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(
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@ -149,11 +150,11 @@ foliose, loosely adnate, membranaceous, ca. 12 ×
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black, unevenly distributed (
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<figureCitation id="13682BDDFF8B2F79FCEFF824FC49F85E" box="[893,982,1952,1978]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[136,229,1754,1776]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-19@20.[150,1435,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parmotrema aurantioreagens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Upper surface of lobes with marginal cilia unevenly distributed (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with marginal soralia at the tip of short laciniae, and margin of lower surface mottled with ivory white (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217488/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
), simple, very rarely 12 times branched, ca.
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in diameter at the base, up to
@ -163,7 +164,7 @@ long.
pale greenish grey, mat or slightly shiny, faintly to clearly effigurate white-maculate, slightly wrinkled, rarely smooth, sometimes cracked in the older parts, sorediate, lacking schizidia, pustules, dactyls, phyllidia and isidia.
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFF8B2F79FC12F788FC4DF7C2" box="[896,978,2060,2086]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Soralia</emphasis>
marginal at the tip of short laciniae (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFF8B2F7EFAECF788FF33F82D" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[136,229,1754,1776]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-19@20.[150,1435,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parmotrema aurantioreagens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Upper surface of lobes with marginal cilia unevenly distributed (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with marginal soralia at the tip of short laciniae, and margin of lower surface mottled with ivory white (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFF8B2F7EFAECF788FF33F82D" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[136,229,1754,1776]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-19@20.[150,1435,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parmotrema aurantioreagens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Upper surface of lobes with marginal cilia unevenly distributed (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with marginal soralia at the tip of short laciniae, and margin of lower surface mottled with ivory white (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217488/files/figure.png" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
), occasionally somewhat labriform.
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFF8C2F7EFDD6F82BFD06F82D" box="[580,665,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Soredia</emphasis>
subgranulose, (30)
@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ white throughout.
smooth or granulose, rather dull in the central part, shiny in the periphery, black to the margin, or with an ochraceous-buff erhizinate marginal zone (ca.
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wide) at main lobe tips; sorediate laciniae often ivory mottled (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFF8D2F7FFB35FF1AFA9DFF5C" box="[1191,1282,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[136,229,1754,1776]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-19@20.[150,1435,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parmotrema aurantioreagens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Upper surface of lobes with marginal cilia unevenly distributed (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with marginal soralia at the tip of short laciniae, and margin of lower surface mottled with ivory white (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFF8D2F7FFB35FF1AFA9DFF5C" box="[1191,1282,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[136,229,1754,1776]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-19@20.[150,1435,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parmotrema aurantioreagens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Upper surface of lobes with marginal cilia unevenly distributed (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with marginal soralia at the tip of short laciniae, and margin of lower surface mottled with ivory white (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217488/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFF8D2F7FFA85FF1AFAEAFF5C" box="[1303,1397,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rhizines</emphasis>
± in clusters, sometimes rather dense, concolor to the lower surface, often with pale tip when young, simple, rarely 12 times branched, slender, heterogeneous in size, up to
@ -206,7 +207,7 @@ prosoplectenchymatous, (11)
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFF8D2F7FFC66FEAAFBADFEAC" box="[1012,1074,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">14.2</emphasis>
(17) µm thick.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FF8C2F7EFF1AF95EFD9DF864" blockId="20.[136,1452,1754,1920]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFF8C2F7EFF1AF95EFE9FF90B" bold="true" box="[136,256,1754,1776]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFF8C2F7EFE9AF95FFDB8F914" box="[264,551,1755,1776]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="aurantioreagens">
@ -260,7 +261,7 @@ Rivas-Martínez
, at an elevation of
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, on the northern slope of the Piton des Neiges massif (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFF8D2F7FFD4DFDAEFCA6FDA0" box="[735,825,554,580]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[136,229,1754,1776]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-19@20.[150,1435,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parmotrema aurantioreagens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Upper surface of lobes with marginal cilia unevenly distributed (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with marginal soralia at the tip of short laciniae, and margin of lower surface mottled with ivory white (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFF8D2F7FFD4DFDAEFCA6FDA0" box="[735,825,554,580]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[136,229,1754,1776]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-19@20.[150,1435,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parmotrema aurantioreagens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Upper surface of lobes with marginal cilia unevenly distributed (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with marginal soralia at the tip of short laciniae, and margin of lower surface mottled with ivory white (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217488/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ Rivas-Martínez
Afzel. ex Sabine
</taxonomicName>
). The bioclimate of the locality is pluvial tropical, thermotype belt = upper thermotropical (It = 500), ombrotype belt = lower hyperhumid (Io = 16.2) (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFF8D2F7FFAECFD3EFF33FD1C" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[136,229,1754,1776]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-19@20.[150,1435,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parmotrema aurantioreagens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Upper surface of lobes with marginal cilia unevenly distributed (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with marginal soralia at the tip of short laciniae, and margin of lower surface mottled with ivory white (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFF8D2F7FFAECFD3EFF33FD1C" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[136,229,1754,1776]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-19@20.[150,1435,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parmotrema aurantioreagens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Upper surface of lobes with marginal cilia unevenly distributed (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with marginal soralia at the tip of short laciniae, and margin of lower surface mottled with ivory white (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217488/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FF8D2F7FFF2FFC86FE8FFBFC" blockId="21.[136,1452,158,1157]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
@ -343,7 +344,7 @@ Egan
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FF8D2F7FFF2FFBA6FBFBFB61" blockId="21.[136,1452,158,1157]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
As demonstrated by our phylogenetic analysis of a 3-locus data matrix (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFF8D2F7FFC6CFBA6FBDBFBD8" box="[1022,1092,1058,1084]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFF8D2F7FFC6CFBA6FBDBFBD8" box="[1022,1092,1058,1084]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFF8D2F7FFBCFFBA7FA34FBD8" box="[1117,1451,1059,1084]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="aurantioreagens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFF8D2F7FFBCFFBA7FA34FBD8" box="[1117,1451,1059,1084]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parmotrema aurantioreagens</emphasis>

View file

@ -1,63 +1,64 @@
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<mods:namePart id="D8884831A33328FE5BC3623B996AFD4F">Sérusiaux, Emmanuël</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EAC75330190793A2E8D34753128919B4">Vertevoye, 2860 route dIrieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472 &amp; Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium e. serusiaux @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0456 - 0131 * Corresponding author &amp; Vertevoye, 2860 route dIrieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="802CAB58CB9BCB0DBB1DD59EF5AC8314">Sérusiaux, Emmanuël</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03FA864EFFA02F50FF1AFAAEFBC1FD8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFA02F50FF1AFAAEFBC1FD8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FA864EFFA02F50FF1AFAAEFBC1FD8C" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ no. 343414
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA02F52FF1AFA59FF75FA1C" blockId="56.[136,1392,1321,1528]" box="[136,234,1501,1528]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
(
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA02F52FF02FA59FF7DFA1C" box="[144,226,1501,1528]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="57.[136,229,1048,1070]" captionTargetBox="[165,1434,194,1021]" captionTargetId="figure-18@57.[150,1435,193,1024]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 23. Parmotrema meiospermum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4648); D: Apothecia with coralloid-isidiate margin (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA02F52FF02FA59FF7DFA1C" box="[144,226,1501,1528]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="57.[136,229,1048,1070]" captionTargetBox="[165,1434,194,1021]" captionTargetId="figure-18@57.[150,1435,193,1024]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 23. Parmotrema meiospermum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4648); D: Apothecia with coralloid-isidiate margin (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217520/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
@ -165,13 +166,13 @@ foliose, moderately adnate, membranaceous, up to 10 ×
irregular, imbricate,
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA02F52FB5EF9A2FAB7F9A4" box="[1228,1320,1574,1600]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="2.0">29 mm</quantity>
wide, often irregularly wrinkled, with margins ± sinuate, entire to dentate, frequently lobulate, eciliate (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA02F52FB1DF9CDFB69F980" box="[1167,1270,1609,1636]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="57.[136,229,1048,1070]" captionTargetBox="[165,1434,194,1021]" captionTargetId="figure-18@57.[150,1435,193,1024]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 23. Parmotrema meiospermum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4648); D: Apothecia with coralloid-isidiate margin (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 23C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA02F52FB1DF9CDFB69F980" box="[1167,1270,1609,1636]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="57.[136,229,1048,1070]" captionTargetBox="[165,1434,194,1021]" captionTargetId="figure-18@57.[150,1435,193,1024]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 23. Parmotrema meiospermum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4648); D: Apothecia with coralloid-isidiate margin (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217520/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 23C</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA02F52FA98F9CEFA34F980" box="[1290,1451,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Upper surface</emphasis>
greenish grey, pale or ± darkened, usually somewhat shiny, faintly to clearly punctiform white-maculate, smooth to rugose, sometimes slightly scrobiculate, often cracked in older parts, isidiate, lacking schizidia, pustules, dactyls, soralia.
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA02F52FF76F931FEBBF92B" box="[228,292,1717,1743]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Isidia</emphasis>
sparse to dense, at times obscuring the thallus surface, marginal and laminal, mostly on the central lobes (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA02F52FF47F95DFEA1F910" box="[213,318,1753,1780]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="57.[136,229,1048,1070]" captionTargetBox="[165,1434,194,1021]" captionTargetId="figure-18@57.[150,1435,193,1024]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 23. Parmotrema meiospermum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4648); D: Apothecia with coralloid-isidiate margin (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 23C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA02F52FF47F95DFEA1F910" box="[213,318,1753,1780]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="57.[136,229,1048,1070]" captionTargetBox="[165,1434,194,1021]" captionTargetId="figure-18@57.[150,1435,193,1024]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 23. Parmotrema meiospermum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4648); D: Apothecia with coralloid-isidiate margin (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217520/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 23C</figureCitation>
), eciliate, coralloid-branched, rarely inflated or lobulate, apices concolor or brownish, up to
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA02F52FAFAF95EFA33F910" box="[1384,1452,1754,1780]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
high.
@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ found on the
, up to
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in diameter, disc imperforate, margin crenate, very early coralloid-isidiate (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA02F52FE04F835FD9FF828" box="[406,512,1969,1996]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="57.[136,229,1048,1070]" captionTargetBox="[165,1434,194,1021]" captionTargetId="figure-18@57.[150,1435,193,1024]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 23. Parmotrema meiospermum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4648); D: Apothecia with coralloid-isidiate margin (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 23D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA02F52FE04F835FD9FF828" box="[406,512,1969,1996]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="57.[136,229,1048,1070]" captionTargetBox="[165,1434,194,1021]" captionTargetId="figure-18@57.[150,1435,193,1024]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 23. Parmotrema meiospermum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4648); D: Apothecia with coralloid-isidiate margin (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217520/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 23D</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA02F52FD87F836FD0BF828" box="[533,660,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ascospores</emphasis>
19.5
@ -214,7 +215,7 @@ rare, submarginal towards the lobe apices; only primordia seen.
</taxonomicName>
not found.
</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2C67D0FFA12F53FF1AFB9CFEBCFB7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217520" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217520/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" startId="57.[136,229,1048,1070]" targetBox="[165,1434,194,1021]" targetPageId="57" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA12F53FF1AFB9CFEBCFB7E" blockId="57.[136,1452,1048,1178]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA12F53FF1AFB9CFE93FBCA" bold="true" box="[136,268,1048,1070]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA12F53FE87FB9DFD81FBCA" box="[277,542,1049,1070]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="meiospermum">
@ -278,7 +279,7 @@ has only been found on this island at two other localities in two UTM 1×
grid cells (or two UTM 2×
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grid cells,
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA12F53FC5BFA25FBAFFA5F" box="[969,1072,1441,1467]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="57.[136,229,1048,1070]" captionTargetBox="[165,1434,194,1021]" captionTargetId="figure-18@57.[150,1435,193,1024]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 23. Parmotrema meiospermum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4648); D: Apothecia with coralloid-isidiate margin (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA12F53FC5BFA25FBAFFA5F" box="[969,1072,1441,1467]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="57.[136,229,1048,1070]" captionTargetBox="[165,1434,194,1021]" captionTargetId="figure-18@57.[150,1435,193,1024]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 23. Parmotrema meiospermum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4648); D: Apothecia with coralloid-isidiate margin (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217520/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
), at two very different elevations: 120 and
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<elevation id="007ED06BFFA12F53FF7AFA41FEDFFA3B" box="[232,320,1477,1503]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="1370.0">1370 m</elevation>
@ -332,7 +333,7 @@ specimen was also corticolous.
ecology of the species is rather difficult to summarize, the only three recent known occurrences being quite dissimilar.
