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<mods:title id="5847690D4806B5CE810BD32DF92578A7">New Species of Virola (Myristicaceae) from South America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68198C2169205CE89FC72022DE5D5B89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68198C2169205CE89FC72022DE5D5B89" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName LSID="68198C21-6920-5CE8-9FC7-2022DE5D5B89" authority="A. C. Sm. Brittonia 2: 476. 1938." authorityName="A. C. Sm. Brittonia 2: 476. 1938." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">Virola macrocarpa A. C. Sm. Brittonia 2: 476. 1938.</taxonomicName>
<treatment id="68198C2169205CE89FC72022DE5D5B89" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195703435" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68198C2169205CE89FC72022DE5D5B89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68198C2169205CE89FC72022DE5D5B89" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" scope_family="Myristicaceae">
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<taxonomicName id="3D23560C1769C0C21E39B858E5AA03CA" LSID="68198C21-6920-5CE8-9FC7-2022DE5D5B89" authority="A. C. Sm. Brittonia 2: 476. 1938." authorityName="A. C. Sm. Brittonia 2: 476. 1938." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">Virola macrocarpa A. C. Sm. Brittonia 2: 476. 1938.</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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<typeStatus id="66F119EABA7C174A5E154DFEB8EF2142">Type</typeStatus>
.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1933-03-15" collectorName="El Umbo, El Humbo, A. E. Lawrence" country="Colombia" elevation="1100" location="El Humbo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Boyaca" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectingCountry name="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
<paragraph id="59B732A316254E0256518FAFED9F1A27" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<materialsCitation id="B79C0DF1CF321BA6EB1091E7D924646D" collectingDate="1933-03-15" collectorName="El Umbo, El Humbo, A. E. Lawrence" country="Colombia" elevation="1100" location="El Humbo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Boyaca" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="0AF8B06B3EA1C4D8B05A09F8CB7D24D4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectingCountry id="0AD6BBCA5BBBBF64494765C81186193A" name="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boyacá">
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Boyaca">Boyaca</collectingRegion>
<normalizedToken id="FD728365DB48A0E0E5B24C2C1600254E" originalValue="Boyacá">
<collectingRegion id="101B0FEADB62E2946AD3CD236E529B29" country="Colombia" name="Boyaca">Boyaca</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
: [Municipality Muzo] [
<collectorName>El Umbo</collectorName>
<collectorName id="B29943C5B4C60A07A45BFE8983A07F81">El Umbo</collectorName>
]
<collectorName>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68198C2169205CE89FC72022DE5D5B89:28F3731CA531349E7CD11BFCD6BF762B" country="Colombia" name="El Humbo" stateProvince="Boyaca">El Humbo</location>
<collectorName id="C4577E269FF964C056391A93136B40D1">
<location id="28F3731CA531349E7CD11BFCD6BF762B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68198C2169205CE89FC72022DE5D5B89:28F3731CA531349E7CD11BFCD6BF762B" country="Colombia" name="El Humbo" stateProvince="Boyaca">El Humbo</location>
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, ca.
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0921472" unit="mi" value="130.0">130 mi</quantity>
<quantity id="0BDAD6415EF9D29D59F7F8BFDBB19F3E" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0921472" unit="mi" value="130.0">130 mi</quantity>
N of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Bogota">Bogota</collectingRegion>
<normalizedToken id="FE93477CAD0832A925BF28D163F856B1" originalValue="Bogotá">
<collectingRegion id="53D839190DB450256A8682C968309E25" country="Colombia" name="Bogota">Bogota</collectingRegion>
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, alt. ca.
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="1100.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</elevation>
<quantity id="95D96C399EB0C96EC04A330C4CC0B166" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="1100.0">
<elevation id="CFE28623904F7DB2827E5D3ECED122DC" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</elevation>
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,
<collectingDate value="1933-03-15">15 Mar. 1933</collectingDate>
<collectingDate id="6B8EC94B2565867F54D0633353C1FAC5" value="1933-03-15">15 Mar. 1933</collectingDate>
[fr],
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectorName>A. E. Lawrence</collectorName>
<emphasis id="CF87622A32930B165AEAEEBFEC6392A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectorName id="BCF6F7305C80E76C5DB177A3CFC1CB6C">A. E. Lawrence</collectorName>
675
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(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
<typeStatus id="49CF8335C926A75B86BECDDB9AF7D78B">holotype</typeStatus>
: B, destroyed;
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
<typeStatus id="5FCF488C0461CE9A18DE27F0603B2A3C">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: MO-2 sheets [accession 1068405, 1068404, barcodes MO-100018, MO-100024]; isolectotypes A [barcode 00039901; image!], F-2 sheets [barcodes F0360189F, F0360190F; image!], G-2 sheets [barcodes G00341083, G00341085; image!], K [barcode K000575178; image!], S [S-R-6995], US-2 sheets [barcodes US00098908, US00098909; image!]; photo of the B specimen at P [barcode 02026667; image!])
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<subSubSection id="CDEC7FB6C899531C9F372073C9ECB3CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7D9C759AE93B15B0EA42BBCDC7B45A09" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1BE1066E2064152D2DF83056F925D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Endemic to Colombia (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="031B8070F0140F5341B4DE874C316099" originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola macrocarpa</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="B214B8AC91D409406F84D9E36B6EB317" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="notes">
<paragraph id="9AC6AA83BE2E305D79A20B40A5E63E73" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="658F02957EA60D376684022CC4D2455C" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName id="6086746DA6DA0DF76EA855705DAF3EB4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis id="528C0363FB1B5135BDA12F653DAA9618" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by Smith based on a specimen collected by the Scottish immigrant Alexander E. Lawrance in the Andes of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="387567F5ECA3FE017D7C7C5CA4727E57" originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
, Colombia (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" author="Smith, AC" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="393 - 510" refId="B74" refString="Smith, AC, Wodehouse, RP, 1938. The American species of Myristicaceae. Brittonia 2 (5): 393 - 510, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" title="The American species of Myristicaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" volume="2" year="1938">Smith and Wodehouse 1938</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="CFB877B68B5A86977BED8E1659BCE3BC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" author="Smith, AC" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="393 - 510" refId="B74" refString="Smith, AC, Wodehouse, RP, 1938. The American species of Myristicaceae. Brittonia 2 (5): 393 - 510, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" title="The American species of Myristicaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" volume="2" year="1938">Smith and Wodehouse 1938</bibRefCitation>
). In the protologue, Smith mentions that the type is deposited in the herbarium of the Botanisches Museum, Berlin-Dahlem (B), and F, M, S, US; there are additional, duplicates at A, G, K, and MO. Because the material at B was destroyed during World War II, we designate the material deposited at Missouri Botanical Garden (MO) as lectotype for this name, according to Art. 9.11 of ICN (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" refId="B81" refString="Turland, NJ, Wiersema, JH, Barrie, FR, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Kusber, W-H, Li, D-Z, Marhold, K, May, TW, McNeill, J, Monro, AM, Prado, J, Price, MJ, Smith, GF [Eds], 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="728763CAC1C93C77C451F40096DAD221" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" refId="B81" refString="Turland, NJ, Wiersema, JH, Barrie, FR, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Kusber, W-H, Li, D-Z, Marhold, K, May, TW, McNeill, J, Monro, AM, Prado, J, Price, MJ, Smith, GF [Eds], 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
). This specimen is mounted on two sheets that are properly labelled as being parts of the same specimen (i.e., &quot;Sheet 1 of 2,&quot; &quot;Sheet 2 of 2) according to ICN Art. 8.3 (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" refId="B81" refString="Turland, NJ, Wiersema, JH, Barrie, FR, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Kusber, W-H, Li, D-Z, Marhold, K, May, TW, McNeill, J, Monro, AM, Prado, J, Price, MJ, Smith, GF [Eds], 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). One of these sheets shows the adaxial side of leaves and the infrutescence axes (MO-1068404; sheet 1 of 2), while the other (MO-1068405; sheet 2 of 2) includes fragments of both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces and a single dehiscent fruit that is attached, with six additional fruits inside the packet. This second sheet is annotated in
<normalizedToken originalValue="Smiths">Smith's</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A4773506BF86A5DDD9543046F0459037" originalValue="Smiths">Smith's</normalizedToken>
handwriting. These specimens were distributed under the name of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. sebifera" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sebifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. sebifera</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="088728E4852233F005E7B319480446B1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. sebifera" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sebifera">
<emphasis id="D6D579DCF6F64DE1C2F7D28E0239EF95" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. sebifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<paragraph id="CF89452523D77B48609E4A2C3BE14F2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
The name
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola macrocarpa</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3A512F11A597AE3A5A468E18678B544D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis id="F59FFF2ED108BD50DCE3A9703C626DE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was applied to collections from Costa Rica and Panama that now correspond to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allenii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. allenii</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="494425CC0A8F63348205859AA543F4C5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. allenii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allenii">
<emphasis id="3C9693EC48B4631FBA86E51553316562" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. allenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. amistadensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amistadensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. amistadensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4415D6AEF6AF3AEC90659336BC9F6A4A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. amistadensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amistadensis">
<emphasis id="7031A63952AE13225AA610D1DFAD3570" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. amistadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. otobifolia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="otobifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. otobifolia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6E1F80D7912AC46A447E11BA53180740" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. otobifolia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="otobifolia">
<emphasis id="F59BD0A62B26E27B3A1F2D0A3760BAB8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. otobifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well some collections from Colombia and Ecuador that now correspond to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. alvaroperezii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alvaroperezii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. alvaroperezii</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D2B6A066341FF7400C8714FFAD850BBE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. alvaroperezii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alvaroperezii">
<emphasis id="0EA3FFF059C3B0B0CAB37F997A8A3765" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. alvaroperezii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calimensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. calimensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E1A22A695EA43DCCAFF5330278BCD1F2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calimensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calimensis">
<emphasis id="88EF2AABD46573A59BDDD499D98C1D49" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. calimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. cogolloi" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cogolloi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. cogolloi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D095A9D073D4C8780E903DEE2F43D37E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. cogolloi" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cogolloi">
<emphasis id="923EC9FA4EF8ACA6F8B19039D75290FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. cogolloi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<paragraph id="319E933D383586647AB4119208BB25F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
It is important to mention that, following our species concept, this name has been widely used to identify specimens, and is thus frequent in the literature and specimen databases. As circumscribed here,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F252CFEF8590AA058E4A595E0A5A1056" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis id="41A6BD5CC6D2A9FC74926F339BF507E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the type collection and is restricted to Colombia. We believe that the identity of following and others specimens identified as
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="303E2951856104303EFD0C4664F5F91C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis id="AECD769773DB3CA203BB8396F9AF1BD3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be evaluated when more collections are available, including:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="1A5D19BE86495087B16F48452FFB01A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cárdenas">Cardenas</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="EB939B1E61A77C66164F17BCF14B2C5E" originalValue="Cárdenas">Cardenas</normalizedToken>
et al. 2772
</emphasis>
(fr.; COL, MO);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="B880585487821E5487C82B3ABB88479C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
A. Gentry &amp; E.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rentería">Renteria</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="85B2955674B1B25BAC29CD15BE2615F4" originalValue="Rentería">Renteria</normalizedToken>
24055
</emphasis>
(fr.; COL, MO),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="E75CF52B0800F0FC9080BC18CF3248B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
S. E.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hoyos-Gómez">Hoyos-Gomez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B0FEBEE0AC3400A48D38A0CA45281B79" originalValue="Hoyos-Gómez">Hoyos-Gomez</normalizedToken>
&amp; A. Upegui 130
</emphasis>
(fr.; COL).

