 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 14;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Massy, AL" journalOrPublisher="The Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="37 - 62" refId="B20" refString="Massy, AL, 1920. The Holothurioidea of the Coasts of lreland. The Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society 16: 37 - 62" title="The Holothurioidea of the Coasts of lreland." volume="16" year="1920">Massy 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="498BF2C196F639BECAE44B9CAA10616D" author="Massy, AL" journalOrPublisher="The Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="37 - 62" refId="B20" refString="Massy, AL, 1920. The Holothurioidea of the Coasts of lreland. The Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society 16: 37 - 62" title="The Holothurioidea of the Coasts of lreland." volume="16" year="1920">Massy 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 52;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Koehler, R" journalOrPublisher="Paul Lechevalier, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B13" refString="Koehler, R, 1921. Echinodermes. Faune de France, Tome 1. Paul Lechevalier, Paris" title="Echinodermes. Faune de France, Tome 1." year="1921">Koehler 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="542072C69BD898C404B8A441B894ACEA" author="Koehler, R" journalOrPublisher="Paul Lechevalier, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B13" refString="Koehler, R, 1921. Echinodermes. Faune de France, Tome 1. Paul Lechevalier, Paris" title="Echinodermes. Faune de France, Tome 1." year="1921">Koehler 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 168, fig. 124;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mortensen, Th" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B26" refString="Mortensen, Th, 1924. Pighude (Echinodermer). Danmarks Fauna 27. G.E.C. Gads Forlag, Kobenhavn, 207-256." title="Pighude (Echinodermer). Danmarks Fauna 27. G. E. C. Gads Forlag, Kobenhavn, 207 - 256." year="1924">Mortensen 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="781BDD0F3847D42D6F9BFEF10E08E210" author="Mortensen, Th" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B26" refString="Mortensen, Th, 1924. Pighude (Echinodermer). Danmarks Fauna 27. G.E.C. Gads Forlag, Kobenhavn, 207-256." title="Pighude (Echinodermer). Danmarks Fauna 27. G. E. C. Gads Forlag, Kobenhavn, 207 - 256." year="1924">Mortensen 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 236, fig. 116;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Koehler, R" journalOrPublisher="Librairie Octave, Gaston Doin, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B14" refString="Koehler, R, 1927. Les Echinodermes des Mers d'Europe, Tome 2. Librairie Octave, Gaston Doin, Paris" title="Les Echinodermes des Mers d'Europe, Tome 2." year="1927">Koehler 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5A5F8750CE274399BCCD13372B7C1F5C" author="Koehler, R" journalOrPublisher="Librairie Octave, Gaston Doin, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B14" refString="Koehler, R, 1927. Les Echinodermes des Mers d'Europe, Tome 2. Librairie Octave, Gaston Doin, Paris" title="Les Echinodermes des Mers d'Europe, Tome 2." year="1927">Koehler 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 195, pl. 16, fig 16;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Engel, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, Hors Serie" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="3 - 42" refId="B7" refString="Engel, H, 1933. Holothuries. Resultats Scientifiques du Voyage aux Indes Orientales Neerlandaises de LL. AA. RR. Le Prince et la Princesse Leopold de Belgique. Memoires du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, Hors Serie 3 (13): 3 - 42" title="Holothuries. Resultats Scientifiques du Voyage aux Indes Orientales Neerlandaises de LL. AA. RR. Le Prince et la Princesse Leopold de Belgique." volume="3" year="1933">Engel 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A480773D1B4FACE369FA89DF77C66E5F" author="Engel, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, Hors Serie" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="3 - 42" refId="B7" refString="Engel, H, 1933. Holothuries. Resultats Scientifiques du Voyage aux Indes Orientales Neerlandaises de LL. AA. RR. Le Prince et la Princesse Leopold de Belgique. Memoires du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, Hors Serie 3 (13): 3 - 42" title="Holothuries. Resultats Scientifiques du Voyage aux Indes Orientales Neerlandaises de LL. AA. RR. Le Prince et la Princesse Leopold de Belgique." volume="3" year="1933">Engel 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 33-34 (distribution);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cherbonnier, G" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B4" refString="Cherbonnier, G, 1952. Sur la presence a Roscoff de Pseudocucumis mixta Ostergren (Holothurie dendrochirote). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (serie 2) 24: 570-573." title="Sur la presence a Roscoff de Pseudocucumis mixta Ostergren (Holothurie dendrochirote). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (serie 2) 24: 570 - 573." year="1952">Cherbonnier 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9FF1761E065C2475BF992CC3AAF40236" author="Cherbonnier, G" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B4" refString="Cherbonnier, G, 1952. Sur la presence a Roscoff de Pseudocucumis mixta Ostergren (Holothurie dendrochirote). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (serie 2) 24: 570-573." title="Sur la presence a Roscoff de Pseudocucumis mixta Ostergren (Holothurie dendrochirote). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (serie 2) 24: 570 - 573." year="1952">Cherbonnier 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 570, figs 1, 2;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" author="Koennecker, G" journalOrPublisher=") Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B16" refString="Koennecker, G, Keegan, BF, 1973. In situ behavioural studies on echinoderm aggregations. Helgolaender wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24: 157-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" title="In situ behavioural studies on echinoderm aggregations. Helgolaender wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24: 157 - 162." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" year="1973">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Könnecker">Koennecker</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C2D51659D1036135BEE5EAB039B5EF2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" author="Koennecker, G" journalOrPublisher=") Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B16" refString="Koennecker, G, Keegan, BF, 1973. In situ behavioural studies on echinoderm aggregations. Helgolaender wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24: 157-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" title="In situ behavioural studies on echinoderm aggregations. Helgolaender wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24: 157 - 162." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" year="1973">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="66370072332734EA751C3C9114BBC216" originalValue="Könnecker">Koennecker</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Keegan 1973
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 157-162 (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">in situ</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="24B118A308DC01DDEBA8350763CCC862" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">in situ</emphasis>
|
||||
pictures).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Holothurioidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pseudocucumis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocucumis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Pseudocucumis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Holothurioidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pseudocucumis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocucumis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Pseudocucumis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C5EC363962A5E8A10F632EAB9BC3F9D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A291B594BADAF9BD53840BE718A6F3EF" class="Holothurioidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pseudocucumis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocucumis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Pseudocucumis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A9B2D56764CC9321EDE9B9986FE92725" class="Holothurioidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pseudocucumis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocucumis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Pseudocucumis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Cuenoti Koehler & Vaney, 1905: 395, figs 1-6.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Oestergren" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Neopentadactyla" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neopentadactyla mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">Neopentadactyla mixta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="275471E1B461F328FB1C7380F588D805" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="70303C44745BFF6F37BF8F30A406BBE5" baseAuthorityName="Oestergren" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Neopentadactyla" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neopentadactyla mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">Neopentadactyla mixta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: Deichmann, 1944: 736;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Heding, SG" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 209" refId="B12" refString="Heding, SG, Panning, A, 1954. Phyllophoridae. Eine Bearbeitung der Polytentaculaten Dendrochiroten Holothurien des Zoologische Museum in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis 13: 1 - 209" title="Phyllophoridae. Eine Bearbeitung der Polytentaculaten Dendrochiroten Holothurien des Zoologische Museum in Kopenhagen." volume="13" year="1954">Heding and Panning 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6AD3816EC59ECDE6FAC252F03417BBA8" author="Heding, SG" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 209" refId="B12" refString="Heding, SG, Panning, A, 1954. Phyllophoridae. Eine Bearbeitung der Polytentaculaten Dendrochiroten Holothurien des Zoologische Museum in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis 13: 1 - 209" title="Phyllophoridae. Eine Bearbeitung der Polytentaculaten Dendrochiroten Holothurien des Zoologische Museum in Kopenhagen." volume="13" year="1954">Heding and Panning 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 186, fig. 91;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078913-20" author="Feral, JP" editor="Jangoux," journalOrPublisher="Echinoderms: Present and Past, Rotterdam" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="111 - 113" refId="B8" refString="Feral, JP, 1979. Neopentadactyla mixta (Holothurioidea: Phyllophoridae) - Spiculation et croissance. In: Jangoux, , Ed.,. Echinoderms: Present and Past, Rotterdam: 111 - 113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078913-20" title="Neopentadactyla mixta (Holothurioidea: Phyllophoridae) - Spiculation et croissance." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078913-20" volumeTitle="." year="1979">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Féral">Feral</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6791F21D7EC5FB7FEDC09AE449744E69" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078913-20" author="Feral, JP" editor="Jangoux," journalOrPublisher="Echinoderms: Present and Past, Rotterdam" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="111 - 113" refId="B8" refString="Feral, JP, 1979. Neopentadactyla mixta (Holothurioidea: Phyllophoridae) - Spiculation et croissance. In: Jangoux, , Ed.,. Echinoderms: Present and Past, Rotterdam: 111 - 113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078913-20" title="Neopentadactyla mixta (Holothurioidea: Phyllophoridae) - Spiculation et croissance." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078913-20" volumeTitle="." year="1979">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="711701826D8E2D85EA64D290EEB8E75B" originalValue="Féral">Feral</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1979
