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<mods:title id="ABB866C1238721743E5CC870BCD27989">Phylogenomics of the tropical plant family Ochnaceae using targeted enrichment of nuclear genes and 250 + taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9E6E37AEEF46B4D746513103A3DD4E05">Schneider, Julio V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DC3542E9E125CC0D6DD2F2B0BC0CF25E">1,2 * Tanja Jungcurt, & 1,3 * Domingos Cardoso, & 1,3 & Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Mertonstrasse 17 - 21, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany & 1,3 * Domingos Cardoso, & 1,3 & Goethe-University, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A58F0D3BFF347CBFD680C04A593A805B">Cardoso, Domingos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A1DFE6FA96874A7F86E340689F7DCC84">André Márcio Amorim, & Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Ondina, 40170 - 115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FCBAAC8180C50CD1E3DC30E7F263D0C5">Amorim, André Márcio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2630C5E3F5C6DF9625EEBF5420C621A9">5,6 & Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), km 16 Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, 45662 - 900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil & 5,6 & Herbário André Maurício Vieira de Carvalho, CEPEC, CEPLAC, CP 07, CEP 45600 - 970, Itabuna, BA, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="37F5FF83DF2310F89127722CEE69CDBE">Töpel, Mats</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="47644A1E582BCAF29D388C3770E62810">7,8 Tobias Andermann, & University of Gothenburg, Marine Sciences, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden & 7,8 Tobias Andermann, & 8,9 Odile Poncy, & Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="D0444AE285ACD29BECAB382254EE1429">7,8 Tobias Andermann, & 8,9 Odile Poncy, & Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden & 8,9 Odile Poncy, & University of Gothenburg, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Medicinaregatan 18, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="03C3CB3495925C17E03EACC76A8644F2">Thomas Berberich & Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, Cedex 05, 75231 France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="000EBC351D8C330F324DCDD70F5164E9">Berberich, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0569A5950466B14134939F38181752D7">& Georg Zizka & Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Lab-Center, Georg-Voigt-Strasse</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="51270E394FE01596B019D8F0473A8334">1,2 * Tanja Jungcurt, & 1,3 * Domingos Cardoso, & 1,3 & Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Mertonstrasse 17 - 21, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany & 1,3 * Domingos Cardoso, & 1,3 & Goethe-University, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="0A848A8108C1225F3B70BB2FC5DB97C4">2021</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D5595C1F8B60337F8B3" ID-CoL="DGS" box="[196,316,1850,1874]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ochnaceae</taxonomicName>
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and early-diverging clades.
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<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D559787F8B10096F8B3" bold="true" box="[642,669,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">—</emphasis>
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Since
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<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D5597EFF8B7030AF893" author="APG III" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" pagination="105 - 121" refId="ref15953" refString="APG III 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants. APG III. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 161: 105 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.2009.00996. x" type="journal article" year="2009">APG III (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D559408F8D70374F893" box="[269,383,1883,1906]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ochnaceae</taxonomicName>
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comprises
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<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D5594FCF8D70060F893" box="[505,619,1883,1906]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ochnaceae</taxonomicName>
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s.str., the monotypic
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<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D5595D4F8F7038CF873" box="[209,391,1915,1938]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Medusagynaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Medusagynaceae</taxonomicName>
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, endemic to the
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<collectingCountry id="E8A547EA65150D559734F8F70094F873" box="[561,671,1915,1938]" name="Seychelles" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
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archipelago in the Indian Ocean, and the neotropical
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<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D55976FF81700EAF853" box="[618,737,1947,1970]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Quiinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Quiinaceae</taxonomicName>
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, now recognized at the rank of subfamily (
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<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D5591D4FF3707C9FF33" author="Schneider, J. V. & Bissiengou, P. & Amaral, M. C. E. & Fay, M. F. & Thines, M. & Sosef, M. S. M. & Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L." box="[1233,1474,187,210]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" pagination="199 - 214" refId="ref22117" refString="Schneider, J. V., Bissiengou, P., Amaral, M. C. E., Fay, M. F., Thines, M., Sosef, M. S. M., Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L. 2014. Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrafamilial classification of the pantropical Ochnaceae s. l. (Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae s. str., Quiinaceae) based on five DNA regions. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 78: 199 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.018" type="journal article" year="2014">Schneider & al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). The three subfamilies diverged around the CretaceousPalaeogene boundary (
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<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D559139FF77075EFEF3" author="Schneider, J. V. & Zizka, G." box="[1084,1365,251,274]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" pagination="855 - 867" refId="ref22005" refString="Schneider, J. V. & Zizka, G. 2017. Phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography of neotropical Quiinoideae (Ochnaceae s. l.). Taxon 66: 855 - 867. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 664.4" type="journal article" year="2017">Schneider & Zizka, 2017</bibRefCitation>
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; Schneider & al., 2017). The relationships among them have remained unclear, with different inferences across earlier studies (
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<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D5590A1FEB701C8FE93" author="Fay, M. F. & Swensen, S. M. & Chase, M. W." pageId="13" pageNumber="61" pagination="111 - 120" refId="ref17620" refString="Fay, M. F., Swensen, S. M. & Chase, M. W. 1997. Taxonomic affinities of Medusagyne oppositifolia (Medusagynaceae). Kew Bull. 52: 111 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4117844" type="journal article" year="1997">Fay & al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D5596D5FED706C1FE93" author="Savolainen, V. & Fay, M. F. & Albach, D. C. & Backlund, A. & Van der Bank, M. & Cameron, K. M. & Johnson, S. A. & Lledo, M. D. & Pintaud, J. - C. & Powell, M. & Sheahan, M. C. & Soltis, D. E. & Soltis, P. S. & Weston, P. & Whitten, W. M. & Wurdack, K. J. & Chase, M. W." box="[976,1226,347,370]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" pagination="257 - 309" refId="ref21614" refString="Savolainen, V., Fay, M. F., Albach, D. C., Backlund, A., Van der Bank, M., Cameron, K. M., Johnson, S. A., Lledo, M. D., Pintaud, J. - C., Powell, M., Sheahan, M. C., Soltis, D. E., Soltis, P. S., Weston, P., Whitten, W. M., Wurdack, K. J. & Chase, M. W. 2000. Phylogeny of the eudicots: A nearly complete familial analysis based on rbcL gene sequences. Kew Bull. 55: 257 - 309. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4115644" type="journal article" year="2000">Savolainen & al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D5591D2FED707C9FE93" author="Davis, C. C. & Chase, M. W." box="[1239,1474,347,370]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" pagination="262 - 273" refId="ref16868" refString="Davis, C. C. & Chase, M. W. 2004. Elatinaceae are sister to Malpighiaceae; Peridiscaceae belong to Saxifragales. Amer. J. Bot. 91: 262 - 273. https: // doi. org / 10.3732 / ajb. 91.2.262" type="journal article" year="2004">Davis & Chase, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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). Recent more data-rich studies (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D5591A1FEF70758FE73" author="Xi, Z. & Ruhfel, B. R. & Schaefer, H. & Amorim, A. M. & Sugumaran, M. & Wurdack, K. J. & Endress, P. K. & Matthews, M. L. & Stevens, P. F. & Mathews, S. & Davis, C. C." box="[1188,1363,379,402]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" pagination="17519 - 17524" refId="ref23107" refString="Xi, Z., Ruhfel, B. R., Schaefer, H., Amorim, A. M., Sugumaran, M., Wurdack, K. J., Endress, P. K., Matthews, M. L., Stevens, P. F., Mathews, S. & Davis, C. C. 2012. Phylogenomics and a posteriori data partitioning resolve the Cretaceous angiosperm radiation Malpighiales. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109: 17519 - 17524. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1205818109" type="journal article" year="2012">Xi & al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D559060FEF701CBFE53" author="Schneider, J. V. & Bissiengou, P. & Amaral, M. C. E. & Fay, M. F. & Thines, M. & Sosef, M. S. M. & Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L." pageId="13" pageNumber="61" pagination="199 - 214" refId="ref22117" refString="Schneider, J. V., Bissiengou, P., Amaral, M. C. E., Fay, M. F., Thines, M., Sosef, M. S. M., Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L. 2014. Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrafamilial classification of the pantropical Ochnaceae s. l. (Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae s. str., Quiinaceae) based on five DNA regions. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 78: 199 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.018" type="journal article" year="2014">Schneider & al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) retrieved Medusagynoideae as sister to Quiinoideae, both sister to Ochnoideae, but with weak to moderate support. This pattern is also observed in the present study, and some uncertainty remains due to the moderate support in the CC analysis. Such clades recalcitrant to phylogenetic resolution may be explained by model misspecification (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D559047FDB70176FD93" author="Eytan, R. I. & Evans, B. R. & Dornburg, A. & Lemmon, A. R. & Lemmon, E. M. & Wainwright, P. C. & Near, T. J." pageId="13" pageNumber="61" refId="ref17409" refString="Eytan, R. I., Evans, B. R., Dornburg, A., Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M., Wainwright, P. C. & Near, T. J. 2015. Are 100 enough? Inferring acanthomorph teleost phylogeny using anchored hybrid enrichment. B. M. C. Evol. Biol. 15: 113. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 015 - 0415 - 0" type="journal volume" year="2015">Eytan & al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), but are more likely due to rapid divergence combined with long branches (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D559124FDF70717FD73" author="Rokas, A. & Carroll, S. B." box="[1057,1308,635,658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" refId="ref20967" refString="Rokas, A. & Carroll, S. B. 2006. Bushes in the tree of life. PLoS Biol. 4 (11): e 352. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pbio. 0040352" type="journal volume" year="2006">Rokas & Carroll, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D55902CFDF70170FD53" author="King, N. & Rokas, A." pageId="13" pageNumber="61" pagination="1081 - R 1088" refId="ref19134" refString="King, N. & Rokas, A. 2017. Embracing uncertainty in reconstructing early animal evolution. Curr. Biol. 27: R 1081 - R 1088. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cub. 2017.08.054" type="journal article" year="2017">King & Rokas, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) as observed in the split of the subfamilies of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D559051FD1707C2FD53" box="[1364,1481,667,690]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ochnaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="900D077A65150D559677FD3706EDFC33" blockId="13.[837,1485,187,1970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
Quiinoideae were recovered with strong support, with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D559640FD5701DBFD13" authority="Pires" authorityName="Pires" box="[837,976,731,754]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Quiinaceae" genus="Froesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D559640FD57019EFD13" box="[837,917,731,754]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Froesia</emphasis>
|
||||
Pires
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
being sister to a clade of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D5591E1FD570794FD13" authority="Ducke" authorityName="Ducke" box="[1252,1439,731,754]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Quiinaceae" genus="Lacunaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D5591E1FD570758FD13" box="[1252,1363,731,754]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Lacunaria</emphasis>
|
||||
Ducke
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D559640FD7701F9FCF3" authority="Aubl." authorityName="Aubl." box="[837,1010,763,786]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Quiinaceae" genus="Touroulia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D559640FD7701A7FCF3" box="[837,940,763,786]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Touroulia</emphasis>
|
||||
Aubl.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
The only missing genus of that subfamily,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D559640FC9701D9FCD3" authority="Aubl." authorityName="Aubl." box="[837,978,795,818]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Quiinaceae" genus="Quiina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D559640FC970184FCD3" box="[837,911,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Quiina</emphasis>
|
||||
Aubl.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, was originally included but was removed during the filtering process because of too many missing data. Nevertheless, the relationships among the Quiinoideae genera were already well resolved in previous studies, with
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D559045FCF70781FC73" box="[1344,1418,891,914]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Quiina</emphasis>
|
||||
being sister to the clade of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D55913FFC1706A2FC53" box="[1082,1193,923,946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Quiinaceae" genus="Lacunaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D55913FFC1706A2FC53" box="[1082,1193,923,946]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Lacunaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D5591E2FC170745FC53" box="[1255,1358,923,946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Quiinaceae" genus="Touroulia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D5591E2FC170745FC53" box="[1255,1358,923,946]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Touroulia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D559064FC1701CBFC33" author="Schneider, J. V. & Bissiengou, P. & Amaral, M. C. E. & Fay, M. F. & Thines, M. & Sosef, M. S. M. & Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L." pageId="13" pageNumber="61" pagination="199 - 214" refId="ref22117" refString="Schneider, J. V., Bissiengou, P., Amaral, M. C. E., Fay, M. F., Thines, M., Sosef, M. S. M., Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L. 2014. Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrafamilial classification of the pantropical Ochnaceae s. l. (Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae s. str., Quiinaceae) based on five DNA regions. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 78: 199 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.018" type="journal article" year="2014">Schneider & al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D5596CEFC3706D0FC33" author="Schneider, J. V. & Zizka, G." box="[971,1243,955,978]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" pagination="855 - 867" refId="ref22005" refString="Schneider, J. V. & Zizka, G. 2017. Phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography of neotropical Quiinoideae (Ochnaceae s. l.). Taxon 66: 855 - 867. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 664.4" type="journal article" year="2017">Schneider & Zizka, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="900D077A65150D559677FC57064DFAF3" blockId="13.[837,1485,187,1970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
The position of the African
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D559197FC5706ECFC13" box="[1170,1255,987,1010]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Testulea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D559197FC5706ECFC13" box="[1170,1255,987,1010]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Testulea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
– the only member of tribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D55967CFC7701EDFBF3" box="[889,998,1019,1042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" rank="tribe" tribe="Testuleeae">Testuleeae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
– as sister to the rest of Ochnoideae was already recovered with maximum support in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D5591D5FB9707C2FBD3" author="Schneider, J. V. & Bissiengou, P. & Amaral, M. C. E. & Fay, M. F. & Thines, M. & Sosef, M. S. M. & Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L." box="[1232,1481,1051,1074]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" pagination="199 - 214" refId="ref22117" refString="Schneider, J. V., Bissiengou, P., Amaral, M. C. E., Fay, M. F., Thines, M., Sosef, M. S. M., Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L. 2014. Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrafamilial classification of the pantropical Ochnaceae s. l. (Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae s. str., Quiinaceae) based on five DNA regions. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 78: 199 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.018" type="journal article" year="2014">Schneider & al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The morphology-based hypothesis that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D5591E8FBB7074FFBB3" box="[1261,1348,1083,1106]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Testulea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D5591E8FBB7074FFBB3" box="[1261,1348,1083,1106]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Testulea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is sister to a clade of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D5596A4FBD70611FB93" box="[929,1050,1115,1138]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Cespedesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D5596A4FBD70611FB93" box="[929,1050,1115,1138]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Cespedesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D55912DFBD70677FB93" box="[1064,1148,1115,1138]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Godoya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D55912DFBD70677FB93" box="[1064,1148,1115,1138]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Godoya</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D55918CFBD7070DFB93" box="[1161,1286,1115,1138]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Krukoviella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D55918CFBD7070DFB93" box="[1161,1286,1115,1138]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Krukoviella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D55903EFBD701E9FB73" authority="(Amaral, 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1991" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Rhytidanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D55903EFBD707C6FB93" box="[1339,1485,1115,1138]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Rhytidanthera</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D559649FBF701D1FB73" author="Amaral, M. C. E." box="[844,986,1147,1170]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" pagination="105 - 196" refId="ref15636" refString="Amaral, M. C. E. 1991. Phylogenetische Systematik der Ochnaceae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 113: 105 - 196." type="journal article" year="1991">Amaral, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is thus rejected.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D559183FBF706D0FB73" box="[1158,1243,1147,1170]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Testulea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D559183FBF706D0FB73" box="[1158,1243,1147,1170]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Testulea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
strongly differs in morphology from the rest of Ochnoideae by having tetramerous flowers with a single bracteole, a single fertile stamen and staminodes fused into a column for two-thirds of their length (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D559649FB770630FAF3" author="Schneider, J. V. & Bissiengou, P. & Amaral, M. C. E. & Fay, M. F. & Thines, M. & Sosef, M. S. M. & Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L." box="[844,1083,1275,1298]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" pagination="199 - 214" refId="ref22117" refString="Schneider, J. V., Bissiengou, P., Amaral, M. C. E., Fay, M. F., Thines, M., Sosef, M. S. M., Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L. 2014. Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrafamilial classification of the pantropical Ochnaceae s. l. (Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae s. str., Quiinaceae) based on five DNA regions. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 78: 199 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.018" type="journal article" year="2014">Schneider & al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
150
data/18/1B/B6/181BB66C65150D569677FA9700A8FEF3.xml
Normal file
150
data/18/1B/B6/181BB66C65150D569677FA9700A8FEF3.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
|
|||
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|
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<mods:titleInfo id="E1B5773BBE89ADB2735204111D7B67AC">
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<mods:title id="A9562AC64125865DA3FB3F4C6C1C1499">Phylogenomics of the tropical plant family Ochnaceae using targeted enrichment of nuclear genes and 250 + taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3740CB35BF9F9DAEEB4C6CA9D4B827D0">Schneider, Julio V.</mods:namePart>
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|
||||
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|
||||
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<mods:namePart id="044E440FAE74D11D98A79E20788B2365">Jungcurt, Tanja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DA80526EDBA352879D84EA3134BB13F4">1,2 * Tanja Jungcurt, & 1,3 * Domingos Cardoso, & 1,3 & Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Mertonstrasse 17 - 21, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany & 1,3 * Domingos Cardoso, & 1,3 & Goethe-University, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="45B9846940399D15798B410DA5ADC9C0">Cardoso, Domingos</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="EA302090F65C16C86A5FEB12A1B6CC34">André Márcio Amorim, & Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Ondina, 40170 - 115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
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<mods:namePart id="615731DABBBF0599BF96334FD8039F1D">Amorim, André Márcio</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="C370C1DCD0D3C50F5887AD3F61986973">5,6 & Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), km 16 Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, 45662 - 900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil & 5,6 & Herbário André Maurício Vieira de Carvalho, CEPEC, CEPLAC, CP 07, CEP 45600 - 970, Itabuna, BA, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="DBEBE2656B7041504A01DBAA6C886DB0">Töpel, Mats</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="56CDE658B55D8BC83A2584A781D603CC">7,8 Tobias Andermann, & University of Gothenburg, Marine Sciences, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden & 7,8 Tobias Andermann, & 8,9 Odile Poncy, & Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
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<mods:namePart id="DCD9331F0DB94E0CBD1D80C4C17872C2">Andermann, Tobias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DD742ABD19399E17C88CC49E23DF4FC5">7,8 Tobias Andermann, & 8,9 Odile Poncy, & Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden & 8,9 Odile Poncy, & University of Gothenburg, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Medicinaregatan 18, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4CE2EC915B36636D4F200E19678E9831">Poncy, Odile</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D40F0B308FDDD875AF9BC3D9B61885D9">Thomas Berberich & Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, Cedex 05, 75231 France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="097FF09AE045DA449256BCDDA1B5E815">Berberich, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F077F59616C62EB05EFB21F77F663964">& Georg Zizka & Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Lab-Center, Georg-Voigt-Strasse</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="CF4CF4BCA6C7335BE4D6DA14E2151E39">1,2 * Tanja Jungcurt, & 1,3 * Domingos Cardoso, & 1,3 & Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Mertonstrasse 17 - 21, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany & 1,3 * Domingos Cardoso, & 1,3 & Goethe-University, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="181BB66C65150D569677FA9700A8FEF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14545448" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14545448" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:181BB66C65150D569677FA9700A8FEF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/181BB66C65150D569677FA9700A8FEF3" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D559677FA970629FAD2" box="[882,1058,1307,1331]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Luxemburgieae">Luxemburgieae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D559129FA91064CFAD3" bold="true" box="[1068,1095,1309,1330]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">—</emphasis>
|
||||
The neotropical Luxemburgieae consists of two genera,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D55910AFAB70691FAB3" box="[1039,1178,1339,1362]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Luxemburgia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D55910AFAB70691FAB3" box="[1039,1178,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Luxemburgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D5591CEFAB7077CFAB3" authority="Dwyer." authorityName="Dwyer." box="[1227,1399,1339,1362]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Philacra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D5591CEFAB7072EFAB3" box="[1227,1317,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Philacra</emphasis>
|
||||
Dwyer.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
The latter was included in the original sampling for the present study but did not pass the final filtering. However, there is strong support for this clade from morphology (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D5591DEFA17077AFA53" author="Amaral, M. C. E." box="[1243,1393,1435,1458]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" pagination="105 - 196" refId="ref15636" refString="Amaral, M. C. E. 1991. Phylogenetische Systematik der Ochnaceae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 113: 105 - 196." type="journal article" year="1991">Amaral, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D55907AFA1701F8FA33" author="Amaral, M. C. E. & Bittrich, V." pageId="13" pageNumber="61" refId="ref15715" refString="Amaral, M. C. E. & Bittrich, V. 2014. Ochnaceae. Pp. 253 - 268 in: Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The families and genera of vascular plants, vol. 11. Heidelberg: Springer. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 39417 - 1 _ 19" type="book" year="2014">Amaral & Bittrich, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and molecular data (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D5591D3FA3707C9FA33" author="Schneider, J. V. & Bissiengou, P. & Amaral, M. C. E. & Fay, M. F. & Thines, M. & Sosef, M. S. M. & Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L." box="[1238,1474,1467,1490]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" pagination="199 - 214" refId="ref22117" refString="Schneider, J. V., Bissiengou, P., Amaral, M. C. E., Fay, M. F., Thines, M., Sosef, M. S. M., Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L. 2014. Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrafamilial classification of the pantropical Ochnaceae s. l. (Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae s. str., Quiinaceae) based on five DNA regions. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 78: 199 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.018" type="journal article" year="2014">Schneider & al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Both genera are characterized by flowers that are obliquely zygomorphic already in bud. Their stamens surround the ovary only adaxially, and the filaments are basally or completely fused; staminodes are absent (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D559178F9B70788F9B3" author="Amaral, M. C. E. & Bittrich, V." box="[1149,1411,1595,1618]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" refId="ref15715" refString="Amaral, M. C. E. & Bittrich, V. 2014. Ochnaceae. Pp. 253 - 268 in: Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The families and genera of vascular plants, vol. 11. Heidelberg: Springer. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 39417 - 1 _ 19" type="book" year="2014">Amaral & Bittrich, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
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).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D559677F9D701F6F993" box="[882,1021,1627,1650]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Luxemburgia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D559677F9D701F6F993" box="[882,1021,1627,1650]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Luxemburgia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a Brazilian endemic and contains 20 species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D559678F9F701F6F973" author="Feres, F." box="[893,1021,1659,1682]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" refId="ref17761" refString="Feres, F. 2001. O genero Luxemburgia A. St. - Hil. (Ochnaceae) - Revisao taxonomica e estudo cladistico. Dissertation. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil." type="book" year="2001">Feres, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D55910FF9F70648F973" author="Feres, F." box="[1034,1091,1659,1682]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" pagination="653 - 659" refId="ref17798" refString="Feres, F. 2010. New species of Luxemburgia A. St. - Hil. (Ochnaceae). Revista Brasil. Bot. 33: 653 - 659. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 84042010000400013" type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The only comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study to date (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D559158F91706D3F953" author="Feres, F." box="[1117,1240,1691,1714]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" refId="ref17761" refString="Feres, F. 2001. O genero Luxemburgia A. St. - Hil. (Ochnaceae) - Revisao taxonomica e estudo cladistico. Dissertation. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil." type="book" year="2001">Feres, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) was based on the internal transcribed spacer region only and did not provide any phylogenetic resolution. In the same study, a morphological cladistic analysis retrieved two main clades, separating species based on the presence or absence of a petiole, a character that was already used by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65150D5596F4F8B706A8F8B3" author="Beauverd, G." box="[1009,1187,1851,1874]" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" pagination="232 - 250" refId="ref16046" refString="Beauverd, G. 1915. La genre Luxemburgia Saint-Hilaire. Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, ser. 2, 7: 232 - 250." type="journal article" year="1915">Beauverd (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
for his infrageneric classification. However, the poor phylogenetic resolution in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965150D559078F8D70180F873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Luxemburgia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865150D559078F8D70180F873" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="61">Luxemburgia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the present study precludes the evaluation of this phylogenetic hypothesis. The poor resolution, even with the increased molecular data of this study, is most likely the result of a recent and rapid diversification, a scenario that is supported by divergence time estimation (Schneider & al., 2017).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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</emphasis>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
575
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Normal file
575
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@ -0,0 +1,575 @@
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<mods:affiliation id="9167D74E6A9CB9B679620D360E19FC40">7,8 Tobias Andermann, & University of Gothenburg, Marine Sciences, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden & 7,8 Tobias Andermann, & 8,9 Odile Poncy, & Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="77657A11D40D539D889CC900DFD6E3D5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="373D7CC89D45EA83DB3CC32D3782413A">Andermann, Tobias</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="3E197B0E2F57B580E929FD20583A9096">7,8 Tobias Andermann, & 8,9 Odile Poncy, & Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden & 8,9 Odile Poncy, & University of Gothenburg, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Medicinaregatan 18, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="555380FB40DEFD9CDF1E852C99006010" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CB64924C4AC271A2DC5A3DD4262DA7F1">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="1046016D3F8BEAA7C37C0961B7AD5573">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="FA22B8622DBF812774312B17D7BA50AA">Poncy, Odile</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="0B7A59E756B64B20E8149F0219A34190">Thomas Berberich & Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, Cedex 05, 75231 France</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="4842E04C31C20CBBE5499C7232A21D63" type="personal">
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||||
<mods:roleTerm id="D3FDD9B7E00A8C4639B2B2412E7300CE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="688A7FD8CB759D05CE09016DCACD2099">Berberich, Thomas</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="4D0CB10F0D0C7D72B40E0BF1E27DF1F3">& Georg Zizka & Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Lab-Center, Georg-Voigt-Strasse</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="8844D28038AD09EA34637B89DD5A8437" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="E2E66239E27A0E0C7BFD483228B86D88">
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||||
<mods:roleTerm id="52B2B24FEE0B1D2B73FABB5B7FDDDDE5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="78FBF306C8FF57326CBD341CF6834162">Zizka, Georg</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="407172D750DDA6B3712AF5E6438FB203">1,2 * Tanja Jungcurt, & 1,3 * Domingos Cardoso, & 1,3 & Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Mertonstrasse 17 - 21, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany & 1,3 * Domingos Cardoso, & 1,3 & Goethe-University, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="A9FC4A51628E06591F1D4E49AC4F4EF3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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||||
<mods:titleInfo id="632058DE065F912587AB82E1DD2331E2">
|
||||
<mods:title id="7526313EA6D5CD57BDBD11A281B3D403">TAXON</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="207068E56F8B5115C22A459B4F12F7B6">
|
||||
<mods:date id="CB9E75058BFA422088AE1EEC55DB83AD">2021</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="1318A94F8F512409E3476EB6358D5592" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="134E9119735994CBF204A24EC3868811">2021-02-28</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="BAB949ACB3FA6E8EE9997FDDE6970906" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="01B765119DEFAFE08006465C63E25CCC">70</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="BAC1BBDE75639D0F26E236088BE050F6" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="C9A71BDA2F818674DB2B41D1F0A1ADD4">1</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="F4C7F071182D80CCBA918D4D90C8AB95" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="2F71D951E37925F5BEA8663B2CC40CE7">48</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="30E9A2AF588A25B0F68A9BA3CE3F4671">71</mods:end>
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:location id="67B53A09F9F0073F57B37015E3D80779">
|
||||
<mods:url id="DD320961CDBCFDF2C737E79EB58ECD95">http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.12421</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="699E9A4BADCF1C0D4C98DD636087EA45">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="AD0181495726808D77D5201AFAFF86C1" type="DOI">10.1002/tax.12421</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="9DB3594BC52055BCE486CFAFFB9CBF6C" type="ISSN">1996-8175</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="21700651440F97926C0959DE8170E5B0" type="Zenodo-Dep">14047350</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="181BB66C65160D579591FE9703A2FC13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14545450" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14545450" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:181BB66C65160D579591FE9703A2FC13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/181BB66C65160D579591FE9703A2FC13" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569591FE97035FFED3" bold="true" box="[148,340,283,307]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D8A854F165160D569591FE970339FED2" box="[148,306,283,307]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="900D077A65160D569591FE970339FED2" blockId="14.[103,751,187,1970]" box="[148,306,283,307]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569591FE970325FED2" box="[148,302,283,307]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subfamily" subFamily="Sauvagesieae">Sauvagesieae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D8A854F165160D57943CFE9103A2FC13" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="900D077A65160D56943CFE910367FA93" blockId="14.[103,751,187,1970]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D56943CFE91035FFED3" bold="true" box="[313,340,285,306]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">—</emphasis>
|
||||
Sauvagesieae is a blend of neotropical and palaeotropical taxa and was recovered as sister to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569789FEB700E0FEB3" box="[652,747,315,338]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Ochneae">Ochneae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. This sister-group relationship received maximum support in the FAM analysis but much weaker support in the SLT analysis, which may be due to the relatively high amount of missing data of the two representative species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569711FE37007BFE33" box="[532,624,443,466]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Ochneae">Ochneae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the latter (see Methods). In
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D569424FE570004FE13" author="Schneider, J. V. & Bissiengou, P. & Amaral, M. C. E. & Fay, M. F. & Thines, M. & Sosef, M. S. M. & Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L." box="[289,527,475,498]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="199 - 214" refId="ref22117" refString="Schneider, J. V., Bissiengou, P., Amaral, M. C. E., Fay, M. F., Thines, M., Sosef, M. S. M., Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L. 2014. Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrafamilial classification of the pantropical Ochnaceae s. l. (Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae s. str., Quiinaceae) based on five DNA regions. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 78: 199 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.018" type="journal article" year="2014">Schneider & al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, the neotropical
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5697B2FE5702D8FDF3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Blastemanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5697B2FE5702D8FDF3" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Blastemanthus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
came out as sister to the remaining Sauvagesieae. A moderately supported clade united the neotropical genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569562FDB702B2FDB3" box="[103,185,571,594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Godoya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569562FDB702B2FDB3" box="[103,185,571,594]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Godoya</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5695C0FDB70334FDB3" box="[197,319,571,594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Krukoviella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5695C0FDB70334FDB3" box="[197,319,571,594]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Krukoviella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D56944FFDB703CAFDB3" box="[330,449,571,594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Cespedesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D56944FFDB703CAFDB3" box="[330,449,571,594]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Cespedesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5694F5FDB70088FDB3" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[496,643,571,594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Rhytidanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5694F5FDB70088FDB3" box="[496,643,571,594]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Rhytidanthera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and these were sister to a clade of the African
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5694E5FDD7005EFD93" box="[480,597,603,626]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Fleurydora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5694E5FDD7005EFD93" box="[480,597,603,626]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Fleurydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and a clade of the remaining genera of that tribe. In the present study,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5697A0FDF702CBFD53" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Blastemanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5697A0FDF702CBFD53" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Blastemanthus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is sister to and forms a strongly supported clade together with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5695F1FD37034DFD33" box="[244,326,699,722]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Godoya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5695F1FD37034DFD33" box="[244,326,699,722]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Godoya</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569456FD3703C6FD33" box="[339,461,699,722]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Krukoviella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569456FD3703C6FD33" box="[339,461,699,722]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Krukoviella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5694DCFD370044FD33" box="[473,591,699,722]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Cespedesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5694DCFD370044FD33" box="[473,591,699,722]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Cespedesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D56975EFD3700E5FD33" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[603,750,699,722]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Rhytidanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D56975EFD3700E5FD33" box="[603,750,699,722]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Rhytidanthera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569597FD57030CFD13" box="[146,263,731,754]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Fleurydora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569597FD57030CFD13" box="[146,263,731,754]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Fleurydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The African
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569491FD570002FD13" box="[404,521,731,754]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Fleurydora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569491FD570002FD13" box="[404,521,731,754]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Fleurydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is sister to the remainder, which are all neotropical, with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5694D9FD770064FCF3" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[476,623,763,786]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Rhytidanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5694D9FD770064FCF3" box="[476,623,763,786]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Rhytidanthera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
retrieved as sister to a poorly resolved clade of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5694E1FC97003DFCD3" box="[484,566,795,818]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Godoya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5694E1FC97003DFCD3" box="[484,566,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Godoya</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569743FC9700CBFCD3" box="[582,704,795,818]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Krukoviella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569743FC9700CBFCD3" box="[582,704,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Krukoviella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569562FCB702D6FCB3" box="[103,221,827,850]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Cespedesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569562FCB702D6FCB3" box="[103,221,827,850]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Cespedesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. This confirms the findings of a recent study based on five DNA regions (Reinales & Parra-O., 2020). There is also support from morphology for this clade:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D56970AFCF7006AFC73" box="[527,609,891,914]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Godoya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D56970AFCF7006AFC73" box="[527,609,891,914]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Godoya</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D56976BFCF700E3FC73" box="[622,744,891,914]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Krukoviella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D56976BFCF700E3FC73" box="[622,744,891,914]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Krukoviella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569562FC1702EBFC53" box="[103,224,923,946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Cespedesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569562FC1702EBFC53" box="[103,224,923,946]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Cespedesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D56941DFC1703A4FC53" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[280,431,923,946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Rhytidanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D56941DFC1703A4FC53" box="[280,431,923,946]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Rhytidanthera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are all united, among others, by the same carpel and ovule numbers, the coriaceous capsules with alate seeds and a peculiar leaf venation with scalariform net-like third-order veins (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D5694C4FC770052FBF3" author="Amaral, M. C. E." box="[449,601,1019,1042]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="105 - 196" refId="ref15636" refString="Amaral, M. C. E. 1991. Phylogenetische Systematik der Ochnaceae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 113: 105 - 196." type="journal article" year="1991">Amaral, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D569762FC7702C2FBD3" author="Schneider, J. V. & Bissiengou, P. & Amaral, M. C. E. & Fay, M. F. & Thines, M. & Sosef, M. S. M. & Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L." pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="199 - 214" refId="ref22117" refString="Schneider, J. V., Bissiengou, P., Amaral, M. C. E., Fay, M. F., Thines, M., Sosef, M. S. M., Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L. 2014. Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrafamilial classification of the pantropical Ochnaceae s. l. (Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae s. str., Quiinaceae) based on five DNA regions. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 78: 199 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.018" type="journal article" year="2014">Schneider & al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; Schneider & al., 2017). In addition to its position as sister to the remaining three genera,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569727FBB700B2FBB3" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[546,697,1083,1106]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Rhytidanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569727FBB700B2FBB3" box="[546,697,1083,1106]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Rhytidanthera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also exhibits an odd morphology. It is the only genus with pinnately compound leaves in the subfamily. All four genera also share the presence of colleters (i.e., glandular hairs) on stipules, bracts and sepals (lost on sepals in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569715FB370082FB33" box="[528,649,1211,1234]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Cespedesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569715FB370082FB33" box="[528,649,1211,1234]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Cespedesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5697B9FB3702B1FB13" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Krukoviella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5697B9FB3702B1FB13" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Krukoviella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; Reinales & Parra-O., 2020). Flower zygomorphy only at anthesis (in contrast to its presence already in bud as in Luxemburgieae) unites this clade with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5694DAFA970076FAD3" box="[479,637,1307,1330]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Blastemanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5694DAFA970076FAD3" box="[479,637,1307,1330]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Blastemanthus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5697B0FA9702A4FAB3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Fleurydora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5697B0FA9702A4FAB3" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Fleurydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but this character was identified as plesiomorphic (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D56956BFAD7036BFA93" author="Schneider, J. V. & Bissiengou, P. & Amaral, M. C. E. & Fay, M. F. & Thines, M. & Sosef, M. S. M. & Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L." box="[110,352,1371,1394]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="199 - 214" refId="ref22117" refString="Schneider, J. V., Bissiengou, P., Amaral, M. C. E., Fay, M. F., Thines, M., Sosef, M. S. M., Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L. 2014. Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrafamilial classification of the pantropical Ochnaceae s. l. (Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae s. str., Quiinaceae) based on five DNA regions. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 78: 199 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.018" type="journal article" year="2014">Schneider & al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="900D077A65160D569591FAF70616FCD3" blockId="14.[103,751,187,1970]" lastBlockId="14.[789,1437,187,1970]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
The sister clade of these Sauvagesieae genera comprises a clade of the neotropical
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569468FA1703E0FA53" box="[365,491,1435,1458]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Poecilandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569468FA1703E0FA53" box="[365,491,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Poecilandra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569726FA170089FA53" box="[547,642,1435,1458]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Wallacea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569726FA170089FA53" box="[547,642,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Wallacea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which in turn is sister to the remaining Sauvagesieae, congruent with the findings of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D56940AFA57000EFA13" author="Schneider, J. V. & Bissiengou, P. & Amaral, M. C. E. & Fay, M. F. & Thines, M. & Sosef, M. S. M. & Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L." box="[271,517,1499,1522]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="199 - 214" refId="ref22117" refString="Schneider, J. V., Bissiengou, P., Amaral, M. C. E., Fay, M. F., Thines, M., Sosef, M. S. M., Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L. 2014. Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrafamilial classification of the pantropical Ochnaceae s. l. (Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae s. str., Quiinaceae) based on five DNA regions. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 78: 199 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.018" type="journal article" year="2014">Schneider & al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and the morphology-based cladistic analysis of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D569486FA770029F9F3" author="Amaral, M. C. E." box="[387,546,1531,1554]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="105 - 196" refId="ref15636" refString="Amaral, M. C. E. 1991. Phylogenetische Systematik der Ochnaceae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 113: 105 - 196." type="journal article" year="1991">Amaral (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Both genera share retuse or emarginate leaves, very dense and closely parallel secondary veins, many leaf traces, and anthers covered by wax crystals (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D5695C6F9D7035EF993" author="Amaral, M. C. E." box="[195,341,1627,1650]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="105 - 196" refId="ref15636" refString="Amaral, M. C. E. 1991. Phylogenetische Systematik der Ochnaceae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 113: 105 - 196." type="journal article" year="1991">Amaral, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; Schneider & al., 2017). The remaining Sauvagesieae fell into two main clades, an Asian clade and a neotropical clade. The Asian clade comprises
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D56975CF91700E5F953" box="[601,750,1691,1714]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Schuurmansia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D56975CF91700E5F953" box="[601,750,1691,1714]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Schuurmansia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D56959DF937034CF933" box="[152,327,1723,1746]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Schuurmansiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D56959DF937034CF933" box="[152,327,1723,1746]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Schuurmansiella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as sister to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5694D6F9370010F933" box="[467,539,1723,1746]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Neckia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5694D6F9370010F933" box="[467,539,1723,1746]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Neckia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569729F9370087F933" box="[556,652,1723,1746]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Euthemis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569729F9370087F933" box="[556,652,1723,1746]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Euthemis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and the two genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5695E5F9570345F913" box="[224,334,1755,1778]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Indovethia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5695E5F9570345F913" box="[224,334,1755,1778]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Indovethia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569487F95703EFF913" box="[386,484,1755,1778]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Indosinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569487F95703EFF913" box="[386,484,1755,1778]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Indosinia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which were included for the first time in a molecular phylogenetic study. This relationship is in contrast to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D569441F8970033F8D3" author="Schneider, J. V. & Bissiengou, P. & Amaral, M. C. E. & Fay, M. F. & Thines, M. & Sosef, M. S. M. & Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L." box="[324,568,1819,1842]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="199 - 214" refId="ref22117" refString="Schneider, J. V., Bissiengou, P., Amaral, M. C. E., Fay, M. F., Thines, M., Sosef, M. S. M., Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L. 2014. Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrafamilial classification of the pantropical Ochnaceae s. l. (Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae s. str., Quiinaceae) based on five DNA regions. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 78: 199 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.018" type="journal article" year="2014">Schneider & al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, in which
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5697A2F89700E4F8D3" box="[679,751,1819,1842]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Neckia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5697A2F89700E4F8D3" box="[679,751,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Neckia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was sister to the neotropical and Asian clades, albeit support was weak to moderate in the Asian clades in that study. The clade of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5695C6F8F70353F873" box="[195,344,1915,1938]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Schuurmansia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5695C6F8F70353F873" box="[195,344,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Schuurmansia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D56948BF8F70036F873" box="[398,573,1915,1938]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Schuurmansiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D56948BF8F70036F873" box="[398,573,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Schuurmansiella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was found in an earlier morphology-based study, supported by the shared presence of a papillose seed surface (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D569191FF370723FF33" author="Amaral, M. C. E." box="[1172,1320,187,210]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="105 - 196" refId="ref15636" refString="Amaral, M. C. E. 1991. Phylogenetische Systematik der Ochnaceae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 113: 105 - 196." type="journal article" year="1991">Amaral, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The position of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D56965BFF5701CBFF13" box="[862,960,219,242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Indosinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D56965BFF5701CBFF13" box="[862,960,219,242]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Indosinia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in a clade together with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5691BCFF570711FF13" box="[1209,1306,219,242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Euthemis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5691BCFF570711FF13" box="[1209,1306,219,242]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Euthemis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D56904FFF57016AFEF3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Schuurmansia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D56904FFF57016AFEF3" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Schuurmansia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is also supported by morphology because all three share a similar exine structure (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D569121FE9706B1FED3" author="Amaral, M. C. E." box="[1060,1210,283,306]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="105 - 196" refId="ref15636" refString="Amaral, M. C. E. 1991. Phylogenetische Systematik der Ochnaceae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 113: 105 - 196." type="journal article" year="1991">Amaral, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Hence, the clade of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569610FEB7017CFEB3" box="[789,887,315,338]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Indosinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569610FEB7017CFEB3" box="[789,887,315,338]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Indosinia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5696AFFEB70612FEB3" box="[938,1049,315,338]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Adenarake" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5696AFFEB70612FEB3" box="[938,1049,315,338]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Adenarake</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
retrieved in a morphology-based cladistic analysis and predicated on the shared presence of an androgynophore and valvate sepals was obviously the result of homoplastic characters as already suspected by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D56904AFE170156FE33" author="Amaral, M. C. E." pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="105 - 196" refId="ref15636" refString="Amaral, M. C. E. 1991. Phylogenetische Systematik der Ochnaceae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 113: 105 - 196." type="journal article" year="1991">Amaral (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The neotropical clade includes
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5691AEFE3706FFFE33" box="[1195,1268,443,466]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Tyleria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5691AEFE3706FFFE33" box="[1195,1268,443,466]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Tyleria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569023FE370797FE33" box="[1318,1436,443,466]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569023FE370797FE33" box="[1318,1436,443,466]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Sauvagesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569648FE5701B7FE13" box="[845,956,475,498]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Adenarake" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569648FE5701B7FE13" box="[845,956,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Adenarake</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
nested within the latter.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5691CFFE570718FE13" box="[1226,1299,475,498]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Tyleria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5691CFFE570718FE13" box="[1226,1299,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Tyleria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
includes the formerly separate genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569117FE7706D2FDF3" authority="Maguire" authorityName="Maguire" box="[1042,1241,507,530]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Adenanthe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569117FE770676FDF3" box="[1042,1149,507,530]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Adenanthe</emphasis>
|
||||
Maguire
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
& al. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569021FE770193FDD3" authority="Maguire" authorityName="Maguire" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Adenanthe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicarpellata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569021FE770137FDD3" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">A. bicarpellata</emphasis>
|
||||
Maguire
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
& al.;
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5696E6FD91069CFDD3" box="[995,1175,539,562]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
≡
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5696FFFD97069CFDD3" box="[1018,1175,539,562]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Adenanthe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicarpellata">T. bicarpellata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(Maguire & al.) M.C.E. Amaral) in agreement with previous findings from morphological and molecular studies (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D56917BFDD70715FD93" author="Amaral, M. C. E." box="[1150,1310,603,626]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="105 - 196" refId="ref15636" refString="Amaral, M. C. E. 1991. Phylogenetische Systematik der Ochnaceae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 113: 105 - 196." type="journal article" year="1991">Amaral, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D569036FDD7019FFD73" author="Schneider, J. V. & Bissiengou, P. & Amaral, M. C. E. & Fay, M. F. & Thines, M. & Sosef, M. S. M. & Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L." pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="199 - 214" refId="ref22117" refString="Schneider, J. V., Bissiengou, P., Amaral, M. C. E., Fay, M. F., Thines, M., Sosef, M. S. M., Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L. 2014. Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrafamilial classification of the pantropical Ochnaceae s. l. (Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae s. str., Quiinaceae) based on five DNA regions. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 78: 199 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.018" type="journal article" year="2014">Schneider & al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). All three genera share a reticulate-striate exine sculpture (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D56968EFD170622FD53" author="Amaral, M. C. E." box="[907,1065,667,690]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="105 - 196" refId="ref15636" refString="Amaral, M. C. E. 1991. Phylogenetische Systematik der Ochnaceae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 113: 105 - 196." type="journal article" year="1991">Amaral, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In contrast to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D5691ECFD170154FD33" author="Schneider, J. V. & Bissiengou, P. & Amaral, M. C. E. & Fay, M. F. & Thines, M. & Sosef, M. S. M. & Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L." pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="199 - 214" refId="ref22117" refString="Schneider, J. V., Bissiengou, P., Amaral, M. C. E., Fay, M. F., Thines, M., Sosef, M. S. M., Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L. 2014. Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrafamilial classification of the pantropical Ochnaceae s. l. (Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae s. str., Quiinaceae) based on five DNA regions. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 78: 199 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.018" type="journal article" year="2014">Schneider & al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, the support for all the relationships along the backbone of this part of Sauvagesieae is consistently high, thus providing strong arguments in favour of the here presented phylogenetic hypothesis.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="900D077A65160D579647FCB00388FE93" blockId="14.[789,1437,187,1970]" lastBlockId="15.[151,799,187,1970]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569647FCB0065EFCB3" bold="true" box="[834,1109,827,851]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569647FCB001B7FCB3" box="[834,956,828,850]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569647FCB001B7FCB3" bold="true" box="[834,956,828,850]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Sauvagesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and allies.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D56913FFCB1065EFCB3" bold="true" box="[1082,1109,829,850]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">—</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The circumscription of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569056FCB70146FC93" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569056FCB70146FC93" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Sauvagesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has changed considerably over time. Early allies were the genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D56968BFCF7071BFC73" authority="Vell. and Leitgebia Eichl." authorityName="Vell. and Leitgebia Eichl." box="[910,1296,891,914]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Lavradia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D56968BFCF701E5FC73" box="[910,1006,891,914]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Lavradia</emphasis>
|
||||
Vell. and
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569161FCF706C3FC73" box="[1124,1224,891,914]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Leitgebia</emphasis>
|
||||
Eichl.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
that differed from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D56964AFC1701CCFC53" box="[847,967,923,946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D56964AFC1701CCFC53" box="[847,967,923,946]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Sauvagesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the structure of the external whorl of free staminodes and the internal whorl of fused or free and overlapping petaloid staminodes that form a corona enveloping the reproductive organs (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D5696EBFC7706B2FBF3" author="Saint-Hilaire, A. de" box="[1006,1209,1019,1042]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" refId="ref21065" refString="Saint-Hilaire, A. de 1824. Monographie des genres Sauvagesia et Lavradia. Pp. 1 - 79 in: Histoire de plantes les plus remarquables du Bresil et du Paraguay, vol. 1. Paris: chez A. Belin. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 164083" type="book" year="1824">Saint-Hilaire, 1824</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D5691C7FC77075BFBF3" author="Eichler, A. W." box="[1218,1360,1019,1042]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" refId="ref17146" refString="Eichler, A. W. 1871 (" 1841 - 1872 "). Sauvagesiaceae. Pp. 397 - 420 in: Martius, K. F. P. von (ed.), Flora Brasiliensis, vol. 13 (1). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: apud Frid. Fleischer. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 454" type="book" year="1871">Eichler, 1871</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Later,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D569610FB9701BAFBD3" author="Gleason, H. A." box="[789,945,1051,1074]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="391 - 394" refId="ref18039" refString="Gleason, H. A. 1931. Ochnaceae. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 391 - 394. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2480693" type="journal article" year="1931">Gleason (1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D5696BFFB9701FBFBD3" author="Gleason, H. A." box="[954,1008,1051,1074]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="39 - 40" refId="ref18071" refString="Gleason, H. A. 1933. Leitgebia and Roraimanthus. Phytologia 1: 39 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 18987" type="journal article" year="1933">1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) added the genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5691B6FB97063BFBB3" authority="Gleason and Roraimanthus Gleason" authorityName="Gleason and Roraimanthus Gleason" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Pentaspatella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5691B6FB97074AFBD3" box="[1203,1345,1051,1074]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Pentaspatella</emphasis>
|
||||
Gleason and
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569644FBB701DEFBB3" box="[833,981,1083,1106]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Roraimanthus</emphasis>
|
||||
Gleason
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(the latter a segregate of
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569034FBB7079FFBB3" box="[1329,1428,1083,1106]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Leitgebia</emphasis>
|
||||
) that also differed in minor characters from core
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569006FBD70771FB93" box="[1283,1402,1115,1138]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569006FBD70771FB93" box="[1283,1402,1115,1138]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Sauvagesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In subsequent treatments based on evidence from numerical taxonomy,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D569669FB1701FDFB53" author="Sastre, C." box="[876,1014,1179,1202]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="497 - 516" refId="ref21198" refString="Sastre, C. 1970. Recherches sur les Ochnacees. II. Les especes de Sauvagesia L. a placentation basale. Caldasia 10: 497 - 516." type="journal article" year="1970">Sastre (1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D569101FB170630FB53" author="Sastre, C." box="[1028,1083,1179,1202]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="9 - 44" refId="ref21228" refString="Sastre, C. 1971. Essai de taxonomie numerique et schema evolutif du genre Sauvagesia L. Sellowia 23: 9 - 44." type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D56914FFB17068BFB53" author="Sastre, C." box="[1098,1152,1179,1202]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" refId="ref21253" refString="Sastre, C. 1973. Monographie du genre Sauvagesia: Son evolution. These d' Etat. Universite Paris, France." type="book" year="1973">1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) expanded the concept of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569610FB370187FB33" box="[789,908,1211,1234]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569610FB370187FB33" box="[789,908,1211,1234]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Sauvagesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by putting all the allied genera mentioned above in its synonymy. Moreover, he expanded the circumscription by also including the SE Asian genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5691A7FB7706E0FAF3" box="[1186,1259,1275,1298]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Neckia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5691A7FB7706E0FAF3" box="[1186,1259,1275,1298]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Neckia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, thereby making this genus fully pantropical. This concept of an expanded
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569069FA97016DFAB3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569069FA97016DFAB3" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Sauvagesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was supported by Amaral’ s (1991) morphology-based cladistic analysis, which also added a second SE Asian genus,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569610FAF7018DFA73" box="[789,902,1403,1426]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Indovethia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569610FAF7018DFA73" box="[789,902,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Indovethia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, to the list of synonyms. The most recent expansion of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569660FA1701D5FA53" box="[869,990,1435,1458]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569660FA1701D5FA53" box="[869,990,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Sauvagesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was the inclusion of the Chinese endemic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569610FA370147FA33" box="[789,844,1467,1490]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569610FA370147FA33" box="[789,844,1467,1490]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Sinia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
because of similarities in flower and seed morphology (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D569619FA5701BBFA13" author="Amaral, M. C. E." box="[796,944,1499,1522]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref15663" refString="Amaral, M. C. E. 2006. Inclusion of Sinia in Sauvagesia (Ochnaceae). Novon 16: 1 - 2. https: // doi. org / 10.3417 / 1055 - 3177 (2006) 16 [1: IOSISO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">Amaral, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This concept was challenged first by the molecular phylogenetic analysis of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D569149FA770732F9F3" author="Schneider, J. V. & Bissiengou, P. & Amaral, M. C. E. & Fay, M. F. & Thines, M. & Sosef, M. S. M. & Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L." box="[1100,1337,1531,1554]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="199 - 214" refId="ref22117" refString="Schneider, J. V., Bissiengou, P., Amaral, M. C. E., Fay, M. F., Thines, M., Sosef, M. S. M., Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L. 2014. Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrafamilial classification of the pantropical Ochnaceae s. l. (Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae s. str., Quiinaceae) based on five DNA regions. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 78: 199 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.018" type="journal article" year="2014">Schneider & al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, in which
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569610F99701E8F9D3" box="[789,995,1563,1586]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569610F99701E8F9D3" box="[789,995,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Sauvagesia serrata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569110F9970656F9D3" box="[1045,1117,1563,1586]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Neckia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569110F9970656F9D3" box="[1045,1117,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Neckia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) appeared independent from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569610F9B70180F9B3" box="[789,907,1595,1618]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569610F9B70180F9B3" box="[789,907,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Sauvagesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In the present study, we also included
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569035F9B70796F9B3" box="[1328,1437,1595,1618]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Indovethia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569035F9B70796F9B3" box="[1328,1437,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Indovethia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(i.e.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569655F9D70748F993" authority="(Boerl.) M. C. E. Amaral" authorityName="M. C. E. Amaral" baseAuthorityName="Boerl." box="[848,1347,1627,1650]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calophylla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569655F9D70636F993" box="[848,1085,1627,1650]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Sauvagesia calophylla</emphasis>
|
||||
(Boerl.) M.C.E.Amaral
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), which also came out as independent from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5691A7F9F70710F973" box="[1186,1307,1659,1682]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5691A7F9F70710F973" box="[1186,1307,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Sauvagesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D56902EF9F70797F973" box="[1323,1436,1659,1682]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Indovethia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D56902EF9F70797F973" box="[1323,1436,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Indovethia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is sister to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5696A5F9170608F953" box="[928,1027,1691,1714]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Euthemis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5696A5F9170608F953" box="[928,1027,1691,1714]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Euthemis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D56914BF917069CF953" box="[1102,1175,1691,1714]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Neckia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D56914BF917069CF953" box="[1102,1175,1691,1714]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Neckia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is sister to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569034F917079EF953" box="[1329,1429,1691,1714]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Indosinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569034F917079EF953" box="[1329,1429,1691,1714]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Indosinia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, although both relationships received weak to moderate support only. Thus, at least some of the morphological traits that were thought to unite all the above genera under an expanded concept of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D56968EF897060FF8D3" box="[907,1028,1819,1842]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D56968EF897060FF8D3" box="[907,1028,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Sauvagesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are most likely homoplastic, as observed for some characters of diagnostic value in the ancestral state reconstructions in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65160D569113F8D70719F893" author="Schneider, J. V. & Bissiengou, P. & Amaral, M. C. E. & Fay, M. F. & Thines, M. & Sosef, M. S. M. & Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L." box="[1046,1298,1883,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" pagination="199 - 214" refId="ref22117" refString="Schneider, J. V., Bissiengou, P., Amaral, M. C. E., Fay, M. F., Thines, M., Sosef, M. S. M., Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L. 2014. Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrafamilial classification of the pantropical Ochnaceae s. l. (Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae s. str., Quiinaceae) based on five DNA regions. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 78: 199 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.018" type="journal article" year="2014">Schneider & al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. As a consequence of the present study,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D569155F8F706CAF873" box="[1104,1217,1915,1938]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Indovethia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D569155F8F706CAF873" box="[1104,1217,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Indovethia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965160D5691FEF8F7074FF873" box="[1275,1348,1915,1938]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Neckia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865160D5691FEF8F7074FF873" box="[1275,1348,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="62">Neckia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have to be kept as own genera. These are important findings because it does not only require a change in the circumscription of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579592FF57031BFF13" box="[151,272,219,242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579592FF57031BFF13" box="[151,272,219,242]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Sauvagesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but it also has immediate consequences for the interpretation of the historical biogeography of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5797A6FF770110FEF3" box="[675,795,251,274]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ochnaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The position of the third Asian representative of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5797A0FE970115FED3" box="[677,798,283,306]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5797A0FE970115FED3" box="[677,798,283,306]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Sauvagesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(i.e.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5795CBFEB7030EFEB3" box="[206,261,315,338]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5795CBFEB7030EFEB3" box="[206,261,315,338]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Sinia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) could not be clarified here because of the lack of material for our study.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="900D077A65170D5795C1FEF703A2FC13" blockId="15.[151,799,187,1970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
For the first time, two distinct clades were retrieved for core
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5795C8FE17034EFE53" box="[205,325,411,434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5795C8FE17034EFE53" box="[205,325,411,434]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Sauvagesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
here. One comprises the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="4F09B9D865170D579758FE170086FE53" box="[605,653,411,434]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D57979FFE1700F3FE53" box="[666,760,411,434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D57979FFE1700F3FE53" box="[666,760,411,434]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">S. erecta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L., and allies, including representatives of the former separate genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5795E1FE5700A4FE13" authority=", Roraimanthus and Leitgebia" authorityName="Roraimanthus and Leitgebia" box="[228,687,475,498]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Pentaspatella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5795E1FE570378FE13" box="[228,371,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Pentaspatella</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579487FE57001CFE13" box="[386,535,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Roraimanthus</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D57974EFE5700A4FE13" box="[587,687,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Leitgebia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(clade B). This clade is sister to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579489FE7703F6FDF3" box="[396,509,507,530]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Adenarake" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579489FE7703F6FDF3" box="[396,509,507,530]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Adenarake</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Clade A comprises some species of the formerly independent
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D57972DFD970083FDD3" box="[552,648,539,562]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Lavradia</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D57979EFD970115FDD3" box="[667,798,539,562]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capillaris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D57979EFD970115FDD3" box="[667,798,539,562]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">S. capillaris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(A.St.-Hil.) Sastre,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579466FDB703FFFDB3" box="[355,500,571,594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579466FDB703FFFDB3" box="[355,500,571,594]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">S. glandulosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(A.St.-Hil.) Sastre). Sastre’ s (1978, 1981) infrageneric classification of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579764FDD700D2FD93" box="[609,729,603,626]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579764FDD700D2FD93" box="[609,729,603,626]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Sauvagesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
might provide a solution to the issue of the two clades with a nested
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579592FD170303FD53" box="[151,264,667,690]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Adenarake" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579592FD170303FD53" box="[151,264,667,690]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Adenarake</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. He subdivided
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5794BCFD17003AFD53" box="[441,561,667,690]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5794BCFD17003AFD53" box="[441,561,667,690]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Sauvagesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
into
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D57976CFD17007DFD53" box="[617,630,667,690]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">S</emphasis>
|
||||
. sect.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5797B9FD1702BDFD33" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5797B9FD1702BDFD33" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Sauvagesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D57941AFD3703A4FD33" box="[287,431,699,722]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Imthurnianae</emphasis>
|
||||
Dwyer ex Sastre, and the first into two subsections with the newly erected
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579737FD570034FD13" box="[562,575,731,754]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">S</emphasis>
|
||||
. subsect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5797A0FD570115FD13" box="[677,798,731,754]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Vellozianae</emphasis>
|
||||
Sastre containing species formerly assigned to
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5797BDFD770113FCF3" box="[696,792,763,786]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Lavradia</emphasis>
|
||||
. Thus,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5795DFFC970340FCD3" box="[218,331,795,818]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Adenarake" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5795DFFC970340FCD3" box="[218,331,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Adenarake</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
might be kept as a distinct genus if clade A is established as a different genus (e.g., as
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D57976FFCB700C1FCB3" box="[618,714,827,850]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Lavradia</emphasis>
|
||||
). However, without a comprehensive taxonomic treatment of the genus at hand, it is beyond the scope of the present study to judge if this is a sound solution to the problem or whether a broad concept is to be preferred, including both clades plus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579592FC570303FC13" box="[151,264,987,1010]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Adenarake" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579592FC570303FC13" box="[151,264,987,1010]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Adenarake</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D57942FFC5703A9FC13" box="[298,418,987,1010]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Sauvagesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D57942FFC5703A9FC13" box="[298,418,987,1010]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Sauvagesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
753
data/18/1B/B6/181BB66C65170D4995C1FC77004FFC93.xml
Normal file
753
data/18/1B/B6/181BB66C65170D4995C1FC77004FFC93.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,753 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="3C6D9085713D281194FB2EDB9352C1F8">Phylogenomics of the tropical plant family Ochnaceae using targeted enrichment of nuclear genes and 250 + taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="89FF56ED69B8B44D5B017A4EC9E13B6A">Schneider, Julio V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="889D9697BB5C18D4995D1CF4F3888E7F">1,2 * Tanja Jungcurt, & 1,3 * Domingos Cardoso, & 1,3 & Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Mertonstrasse 17 - 21, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany & 1,2 * Tanja Jungcurt, & Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Entomology III, Mertonstrasse 17 - 21, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E7A8CA52464EEAD17F528B597E4707EB">Jungcurt, Tanja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3E20DD1D16E5FAC6847A715D181B1881">1,2 * Tanja Jungcurt, & 1,3 * Domingos Cardoso, & 1,3 & Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Mertonstrasse 17 - 21, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany & 1,3 * Domingos Cardoso, & 1,3 & Goethe-University, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CE8060FE52F77BAEC01EF3C269E80FA3">Cardoso, Domingos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="26CE493E7DF887FCD8D4BFFD8CAD5EC4">André Márcio Amorim, & Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Ondina, 40170 - 115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3B6E64E40C11CFFD0C2766FAD2726C74">Amorim, André Márcio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4FF9454975AC4E634BB9FC223836EE27">5,6 & Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), km 16 Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, 45662 - 900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil & 5,6 & Herbário André Maurício Vieira de Carvalho, CEPEC, CEPLAC, CP 07, CEP 45600 - 970, Itabuna, BA, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FE213F0DE83B402BCD1C0C21FFB38675">Töpel, Mats</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5F58BDA336355C35B5F2042F87499363">7,8 Tobias Andermann, & University of Gothenburg, Marine Sciences, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden & 7,8 Tobias Andermann, & 8,9 Odile Poncy, & Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="A0C9BD3CAB3BCDB49B3E3836E692EC72">7,8 Tobias Andermann, & 8,9 Odile Poncy, & Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden & 8,9 Odile Poncy, & University of Gothenburg, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Medicinaregatan 18, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C522C83F8E48EC805B020F9D8DE0B937">Poncy, Odile</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="FCD17E99CA3FADFB6AE4FEA8CEFC569E">Thomas Berberich & Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, Cedex 05, 75231 France</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="F70230B052AA35DD495DBA37A1D5CC04">Berberich, Thomas</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="C3CE6DA57324B5F4DC2CF57B7F3E2369">& Georg Zizka & Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Lab-Center, Georg-Voigt-Strasse</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="D9ACFF3CA069E0E6A39B0307E62A3C44" type="personal">
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||||
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<mods:roleTerm id="5417C7D8CD2245A9A4A285AB7DCB7566">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="C7C5BFC27993AFF922F7D2D9D439BBFB">Zizka, Georg</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="5E3885D86D3315CAF188315D80C873B0">1,2 * Tanja Jungcurt, & 1,3 * Domingos Cardoso, & 1,3 & Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Mertonstrasse 17 - 21, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany & 1,3 * Domingos Cardoso, & 1,3 & Goethe-University, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
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|
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4438E0B125D1BA098C780519080B991B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="8E0B30D9DACE5CF083FF7C4C54A1DC8C">
|
||||
<mods:title id="1593785076C5385A819CDB628EFC8A66">TAXON</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="7E60AF6F19409E693DA957EA404D95D3">
|
||||
<mods:date id="5377FDD99ECF838B5077062B1BA6D86A">2021</mods:date>
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|
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<mods:number id="D0FA17FC1A81F0FB8F7524F17D703419">2021-02-28</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="049B0C10298280CC02CF0C25F7FAC908" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="649A3DC01FBB51D4FDE894F8545848C0">70</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="45DBD7720AEE1776C5828B807CEC0B85" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="C01F35F06950D2EDB3858A20844F1A65">1</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="4EBC9A4BCA379A6E6AC47049F6E63968" unit="page">
|
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<mods:start id="C93887EA8DA2D39EBF0A677F9F8844F3">48</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="22BA77D6B7D09A747DA6665B86BED321">71</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="8B96E18B746256E5F2A1AC69BE26A704">
|
||||
<mods:url id="044398CD12DCB4F07F53650F5BE88914">http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.12421</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="2D91275EFC734BE2D70C7AEEE4578535">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="25FB1890617D42F87EFCA8584223641D" type="DOI">10.1002/tax.12421</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="904A23FD22F32AA5FE94FCD357C67310" type="ISSN">1996-8175</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="7406C3FECAD4132BC60A62CE26FC5224" type="Zenodo-Dep">14047350</mods:identifier>
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|
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<treatment id="181BB66C65170D4995C1FC77004FFC93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14545452" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14545452" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:181BB66C65170D4995C1FC77004FFC93" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/181BB66C65170D4995C1FC77004FFC93" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5795C1FC77035FFBF3" bold="true" box="[196,340,1019,1043]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D8A854F165170D5795C1FC770327FBF2" box="[196,300,1019,1043]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="900D077A65170D5795C1FC770327FBF2" blockId="15.[151,799,187,1970]" box="[196,300,1019,1043]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5795C1FC77032CFBF2" box="[196,295,1019,1043]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" subFamily="Sauvagesieae" tribe="Ochneae">Ochneae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D8A854F165170D49943CFC71004FFC93" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="900D077A65170D57943CFC7100F0FAF3" blockId="15.[151,799,187,1970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D57943CFC71035FFBF3" bold="true" box="[313,340,1021,1042]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">—</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579467FC7703B6FBF3" box="[354,445,1019,1042]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Ochneae">Ochneae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as defined in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65170D579768FC7702D7FBD3" author="Schneider, J. V. & Bissiengou, P. & Amaral, M. C. E. & Fay, M. F. & Thines, M. & Sosef, M. S. M. & Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L." pageId="15" pageNumber="63" pagination="199 - 214" refId="ref22117" refString="Schneider, J. V., Bissiengou, P., Amaral, M. C. E., Fay, M. F., Thines, M., Sosef, M. S. M., Zizka, G. & Chatrou, L. 2014. Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrafamilial classification of the pantropical Ochnaceae s. l. (Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae s. str., Quiinaceae) based on five DNA regions. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 78: 199 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.018" type="journal article" year="2014">Schneider & al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
contains the African Lophirinae (with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579786FB9700DDFBD3" box="[643,726,1051,1074]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Lophira" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579786FB9700DDFBD3" box="[643,726,1051,1074]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Lophira</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as the sole genus) as sister to a clade of the neotropical Elvasiinae (with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5795D1FBD70329FB93" box="[212,290,1115,1138]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Elvasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5795D1FBD70329FB93" box="[212,290,1115,1138]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Elvasia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579450FBD703D5FB93" box="[341,478,1115,1138]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Perissocarpa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579450FBD703D5FB93" box="[341,478,1115,1138]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Perissocarpa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and the pantropical Ochninae (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D57959AFBF70333FB73" box="[159,312,1147,1170]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Brackenridgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D57959AFBF70333FB73" box="[159,312,1147,1170]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Brackenridgea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D57944DFBF7000DFB73" box="[328,518,1147,1170]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Campylospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D57944DFBF7000DFB73" box="[328,518,1147,1170]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Campylospermum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579713FBF70057FB73" box="[534,604,1147,1170]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Idertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579713FBF70057FB73" box="[534,604,1147,1170]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Idertia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579769FBF700B9FB73" box="[620,690,1147,1170]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579769FBF700B9FB73" box="[620,690,1147,1170]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Ochna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5797C7FBF70113FB73" box="[706,792,1147,1170]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5797C7FBF70113FB73" box="[706,792,1147,1170]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Ouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579592FB170330FB53" box="[151,315,1179,1202]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Rhabdophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579592FB170330FB53" box="[151,315,1179,1202]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Rhabdophyllum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). This classification was supported in the present study, too, with all clades receiving strong support, including the sister relationship of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5794CEFB570013FB13" box="[459,536,1243,1266]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Elvasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5794CEFB570013FB13" box="[459,536,1243,1266]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Elvasia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D57974EFB5700D9FB13" box="[587,722,1243,1266]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Perissocarpa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D57974EFB5700D9FB13" box="[587,722,1243,1266]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Perissocarpa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which was analyzed here for the first time using molecular data.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="900D077A65170D5795C1FA970081F933" blockId="15.[151,799,187,1970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
Ochninae is the most species-rich clade of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579776FA9700E3FAD3" box="[627,744,1307,1330]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ochnaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, containing approximately two-thirds of the family’ s species. The associated radiations most likely benefitted from the emergence of the savanna biome in the Old and New World as inferred from the time frame of the divergence events and the actual species distributions. The split into the six currently accepted genera occurred over a very short period of about a maximum of 5–10 million years during the Miocene (Schneider & al., 2017), which is certainly also one reason for the hitherto unclear relationships among them. In the present study, all backbone nodes of Ochninae were recovered with strong support, thus resolving its relationships for the first time. The first split divides Ochninae into the neotropical
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D57976BF91700CDF953" box="[622,710,1691,1714]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D57976BF91700CDF953" box="[622,710,1691,1714]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Ouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the remaining genera, which are all palaeotropical.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="900D077A65170D5795C1F957064AFD13" blockId="15.[151,799,187,1970]" lastBlockId="15.[837,1485,187,1970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
Perhaps most remarkable within the palaeotropical clade is the polyphyly of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D57947FF9770030F8F3" box="[378,571,1787,1810]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Campylospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D57947FF9770030F8F3" box="[378,571,1787,1810]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Campylospermum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which was already revealed in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65170D57941DF89703EAF8D3" author="Bissiengou, P." box="[280,481,1819,1842]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" refId="ref16075" refString="Bissiengou, P. 2014. Systematics, evolution and historical biogeography of the family Ochnaceae with emphasis on the genus Campylospermum. Dissertation. Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands." type="book" year="2014">Bissiengou (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, but which is here recovered with strong support. Clade A of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5794F9F8B700B6F8B3" box="[508,701,1851,1874]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Campylospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5794F9F8B700B6F8B3" box="[508,701,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Campylospermum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
contains all Central and West African species of this genus (except
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579592F8F703B5F873" authority="(Oliv.) Tiegh." authorityName="Tiegh." baseAuthorityName="Oliv." box="[151,446,1915,1938]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Campylospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elongatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579592F8F7032DF873" box="[151,294,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">C. elongatum</emphasis>
|
||||
(Oliv.) Tiegh.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and forms a clade with the African
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5795C0F8170366F853" box="[197,365,1947,1970]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Rhabdophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5795C0F8170366F853" box="[197,365,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Rhabdophyllum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Clade B of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5794F9F81700B6F853" box="[508,701,1947,1970]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Campylospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5794F9F81700B6F853" box="[508,701,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Campylospermum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
contains the Malagasy (here, only
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579160FF370755FF33" authority="Tiegh." authorityName="Tiegh." box="[1125,1374,187,210]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Campylospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusifolium">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579160FF370706FF33" box="[1125,1293,187,210]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">C. obtusifolium</emphasis>
|
||||
Tiegh.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
included) and East African species (plus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579194FF57072AFF13" box="[1169,1313,219,242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Campylospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elongatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579194FF57072AFF13" box="[1169,1313,219,242]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">C. elongatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and is sister to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579640FF7701EAFEF3" box="[837,993,251,274]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Brackenridgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579640FF7701EAFEF3" box="[837,993,251,274]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Brackenridgea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, both being sister to the West to Central African
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579677FE9701B1FED3" box="[882,954,283,306]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Idertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579677FE9701B1FED3" box="[882,954,283,306]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Idertia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. It is important to mention that both clades share their own set of characters: Clade A usually has terminal inflorescences, and the embryos are either accumbent or incumbent and similar or dissimilar in size, whereas clade B shares usually axillary inflorescences, accumbent embryos that are similar in size, and a distinct reticulate tertiary leaf venation (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65170D579649FE570619FE13" author="Bissiengou, P." box="[844,1042,475,498]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" refId="ref16075" refString="Bissiengou, P. 2014. Systematics, evolution and historical biogeography of the family Ochnaceae with emphasis on the genus Campylospermum. Dissertation. Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands." type="book" year="2014">Bissiengou, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65170D57912FFE5706B2FE13" author="Sosef, M. S. M." box="[1066,1209,475,498]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" pagination="119 - 135" refId="ref22465" refString="Sosef, M. S. M. 2008. Revision du genre africain Rhabdophyllum Tiegh. (Ochnaceae), avec sa distribution au Cameroun et au Gabon. Adansonia, ser. 3, 30: 119 - 135." type="journal article" year="2008">Sosef (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
also noted that the leaf venation of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5796CAFE770791FDF3" authority="(Tiegh.) Farron" authorityName="Farron" baseAuthorityName="Tiegh." box="[975,1434,507,530]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Campylospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lecomtei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5796CAFE7706E7FDF3" box="[975,1260,507,530]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Campylospermum lecomtei</emphasis>
|
||||
(Tiegh.) Farron
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579640FD970635FDD3" authority="Sosef" authorityName="Sosef" box="[837,1086,539,562]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Campylospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paucinervatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579640FD9701F7FDD3" box="[837,1020,539,562]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">C. paucinervatum</emphasis>
|
||||
Sosef
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, both belonging to our clade A, resembles that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5796CDFDB7067AFDB3" box="[968,1137,571,594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Rhabdophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5796CDFDB7067AFDB3" box="[968,1137,571,594]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Rhabdophyllum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, thus providing further support from morphology for the here inferred sister-group relationship between both groups. However, we are awaiting a modern revision of the Malagasy species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65170D5791ADFD170769FD53" author="Bissiengou, P." box="[1192,1378,667,690]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" refId="ref16075" refString="Bissiengou, P. 2014. Systematics, evolution and historical biogeography of the family Ochnaceae with emphasis on the genus Campylospermum. Dissertation. Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands." type="book" year="2014">Bissiengou, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
only treated the continental species) before making the necessary nomenclatural changes.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="900D077A65170D579677FD770635F9B3" blockId="15.[837,1485,187,1970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579677FD770600FCF3" box="[882,1035,763,786]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Brackenridgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579677FD770600FCF3" box="[882,1035,763,786]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Brackenridgea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
originally comprised only species from SE Asia,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E8A547EA65170D579686FC9701E9FCD3" box="[899,994,795,818]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and Oceania (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65170D579178FC97075EFCD3" author="Van Tieghem, M. P." box="[1149,1365,795,818]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" pagination="161 - 416" refId="ref23003" refString="Van Tieghem, M. P. 1902. Sur les Ochnacees. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 8, 16: 161 - 416." type="journal article" year="1902">Van Tieghem, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The morphologically similar genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579169FCB7074FFCB3" authority="Tiegh." authorityName="Tiegh." box="[1132,1348,827,850]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Pleuroridgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579169FCB706FEFCB3" box="[1132,1269,827,850]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Pleuroridgea</emphasis>
|
||||
Tiegh.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was erected by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65170D57966DFCD70643FC93" author="Van Tieghem, M. P." box="[872,1096,859,882]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" pagination="161 - 416" refId="ref23003" refString="Van Tieghem, M. P. 1902. Sur les Ochnacees. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 8, 16: 161 - 416." type="journal article" year="1902">Van Tieghem (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
to unite species that share embryos with laterally disposed cotyledons and lateral, deeply divided caducous stipules, initially all from continental Africa. This concept was followed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65170D579157FC370766FC33" author="Perrier de la Bathie, H." box="[1106,1389,955,978]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" pagination="333 - 369" refId="ref20660" refString="Perrier de la Bathie, H. 1941. Revision des Ochnacees de la region malgache. Notul. Syst. (Paris) 10: 333 - 369." type="journal article" year="1941">Perrier de la Bathie (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
but with an expanded
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5796D6FC570656FC13" box="[979,1117,987,1010]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Pleuroridgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5796D6FC570656FC13" box="[979,1117,987,1010]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Pleuroridgea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to include new Malagasy species. Subsequent authors (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65170D579122FC7706C9FBF3" author="Robson, N. K. B." box="[1063,1218,1019,1042]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" refId="ref20915" refString="Robson, N. K. B. 1963. Ochnaceae. Pp. 224 - 262 in: Excell, A. W., Fernandes, A. & Wild, H. (eds.), Flora Zambesiaca, vol. 2 (1). London." type="book" year="1963">Robson, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65170D5791D4FC770176FBD3" author="Du Toit, P. C. V. & Obermeyer, A. A." pageId="15" pageNumber="63" refId="ref17094" refString="Du Toit, P. C. V. & Obermeyer, A. A. 1976. Ochnaceae. Pp. 1 - 13 in: Ross, J. H. (ed.), Flora of southern Africa, vol. 22. Pretoria: Government Printer." type="book" year="1976">Du Toit & Obermeyer, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65170D579689FB97064BFBD3" author="Verdcourt, B." box="[908,1088,1051,1074]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref23035" refString="Verdcourt, B. 2005. Ochnaceae. Pp. 1 - 60 in: Beentje, H. J. & Ghazanfar, S. A. (eds.), Flora of tropical East Africa. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens." type="book chapter" year="2005">Verdcourt, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65170D579155FB970753FBD3" author="Callmander, M. W. & Buerki, S. & Phillipson, P. B." box="[1104,1368,1051,1074]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" pagination="374 - 375" refId="ref16427" refString="Callmander, M. W., Buerki, S. & Phillipson, P. B. 2010. The genus Brackenridgea A. Gray (Ochnaceae) in Madagascar. Candollea 65: 374 - 375. https: // doi. org / 10.15553 / c 2010 v 652 a 16" type="journal article" year="2010">Callmander & al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), however, merged both genera under a broad concept of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579028FBB707CDFBB3" box="[1325,1478,1083,1106]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Brackenridgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579028FBB707CDFBB3" box="[1325,1478,1083,1106]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Brackenridgea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, judging the morphological differences too small for maintaining them separate. However, it is remarkable that in our phylogeny the former
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5796F1FB170686FB53" box="[1012,1165,1179,1202]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Brackenridgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5796F1FB170686FB53" box="[1012,1165,1179,1202]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Brackenridgea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F5661365170D57919DFB1706C3FB53" box="[1176,1224,1179,1202]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" sensu="stricto">s.str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579001FB170785FB53" box="[1284,1422,1179,1202]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Pleuroridgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579001FB170785FB53" box="[1284,1422,1179,1202]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Pleuroridgea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
form well-supported geographically distinct clades within a monophyletic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D57969AFB57063DFB13" box="[927,1078,1243,1266]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Brackenridgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D57969AFB57063DFB13" box="[927,1078,1243,1266]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Brackenridgea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. One clade unites the Asian-OceanianAustralian species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579108FB77070BFAF3" authority="Bartell., B." authorityName="Bartell., B." box="[1037,1280,1275,1298]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Brackenridgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579108FB77068DFAF3" box="[1037,1158,1275,1298]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">B. palustris</emphasis>
|
||||
Bartell.,
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5791ECFB77070BFAF3" box="[1257,1280,1275,1298]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579003FB770779FAF3" box="[1286,1394,1275,1298]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">foxworthii</emphasis>
|
||||
Furtado (=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579661FA970632FAD3" authority="Bartell." authorityName="Bartell." box="[868,1081,1307,1330]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Brackenridgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579661FA9701D5FAD3" box="[868,990,1307,1330]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">B. palustris</emphasis>
|
||||
Bartell.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579149FA9706F5FAD3" authority="A. Gray" authorityName="A. Gray" box="[1100,1278,1307,1330]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Brackenridgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579149FA9706A2FAD3" box="[1100,1193,1307,1330]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">B. nitida</emphasis>
|
||||
A.Gray
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579020FA9706AFFAB3" authority="(F. Muell.) P. O. Karis" authorityName="P. O. Karis" baseAuthorityName="F. Muell." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Brackenridgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nitida" subSpecies="australiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579020FA97078AFAD3" box="[1317,1409,1307,1330]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">B. nitida</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579640FAB701B5FAB3" box="[837,958,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">australiana</emphasis>
|
||||
(F.Muell.) P.O.Karis
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5791E7FAB707AAFAB3" authority="Tiegh." authorityName="Tiegh." box="[1250,1441,1339,1362]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Brackenridgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forbesii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5791E7FAB7075BFAB3" box="[1250,1360,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">B. forbesii</emphasis>
|
||||
Tiegh.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the second one unites the African-Malagasy species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D57903BFAD70609FA73" authority="(H. Perrier) Callm." authorityName="Callm." baseAuthorityName="H. Perrier" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Brackenridgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madecassa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D57903BFAD707C6FA93" box="[1342,1485,1371,1394]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">B. madecassa</emphasis>
|
||||
(H.Perrier) Callm.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D57910EFAF70162FA53" authority="(De Wild. & T. Durand) N. Robson" authorityName="N. Robson" baseAuthorityName="De Wild. & T. Durand" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Brackenridgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D57910EFAF7068AFA73" box="[1035,1153,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">B. arenaria</emphasis>
|
||||
(De Wild. & T.Durand) N.Robson
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D5796A7FA170680FA53" authority="Oliv." authorityName="Oliv." box="[930,1163,1435,1458]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Brackenridgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zanguebarica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D5796A7FA170645FA53" box="[930,1102,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">B. zanguebarica</emphasis>
|
||||
Oliv.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the latter itself divided into a Malagasy and a continental (African) clade. Thus, the disjunct African-Asian distribution, which is shared with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579052FA570795FA13" box="[1367,1438,1499,1522]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579052FA570795FA13" box="[1367,1438,1499,1522]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Ochna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D579640FA77060CF9F3" box="[837,1031,1531,1554]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Campylospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D579640FA77060CF9F3" box="[837,1031,1531,1554]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Campylospermum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, most likely resulted from a single crosscontinental dispersal event, perhaps involving
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E8A547EA65170D579049F99707C7F9D3" box="[1356,1484,1563,1586]" name="Madagascar" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||||
as an intermediate step.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="900D077A65170D489677F9D70351FA73" blockId="15.[837,1485,187,1970]" lastBlockId="16.[103,751,187,1970]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
Here, we present the by far most comprehensive phylogenetic framework for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965170D57912BF9F7067EF973" box="[1070,1141,1659,1682]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865170D57912BF9F7067EF973" box="[1070,1141,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="63">Ochna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, comprising about 50% of its species. While a modern taxonomic revision of this genus is still lacking, this framework serves as important baseline data for future infrageneric classification. Earlier attempts for an infrageneric classification included the one by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65170D57903EF9770184F8D3" author="Van Tieghem, M. P." pageId="15" pageNumber="63" pagination="161 - 416" refId="ref23003" refString="Van Tieghem, M. P. 1902. Sur les Ochnacees. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 8, 16: 161 - 416." type="journal article" year="1902">Van Tieghem (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. He segregated 15 genera using characters such as anther dehiscence (poricidal versus longicidal), carpel number or embryo morphology (
|
||||
<typeStatus id="4F09B9D865170D579176F8D70697F893" box="[1139,1180,1883,1906]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" type="isotype">iso-</typeStatus>
|
||||
versus heterocotyledonous). More recent regional treatments on African (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65170D579028F8F707C3F873" author="Robson, N. K. B." box="[1325,1480,1915,1938]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" refId="ref20915" refString="Robson, N. K. B. 1963. Ochnaceae. Pp. 224 - 262 in: Excell, A. W., Fernandes, A. & Wild, H. (eds.), Flora Zambesiaca, vol. 2 (1). London." type="book" year="1963">Robson, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65170D579640F817068AF853" author="Du Toit, P. C. V. & Obermeyer, A. A." box="[837,1153,1947,1970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" refId="ref17094" refString="Du Toit, P. C. V. & Obermeyer, A. A. 1976. Ochnaceae. Pp. 1 - 13 in: Ross, J. H. (ed.), Flora of southern Africa, vol. 22. Pretoria: Government Printer." type="book" year="1976">Du Toit & Obermeyer, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65170D57918AF8170748F853" author="Verdcourt, B." box="[1167,1347,1947,1970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref23035" refString="Verdcourt, B. 2005. Ochnaceae. Pp. 1 - 60 in: Beentje, H. J. & Ghazanfar, S. A. (eds.), Flora of tropical East Africa. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens." type="book chapter" year="2005">Verdcourt, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65170D489054F8170339FF33" author="Callmander, M. W. & Phillipson, P. B." lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" pagination="142 - 144" refId="ref16377" refString="Callmander, M. W. & Phillipson, P. B. 2012. Notes on the genus Ochna L. (Ochnaceae) in Madagascar. Candollea 67: 142 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.15553 / c 2012 v 671 a 14" type="journal article" year="2012">Callmander & Phillipson, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) or Asian (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D4894ADFF370020FF33" author="Kanis, A." box="[424,555,187,210]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18997" refString="Kanis, A. 1968. A revision of the Ochnaceae of the Indo-Pacific area. Blumea 16: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1968">Kanis, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D4897ADFF3700E4FF33" box="[680,751,187,210]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4897ADFF3700E4FF33" box="[680,751,187,210]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ochna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
did not follow
|
||||
<collectorName id="3D4762AC65080D489401FF570390FF13" box="[260,411,218,242]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Van Tieghem’</collectorName>
|
||||
s narrow concept. In the present study, there is a remarkable congruence of our phylogeny with the infrageneric classification of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D4894C4FE97006AFED3" author="Robson, N. K. B." box="[449,609,283,306]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" refId="ref20915" refString="Robson, N. K. B. 1963. Ochnaceae. Pp. 224 - 262 in: Excell, A. W., Fernandes, A. & Wild, H. (eds.), Flora Zambesiaca, vol. 2 (1). London." type="book" year="1963">Robson (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, who divided the genus into three sections based on carpel shape and anther dehiscence (see also
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D489443FED703F1FE93" author="Verdcourt, B." box="[326,506,347,370]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref23035" refString="Verdcourt, B. 2005. Ochnaceae. Pp. 1 - 60 in: Beentje, H. J. & Ghazanfar, S. A. (eds.), Flora of tropical East Africa. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens." type="book chapter" year="2005">Verdcourt, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Our clade A contains species belonging to Robson’ s
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D4894B3FEF7008EFE73" authority="sect. Ochna" box="[438,645,379,402]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Ochna">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4894B3FEF703F6FE73" box="[438,509,379,402]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ochna</emphasis>
|
||||
sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48973BFEF7008EFE73" box="[574,645,379,402]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ochna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which is characterized by bi-porous anthers.
|
||||
<collectorName id="3D4762AC65080D4894E1FE170030FE53" box="[484,571,411,434]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Clade B</collectorName>
|
||||
contains species of his
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4895A9FE3702B4FE33" box="[172,191,443,466]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O</emphasis>
|
||||
. sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489403FE37039BFE33" box="[262,400,443,466]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Schizanthera</emphasis>
|
||||
in which anthers open by longitudinal slits. In contrast, his species-poor
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48971FFE570026FE13" box="[538,557,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O</emphasis>
|
||||
. sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48976AFE5700E3FE13" box="[623,744,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Renicarpus</emphasis>
|
||||
, which differs by having reniform drupelets that are attached near the centre of the long side of the drupelet, appears to be polyphyletic according to the placement of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489766FDB70338FD93" authority="Burch. ex DC." authorityName="DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489766FDB70281FD93" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ochna arborea</emphasis>
|
||||
Burch. ex DC.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D48946EFDD7009DFD93" authority="Hook. However" authorityName="Hook. However" box="[363,662,603,626]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48946EFDD703EBFD93" box="[363,480,603,626]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O. pulchra</emphasis>
|
||||
Hook. However
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a more comprehensive taxon sampling of this section is required for a sound evaluation of its status. Besides the two large clades, there are two smaller clades. One contains the morphologically close
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D48940DFD5703DDFD13" authority="Baker" authorityName="Baker" box="[264,470,731,754]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48940DFD57039AFD13" box="[264,401,731,754]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O. polycarpa</emphasis>
|
||||
Baker
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D48970FFD570331FCF3" authority="(H. Perrier) Callm. & Phillipson" authorityName="Callm. & Phillipson" baseAuthorityName="H. Perrier" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="louvelii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48970FFD57007CFD13" box="[522,631,731,754]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O. louvelii</emphasis>
|
||||
(H.Perrier) Callm. & Phillipson
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which are from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E8A547EA65080D4894EEFD77006CFCF3" box="[491,615,763,786]" name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D489770FD770326FCD3" author="Callmander, M. W. & Phillipson, P. B." pageId="16" pageNumber="64" pagination="142 - 144" refId="ref16377" refString="Callmander, M. W. & Phillipson, P. B. 2012. Notes on the genus Ochna L. (Ochnaceae) in Madagascar. Candollea 67: 142 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.15553 / c 2012 v 671 a 14" type="journal article" year="2012">Callmander & Phillipson, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The other one is sister to the rest of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D4897ACFC9700E5FCD3" box="[681,750,795,818]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4897ACFC9700E5FCD3" box="[681,750,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ochna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and comprises
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489403FCB703F6FCB3" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill." box="[262,509,827,850]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andravinensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489403FCB703B2FCB3" box="[262,441,827,850]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O. andravinensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Baill.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D48970DFCB700C9FCB3" authority="Hook." authorityName="Hook." box="[520,706,827,850]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48970DFCB70073FCB3" box="[520,632,827,850]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O. pulchra</emphasis>
|
||||
Hook.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489562FCD703ECFC93" authority="(Tiegh.) Bamps. How" authorityName="Bamps. How" baseAuthorityName="Tiegh." box="[103,487,859,882]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latisepala">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489562FCD702F9FC93" box="[103,242,859,882]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O. latisepala</emphasis>
|
||||
(Tiegh.) Bamps. How
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
these smaller clades are integrated into an infrageneric classification and how species of
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489586FC17029DFC53" box="[131,150,923,946]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O</emphasis>
|
||||
. sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4895DDFC170341FC53" box="[216,330,923,946]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Reniformis</emphasis>
|
||||
are accommodated, is, however, beyond the scope of the present study and needs to be assessed in the framework of a modern taxonomic revision of this genus. From an ecological perspective remarkable is the observation that several of the species for which a fire-adapted geoxylic growth
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489562FBB702CDFBB3" box="[103,198,1083,1106]" form="has" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" rank="form">form has</taxonomicName>
|
||||
been reported (which are elements of the so-called underground forests; see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D48947CFBD703F4FB93" author="White, F." box="[377,511,1115,1138]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" pagination="57 - 71" refId="ref23080" refString="White, F. 1976. The underground forests of Africa: A preliminary review. Gard. Bull. Singapore 24: 57 - 71." type="journal article" year="1976">White, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) were positioned in a subclade of clade
|
||||
<collectorName id="3D4762AC65080D489418FBF70368FB73" box="[285,355,1147,1170]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">C. The</collectorName>
|
||||
geoxylic species include, for example,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489562FB170325FB53" authority="Oliv." authorityName="Oliv." box="[103,302,1179,1202]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptoclada">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489562FB1702FFFB53" box="[103,244,1179,1202]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O. leptoclada</emphasis>
|
||||
Oliv.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489432FB170032FB53" authority="De Wild." authorityName="De Wild." box="[311,569,1179,1202]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="katangensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489432FB1703DAFB53" box="[311,465,1179,1202]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O. katangensis</emphasis>
|
||||
De Wild.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489746FB170327FB33" authority="Burtt Davy & Greenway" authorityName="Burtt Davy & Greenway" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489746FB1700B8FB53" box="[579,691,1179,1202]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O. confusa</emphasis>
|
||||
Burtt Davy & Greenway
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D48945BFB37006EFB33" authority="Hiern. From" authorityName="Hiern. From" box="[350,613,1211,1234]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48945BFB3703D6FB33" box="[350,477,1211,1234]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O. pygmaea</emphasis>
|
||||
Hiern. From
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
a biogeographical perspective noteworthy are our findings that the Asian species (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D4895C4FB7703E4FAF3" authority="(Lour.) Merr." authorityName="Merr." baseAuthorityName="Lour." box="[193,495,1275,1298]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="integerrima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4895C4FB770356FAF3" box="[193,349,1275,1298]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O. integerrima</emphasis>
|
||||
(Lour.) Merr.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D4894FDFB7700AFFAF3" authority="DC." authorityName="DC." box="[504,676,1275,1298]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4894FDFB770079FAF3" box="[504,626,1275,1298]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O. obtusata</emphasis>
|
||||
DC.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) included in this study form a clade that is nested in clade D and that the Malagasy species (e.g.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D48947AFAB70053FAB3" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill." box="[383,600,1339,1362]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brachypoda">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48947AFAB70013FAB3" box="[383,536,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O. brachypoda</emphasis>
|
||||
Baill.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489764FAB702ACFA93" authority="Baker" authorityName="Baker" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrantha">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489764FAB700E5FAB3" box="[609,750,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O. macrantha</emphasis>
|
||||
Baker
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D4895B4FAD70331FA93" box="[177,314,1371,1394]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4895B4FAD70331FA93" box="[177,314,1371,1394]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O. polycarpa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489443FAD703FDFA93" box="[326,502,1371,1394]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andravinensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489443FAD703FDFA93" box="[326,502,1371,1394]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O. andravinensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) are spread across three major clades of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D48940BFAF70358FA73" box="[270,339,1403,1426]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48940BFAF70358FA73" box="[270,339,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ochna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="900D077A65080D489591FA170604FC33" blockId="16.[103,751,187,1970]" lastBlockId="16.[789,1438,187,1970]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
The largest genus of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489461FA1703DEFA53" box="[356,469,1435,1458]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ochnaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D4894EAFA17004FFA53" box="[495,580,1435,1458]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4894EAFA17004FFA53" box="[495,580,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which is among the larger woody genera of the New World with about 200 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D48956BFA57037BFA13" author="Amaral, M. C. E. & Bittrich, V." box="[110,368,1499,1522]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" refId="ref15715" refString="Amaral, M. C. E. & Bittrich, V. 2014. Ochnaceae. Pp. 253 - 268 in: Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The families and genera of vascular plants, vol. 11. Heidelberg: Springer. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 39417 - 1 _ 19" type="book" year="2014">Amaral & Bittrich, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) to 310 accepted species (Schneider, unpub. data), comparable in size to other well-known radiations in tropical plant families such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D4894F0F9970055F9D3" authority="Mill." authorityName="Mill." box="[501,606,1563,1586]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Inga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4894F0F997002FF9D3" box="[501,548,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Inga</emphasis>
|
||||
Mill.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(ca. 300 spp.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489562F9B702C7F9B3" box="[103,204,1595,1618]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D4895DEF9B703E9F9B3" author="Richardson, J. E. & Pennington, R. T. & Pennington, T. D. & Hollingsworth, P. M." box="[219,482,1595,1618]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" pagination="2242 - 2245" refId="ref20856" refString="Richardson, J. E., Pennington, R. T., Pennington, T. D. & Hollingsworth, P. M. 2001. Rapid diversification of a species-rich genus of neotropical rainforest trees. Science 293: 2242 - 2245. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 1061421" type="journal article" year="2001">Richardson & al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D4894FDF9B70080F9B3" authority="Aubl." authorityName="Aubl." box="[504,651,1595,1618]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Ocotea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4894FDF9B7004FF9B3" box="[504,580,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ocotea</emphasis>
|
||||
Aubl.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(ca. 300 spp.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D4895A1F9D70318F993" box="[164,275,1627,1650]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D489424F9D703D9F993" author="Madrinan, S." box="[289,466,1627,1650]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" refId="ref19437" refString="Madrinan, S. 2004. Lauraceae (Avocado Family). Pp. 204 - 206 in: Smith, N., Mori, S. A., Henderson, A., Stevenson, D. W. & Heald, S. V. (eds.), Flowering plants of the neotropics. Princeton: Princeton University Press." type="book" year="2004">Madriñán, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4894EDF9D70026F993" box="[488,557,1627,1650]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Clusia</emphasis>
|
||||
L. (ca. 300 spp.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489562F9F702D2F973" box="[103,217,1659,1682]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Clusiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D4895E1F9F703DDF973" author="Gustafsson, M. H. G. & Winter, K. & Bittrich, V." box="[228,470,1659,1682]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" refId="ref18271" refString="Gustafsson, M. H. G., Winter, K. & Bittrich, V. 2007. Diversity, phylogeny and classification of Clusia. Pp. 95 - 116 in: Luttge, U. (ed.), Clusia: A woody neotropical genus of remarkable plasticity and diversity. Ecological Studies 194. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 540 - 37243 - 1 _ 7" type="journal volume" year="2007">Gustafsson & al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489703F9F700E4F973" authority="Ruiz & Pav." authorityName="Ruiz & Pav." box="[518,751,1659,1682]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Guatteria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489703F9F70061F973" box="[518,618,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Guatteria</emphasis>
|
||||
Ruiz & Pav.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(ca. 265 spp.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D4895FAF917038EF953" box="[255,389,1691,1714]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D489497F917006AF953" author="Erkens, R. H. J. & Chatrou, L. W. & Koek-Noorman, J. & Maas, J. W. & Maas, P. J. M." box="[402,609,1691,1714]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" pagination="757 - 774" refId="ref17328" refString="Erkens, R. H. J., Chatrou, L. W., Koek-Noorman, J., Maas, J. W. & