From d5c0ad3ec950fb12132bfcacab47b61faca67ca9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Mon, 30 Dec 2024 14:17:20 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-12-30 14:11:16 --- .../4A/E01F4A57422E56A2A7300172AC5BC43C.xml | 707 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 707 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/E0/1F/4A/E01F4A57422E56A2A7300172AC5BC43C.xml diff --git a/data/E0/1F/4A/E01F4A57422E56A2A7300172AC5BC43C.xml b/data/E0/1F/4A/E01F4A57422E56A2A7300172AC5BC43C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..88e252dc22b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/E0/1F/4A/E01F4A57422E56A2A7300172AC5BC43C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,707 @@ + + + +Xanthophytum antoanense (Rubiaceae, Ophiorrhizeae), a new species from Vietnam + + + +Author + +Nguyen, Hieu Cuong +0000-0001-8707-2944 +Southern Institute of Ecology, Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam + + + +Author + +Nguyen-Le, Xuan Bach +0000-0001-8391-338X +Southern Institute of Ecology, Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam + + + +Author + +Nguyen, Quoc Dat +0000-0002-3687-1567 +Southern Institute of Ecology, Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam + + + +Author + +Nguyen, Tran Quoc Trung +0000-0003-4366-2381 +Southern Institute of Ecology, Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam + + + +Author + +Luu, Hong Truong +0000-0002-7036-7081 +Southern Institute of Ecology, Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam & Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam + +text + + +PhytoKeys + + +2024 + +2024-12-30 + + +250 + + +215 +222 + + + +journal article +10.3897/phytokeys.250.137482 + + + + + +Xanthophytum antoanense +Luu, H. C. Nguyen, X. B. Nguyen-Le & Q. D. Nguyen + +sp. nov. + + + + +Fig. 1 + + + + +Type. + + + +Vietnam +• +Binh Dinh Province +, +An Lao District +, +An Toan Commune +, +An Toan Nature Reserve +, coordinates + +14°31'31"N +, +108°42'48"E + +, + +838 m + +elevation, + +17 May 2023 + +, +Nguyen Le Xuan Bach +, +Nguyen Quoc Dat +, +Nguyen Hieu Cuong +BN 1015 +( +Holotype +: +SGN +!, barcode +SGN 006396 +) + +. + + + + + + + +Xanthophytum antoanense + +A +plant in situ +B +whole plant +C +leaf base +D +leaf, adaxial surface +E +leaf, abaxial surface +F +setose hairs on abaxial leaf surface (dried) +G +stipule +H +inflorescences +I +bracts (dried) +J +flower, top view +K +calyx lobes +L +opened corolla showing stamens +M +pistil +N +ovary, disc and base of style +O +flower, side view, with an interfloral bract (arrow) +P +corolla and calyx, some calyx lobes removed +Q +anthers +R +stigma (corolla removed) +S +cross-section of ovary. + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +The new species is morphologically closest to + +X. capitatum +Valeton + +but differs from the latter by its 3 - lobed (vs. unlobed) stipules, narrowly lanceolate (vs. oblong to obovate) leaf blades with a cuneate-oblique (vs. symmetrically cuneate to attenuate) base and 20–22 (vs. 11–16) pairs of secondary veins, 3.5–4.5 (vs. 0.5–3) cm long peduncle, spatulate (vs. bluntly triangular) calyx lobes, larger flowers with a 5–5.4 (vs. c. 1.8) mm long corolla tube and 2.4–3 (vs. c. 0.7) mm long corolla lobes, and an apically hairy (vs. glabrous) style. + + + + +Description. + + +Monocaul dwarf shrublet, sub-herbaceous, to +50 cm +tall. +Stems +densely hairy, hairs septate, red, c. +1 mm +long. +Leaves +simple, opposite, decussate; +petiole +4–6 cm +long, c. +0.35 cm +in diameter, densely hairy with hairs septate, red, c. +1.5 mm +long; +lamina +elongate-lanceolate, +13–24 cm +long, +3–4.5 cm +wide, adaxially green, glabrous, abaxially gray, densely hairy, hairs setose, red, c. +1.5 mm +long; base cuneate-oblique, apex acute; +venation +pinnate, midrib prominent on both surfaces, adaxially sparsely and abaxially densely hairy, hairs c. +1.5 mm +long, secondary veins 20–22 pairs, weakly brochidodromous, tertiary veins abaxially prominent. +Stipules +1.7–2.5 cm +long, +1.2 cm +at widest, ovate, acuminate, slightly 3 - lobed, abaxially densely hairy, hairs septate, red, c. +1.5 mm +long. +Inflorescences +axillary, pseudo-terminal heads, erect then nodding, heads c. +2 cm +in diameter, many-flowered; +peduncles +3.5–4.5 cm +long, +0.2–0.3 cm +in diameter, densely hairy, hairs septate, red, c. +1.3 mm +long. +Bracts +oblanceolate, 3.0– +3.2 mm +long, +1.1–1.3 mm +wide, white, apically red-violet, ciliate, abaxially densely hairy, hairs septate, red, c. +1 mm +long. +Interfloral bracts +linear, c. +3.5 mm +long, +0.25 mm +wide, white, abaxially densely hairy, hairs septate, red, c. +0.6–0.8 mm +long. +Flowers +bisexual, probably heterostylous, sessile, c. +1.1 cm +long. +Calyx +5 - lobed, lobes spatulate, white, apically red, +7–8 mm +long, c. +1.6 mm +at widest, adaxially glabrous, abaxially densely hairy, hairs septate, red, c. +1 mm +long. +Corolla +white, turning brown, tubiform with spreading lobes; +tube +5–5.4 mm +long, +1.2–1.4 mm +in diameter, outside glabrous, inside densely white tomentose on upper ¾, hairs +0.4–0.5 mm +long; +lobes +5, +2.4–3 mm +long, +0.7–1 mm +at widest, oblong-lanceolate, acute, outside white to red setose with +0.5–0.6 mm +long stiff hairs, inside papillose. +Stamens +5, inserted at corolla base, +5.3–5.5 mm +long; filaments c. +5 mm +long, glabrous; anthers c. +1 mm +long, dorsifixed, longitudinally dehiscent. +Pistil +4.8–5.0 mm long; +disc +white, hemispherical, c. +0.5 mm +high; +ovary +2 - celled, c. +2 mm +high, +1.5 mm +wide, densely red septate hairy; +ovules +numerous on a globose, axile placenta in each cell; +style +2.7–2.8 mm +long, gradually thickened towards the apex, sparsely hairy on upper half; +stigma +2 - lobed, lobes lanceolate, with obtuse apex, c. +1.3–1.4 mm +long. +Fruit +unknown. + + + + +Etymology. + +The species epithet is derived from the location where the new taxon was discovered. + + + +Vernacular name. + + +Hoàng cành An Toàn +(Vietnamese). + + + + +Phenology. + +Flowering observed in May; fruiting is unknown. + + + +Distribution and ecology. + + +The species is known only from An Toan Nature Reserve ( +Binh Dinh Province +, +Vietnam +). It grows on moist fertile soils in lower montane evergreen forests at elevations around + +850 m +. + +The forest is dominated by +Rubiaceae +, +Fagaceae +, +Lauraceae +, +Myrtaceae +, +Clusiaceae +, and +Fabaceae +. + + + + +Preliminary IUCN conservation status. + + +Data Deficient ( +IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2024 +). The new species appears to be rare and was discovered in a small population. Its actual distribution and population size cannot be assessed at present, but the species is likely to occur in adjacent forests in +Gia Lai +and +Quang Ngai +Provinces. Further surveys are necessary to determine its precise conservation status. + + + + +Taxonomic notes. + + +Axelius (1990) +identified ferruginous indumentum as a synapomorphy for + +Xanthophytum +species. + +Despite variations in color and density among species, the indumentum generally consists of two kinds of hairs: multicellular (septate) and unicellular. Septate hairs are found on vegetative parts and the exterior of the calyx and corolla, while unicellular hairs are located inside the corolla. These hairs are further classified into +four types +, one of which is setose hairs that are characterized as stiff, ferruginous, approximately +0.5 mm +long, entirely septate with thick, smooth cell walls. Confined to vegetative parts, setose hairs have an upper part filled with a reddish substance and a swollen basal cell that protrudes from the leaf surface. To date, only two + +Xanthophytum +species + +, + +X. capitatum + +and + +X. setosum +Axelius + +( +Axelius 1990 +), have been reported to possess setose hairs on their leaves. Therefore, our new taxon represents the third species in this group. Its setose hairs are up to +1.5 mm +long, three times as long as those in the other species. + + +In + +Xanthophytum + +, flower morphology varies across species, some species having heterostylous flowers and others having homostylous flowers, with different placements of stamens and stigma, as well as varying hair-ring widths inside the corolla. However, many species remain undocumented due to lack of flowering material ( +Axelius 1990 +; +Chen and Taylor 2011 +). According to +Axelius (1990) +, in homostylous species with narrow hair-rings, anthers are positioned at the level of the ring with the stigma positioned just above the ring; for those with broad hair-rings, anthers are positioned at the ring’s upper margin with the stigma clearly above the hair-ring. Most heterostylous species with narrow hair-rings have the anthers positioned at the level of the ring and the stigma positioned clearly above it, while species with broad hair-rings show more variation: the stigma can be positioned above or at the level of the ring, and anthers in brevistylous flowers may be above, at, or below the hair-ring, whereas in longistylous flowers, anthers are usually at the level of the ring. Our specimen, with a broad hair-ring, has the anthers at the upper part and the stigma at the lower part of the ring, similar to brevistylous flowers in other species like + +X. cylindricum +Axelius + +( +Axelius 1990 +). We thus assume our species is heterostylous, and our studied specimen is likely brevistylous, as we have not encountered longistylous flowers. + + + +Xanthophytum antoanense + +is morphologically closest to + +X. capitatum +( +Valeton 1910 +) + +, sharing the presence of setose hairs on the abaxial leaf surface and a pedunculate head-like inflorescence. However, the two species can be distinguished by key morphological characteristics as outlined in the diagnosis. Additionally, + +X. antoanense + +differs in having ovate, slightly 3 - lobed and +1.7–2.5 cm +long stipules (vs. triangular to ovate and c. +0.7 cm +long in + +X. capitatum + +), 4–6 (vs. c. 3.5) cm long petioles, larger flower heads (c. 2 vs. c. +1.5 cm +in diameter), adaxially glabrous and +7–8 mm +long calyx lobes (vs. pubescent and c. +0.6 mm +long), oblong-lanceolate (vs. triangular) corolla lobes, and brevistylous flowers with 5.3–5.5 (vs. c. 2) mm long stamens and a 2.7–2.8 (vs. c. 1.4) mm long style. Furthermore, the corolla tube of brevistylous flowers in + +X. antoanense + +is densely hairy on the upper three-quarters of the inside, whereas in + +X. capitatum + +, it has a c. +0.6 mm +high ring of hairs in the upper part of the tube. + + + +Xanthophytum setosum + +is easily distinguishable from the new taxon as it has a paniculate inflorescence. It further differs from the new species in having smaller leaf blades ( +7–16 cm +long in + +X. setosum + +vs. +13–24 cm +long) with 12–19 (vs. 20–22) pairs of secondary veins, shorter petioles (≤ 4 vs. 4–6) cm long, c. +1 cm +long and unlobed (vs. +1.7–2.5 cm +long and 3 - lobed) stipules, minute (vs. c. +3.5 mm +long) bracts, an adaxially densely pubescent (vs. glabrous) calyx with bluntly triangular and c. +1 mm +long (vs. spatulate and +7–8 mm +long) lobes, smaller brevistylous flowers (longistylous flowers unknown) with c. 1.8 (vs. 5–5.4) mm long corolla tube and c. 1.2 (vs. 2.4–3) mm long corolla lobes, shorter stamens (c. 2.8 vs. +5.3–5.5 mm +long), and a c. +1.2 mm +long and glabrous (vs. +2.7–2.8 mm +long and apically hairy) style. Finally, the corolla tube in + +X. antoanense + +is densely hairy on the upper three-quarters of the inside and glabrous on the