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 111, figs A-L;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Feral, JP" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="41 - 49" refId="B9" refString="Feral, JP, 1980. Variation de la spiculation au cours de la croissance chez Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren) 1898. (Holothurioidea, Phyllophoridae). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 21: 41 - 49" title="Variation de la spiculation au cours de la croissance chez Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren) 1898. (Holothurioidea, Phyllophoridae)." volume="21" year="1980">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Féral">Feral</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="480909DB5B9456626983099898FC5302" author="Feral, JP" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="41 - 49" refId="B9" refString="Feral, JP, 1980. Variation de la spiculation au cours de la croissance chez Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren) 1898. (Holothurioidea, Phyllophoridae). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 21: 41 - 49" title="Variation de la spiculation au cours de la croissance chez Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren) 1898. (Holothurioidea, Phyllophoridae)." volume="21" year="1980">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3CED82E220F65B0ED5C702F90160A698" originalValue="Féral">Feral</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1980
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 42, figs 1, 2;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400070697" author="Smith, TB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the marine biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="301 - 311" refId="B43" refString="Smith, TB, 1983. Tentacular ultrastructure and feeding behaviour of Neopentadactyla mixta (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirota). Journal of the marine biological Association of the United Kingdom 63 (2): 301 - 311, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400070697" title="Tentacular ultrastructure and feeding behaviour of Neopentadactyla mixta (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirota)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400070697" volume="63" year="1983">Smith 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7269D097D7CE238A28A9E99F06A506D9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400070697" author="Smith, TB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the marine biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="301 - 311" refId="B43" refString="Smith, TB, 1983. Tentacular ultrastructure and feeding behaviour of Neopentadactyla mixta (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirota). Journal of the marine biological Association of the United Kingdom 63 (2): 301 - 311, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400070697" title="Tentacular ultrastructure and feeding behaviour of Neopentadactyla mixta (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirota)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400070697" volume="63" year="1983">Smith 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 301, figs 1-4;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, E" journalOrPublisher="Marine Conservation Society, IMMEL Publishing, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B47" refString="Wood, E, 1988. Sea Life of Britain & Ireland. Marine Conservation Society, IMMEL Publishing, London" title="Sea Life of Britain & Ireland." year="1988">Wood 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54986653904DF151925A92BD81FED969" author="Wood, E" journalOrPublisher="Marine Conservation Society, IMMEL Publishing, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B47" refString="Wood, E, 1988. Sea Life of Britain & Ireland. Marine Conservation Society, IMMEL Publishing, London" title="Sea Life of Britain & Ireland." year="1988">Wood 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 143, 151 (drawing), 179;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyse, J" editor="Hayward, PJ" journalOrPublisher="2). Clarendon Press, Oxford" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="839 - 871" refId="B28" refString="Moyse, J, Tyler, PA, 1990. Echinodermata. In: Hayward, PJ, Ryland, JS, Eds., The Marine Fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe (Vol. 2). Clarendon Press, Oxford: 839 - 871" title="Echinodermata." volumeTitle="The Marine Fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe (Vol." year="1990">Moyse and Tyler 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9B9FC5DF8249ECD452165025FA83CD19" author="Moyse, J" editor="Hayward, PJ" journalOrPublisher="2). Clarendon Press, Oxford" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="839 - 871" refId="B28" refString="Moyse, J, Tyler, PA, 1990. Echinodermata. In: Hayward, PJ, Ryland, JS, Eds., The Marine Fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe (Vol. 2). Clarendon Press, Oxford: 839 - 871" title="Echinodermata." volumeTitle="The Marine Fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe (Vol." year="1990">Moyse and Tyler 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 866 (key), 869, fig. 15.14 (upper left);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" author="Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="101 - 127" refId="B11" refString="Hansen, B, McKenzie, JD, 1991. A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 103 (2): 101 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" title="A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" volume="103" year="1991">Hansen and McKenzie 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B15D2770DFF42367F547039BAAC000D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" author="Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="101 - 127" refId="B11" refString="Hansen, B, McKenzie, JD, 1991. A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 103 (2): 101 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" title="A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" volume="103" year="1991">Hansen and McKenzie 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 123 (lectotype and 3 paralectotypes), fig. 126-140;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" author="McKenzie, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="123 - 171" refId="B22" refString="McKenzie, DJ, 1991. The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians. Journal of Natural History 25: 123 - 171, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" title="The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" volume="25" year="1991">McKenzie 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B795A1D3299C56CA7817CCF233E5D2A1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" author="McKenzie, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="123 - 171" refId="B22" refString="McKenzie, DJ, 1991. The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians. Journal of Natural History 25: 123 - 171, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" title="The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" volume="25" year="1991">McKenzie 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 126, fig. 1; 132, fig. 3a-d;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Picton, BE" journalOrPublisher="IMMEL Publications, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B36" refString="Picton, BE, 1993. A Field Guide to the Echinoderms of the British Isles. IMMEL Publications, London" title="A Field Guide to the Echinoderms of the British Isles." year="1993">Picton 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="29B6E94C1DAAC379F80B252FB5A86C6E" author="Picton, BE" journalOrPublisher="IMMEL Publications, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B36" refString="Picton, BE, 1993. A Field Guide to the Echinoderms of the British Isles. IMMEL Publications, London" title="A Field Guide to the Echinoderms of the British Isles." year="1993">Picton 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 78 (colour photograph);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="McKenzie, DJ" editor="Howson, CM" journalOrPublisher="Ulster Museum and the Marine Conservation Society, Belfast and Ross-on-Wye" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="268 - 276" refId="B23" refString="McKenzie, DJ, 1997. Echinodermata. In: Howson, CM, Picton, BE, Eds., The Species Directory of the Marine Fauna and Flora of the British Isles and Surrounding Seas. Ulster Museum and the Marine Conservation Society, Belfast and Ross-on-Wye: 268 - 276" title="Echinodermata." volumeTitle="The Species Directory of the Marine Fauna and Flora of the British Isles and Surrounding Seas." year="1997">McKenzie 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F91BD22E5863B4D7E3E390A8C25BD412" author="McKenzie, DJ" editor="Howson, CM" journalOrPublisher="Ulster Museum and the Marine Conservation Society, Belfast and Ross-on-Wye" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="268 - 276" refId="B23" refString="McKenzie, DJ, 1997. Echinodermata. In: Howson, CM, Picton, BE, Eds., The Species Directory of the Marine Fauna and Flora of the British Isles and Surrounding Seas. Ulster Museum and the Marine Conservation Society, Belfast and Ross-on-Wye: 268 - 276" title="Echinodermata." volumeTitle="The Species Directory of the Marine Fauna and Flora of the British Isles and Surrounding Seas." year="1997">McKenzie 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 274;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Southward, EC" journalOrPublisher="The Linnean Society of London and The estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association, Shrewsbyry" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B41" refString="Southward, EC, Campbell, AC, 2006. Echinoderms. In: Crothers JH, Hayward PJ (Eds) Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) 56. The Linnean Society of London and The estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association, Shrewsbyry" title="Echinoderms. In: Crothers JH, Hayward PJ (Eds) Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) 56." year="2006">Southward and Campbell 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A1833E5261AEBDCAB6FE3139B4C1690F" author="Southward, EC" journalOrPublisher="The Linnean Society of London and The estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association, Shrewsbyry" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B41" refString="Southward, EC, Campbell, AC, 2006. Echinoderms. In: Crothers JH, Hayward PJ (Eds) Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) 56. The Linnean Society of London and The estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association, Shrewsbyry" title="Echinoderms. In: Crothers JH, Hayward PJ (Eds) Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) 56." year="2006">Southward and Campbell 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 224, fig. 201.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="status and location of types">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Status and location of types.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6DF6B38FBDA438BD7F9905C531085284" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="status and location of types">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3872B9B997E10AABDC056BE76CD26096" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Status and location of types.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E6C474166605FA9979AD6F2AB1C4F1BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Sweden (UPSZTY 2346): lectotype (249a); 2 paralectotypes (249b) (designated by McKenzie in 1990 according to the database of the Upsala Museum).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" author="McKenzie, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="123 - 171" refId="B22" refString="McKenzie, DJ, 1991. The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians. Journal of Natural History 25: 123 - 171, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" title="The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" volume="25" year="1991">McKenzie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2F5CA4A74C23D7322CEC7D8F9E67A864" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" author="McKenzie, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="123 - 171" refId="B22" refString="McKenzie, DJ, 1991. The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians. Journal of Natural History 25: 123 - 171, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" title="The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" volume="25" year="1991">McKenzie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
