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<document id="9553E085FD8289B77699C7B5D0090E77" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0082(2006)3529[1:ANMWID]2.0.CO;2" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5384803" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1630300028577" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="BENNETT, DANIEL J &amp; ENGEL, MICHAEL S" docDate="2006" docId="690D3227FFCD740AA3D2FB2CFD9AB773" docLanguage="en" docName="N3529.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3529 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&amp;doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2006)3529%5B1%3AANMWID%5D2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.4:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Lindenius paleomystax BENNETT &amp; ENGEL 2006, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="95344A5FFFCC740FA101FFE1FFAFB26F" masterDocTitle="A New Moustache Wasp in Dominican Amber, with an Account of Apoid Wasp Evolution Emphasizing Crabroninae (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1729710827095" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="0979D6E09ABD17BED407EA02433B07EB">A New Moustache Wasp in Dominican Amber, with an Account of Apoid Wasp Evolution Emphasizing Crabroninae (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="70A15C01075B600CD2E787DEFFD0502E">BENNETT, DANIEL J</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="44CB4C74EA9B117DC71C20CE77201118">ENGEL, MICHAEL S</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1A7A38CF366D0BB45576C07341AD4BDE">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0C5AE2D2202F49441B60DA72024BC47F">2006</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="E11B8331FFCD740EA3D2FB2CFBC9B68A" blockId="1.[723,1126,1229,1253]" box="[723,1126,1229,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="26A4F8B2FFCD740EA3D2FB2CFC7CB68A" authority="BENNETT &amp; ENGEL, 2006" authorityName="BENNETT &amp; ENGEL" authorityYear="2006" box="[723,979,1229,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Lindenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paleomystax" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFCD740EA3D2FB2CFC7CB68A" bold="true" box="[723,979,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Lindenius paleomystax</emphasis>
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,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C8E3E258FFCD740EA2E2FB2CFBC9B68A" box="[995,1126,1229,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="799F9FB4FFCD740EA258FB11FD69B72E" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStartId-0="2.[151,198,1537,1559]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,198,1605,1627]" captionTargetBox-0="[128,1232,210,1503]" captionTargetBox-1="[136,1220,210,1571]" captionTargetId-0="figure-0@2.[128,1232,210,1503]" captionTargetId-1="figure-0@4.[136,1220,210,1571]" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="Figs. 13. Photomicrographs of holotype female of Lindenius paleomystax, new species (AMNH DR-14- 1091). 1. Oblique lateral habitus. 2. Facial aspect. 3. Dorsal aspect." captionText-1="Figs. 45. Line drawings of Lindenius paleomystax, new species, as preserved. 4. Face depicting clypeal margin. 5. Apical two-thirds of forewing." figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5384807" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5384807/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="BA53345DFFCD740EA258FB11FC4FB767" box="[857,992,1264,1288]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="7">Figures 15</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A9BED0BAFFCD740CA3B1FAC8FF0CB3F2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E11B8331FFCD740EA3B1FAC8FB0CB4B5" blockId="1.[662,1188,1321,1754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
DIAGNOSIS: The new species is immediately recognizable as a member of the
<taxonomicName id="26A4F8B2FFCD740EA515FAA7FB0BB731" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1044,1188,1350,1374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="7" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Crabroninae">Crabroninae</taxonomicName>
owing to large cuboidal head, single submarginal cell, elongate scape, and nonemarginate eyes. It is further distinguished as a member of the subtribe
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by ventrally convergent eyes, toruli positioned very low and close together on face, and ventral margin of mandibles entire (
<bibRefCitation id="8535FEC0FFCD740EA552F9F2FCCFB427" author="Bohart, R. M. &amp; A. S. Menke" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref4193" refString="Bohart, R. M., and A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid wasps of the world: a generic revision. Berkeley: University of California, ix + 695 pp." type="book" year="1976">Bohart and Menke, 1976</bibRefCitation>
). It is placed in