View file

@ -1,366 +1,366 @@
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<mods:identifier id="43902BBE3AB66ABD8B5AAA2BB2D01C12" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3BC3EDC63976F374206ADC413804AA76" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1023-81</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0D8B0732AF760D43743B53F8175CDDC6" type="ZooBank">F14F12AC47824643929A49941E24BB92</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8460C2C40D54208A1F93D5E4865C7B52" type="Pensoft-UUID">8E4EE48C84345AC48B877220002D94B6</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="180331289" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D01977C9-500E-4752-8DE4-1D9D7652C6C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6844BC539B115F9C8718B75ECF77B67D" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/D01977C9-500E-4752-8DE4-1D9D7652C6C5" authority="Hájek &amp; Shaverdo &amp; Hendrich &amp; Balke, 2021" authorityName="Hájek &amp; Shaverdo &amp; Hendrich &amp; Balke" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copelatus bougainvillensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bougainvillensis" status="sp. nov.">Copelatus bougainvillensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="81">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Habitus of Copelatus 1 C. baranensis sp. nov. (holotype; TL: 5.9 mm) 2 C. bougainvillensis sp. nov. (holotype; TL: 5.2 mm)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519048" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figures 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 16. Male genitalia of Copelatus bougainvillensis sp. nov. (holotype) A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519055" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">, 16</figureCitation>
<treatment id="6844BC539B115F9C8718B75ECF77B67D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180331289" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D01977C9-500E-4752-8DE4-1D9D7652C6C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6844BC539B115F9C8718B75ECF77B67D" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" scope_family="Dytiscidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Copelatinae">
<subSubSection id="375CCA3CF5031DEA445800FD4CE38D30" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="60E1E7015E9ADDAE0893EF62187EBB75" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName id="08EE1E9874CE5F4AD6C0542F7F06EEAB" ID-CoL="8LZLY" LSID="http://zoobank.org/D01977C9-500E-4752-8DE4-1D9D7652C6C5" authority="Hájek &amp; Shaverdo &amp; Hendrich &amp; Balke, 2021" authorityName="Hájek &amp; Shaverdo &amp; Hendrich &amp; Balke" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copelatus bougainvillensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bougainvillensis" status="sp. nov.">Copelatus bougainvillensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1CE2096E89091A36005609F0F38D57FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="187012CFC9B18665DF63863517306603" captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Habitus of Copelatus 1 C. baranensis sp. nov. (holotype; TL: 5.9 mm) 2 C. bougainvillensis sp. nov. (holotype; TL: 5.2 mm)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519048" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figures 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="4207C7E90A3555012F2391333879841D" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 16. Male genitalia of Copelatus bougainvillensis sp. nov. (holotype) A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519055" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">, 16</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
<subSubSection id="E2D504AD548DDC26E1C123B29D51328B" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="5BF8F741C9078749EE06FA23D8CA7750" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<typeStatus id="5483CFE79E76D530B94F4B6C1BF44258">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063630319" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Autonomous Region" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bougainville" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
<paragraph id="8B25A0D3365CCD3E66DFF8E9F774745C" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<materialsCitation id="6A951EF35216F99E07950BA0F3F54BA2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063630319" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Autonomous Region" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bougainville" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="79E8782F4772C57D666C9F76CB4B8606" name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6844BC539B115F9C8718B75ECF77B67D:5DCB2D8169CC6B59DBB96650C2AB4AAC" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Autonomous Region" stateProvince="Bougainville">Autonomous Region</location>
<location id="5DCB2D8169CC6B59DBB96650C2AB4AAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6844BC539B115F9C8718B75ECF77B67D:5DCB2D8169CC6B59DBB96650C2AB4AAC" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Autonomous Region" stateProvince="Bougainville">Autonomous Region</location>
of
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Bougainville">Bougainville</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="C75C3872D1E3761EB952DFB55F2EC47D" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Bougainville">Bougainville</collectingRegion>
, Kieta
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
<subSubSection id="5A5A7414BD7BE896EA69EDFEA8E44693" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="type material">
<paragraph id="6BD3AFA5629722B4FAFFA8E69E2069B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<typeStatus id="DBE8BA3342B6681535DAC6E8FE9226D9">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
<paragraph id="07A3D2005B4373320CB8D521E6C1A267" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="ECB0EBAB5F8A0E7A123C9E80B0F49CA9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="6B0BA3B742523F961BFFEA0772C702C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<typeStatus id="CED6EC5D1C2A6DA49C88434459073FA0">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063630335" collectingDate="2008-06-16" collectionCode="ZSMG" country="Papua New Guinea" determinerName="Balke" elevation="620" location="Kieta" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Bougainville" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount></specimenCount>
<materialsCitation id="23CEC8646AECBC98AF702A07905A9EAF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063630335" collectingDate="2008-06-16" collectionCode="ZSMG" country="Papua New Guinea" determinerName="Balke" elevation="620" location="Kieta" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Bougainville" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="7781115560F094778190B2915CE6A9A9"></specimenCount>
, labelled: &quot;
<collectingCountry name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="FD2FDC0C06CAEDB523D9EB05DDDF47BD" name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Bougainville">Bougainville</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="2058ECE3E7BCE97DD13206BF5D19DBA0" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Bougainville">Bougainville</collectingRegion>
, /
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6844BC539B115F9C8718B75ECF77B67D:D02DBFAE1B26C1DDA0182B687BAC66BA" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Kieta" stateProvince="Bougainville">Kieta</location>
<location id="D02DBFAE1B26C1DDA0182B687BAC66BA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6844BC539B115F9C8718B75ECF77B67D:D02DBFAE1B26C1DDA0182B687BAC66BA" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Kieta" stateProvince="Bougainville">Kieta</location>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" unit="m" value="620.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" unit="m" value="620.0">620 m</elevation>
<quantity id="5270B803AF52EAE26182B09896E71438" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" unit="m" value="620.0">
<elevation id="A591F611C8F52B3AABEAD22999426878" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" unit="m" value="620.0">620 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date value="2008-06-16">
<collectingDate value="2008-06-16">16.vi.2008</collectingDate>
<date id="366B36F712BE9147CE908793598CE568" value="2008-06-16">
<collectingDate id="12058C66B2124FCA77BE08E2A723EAE6" value="2008-06-16">16.vi.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, 06.13.035S / 155.30.401E, Posman, (PNG179a) [p] //
<typeStatus>HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount></specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="2F0015AB69843CB4F688A1A8A6CF50E4">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="15061A234777D562E668435587056304"></specimenCount>
/
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="COPELATUS" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">COPELATUS</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CE8830C95CFDE6B8C1CC614F2C8AF323" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="COPELATUS" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39BA79E09B8F92B02D29D9442D4CCD63" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">COPELATUS</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hájek &amp; Shaverdo &amp; Hendrich &amp; Balke" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copelatus bougainvillensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bougainvillensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Copelatus bougainvillensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="92D20D36D5C9C38AC4BF527F7C6C68F5" authorityName="Hájek &amp; Shaverdo &amp; Hendrich &amp; Balke" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copelatus bougainvillensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bougainvillensis">
<emphasis id="71C66E1A1CD24825874ECBA83462AB8B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Copelatus bougainvillensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. /
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hájek">Hajek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2283FA6EB761AC2E7CAF0741F4A57639" originalValue="Hájek">Hajek</normalizedToken>
, Shaverdo, Hendrich &amp;
<determinerName>Balke</determinerName>
<determinerName id="8B36F45757180777D05ED8CC25347002">Balke</determinerName>
det. 2020 [red label, p]&quot; (
<collectionCode>ZSMG</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="77F1A3E2B9DDA265A2D354357DA623DE">ZSMG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063630315" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectionCode="NHMUK, NHMW, NMPC, ZSMG" country="Papua New Guinea" determinerName="Balke" elevation="620" location="Kieta" specimenCount="35" specimenCount-female="15" specimenCount-male="20" stateProvince="Bougainville" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
<paragraph id="B7C9BDAC0183A086BC26D1F607960DC1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<materialsCitation id="2A560819AE77704CFB11143572261A26" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063630315" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectionCode="NHMUK, NHMW, NMPC, ZSMG" country="Papua New Guinea" determinerName="Balke" elevation="620" location="Kieta" specimenCount="35" specimenCount-female="15" specimenCount-male="20" stateProvince="Bougainville" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="57EE2FC3075501B3D4685B44040A0620" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="DB8AE2AB11B82827D8179C78FE9F6394" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<typeStatus id="E6180946BEB76CAD0B0FDA80937BC2E6">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount type="male">20 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="B63F1DB3FC8AFB3F31E3FD330892D45B" type="male">20 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">15 ♀♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="EF3FB552FA4FAFB9C715AC5FAF6DC32D" type="female">15 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype (
<collectionCode country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="2C6833D63ADA17D41961E154599EF81A" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="B5B0A2113E29BACD7EA3F546028D49E8" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hj12-2xm7" name="National Museum Prague" type="">NMPC</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="E347614C09E28E529794113C18A76450" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hj12-2xm7" name="National Museum Prague" type="">NMPC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode>ZSMG</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="56ABB19D31D1E1D70106817DAB16463F">ZSMG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<subSubSection id="7B8A940EA6E5E4800E7022DB39005C0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="description">
<paragraph id="7217714E7DE022744817E0AFF08E7740" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Description of male
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
<typeStatus id="19C80C6DBA52433E9C1B887696C1126B">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Habitus</emphasis>
<paragraph id="B8D6046EBCBC2B307E83626D648AF91B" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="A1F82D1B0210FF9F32FF4325AB242FFF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="F1C79E98238539879C1FDB5C9D8CE923" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Habitus</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Elongate, oblong-oval, broadest before mid-length of elytra; body moderately convex in lateral view. Body outline continuous, with only indistinct discontinuity between pronotum and elytra. Dorsal surface shiny (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Habitus of Copelatus 1 C. baranensis sp. nov. (holotype; TL: 5.9 mm) 2 C. bougainvillensis sp. nov. (holotype; TL: 5.2 mm)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519048" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="62A7EA9E09DA2382F8BB691E455962DF" captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Habitus of Copelatus 1 C. baranensis sp. nov. (holotype; TL: 5.9 mm) 2 C. bougainvillensis sp. nov. (holotype; TL: 5.2 mm)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519048" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Colouration</emphasis>
<paragraph id="09BD587618C8E13B6FBC5B24600391DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="E6A6A6D41F989287BC4DFC3ABF35736A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="04FE5E48E56855298650775887307462" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Colouration</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Body colour ferruginous; head on vertex, disc of pronotum, elytra along striae, and metaventrite darkened, brown blackish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Head</emphasis>
<paragraph id="FA9A8942025AEA6BAF0F10078E92A961" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="39B27DFADD418EDA0A98760D6D2BB256" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="A26AE5C9537643C6F63D4E8219BDA885" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Head</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Moderately broad, ca. 0.64
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2BA29056EE6C2D4F53992EC92EB7CD3F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width of pronotum, trapezoidal. Anterior margin of clypeus indistinctly concave. Antenna with antennomeres long and slender. Reticulation consisting of moderately deeply impressed polygonal isodiametric meshes. Punctation double, consisting of coarse setigerous punctures, and very small punctures spread sparsely on surface; row of coarse punctures present around inner margin of eyes, several punctures present at frontal level of eyes, and anterolaterally to eyes in fronto-clypeal depressions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Pronotum</emphasis>
<paragraph id="FB6754B1C6EE635DFD1E67B650D3639E" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="7D67932D0CC1D97643C0909560FFB77D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="6A133386FCB0C477C40CB777633009AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Pronotum</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Transverse (width/length ratio = 2.50), broadest between posterior angles; lateral margins almost straight in basal two thirds, slightly curved in anterior third. Sides with lateral beading very thin but distinct, except for anterior angles. Reticulation similar to that of head. Punctation similar to that of head; rows of coarse setigerous punctures present along anterior margin, laterally in longitudinal depression close to sides, several punctures present also in basolateral depressions along basal margin. Disc of pronotum laterally with few short, irregularly distributed longitudinal strioles; several strioles present also in depressions close to posterior angles. Centre of disc with medial longitudinal smooth line.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Elytra</emphasis>
<paragraph id="BA6E2B45306892D67B43C77F5804C2C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="4DA2F079D77CEB298BBCB6F31D27AD5A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="A51509EF636CCDCAFC815C3DB03248CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Elytra</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Base of elytra as broad as pronotal base; lateral margins of elytra slightly diverging in basal third, distinctly narrowing in apical half. Eleven discal and a submarginal longitudinal striae present on each elytron: stria 1 beginning posterior from scutellum; striae 2, 4, 6, 8 complete; striae 3, 5, 7, 9, 10 absent at base; stria 9 and 10 somewhat fragmented basally; all odd striae generally shortened apically. Submarginal stria present only as few short striolae in two thirds of elytral length. Surface reticulation similar to that of head and pronotum, meshes slightly smaller and less impressed. Punctation double, consisting of row of coarse setigerous punctures along elytral striae 4, 6, 8 and along lateral margin of elytra, and very fine sparsely distributed punctures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Legs</emphasis>
<paragraph id="26FE18983526687F310FEA7EBEA2746C" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="14DE1FAE63C905A16BE369D714D29BEB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="DFA7385C2ABA59C2AE881AD4180FBB85" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Legs</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Protibia simple, slightly broadened anteriorly, club shaped. Pro- and mesotarsomeres 1-3 distinctly broadened, with adhesive setae on their ventral side. Anterior protarsal claw broad basally, slightly constricted in apical third, strongly curved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Ventral side</emphasis>
<paragraph id="4767ECFC8B3633CA125977AE1A2F27C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="C0C32F3033F43CF645297138FF4E01D1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="EEA13B57CF9407592D7D98BA608DA66B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Ventral side</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Prosternum sinuate anteriorly, obtusely keeled medially. Prosternal process shortly lanceolate, in cross-section convex, apex obtuse; process distinctly bordered laterally; reticulation consisting of shallow, hardly perceptible polygonal meshes. Metaventrite with microsculpture consisting of polygonal meshes; lateral parts of metaventrite (&quot;metasternal wings&quot;) tongue-shaped, slender. Metacoxal lines well impressed, nearly complete, absent only close to metaventrite. Metacoxal plates covered with long, deep longitudinal strioles; reticulation consisting of elongated, longitudinal polygonal meshes. Metacoxal processes rounded and indistinctly incised at posterior margin. Abdominal ventrites I-II with longitudinal strioles; ventrites III and IV with oblique strioles laterally. Tuft of setae present antero-medially on ventrites III-V; ventrite
<collectionCode country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute">VI</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="5693CAD938CDA47B5102F2C1EFEE5B4F" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute">VI</collectionCode>
with setigerous punctures laterally on either side. Abdominal reticulation consisting of elongate polygonal meshes, longitudinal on ventrites I and II, oblique on ventrite III and transverse on ventrites IV-VI. Punctation consisting of fine, sparsely distributed punctures; punctures coarser and denser laterally on apical ventrite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Genitalia</emphasis>
<paragraph id="9ABBC33C70D922A7DA18230D10FC332F" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="7C0E68F7F1F9506CC8F714B8AC0A72C4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="4656EA55C2783A16420671E19F241DF5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Genitalia</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 16. Male genitalia of Copelatus bougainvillensis sp. nov. (holotype) A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519055" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">16</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F2025C45CD633C53FA250052F26064F7" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 16. Male genitalia of Copelatus bougainvillensis sp. nov. (holotype) A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519055" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">16</figureCitation>
) sickle-shaped, with pointed apex and distinct rugose surface sculpture visible in lateral view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 16. Male genitalia of Copelatus bougainvillensis sp. nov. (holotype) A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519055" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">16A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E85E7D2AD7D1F4B2735404ECEE552149" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 16. Male genitalia of Copelatus bougainvillensis sp. nov. (holotype) A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519055" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">16A, B</figureCitation>
); consisting of dorsal and ventral sclerites; dorsal sclerite divided into two parts of different shape in apical half, left part with lateral margin slightly curved and apex pointed (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 16. Male genitalia of Copelatus bougainvillensis sp. nov. (holotype) A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519055" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">16C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C3E073FBF60F3F99970769379F8CE5F0" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 16. Male genitalia of Copelatus bougainvillensis sp. nov. (holotype) A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519055" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">16C</figureCitation>
); ventral sclerite with left part strongly sclerotised, its apex in shape of a small hook visible in lateral left view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 16. Male genitalia of Copelatus bougainvillensis sp. nov. (holotype) A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519055" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">16B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="A0C249A17BD83DE7D809E102221A610C" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 16. Male genitalia of Copelatus bougainvillensis sp. nov. (holotype) A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519055" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">16B</figureCitation>
), right part membranous; apexes of dorsal and ventral sclerites elongate, more or less pressed together.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<paragraph id="8E6A08FC1A72CADFC171FB29925A26F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Lateral lobes (parameres) of narrow triangular form, with almost straight setigerous dorsal margin; setae numerous, dense, and strong distally, and distinctly less numerous, weaker, and sparser basally (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 16. Male genitalia of Copelatus bougainvillensis sp. nov. (holotype) A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519055" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">16D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="8E42B96CB5A5843E388083FF79D70C5A" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 16. Male genitalia of Copelatus bougainvillensis sp. nov. (holotype) A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519055" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">16D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Female.</emphasis>
<paragraph id="B10556E4D6D72783DF7D42FD91D3AA44" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="4F9B81CC8BC490D8F7DEE89DBF0A83A0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Female.</emphasis>
Identical to male in habitus. Pro- and mesotarsomeres not broadened, without adhesive setae; protarsal claws simple.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="variability">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Variability.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<subSubSection id="110DE045ECA21926DA4AF4923C9089EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="variability">
<paragraph id="6B38118D7BA76A379B5277C505F26B3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Variability.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902AA39C0E3620FEBBEFD8BAB2F42982" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
The specimens of the
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
<typeStatus id="4E47F858FFFF2C16BE4595348AB02218">type</typeStatus>
series vary in extent of infuscation of the pronotal disc and elytra; in some specimens, the pronotum is largely brown blackish with ferruginous sides, and the centre of elytral disc is almost uniformly brown blackish. There is also a variation in number and position of longitudinal strioles on pronotum. Finally, there is a little variability in elytral striation: striae 2-9 may all beginning at the base of elytra, but also the odd striae 3, 5, 7, 9 may be fragmented at the base of elytra.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Measurements.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<subSubSection id="466CB234F63EBF5CD50C2C542196F7CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="description">
<paragraph id="FEA1B5FBB07C800005C348177D414018" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Measurements.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9526916272B5983A8C066E526C3300DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
TL:
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.45" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="5.2" unit="mm" value="5.45" valueMax="5.7" valueMin="5.2">5.2-5.7 mm</quantity>
<quantity id="59AD9C534D1A7AF434C0DAD93C5A9EAB" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.45" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="5.2" unit="mm" value="5.45" valueMax="5.7" valueMin="5.2">5.2-5.7 mm</quantity>
(mean value:
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="5.4" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="5.6" valueMin="5.4">
<quantity id="81FCEAB1CACCF1155B94D324E292360F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="5.4" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="5.6" valueMin="5.4">
5.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="FE6090B7FA983AAC2FF7E86369CEDC0A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.1 mm
</quantity>
);
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
<typeStatus id="8691FB7CEBEA2E9C911D763360680A51">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
<quantity id="EB35DE4E3487CA228284882C89DF323D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
. TL-h:
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.7" unit="mm" value="4.95" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="4.7">4.7-5.2 mm</quantity>
<quantity id="27A3D841D23DEA3D5EA50D59FFC65C24" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.7" unit="mm" value="4.95" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="4.7">4.7-5.2 mm</quantity>
(mean value: 5.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
<normalizedToken id="41ED252AC83598AE907ADC553AE84EF1" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="4347756572AD71F0E2129A62DE3CA3AE" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
);
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
<typeStatus id="7E7243118683E2919D5C23FA851E9BB0">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
<quantity id="2D3CEE87B732A88A2C94EC137CE97733" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
.
