Add updates up until 2024-08-04 23:15:39

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<mods:identifier id="15D0F69E7A9542593DDAA998AE0519B5" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D9E007D6BFCF990B89DC22CAAFEE4563" type="Zenodo-Dep">13217758</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
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<paragraph id="532036A7FFE6692EFF01A2CCFB62FC2F" blockId="3.[136,1227,996,1023]" box="[136,1227,996,1023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="086881CBFFE6692EFF01A2CCFB62FC2F" box="[136,1227,996,1023]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" reason="3">
@ -175,41 +176,41 @@ by the following traits: branchlet end cells are not reduced and not sharply nar
<paragraph id="532036A7FFE66928FF01A400FB5DFD5D" blockId="3.[136,1452,1320,2067]" lastBlockId="5.[136,1452,158,1373]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="61EBEAB5FFE6692EFF01A400FEBBFA93" bold="true" box="[136,274,1320,1346]" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Description</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFEACA400FE32FA93" box="[293,411,1320,1346]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 222" captionStart-2="FIGURES 2328" captionStart-3="FIGURES 2937" captionStart-4="FIGURES 3846" captionStartId-0="2.[136,229,1989,2011]" captionStartId-1="4.[136,243,1788,1810]" captionStartId-2="6.[136,243,1531,1553]" captionStartId-3="7.[136,243,1918,1940]" captionStartId-4="8.[136,243,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,458,1961]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,190,1507]" captionTargetBox-3="[209,1378,190,1893]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1435,190,1831]" captionTargetId-0="figure-128@2.[151,1436,458,1961]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@4.[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetId-2="figure-18@6.[151,1435,190,1507]" captionTargetId-3="figure-25@7.[209,1378,190,1893]" captionTargetId-4="figure-18@8.[151,1435,190,1831]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Holotype and isotypes of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA-6283). The upper bigger plant is a holotype. Scale: 2 cm. Photograph by R.E. Romanov." captionText-1="FIGURES 222. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 25—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 810—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 1520—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 &amp; 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 211—5 mm, 1218, 2022—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." captionText-2="FIGURES 2328. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE), general appearance with different expression of surface sculpture, scanning electron microscopy: 2325—lateral view; 26—apical view; 27—basal view; 28—tangential view of basal pole. Scale: 100 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." captionText-3="FIGURES 2937. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE), different expression of surface sculpture, scanning electron microscopy: 29 &amp; 30—densely coarsely tuberculate surface; 31—different expression of oospore surface at neighboring fossae, from sparsely weakly tuberculate to having complex tubercles at the middle of fossa; 32 &amp; 33—isolated protrusions with acute forked ends; 34—tuberculate surface and tuberculate surface with forked acute protrusions at neighboring fossae; 3537—surface resembling an aerial view of a mountain landscape. Scale: 29, 31 &amp; 35—40 μm, 30, 32, 33, 34, 36 &amp; 37—20 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." captionText-4="FIGURES 3846. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Altai Mountains (LE), general appearance and sparsely coarsely tuberculate surface, scanning electron microscopy: 3842—general appearance: 38, 41 &amp; 42—lateral view of oospores with different degree of prominence of tubercles; 39 &amp; 40—basal view; 4346—sparsely coarsely tuberculate surface with different prominence of tubercles. Scale: 3842—100 μm, 43—10 μm, 4446—20 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Figs. 146</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFEACA400FE32FA93" box="[293,411,1320,1346]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 222" captionStart-2="FIGURES 2328" captionStart-3="FIGURES 2937" captionStart-4="FIGURES 3846" captionStartId-0="2.[136,229,1989,2011]" captionStartId-1="4.[136,243,1788,1810]" captionStartId-2="6.[136,243,1531,1553]" captionStartId-3="7.[136,243,1918,1940]" captionStartId-4="8.[136,243,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,458,1961]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,190,1507]" captionTargetBox-3="[209,1378,190,1893]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1435,190,1831]" captionTargetId-0="figure-128@2.[151,1436,458,1961]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@4.[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetId-2="figure-18@6.[151,1435,190,1507]" captionTargetId-3="figure-25@7.[209,1378,190,1893]" captionTargetId-4="figure-18@8.[151,1435,190,1831]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Holotype and isotypes of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA-6283). The upper bigger plant is a holotype. Scale: 2 cm. Photograph by R.E. Romanov." captionText-1="FIGURES 222. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 25—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 810—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 1520—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 &amp; 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 211—5 mm, 1218, 2022—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." captionText-2="FIGURES 2328. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE), general appearance with different expression of surface sculpture, scanning electron microscopy: 2325—lateral view; 26—apical view; 27—basal view; 28—tangential view of basal pole. Scale: 100 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." captionText-3="FIGURES 2937. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE), different expression of surface sculpture, scanning electron microscopy: 29 &amp; 30—densely coarsely tuberculate surface; 31—different expression of oospore surface at neighboring fossae, from sparsely weakly tuberculate to having complex tubercles at the middle of fossa; 32 &amp; 33—isolated protrusions with acute forked ends; 34—tuberculate surface and tuberculate surface with forked acute protrusions at neighboring fossae; 3537—surface resembling an aerial view of a mountain landscape. Scale: 29, 31 &amp; 35—40 μm, 30, 32, 33, 34, 36 &amp; 37—20 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." captionText-4="FIGURES 3846. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Altai Mountains (LE), general appearance and sparsely coarsely tuberculate surface, scanning electron microscopy: 3842—general appearance: 38, 41 &amp; 42—lateral view of oospores with different degree of prominence of tubercles; 39 &amp; 40—basal view; 4346—sparsely coarsely tuberculate surface with different prominence of tubercles. Scale: 3842—100 μm, 43—10 μm, 4446—20 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217760" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217762" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217764" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217766" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217768" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13217760/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13217762/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13217764/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13217766/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13217768/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Figs. 146</figureCitation>
):—Dioecious (female only) plants are dark green, without lime incrustation in a brackish environment but with evident incrustation in less brackish habitat, up to
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high, reaching up to
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in spawn if plants are spread for pressing at sheet (
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFDE1A458FD05FA5B" box="[616,684,1392,1418]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1989,2011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,458,1961]" captionTargetId="figure-128@2.[151,1436,458,1961]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype and isotypes of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA-6283). The upper bigger plant is a holotype. Scale: 2 cm. Photograph by R.E. Romanov." pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFDE1A458FD05FA5B" box="[616,684,1392,1418]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1989,2011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,458,1961]" captionTargetId="figure-128@2.[151,1436,458,1961]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype and isotypes of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA-6283). The upper bigger plant is a holotype. Scale: 2 cm. Photograph by R.E. Romanov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The protonema can persist and is easily recognizable because of its thickness and length resulting in a robust appearance. The internodes and branchlets above the first node are progressively shortening toward the apex, but branchlets are always clearly much longer than the internodes. This results in largely overlapping branchlet whorls especially at the shoot apices (
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFB85A4F4FBD2FA27" box="[1036,1147,1500,1526]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 222" captionStartId-0="2.[136,229,1989,2011]" captionStartId-1="4.[136,243,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,458,1961]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetId-0="figure-128@2.[151,1436,458,1961]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@4.[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Holotype and isotypes of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA-6283). The upper bigger plant is a holotype. Scale: 2 cm. Photograph by R.E. Romanov." captionText-1="FIGURES 222. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 25—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 810—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 1520—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 &amp; 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 211—5 mm, 1218, 2022—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFB85A4F4FBD2FA27" box="[1036,1147,1500,1526]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 222" captionStartId-0="2.[136,229,1989,2011]" captionStartId-1="4.[136,243,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,458,1961]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetId-0="figure-128@2.[151,1436,458,1961]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@4.[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Holotype and isotypes of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA-6283). The upper bigger plant is a holotype. Scale: 2 cm. Photograph by R.E. Romanov." captionText-1="FIGURES 222. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 25—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 810—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 1520—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 &amp; 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 211—5 mm, 1218, 2022—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217760" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217762" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13217760/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13217762/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
). No sterile branchlets are found. The first node produces numerous fertile branchlets, up to 12 (and more?), and shoots (
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFB28A728FB5BF9CB" box="[1185,1266,1536,1562]" captionStart="FIGURES 222" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 222. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 25—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 810—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 1520—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 &amp; 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 211—5 mm, 1218, 2022—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFB28A728FB5BF9CB" box="[1185,1266,1536,1562]" captionStart="FIGURES 222" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 222. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 25—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 810—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 1520—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 &amp; 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 211—5 mm, 1218, 2022—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217762/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). The branchlets are monopodial, i.e. having the main axis bearing a single node mostly placed closer to the branchlet base because of the more or less shortened basal internode of the branchlet. The length of the basal internode of branchlets sharply shortens from basal to apical axial nodes, being the longest and clearly visible at branchlets at the basal node of each plant (