<taxonomicName id="26A4F8B2FFCD740EA514F9D1FB2FB427" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau &amp; Brulle" authorityYear="1835" box="[1045,1152,1584,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Lindenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFCD740EA514F9D1FB2FB427" box="[1045,1152,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Lindenius</emphasis>
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by mandible with apex simple, ventral margin entire (figs. 1, 2, 4), ocellar triangle broader than high, scapal basin ecarinate, and hind wing longer than second cubital cell (submedian cell) (
<bibRefCitation id="8535FEC0FFCD740EA21BF923FBFEB4B5" author="Bohart, R. M. &amp; A. S. Menke" box="[794,1105,1730,1754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref4193" refString="Bohart, R. M., and A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid wasps of the world: a generic revision. Berkeley: University of California, ix + 695 pp." type="book" year="1976">Bohart and Menke, 1976</bibRefCitation>
). With
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E11B8331FFCE740DA196F9E0FC95B45E" blockId="2.[128,1227,1537,1585]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Figs. 13. Photomicrographs of holotype female of
<taxonomicName id="26A4F8B2FFCE740DA3B5F9E0FC38B479" authority="BENNETT &amp; ENGEL, 2006" authorityName="BENNETT &amp; ENGEL" authorityYear="2006" box="[692,919,1537,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Lindenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paleomystax" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFCE740DA3B5F9E0FC38B479" box="[692,919,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lindenius paleomystax</emphasis>
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,
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(AMNH DR-14- 1091).
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFCE740DA1C7F9FAFF77B45E" bold="true" box="[198,216,1563,1585]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.</emphasis>
Oblique lateral habitus.
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFCE740DA0DDF9FAFE41B45E" bold="true" box="[476,494,1563,1585]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2.</emphasis>
Facial aspect.
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFCE740DA38AF9FAFD32B45E" bold="true" box="[651,669,1563,1585]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3.</emphasis>
Dorsal aspect.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E11B8331FFCF740CA159FF32FF0CB3F2" blockId="3.[88,614,211,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
possible exception of the latter trait (which is not visible in the
<typeStatus id="3E1F3D93FFCF740CA042FF10FEDCB366" box="[323,371,241,265]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
material), the new species can be diagnosed by these characters in combination with the lack of an inner basal mandibular tooth (figs. 2, 4) and a clypeal margin as figured (figs. 2, 4) and described below.
</paragraph>
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DESCRIPTION:
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFCF740CA021FE45FED6B3D3" box="[288,377,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Female:</emphasis>
Body length excluding antenna approximately
<quantity id="265C2ED4FFCF740CA0BDFE20FDBAB3B6" box="[444,533,449,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
; head width
<quantity id="265C2ED4FFCF740CA19EFE3EFF56B398" box="[159,249,479,503]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
, height
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; forewing length
<quantity id="265C2ED4FFCF740CA159FE1CFF1EB07A" box="[88,177,509,533]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
. Color dark brown to black with brown maculations on pronotal lobe, antenna, tegula, and mandible, mandibular apex black; wing veins dark brown to black, membrane hyaline. Integument apparently imbricate. Antennal scape elongate, length approximately equal to three-fourths mandibular length, ecarinate; medial flagellomeres about as long as wide, becoming more compact apically and slightly longer basally. Clypeus short and narrow; apical margin denticulate, with three teeth lateral of medial concavity, submedial tooth broad, middle tooth longer and pointed, lateral tooth shorter and pointed (figs. 2, 4). Toruli narrowly separated, positioned low on face, meeting epistomal sulcus, scapal basin shallow and ecarinate, without medial tubercle. Gena broad behind compound eye, orbital fovea weakly present, not margined by carina (observable only in
<typeStatus id="3E1F3D93FFCF740CA03CFBD3FE0AB625" box="[317,421,1074,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), ocellar triangle broader than high, ocelli apparently all of similar size. Occipital carina present dorsally and laterally, not observable ventrally. Compound eyes large, bare, strongly convergent below, reaching clypeal margin laterally; separated from toruli by slightly less than torular diameter. Mandible simple and apically acuminate, ventral margin entire. Three segments of labial palpus visible (in