<collectionCode country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann">MW</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="3CC4CB5E93B00077CF9685E82291988D" country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann">MW</collectionCode>
:
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.4" unit="mm" value="2.55" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.4">2.4-2.7 mm</quantity>
<quantity id="584ADC93D8B497C42DC7B002791E79B0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.4" unit="mm" value="2.55" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.4">2.4-2.7 mm</quantity>
(mean value:
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.6" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.5">
<quantity id="C6442D087E6B72657DEDF08F26610FB8" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.6" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.5">
2.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D10DC8545CDBC5339D7DA13EA3A58135" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.1 mm
</quantity>
);
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
<typeStatus id="3AA90A5B13580D38A11F84940A13C658">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
<quantity id="783083BCDB195B39FF7BF92731E5C7D2" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<subSubSection id="92B51863931654DC57DF57EA6E9E672F" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6B302769E853487F99856A99C50CA771" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E07DCD7F02F72CF42E61DDE85F59BCB" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Based on the presence of eleven dorsal striae and a submarginal stria, the new species can be classified within
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. trilobatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="trilobatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. trilobatus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F9F6F01B84EDCE485D14AFBB0DBD5E8E" lsidName="C. trilobatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="trilobatus">
<emphasis id="57F5B016C07FE1AD356BEBFBE4A19CE2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. trilobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group, see under
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. baranensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="baranensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. baranensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C3591F8EC03B821CF0E718F9D118E596" lsidName="C. baranensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="baranensis">
<emphasis id="9587963635CA19D829F7C803361FC17D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. baranensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hájek &amp; Shaverdo &amp; Hendrich &amp; Balke" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copelatus bougainvillensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bougainvillensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Copelatus bougainvillensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5595FFBBDC0D0B41C299DAF904F894F2" authorityName="Hájek &amp; Shaverdo &amp; Hendrich &amp; Balke" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copelatus bougainvillensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bougainvillensis">
<emphasis id="06A730B665AC470281DD263EBFD0AE14" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Copelatus bougainvillensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. differs from all species of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. trilobatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="trilobatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. trilobatus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AEE4E52110809C03AAA2CD818DC734F6" lsidName="C. trilobatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="trilobatus">
<emphasis id="DCFC910185D66A876A198DC2DB794F04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. trilobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by combination of small body length, dorsal surface colouration and the shape of the male genitalia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<paragraph id="45F919FD97CE5DF5A4839C8E18E19259" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
On the other hand, in general appearance and structure of the male genitalia,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hájek &amp; Shaverdo &amp; Hendrich &amp; Balke" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copelatus bougainvillensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bougainvillensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Copelatus bougainvillensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DD0FB65219DEA4F3AF054A04A5504774" authorityName="Hájek &amp; Shaverdo &amp; Hendrich &amp; Balke" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copelatus bougainvillensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bougainvillensis">
<emphasis id="943124058643A46E5B0417B06DB22F9C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Copelatus bougainvillensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is very similar (and probably closely related) to
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. baranensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="baranensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. baranensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2C57EB582DA67EBD5C5C21DB003CC2B" lsidName="C. baranensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="baranensis">
<emphasis id="414901C28F17ADA9A09DABF0C34C877C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. baranensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. It can be distinguished from the latter species by habitus with pronotal sides almost straight in basal two thirds, and elytra diverging in basal third (not subparallel), and by median lobe apically more elongate and more slender, with apex differently shaped (cf. Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 15. Male genitalia of Copelatus baranensis sp. nov. (holotype) A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519054" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">15</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1A11130B4754EA4BB57800D6C131D3C6" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 15. Male genitalia of Copelatus baranensis sp. nov. (holotype) A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519054" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 16. Male genitalia of Copelatus bougainvillensis sp. nov. (holotype) A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519055" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">16</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="138014720E448C7F1B3A83EF657FD09D" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 16. Male genitalia of Copelatus bougainvillensis sp. nov. (holotype) A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1023.61478.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/519055" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">16</figureCitation>
). For differentiation from sympatric
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kietensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="kietensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. kietensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D2406A55D7FAB14369D5212FFE948F92" lsidName="C. kietensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="kietensis">
<emphasis id="6529978CC7383EF5044630105AB55867" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. kietensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., see below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<subSubSection id="E39AB693DBEE93575DAB8084AB90C65E" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="177DD15549731A455B44AB822F6677EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D4D9E0A6D45A6C8FBBFA5C5C81339837" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
The species is named after the
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Bougainville">Bougainville</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="22956215FF0AB6DBCB38CCE281D04AF3" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Bougainville">Bougainville</collectingRegion>
Island where it was collected. The specific epithet is an adjective in the nominative singular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063630313" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" location="Island" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bougainville">
<subSubSection id="8CFF1B03C4A1E7D93D4CDDEF190182E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="88326DF42A109709CA3C77D76647350D" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00BF4C4B401C36658993C8FDEF70F588" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<materialsCitation id="A139D1641CFC45EFD32040908AA47F9C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063630313" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" location="Island" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bougainville">
The species is to date only known from the
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
<typeStatus id="F1B54488E515B25E6851CD30BC8C9612">type</typeStatus>
locality on the eastern coast of the
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Bougainville">Bougainville</collectingRegion>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6844BC539B115F9C8718B75ECF77B67D:28A2755559EB5A953CBC0C35A79BC1EE" name="Island" stateProvince="Bougainville">Island</location>
<collectingRegion id="078348A5295217365184692BD9936847" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Bougainville">Bougainville</collectingRegion>
<location id="28A2755559EB5A953CBC0C35A79BC1EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6844BC539B115F9C8718B75ECF77B67D:28A2755559EB5A953CBC0C35A79BC1EE" name="Island" stateProvince="Bougainville">Island</location>
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.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Unknown.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="8FD199C9424E5FCE1681BB525F5F4785" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="F5478A7F6AA7A7780DE6C18C108BDC0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77FC0B5FC1CE62AB52DA8327379AFB3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -1,151 +1,151 @@
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189471114" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68503DEC735755D39D29636EC224072D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68503DEC735755D39D29636EC224072D" lastPageNumber="611" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
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<taxonomicName LSID="68503DEC-7357-55D3-9D29-636EC224072D" authority="Butler, 1881 species group" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Eupterotidae" genus="Apha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apha floralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floralis">Apha floralis Butler, 1881 species group</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
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<paragraph id="93BDA100F983EF85BF49C48D9D8AFDBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Description.</paragraph>
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Moderate sized moths (fore wing length 24-29 mm in males, 30-35 mm in females), characterized by bright, contrasting pattern. The basal fascia of the fore wing is dark brown, dentate and sometimes indistinct. The discal spot is round, dark brown and is always present. The antemedial fascia is angled or curved, towards the costa approximately at a right angle. The apical patch of the fore wing is elongated, semicircular, and extends along the costa. It is pale in colour, usually with a dark centre. The postmedial fascia is yellow, usually of the same colour as the apical forewing patch, straight, and running towards the apex of the wing; it is fused with the apical patch in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" genus="A." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. floralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. floralis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B58688EA9A2CE38D0D6B2D86017B18BE" class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. floralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floralis">
<emphasis id="676A2A1F9D2CC903F3FB2D66A90F480A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. floralis</emphasis>
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,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" genus="A." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. zephyrus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zephyrus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. zephyrus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="272B697B475781CD5A659C33F110D96F" class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. zephyrus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zephyrus">
<emphasis id="B69B36028CA4D9674793DE28421E983E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. zephyrus</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. witti</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="49205C6DD699CC7DCBB485AE2C2EAC91" class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. witti" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="witti">
<emphasis id="E42D1FF583C35CBDF50CAE86696387E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. witti</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. kantonensis</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="680F3CC715F22927A5AD6D75F06B9AE4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. kantonensis</emphasis>
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, and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. chloralis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="73ABB2BE65A9ECCADAF30D850BA81C8F" class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. chloralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chloralis">
<emphasis id="A48ACB140494FD2D72BE10A0B7CAE1B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. chloralis</emphasis>
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. The postmedial fascia is bordered basally by a well expressed, thin, dark shadow giving the impression that it is a double line; in some species the postmedial fascia is not clearly visible and weakly separable in colour from the distal part of the wing, but its basal shadow is always well defined. The submarginal fascia is zigzag-shaped, brown, sometimes indistinct. The hind wings are darker basally while the external field is bright yellow, usually without prominent pattern. The postmedial fasciae of the hind wings are of the same colour as those of the fore wings.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Male genitalia.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
<subSubSection id="40A2E08461D8C1961FFAA9A1D7589DC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="male genitalia">
<paragraph id="5BE33812755697B34123A19233E7F20C" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Male genitalia.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6DA358933C3D14251A4F1AA5CE9DD268" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
Uncus well developed, bilobed; the lobes usually strongly widened at the apex; gnathos very weakly sclerotized, distinct and consisting of two separate branches, not fused, but held together by a membrane; valvae are without saccular lobes, however these lobes are present in
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. witti</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DAB0B37C4C5E3BE41682A8DAF181BFB2" class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. witti" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="witti">
<emphasis id="5FE39923B32EE0C9B9E83B4057765458" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. witti</emphasis>
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, but they are weakly developed with only a moderate sized prominence; the saccus is weakly developed, the aedeagus width is equal to the coecum length. The vesica is without an appendix and bears cornuti which are not extended longitudinally as in other species groups but form a compact basal circle.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Female genitalia.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">The papillae anales are ovoid with numerous setae. The posterior and anterior apophyses are almost equal in size, with similar length and width. The postvaginal plate is well developed, with a medial incision; the plate is often transverse (i.e. extended longitudinally across the segment). The antevaginal plate is also well developed, it is high and has a medial incision of different depth. The antrum is short, wide and weakly sclerotized. The ductus bursae is not long; it is membranous or very weakly sclerotized. The corpus bursae is globe-shaped with a single, claw-shaped signum at its equator.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="5728214AD21B8AB33EA0B3F8B3110EF1" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="female genitalia">
<paragraph id="B121DB736AB2AA7F43E3022A6A6E7230" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Female genitalia.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F7C927CDA3906591B03CBFFF3A3465A" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">The papillae anales are ovoid with numerous setae. The posterior and anterior apophyses are almost equal in size, with similar length and width. The postvaginal plate is well developed, with a medial incision; the plate is often transverse (i.e. extended longitudinally across the segment). The antevaginal plate is also well developed, it is high and has a medial incision of different depth. The antrum is short, wide and weakly sclerotized. The ductus bursae is not long; it is membranous or very weakly sclerotized. The corpus bursae is globe-shaped with a single, claw-shaped signum at its equator.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Diagnosis of the group.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
<subSubSection id="42FFD0556540E36433ED066C59B4ED56" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9A5FB1F6182476D91BE40B0DBC4C1B92" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Diagnosis of the group.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3F2311E8C48A7B415162D283BDBE6AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
Valvae are without saccular lobes, except for
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. witti</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4BE887C88242B5BA0E9CEAE6137E9FCC" class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. witti" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="witti">
<emphasis id="FFE033EE81C8607230EC8B3EBE3433C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. witti</emphasis>
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. The aedeagus is truncated. The antemedial fascia with angle of curvature about 90°.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
<subSubSection id="CA2A435EB2C00BF93D5D376B24FF8518" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8D4C692A7760BB4C29ED2DB44E4A31DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D1FCCEFD0F8EA3118F34C7CEBA9D116C" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
The group occupies the southern area of the generic range and is known from northern India, Nepal, southern China, north-eastern Myanmar, Cambodia, and Vietnam (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3549" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 35 - 49. Preimaginal stages of A. chloralis: 35 - eggs; 36 - head of the caterpillars L 6; 37, 38 - L 1; 39, 40 - L 2; 41, 42 - L 3; 43 - L 4; 44, 45 - L 5; 46, 47 - L 6; 48 - L 7; 49 - pupa." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487827" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">39</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="ED11DAFE8C38780612098BC3775C5B37" captionStart="Figures 3549" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 35 - 49. Preimaginal stages of A. chloralis: 35 - eggs; 36 - head of the caterpillars L 6; 37, 38 - L 1; 39, 40 - L 2; 41, 42 - L 3; 43 - L 4; 44, 45 - L 5; 46, 47 - L 6; 48 - L 7; 49 - pupa." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487827" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">39</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3549" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 35 - 49. Preimaginal stages of A. chloralis: 35 - eggs; 36 - head of the caterpillars L 6; 37, 38 - L 1; 39, 40 - L 2; 41, 42 - L 3; 43 - L 4; 44, 45 - L 5; 46, 47 - L 6; 48 - L 7; 49 - pupa." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487827" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">40</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DFE0F5CED3AC00FFD2876025182F3EA1" captionStart="Figures 3549" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 35 - 49. Preimaginal stages of A. chloralis: 35 - eggs; 36 - head of the caterpillars L 6; 37, 38 - L 1; 39, 40 - L 2; 41, 42 - L 3; 43 - L 4; 44, 45 - L 5; 46, 47 - L 6; 48 - L 7; 49 - pupa." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487827" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">40</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="bionomics">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Bionomics.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
<subSubSection id="7DB1371DCE583FDE102816C848A84940" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="bionomics">
<paragraph id="8BBC55C417227B23E5348ECC99E71744" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Bionomics.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0BC38739551CB01FD7B43C70BA9B9352" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
Species of this group develop at least two generations per year which can be seasonally dimorphic with regard to size and pigment saturation. They are confined basically to mountainous relief, known from altitudes of from 500 to 3000 m, but were also found at the lower altitudes of coastal biotopes. The caterpillars are covered with long hairs which are situated in tufts on verrucae but do not form specific brushes. They resemble large
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" rank="tribe" tribe="Arctiini">Arctiini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4AF682B79D8BC6425BFE365CE65A5292" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" rank="tribe" tribe="Arctiini">Arctiini</taxonomicName>
caterpillars and feed on various deciduous trees and shrubs including members of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="A." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
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,
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,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="A." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Caprifoliaceae</taxonomicName>
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,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" genus="A." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CF3D0C89AEA5C7281FBEF0D03FD4DFE5" class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Malvaceae" genus="A." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CB97FD2C41F015C2AFEB6F20045F1E2E" class="Insecta" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Rosaceae" genus="A." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="54D647D471DE5B2D317205B76A4A8796" class="Insecta" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Rubiaceae" genus="A." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="043349B0B4E236F52A60EB51778CD557" class="Insecta" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Salicaceae" genus="A." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Salicaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="7C2AB7BADB165DB131F7201BBBB32BEE" class="Insecta" family="Salicaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Salicaceae</taxonomicName>
and
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<taxonomicName id="A94332293CE35B2E6097B82C1D0D73A1" class="Insecta" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
. The caterpillar stage lasts for 1 to 4-5 months. The pupa is enclosed in a thin, weak cocoon in the shelter of leaves, bark or on soil.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">The group includes 5 species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="21FF5C771C4F77BBCF1DD7892CF1F54C" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">The group includes 5 species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -1,548 +1,548 @@
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="166096066" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5837CAA1-020A-46D1-9168-E1881C232D9F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6870E7405A5651009774107EC7CA6B44" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="6870E740-5A56-5100-9774-107EC7CA6B44" authority="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chrysomallos" status="sp. nov.">Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos Grego &amp; Mumladze</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 16" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Plate 16. 1 - 6 Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos sp. nov., Samegrelo, Mukhuri, Kanti, Mapeli Spring 1 holotype 2 - 6 paratypes 7, 8 Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos sp. nov., Samegrelo, Mukhuri, Kanti, Mapeli Spring 9 Caucasogeyeria cf. gloeri, Samegrelo, Mukhuri, Mapeli Cave, paratype. The numbers correspond to individuals, and the letters represent the different views of the same individual. Photograph J. Grego." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.plate16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439182" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plates 16</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 14. A-C Caucasogeyeria ignidona sp. nov., Imereti, Kumistavi, Prometheus Cave D C. chrysomallos sp. nov., Kanti, Mapeli Spring, morphology of the penis. Photograph A. Falniowski and A. Rysiewska." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439181" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(1-8); 17(3); 18(1); Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
<treatment id="6870E7405A5651009774107EC7CA6B44" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166096066" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5837CAA1-020A-46D1-9168-E1881C232D9F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6870E7405A5651009774107EC7CA6B44" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Hydrobiidae" scope_phylum="Mollusca" scope_subFamily="Sadlerianinae" scope_superFamily="Truncatelloidea">