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFA12F53FBC5F945FBF1F93F" box="[1111,1134,1729,1755]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">In</collectingMunicipality>
Réunion, one is located in a disturbed lowland rainforest, under a pluvial tropical bioclimate with a lower thermotropical thermotype belt (It = 645) and a lower hyperhumid ombrotype belt (Io = 13.8); the other is located in a disturbed leeward montane rainforest, under a pluvial tropical bioclimate with a lower mesotropical thermotype belt (It = 407) and an upper humid ombrotype belt (Io = 9.9) (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA12F53FEA6F8D5FE04F88F" box="[308,411,1873,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="57.[136,229,1048,1070]" captionTargetBox="[165,1434,194,1021]" captionTargetId="figure-18@57.[150,1435,193,1024]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 23. Parmotrema meiospermum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4648); D: Apothecia with coralloid-isidiate margin (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA12F53FEA6F8D5FE04F88F" box="[308,411,1873,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="57.[136,229,1048,1070]" captionTargetBox="[165,1434,194,1021]" captionTargetId="figure-18@57.[150,1435,193,1024]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 23. Parmotrema meiospermum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4648); D: Apothecia with coralloid-isidiate margin (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217520/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
).
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(
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@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ foliose, loosely to moderately adnate, membranaceous to subcoriaceous, up to 11
rounded, imbricate, irregularly branched,
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wide, often concave; margins ascending, crenate to isidiate, ciliate (
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<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA22F50FAECFC16FF24FC34" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="59.[136,229,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,357,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-91@59.[151,1434,356,1178]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 24. Parmotrema mellissii. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4480); D: Lobes with isidia often ciliate, developing into ± coralloid-branched isidioid outgrowths becoming ± sorediate (Masson 974.5070). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217522/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA22F50FF42FC32FE97FC34" box="[208,264,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Cilia</emphasis>
conspicuous, black, often with coppery glints (pigments), abundant, simple, up to
@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ sometimes develop submarginally by disintegration of the upper cortex, but they
marginal and submarginal, rarely laminal, often ciliate, developing into ± coralloid-branched isidioid outgrowths, up to
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high, and soon becoming sorediate (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA22F50FAECFBC2FF22FB60" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="59.[136,229,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,357,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-91@59.[151,1434,356,1178]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 24. Parmotrema mellissii. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4480); D: Lobes with isidia often ciliate, developing into ± coralloid-branched isidioid outgrowths becoming ± sorediate (Masson 974.5070). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA22F50FAECFBC2FF22FB60" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="59.[136,229,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,357,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-91@59.[151,1434,356,1178]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 24. Parmotrema mellissii. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4480); D: Lobes with isidia often ciliate, developing into ± coralloid-branched isidioid outgrowths becoming ± sorediate (Masson 974.5070). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217522/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA22F50FF5DFBEEFEBAFB60" box="[207,293,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Soredia</emphasis>
granulose, (50)
@ -222,7 +223,7 @@ bacilliform, 68 × ca. 1 µm.
grid cells, or two UTM 2×
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grid cells,
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA22F50FC7CF99EFBCBF9D0" box="[1006,1108,1562,1588]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="59.[136,229,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,357,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-91@59.[151,1434,356,1178]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 24. Parmotrema mellissii. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4480); D: Lobes with isidia often ciliate, developing into ± coralloid-branched isidioid outgrowths becoming ± sorediate (Masson 974.5070). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA22F50FC7CF99EFBCBF9D0" box="[1006,1108,1562,1588]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="59.[136,229,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,357,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-91@59.[151,1434,356,1178]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 24. Parmotrema mellissii. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4480); D: Lobes with isidia often ciliate, developing into ± coralloid-branched isidioid outgrowths becoming ± sorediate (Masson 974.5070). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217522/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
), with similar elevations (1740 and
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), in the Piton des Neiges massif.
@ -254,7 +255,7 @@ montane forest, with undergrowth grazed extensively by livestock, and
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA22F50FBC1F92FFB0EF920" box="[1107,1169,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Erica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
montane thicket, along a crest at the top of cliff. Bioclimate features of the two localities are similar (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA22F50FC74F94AFBD0F90C" box="[998,1103,1742,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="59.[136,229,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,357,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-91@59.[151,1434,356,1178]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 24. Parmotrema mellissii. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4480); D: Lobes with isidia often ciliate, developing into ± coralloid-branched isidioid outgrowths becoming ± sorediate (Masson 974.5070). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA22F50FC74F94AFBD0F90C" box="[998,1103,1742,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="59.[136,229,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,357,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-91@59.[151,1434,356,1178]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 24. Parmotrema mellissii. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4480); D: Lobes with isidia often ciliate, developing into ± coralloid-branched isidioid outgrowths becoming ± sorediate (Masson 974.5070). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217522/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
): bioclimate = pluvial tropical, thermotype belt = upper mesotropical (It = 330 and 395), ombrotype belt = lower hyperhumid (Io = 16.7 and 17.2). The ecology of
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA22F50FEA4F893FE31F8D4" box="[310,430,1814,1840]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mellissii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA22F50FEA4F893FE31F8D4" box="[310,430,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P. mellissii</emphasis>
@ -311,7 +312,7 @@ also has true soralia, without cilia, originating from the breakdown of the subm
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFA32F51FE22FEAAFD2AFEAC" author="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. &amp; Elix, J. A." box="[432,693,302,328]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref125819" refString="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. &amp; Elix, J. A. (1999) Parmotrema and allied lichen genera in Papua New Guinea. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 73: 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1999">Louwhoff &amp; Elix 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2C67D0FFA32F51FF1AFB36FC79FAD0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217522" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217522/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" startId="59.[136,229,1202,1224]" targetBox="[161,1432,357,1175]" targetPageId="59" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA32F51FF1AFB36FC79FAD0" blockId="59.[136,1452,1202,1332]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA32F51FF1AFB36FE95FB23" bold="true" box="[136,266,1202,1224]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA32F51FE82FB37FE41FB23" box="[272,478,1202,1224]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mellissii">
@ -389,7 +390,7 @@ from South America (GenBank accession no. ON312515 and ON312513, the latter unde
— see below Specimens studied for comparison) were recovered close to the one from
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFA32F51FE10F923FE7BF925" box="[386,484,1703,1729]" name="Réunion" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Réunion</collectingCountry>
, however the relationship between the three was not resolved (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA32F51FB3DF923FB69F925" box="[1199,1270,1703,1729]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1553,1575]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,216,1510]" captionTargetId="graphics-18@17.[149,1438,191,1527]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. Global tree (best scoring maximum likelihood tree) of Parmotrema based on the fungal ITS barcoding marker. Figure can be enlarged for a better reading of labels. Accessions in black are those retrieved from GenBank on June 2023. Those in red are those produced by the authors for this study. Bootstrap support is indicated on branch when ≥ 70%." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA32F51FB3DF923FB69F925" box="[1199,1270,1703,1729]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1553,1575]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,216,1510]" captionTargetId="graphics-18@17.[149,1438,191,1527]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. Global tree (best scoring maximum likelihood tree) of Parmotrema based on the fungal ITS barcoding marker. Figure can be enlarged for a better reading of labels. Accessions in black are those retrieved from GenBank on June 2023. Those in red are those produced by the authors for this study. Bootstrap support is indicated on branch when ≥ 70%." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217482/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). In our 3-locus phylogenetic analysis, the two species
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA32F51FDD1F94FFD21F901" box="[579,702,1739,1765]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mellissii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA32F51FDD1F94FFD21F901" box="[579,702,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">P. mellissii</emphasis>
@ -403,7 +404,7 @@ D.M. Masson &amp; Sérus.