stated that he did not designate a lectotype and paralectotypes. In another publication
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" author="Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="101 - 127" refId="B11" refString="Hansen, B, McKenzie, JD, 1991. A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 103 (2): 101 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" title="A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" volume="103" year="1991">Hansen and McKenzie (1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EB501492F20753A4D6F37A7B9181206B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" author="Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="101 - 127" refId="B11" refString="Hansen, B, McKenzie, JD, 1991. A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 103 (2): 101 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" title="A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" volume="103" year="1991">Hansen and McKenzie (1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 123) did designate and describe the lectotype ("Typsamlingen Nr. 249a") from the four syntypes as present in the Uppsala
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Museum’s">Museum's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4E9C25A0C332EF959F9E2C8B13555F29" originalValue="Museum’s">Museum's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
collection; the three remaining syntypes therefore become paralectotypes.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" author="Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="101 - 127" refId="B11" refString="Hansen, B, McKenzie, JD, 1991. A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 103 (2): 101 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" title="A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" volume="103" year="1991">Hansen and McKenzie (1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FCE29292A484DBFFF53B72795C1F5FA2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" author="Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="101 - 127" refId="B11" refString="Hansen, B, McKenzie, JD, 1991. A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 103 (2): 101 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" title="A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" volume="103" year="1991">Hansen and McKenzie (1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 123) stated that they have maintained the original division of the four syntypes over two jars (249a and 249b), "each containing two specimens one of which was dissected, the other intact". According to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" author="Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="101 - 127" refId="B11" refString="Hansen, B, McKenzie, JD, 1991. A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 103 (2): 101 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" title="A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" volume="103" year="1991">Hansen and McKenzie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9C3C55461249A09EE456634DCEF56F3D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" author="Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="101 - 127" refId="B11" refString="Hansen, B, McKenzie, JD, 1991. A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 103 (2): 101 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" title="A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" volume="103" year="1991">Hansen and McKenzie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, the lectotype is thus together with one of the paralectotype in Jar 249a, while the other two paralectotypes are in jar 249b. We did not revisit this type series.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AE2C94ACAFDEBF6A9610A553F7DA67BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31B9B3FD2C7C0F9B9298429EC813C08" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3E916466DFFD96DE172D7E08CFA7BB64" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
W. Norway (most likely Molde, i.e., about
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="62.75">62°45'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="4F8C7A8222BD3A6E0D9EF782035DE19C" degrees="62" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="62.75">62°45'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.233333">7°14'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="1466F1840A0A0D8FEEA6AA9032C0B146" degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.233333">7°14'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="67227207984BBC6B4A25C1DA7376A8D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="52E5D75121FA92B9550401EBF6437EC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A71C0453F9FB6D8F50A871E0DC8CB4E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
RBINS I.G. 33990, HOL.1736 (
|
||||
<specimenCount type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
<specimenCount id="AB25428465D4B2146168D334A5E11D06" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
plus SEM stubs: I.G. 33990/HOL.1736/1-8).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Description</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">(based on material examined).</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="89D63BAEFD1CBE8550C4CD7ACCB1F141" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8637D64A56BAE82E96F774CDAFC52B15" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Description</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="07B0689760FAA9AE86902140AA604CAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<emphasis id="51DDDFFDF2E8FAC19382890FC38AA08D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">(based on material examined).</emphasis>
|
||||
Body elongate, with central part inflated and anterior and posterior ends more narrow. Length of fixed specimens 50-155 mm (measured along the dorsal face); diameter 30-80 mm at mid-body, 21-43 mm anteriorly and 12-25 mm posteriorly. Color in alcohol after a short period of preservation same as color in life: body light beige, with irregular, brownish spots and patches (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of dissected specimen B focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of dissected specimen C focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen D focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen E SEM view of the rosettes from the shaft of a tentacle F SEM view of the 2 - pillared tables from the introvert G SEM view of the rods and rosettes from a tentacle tip H SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the dorsal body wall I SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the ventral body wall J SEM view of the plates from the dorsal tube feet K SEM view of the plates from the ventral tube feet L SEM view of half of an end-plate from a ventral tube foot. Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D); 50 μm (E-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574384" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">1A, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B1997573CEEEBECAD14563DD61450F52" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of dissected specimen B focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of dissected specimen C focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen D focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen E SEM view of the rosettes from the shaft of a tentacle F SEM view of the 2 - pillared tables from the introvert G SEM view of the rods and rosettes from a tentacle tip H SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the dorsal body wall I SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the ventral body wall J SEM view of the plates from the dorsal tube feet K SEM view of the plates from the ventral tube feet L SEM view of half of an end-plate from a ventral tube foot. Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D); 50 μm (E-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574384" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">1A, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
); patches larger ventrally. Tentacles with their shaft light beige and the branches brownish with beige tips. According to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" author="McKenzie, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="123 - 171" refId="B22" refString="McKenzie, DJ, 1991. The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians. Journal of Natural History 25: 123 - 171, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" title="The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" volume="25" year="1991">McKenzie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D649376E004E3CB8DC9E3C436298EE31" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" author="McKenzie, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="123 - 171" refId="B22" refString="McKenzie, DJ, 1991. The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians. Journal of Natural History 25: 123 - 171, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" title="The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" volume="25" year="1991">McKenzie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, 10 large, five small, and five intermediate sized tentacles can be observed in live specimens. Insufficient relaxation of the specimens at hand made it impossible to observe the exact position of the tentacles in the specimens under study. Tube feet predominantly in the radii, in irregular double series anteriorly and posteriorly and in up to six rows, spreading into the interradii ventrally. Tube feet light beige. Body wall gritty to the touch. Body wall thin mid-body, thicker anteriorly and distally, possibly an artefact of fixation. Longitudinal muscles visible through the body wall where the skin is thinnest. Longitudinal muscles thick, undivided, and attached to the body wall along their entire width. Retractor muscles arise about 1/3 of the body length from anterior end, attaching to the radial section of the long and thin tubular calcareous ring, which itself is about 1/4 of the body length (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring B lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces) C oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring D focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574385" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">2A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7C5B3AAB5A9C78B779A35B6807220249" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring B lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces) C oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring D focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574385" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">2A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Calcareous ring with five radial and five interradial parts (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring B lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces) C oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring D focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574385" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D482368EFA5D64116567E4FD04886758" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring B lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces) C oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring D focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574385" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The radial parts are anteriorly notched, with 1-3 larger plates anteriorly and an irregular meshwork of smaller plates posteriorly. The interradial parts are anteriorly pointed, have 3 or 4 larger plates anteriorly and an irregular meshwork of smaller plates posteriorly (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring B lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces) C oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring D focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574385" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="5D306F089A4E56B18920EB4122533C22" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring B lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces) C oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring D focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574385" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Calcareous ring embedded in a thin layer of tissue, with the calcified elements connected by connective tissue. (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring B lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces) C oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring D focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574385" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">2D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3642534ACCEF6D24F2C4DBDE751551EA" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring B lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces) C oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring D focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574385" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">2D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). No clear posterior ending visible at the end of the comet-shaped, calcareous ring (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring B lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces) C oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring D focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574385" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">2A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50FD25AFAE5B3514B55C27B7D9D59FAA" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring B lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces) C oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring D focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574385" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">2A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Internal surfaces of especially the radial pieces are guttered (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring B lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces) C oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring D focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574385" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">2C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="40B956AB6E8E899B1991710AA32EE4F1" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring B lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces) C oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring D focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574385" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">2C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Single, very long Polian vesicle; single curled stone canal embedded in the dorsal mesentery (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring B lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces) C oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring D focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574385" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">2D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DAE5F9A8288F9FD6553ADC7B8198BB98" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring B lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces) C oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring D focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574385" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">2D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574384" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Oestergren" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Neopentadactyla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neopentadactyla mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Neopentadactyla mixta</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="9B4C7403DC92F3B010A3E2F41C17302E" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574384" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="473BE00FD73C0BAC56E65AE290C752A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9ECC61717CC0C27C138E9B251C72A2E7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D39701C4BD7C7CB7A39517519DB66327" baseAuthorityName="Oestergren" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Neopentadactyla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neopentadactyla mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E0327988E25C63043BE2E55CAA2CFFCF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Neopentadactyla mixta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Östergren">Oestergren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3EE6B705138831218658229B7F584424" originalValue="Östergren">Oestergren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1898)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0F9EF3198D64C8FF2ED84F8D27555C7D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">A</emphasis>
|
||||
focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of dissected specimen
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6F2F04BCA39536DCD0B96E02B1726326" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">B</emphasis>
|
||||
focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of dissected specimen
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="052304BEFE3E545F2A89F3ABDA592B86" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">C</emphasis>
|
||||
focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="518C0C94513E6414886E34B289B3597D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">D</emphasis>
|
||||
focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="17A53D38CB113851F649DC6D5C5DB762" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">E</emphasis>
|
||||
SEM view of the rosettes from the shaft of a tentacle
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D069DD1115F6CFF3BCD477C0EF2C330B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">F</emphasis>
|
||||
SEM view of the 2-pillared tables from the introvert
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="8D9A50B4D2727C357C8786155D1EE32E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">G</emphasis>
|
||||
SEM view of the rods and rosettes from a tentacle tip
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="75942C48EF6724FBF2E3303D26527513" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">H</emphasis>
|
||||
SEM view of the 4-pillared tables from the dorsal body wall
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">I</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="EA96D873D836E010C4D895E34D5FB5AB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">I</emphasis>
|
||||
SEM view of the 4-pillared tables from the ventral body wall
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">J</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6264EB214D90571A7F425B5FD8C3648E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">J</emphasis>
|
||||
SEM view of the plates from the dorsal tube feet
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">K</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="ED5F618AE1FD67645CD4C3010EA0227C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">K</emphasis>
|
||||
SEM view of the plates from the ventral tube feet
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">L</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6E6F5E417F33FDAF46D7263DB0FB1847" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">L</emphasis>
|
||||
SEM view of half of an end-plate from a ventral tube foot. Scale bars: 1 cm (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">A-D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="8F76EB380DC36FA8F4991441391AE661" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">A-D</emphasis>
|
||||
); 50
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D220F7EC4483FDC5ECAAE3B408E66987" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">E-L</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="9015850554C57BC3037DB4D890D68867" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">E-L</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574385" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Oestergren" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Neopentadactyla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neopentadactyla mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Neopentadactyla mixta</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="CFFB7B95A2E6EB7C5DD901789BC5E07D" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574385" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph id="26F7E1CA6B71A7815FF14FB410F21B5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0BE3E319A2787BA96D1AB91683C669D2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="61D0D9986C68CE8942367C02C766FB98" baseAuthorityName="Oestergren" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Neopentadactyla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neopentadactyla mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4867C50B8D5801BA6D5B91648DD998F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Neopentadactyla mixta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Östergren">Oestergren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7AA2325485F8A2AFD80B7984F1DFBA2D" originalValue="Östergren">Oestergren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1898)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3B621D3217650231C65780953E2701E0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">A</emphasis>
|
||||
micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E9A3777134B507253B559CA42ADD7FBB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">B</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B746C5371834D367926A2A2FE55C14FC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">C</emphasis>
|
||||
oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C51EE6616A8CEC829CE4FEC73A0E17F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">D</emphasis>
|
||||
focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">A-D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="504A2FA2994C79CC73CB3A701D0FC4D9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">A-D</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<paragraph id="86D7BDDF7A9699FD3ADA9A96AF2142FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
Tentacle shafts with irregular, complex rosettes, 30-45
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C116C6DB07D4F3D55E32454BC9F62100" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long and 15-25
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="ADC344D2D559365CDB960BB2A7611D86" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
wide (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of dissected specimen B focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of dissected specimen C focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen D focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen E SEM view of the rosettes from the shaft of a tentacle F SEM view of the 2 - pillared tables from the introvert G SEM view of the rods and rosettes from a tentacle tip H SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the dorsal body wall I SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the ventral body wall J SEM view of the plates from the dorsal tube feet K SEM view of the plates from the ventral tube feet L SEM view of half of an end-plate from a ventral tube foot. Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D); 50 μm (E-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574384" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">1E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D55543344ECEF38D4881DC7BCA50AB03" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of dissected specimen B focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of dissected specimen C focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen D focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen E SEM view of the rosettes from the shaft of a tentacle F SEM view of the 2 - pillared tables from the introvert G SEM view of the rods and rosettes from a tentacle tip H SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the dorsal body wall I SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the ventral body wall J SEM view of the plates from the dorsal tube feet K SEM view of the plates from the ventral tube feet L SEM view of half of an end-plate from a ventral tube foot. Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D); 50 μm (E-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574384" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">1E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); tentacle tips with straight to curved, terminally perforated rods, 30-55