<typeStatus id="3E1F3D93FFCF740CA0F0FADFFDF6B739" box="[497,601,1342,1366]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
); three relatively long maxillary palpal segments visible (in
<typeStatus id="3E1F3D93FFCF740CA1DCFA9BFEEAB7FD" box="[221,325,1402,1426]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), apical segment nearly twice as long as subapical segment; pronotal collar rounded, medial notch weak (especially in
<typeStatus id="3E1F3D93FFCF740CA189FA32FF5FB784" box="[136,240,1491,1515]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), strongly notched laterally. Mesoscutum simple, admedian lines, notauli, and parapsidial lines not apparent. Mesoscutellum and metanotum simple, prescutellar sulcus foveate. Postspiracular carina and epicnemial carina present, continuous; acetabular carina apparently absent, verticaulus, sternaulus, and mesopleuralus absent; hypersternaulus present, episternal groove foveate, scrobe distinct. Anteromedial section of propodeal spiralcle meeting upper arm of sideways Y-shaped carina, lower arm of carina bounds spiracle ventrally and intersects with dorsal end of weak lateral carina of propodeum; propodeal enclosure defined by transverse carina (observable in dorsal view of
<typeStatus id="3E1F3D93FFCF740CA397FE42FD52B3D4" box="[662,765,419,443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, challenging to discern in posterior view but present), posterior longitudinal depression apparent below enclosure. Forewing basal vein distad cu-a by distance approximately equal to length of cu-a; Rs separating from Sc+R at point anterior to pterostigmal base approximately equal to length of posterior border of pterostigma within submarginal cell; marginal cell about as long as submarginal cell; apical margin of truncate marginal cell approximately equal to apical margin of submarginal cell; 1m-cu (recurrent vein) meeting posterior margin of submarginal cell near cell midpoint (fig. 5). Protrochanter widest apically, about 2.6 times as long as wide; protochantellus narrow and ringlike; profemur widest medially, about 3.5 times longer than wide; protibia widest slightly distad middle, about 4.4 times longer than wide, lightly spinose, with spur as long or nearly as long as antenna cleaner. Mesofemur expanded medially, about 2.2 times longer than wide; mesotibia somewhat expanded distad middle, about 3.7 times longer than wide, rather strongly spinose with anterior spur about twice length of posterior spur. Metafemur widest medially, about 2.7 times longer than wide; metatibia widest subapically, about 3.4 times longer than wide, spinose, with anterior spur roughly two-thirds length of posterior spur. Basitarsus about as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres IIV; tarsomeres progressively shorter except for distitarsi, which are longer than preceding tarsomeres. Pretarsal claws simple, arolia distinct. Metasoma sessile, relatively compact, roughly two-thirds as wide as mesosoma; second through fourth metasomal sterna subequal in length except third apparently slightly longer; pygidial plate flat, triangular, longer than broad, evenly narrowed, with apex truncate and punctuate throughout, somewhat more strongly so apically.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E11B8331FFCF740AA3B1F942FE0AB32B" blockId="3.[662,1188,211,1753]" lastBlockId="5.[88,614,211,1308]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<materialsCitation id="51CC896CFFCF740AA3B1F942FE0AB32B" country="Dominican Republic" county="American Museum of Natural History." lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" location="Female" municipality="Division of Invertebrate Zoology" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="3E1F3D93FFCF740CA3B1F942FC8EB4D5" box="[688,801,1699,1723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
:
<location id="E47BD5EAFFCF740CA242F942FC39B4D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:690D3227FFCD740AA3D2FB2CFD9AB773:E47BD5EAFFCF740CA242F942FC39B4D4" box="[835,918,1699,1723]" country="Dominican Republic" county="American Museum of Natural History." municipality="Division of Invertebrate Zoology" name="Female" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Female</location>
(AMNH DR-14-1091),
<collectingCountry id="99B3C3A1FFCF740CA397F920FC24B4B6" box="[662,907,1729,1753]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="E47BD5EAFFCF740CA29BF920FBEAB4B6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:690D3227FFCD740AA3D2FB2CFD9AB773:E47BD5EAFFCF740CA29BF920FBEAB4B6" box="[922,1093,1729,1753]" country="Dominican Republic" county="American Museum of Natural History." municipality="Division of Invertebrate Zoology" name="Early Miocene" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Early Miocene</location>
(Burdigalian) amber, specific mine unknown.