outside, whereas in + +X. setosum + +, it has a narrow ring of hairs below the throat on the inside and is sparsely hairy on the outside. + + +The leaf size and shape, head-like pedunculate inflorescence, and spatulate calyx lobes in + +Xanthophytum antoanense + +are reminiscent of those in + +X. attopevense + +from +Laos +. However, + +X. attopevense + +differs in several key characteristics: it has a cuneate to attenuate (vs. cuneate-oblique in + +X. antoanense + +) leaf base, shorter petioles (c. 2 vs. +4–6 cm +long), c. +1.5 cm +long and unlobed stipules (vs. +1.7–2.5 cm +long and 3 - lobed), flower heads c. 1.5 (vs. c. 2) cm in diameter, up to 1.5 (vs. 3.5–4.5) cm long peduncles, adaxially hairy and +1.5–2.5 mm +long (vs. glabrous and +7–8 mm +long) calyx lobes, a c. 2 (vs. 5–5.4) mm long corolla tube, and c. 1 (vs. 2.4–3) mm long corolla lobes. Notably, + +X. attopevense + +was not reported to have setose hairs on its leaf blades, although this type of hair is depicted in a drawing illustrating fruits attached to the type specimens +Harmand 1099 +, collected in +February 1877 +, Attopeu, Bassac, +Laos +( +P +, barcodes 02436251 and 02436253) ( +JSTOR 2024 +). + + +The morphological differences among these four species are summarized in Table +1 +. + + + + + + +Key morphological differences between + +Xanthophytum antoanense + +and its closest congeners (based on +Axelius 1990 +; +Chen and Taylor 2011 +). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Characteristics +X. antoanense + +X. attopevense + +X. capitatum +X. setosum
Indumentum on stemseptatesericeous to piloseseptate and setoseseptate and setose
Stipulesovate, 1.7–2.5 cm long, 3 - lobed, hairs septateovate, c. 1.5 by 0.8 cm, unlobed, hairs sericeous or pilose to glabrescenttriangular to ovate, 0.7 cm long, unlobed, hairs septatelanceolate, triangular or ovate, c. 1 cm long, unlobed, hairs septate and setose
Leaf blade13–24 × 3–4.5 cm, narrowly lanceolate, abaxially with dense red setose hairs, base cuneate-oblique11–20 × 3–5 cm, broadly lanceolate to oblong, abaxially with sericeous hairs, base cuneate to attenuate8–18.5 × 2.5–7 cm, oblong to obovate, abaxially with setose hairs, base cuneate to attenuate7–16 × 2.5–6.6 cm, lanceolate to oblong, abaxially with setose hairs, base cuneate to attenuate
Leaf secondary veins20–22 pairs20–24 pairs11–16 pairs12–19 pairs
Petioles4–6 cm long, hairs septate2 cm long, hairs sericeous3.5 cm long, hairs setose≤ 4 cm long, hairs setose
Inflorescencehead-like, heads 2 cm in diameterhead-like, heads c. 1 cm in diameterhead-like, heads ≤ 1.5 cm in diameterpaniculate
Peduncles3.5–4.5 cm long, hairs septate≤ 1.5 cm long, hairs sericeous0.5–3 cm long, hairs setose≤ 3.5 cm long, hairs septate and setose
Bractsoblanceolate, 3.0–3.2 mm longtriangular, 1.5–3 mm longnarrow, ≤ 1 cm longminute
Calyxadaxially glabrousadaxially glabrousadaxially densely pubescentadaxially densely pubescent
Calyx lobesspatulate, 7–8 mm longband-shaped to broadly spatulate, 1.5–2.5 mm longbluntly triangular, c. 0.6 mm longbluntly triangular, c. 1 mm
Corolla tube of brevistylous flowers5–5.4 mm long, inside densely hairy on upper ¾, outside glabrousc. 2 mm long, inside with a ring of hairs at the upper part, outside glabrous1.8 mm long, inside with a 0.6 mm high ring of hairs in the upper part of the tube, outside glabrousc. 1.8 mm, inside with a narrow ring of hairs a bit down from the throat, outside sparsely hairy
Corolla lobesoblong-lanceolate, 2.4–3 mm longshape unknown, c. 1 mm longtriangular, 0.7 mm longtriangular, 1.2 mm long
Stamens of brevistylous flowers5.3–5.5 mm longc. 2 mm longc. 2 mm longc. 2.8 mm long
Style of brevistylous flowers2.7–2.8 mm long, sparsely hairy at upper halfc. 2.5 mm long, glabrousc. 1.4 mm long, glabrousc. 1.2 mm long, glabrous
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