<subSubSection id="A31AAB282BDDB0BAF3ED0DC2EDED4F10" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AC8C1CD4953790A82AFA1A0F4CBF438A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="D5F552DC7EDAD7002AA806F205C86316" ID-CoL="7QL4N" LSID="6870E740-5A56-5100-9774-107EC7CA6B44" authority="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chrysomallos" status="sp. nov.">Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos Grego &amp; Mumladze</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C19C73A0D9ABD281F49D81E6414C4612" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="AF2875F04909BABE32894E59CE151B1E" captionStart="Plate 16" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Plate 16. 1 - 6 Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos sp. nov., Samegrelo, Mukhuri, Kanti, Mapeli Spring 1 holotype 2 - 6 paratypes 7, 8 Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos sp. nov., Samegrelo, Mukhuri, Kanti, Mapeli Spring 9 Caucasogeyeria cf. gloeri, Samegrelo, Mukhuri, Mapeli Cave, paratype. The numbers correspond to individuals, and the letters represent the different views of the same individual. Photograph J. Grego." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.plate16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439182" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plates 16</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="7A5752FCAE464829D85F4070BB13F2D9" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 14. A-C Caucasogeyeria ignidona sp. nov., Imereti, Kumistavi, Prometheus Cave D C. chrysomallos sp. nov., Kanti, Mapeli Spring, morphology of the penis. Photograph A. Falniowski and A. Rysiewska." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439181" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(1-8); 17(3); 18(1); Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="122DCFC60EB137EE9C43E71F7B475FE9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="22FD976D7CC1EB9766C6C5903304109C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D7CEA3ECDED0B7266A631509F57B3AD9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Georgia • Samegrelo, Kanti Village near Mukhuri, Mapeli Spring (სოფელი
<normalizedToken originalValue="კანტი">კანტი</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="3A2DDE77E64BAB29D3C1FD42709DDA24" originalValue="კანტი">კანტი</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="მაპელის">მაპელის</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="წყარო">წყარო</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B39AC3BB3DD67F76A39255464181F115" originalValue="მაპელის">მაპელის</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="058A065122D1A1247ED73A2E2654B398" originalValue="წყარო">წყარო</normalizedToken>
);
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="23" value="42.639725">42°38'23&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="3BDCE3014D73DB5553EFAEDAC18F3A7F" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="23" value="42.639725">42°38'23&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="08" value="42.16889">42°10'08&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="1148C3AAA9EF2B0C8B109EB65DDD1759" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="08" value="42.16889">42°10'08&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; 290 m a.s.l.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.plate18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439184" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Plate 18" startId="F32">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plate 18.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chrysomallos">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos</emphasis>
<caption id="567F7AF49B4AF02432E0FD845B095129" doi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.plate18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439184" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Plate 18" startId="F32">
<paragraph id="598F0B6E5041BE9F8E68A028C0CAE372" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="08417EB687749683CD6D11BC0CEB3038" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plate 18.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="07315D74D10B59C5F94A82D82CB195D4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CA913A9AD6FB809E1B10ABCE5B11E104" authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chrysomallos">
<emphasis id="10695440CFC6BE7DF6B4DD9134CF7BEB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., Samegrelo, Mukhuri, Kanti, Mapeli Spring, paratype SBMNH 635903
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria pseudocolchis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudocolchis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria pseudocolchis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="2B93592F789338941FF5614545AD88C4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BCA0691613DBFE1001FE9FE915D989AF" authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria pseudocolchis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudocolchis">
<emphasis id="EC039B893D6DAF989B12D56966EA0E31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria pseudocolchis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., Samegrelo, Mukhuri, Shisha Spring, paratype SBMNH 635902
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria gloeri" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gloeri">Caucasogeyeria cf. gloeri</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="384D849AFFC2BDBE8DABDFC69443DD04" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F40464BA5C6C468E3AD9B7C618D429E5" authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria gloeri" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gloeri">Caucasogeyeria cf. gloeri</taxonomicName>
, Samegrelo, Mukhuri, Mapeli Cave, paratype SBMNH 635901. Scale bars: 1 mm. SEM SBMNH Vanessa Delnavaz.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="E04A1A9EAE391A1471ECC901E3D6C2B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DE02177D4F380D87D57808103AB8D04F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="676C6C52386300A461690F04DC27FD60" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="7FAEB3772B0FEB94D89F9B1AB10BDD2C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
: Georgia • 1 adult, dry; type locality; 12 October 2019; J. Grego, L. Mumladze and G. Bananashvili leg.; ISU FM-T001-H.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1D78A6EE5126FE46D0437C18E48BFB1E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
: Georgia • same as for holotype; ISU FM-T001-P1/12 dry and 24 wet, SBMNH 633099/2 dry, NHMW 113365/1 dry, HNHM 104678/1 dry, NHMUK 20191334/2 dry, NHMB 563964/1 dry, SMF 358925/1 dry, NHMW 113365, ZMH 140630/1 dry, MNHN-IM-2016-7895, ZIN 1/507-2020/1 dry, coll. JG F1414/15 dry and 24 wet, coll.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A4D104BE8CA6C3AEBBB02102888405B6" originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
/1 dry. • same as for holotype; 10 May 2018; J. Grego, L. Mumladze and M.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Olšavský">Olsavsky</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="62F0A4766562A22E50A1784E59F36932" originalValue="Olšavský">Olsavsky</normalizedToken>
leg.; coll. JG F1041/2 dry.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material</emphasis>
<emphasis id="5C02059EBAA354E360BB791E80FD9B2F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material</emphasis>
: Georgia • Samegrelo, Mapeli Cave, Mukhuri, water catchment (above cemetery);
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="22" value="42.639446">42°38'22&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="346B63CAD2AC194CED073BB195A78C5C" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="22" value="42.639446">42°38'22&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="42.194168">42°11'39&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="F71391095B3735793994D937B72A67A8" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="42.194168">42°11'39&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; 325 m a.s.l.; 10 May 2018; J. Grego, L. Mumladze and M.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Olšavský">Olsavsky</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="76F5C0E9A1FFD617D9C09F818E81E3E4" originalValue="Olšavský">Olsavsky</normalizedToken>
leg.; coll. JG/3 dry.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="1B0E23FE5B184472E881ADEE7B325D69" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C15095753195CB8EECD8A81691F9EA6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="33741CFC2FFE9CFE91CC458A3D365486" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The new species differs from all congeners by its smaller more elongate-conical shell with more numerous whorls combined with a smaller umbilicus. The aperture sinuation shows similarity with
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gloeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gloeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gloeri</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="991C479497CA1A6C74C33E3612AD6CAE" lsidName="C. gloeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gloeri">
<emphasis id="381FC13F172483E791B7AF1050442C97" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gloeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., however, the latter has a larger, more robust and less elevated shell shape with the columellar sinuation.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria colchis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="colchis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria colchis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="417F7FDBB443467432E9F0890835E8BF" authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria colchis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="colchis">
<emphasis id="CCC213D73D2A48E4D68D8297BE5D7F11" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria colchis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. differs from new species by its larger size and more deeply sinuated labral margin. Measurement comparison of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B315144980C96701BFE541CFF907B680" authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C396A7C25BF280C832F6E76B415C8F89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species is given in Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="T8" captionText="Table 8. Measurement comparison of species from genus Caucasogeyeria gen. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9CCA906293F80800F9D00A1C34855C9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="9CCA906293F80800F9D00A1C34855C9A">8</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="89746BA028E9CB1C20EA974CB82B4375" captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="T8" captionText="Table 8. Measurement comparison of species from genus Caucasogeyeria gen. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9CCA906293F80800F9D00A1C34855C9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="9CCA906293F80800F9D00A1C34855C9A">8</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="9CCA906293F80800F9D00A1C34855C9A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9CCA906293F80800F9D00A1C34855C9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 8" startId="T8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 8.</emphasis>
<caption id="9CCA906293F80800F9D00A1C34855C9A" ID-Table-UUID="9CCA906293F80800F9D00A1C34855C9A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9CCA906293F80800F9D00A1C34855C9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 8" startId="T8">
<paragraph id="2614A2D444D335698A06B337AAA6F776" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="94EE8C9004355F205CBB3B341AA1D55F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 8.</emphasis>
Measurement comparison of species from genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="207D773452ED8E6498862C1396D12422" authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EB883F135A423911C235708DE57FCA9D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Genus species</emphasis>
<paragraph id="953780DAEC1E75715B9666C1502344C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<table id="EFDF93521B5C8C53DDD12E658248049D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<tr id="78108EE277BD899510C548B41BCC3A70" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<th id="7604869FFF985AD41CF4D4A03453741A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">
<emphasis id="8E322217874A3DA9087E22AD24EEC5E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Genus species</emphasis>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">H</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">W</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">BH</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">BW</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">AH</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">AW</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">CA</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">H/W</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">AH / AW</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">W / BW</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">H/BH</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">H/AH</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">W / AW</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">H/(W- BW)</th>
<th id="63E3F99A94004A954A23F2B32A8FCF82" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">H</th>
<th id="C076D58BD3B067C7407FE5A094A64978" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">W</th>
<th id="A36DC99DFC5BD778967132F3AF6A9CFB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">BH</th>
<th id="63694161DF2CDE358035C2C95A249338" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">BW</th>
<th id="8AA7CA515955E22C52D4D11D6F8816BD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">AH</th>
<th id="19CB02BA66CB9214BBEF4E66244EC32A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">AW</th>
<th id="A412D8333D433761EC0BE8CB0699A87E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">CA</th>
<th id="48312B95001454B559D3087A56EE389F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">H/W</th>
<th id="E18903894FDF16D260FE10F609B1CEF9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">AH / AW</th>
<th id="ED63B22AB319EB8BE3D9E850DE7EA348" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">W / BW</th>
<th id="8869B55796E8C75B42941CB0A0CA41E1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">H/BH</th>
<th id="9889A4AF71E43FB36FCEFFA4D39DD52D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">H/AH</th>
<th id="AFF9334664A6A528A619B608C066A511" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">W / AW</th>
<th id="760F269F8E4CB60646548A8D1F223270" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">H/(W- BW)</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">mm</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">mm</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">mm</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">mm</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">mm</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">mm</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">deg.</th>
<tr id="6B1427792D4B56F7B323C82E545D3E21" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<th id="AC587C678F32FCC891E901158FD7DBE5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">mm</th>
<th id="F61E115EC447176FB5FBEDC4ECC06B49" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">mm</th>
<th id="812FAA92061ADBE81EF8FF8212D8F17F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">mm</th>
<th id="8231C46DC2703F87DF895861BDF1D893" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">mm</th>
<th id="00FE6D60462DD4D175E21A58FF958990" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">mm</th>
<th id="76A059E016177F051BCAE64E04D3B06C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">mm</th>
<th id="20C68DD81D9F9ED6D815F30EA87639E0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">deg.</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Palatov" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria ignidona" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ignidona">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria ignidona</emphasis>
<tr id="41AB3A58FE027012A7C15B762023447D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="93E3D94CF278CD2BE9252275A1274F96" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="CE89404EE3C12B730CE3CDD66B8712F1" authorityName="Grego &amp; Palatov" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria ignidona" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ignidona">
<emphasis id="11832481F04272DD4FF2F286EFF4EBE3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria ignidona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
<emphasis id="EFEE390504EFD2FB8F117B10A3F5BED2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
LT
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.60</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.10</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.15</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.90</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.85</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.70</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">28</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.45</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.21</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.22</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.39</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.88</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.57</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">8.00</td>
<td id="7FF30981629192188CB1FD91C7D0BC52" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.60</td>
<td id="035443B50030BCBBEA0D04BC1450F22B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.10</td>
<td id="60B36025873B4D1A1AD382A649C32599" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.15</td>
<td id="0108E0A78862D0EB11EF3C628B70CA2D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.90</td>
<td id="2B57DD59E7AFA48BDF1C2A5035D16D4A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.85</td>
<td id="45429339B51D555189ED3C99C54A36A0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.70</td>
<td id="F2C9354E5148EEF037C5A96FC52E4735" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">28</td>
<td id="47C3B487501DBD3F266D51CC350199D7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.45</td>
<td id="3DF1CDC625A638C1C940D8C9D049C917" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.21</td>
<td id="6AAE70AF4B5B69C86318C0C92B65C826" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.22</td>
<td id="7F957D3736940B09CB71410FA6342D20" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.39</td>
<td id="79AFE9102B031A04A9758D81CB8B24BA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.88</td>
<td id="82F99963AE56509153E6F99FD2B58851" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.57</td>
<td id="7258A07E245A386CB109B7039E8FD8C2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">8.00</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria colchis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="colchis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria colchis</emphasis>
<tr id="86461A64E55B26A6E61BEEEDC3F411AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="6ECF9664F27B724361F19DA2D77A61E2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="CBB9B5DEA200461DE31288559843F509" authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria colchis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="colchis">
<emphasis id="FBB4D7284650A670D2BAE5AF80D3D73A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria colchis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
<emphasis id="28873F0E913B1F2C6C7B4757F727E924" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
LT
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.80</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.40</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.15</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.10</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.85</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.65</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">37</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.29</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.31</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.27</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.57</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.12</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.15</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6.00</td>
<td id="F05606B83D448D4A38CEE9A65245E8BA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.80</td>
<td id="E5E59B10CDFFA5E7DC7646FBA002E775" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.40</td>
<td id="04D5CC04570EDDF76985B88FCB6FE169" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.15</td>
<td id="43088FBD9736A0A6A43070C2647640BF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.10</td>
<td id="0E13DC9895D9B1EB7F92F148EE69F854" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.85</td>
<td id="6AC432868DB1EA3BEEBF7C542281C36F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.65</td>
<td id="5E5658E093B38D9B58E3EE9D614E766E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">37</td>
<td id="E9119131A336CD8963559F332C512D7C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.29</td>
<td id="42836293FAC8BA7A70DEB97AA751EFB1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.31</td>
<td id="378E2C86FF4B06E3299A04D0CF1C0E34" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.27</td>
<td id="82E5E37B2D4383089B2434B049C22035" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.57</td>
<td id="B8D1B46BFA7026090511AB4B728FFDE2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.12</td>
<td id="E73CD02FEC19CDF031D30FF88A3385A3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.15</td>
<td id="5B724A7E90B29DAD508439EEC1F04848" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6.00</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria colchis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="colchis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria colchis</emphasis>
<tr id="1709CBBE7DAF0542A052B7242EC571F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="5DDED015ECB10D99E268A6578FD566EA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="EBF104BEEBF894602352BD5B6589E830" authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria colchis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="colchis">
<emphasis id="6F275153156E76BA739FB2843997948C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria colchis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
<emphasis id="54D42B2D41ADEAB8B4F4986C391DA7F8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
Priveli Balda
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.35</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.30</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.95</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.90</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.75</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.55</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">31</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.04</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.36</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.44</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.42</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.80</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.36</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.38</td>
<td id="AB70A2A1FD3FA1FD9BDEA9BEB4DD4148" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.35</td>
<td id="C6C41C4EE28640C8B8D79A81C0F69901" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.30</td>
<td id="7EB07EB5E7E6ED537965F48DD408B61B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.95</td>
<td id="99CA9E1BC799D8332478C91A423A5F35" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.90</td>
<td id="60C7AFB4919E00F7ECBAF082A657DF9F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.75</td>
<td id="177EC313FBE671271858D91D768460D4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.55</td>
<td id="384AF35336FCD62FD61F033E8AC98E96" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">31</td>
<td id="56DC0499EF7D37DBA4373F99220024F2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.04</td>
<td id="5FD54DE40EFDC669C0E5649E3FD2D8CF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.36</td>
<td id="82B82247C14A606BF9FA769714DEC4DF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.44</td>
<td id="73FF68023D237DF453FB2D86803A2610" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.42</td>
<td id="DD75AF28D1C5A3BD6E175B229FDABBD5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.80</td>
<td id="C311E4A6C4FB5E573C78F263D39D91DB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.36</td>
<td id="5AFBB1F49F820A81AE8959808CF8520D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.38</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria colchis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="colchis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria colchis</emphasis>
<tr id="577CB4BC9FFB5D3B1B353E5CC3947F00" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="E9F2FD372EAAB340D9465CA4ED542016" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="C548246B7C5580875B34B5C84D24678A" authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria colchis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="colchis">
<emphasis id="D61DAD2156D0ACE23E5E843FE67E7A06" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria colchis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
<emphasis id="31579B57BE2D548662FF14913EB43AAB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
Nakriduri 2 spring
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.60</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.20</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.05</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.90</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.75</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.60</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">30</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.33</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.25</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.33</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.52</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.13</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.00</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.33</td>
<td id="F4EA8AAB73A3FC50E07FCDC46E55C7DA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.60</td>
<td id="F4A5BB1D3325F685860C16D484AB3338" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.20</td>
<td id="41998CC27CD1585A0A6ACA1F2D6EFE06" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.05</td>