<location id="E47BD5EAFFC9740AA159FF10FF63B366" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:690D3227FFCD740AA3D2FB2CFD9AB773:E47BD5EAFFC9740AA159FF10FF63B366" box="[88,204,241,265]" country="Dominican Republic" county="American Museum of Natural History." municipality="Division of Invertebrate Zoology" name="Deposited" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Deposited</location>
in the
<location id="E47BD5EAFFC9740AA037FF10FDCEB366" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:690D3227FFCD740AA3D2FB2CFD9AB773:E47BD5EAFFC9740AA037FF10FDCEB366" box="[310,609,241,265]" country="Dominican Republic" county="American Museum of Natural History." municipality="Division of Invertebrate Zoology" name="Amber Fossil Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Amber Fossil Collection</location>
,
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,
<collectingCounty id="087AFBBDFFC9740AA0F7FEEFFE0AB32B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">American Museum of Natural History.</collectingCounty>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
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Figs. 45. Line drawings of
<taxonomicName id="26A4F8B2FFC8740BA0CBF9A4FD01B435" authority="BENNETT &amp; ENGEL, 2006" authorityName="BENNETT &amp; ENGEL" authorityYear="2006" box="[458,686,1605,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Lindenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paleomystax" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFC8740BA0CBF9A4FD01B435" box="[458,686,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lindenius paleomystax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C8E3E258FFC8740BA3BCF9A4FC9AB434" box="[701,821,1605,1627]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, as preserved.
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFC8740BA2CCF9A4FC4FB434" bold="true" box="[973,992,1605,1627]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4.</emphasis>
Face depicting clypeal margin.
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFC8740BA1D7F981FF46B419" bold="true" box="[214,233,1632,1654]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5.</emphasis>
Apical two-thirds of forewing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E11B8331FFC9740AA173FEABFEB7B398" blockId="5.[88,614,211,1308]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<materialsCitation id="51CC896CFFC9740AA173FEABFEBBB398" country="Dominican Republic" county="American Museum of Natural History" location="Female" municipality="Division of Invertebrate Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="3E1F3D93FFC9740AA173FEABFF4FB30E" box="[114,224,330,354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
:
<location id="E47BD5EAFFC9740AA003FEABFEFAB30D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:690D3227FFCD740AA3D2FB2CFD9AB773:E47BD5EAFFC9740AA003FEABFEFAB30D" box="[258,341,330,354]" country="Dominican Republic" county="American Museum of Natural History" municipality="Division of Invertebrate Zoology" name="Female" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Female</location>
(AMNH DR-14-236),
<collectingCountry id="99B3C3A1FFC9740AA159FE89FEE2B3EF" box="[88,333,360,384]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="E47BD5EAFFC9740AA05DFE89FDA7B3EF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:690D3227FFCD740AA3D2FB2CFD9AB773:E47BD5EAFFC9740AA05DFE89FDA7B3EF" box="[348,520,360,384]" country="Dominican Republic" county="American Museum of Natural History" municipality="Division of Invertebrate Zoology" name="Early Miocene" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Early Miocene</location>
(Burdigalian) amber, northern mines.