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFF47A7B8FE35F97A" box="[206,412,1680,1707]" captionStart="FIGURES 222" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 222. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 25—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 810—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 1520—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 &amp; 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 211—5 mm, 1218, 2022—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Figs. 812, 1520</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFF47A7B8FE35F97A" box="[206,412,1680,1707]" captionStart="FIGURES 222" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 222. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 25—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 810—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 1520—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 &amp; 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 211—5 mm, 1218, 2022—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217762/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Figs. 812, 1520</figureCitation>
). The end of the main axis of the branchlet is 3-celled (
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFC72A7B8FBE4F97B" box="[1019,1101,1680,1706]" captionStart="FIGURES 222" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 222. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 25—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 810—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 1520—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 &amp; 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 211—5 mm, 1218, 2022—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFC72A7B8FBE4F97B" box="[1019,1101,1680,1706]" captionStart="FIGURES 222" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 222. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 25—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 810—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 1520—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 &amp; 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 211—5 mm, 1218, 2022—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217762/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
), 2-celled as an exception, with the longest basal cell being more than half of the end ray of the branchlet. Branchlet nodes bear three lateral rays, incl. single abaxial ones, always distinctly many times shorter than the branchlet main axis, frequently barely recognizable to almost invisible in dense clusters of oogonia (
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFD3EA7D4FCA4F8C7" box="[695,781,1788,1814]" captionStart="FIGURES 222" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 222. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 25—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 810—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 1520—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 &amp; 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 211—5 mm, 1218, 2022—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFD3EA7D4FCA4F8C7" box="[695,781,1788,1814]" captionStart="FIGURES 222" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 222. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 25—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 810—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 1520—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 &amp; 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 211—5 mm, 1218, 2022—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217762/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). The rays are 3-celled, rarely 2-celled, with progressively decreasing length of subsequent cells. Lateral rays can be with a single fertile node each bearing three subsequent lateral rays too (
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFEB0A66CFE16F88F" box="[313,447,1860,1886]" captionStart="FIGURES 222" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 222. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 25—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 810—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 1520—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 &amp; 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 211—5 mm, 1218, 2022—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Figs. 10, 22</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFEB0A66CFE16F88F" box="[313,447,1860,1886]" captionStart="FIGURES 222" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 222. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 25—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 810—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 1520—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 &amp; 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 211—5 mm, 1218, 2022—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217762/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Figs. 10, 22</figureCitation>
). The main axes of branchlets and lateral rays are gradually narrowing to the ends, although sometimes the difference between subsequent cells in width in case of short branchlets and 2-celled rays is spottable too. End cells are always with narrow to very narrow rounded, but not pointed tips (
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFBADA6A4FB7DF877" box="[1060,1236,1932,1958]" captionStart="FIGURES 222" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 222. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 25—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 810—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 1520—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 &amp; 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 211—5 mm, 1218, 2022—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Figs. 1214, 20</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFBADA6A4FB7DF877" box="[1060,1236,1932,1958]" captionStart="FIGURES 222" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 222. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 25—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 810—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 1520—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 &amp; 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 211—5 mm, 1218, 2022—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217762/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Figs. 1214, 20</figureCitation>
), short, but not tiny at long branchlets, rarely appearing somewhat mucronate in pressed state. Numerous oogonia (up to several dozen) are formed at axial nodes inside and outside of the whorls as well as at single nodes of each branchlet (
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFB58A6FCFA36F83E" box="[1233,1439,2004,2031]" captionStart="FIGURES 222" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 222. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 25—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 810—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 1520—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 &amp; 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 211—5 mm, 1218, 2022—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Figs. 213, 1522</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE6692EFB58A6FCFA36F83E" box="[1233,1439,2004,2031]" captionStart="FIGURES 222" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[151,1435,175,1781]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 222. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 25—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 810—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 1520—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 &amp; 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 211—5 mm, 1218, 2022—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217762/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="27">Figs. 213, 1522</figureCitation>