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A8EA74E0F5803067C6574D7CAE70773E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long and rosettes similar to those of the tentacle shafts (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of dissected specimen B focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of dissected specimen C focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen D focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen E SEM view of the rosettes from the shaft of a tentacle F SEM view of the 2 - pillared tables from the introvert G SEM view of the rods and rosettes from a tentacle tip H SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the dorsal body wall I SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the ventral body wall J SEM view of the plates from the dorsal tube feet K SEM view of the plates from the ventral tube feet L SEM view of half of an end-plate from a ventral tube foot. Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D); 50 μm (E-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574384" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">1G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9D11E190BDB5F53ABAA8C8B2D8CE124F" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of dissected specimen B focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of dissected specimen C focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen D focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen E SEM view of the rosettes from the shaft of a tentacle F SEM view of the 2 - pillared tables from the introvert G SEM view of the rods and rosettes from a tentacle tip H SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the dorsal body wall I SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the ventral body wall J SEM view of the plates from the dorsal tube feet K SEM view of the plates from the ventral tube feet L SEM view of half of an end-plate from a ventral tube foot. Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D); 50 μm (E-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574384" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">1G</figureCitation>
|
||||
); introvert with 2-pillared tables only, disc smooth, 65-80
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BC8BA7D6225A524670C10F8166178809" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in diameter, irregular in outline, perforated by four central holes and a variable number of irregularly peripheral holes; pillars 40-65
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4FA61C385168111AF3C1520D807B6C3A" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
high, with single cross-beam, ending in a narrow, sparsely-spined crown (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of dissected specimen B focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of dissected specimen C focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen D focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen E SEM view of the rosettes from the shaft of a tentacle F SEM view of the 2 - pillared tables from the introvert G SEM view of the rods and rosettes from a tentacle tip H SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the dorsal body wall I SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the ventral body wall J SEM view of the plates from the dorsal tube feet K SEM view of the plates from the ventral tube feet L SEM view of half of an end-plate from a ventral tube foot. Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D); 50 μm (E-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574384" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">1F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D4C36C27E8A8A3A6F6395A87B8ED3B2E" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of dissected specimen B focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of dissected specimen C focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen D focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen E SEM view of the rosettes from the shaft of a tentacle F SEM view of the 2 - pillared tables from the introvert G SEM view of the rods and rosettes from a tentacle tip H SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the dorsal body wall I SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the ventral body wall J SEM view of the plates from the dorsal tube feet K SEM view of the plates from the ventral tube feet L SEM view of half of an end-plate from a ventral tube foot. Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D); 50 μm (E-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574384" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">1F</figureCitation>
|
||||
); dorsal and ventral body wall with 4-pillared tables, 80-100
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="955C622DD311C2337FBFA103CED2D241" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in diameter, smooth rim, irregular in outline, perforated by four central holes and a variable number of peripheral holes arranged in multiple irregular circles; pillars 60-76
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="149622D6A3B125AFE0A83755F02DB718" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
high, with single cross-beam, ending in a narrow, spined crown (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of dissected specimen B focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of dissected specimen C focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen D focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen E SEM view of the rosettes from the shaft of a tentacle F SEM view of the 2 - pillared tables from the introvert G SEM view of the rods and rosettes from a tentacle tip H SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the dorsal body wall I SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the ventral body wall J SEM view of the plates from the dorsal tube feet K SEM view of the plates from the ventral tube feet L SEM view of half of an end-plate from a ventral tube foot. Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D); 50 μm (E-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574384" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">1H, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFE296396FE8DFFB8DAF3770392F4C33" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of dissected specimen B focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of dissected specimen C focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen D focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen E SEM view of the rosettes from the shaft of a tentacle F SEM view of the 2 - pillared tables from the introvert G SEM view of the rods and rosettes from a tentacle tip H SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the dorsal body wall I SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the ventral body wall J SEM view of the plates from the dorsal tube feet K SEM view of the plates from the ventral tube feet L SEM view of half of an end-plate from a ventral tube foot. Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D); 50 μm (E-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574384" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">1H, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Dorsal and ventral tube feet with plates, 64-95
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DF129541A4F15630182429B1EAFA17DD" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long and 40-55
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="48F53876DA5A02A28F42ED7C494E843D" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
wide; endplate
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="34461F55704DAE6A870B5A73805488A3" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
200
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4DFB384048E2337D1DD8F68C63621A50" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in diameter, with uneven sized holes and with some relief (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of dissected specimen B focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of dissected specimen C focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen D focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen E SEM view of the rosettes from the shaft of a tentacle F SEM view of the 2 - pillared tables from the introvert G SEM view of the rods and rosettes from a tentacle tip H SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the dorsal body wall I SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the ventral body wall J SEM view of the plates from the dorsal tube feet K SEM view of the plates from the ventral tube feet L SEM view of half of an end-plate from a ventral tube foot. Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D); 50 μm (E-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574384" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">1L</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0AFA2ADE5531CAF0913A53D747D5DCDE" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) A focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of dissected specimen B focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of dissected specimen C focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen D focus-stacked view of the ventral-lateral view of a non-dissected specimen E SEM view of the rosettes from the shaft of a tentacle F SEM view of the 2 - pillared tables from the introvert G SEM view of the rods and rosettes from a tentacle tip H SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the dorsal body wall I SEM view of the 4 - pillared tables from the ventral body wall J SEM view of the plates from the dorsal tube feet K SEM view of the plates from the ventral tube feet L SEM view of half of an end-plate from a ventral tube foot. Scale bars: 1 cm (A-D); 50 μm (E-L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574384" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">1L</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Contrary to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Feral, JP" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="41 - 49" refId="B9" refString="Feral, JP, 1980. Variation de la spiculation au cours de la croissance chez Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren) 1898. (Holothurioidea, Phyllophoridae). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 21: 41 - 49" title="Variation de la spiculation au cours de la croissance chez Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren) 1898. (Holothurioidea, Phyllophoridae)." volume="21" year="1980">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Féral’s">Feral's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="05A066DAF9FF46AC592333E4496AB895" author="Feral, JP" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="41 - 49" refId="B9" refString="Feral, JP, 1980. Variation de la spiculation au cours de la croissance chez Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren) 1898. (Holothurioidea, Phyllophoridae). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 21: 41 - 49" title="Variation de la spiculation au cours de la croissance chez Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren) 1898. (Holothurioidea, Phyllophoridae)." volume="21" year="1980">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EC6D7FCE0653E9357555F4F823928AC6" originalValue="Féral’s">Feral's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1980)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
observation, no tables could be found in the tube feet. Longitudinal muscles devoid of ossicles.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E4EEF2AC143EA1617187B0122A36F47C" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="13ABC85A585821996C9F86BDA68D57AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D77585ACC3C4848607194CE9F666A0E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
North and West European coasts: Molde, West Norway (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Oestergren, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="10 - 110" refId="B30" refString="Oestergren, H, 1898. Zur Anatomie der Dendrochiroten, nebst Beschreibungen neuer Arten. Zoologischer Anzeiger 21 (551): 10 - 110" title="Zur Anatomie der Dendrochiroten, nebst Beschreibungen neuer Arten." volume="21" year="1898">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ötsergren">Oetsergren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1C9F48D1E79F7DE4385081F680BBE7A1" author="Oestergren, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="10 - 110" refId="B30" refString="Oestergren, H, 1898. Zur Anatomie der Dendrochiroten, nebst Beschreibungen neuer Arten. Zoologischer Anzeiger 21 (551): 10 - 110" title="Zur Anatomie der Dendrochiroten, nebst Beschreibungen neuer Arten." volume="21" year="1898">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="995AFAFC0EE8A1DD437CD253E4F50B34" originalValue="Ötsergren">Oetsergren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1898
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); Arcachon,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bréhat">Brehat</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B3E2AA99D298284F5F13E16A429D73C2" originalValue="Bréhat">Brehat</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Island, Wimereux, Roscoff, Chausey Islands, France (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Koehler, R" journalOrPublisher=") Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="395 - 400" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10091040" refId="B15" refString="Koehler, R, Vaney, C, 1905. Description d'une nouvelle holothurie des cotes de France (Pseudocucumis Cuenoti nov. sp.) Revue Suisse de Zoologie 13: 395 - 400, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10091040" title="Description d'une nouvelle holothurie des cotes de France (Pseudocucumis Cuenoti nov. sp." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10091040" volume="13" year="1905">Koehler and Vaney 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C933AB14EF2F02B7E47A30D7B8D325B" author="Koehler, R" journalOrPublisher=") Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="395 - 400" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10091040" refId="B15" refString="Koehler, R, Vaney, C, 1905. Description d'une nouvelle holothurie des cotes de France (Pseudocucumis Cuenoti nov. sp.) Revue Suisse de Zoologie 13: 395 - 400, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10091040" title="Description d'une nouvelle holothurie des cotes de France (Pseudocucumis Cuenoti nov. sp." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10091040" volume="13" year="1905">Koehler and Vaney 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Koehler, R" journalOrPublisher="Paul Lechevalier, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B13" refString="Koehler, R, 1921. Echinodermes. Faune de France, Tome 1. Paul Lechevalier, Paris" title="Echinodermes. Faune de France, Tome 1." year="1921">Koehler 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FCEB575A2093E327F3D31C5B65995E29" author="Koehler, R" journalOrPublisher="Paul Lechevalier, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B13" refString="Koehler, R, 1921. Echinodermes. Faune de France, Tome 1. Paul Lechevalier, Paris" title="Echinodermes. Faune de France, Tome 1." year="1921">Koehler 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cabioch, L" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="265 - 268" refId="B3" refString="Cabioch, L, 1965. Notes sur la faune marine benthique de Roscoff. Echinodermes. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 6: 265 - 268" title="Notes sur la faune marine benthique de Roscoff. Echinodermes." volume="6" year="1965">Cabioch 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="279ADA4868E23639854CDF851714A014" author="Cabioch, L" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="265 - 268" refId="B3" refString="Cabioch, L, 1965. Notes sur la faune marine benthique de Roscoff. Echinodermes. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 6: 265 - 268" title="Notes sur la faune marine benthique de Roscoff. Echinodermes." volume="6" year="1965">Cabioch 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078913-20" author="Feral, JP" editor="Jangoux," journalOrPublisher="Echinoderms: Present and Past, Rotterdam" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="111 - 113" refId="B8" refString="Feral, JP, 1979. Neopentadactyla mixta (Holothurioidea: Phyllophoridae) - Spiculation et croissance. In: Jangoux, , Ed.,. Echinoderms: Present and Past, Rotterdam: 111 - 113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078913-20" title="Neopentadactyla mixta (Holothurioidea: Phyllophoridae) - Spiculation et croissance." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078913-20" volumeTitle="." year="1979">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Féral">Feral</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="86C6F1830BC9AACCE6AA37DFBEFD3B0F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078913-20" author="Feral, JP" editor="Jangoux," journalOrPublisher="Echinoderms: Present and Past, Rotterdam" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="111 - 113" refId="B8" refString="Feral, JP, 1979. Neopentadactyla mixta (Holothurioidea: Phyllophoridae) - Spiculation et croissance. In: Jangoux, , Ed.,. Echinoderms: Present and Past, Rotterdam: 111 - 113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078913-20" title="Neopentadactyla mixta (Holothurioidea: Phyllophoridae) - Spiculation et croissance." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078913-20" volumeTitle="." year="1979">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="010D66E4AED30627A65F6D21332CD5F8" originalValue="Féral">Feral</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1979
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Feral, JP" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="41 - 49" refId="B9" refString="Feral, JP, 1980. Variation de la spiculation au cours de la croissance chez Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren) 1898. (Holothurioidea, Phyllophoridae). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 21: 41 - 49" title="Variation de la spiculation au cours de la croissance chez Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren) 1898. (Holothurioidea, Phyllophoridae)." volume="21" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="213BFFCB3BB72ACAC3F42E4B82D78106" author="Feral, JP" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="41 - 49" refId="B9" refString="Feral, JP, 1980. Variation de la spiculation au cours de la croissance chez Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren) 1898. (Holothurioidea, Phyllophoridae). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 21: 41 - 49" title="Variation de la spiculation au cours de la croissance chez Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren) 1898. (Holothurioidea, Phyllophoridae)." volume="21" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; this study); Northern British Islands, Faroe Islands (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Oestergren, H" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B33" refString="Oestergren, H, 1906. Einige Bemerkungen ueber die westeuropaeischen Pseudocucumis - und Phyllophorus -Arten. Arkiv foer Zoologi 3 (16): 1 - 24" title="Einige Bemerkungen ueber die westeuropaeischen Pseudocucumis - und Phyllophorus - Arten." volume="3" year="1906">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Östergren">Oestergren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0E91C34B767C1E1A035B6FCF9EE1D8BC" author="Oestergren, H" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B33" refString="Oestergren, H, 1906. Einige Bemerkungen ueber die westeuropaeischen Pseudocucumis - und Phyllophorus -Arten. Arkiv foer Zoologi 3 (16): 1 - 24" title="Einige Bemerkungen ueber die westeuropaeischen Pseudocucumis - und Phyllophorus - Arten." volume="3" year="1906">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="73CFB79F291D224EF5154D6B9FA65C9C" originalValue="Östergren">Oestergren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1906
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Lieberkind, I" journalOrPublisher="The Zoology of the Faroes" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B18" refString="Lieberkind, I, 1929. Echinodermata. The Zoology of the Faroes 3 (1): 1 - 20" title="Echinodermata." volume="3" year="1929">Lieberkind 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7C722B8E7551396ED66C3348D51A4D50" author="Lieberkind, I" journalOrPublisher="The Zoology of the Faroes" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B18" refString="Lieberkind, I, 1929. Echinodermata. The Zoology of the Faroes 3 (1): 1 - 20" title="Echinodermata." volume="3" year="1929">Lieberkind 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); Tatihou Island, Normandy, France (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Oestergren, H" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B33" refString="Oestergren, H, 1906. Einige Bemerkungen ueber die westeuropaeischen Pseudocucumis - und Phyllophorus -Arten. Arkiv foer Zoologi 3 (16): 1 - 24" title="Einige Bemerkungen ueber die westeuropaeischen Pseudocucumis - und Phyllophorus - Arten." volume="3" year="1906">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Östergren">Oestergren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="089486B4315B6FF4C6330BCCB19F1FA6" author="Oestergren, H" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B33" refString="Oestergren, H, 1906. Einige Bemerkungen ueber die westeuropaeischen Pseudocucumis - und Phyllophorus -Arten. Arkiv foer Zoologi 3 (16): 1 - 24" title="Einige Bemerkungen ueber die westeuropaeischen Pseudocucumis - und Phyllophorus - Arten." volume="3" year="1906">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EF9D49FFDD7D36F7BCD4EE50A69B1EB5" originalValue="Östergren">Oestergren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1906
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), Ireland (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Massy, AL" journalOrPublisher="The Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="37 - 62" refId="B20" refString="Massy, AL, 1920. The Holothurioidea of the Coasts of lreland. The Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society 16: 37 - 62" title="The Holothurioidea of the Coasts of lreland." volume="16" year="1920">Massy 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5558F31A1A7E98A7DC36EE98AB46ED06" author="Massy, AL" journalOrPublisher="The Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="37 - 62" refId="B20" refString="Massy, AL, 1920. The Holothurioidea of the Coasts of lreland. The Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society 16: 37 - 62" title="The Holothurioidea of the Coasts of lreland." volume="16" year="1920">Massy 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" author="Koennecker, G" journalOrPublisher=") Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B16" refString="Koennecker, G, Keegan, BF, 1973. In situ behavioural studies on echinoderm aggregations. Helgolaender wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24: 157-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" title="In situ behavioural studies on echinoderm aggregations. Helgolaender wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24: 157 - 162." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" year="1973">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Könnecker">Koennecker</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D924AFF0E25BE75288AAF4A46F6D41BB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" author="Koennecker, G" journalOrPublisher=") Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B16" refString="Koennecker, G, Keegan, BF, 1973. In situ behavioural studies on echinoderm aggregations. Helgolaender wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24: 157-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" title="In situ behavioural studies on echinoderm aggregations. Helgolaender wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24: 157 - 162." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" year="1973">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4AFE9B4D69DE35473996D172F603D6A2" originalValue="Könnecker">Koennecker</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Keegan 1973