<location id="E47BD5EAFFC9740AA0D1FE67FDEBB3F1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:690D3227FFCD740AA3D2FB2CFD9AB773:E47BD5EAFFC9740AA0D1FE67FDEBB3F1" box="[464,580,390,414]" country="Dominican Republic" county="American Museum of Natural History" municipality="Division of Invertebrate Zoology" name="Deposited" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Deposited</location>
in the
<location id="E47BD5EAFFC9740AA18EFE45FE6EB3D3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:690D3227FFCD740AA3D2FB2CFD9AB773:E47BD5EAFFC9740AA18EFE45FE6EB3D3" box="[143,449,420,444]" country="Dominican Republic" county="American Museum of Natural History" municipality="Division of Invertebrate Zoology" name="Amber Fossil Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Amber Fossil Collection</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="017F194BFFC9740AA0DBFE45FEFDB3B6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Division of Invertebrate Zoology</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="087AFBBDFFC9740AA062FE20FEBBB398" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">American Museum of Natural History</collectingCounty>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9BED0BAFFC9740AA173FE1CFF4BB0E3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E11B8331FFC9740AA173FE1CFF4BB0E3" blockId="5.[88,614,211,1308]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet is a combination of the Greek words for ancient (
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFC9740AA160FDD8FF00B03E" box="[97,175,569,593]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">palaios</emphasis>
) and moustache (
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFC9740AA0A2FDD8FE5BB03E" box="[419,500,569,593]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">mystax</emphasis>
), a reference to the common name for the subtribe
<taxonomicName id="26A4F8B2FFC9740AA159FD95FF4FB0E3" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[88,224,628,652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Crabronina">Crabronina</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9BED0BAFFC9740AA173FD72FD9AB773" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E11B8331FFC9740AA173FD72FD9AB773" blockId="5.[88,614,211,1308]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
COMMENTS: One major difference between the fossil and its modern relatives is the lack of an inner basal mandibular tooth in the former. Although a cladistic analysis of the
<taxonomicName id="26A4F8B2FFC9740AA159FCEBFF73B14D" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[88,220,778,802]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Crabronina">Crabronina</taxonomicName>
is needed to be certain of its polarity, the tooth is likely a feature derived within
<taxonomicName id="26A4F8B2FFC9740AA1A6FCA4FEBDB132" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau &amp; Brulle" authorityYear="1835" box="[167,274,837,861]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Lindenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFC9740AA1A6FCA4FEBDB132" box="[167,274,837,861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lindenius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It occurs in other moustache wasps (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="26A4F8B2FFC9740AA010FC82FDAAB114" authority=", Moniacera" authorityName="Moniacera" box="[273,517,867,891]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Huavea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFC9740AA010FC82FEC9B114" box="[273,358,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Huavea</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFC9740AA08CFC82FDAAB114" box="[397,517,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Moniacera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, some
<taxonomicName id="26A4F8B2FFC9740AA159FC60FF71B1F6" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau &amp; Brulle" authorityYear="1835" box="[88,222,897,921]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Crossocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFC9740AA159FC60FF71B1F6" box="[88,222,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Crossocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and most
<taxonomicName id="26A4F8B2FFC9740AA066FC60FE76B1F6" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" box="[359,473,897,921]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Ectemnius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFC9740AA066FC60FE76B1F6" box="[359,473,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ectemnius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) but not in any obviously closely related group. Based on this character alone, the species could plausibly be interpreted to represent an extinct lineage basal within
<taxonomicName id="26A4F8B2FFC9740AA062FC19FE61B67F" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau &amp; Brulle" authorityYear="1835" box="[355,462,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Lindenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFC9740AA062FC19FE61B67F" box="[355,462,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lindenius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, outside of modern species groups as outlined by
<bibRefCitation id="8535FEC0FFC9740AA34AFBF4FE82B624" author="de Beaumont, J." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="145 - 185" refId="ref4408" refString="de Beaumont, J. 1956. Notes sur les Lindenius palearctiques (Hym. Sphecid.). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gessellschaft 29: 145 - 185." type="journal article" year="1956">de Beaumont (1956)</bibRefCitation>
(see also summary in
<bibRefCitation id="8535FEC0FFC9740AA159FBB0FE2FB606" author="Bohart, R. M. &amp; A. S. Menke" box="[88,384,1105,1129]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref4193" refString="Bohart, R. M., and A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid wasps of the world: a generic revision. Berkeley: University of California, ix + 695 pp." type="book" year="1976">Bohart and Menke, 1976</bibRefCitation>
). However, such an interpretation is not congruent with the presence of a hypersternaulus, a character that suggests placement in the
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFC9740AA07DFB4AFDBEB6AC" box="[380,529,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">mesopleuralis</emphasis>
species group of
<taxonomicName id="26A4F8B2FFC9740AA1C7FB29FE9EB68F" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau &amp; Brulle" authorityYear="1835" box="[198,305,1224,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Lindenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3D05F23FFC9740AA1C7FB29FE9EB68F" box="[198,305,1224,1248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lindenius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The correct placement of the fossil within the genus must await a broader analysis of additional characters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>