<td id="066C24516720A15147F96C699BF8DC1E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.90</td>
<td id="B847F5CBCD8B38D422350037AA60BEF2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.75</td>
<td id="1F105DA2A6CCB2B4940E818E98180B9C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.60</td>
<td id="CF020E0868199144D0334065018B246A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">30</td>
<td id="1DEA614AE4F6991E90CD0F59987F5F7F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.33</td>
<td id="D6B01564AD898FB3305AA3619B415D58" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.25</td>
<td id="EDE3903E878F6B2FE99F909406D9735C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.33</td>
<td id="42718F3540498F69A8D5075006C387C7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.52</td>
<td id="05D10FD4C019B0D12C93D43C32FC4D95" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.13</td>
<td id="BF3852FEFA9C5BA8D11F2D04C3594835" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.00</td>
<td id="FD9D16D4106FEAE5451582C3FD706038" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.33</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria pseudocolchis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudocolchis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria pseudocolchis</emphasis>
<tr id="B4B6871DB9FDEF9192A0EA77C8941B37" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="F125EF08DCF8A68E5CADAAFF81A4BAAD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="A9ECB03B2D3F2900AAC7ABCEF0C2493E" authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria pseudocolchis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudocolchis">
<emphasis id="0880EA7500622007EBD02770DEB29E77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria pseudocolchis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
<emphasis id="418D7F694940F53654C9738FFD4172E4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
Shisha Spring
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.45</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.15</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.25</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.95</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.70</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.60</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">28</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.26</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.17</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.21</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.16</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.07</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.92</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7.25</td>
<td id="66BC2EF2B7080AA3FD432D8AFE980A26" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.45</td>
<td id="9794B57AB7DB8F117E3380263B0A4030" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.15</td>
<td id="EBA9FD5DD1FAB35A89F8A8FB5AD166B7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.25</td>
<td id="939BAFA23182BA267A6957EAE6295B39" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.95</td>
<td id="0A4C2EC1896B89A396791E3BB71F7BAD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.70</td>
<td id="E557615AE5A6CFEA8E33ACC5A3054C38" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.60</td>
<td id="241B0EBD3AF567036F98978D10531078" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">28</td>
<td id="B4EB227EB37B8ACE7300DCB743FC9440" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.26</td>
<td id="883FE76CF102C04361F39BD9CF6E40EA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.17</td>
<td id="F1E72DA2C07502BD07AF41E4AEC66584" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.21</td>
<td id="48A05A970422E95C0ED0ED4154FB4989" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.16</td>
<td id="AC979558ECAAFBA6EBC4F4E419FA3AEF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.07</td>
<td id="9DAB9C53F2C059EAF8044C5E3D0149B0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.92</td>
<td id="92895566661B331FAE3AF63DF3B1CC17" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7.25</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria pseudocolchis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudocolchis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria pseudocolchis</emphasis>
<tr id="11E3D410D0383F380BDAD53ECC9E1889" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="E76464F6DBDB9A1E78C3F41C02591A7D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="92F7EEB61224A7BC609A2131909D9525" authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria pseudocolchis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudocolchis">
<emphasis id="EE302925EC58E8E139FCCB0D3A4389DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria pseudocolchis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
<emphasis id="12072B840D99A10AEF5682BFB40C65C6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
Shisha Spring
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.55</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.20</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.10</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.95</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.76</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.57</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">24</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.29</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.33</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.26</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.41</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.04</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.11</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6.20</td>
<td id="B3B2DF8CA1807A516A33D44F099788A9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.55</td>
<td id="31081C112D6284058B49297EF6E3F3C4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.20</td>
<td id="89BD4E1941B758702886B95A5A57FFFF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.10</td>
<td id="151249B32AD7F79DE3F0752AA0225379" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.95</td>
<td id="39508FB28F1DB4A3758081DD2CA4D404" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.76</td>
<td id="88B8E6088FF34494DB343C41A2F387BB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.57</td>
<td id="F08DE8EDE9ABBA57131B66D31F71689B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">24</td>
<td id="E6F5163E6846A7E007386F2EBCBD312B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.29</td>
<td id="8CD3D7AEE98F72809F81B0687F831196" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.33</td>
<td id="88E23BCE0F292553826136E113DE0DD1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.26</td>
<td id="F9AA60F8B573B1EDE871D1509D647E9B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.41</td>
<td id="3C2010A13E609CDF0C602A1C3909D088" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.04</td>
<td id="6CFAACACC1AE88B32C303B47B66E2556" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.11</td>
<td id="7B165BAC3E16EF68C546AE737C49ED3F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6.20</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chrysomallos">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos</emphasis>
<tr id="59805440F9579FA9B0F8A1D28201E70B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="5FE642FA5746402B0B90DA02C6A73710" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="8B2E803AE9839FBC46486AD169716D23" authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chrysomallos">
<emphasis id="308F0968923B30FE5BEFA029B3DD6E6D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
<emphasis id="99C0941620813B19E1FED99D914ACDD1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
LT
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.93</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.21</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.21</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.07</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.84</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.65</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">30</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.60</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.29</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.13</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.60</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.31</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.86</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">13.83</td>
<td id="F2E19990AAD5FD2E186D485D622A3452" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.93</td>
<td id="E0C3958397357B1CDDD7F7E7A33ECFE6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.21</td>
<td id="B65F2A09118F4BD31F9F9F59B0B1E7E1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.21</td>
<td id="BA6A815055F442A87BEA469E30EE01DB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.07</td>
<td id="5655E36A93ECD3D21310C6D12EE4BE37" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.84</td>
<td id="9742EAAB16C234D93967AE91A9035F2E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.65</td>
<td id="02C2C902A5E94A65165D792F583C6977" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">30</td>
<td id="696E33FD92D86A332A011F1CD888D6E9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.60</td>
<td id="D1ADD85574055529E68CC5054AAA44AC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.29</td>
<td id="CD3CA93D1ED892BA077CB684FD405FD4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.13</td>
<td id="8C41FACB0CC584231443E85AA95B9484" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.60</td>
<td id="C9041A3AF9E11B2788C4F585551CACEF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.31</td>
<td id="37A401D7359E1D5B71F8E9BAFD259ED3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.86</td>
<td id="7D46D9DAD08D422AE9883312BBD63F46" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">13.83</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="7">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chrysomallos">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos</emphasis>
<tr id="D2A432898C45470FBF35C3EC4396F5F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="5E0D474934D24AC9CB56C55127B5D217" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="7">
<taxonomicName id="CEA0461D0BBE38C9D93D94BC166E5E50" authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasogeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chrysomallos">
<emphasis id="0116259CD5595D73D9D039669DA194F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasogeyeria chrysomallos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
<emphasis id="6D954F9C71D9AA95DFAD58FD7F0A2945" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
LT
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.86</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.21</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.16</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.98</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.79</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.65</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">28</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.54</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.21</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.24</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.60</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.35</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.86</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">8.00</td>
<td id="F610DDFED92770EB047CAB38FEBADB3B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.86</td>
<td id="67D0FD16A4E0D18CA1A06D346C948D96" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.21</td>
<td id="AC2AC2FE5BA6F752FF5D7E58A2DEDC14" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.16</td>
<td id="54FE394AF4AAF23BFAF2FDB704F155E9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.98</td>
<td id="E7B31A418D8F6B0D8A47848119BC70E4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.79</td>
<td id="B4F349D3BF8900600C4F42910FF92AB3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.65</td>
<td id="1C283107C61BCCD4E452A488E27ED9AA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">28</td>
<td id="2A078DB9D41D136FB28409E2618DBFA5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.54</td>
<td id="59C8DBDF25E4F45598B298DC7C03EAD8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.21</td>
<td id="E0D738B399B7595C5DDB6D38C1C4D1B0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.24</td>
<td id="5510837AD9E5FF30EFFB361C3ECAE019" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.60</td>
<td id="ADD28ACA6E309D04B778D6A37CBEDDCC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.35</td>
<td id="988B48705C5FB2076BD9C3E4AEEFAE6D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.86</td>
<td id="D97C897C5A1F6D1F9DC1AA78CB196DA7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">8.00</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.77</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.23</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.98</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.95</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.74</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.63</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">33</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.43</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.19</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.29</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.81</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.38</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.96</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6.33</td>
<tr id="F9D8E2F7F49E7899F65F5CCB97555295" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="D4817F517C6D30D040C32AC8840E1715" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.77</td>
<td id="AB012394F6A5F200ADCC8A957EF3D8DB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.23</td>
<td id="4C88C6DECE56B6C5679E698DCA2A8B64" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.98</td>
<td id="810A39B983BD35F675D8939749441B23" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.95</td>
<td id="5AC6A64520CA0BE727F35E8CA3B55377" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.74</td>
<td id="48CE255DCCE94034B7862E5512D87258" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.63</td>
<td id="C55D4020742FA6A7985A75E6AFB415BE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">33</td>
<td id="4316F884183C2EE2F87E904D9B11D82F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.43</td>
<td id="8C75DEE70B8E33D446D92C6568978300" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.19</td>
<td id="2102CDBC0A12412132DF0CFCCBFC3632" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.29</td>
<td id="3C261FC7DC1E92117C5F8E72A58346F3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.81</td>
<td id="19A5988FF334C2A116A1BA143150DF2C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.38</td>
<td id="BC17C1EC3A34C8D39642AECC4B4999B1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.96</td>
<td id="F1F234E724D651509D78CDE36F966FE5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6.33</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.77</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.16</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.07</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.93</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.74</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.60</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">29</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.52</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.23</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.25</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.65</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.38</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.92</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7.60</td>
<tr id="95EE1F42E49A07FDFEC669E75DF64EFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="0FE75A6A8B822A1D9A36ACF60C6E942B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.77</td>
<td id="EB7B93A7CF48FD0B8DA20B07E4138058" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.16</td>
<td id="F20158C411E169CA2CB5DBE918FA6D3C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.07</td>
<td id="95AE57924E800AD0598EA80D4C7F2EF3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.93</td>
<td id="A3ECC1ED8C6A6EDD43494A6B8F739674" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.74</td>
<td id="25499332834F30CB43CE48F547F27A6B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.60</td>
<td id="097D67562EF6C99592AAAC7E74D80563" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">29</td>
<td id="BE61AEF72A73AF0EC6CB300B4725495F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.52</td>
<td id="18EF4F1ECD366702AD71D6E00FC84222" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.23</td>
<td id="0794269B2EA4B3BDD0A7D7D40E9880DC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.25</td>
<td id="5D6586236710E42B240E53B0C57EB509" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.65</td>
<td id="A61463969F409F19B2DA7BAB11062797" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.38</td>
<td id="5AACF41EC1DB3641D643A4446DF106BA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.92</td>
<td id="FF6A640CEC5DAB276FD0400F817011FD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7.60</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.67</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.16</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.05</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.93</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.72</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.60</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">33</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.44</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.19</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.25</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.60</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.32</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.92</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7.20</td>
<tr id="AB4696A00F8414F7DF2DE533301ACF74" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="39FE3327893F03E8EF8F4FAA4DDAF41B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.67</td>
<td id="F1B2C811E498D3DAC4C1C992375812C9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.16</td>
<td id="B56977F3562E9D23E45D820773A0F652" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.05</td>
<td id="F604779BFE2797CFD3DB2269D300449D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.93</td>
<td id="73879F9D72B552C5686C60FF5E7529E9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.72</td>
<td id="88B3770A989B1595D1CC6757D10AD47D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.60</td>
<td id="2B4E6832594520D79D89A1DB43087A6C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">33</td>
<td id="03B343A45868466A6C66F56F24E77C4B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.44</td>
<td id="FE66D0CF65378002D7D06725A647F8DF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.19</td>
<td id="82D6EEF105A2BFB91198F9432B78CF3B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.25</td>
<td id="0A8BB442243433B01C64E034824A9DC9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.60</td>
<td id="2C650C799B799AE0178539271D2CC62A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.32</td>
<td id="4FAB9324140816B6FD2A1B65B9E0DF0E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.92</td>
<td id="230BC9736C9B1A0B5E1F34AB7F3D463F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7.20</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.77</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.14</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.98</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.88</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.79</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.60</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">28</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.55</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.31</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.29</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.81</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.24</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.88</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6.91</td>
<tr id="A3D35262ADCDB39C1A89200FCBC5B6A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="F9FC936E5D70771FD34E4E40A517DEEB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.77</td>
<td id="ADD4F33DDF83B575D42BA522F673F715" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.14</td>
<td id="C45EF2E6754989C18290F41992DD3C32" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.98</td>
<td id="1FB489BE55077E48F1CAF9853D9D0AD9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.88</td>
<td id="18FF7ED6476531671926FD40D2190A55" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.79</td>
<td id="A9DFF69C3174700F4CF7F32002527B81" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.60</td>
<td id="A3440E37F4E3B08307C1AFD5098847C4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">28</td>
<td id="601F299A19DFB551C4EAF9991EB9DDB9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.55</td>
<td id="1A688C73C89765C3AAB3259069114269" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.31</td>
<td id="8959F153B2809642055981CFB67AFF1F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.29</td>
<td id="B7F215D2ADBB906021A4036B3ADCBD48" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.81</td>
<td id="13059D7FEF3AA786E9498EFD2CC772E6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.24</td>
<td id="867940D702900C86BFCEB9852A8DFB73" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.88</td>
<td id="2177F8AAD8865F7C82F10E98F10CDA5A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6.91</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.40</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.23</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.98</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.98</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.70</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.65</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">30</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.13</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.07</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.26</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.43</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.00</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.89</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.45</td>
<tr id="21ABB98E87D934CB3DB7C03A13A7AD4E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="75E05E5FA5C7DF21119623E0133D862C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.40</td>
<td id="C08E93D66E4255C11576876B680CFD2C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.23</td>
<td id="A31FF2C84DFDFB8E6E6DB823D0D24D96" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.98</td>
<td id="A315F995C2A26093B2760CFC7FA8383B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.98</td>
<td id="4A4A40C2EFE1D4FCB985E4B58B5BB85A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.70</td>
<td id="3BEC19EABA2DC9BF5DC04F8B623ED0CC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.65</td>
<td id="D802C363B25D886B4FB30BA0D9C3D888" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">30</td>
<td id="AF8C7E4D9F7AC0DE0FCC1250DC53B6E4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.13</td>
<td id="7B8C1FF4FE71C8D1527FB400A52E7122" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.07</td>
<td id="81962AA3617F2E8190CDA73BF04A442B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.26</td>
<td id="50A91564337A6CE24B1A7F1882834691" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.43</td>
<td id="896F2D47056225239089B442F4923829" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.00</td>
<td id="F534662836D33E6FB152CB1DB991B5EB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.89</td>
<td id="871F840B7C37B2329EB628E2F00C81D8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.45</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.58</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.14</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.02</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.93</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.74</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.56</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">28</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.39</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.33</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.23</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.55</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.13</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.04</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7.56</td>
<tr id="038841937FEB98535F95D8AFAAE5F015" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="F1777B249D9F3C242CD0D8D90586D38C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.58</td>
<td id="2AA2F1A581B09FF93CE6880D853175AF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.14</td>
<td id="D679EB134847DAA802827109FF5D3E30" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.02</td>
<td id="DD10D2439269276FA5EB02F47B6DB0DB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.93</td>
<td id="E705FA7FE95755E7CD89BB9E4C4A50D0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.74</td>
<td id="CF9ED6F1B2EA851A5DEDE83DEC8BC9D5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.56</td>
<td id="06CA48FEEBB6B9DAB61A685DFE4B797F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">28</td>
<td id="C0C523F8D634EDEE10E8CE252DD41362" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.39</td>
<td id="F979A7DBD03AAAB320D5CE289CB5A48E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.33</td>
<td id="41E87FFC8A751F45AF973052E8F1AC0C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.23</td>
<td id="063EC5C9EFBFE75A07345ABEDA655715" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.55</td>
<td id="7B49A314247065492E8B1E813E88313C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.13</td>
<td id="AA7E728B281BA7048F81A5A4811CC1D2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.04</td>
<td id="23CBA846CE414AEC714140F31E8DA120" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7.56</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="B4D65F95F4F8BED1CD4D5B4A22F8895E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="257226811A8E807A6A3E0789872CC86A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6160829AB599BC8CD3747561631540B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="A7ADB60BFD16C5BAB92B18929B5FD8DC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell</emphasis>