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145631FFA32F51FBEBF94FFB50F900" box="[1145,1231,1739,1764]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
were resolved as a supported entity, and both produce alectoronic acid as a major medullary extrolite (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA32F51FBB9F96BFBEFF8ED" box="[1067,1136,1775,1801]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA32F51FBB9F96BFBEFF8ED" box="[1067,1136,1775,1801]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA32F51FF2FF896FDA9F859" blockId="59.[136,1452,1378,2089]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">

View file

@ -1,65 +1,66 @@
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<mods:affiliation id="E7D159D1069ECC15F93ED931C516A147">Vertevoye, 2860 route dIrieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472 &amp; Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium e. serusiaux @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0456 - 0131 * Corresponding author &amp; Vertevoye, 2860 route dIrieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ GenBank accession numbers: ITS (
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB12F43FF1AFE66FF75FE18" blockId="41.[136,1452,158,508]" box="[136,234,482,508]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
(
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<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB12F43FF02FE66FF7DFE18" box="[144,226,482,508]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="42.[136,229,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,394,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-123@42.[150,1435,392,1927]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 17. Parmotrema crossotum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C &amp; D: Isidiate lobes with irregularly cylindrical or ± flattened, simple to ± branched, highly ciliate isidia (C: holotype, D: Masson 974.4130); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C, D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217508/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB12F43FF1AFDAEFB3AFB14" blockId="41.[136,1452,554,2092]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ foliose, loosely to moderately adnate, membranaceous, up to 12 ×
irregular, imbricate,
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wide, irregularly wrinkled, often ± concave, apices ± rounded, with margins undulated, crenate, dentate to incised, occasionally lobulate, ciliate (
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<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB12F43FDD1FDF6FD33FD68" box="[579,684,626,652]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="42.[136,229,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,394,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-123@42.[150,1435,392,1927]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 17. Parmotrema crossotum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C &amp; D: Isidiate lobes with irregularly cylindrical or ± flattened, simple to ± branched, highly ciliate isidia (C: holotype, D: Masson 974.4130); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C, D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217508/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 17E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB12F43FD56FDF6FD63FD68" box="[708,764,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Cilia</emphasis>
black, some with coppery glint; conspicuous, dense and ± evenly distributed at the lobe margins (23 cilia per mm of margin), also present on isidia and isidioid outgrowths, sometimes laminal; simple, rarely 12 times branched, slender, ca.
@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ pale greenish grey, rather dull, somewhat shinier towards lobe tips, smooth to r
± abundant, mainly marginal, ± extending submarginally with age, occasionally also laminal, in particular at the apex of conical protuberances; highly variable in shape and size, irregularly cylindrical, simple to ± coralloid branched, sometimes flattening irregularly and then resembling narrow branched laciniae, or forming moose or fallow deer antlers like structures; very frequently with long lateral (more rarely apical) cilia; up to
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high (excluding cilia), very brittle (
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).
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB12F43FBDDFC32FB37FC34" box="[1103,1192,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lobules</emphasis>
rare, marginal, up to 1 ×
@ -238,7 +239,7 @@ From the Greek
grid cells (or three UTM 2×
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grid cells,
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<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB12F43FB7FFA56FACAFA08" box="[1261,1365,1490,1516]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="42.[136,229,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,394,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-123@42.[150,1435,392,1927]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 17. Parmotrema crossotum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C &amp; D: Isidiate lobes with irregularly cylindrical or ± flattened, simple to ± branched, highly ciliate isidia (C: holotype, D: Masson 974.4130); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C, D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217508/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
). These localities are distributed at elevations between 1180 and
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in the northwestern part of the island, in the Piton des Neiges massif.
@ -266,7 +267,7 @@ sp.
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB12F43FC3FF9E6FB0BF998" box="[941,1172,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Psidium cattleianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Leeward and windward montane rainforests are the two habitats reported. The bioclimate of the localities is pluvial tropical; thermotype belt is lower mesotropical (445 ≤ It ≤ 480), ombrotype belts are more variable = from lower humid to lower hyperhumid (8.2 ≤ Io ≤ 15.0) (
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).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB12F43FF2FF976FE61F824" blockId="41.[136,1452,554,2092]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
@ -288,7 +289,7 @@ and
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB12F43FA94F807FA1FF878" box="[1286,1408,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">P. mellissii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are phylogenetically distinct (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB12F43FE39F822FE6FF824" box="[427,496,1958,1984]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB12F43FE39F822FE6FF824" box="[427,496,1958,1984]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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@ -333,7 +334,7 @@ Wolseley
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; first authors observation).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB22F40FF1AF824FE96F851" bold="true" box="[136,265,1952,1974]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB22F40FE9CF824FE72F851" box="[270,493,1952,1973]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crossotum">
@ -362,7 +363,7 @@ Rivas-Martínez
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB32F41FF2FFF1AFC32FEE4" blockId="43.[136,1452,158,725]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
As demonstrated by phylogenetic analysis of a 3-locus dataset (
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<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB32F41FCE2FF1AFC2EFF5C" box="[880,945,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB32F41FC57FF1BFBCFFF5C" box="[965,1104,159,184]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crossotum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FC57FF1BFBCFFF5C" box="[965,1104,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P.crossotum</emphasis>

View file

@ -1,63 +1,64 @@
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@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ Characterized by the ciliate margin of the lobes, the numerous elongate, canalic
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(
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)
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@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ foliose, moderately adnate, subcoriaceous, ca. 8 ×
irregularly branched, imbricate,
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wide; margins highly laciniate, very rarely lobulate, ciliate (
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<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE12F13FBA0FD90FB02FDCA" box="[1074,1181,532,558]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="121.[136,229,1802,1824]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,1271,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-434@121.[150,1435,1270,1778]" captionTargetPageId="121" captionText="FIGURE 44. Parmotrema mwaliense (holotype). A: Part of thallus showing the ciliate margin of the lobes, the numerous elongate, canaliculate and branched laciniae, and a mature apothecium with a perforate disc; B: Another part of thallus with ciliate and laciniate lobe margins. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217562" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217562/files/figure.png" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Fig. 44B</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE12F13FB27FD90FB72FDCA" box="[1205,1261,532,558]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Cilia</emphasis>
frequent, black, mostly irregularly distributed at the lobe margins and at the margin of laciniae, simple to ± dichotomously 1(2) times branched, ca.