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078913-20" author="Feral, JP" editor="Jangoux," journalOrPublisher="Echinoderms: Present and Past, Rotterdam" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="111 - 113" refId="B8" refString="Feral, JP, 1979. Neopentadactyla mixta (Holothurioidea: Phyllophoridae) - Spiculation et croissance. In: Jangoux, , Ed.,. Echinoderms: Present and Past, Rotterdam: 111 - 113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078913-20" title="Neopentadactyla mixta (Holothurioidea: Phyllophoridae) - Spiculation et croissance." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078913-20" volumeTitle="." year="1979">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Féral">Feral</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0ADEFC80C9AF9093EC418931B869D975" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078913-20" author="Feral, JP" editor="Jangoux," journalOrPublisher="Echinoderms: Present and Past, Rotterdam" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="111 - 113" refId="B8" refString="Feral, JP, 1979. Neopentadactyla mixta (Holothurioidea: Phyllophoridae) - Spiculation et croissance. In: Jangoux, , Ed.,. Echinoderms: Present and Past, Rotterdam: 111 - 113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078913-20" title="Neopentadactyla mixta (Holothurioidea: Phyllophoridae) - Spiculation et croissance." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078913-20" volumeTitle="." year="1979">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="61BCCC16D3E56C4029EF83A5DE59E166" originalValue="Féral">Feral</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1979
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); Denmark (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mortensen, Th" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B26" refString="Mortensen, Th, 1924. Pighude (Echinodermer). Danmarks Fauna 27. G.E.C. Gads Forlag, Kobenhavn, 207-256." title="Pighude (Echinodermer). Danmarks Fauna 27. G. E. C. Gads Forlag, Kobenhavn, 207 - 256." year="1924">Mortensen 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="382FB3163291CF60BA71C7F9E61A62C0" author="Mortensen, Th" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B26" refString="Mortensen, Th, 1924. Pighude (Echinodermer). Danmarks Fauna 27. G.E.C. Gads Forlag, Kobenhavn, 207-256." title="Pighude (Echinodermer). Danmarks Fauna 27. G. E. C. Gads Forlag, Kobenhavn, 207 - 256." year="1924">Mortensen 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); Swedish and Norwegian waters (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" author="Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="101 - 127" refId="B11" refString="Hansen, B, McKenzie, JD, 1991. A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 103 (2): 101 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" title="A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" volume="103" year="1991">Hansen and McKenzie 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8464B1C1563009D6FF24C6CD307455DA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" author="Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="101 - 127" refId="B11" refString="Hansen, B, McKenzie, JD, 1991. A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 103 (2): 101 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" title="A taxonomic review of Northern Atlantic species of Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00899.x" volume="103" year="1991">Hansen and McKenzie 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="bathymetric range">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Bathymetric range.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C9237078610E0266B11B67C0B41752A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="bathymetric range">
|
||||
<paragraph id="543BD944E4E8D9A720811A39C944848D" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Bathymetric range.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C847948483BB244DFF74A28E0DBEBEB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
Intertidal (present study) to 200 m depth (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Southward, EC" journalOrPublisher="The Linnean Society of London and The estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association, Shrewsbyry" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B41" refString="Southward, EC, Campbell, AC, 2006. Echinoderms. In: Crothers JH, Hayward PJ (Eds) Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) 56. The Linnean Society of London and The estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association, Shrewsbyry" title="Echinoderms. In: Crothers JH, Hayward PJ (Eds) Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) 56." year="2006">Southward and Campbell 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B8048067F3998021F88698EC4A6E5DA1" author="Southward, EC" journalOrPublisher="The Linnean Society of London and The estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association, Shrewsbyry" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B41" refString="Southward, EC, Campbell, AC, 2006. Echinoderms. In: Crothers JH, Hayward PJ (Eds) Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) 56. The Linnean Society of London and The estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association, Shrewsbyry" title="Echinoderms. In: Crothers JH, Hayward PJ (Eds) Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) 56." year="2006">Southward and Campbell 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Oestergren" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Neopentadactyla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neopentadactyla mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Neopentadactyla mixta</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EE69F83AFF3FE1ED8574D1C1E5DC7F04" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B7FEE51EF3A54DC1FE974AF3E4C9CBF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EBFB4F3DFEE8C9FFA9D78A779286E454" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1C8DB06DF59494CA6E63BE5A872A2C6F" baseAuthorityName="Oestergren" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Neopentadactyla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neopentadactyla mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E6284BAB615B2513E617943ACAC875C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Neopentadactyla mixta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is most frequently found in maerl beds and coarse shell gravels with fairly strong tidal streams. It is a gregarious species, which may occur in densities of up to 297 individuals/m2 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" author="Koennecker, G" journalOrPublisher=") Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B16" refString="Koennecker, G, Keegan, BF, 1973. In situ behavioural studies on echinoderm aggregations. Helgolaender wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24: 157-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" title="In situ behavioural studies on echinoderm aggregations. Helgolaender wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24: 157 - 162." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" year="1973">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Könnecker">Koennecker</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E8316D9E28E40D003EC7985AAAB288B1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" author="Koennecker, G" journalOrPublisher=") Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B16" refString="Koennecker, G, Keegan, BF, 1973. In situ behavioural studies on echinoderm aggregations. Helgolaender wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24: 157-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" title="In situ behavioural studies on echinoderm aggregations. Helgolaender wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24: 157 - 162." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" year="1973">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="988B553862E4AFAC690FD96FC1C3859A" originalValue="Könnecker">Koennecker</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Keegan 1973
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" author="McKenzie, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="123 - 171" refId="B22" refString="McKenzie, DJ, 1991. The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians. Journal of Natural History 25: 123 - 171, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" title="The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" volume="25" year="1991">McKenzie 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E446B2E0C5DE2072220628A4A237275A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" author="McKenzie, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="123 - 171" refId="B22" refString="McKenzie, DJ, 1991. The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians. Journal of Natural History 25: 123 - 171, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" title="The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091" volume="25" year="1991">McKenzie 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Picton, BE" journalOrPublisher="IMMEL Publications, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B36" refString="Picton, BE, 1993. A Field Guide to the Echinoderms of the British Isles. IMMEL Publications, London" title="A Field Guide to the Echinoderms of the British Isles." year="1993">Picton 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DBE7818746B5FB3057EB80462B1377FA" author="Picton, BE" journalOrPublisher="IMMEL Publications, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B36" refString="Picton, BE, 1993. A Field Guide to the Echinoderms of the British Isles. IMMEL Publications, London" title="A Field Guide to the Echinoderms of the British Isles." year="1993">Picton 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" author="Koennecker, G" journalOrPublisher=") Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B16" refString="Koennecker, G, Keegan, BF, 1973. In situ behavioural studies on echinoderm aggregations. Helgolaender wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24: 157-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" title="In situ behavioural studies on echinoderm aggregations. Helgolaender wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24: 157 - 162." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" year="1973">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Könnecker">Koennecker</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="430DF7DB658D18935AE359EBAAB3C300" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" author="Koennecker, G" journalOrPublisher=") Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" refId="B16" refString="Koennecker, G, Keegan, BF, 1973. In situ behavioural studies on echinoderm aggregations. Helgolaender wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24: 157-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" title="In situ behavioural studies on echinoderm aggregations. Helgolaender wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24: 157 - 162." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609508" year="1973">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CE52853EABE0CB20C6CB068A4A6144AF" originalValue="Könnecker">Koennecker</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Keegan (1973)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">N. mixta</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E5CDE9BAD951C83B7A6A9C82D852D50D" class="Holothuroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AB0FB842005B4710A2FD2D670A05C059" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">N. mixta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to be a rheophilic suspension feeder with diurnal feeding rhythm. Smith and Keegan (1985) demonstrated that
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">N. mixta</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FC3B942E1FB0C1A1B50C0CF58232A28D" class="Holothuroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="18644500BD96BA49F5D791091F59EA0C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">N. mixta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