). Dense placement of oogonia at axial nodes and nodes of branchlets of the same whorl, close to axial nodes because of shortened basal rays of branchlets results in the false appearance of heads at first glance, although whole branchlets are not shortened. Oogonia are ellipsoid, numerous, densely clustered at the bases of whorls and branchlet nodes, sessile or at stalks up to 450 μm long, 360530 μm long excl. coronula, 350475 μm wide. Spiral cells form 79 convolutions; they are not swelling below the coronula, but as a really rare exception can be narrowing and extending in the shape of the cone below the coronula. Coronulae are hemispheric to widely conical with blunt tips, 3345 (as an exception 53) μm long, 6078 μm wide, consisting of cells with more or less equal length or slightly longer in the upper row and vice versa. Oospores are widely obovoid, with a widely rounded apical pole (
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE06928FC68A05EFBC0FE41" box="[993,1129,374,400]" captionStart="FIGURES 2328" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1435,190,1507]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2328. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE), general appearance with different expression of surface sculpture, scanning electron microscopy: 2325—lateral view; 26—apical view; 27—basal view; 28—tangential view of basal pole. Scale: 100 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." pageId="5" pageNumber="29">Figs. 2328</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE06928FC68A05EFBC0FE41" box="[993,1129,374,400]" captionStart="FIGURES 2328" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1435,190,1507]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2328. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE), general appearance with different expression of surface sculpture, scanning electron microscopy: 2325—lateral view; 26—apical view; 27—basal view; 28—tangential view of basal pole. Scale: 100 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217764/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="29">Figs. 2328</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE06928FBFAA05EFB14FE41" box="[1139,1213,374,400]" captionStart="FIGURES 3846" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1435,190,1831]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 3846. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Altai Mountains (LE), general appearance and sparsely coarsely tuberculate surface, scanning electron microscopy: 3842—general appearance: 38, 41 &amp; 42—lateral view of oospores with different degree of prominence of tubercles; 39 &amp; 40—basal view; 4346—sparsely coarsely tuberculate surface with different prominence of tubercles. Scale: 3842—100 μm, 43—10 μm, 4446—20 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." pageId="5" pageNumber="29">3842</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE06928FBFAA05EFB14FE41" box="[1139,1213,374,400]" captionStart="FIGURES 3846" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1435,190,1831]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 3846. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Altai Mountains (LE), general appearance and sparsely coarsely tuberculate surface, scanning electron microscopy: 3842—general appearance: 38, 41 &amp; 42—lateral view of oospores with different degree of prominence of tubercles; 39 &amp; 40—basal view; 4346—sparsely coarsely tuberculate surface with different prominence of tubercles. Scale: 3842—100 μm, 43—10 μm, 4446—20 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217768/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="29">3842</figureCitation>
), which is sometimes concave inside the oospore in a dry state, narrowing to the base, yellow-brown in an unripe state, dark brown to almost black in the ripe state in reflected light, red-wine-reddish to brown in the ripe state in transmitting light, with 6 to 7 flanged ribs and well-developed flanges around basal plates, 230340 μm long, 220330 μm wide, sparsely coarsely tuberculate to having the appearance of an aerial view of a mountain landscape with acute to mostly sharp edges of elements at the ripest stage (
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE06928FE4EA302FDFBFD95" box="[455,594,554,580]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 2328" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2937" captionStart-2="FIGURES 3846" captionStartId-0="6.[136,243,1531,1553]" captionStartId-1="7.[136,243,1918,1940]" captionStartId-2="8.[136,243,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,190,1507]" captionTargetBox-1="[209,1378,190,1893]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,190,1831]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@6.[151,1435,190,1507]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@7.[209,1378,190,1893]" captionTargetId-2="figure-18@8.[151,1435,190,1831]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 2328. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE), general appearance with different expression of surface sculpture, scanning electron microscopy: 2325—lateral view; 26—apical view; 27—basal view; 28—tangential view of basal pole. Scale: 100 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." captionText-1="FIGURES 2937. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE), different expression of surface sculpture, scanning electron microscopy: 29 &amp; 30—densely coarsely tuberculate surface; 31—different expression of oospore surface at neighboring fossae, from sparsely weakly tuberculate to having complex tubercles at the middle of fossa; 32 &amp; 33—isolated protrusions with acute forked ends; 34—tuberculate surface and tuberculate surface with forked acute protrusions at neighboring fossae; 3537—surface resembling an aerial view of a mountain landscape. Scale: 29, 31 &amp; 35—40 μm, 30, 32, 33, 34, 36 &amp; 37—20 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." captionText-2="FIGURES 3846. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Altai Mountains (LE), general appearance and sparsely coarsely tuberculate surface, scanning electron microscopy: 3842—general appearance: 38, 41 &amp; 42—lateral view of oospores with different degree of prominence of tubercles; 39 &amp; 40—basal view; 4346—sparsely coarsely tuberculate surface with different prominence of tubercles. Scale: 3842—100 μm, 43—10 μm, 4446—20 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." pageId="5" pageNumber="29">Figs. 2346</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE06928FE4EA302FDFBFD95" box="[455,594,554,580]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 2328" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2937" captionStart-2="FIGURES 3846" captionStartId-0="6.[136,243,1531,1553]" captionStartId-1="7.[136,243,1918,1940]" captionStartId-2="8.[136,243,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,190,1507]" captionTargetBox-1="[209,1378,190,1893]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,190,1831]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@6.[151,1435,190,1507]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@7.[209,1378,190,1893]" captionTargetId-2="figure-18@8.[151,1435,190,1831]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 2328. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE), general appearance with different expression of surface sculpture, scanning electron microscopy: 2325—lateral view; 26—apical view; 27—basal view; 28—tangential view of basal pole. Scale: 100 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." captionText-1="FIGURES 2937. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE), different expression of surface sculpture, scanning electron microscopy: 29 &amp; 30—densely coarsely tuberculate surface; 31—different expression of oospore surface at neighboring fossae, from sparsely weakly tuberculate to having complex tubercles at the middle of fossa; 32 &amp; 33—isolated protrusions with acute forked ends; 34—tuberculate surface and tuberculate surface with forked acute protrusions at neighboring fossae; 3537—surface resembling an aerial view of a mountain landscape. Scale: 29, 31 &amp; 35—40 μm, 30, 32, 33, 34, 36 &amp; 37—20 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." captionText-2="FIGURES 3846. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Altai Mountains (LE), general appearance and sparsely coarsely tuberculate surface, scanning electron microscopy: 3842—general appearance: 38, 41 &amp; 42—lateral view of oospores with different degree of prominence of tubercles; 39 &amp; 40—basal view; 4346—sparsely coarsely tuberculate surface with different prominence of tubercles. Scale: 3842—100 μm, 43—10 μm, 4446—20 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217764" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217766" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217768" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13217764/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13217766/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13217768/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="29">Figs. 2346</figureCitation>
). The presence of isolated well-developed pointed protrusions is notable too (
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE06928FF19A366FEB4FDB9" box="[144,285,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURES 2937" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,190,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-25@7.[209,1378,190,1893]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 2937. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE), different expression of surface sculpture, scanning electron microscopy: 29 &amp; 30—densely coarsely tuberculate surface; 31—different expression of oospore surface at neighboring fossae, from sparsely weakly tuberculate to having complex tubercles at the middle of fossa; 32 &amp; 33—isolated protrusions with acute forked ends; 34—tuberculate surface and tuberculate surface with forked acute protrusions at neighboring fossae; 3537—surface resembling an aerial view of a mountain landscape. Scale: 29, 31 &amp; 35—40 μm, 30, 32, 33, 34, 36 &amp; 37—20 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." pageId="5" pageNumber="29">Figs. 3234</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE06928FF19A366FEB4FDB9" box="[144,285,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURES 2937" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,190,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-25@7.[209,1378,190,1893]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 2937. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE), different expression of surface sculpture, scanning electron microscopy: 29 &amp; 30—densely coarsely tuberculate surface; 31—different expression of oospore surface at neighboring fossae, from sparsely weakly tuberculate to having complex tubercles at the middle of fossa; 32 &amp; 33—isolated protrusions with acute forked ends; 34—tuberculate surface and tuberculate surface with forked acute protrusions at neighboring fossae; 3537—surface resembling an aerial view of a mountain landscape. Scale: 29, 31 &amp; 35—40 μm, 30, 32, 33, 34, 36 &amp; 37—20 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217766/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="29">Figs. 3234</figureCitation>
). They are more acute and elongated in comparison to tubercles, conical or tubercle-like at the base, forked into 2 or 3 to several moderately divergent narrow acute endings. Male plants were not found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="532036A7FFE16929FF01A7D4FF42F7F8" blockId="4.[136,1452,1788,2089]" pageId="4" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="61EBEAB5FFE16929FF01A7D4FE86F8C0" bold="true" box="[136,303,1788,1810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="28">FIGURES 222.</emphasis>
Morphological traits of
@ -263,7 +264,7 @@ det.
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</emphasis>
(UBA-6283) (
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE06928FD1BA3F6FD7DFD29" box="[658,724,734,760]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1989,2011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,458,1961]" captionTargetId="figure-128@2.[151,1436,458,1961]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype and isotypes of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA-6283). The upper bigger plant is a holotype. Scale: 2 cm. Photograph by R.E. Romanov." pageId="5" pageNumber="29">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CBA42A22FFE06928FD1BA3F6FD7DFD29" box="[658,724,734,760]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1989,2011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,458,1961]" captionTargetId="figure-128@2.[151,1436,458,1961]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype and isotypes of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA-6283). The upper bigger plant is a holotype. Scale: 2 cm. Photograph by R.E. Romanov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217760/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="29">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, upper bigger plant).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>