@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ numerous, marginal, very rarely laminal, elongate, generally canaliculate with
long and
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wide (
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<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE12F13FD7AFD68FCCCFCE2" box="[744,851,748,774]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="121.[136,229,1802,1824]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,1271,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-434@121.[150,1435,1270,1778]" captionTargetPageId="121" captionText="FIGURE 44. Parmotrema mwaliense (holotype). A: Part of thallus showing the ciliate margin of the lobes, the numerous elongate, canaliculate and branched laciniae, and a mature apothecium with a perforate disc; B: Another part of thallus with ciliate and laciniate lobe margins. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217562" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217562/files/figure.png" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Fig. 44A</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE12F13FCF5FD68FC5FFCE2" box="[871,960,748,774]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Lobules</emphasis>
rare, marginal, ciliate, up to 0.7 ×
@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ long.
common, submarginal, up to
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFE12F13FE43FCF8FDBFFC73" box="[465,544,892,919]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
in diameter, shortly stipitate on constricted stipes; disc perforate, reddish brown, ± shiny, first concave, then ± flattening with age; thalline margin soon dentate, then laciniate with age (
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<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE12F13FAA1FC24FA00FC5E" box="[1331,1439,928,954]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="121.[136,229,1802,1824]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,1271,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-434@121.[150,1435,1270,1778]" captionTargetPageId="121" captionText="FIGURE 44. Parmotrema mwaliense (holotype). A: Part of thallus showing the ciliate margin of the lobes, the numerous elongate, canaliculate and branched laciniae, and a mature apothecium with a perforate disc; B: Another part of thallus with ciliate and laciniate lobe margins. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217562" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217562/files/figure.png" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Fig. 44A</figureCitation>
); amphithecium smooth to verruculose, white-maculate; hymenium s. lat. (125)
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE12F13FB9AFC40FBD8FC3A" box="[1032,1095,964,990]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">129.1</emphasis>
(135) µm high, proper exciple with hyaline layer (8)
@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ prosoplectenchymatous, (10)
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE12F13FD2FFB18FD63FB52" box="[701,764,1180,1206]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">12.0</emphasis>
(14) µm thick.
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<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE12F13FF1AF88EFE92F8C4" bold="true" box="[136,269,1802,1824]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">FIGURE 44.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFE12F13FE84F88FFE62F8FB" box="[278,509,1802,1824]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mwaliense">

View file

@ -1,63 +1,64 @@
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<treatment id="03FA864EFFE92F19FF1AFF1AFD22FC02" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFE92F19FF1AFF1AFD22FC02" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FA864EFFE92F19FF1AFF1AFD22FC02" lastPageId="115" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFE92F1BFF1AFF1AFBE5FF5D" box="[136,1146,157,185]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" type="nomenclature">
@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ GenBank accession numbers: ITS (
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE92F1BFF1AFE1EFF75FE50" blockId="113.[136,1452,157,436]" box="[136,234,410,436]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
(
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE92F1BFF02FE1EFF7DFE50" box="[144,226,410,436]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="114.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,357,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-79@114.[150,1435,356,1845]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 42. Parmotrema udisilvestre. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Submarginal soralia arising from pustule-like swellings or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex of ± revolute lobe (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with fragile, cracking and flaking upper cortex (Masson 974.4959); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4833). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 2 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 8 mm." pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE92F1BFF02FE1EFF7DFE50" box="[144,226,410,436]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="114.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,357,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-79@114.[150,1435,356,1845]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 42. Parmotrema udisilvestre. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Submarginal soralia arising from pustule-like swellings or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex of ± revolute lobe (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with fragile, cracking and flaking upper cortex (Masson 974.4959); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4833). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 2 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 8 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217558/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE92F1BFF1AFE66FB4DFE18" blockId="113.[136,1452,482,2093]" box="[136,1234,482,508]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ foliose, loosely to moderately adnate, membranaceous to subcoriaceous, up to 12
irregular, contiguous to imbricate,
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFE92F1BFE3BFDAEFD88FDA0" box="[425,535,554,580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="3.0">318 mm</quantity>
wide, plane to ± concave, apices rounded, lateral sorediate lobes sometimes ± convolute; margins undulate, sinuate, crenate to dentate, rarely shortly laciniate when sorediate, mostly ascendant, ciliate (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE92F1BFF4EFDF6FEDCFD68" box="[220,323,626,652]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="114.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,357,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-79@114.[150,1435,356,1845]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 42. Parmotrema udisilvestre. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Submarginal soralia arising from pustule-like swellings or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex of ± revolute lobe (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with fragile, cracking and flaking upper cortex (Masson 974.4959); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4833). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 2 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 8 mm." pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Fig. 42E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE92F1BFF4EFDF6FEDCFD68" box="[220,323,626,652]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="114.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,357,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-79@114.[150,1435,356,1845]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 42. Parmotrema udisilvestre. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Submarginal soralia arising from pustule-like swellings or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex of ± revolute lobe (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with fragile, cracking and flaking upper cortex (Masson 974.4959); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4833). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 2 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 8 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217558/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Fig. 42E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE92F1BFEC4FDF6FE11FD68" box="[342,398,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Cilia</emphasis>
conspicuous, black, some with coppery glints (pigments); numerous and ± evenly distributed at lobe margins, occasionally laminal; simple, rarely 12 times branched, ca.
@ -156,15 +157,15 @@ in diameter at the base, (1.5)2.2
, mean values for each specimen: 2.82, 3.03, 3.25, 3.27, 3.34, 3.42, 3.46, 3.49, 3.66, 3.67, 3.68, 3.71, 3.76,
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFE92F1BFD52FD5AFCB9FD1C" box="[704,806,734,760]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.82" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="3.82">3.82 mm</quantity>
,
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE92F1BFCA3FD5AFC1BFD1C" box="[817,900,734,760]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="26.[136,229,774,796]" captionTargetBox="[167,1422,199,743]" captionTargetId="figure-20@26.[154,1430,193,750]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 10. Comparison of the mean lengths (± SE) of the marginal cilia of 4 species of the P. subarnoldii group: P. subarnoldii (lectotype from Madagascar, 1 specimen from Rwanda), P. eleonomum (7 specimens from Réunion), P. brachyblepharum (8 specimens from Réunion), and P. udisilvestre (14 specimens from Réunion, 1 from Madagascar). Soralia of type A: marginal, linear or ± subcapitate or labriform; soralia of type B: submarginal, arising from pustule-like swellings, or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex." pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE92F1BFCA3FD5AFC1BFD1C" box="[817,900,734,760]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="26.[136,229,774,796]" captionTargetBox="[167,1422,199,743]" captionTargetId="figure-20@26.[154,1430,193,750]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 10. Comparison of the mean lengths (± SE) of the marginal cilia of 4 species of the P. subarnoldii group: P. subarnoldii (lectotype from Madagascar, 1 specimen from Rwanda), P. eleonomum (7 specimens from Réunion), P. brachyblepharum (8 specimens from Réunion), and P. udisilvestre (14 specimens from Réunion, 1 from Madagascar). Soralia of type A: marginal, linear or ± subcapitate or labriform; soralia of type B: submarginal, arising from pustule-like swellings, or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217494/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE92F1BFC0AFD5BFBA6FD1C" box="[920,1081,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Upper surface</emphasis>
pale greenish grey near lobe tips to pale yellowish grey centrally, dull, shinier towards the periphery, emaculate or faintly ± punctiform white-maculate, smooth or rugulose to ± rugose, upper cortex fragile, here and there cracking and flaking (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE92F1BFB31FCA2FA90FCA4" box="[1187,1295,806,832]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="114.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,357,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-79@114.[150,1435,356,1845]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 42. Parmotrema udisilvestre. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Submarginal soralia arising from pustule-like swellings or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex of ± revolute lobe (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with fragile, cracking and flaking upper cortex (Masson 974.4959); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4833). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 2 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 8 mm." pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Fig. 42D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE92F1BFB31FCA2FA90FCA4" box="[1187,1295,806,832]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="114.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,357,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-79@114.[150,1435,356,1845]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 42. Parmotrema udisilvestre. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Submarginal soralia arising from pustule-like swellings or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex of ± revolute lobe (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with fragile, cracking and flaking upper cortex (Masson 974.4959); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4833). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 2 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 8 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217558/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Fig. 42D</figureCitation>
); sorediate or pustulate-sorediate, lacking dactyls, phyllidia and isidia.
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE92F1BFCBDFCCEFC1EFC80" box="[815,897,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Soralia</emphasis>
mostly submarginal, arising from pustule-like swellings, or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex of ± revolute lobes (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE92F1BFBA7FCEAFB03FC6C" box="[1077,1180,878,904]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="114.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,357,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-79@114.[150,1435,356,1845]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 42. Parmotrema udisilvestre. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Submarginal soralia arising from pustule-like swellings or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex of ± revolute lobe (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with fragile, cracking and flaking upper cortex (Masson 974.4959); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4833). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 2 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 8 mm." pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Fig. 42C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE92F1BFBA7FCEAFB03FC6C" box="[1077,1180,878,904]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="114.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,357,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-79@114.[150,1435,356,1845]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 42. Parmotrema udisilvestre. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Submarginal soralia arising from pustule-like swellings or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex of ± revolute lobe (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with fragile, cracking and flaking upper cortex (Masson 974.4959); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4833). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 2 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 8 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217558/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Fig. 42C</figureCitation>
) or very short marginal laciniae, then developing into ± erect, capitate clusters; very rarely laminal punctiform.
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE92F1BFB1DFC16FB7AFC48" box="[1167,1253,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Soredia</emphasis>
granulose, (30)
@ -254,7 +255,7 @@ appears to be the most frequent. It was found at four localities, in four UTM 1
grid cells (or four UTM 2×
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grid cells,
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE92F1BFE70F99EFDD3F9D0" box="[482,588,1562,1588]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="114.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,357,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-79@114.[150,1435,356,1845]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 42. Parmotrema udisilvestre. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Submarginal soralia arising from pustule-like swellings or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex of ± revolute lobe (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with fragile, cracking and flaking upper cortex (Masson 974.4959); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4833). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 2 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 8 mm." pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Fig. 42A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE92F1BFE70F99EFDD3F9D0" box="[482,588,1562,1588]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="114.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,357,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-79@114.[150,1435,356,1845]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 42. Parmotrema udisilvestre. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Submarginal soralia arising from pustule-like swellings or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex of ± revolute lobe (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with fragile, cracking and flaking upper cortex (Masson 974.4959); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4833). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 2 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 8 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217558/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Fig. 42A</figureCitation>
), on the windward side of the island at elevations between 685 and
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@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ submontane wet thickets and windward submontane rainforests. In
, it was also corticolous, thriving on branchlets of an undetermined phorophyte in a dense humid montane forest. The species appears to be ombrophilous and moderately thermophilous, as shown by the bioclimatic indices of the localities: bioclimate pluvial tropical, thermotype belts = from upper thermotropical to lower mesotropical (482 ≤ It ≤ 531) in
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFE92F1BFECCF8DAFE22F89C" box="[350,445,1886,1912]" name="Réunion" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Réunion</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE92F1BFE5EF8DAFDACF89C" box="[460,563,1886,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="114.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,357,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-79@114.[150,1435,356,1845]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 42. Parmotrema udisilvestre. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Submarginal soralia arising from pustule-like swellings or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex of ± revolute lobe (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with fragile, cracking and flaking upper cortex (Masson 974.4959); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4833). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 2 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 8 mm." pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Fig. 42B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE92F1BFE5EF8DAFDACF89C" box="[460,563,1886,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="114.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,357,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-79@114.[150,1435,356,1845]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 42. Parmotrema udisilvestre. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Submarginal soralia arising from pustule-like swellings or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex of ± revolute lobe (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with fragile, cracking and flaking upper cortex (Masson 974.4959); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4833). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 2 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 8 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217558/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Fig. 42B</figureCitation>
), upper thermotropical (It = 543) in
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFE92F1BFC5AF8DAFBCEF89C" box="[968,1105,1886,1912]" name="Madagascar" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, ombrotype belts = from lower hyperhumid to ultrahyperhumid (17.5 ≤ Io ≤ 25.6) in
@ -315,16 +316,16 @@ that we describe as new species here,
has the most distinctive morphology. The combination of a fragile upper cortex, the submarginal and often pustular soralia, and the granulose soredia is characteristic of this species (
<tableCitation id="C6D102E3FFE92F1BFBC1F796FB33F7C9" box="[1107,1196,2066,2093]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="26.[137,229,952,976]" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparison of some morphological characters of four species of the P. subarnoldii group. All specimens were subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses, except those of P. subarnoldii s. str. The mean values reported are the observed extremes. For each character, the number of specimens studied appears in brackets. Soralia of type A: marginal, linear or ± subcapitate or labriform; soralia of type B: submarginal, arising from pustule-like swellings, or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex." pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Table 5</tableCitation>
). The Reunionese and Malagasy specimens studied form a distinct and well-supported clade in the phylogenetic tree constructed from ITS sequences (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEA2F18FE99FF46FECFFF38" box="[267,336,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1553,1575]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,216,1510]" captionTargetId="graphics-18@17.[149,1438,191,1527]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. Global tree (best scoring maximum likelihood tree) of Parmotrema based on the fungal ITS barcoding marker. Figure can be enlarged for a better reading of labels. Accessions in black are those retrieved from GenBank on June 2023. Those in red are those produced by the authors for this study. Bootstrap support is indicated on branch when ≥ 70%." pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEA2F18FE99FF46FECFFF38" box="[267,336,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1553,1575]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,216,1510]" captionTargetId="graphics-18@17.[149,1438,191,1527]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. Global tree (best scoring maximum likelihood tree) of Parmotrema based on the fungal ITS barcoding marker. Figure can be enlarged for a better reading of labels. Accessions in black are those retrieved from GenBank on June 2023. Those in red are those produced by the authors for this study. Bootstrap support is indicated on branch when ≥ 70%." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217482/files/figure.png" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) as well in that using three loci (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEA2F18FD5DFF46FC89FF38" box="[719,790,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEA2F18FD5DFF46FC89FF38" box="[719,790,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Two slightly different ITS sequences were found (
<tableCitation id="C6D102E3FFEA2F18FAFEFF46FF08FEE4" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="13.[136,224,1743,1767]" captionText="TABLE 3. ITS barcode selected in ITS 1 for all species whose DNA could be extracted. Variation within species reported as species epithet followed par 1, 2 or 3. The barcode is selected with the first six positions identical and with the last two identical. See Schoch et al. (2012) for details on the selection and use of ITS barcode. aurantioreagens G C T T T G A C G G T C C T C G G G G G C C T T C C T C C G T A C C G G austrosinense G C T T T G G C G G A C C T C G G G G G T T C T C C T C C G C G T C G G brachyblepharum G C T T T G G C G G G C C C C T G G G G T C T A C C T C C G C A T C G G cf clavuliferum G C T T T G G C G G A C C T T G G G G G T C C C C T C C G C A C C G G crinitum G C T T T G G C G G A C C T C G G G G G T C T T C C T T C G C A C C G G cristiferum G C T T T G G C G G A C C T T G G G G G T C C T C C T C C G C A T C G G ......continued on the next page" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Table 3</tableCitation>
), but neither of the two methods used for species delimitation (bPP and Stacey) supported the recognition of two different taxa (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEA2F18FEBFFE8EFEEEFEC0" box="[301,369,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEA2F18FEBFFE8EFEEEFEC0" box="[301,369,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEA2F18FF1AF8C9FD34F816" blockId="114.[136,1452,1869,2035]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEA2F18FF1AF8C9FE91F886" bold="true" box="[136,270,1869,1891]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">FIGURE 42.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEA2F18FE8BF8CAFD95F886" box="[281,522,1869,1891]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="udisilvestre">
@ -363,7 +364,7 @@ group studied here,
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEB2F19FBB2FF1BFB21FF5C" box="[1056,1214,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. udisilvestre</emphasis>
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is part of a strongly supported radiation of ten species (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEB2F19FD9CFF46FDCEFF38" box="[526,593,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEB2F19FD9CFF46FDCEFF38" box="[526,593,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), five of them (including
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEB2F19FCFDFF47FB95FF38" box="[879,1034,194,220]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="udisilvestre">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEB2F19FCFDFF47FB95FF38" box="[879,1034,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. udisilvestre</emphasis>

View file

@ -1,65 +1,66 @@
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<mods:classification id="9D55464AD5F88AFEF7474CD4F535F149">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="1012E83ECC812755F3D3AA516D2E718D" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BE81FC7BC619A3CE3B14D3CD47554E77" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:classification id="AEB70C04FDA24024E22C278E8306A6AD">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="1C9F8C294E8CC8523A0547212BDA9B98" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="80418491E8CF319D80FC12F9B99A7BED" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="076294F6F02F41696DB78789DCBB4EB5" type="Zenodo-Dep">13217474</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
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<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFFF2F0DFF1AF92FFB0CF921" box="[136,1171,1706,1733]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFFF2F0DFF1AF92FFB0CF921" blockId="103.[136,1452,1706,1984]" box="[136,1171,1706,1733]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="D0A48034FFFF2F0DFF1AF92FFB0CF921" box="[136,1171,1706,1733]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" reason="5">
@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ GenBank accession numbers: ITS (
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFFF2F0DFF1AF822FF75F824" blockId="103.[136,1452,1706,1984]" box="[136,234,1958,1984]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
(
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFFF2F0DFF02F822FF7DF824" box="[144,226,1958,1984]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="105.[136,229,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-18@105.[150,1435,212,1750]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 39. Parmotrema subdeflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Sorediate lobes with marginal and often branched cilia, and terminal labriform or subcapitate soralia on very short laciniae (holotype); D: Sorediate lobes with marginal and ± linear labriform soralia (Masson 974.3946); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.3946). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFFF2F0DFF02F822FF7DF824" box="[144,226,1958,1984]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="105.[136,229,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-18@105.[150,1435,212,1750]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 39. Parmotrema subdeflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Sorediate lobes with marginal and often branched cilia, and terminal labriform or subcapitate soralia on very short laciniae (holotype); D: Sorediate lobes with marginal and ± linear labriform soralia (Masson 974.3946); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.3946). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217552/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFFF2F02FF1AF86AFC96FD30" blockId="103.[136,1452,2030,2093]" lastBlockId="104.[136,1452,158,2021]" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ foliose, loosely to moderately adnate, membranaceous to subcoriaceous, up to 8
irregular, imbricate,
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFFF2F0DFE92F796FEF4F7C9" box="[256,363,2066,2093]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="4.0">416 mm</quantity>
wide, broadly concave, sometimes convolute when sorediate, with margins undulated, crenate to somewhat shortly laciniate when sorediate, mostly ascendant, ciliate (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFF02F02FC0BFF1AFC60FF5C" box="[921,1023,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="105.[136,229,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-18@105.[150,1435,212,1750]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 39. Parmotrema subdeflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Sorediate lobes with marginal and often branched cilia, and terminal labriform or subcapitate soralia on very short laciniae (holotype); D: Sorediate lobes with marginal and ± linear labriform soralia (Masson 974.3946); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.3946). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 39E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFF02F02FC0BFF1AFC60FF5C" box="[921,1023,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="105.[136,229,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-18@105.[150,1435,212,1750]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 39. Parmotrema subdeflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Sorediate lobes with marginal and often branched cilia, and terminal labriform or subcapitate soralia on very short laciniae (holotype); D: Sorediate lobes with marginal and ± linear labriform soralia (Masson 974.3946); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.3946). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217552/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 39E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFF02F02FB81FF1AFBD4FF5C" box="[1043,1099,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Cilia</emphasis>
conspicuous, black, some with coppery glints (pigment), numerous and ± evenly distributed, simple or 13 times branched, ca.
@ -161,9 +162,9 @@ pale greenish grey, dull, emaculate or faintly punctiform white-maculate, distin
either terminal labriform or subcapitate on very short laciniae (up to
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFF02F02FD6FFED6FCDDFE89" box="[765,834,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long) (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFF02F02FC08FED6FB9BFE88" box="[922,1028,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="105.[136,229,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-18@105.[150,1435,212,1750]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 39. Parmotrema subdeflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Sorediate lobes with marginal and often branched cilia, and terminal labriform or subcapitate soralia on very short laciniae (holotype); D: Sorediate lobes with marginal and ± linear labriform soralia (Masson 974.3946); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.3946). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 39C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFF02F02FC08FED6FB9BFE88" box="[922,1028,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="105.[136,229,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-18@105.[150,1435,212,1750]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 39. Parmotrema subdeflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Sorediate lobes with marginal and often branched cilia, and terminal labriform or subcapitate soralia on very short laciniae (holotype); D: Sorediate lobes with marginal and ± linear labriform soralia (Masson 974.3946); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.3946). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217552/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 39C</figureCitation>
), or marginal and ± linear labriform (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFF02F02FF02FEF2FF66FE74" box="[144,249,374,400]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="105.[136,229,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-18@105.[150,1435,212,1750]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 39. Parmotrema subdeflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Sorediate lobes with marginal and often branched cilia, and terminal labriform or subcapitate soralia on very short laciniae (holotype); D: Sorediate lobes with marginal and ± linear labriform soralia (Masson 974.3946); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.3946). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 39D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFF02F02FF02FEF2FF66FE74" box="[144,249,374,400]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="105.[136,229,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-18@105.[150,1435,212,1750]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 39. Parmotrema subdeflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Sorediate lobes with marginal and often branched cilia, and terminal labriform or subcapitate soralia on very short laciniae (holotype); D: Sorediate lobes with marginal and ± linear labriform soralia (Masson 974.3946); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.3946). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217552/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 39D</figureCitation>
); rarely submarginal, and then subcapitate.
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFF02F02FD73FEF2FCA8FE74" box="[737,823,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Soredia</emphasis>
subgranulose, (30)
@ -241,7 +242,7 @@ seems to be a localized and rare species in
grid cells (or three UTM 2×
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grid cells,
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFF02F02FAEDFC32FF23FC10" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="105.[136,229,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-18@105.[150,1435,212,1750]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 39. Parmotrema subdeflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Sorediate lobes with marginal and often branched cilia, and terminal labriform or subcapitate soralia on very short laciniae (holotype); D: Sorediate lobes with marginal and ± linear labriform soralia (Masson 974.3946); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.3946). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 39A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFF02F02FAEDFC32FF23FC10" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="105.[136,229,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-18@105.[150,1435,212,1750]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 39. Parmotrema subdeflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Sorediate lobes with marginal and often branched cilia, and terminal labriform or subcapitate soralia on very short laciniae (holotype); D: Sorediate lobes with marginal and ± linear labriform soralia (Masson 974.3946); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.3946). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217552/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 39A</figureCitation>
), on the southern flank of the Piton des Neiges massif, in or near the Cirque de Cilaos, at elevations of between 1050 and
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFF02F02FF6BFC7AFECCFBFD" box="[249,339,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" unit="m" value="1220.0">1220 m</quantity>
. In addition to
@ -279,7 +280,7 @@ sp.
in a plantation in
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFF02F02FD9DFB0AFD07FB4C" box="[527,664,1166,1192]" name="Madagascar" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. The bioclimatic features of the Reunionese localities are: bioclimate = pluvial tropical, thermotype belt = lower mesotropical (420 ≤ It ≤ 470), ombrotype belt = upper humid (9.3 ≤ Io ≤ 11.1) (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFF02F02FF7FFB52FEC7FB14" box="[237,344,1238,1264]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="105.[136,229,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-18@105.[150,1435,212,1750]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 39. Parmotrema subdeflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Sorediate lobes with marginal and often branched cilia, and terminal labriform or subcapitate soralia on very short laciniae (holotype); D: Sorediate lobes with marginal and ± linear labriform soralia (Masson 974.3946); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.3946). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 39B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFF02F02FF7FFB52FEC7FB14" box="[237,344,1238,1264]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="105.[136,229,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-18@105.[150,1435,212,1750]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 39. Parmotrema subdeflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 1718); C: Sorediate lobes with marginal and often branched cilia, and terminal labriform or subcapitate soralia on very short laciniae (holotype); D: Sorediate lobes with marginal and ± linear labriform soralia (Masson 974.3946); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.3946). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217552/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 39B</figureCitation>
). The bioclimate of the Malagasy locality is also pluvial tropical, with thermotype belt = upper thermotropical (It = 554), ombrotype belt = lower hyperhumid (Io = 16.4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFF02F02FF2FFA9AFE76F999" blockId="104.[136,1452,158,2021]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
@ -401,10 +402,10 @@ is sister to the fertile
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFF02F02FA05F8BFFF6DF89C" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">P. nemorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a well-supported clade, both taxa being strongly supported as distinct by Stacey and bPP analyses (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFF02F02FAECF8DAFF07F878" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFF02F02FAECF8DAFF07F878" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). They share the same medullary chemistry, with alectoronic, protocetraric and protolichesterinic acids as major secondary metabolites. Both species further belong to a strongly supported radiation, comprising a total of ten species, either described as new in this paper (eight) or already described (two).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFF12F03FF1AF96AFD28F870" blockId="105.[136,1452,1774,1940]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFF12F03FF1AF96AFE92F8E7" bold="true" box="[136,269,1774,1796]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">FIGURE 39.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFF12F03FE84F96BFD86F8E7" box="[278,537,1774,1796]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subdeflectens">