individuals on the west coast of Ireland stop their suspension feeding from autumn to spring and retire to depths of 30-60 cm in the coarse sediments during that period. As with other phyllophorids (e.g.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Samyn & Thandar" authorityYear="2003" class="Polychaeta" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Massinium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Massinium maculosum" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="maculosum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Massinium maculosum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C1F1B0372F84D5949B60DF78614B3084" authorityName="Samyn & Thandar" authorityYear="2003" class="Polychaeta" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Massinium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Massinium maculosum" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="maculosum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="38AA8921AA084F993F7158999916F706" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Massinium maculosum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Samyn & Thandar, 2003), this species exposes only its tentacle crown and part of its introvert and the tip of its anus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0E4D2F4BB7B9E8E1D821282FEF831A20" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
The sediment from the beach where the studied specimens were collected consisted of coarse, gravelly sand, characteristic for a wave-beaten environment and harboured a very rich and diverse fauna of other burrowing taxa (
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Samyn & Thandar" authorityYear="2003" class="Bivalvia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Nemertea" rank="class">Bivalvia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EDF7C954674B6EC0144AAC58621EBC2B" authorityName="Samyn & Thandar" authorityYear="2003" class="Bivalvia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Nemertea" rank="class">Bivalvia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Samyn & Thandar" authorityYear="2003" class="Polychaeta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Nemertea" rank="class">Polychaeta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B1DE488BEF12AA860EBD12E413141CB6" authorityName="Samyn & Thandar" authorityYear="2003" class="Polychaeta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Nemertea" rank="class">Polychaeta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Samyn & Thandar" authorityYear="2003" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="phylum">Sipuncula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0A5DAC3E8FA994D89EAA3412EF8E4535" authorityName="Samyn & Thandar" authorityYear="2003" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="phylum">Sipuncula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Samyn & Thandar" authorityYear="2003" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Nemertea" rank="phylum">Nemertea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6D38F6534208A71CC9F4B4995BC445C" authorityName="Samyn & Thandar" authorityYear="2003" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Nemertea" rank="phylum">Nemertea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, etc.)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="systematics">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Systematics.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="039E7FA77E9F54DE34D709A8572EF0BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="systematics">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3CE1F6C68B8966F3BE08015865F50F98" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Systematics.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E36E6CAB088DC6B1E316DC39E9E1EE25" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
The DNA sequence retrieved from GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) most similar to the 18S sequence obtained here was labelled as
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Oestergren" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Neopentadactyla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neopentadactyla mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Neopentadactyla mixta</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1104C1F03BB8167019257200BE96291E" baseAuthorityName="Oestergren" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Neopentadactyla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neopentadactyla mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C2F99BE4F0D3E5422C215ED8BD7677D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Neopentadactyla mixta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(accession number AY133482). Its similarity with our sequence is 99.16%. This sequence is currently the only DNA sequences available online for this species. The next most similar public DNA records were from
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Michonneau & Paulay" authorityYear="2014" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyrella mookiei" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mookiei">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Phyrella mookiei</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7607ABE5253D5E110B63F83B29B4FAFD" authorityName="Michonneau & Paulay" authorityYear="2014" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyrella mookiei" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mookiei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7B4F738B9822726C9B5E7F8CEF90767C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Phyrella mookiei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Michonneau & Paulay, 2014 (KX856842, 97.18%), a phyllophorid, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Afrocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrocucumis africana" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Afrocucumis africana</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9CAF787496657C6F6761370D121E2F16" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Afrocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrocucumis africana" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2645BC8ABE65D778A6FE80E74A745DF4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Afrocucumis africana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Semper, 1867) (KX856841, 97.18%), a sclerodactylid. The high DNA similarity with
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">N. mixta</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="08F8116C8E8DAAB5AC72571E0F65A133" class="Holothuroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="13DB50B0D8E2E7C50D2FFCC6752BB1BB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">N. mixta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
supports the morphological identification of the specimen studied here as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">N. mixta</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A535A133D96113CCEDE9C25D10625412" class="Holothuroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7F5BD7C14109CE8072CE97E7B233291" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">N. mixta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, as a species belonging to
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ostergren" authorityYear="1907" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Phyllophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9D7F459D908875B8BC7AF8FBA636E420" authorityName="Ostergren" authorityYear="1907" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Phyllophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. This DNA-based result is backed up by its ecology, the gross morphology of the specimens, the structure of the calcareous ring, and the ossicle assemblage. However, the high DNA similarity with
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. africana" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">A. africana</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6943BD9741454EF65B1657645C4458E" lsidName="A. africana" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FEF58FEA0640910735085E9C30EBED3F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">A. africana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is troubling, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1944" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Afrocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrocucumis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Afrocucumis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0A8214AA22662EB63C58D8047DF7E028" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1944" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Afrocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrocucumis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="78237627553B4764CF577DF48F2C19FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Afrocucumis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Deichmann, 1944 is characterized by a very different "skeletal structure": the calcareous ring has its radial pieces with two short, unsegmented, projections; the interradial pieces are without posterior projections; and the body wall holds large, 310-400
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5A337BFE6629DEC67010B9CD1652B90D" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
wide lenticular plates (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Massin, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 53" refId="B21" refString="Massin, C, 1996. Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (19990). Part 4. The Holothurioidea (Echinodermata) collected at Amon during the Rhumphius Biohistorical Expedition. Zoologische Verhandelingen 307: 1 - 53" title="Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (19990). Part 4. The Holothurioidea (Echinodermata) collected at Amon during the Rhumphius Biohistorical Expedition." volume="307" year="1996">Massin 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BFD08A95FFBA36A9C0DF40322B70A354" author="Massin, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 53" refId="B21" refString="Massin, C, 1996. Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (19990). Part 4. The Holothurioidea (Echinodermata) collected at Amon during the Rhumphius Biohistorical Expedition. Zoologische Verhandelingen 307: 1 - 53" title="Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (19990). Part 4. The Holothurioidea (Echinodermata) collected at Amon during the Rhumphius Biohistorical Expedition." volume="307" year="1996">Massin 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">N. mixta</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="41ABEC5B16A2083D95E4D9FA8F41CE12" class="Holothuroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. mixta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3A2F47D78EC57C8B8EEF1CA2559F88CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">N. mixta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, no lenticular plates are present, and the calcareous ring is a much more complex structure (see the description above).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="deposition of images">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Deposition of images.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">SEM images of ossicles and a focus-stacked image of the calcareous ring has been put on the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences "Virtual Collections" website at http://virtualcollections.naturalsciences.be/virtual-collections/recent-invertebrates/echinodermata#c4=N&b_start=0.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="173">3D mesh files have been put on https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/be-rbins-hol-1736-neopentadactyla-mixta-b013d76558234a84a4b6907132eff93d.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6F39788F0D4E24D7F1FC9839086A65D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="deposition of images">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E96B5E70332A40DD9A506A9C3179625D" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Deposition of images.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="25C9689224966CD1B859D01BDC54C29C" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">SEM images of ossicles and a focus-stacked image of the calcareous ring has been put on the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences "Virtual Collections" website at http://virtualcollections.naturalsciences.be/virtual-collections/recent-invertebrates/echinodermata#c4=N&b_start=0.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2041EF7379F989579EB5585DFC537C65" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">3D mesh files have been put on https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/be-rbins-hol-1736-neopentadactyla-mixta-b013d76558234a84a4b6907132eff93d.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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