: elongate conical with five tumid whorls, a semi-deep suture, a blunt apex and a narrow umbilicus. Height 1.40-1.93 mm. Shell surface smooth, covered by a milky white periostracum, frequently overlaid by thick dark brown-black inorganic precipitate. The expanded aperture irregularly pear shaped. Labral margin with a weak but broad negative sinuation near the body whorl junction, followed by a characteristic inward curved but shallow labral fold. Columellar margin is straight, not sinuated. Protoconch surface regularly pitted, pitting fading out at the nucleus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Operculum</emphasis>
<paragraph id="785DE75A49A7E4AB50005452C21F05B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="6F5FBBB825BE3829AF2496563D3659EF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Operculum</emphasis>
: light yellow, paucispiral with central nucleus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Animal body</emphasis>
<paragraph id="309B08EDC1DA088DB1E52ABB58011D00" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="927D9595BEE206FC50A1FCC8F6FB8403" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Animal body</emphasis>
: without eye spots, not pigmented, whitish translucent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype measurements</emphasis>
<paragraph id="CC0912A413884DEEDE46F1474CF2186E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="56616C2DB29BFEDA63AEBE5EC01DA1BA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype measurements</emphasis>
: H-1.93 mm; W-1.21 mm; BH-1.21 mm; BW-1.07 mm; AH-0.84 mm; AW-0.65 mm; CA: 30°.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anatomy</emphasis>
<paragraph id="F8519E8D950D03D69608746582E09A4B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="F801BC183CEC2AD4709C8A55A4015B65" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anatomy</emphasis>
: penis (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 14. A-C Caucasogeyeria ignidona sp. nov., Imereti, Kumistavi, Prometheus Cave D C. chrysomallos sp. nov., Kanti, Mapeli Spring, morphology of the penis. Photograph A. Falniowski and A. Rysiewska." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439181" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="464F1349BDEA5F7FFDDA5B79D907451A" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 14. A-C Caucasogeyeria ignidona sp. nov., Imereti, Kumistavi, Prometheus Cave D C. chrysomallos sp. nov., Kanti, Mapeli Spring, morphology of the penis. Photograph A. Falniowski and A. Rysiewska." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439181" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14D</figureCitation>
) straight, simple, without any outgrowth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="BC5CAA0FDD18014C91F119A07673D48F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4B1B3D9D69A665509FDB58E223E8C9F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C761707AE259699FC717B0B6951571C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Name derived from the Greek name
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coenen &amp; Gibeaux" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Chrysomallos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysomallos" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chrysomallos</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E959530A5BCF8E975CE64A7094C419AA" authorityName="Coenen &amp; Gibeaux" authorityYear="2014" genus="Chrysomallos" lsidName="Chrysomallos" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="333EE4F077BA2127F7CAF76DA625C487" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chrysomallos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, meaning Golden Fleece (symbol of authority and monarchy), which, according to Greek mythology, was held in Colchis. Jason and his crew of Argonauts were sent out on a quest for the Golden Fleece by order of King Pelias.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stygobiotic species. Live individuals as well as empty shells were washed out from its subterranean habitat through a small spring in Mapeli emerging near the road in village Kanti. The dense brown-black deposits on most of individuals indicates a subterranean habitat with chemolithotrophic bacteria. The second known population was found in the sediments of a subterranean cave stream inside Mapeli Cave, ca. 30 m from its entrance</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C765FB46FB195280241B359F600572F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="2F059CA957743651B6AD2017E50D6FF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F60F2A18F3D5791B26D3D439D2D2229F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stygobiotic species. Live individuals as well as empty shells were washed out from its subterranean habitat through a small spring in Mapeli emerging near the road in village Kanti. The dense brown-black deposits on most of individuals indicates a subterranean habitat with chemolithotrophic bacteria. The second known population was found in the sediments of a subterranean cave stream inside Mapeli Cave, ca. 30 m from its entrance</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Only known from the type locality and from Mapeli Cave.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="CF4ADD10496BA3624165C50C8C84BAD7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="49073ACBE3FAF35E31411650BB1003C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="51DB69A6FF4130B04539F400561D3E40" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Only known from the type locality and from Mapeli Cave.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The number of known locations (2) is no more than 5 and EOO is smaller than 20 km2. There is no reason to suppose that AOO, EOO, number of locations, number of subpopulations or the number or mature individuals are declining however due to its extremely small EOO we assessed as Vulnerable (VU) D2.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C2208DEFB705D64429DEE8481E2927B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="F9936010465C2F5009AA568AEC9B6029" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="788CC138051EE9B72227C92E54C25B51" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The number of known locations (2) is no more than 5 and EOO is smaller than 20 km2. There is no reason to suppose that AOO, EOO, number of locations, number of subpopulations or the number or mature individuals are declining however due to its extremely small EOO we assessed as Vulnerable (VU) D2.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The population in Mapeli Cave is typical but has a lower spire and fewer whorls. Its taxonomic position will be clarified after the collection of live individuals.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="FCBACEF20C9FED47C11BEF46AEFEE979" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="1163D950AF11FC8348D8FE5BCDA42F02" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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• Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (
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<mods:title id="31685D28E0A507F5911190DB2368E3CC">Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2021-01-05</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223389" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68A2C9A0AE0859548FA9A815CA9043B8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68A2C9A0AE0859548FA9A815CA9043B8" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName LSID="68A2C9A0-AE08-5954-8FA9-A815CA9043B8" authority="Massa, 2013" authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Poreuomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poreuomena huxleyi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huxleyi">Poreuomena huxleyi Massa, 2013</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6264" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 62 - 64. Morphological details of male Poreuomena huxleyi. Habitus (62), lateral view on apex (63), stridulatory area (64)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60193.figures62-64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/499191" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figs 62-64</figureCitation>
<treatment id="68A2C9A0AE0859548FA9A815CA9043B8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223389" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68A2C9A0AE0859548FA9A815CA9043B8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68A2C9A0AE0859548FA9A815CA9043B8" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" scope_family="Tettigoniidae" scope_order="Orthoptera" scope_subFamily="Phaneropterinae" scope_tribe="Poreuomenini">
<subSubSection id="10C861FFB1BED897DA37D4A54338AB7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DBEABFB6B79D965CDCF5015227CBDC81" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="3B33FAE9DFFCCFC8226897FB2784521B" ID-CoL="4LWTZ" LSID="68A2C9A0-AE08-5954-8FA9-A815CA9043B8" authority="Massa, 2013" authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Poreuomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poreuomena huxleyi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huxleyi">Poreuomena huxleyi Massa, 2013</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="3AC92A8C75E28FA2EAE2B2BAEED17CA7" captionStart="Figures 6264" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 62 - 64. Morphological details of male Poreuomena huxleyi. Habitus (62), lateral view on apex (63), stridulatory area (64)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60193.figures62-64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/499191" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figs 62-64</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Poreuomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poreuomena huxleyi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huxleyi">Poreuomena huxleyi</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="4F1C078AD806F97A10F4A72AC511877F" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="2879C2EC70245C48DA74BC89B2AB3DD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="3751BD650C544C37BB3E3EF38A189706" authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Poreuomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poreuomena huxleyi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huxleyi">Poreuomena huxleyi</taxonomicName>
Massa, 2013. J. Orth. Res. 22: 140; type locality: Equatorial Guinea, Fernando Poo, Santa Isabel (MNCN).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Equatorial Guinea" location="Bioko" municipality="Santa Isabel" specimenCount="♂" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<collectingCountry name="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
<subSubSection id="0162DDA93CE376FB4B252F410DD80559" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="177C1EA287CC581CFF4526A40D1EAEBB" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="197DB6AEA1984DD50828109C2A129570" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<materialsCitation id="CFBA7CAAF2E6FFD67C672B314ABEA69D" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Equatorial Guinea" location="Bioko" municipality="Santa Isabel" specimenCount="♂" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="352D70A9F63579DD0DAA9ED2C2C7551E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<collectingCountry id="2C679E8F4BAE2DDEF366D25BB6703AF9" name="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68A2C9A0AE0859548FA9A815CA9043B8:0467DD556119992BF97DF19DCE6CE32C" country="Equatorial Guinea" municipality="Santa Isabel" name="Bioko">Bioko</location>
<location id="0467DD556119992BF97DF19DCE6CE32C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68A2C9A0AE0859548FA9A815CA9043B8:0467DD556119992BF97DF19DCE6CE32C" country="Equatorial Guinea" municipality="Santa Isabel" name="Bioko">Bioko</location>
(Fernando Poo),
<collectingMunicipality>Santa Isabel</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingMunicipality id="0A4C97849D6B21C3EC53F9D1B1ABAB1E">Santa Isabel</collectingMunicipality>
(
<specimenCount></specimenCount>
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="403AC484976EE2AC3F26DAB55B874B19"></specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="8ADFD5908210C02277D42B453316C859">holotype</typeStatus>
) (MCNM)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Cameroon" county="Malabo" location="Gulf" municipality="Santa Isabel" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
<materialsCitation id="C7636F7A89F170ADFD4C339BAAFF9848" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Cameroon" county="Malabo" location="Gulf" municipality="Santa Isabel" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="DAEB3F434E521ED663F86FAD2D731FF8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<collectingCountry id="30A52083BAFA5A0E9DB9D14617C86A3A" name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68A2C9A0AE0859548FA9A815CA9043B8:5D3180CF9A5A212FC11D3609458A6F1E" country="Cameroon" county="Malabo" municipality="Santa Isabel" name="Gulf">Gulf</location>
<location id="5D3180CF9A5A212FC11D3609458A6F1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68A2C9A0AE0859548FA9A815CA9043B8:5D3180CF9A5A212FC11D3609458A6F1E" country="Cameroon" county="Malabo" municipality="Santa Isabel" name="Gulf">Gulf</location>
of Guinea
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68A2C9A0AE0859548FA9A815CA9043B8:DB0588FD558E84D7BF789001D1873419" country="Cameroon" county="Malabo" municipality="Santa Isabel" name="Is">Is</location>
<location id="DB0588FD558E84D7BF789001D1873419" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68A2C9A0AE0859548FA9A815CA9043B8:DB0588FD558E84D7BF789001D1873419" country="Cameroon" county="Malabo" municipality="Santa Isabel" name="Is">Is</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68A2C9A0AE0859548FA9A815CA9043B8:4E25333C2BACAE4B553D44EAF7C1A1EE" country="Cameroon" county="Malabo" municipality="Santa Isabel" name="Bioko">Bioko</location>
<location id="4E25333C2BACAE4B553D44EAF7C1A1EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68A2C9A0AE0859548FA9A815CA9043B8:4E25333C2BACAE4B553D44EAF7C1A1EE" country="Cameroon" county="Malabo" municipality="Santa Isabel" name="Bioko">Bioko</location>
(
<collectingCountry name="Equatorial Guinea">Fernando Poo</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="A6BCD86EA2E2EAD92EA4DF9A740D5829" name="Equatorial Guinea">Fernando Poo</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingMunicipality>Santa Isabel</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingMunicipality id="52E45978F0EAC34E6356665F023FE30E">Santa Isabel</collectingMunicipality>
(
<collectingCounty>Malabo</collectingCounty>
<collectingCounty id="E26567B4369967F03534DCF2B559B471">Malabo</collectingCounty>
) (
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="B2081E747A77BD724EEE385FE55F0CC8" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
) (NHMW)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<subSubSection id="6C85E900A6294F7917921BB57BF5A30B" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="185BA6FF2816CBC5E4476D0283D66FA5" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8421E135CC7E7DDF3CAD7045684A52A" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
This species is easy to recognise by the short apical lobes on the 10th tergite of the male and cerci clearly upcurved and with a lateral spine. The most closely-related species is
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="P." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. africana" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">P. africana</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8A35F95BEF2E8913828E30C5C4A865D5" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. africana" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="47D9C0EA58FD715480A21FFB300E03CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">P. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which, however, has much longer lobes of the 10th abdominal tergite and more robust cerci.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<subSubSection id="2CED2C922BCB9D76D904032ADEE55D99" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="B57CAAE1B7F2E40CB7C064FC99E6A4D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="22993F3162822243F306B0556E783E7A" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Typical
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Poreuomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poreuomena" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Poreuomena</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A5DD24030B400AE683410AB93B354F87" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Poreuomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poreuomena" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81988CA724DFD96F751EDD7E82BC8344" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Poreuomena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with narrow tegmina surpassed by the alae by a few mm (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6264" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 62 - 64. Morphological details of male Poreuomena huxleyi. Habitus (62), lateral view on apex (63), stridulatory area (64)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60193.figures62-64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/499191" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">62</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E4DF4DA3C6893F29FCB3BAE9B970A659" captionStart="Figures 6264" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 62 - 64. Morphological details of male Poreuomena huxleyi. Habitus (62), lateral view on apex (63), stridulatory area (64)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60193.figures62-64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/499191" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">62</figureCitation>
). Stridulatory area marked brown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6264" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 62 - 64. Morphological details of male Poreuomena huxleyi. Habitus (62), lateral view on apex (63), stridulatory area (64)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60193.figures62-64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/499191" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">64</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="98EF8E3A16DD2BFF6510F06B1B4ECAB6" captionStart="Figures 6264" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 62 - 64. Morphological details of male Poreuomena huxleyi. Habitus (62), lateral view on apex (63), stridulatory area (64)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60193.figures62-64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/499191" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">64</figureCitation>
). Two spines are present on the ventral margin of the hind femora. The apical lobes of the 10th tergite are short and square, separated widely (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6264" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 62 - 64. Morphological details of male Poreuomena huxleyi. Habitus (62), lateral view on apex (63), stridulatory area (64)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60193.figures62-64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/499191" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">63</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="4B4054E1D5C0160BE6D0814B64A994DB" captionStart="Figures 6264" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 62 - 64. Morphological details of male Poreuomena huxleyi. Habitus (62), lateral view on apex (63), stridulatory area (64)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60193.figures62-64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/499191" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">63</figureCitation>
); the cerci are in- and downcurved, dorso-ventrally flattened in the apical portion where a lateral spine is present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="colour">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Colour.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="P." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. huxleyi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huxleyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">P. huxleyi</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="6668B88991BA7B787B5A988792CB2683" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="colour">
<paragraph id="049A1798884A5AC5E0478A04A49C45F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Colour.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6AFCF31C2A69F98368741141B3D4E103" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="8B5F543F2A1E5C15303C85FFA4BF04D2" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. huxleyi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huxleyi">
<emphasis id="598379B670CEE126208DD25758B50AAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">P. huxleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is brownish coloured, with green tegmina and hind tibiae; a black marking is typical at the base of the tegmina and some small black spots on the posterior margin of the tegmina.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon.</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4435466" doi="10.3897/dez.68.60193.figures62-64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/499191" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figures 6264" startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figures 62-64.</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="38DBA7FBFF51BA6CD7CD6ECE0AFB1DAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="23F5ADE06103101AB5EFD1B3AC1C677B" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="119EE69F005171A06A227BBD730AF00F" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon.</paragraph>
<caption id="E6356B2460D4971C046D4EC556AB9CCE" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4435466" doi="10.3897/dez.68.60193.figures62-64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/499191" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figures 6264" startId="F12">
<paragraph id="253418684BCF6071BBF58BA09D17E0F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="00BB828C98BF99ADE854931D894DAF39" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figures 62-64.</emphasis>
Morphological details of male
<taxonomicName authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Poreuomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poreuomena huxleyi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huxleyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Poreuomena huxleyi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B20B10E80FF3127E23A8CC9449CFFF44" authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Poreuomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poreuomena huxleyi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huxleyi">
<emphasis id="193DB29BA5C0A1675BE82C305D46EC6B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Poreuomena huxleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Habitus (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">62</emphasis>
<emphasis id="66E5380137BCF9294CB99A2EAA6E13A7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">62</emphasis>
), lateral view on apex (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">63</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0F54BB751F3F83797C9C9E1BB7B85FCF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">63</emphasis>
), stridulatory area (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">64</emphasis>
<emphasis id="22F0690EC4D0E89F6B5EB2474424BA11" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">64</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68B616974DD956C59D7D9AEC4B97CB5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68B616974DD956C59D7D9AEC4B97CB5B" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName LSID="68B61697-4DD9-56C5-9D7D-9AEC4B97CB5B" authority="Lobban &amp; Ashworth" authorityName="Lobban &amp; Ashworth" authorityYear="2022" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia elegantissima" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegantissima" status="sp. nov.">Climacosphenia elegantissima Lobban &amp; Ashworth</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="103">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<treatment id="68B616974DD956C59D7D9AEC4B97CB5B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="200923521" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68B616974DD956C59D7D9AEC4B97CB5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68B616974DD956C59D7D9AEC4B97CB5B" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection id="4C80A10F2AC57D9D11E03ABEFC787F69" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="317C4C9A93511E3E62825E1ABED06F06" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="68F1ECBA3919A6CBDF51E486FF9879F4" LSID="68B61697-4DD9-56C5-9D7D-9AEC4B97CB5B" authority="Lobban &amp; Ashworth" authorityName="Lobban &amp; Ashworth" authorityYear="2022" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia elegantissima" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elegantissima" status="sp. nov.">Climacosphenia elegantissima Lobban &amp; Ashworth</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6ED2525FA4381112554A429516F0652F" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figs 26</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">, 27</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">, 28</figureCitation>
<subSubSection id="692874BBF7A0857D67701498DFCE73D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph id="1A02DAE3E2463F47F780C821D7EDA928" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<figureCitation id="F793A567E9DDD5C768EF6FDBCCD638E4" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figs 26</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="0DFD8EF0155C9875328496DBFCA74718" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">, 27</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="B10B3931C2F7CA1845C7614CCC362214" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">, 28</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="references">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">References.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection id="9686E44A31D134FEAFC113475620AE86" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="references">
<paragraph id="63A5C453F265666E8041F2176AE9B5A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">References.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="73000A9822E6B45B68C3C6406E6A1262" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
?
<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B24" refString="Hustedt, F, 1914. Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874-1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." title="Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874 - 1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." year="1914">Hustedt 1914</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="D012B863592A9795DDFA3D4928B0B466" author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B24" refString="Hustedt, F, 1914. Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874-1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." title="Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874 - 1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." year="1914">Hustedt 1914</bibRefCitation>
in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64396" author="Schmidt, A" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B70" refString="Schmidt, A, Schmidt, M, Fricke, F, Heiden, H, Mueller, O, Hustedt, F, 1874-1959. Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64396" title="Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64396" year="1874 - 1959">Schmidt et al. 1874-1959</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="227B6EA68C9647D5A74E093C4310A13D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64396" author="Schmidt, A" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B70" refString="Schmidt, A, Schmidt, M, Fricke, F, Heiden, H, Mueller, O, Hustedt, F, 1874-1959. Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64396" title="Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64396" year="1874 - 1959">Schmidt et al. 1874-1959</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 308, figs 5-10;?
<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B25" refString="Hustedt, F, 1931-1959. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." title="Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." year="1931 - 1959">Hustedt 1931-1959</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="9780CD0160DD184C1FE3AF10DC2F8281" author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B25" refString="Hustedt, F, 1931-1959. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." title="Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." year="1931 - 1959">Hustedt 1931-1959</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 626;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705787" author="Navarro, JN" journalOrPublisher="Diatom Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="123 - 157" refId="B52" refString="Navarro, JN, Lobban, CS, 2009. Freshwater and marine diatoms from the western Pacific islands of Yap and Guam, with notes on some diatoms in damselfish territories. Diatom Research 24: 123 - 157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705787" title="Freshwater and marine diatoms from the western Pacific islands of Yap and Guam, with notes on some diatoms in damselfish territories." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705787" volume="24" year="2009">Navarro and Lobban 2009</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="746EFA01C88E8C838CF3305658411C23" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705787" author="Navarro, JN" journalOrPublisher="Diatom Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="123 - 157" refId="B52" refString="Navarro, JN, Lobban, CS, 2009. Freshwater and marine diatoms from the western Pacific islands of Yap and Guam, with notes on some diatoms in damselfish territories. Diatom Research 24: 123 - 157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705787" title="Freshwater and marine diatoms from the western Pacific islands of Yap and Guam, with notes on some diatoms in damselfish territories." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705787" volume="24" year="2009">Navarro and Lobban 2009</bibRefCitation>
, p. 136, figs 64, 65 (all as
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A3D8EDEE2CEFF97C98723C5C71844E62" lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="E0D59D9014B07EA0D59F1FE554C93BAB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bailey).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection id="C3E7704DFA68FFC321EECF04F41CE1C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="BE064957C0281FBE16BBC95A54E460FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E15811966D40E1058598FFE17EB42E66" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
Differing from
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0DAD3B6E96B68A4FEEEA61029C1EE9D0" lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="05B069704E365D0C3E52B02A306F672B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the greater length, especially in the stem, and narrower, linear apical portion, and from
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. truncata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="truncata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. truncata</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EF91C3589704A4BBA9B24D9843B9C44D" lsidName="C. truncata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="truncata">
<emphasis id="63C0B67A56D58B34C6D7D24926DE5476" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. truncata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hustedt ex Simonsen in the shape of the wide part of the valve.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection id="55989C5F7851B462D91EF02AC9542AB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph id="A236A9424C4149F99BD93BCA2BF0A7EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DCA63EC3113BA626364C81FEE7FCD4A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
Cells attached in small groups to stout, branched mucilage stalks (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">26A, E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="93099172A7B90FACB673E57CBB378371" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">26A, E</figureCitation>
), at least 110
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8F26016DFA635B1790297BD85D564C62" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide at the base and up to 2 mm long. Frustule generally deeper than wide, especially where stem first narrows below the apical pole, ratio there about 15
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8F01FCD185491E01ABA600C46F000584" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
deep to 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8EB9DE6F6A287573B27168D1CD8B225E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="2A3EF3A4413F137B97E20C0C420F782D" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27A</figureCitation>
). Nucleus situated between two more-widely spaced craticular bars about 120
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B4096E9C1483F66BB6AC9F8B2EC5CC72" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
from apical pole (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">26A, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="D0A9FB879668FBD697B10CD0C1852FA6" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">26A, D</figureCitation>
); plastids lenticular. Valves 750-1305
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="6BB961395A5E1A4A487CA38DDDC2AB27" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long, linear toward apical pole, 22-24
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="63D06FD0B33DFF5BFE0E100AA1F07C68" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide, then tapering to a long linear stem, 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B04A8DFE318D07C60CA264BD5704FD98" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide, expanding to 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="3D4C853807BB54171291DFF61106999C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
at the pole (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">26A-C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="707574086C2B60CB5109D940AF69845E" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">26A-C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F5B879077F22CE978BEDBFF079C61C70" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27A</figureCitation>
). Stria density 27-28 in 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="5E061C338884DFA962C3C99AF22B6DF0" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
through most of the valve but 18-21 in 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="3BAA6D744033B6941A00415E2A5DBE04" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
near basal pole, sparser and more scattered inside annulus near basal pole (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27D, E, G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="9931E6AD41C8B7CA080AA39A88A61A15" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27D, E, G</figureCitation>
). There was a crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle at apical pole (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27D, G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="8492B2EBB8FD0A4D35A2A3FFF7947D9E" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27D, G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="117EDF6A284BC795BEE541AE0E7704B4" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28A</figureCitation>
) (noticed in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1841" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="435944CA62E9F8166EB1E991AB72876B" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1841" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18C0717B2DAFF1B7FC4A78AB13AA1844" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" author="Round, FE" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="510 - 527" refId="B66" refString="Round, FE, 1982. The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr. Botanica Marina 25 (11): 510 - 527, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" title="The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" volume="25" year="1982">Round 1982</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="670910DE458C8DC56EB24E4071324C11" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" author="Round, FE" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="510 - 527" refId="B66" refString="Round, FE, 1982. The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr. Botanica Marina 25 (11): 510 - 527, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" title="The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" volume="25" year="1982">Round 1982</bibRefCitation>
: figs 15, 16, 25). Annulus apparently open at basal pole, sides
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="243F37DDFADB55F10712FD83F295D953" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
parallel in the wide area, 8.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="3D2EC33849C5C89BF6B4EAE2B860CDFB" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
apart, in the stem 2.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E9C56A0D609B7BBB44A44A111840FECB" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
apart, expanded to 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4A20F94AF11117BEAB6DB8E3B7BCD8F5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
at the basal pole (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27C-G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="8BC2CB8AD35AE70CDC38A174432CE770" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27C-G</figureCitation>
). Two or more stout spines on external apical pole (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94F9223C06B57ABC20421C7271EB0099" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="8C9E32EFE14EA311FEB8974020370DE5" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28A</figureCitation>
), shallow transapical costae throughout except near basal pole (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27F, G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="411292360076DA1D98759BE6D7587012" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27F, G</figureCitation>
). Pseudoseptum absent (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27F, G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E7D61077AA4EED09222844DBA4E9C6FB" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27F, G</figureCitation>
). Two girdle bands (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="88A14544719952CC40847A23D810243D" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28A</figureCitation>
): valvocopula (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">26B, F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="28DDDEC6965F3C794EF121CA668CB965" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">26B, F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27B, C, F, I</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FBBAAAA40FEADE7EA5FB03AAEC3DDCBF" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27B, C, F, I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28A-C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="6F40ECD37AE7436C8F1C73A029F2E4F1" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28A-C</figureCitation>
) with fimbriate inner edge (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CB21E02AFC9EB21FF3AD509FE2BF68DA" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28B</figureCitation>
), stria density 19 in 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="932DDD92020AE38F2CBF929F8A4872F2" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3A322BBC8A8C5265FD0F8A43F923E678" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28A, B</figureCitation>
) but increasing around foot pole, where there was also a row of pores on pars interior (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27I</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="83BBAF48EBE74482CC6829E1B7A9B0C7" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27I</figureCitation>
). Craticular bars widely spaced in wide part of the cell, with widest space corresponding to the location of the nucleus (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">26B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="6E1F484238B7D11B287DCF1F42EF49D7" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">26B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C07B184890A7B0748074AB9E4D23FB97" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27B</figureCitation>
); in the stem becoming much closer together (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">26B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1D3C650041B4A911EAAA4C4C45699702" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">26B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="7BDA60B99D48EF14D6CCEA5167BCBEB6" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28C</figureCitation>
), often paired with the two bars apparently growing from opposite sides (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DC220A4F4884BEFC02E890B5443F072A" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28C</figureCitation>
). In one specimen from culture, we observed porous bands of silica around several craticular bars near the apical pole (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E9D1DA15EAB8A78AE3261F3F8F0E83F6" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28D</figureCitation>
). Copula fimbriate, more densely striated than the valvocopula but less than the valve, 22 in 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A4B485299D7B592C945D34A18E6CD347" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28A, E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="AB6520E6BB48D803145B161E4BF90EF7" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28A, E</figureCitation>
). A search of abundant girdle views in whole mounts showed no sign of a pleura.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 26" startId="F26">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 26.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lobban &amp; Ashworth" authorityYear="2022" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia elegantissima" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia elegantissima</emphasis>
<caption id="BF380C2BEF5087CFDE058E32831E2AD6" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 26" startId="F26">
<paragraph id="0357D5909689910CA1B3215DB3D3B334" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="2C5F7A2C2936A43951B22FB2BC5B4C91" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 26.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9D6171EF158898C7C7B7522D5863E03B" authorityName="Lobban &amp; Ashworth" authorityYear="2022" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia elegantissima" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
<emphasis id="AE0F3934A5D6046DC60FBB764A399A59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia elegantissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., (GU52AI-1 except
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D2C8B06A7B86D07E6053E57FDCF9D830" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
from GU52U-2)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A, D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9876C0F8E46F0C3FF13A9DA2BE42D51" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A, D</emphasis>
living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DACDD23B3008C0AF4A11A7BDD085E2F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="571911A602799AD4F9C8A1256015AFA8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2EA174DF969B9BF587F600459AC1FB20" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A07D040C079EFFC42EADFFBC1C1D0A85" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="EAF94D6F9809724A4E86665264B0960A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A-C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="5D2B5DC59EAB1537A835DF974CA9ACC5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A-C</emphasis>
); 50
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="EE2F662920043D5A79FFE34585075D35" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D, E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="6CB1F748DA20B42C99DE7B4BB1FAD6B4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D, E</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 27" startId="F27">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 27.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lobban &amp; Ashworth" authorityYear="2022" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia elegantissima" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia elegantissima</emphasis>
<caption id="EDAA6BEBD5035081CEE9E1F12F39EB5D" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 27" startId="F27">
<paragraph id="CAA69A59B63D4DD79210F5D5C2E6034F" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="6DF263110B45FEB00D4E71DDE7CB55E7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 27.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="230D010A99F1EDD292D6E90C97A41DFE" authorityName="Lobban &amp; Ashworth" authorityYear="2022" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia elegantissima" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
<emphasis id="32D53C6F3891DC3056C0ED93C01C3964" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia elegantissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., cont. GU52AI-1, except GU52U-2 (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A5DC85140D9539864BD8BBC354683A45" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
) and GU52X-1 (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">G, H</emphasis>
<emphasis id="251E19AAF4BA869F02543949C023ABA1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">G, H</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3A55F1F31371C011FA95A11988EA9968" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F4813576F82BC31F1972842D6399DBD8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
<normalizedToken id="D3CFB0E90EE72B2D6658972BE0E0D207" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<emphasis id="71D40200F2A716EFBB3F1AF3A504E2E2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="186EB78CBBAC36CFFDD7E413C38C389B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AA5B52E4F8F4CB1FECE89A1844D2F553" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">H</emphasis>
<emphasis id="02ED8E3523AFE23BCFD921F54432B257" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">H</emphasis>
at same scale)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">F</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1FE85E2FE6894BFFB0D5A790F0DD6D90" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">F</emphasis>
internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">G, H</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3542E96C1E0B33C0D4CDD8AC9CC21D79" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">G, H</emphasis>
internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">I</emphasis>
<emphasis id="EE4F473544B9F5CD448A11F8379A6A25" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">I</emphasis>
oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="99A452AFF272885811530EF2875DF0F2" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
<emphasis id="ABA529EB3A5DF6DBB7145D155BC41D58" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
); 50
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4FDEBB58469AA7E1268BE85EC72CE2C2" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="811818990447F4F3261051C664CC60DF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
); 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="60DD0E447AEB51403B933505F8FF7FED" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C-H</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F386027E5A89E2BB14DD47B661C3CFAD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C-H</emphasis>
); 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="17915CF6A9C10585204BE4093E37AE8E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">I</emphasis>
<emphasis id="FA67C6989462DF301B80C97F17CBB36F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">I</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 28" startId="F28">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 28.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lobban &amp; Ashworth" authorityYear="2022" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia elegantissima" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia elegantissima</emphasis>
<caption id="59E38AFBE3371F8D76D4C6E939B3F01E" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 28" startId="F28">
<paragraph id="9552C07BCC68453696BAE4CEB36E859A" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="BABDF0775D8E870906F10FDE440B174D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 28.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3A8ED42C3A3B867222923FA4995F9F34" authorityName="Lobban &amp; Ashworth" authorityYear="2022" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia elegantissima" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
<emphasis id="6C9B6FC8F939922D2EFF6A2B146EEB98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia elegantissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., cont. GU52U-2 (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
<emphasis id="89CA42D6C5B8D1D53DC75B25B8A903D8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
), GU52X-1 (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B, C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9B55AB35F033A63F1127938196B726D9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B, C</emphasis>
), GU44AI-5 culture (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="130528308E81A86AFA875C906A0E3516" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
), GU52AI-1 (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="76B025A601CC3A7AD2AFE3722116A99B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
<emphasis id="BBF8486E44069AC1F76A53284866C131" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="8F76D644AB675572E354CAE9FE65C40C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D52DFF73950B53735AB41443A0BBDB54" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="65E9891D6EA46B2C7A387A6AE9B48B1D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1178A629D57E5965FCAA276815F2BE6B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="37AE8BFD94C8B608D7A905693D934112" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A, D, E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3A07C40D4766F19DDCE1971A950E9059" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A, D, E</emphasis>
); 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="EF16B99FA895B83D459B6D21B99900C2" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B, C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F0F6B01E302D265E118C0314BA1BA27C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B, C</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Holotype</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">(designated here).</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="59F0C112F4C0438580AC25ECDB10DE25" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="holotype">
<paragraph id="3D229FCEFB2B557470C15782509EF30D" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Holotype</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1DD6E1CF94FE41ABAE08CF3BD1EEC394" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="DEDCE6A21FCE864B5257CC5ABA4F33A3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">(designated here).</emphasis>
Specimen at 16.1 mm E, 12.8 mm S of the mark on slide 1861; deposited at Academy of Natural Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, accession number ANSP GC20108. Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FA6C514CA5E3EF659E6B7FD5E0D67CCF" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27B</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="registration">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Registration.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Phycobank http://phycobank.org/103246.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="978205A4C752D22F9BB9D65FCC653F56" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="registration">
<paragraph id="52DCC8E0B9F887784E13AC8538B80510" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Registration.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="660883ECBD2BEFF814B48A0E1353D072" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Phycobank http://phycobank.org/103246.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection id="F344AD53740FC64B7A89BD0651789F32" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="A10F8FB737EB63C81DBB9026428A7D37" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5CAEF93799DF666E86E563704C79E1D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
Guam: Apra Harbor, Scuba Beach,
<geoCoordinate degrees="13.464" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="13.464">13.464°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="F32471675542DB1D3739C4F272052B3C" degrees="13.464" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="13.464">13.464°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="144.656" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="144.656">144.656°E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="81B89F9D4E93072ABD586195B3E9B70C" degrees="144.656" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="144.656">144.656°E</geoCoordinate>
, epiphytic on filamentous red algae in farmer fish territory, collection number GU52U-2, 10 May 2015. C.S. Lobban and M. Schefter leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Additional materials examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">GU44AI-5! (culture), GU44BM-7!, GU52G-B!, GU52X-1!, GU52Y-3B!, GU52AI-1!.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="4B97A9714EC70C713EDEE5145D96541E" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8557A623FA2AF9B933622D1F8B3D9650" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Additional materials examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="21F0A0F6C7BD1F1BB19199D69B7AE7EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">GU44AI-5! (culture), GU44BM-7!, GU52G-B!, GU52X-1!, GU52Y-3B!, GU52AI-1!.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection id="D77AB4D807CD7DCE2A41136104B90876" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1DAA38C1095148E29D1B26EDD85DDED0" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F35165F16FC1E1C8B0D91A0503A1EE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
Superlative of
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">elegans</emphasis>
<emphasis id="84C3F0F580E39FCD23EA3A236424E677" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">elegans</emphasis>
, with reference to the slender appearance of the extremely long cells.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="taxonomic comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Taxonomic comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection id="A6C1C1FA2A51B94461C3CCE7597E5A34" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="taxonomic comments">
<paragraph id="2FDAF83989F5B097C4DBCA84D8E879B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Taxonomic comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE013586088FEA062B339AF6B86EF5E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
The width of the apical pole and especially the distance between the annular lines are narrower than in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03B70D783010B5C4D022707DF71A04A3" lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="1C3F7E4930A6EA2FCF16237F52DDD30F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Comparison of Climacosphenia species from literature and present observations." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF">5</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="8EDD30D2FD244DDD8F1F36F4D8F0D3E8" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Comparison of Climacosphenia species from literature and present observations." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF">5</tableCitation>
) and the stem is also narrower, though the basal pole is inflated and slightly wider than
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4738A9F5F06050EB0046C8D7D2AEF0D7" lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="8B5FDD9E1616A7F827FE1F8D8DC21C7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B24" refString="Hustedt, F, 1914. Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874-1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." title="Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874 - 1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." year="1914">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hustedts">Hustedt's</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="A8965AF853D27644A63ABF9EA14DEEF3" author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B24" refString="Hustedt, F, 1914. Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874-1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." title="Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874 - 1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." year="1914">
<normalizedToken id="243BA5237F5BDB81DEBA177BB6FDFCBB" originalValue="Hustedts">Hustedt's</normalizedToken>
(1914)
</bibRefCitation>
drawings of
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EDE5AE4681C26DEFE91AFABBEFA51118" lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="E42240BFA9254307BD58458ED83D7449" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the greatly extended stems that are present in our new species, but the apical portions of his cells are generally elliptical rather than linear. However, the valvocopula (
<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B24" refString="Hustedt, F, 1914. Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874-1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." title="Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874 - 1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." year="1914">Hustedt 1914</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="498701D12B883C9519DC9650ADFE9EBE" author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B24" refString="Hustedt, F, 1914. Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874-1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." title="Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874 - 1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." year="1914">Hustedt 1914</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 308, fig. 6) is notable in having parallel sides as far as the large space (i.e., where the nucleus would have been), so it is possible they represent
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elegantissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elegantissima</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="787F0D7505C5D8C18B2B9521C9F08A42" lsidName="C. elegantissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
<emphasis id="8186FD244D9EFECA02ACDBCA20D0A262" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elegantissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hustedt ex Simonsen" authorityYear="1987" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia truncata" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="truncata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia truncata</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A1D2501790786FE129DF65F4D4DDA4BB" authorityName="Hustedt ex Simonsen" authorityYear="1987" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia truncata" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="truncata">
<emphasis id="B60415369A75FBA7D183CCB79AC2792C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia truncata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Borneo is also illustrated there (pl. 308, figs 1-4); it also has a very long stem but possesses an essentially triangular blade with a bluntly rounded apical pole.
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elegantissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elegantissima</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="312043ED9CB780B933FC1D32EDBCEFE1" lsidName="C. elegantissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
<emphasis id="FAC32186458D7AE2095357CEFFCE6BA2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elegantissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is common as an epiphyte on filamentous seaweeds in Guam farmer fish territories and such habitats around the western Pacific/ IndoPacific may yield new material of
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. truncata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="truncata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. truncata</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC942ADD3536954245E213B1BBACA473" lsidName="C. truncata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="truncata">
<emphasis id="B405B0C6AFF89C4CDE22D6BC5CE68669" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. truncata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1841" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3EDF8B5EF4C46B9D6FD32C50C6DF7F67" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1841" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48173F9D1C14257F72A017749D3CD497" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" author="Round, FE" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="510 - 527" refId="B66" refString="Round, FE, 1982. The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr. Botanica Marina 25 (11): 510 - 527, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" title="The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" volume="25" year="1982">Round (1982)</bibRefCitation>
<paragraph id="7C05FF507ED3A93C5AF0976EF7F19084" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<bibRefCitation id="AD88AFEFF410533AD770BE1C76E4ACAA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" author="Round, FE" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="510 - 527" refId="B66" refString="Round, FE, 1982. The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr. Botanica Marina 25 (11): 510 - 527, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" title="The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" volume="25" year="1982">Round (1982)</bibRefCitation>
showed porous bands of silica on craticular bars near the basal pole of both species only found in Hawaiian material. We saw them only once on apical bars in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elegantissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elegantissima</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DE2BD250584E982608D82152386D29D4" lsidName="C. elegantissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
<emphasis id="D9A586FDDB05D8AE0D85C9249777F425" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elegantissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Their distribution and function are unknown.
</paragraph>

View file

@ -1,110 +1,110 @@
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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<mods:date id="A6E80F3A95CBFE6BC072AE0B5C98C682">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.3.2864</mods:url>
<mods:location id="8193380891F018175B37558AF6F3D096">
<mods:url id="3ED5DBD457ABFC9D0F44D1315F403EA8">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.3.2864</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.3.2864</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-3-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:classification id="20BC9CE9D2DAE2E81DCBC923722273A3">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="0AADE5CE6B9AF4EA3AB5A10989A00F50" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.3.2864</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="246A8681DBABDD7D9E316CDEB45A2007" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-3-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152023415" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68CCC6A49D90C3065F455F1903F69C38" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68CCC6A49D90C3065F455F1903F69C38" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName LSID="Mycobank: MB 108739" authority="(Muell. Arg.) R. W. Rogers. Muelleria 5: 32. 1982." class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Candelariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Candelariella xanthostigmoides" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="xanthostigmoides">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Candelariella</pageBreakToken>
<treatment id="68CCC6A49D90C3065F455F1903F69C38" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152023415" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68CCC6A49D90C3065F455F1903F69C38" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68CCC6A49D90C3065F455F1903F69C38" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" scope_order="Candelariales" scope_phylum="Ascomycota">
<subSubSection id="9CE1AA16EDC094856ADBBA891432AF23" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F240D7A6CF1C7A0C8FD714BECE1B79A7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="1734E7831FCBB904F4B3A2E2B1715481" ID-CoL="QKXH" LSID="Mycobank: MB 108739" authority="(Muell. Arg.) R. W. Rogers. Muelleria 5: 32. 1982." class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Candelariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Candelariella xanthostigmoides" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="xanthostigmoides">
<pageBreakToken id="E4C4CC83BEA0B96522FF2C54E90D383D" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Candelariella</pageBreakToken>
xanthostigmoides (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="19E040302398557BA8A2344E4AB225D8" originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
.Arg.) R.W.Rogers. Muelleria5: 32. 1982.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="basionym">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Basionym.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecanoraceae" genus="Lecanora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lecanora xanthostigmoides" order="Lecanorales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="xanthostigmoides">Lecanora xanthostigmoides</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
<subSubSection id="CE29914C2843C3B2269479AC9BA874AA" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="basionym">
<paragraph id="D1A196F2AD80C8AE04585D247FD497E7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Basionym.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A85033C2F34A224198E8C0227185A1FF" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E859EA50D124E7D9800FF6CE337D48BC" class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Lecanora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lecanora xanthostigmoides" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="xanthostigmoides">Lecanora xanthostigmoides</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="1DACD4E1E96F0D26C69C06CA3F7ECBF2" originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
.Arg., Flora65: 484. 1882.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="lectotype">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lectotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="B2ED250FF3474E92C36ABF8D9AD2AE96" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="lectotype">
<paragraph id="F2AE6FBB5F860129691EF557CFC5982B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lectotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2BFB15CC37639A425F02B599BE583A98" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
AUSTRALIA. New South Wales: Parramatta, W. Woolls (G! [G00290997], designated by
<bibRefCitation author="Rogers, RW" journalOrPublisher="Muelleria" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="31 - 34" title="The nomenclature of some Australian lichens described as Lecanora and Placodium by Mueller-Argoviensis." volume="5" year="1982">Rogers 1982</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="4437930B6C5B7E03C74106AB0B8E7F95" author="Rogers, RW" journalOrPublisher="Muelleria" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="31 - 34" title="The nomenclature of some Australian lichens described as Lecanora and Placodium by Mueller-Argoviensis." volume="5" year="1982">Rogers 1982</bibRefCitation>
: 32).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph id="E505832E5B639004EB6A4BDB2466DC75" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
New to Europe. This species is morphologically identical to
<taxonomicName class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Candelariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Candelariella efflorescens" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="efflorescens">Candelariella efflorescens</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6071FD93849982905AFD14113B8518ED" class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Candelariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Candelariella efflorescens" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="efflorescens">Candelariella efflorescens</taxonomicName>
and can only be separated when fertile on account of its 8-spored asci compared to the c. 30-spored asci in
<taxonomicName class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Candelariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Candelariella efflorescens" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="efflorescens">Candelariella efflorescens</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3B158A03D42FBC3DFA5F10004A99A2BB" class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Candelariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Candelariella efflorescens" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="efflorescens">Candelariella efflorescens</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lendemer and Westberg 2010</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="C12C1B98317F10D607503CEE6C6B4B13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lendemer and Westberg 2010</bibRefCitation>
). The majority of the small, sorediate specimens in
<taxonomicName class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Candelariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Candelariella" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Candelariella</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4B9DBEA7495FCA9A57C8911024A88AF0" class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Candelariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Candelariella" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Candelariella</taxonomicName>
are sterile and the distribution and frequency of the two species is thus poorly known. We found three fertile specimens with 8-spored asci which correspond well in all characters to
<taxonomicName class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Candelariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Candelariella xanthostigmoides" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="xanthostigmoides">Candelariella xanthostigmoides</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="19F6E6CDC8A0C0D05853B67B6A60AB2B" class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Candelariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Candelariella xanthostigmoides" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="xanthostigmoides">Candelariella xanthostigmoides</taxonomicName>
. These specimens were mostly collected in humid places on
<taxonomicName class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salix" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Salix</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E6608A037BC478AD8EDDA1A38A2F6D6E" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salix" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Salix</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Betula</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="988375CF08EC8D8EA6EC107C352C12F8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Betula</taxonomicName>
sp. and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Alnus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="BC5E8B8438F2DD874C593F1C5176DE39" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Alnus</taxonomicName>
sp. The two specimens collected in the framework of the Red List project were identified as
<taxonomicName class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Candelariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Candelariella reflexa" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="reflexa">Candelariella reflexa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A218D09A04BE374759725F0261896C39" class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Candelariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Candelariella reflexa" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="reflexa">Candelariella reflexa</taxonomicName>
(Nyl.) Lettau, another 8-spored, sorediate species. The latter species is however morphologically distinct also when sterile (see
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lendemer and Westberg 2010</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="4BBC8016DBCA864F1D9C9DE4973B82DE" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lendemer and Westberg 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Earlier, the name
<taxonomicName class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Candelariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Candelariella sorediosa" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sorediosa">Candelariella sorediosa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8DF48A08D8E0BA7AC15AC91DE77030FF" class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Candelariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Candelariella sorediosa" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sorediosa">Candelariella sorediosa</taxonomicName>
Poelt &amp; Reddi had been used occasionally (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation author="Poelt, J" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Lichenologica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 258" title="Bestimmungsschluessel Europaeischer Flechten. Ergaenzungsheft I." volume="9" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="08AE2E1DDA03E7DF0CD8DAA3B3815D4B" author="Poelt, J" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Lichenologica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 258" title="Bestimmungsschluessel Europaeischer Flechten. Ergaenzungsheft I." volume="9" year="1977">
Poelt and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vězda">Vezda</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="ED22A8C78B99CF89827448071F255503" originalValue="Vězda">Vezda</normalizedToken>
1977
</bibRefCitation>
) for similar specimens from Europe. We prefer to use the older name
<taxonomicName class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Candelariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Candelariella xanthostigmoides" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="xanthostigmoides">Candelariella xanthostigmoides</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DCBC9E47B0995C0315DFFC9ADD5C2108" class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Candelariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Candelariella xanthostigmoides" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="xanthostigmoides">Candelariella xanthostigmoides</taxonomicName>
as the distinction between these two species is not clear and the type of
<taxonomicName class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Candelariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Candelariella sorediosa" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sorediosa">Candelariella sorediosa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4363D672DEB7A55F9A3ED0795B538BA5" class="Candelariomycetes" family="Candelariaceae" genus="Candelariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Candelariella sorediosa" order="Candelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sorediosa">Candelariella sorediosa</taxonomicName>
is poor (see also
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lendemer and Westberg 2010</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="6CE2165696B6CA390BAF06BEA09DAC1B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lendemer and Westberg 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Basel-Land: Arisdorf, alt. 435 m, 4 Aug 1998, Frei (G 00057814); Jura: Le Noirmont, alt. 985 m, 8. Aug 1996, Groner (G 00057813); Schwytz, Rothenturm-Sattel, alt. 910-960 m, 30 Sept 1969, Frey (G 00122119).</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="4AECAA58F1E82BD99223943D6F94FD29" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph id="2C12F07D9393D305899211FDEA9B9160" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D29C67A2D1022DB402D14AFF8C49C02" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Basel-Land: Arisdorf, alt. 435 m, 4 Aug 1998, Frei (G 00057814); Jura: Le Noirmont, alt. 985 m, 8. Aug 1996, Groner (G 00057813); Schwytz, Rothenturm-Sattel, alt. 910-960 m, 30 Sept 1969, Frey (G 00122119).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>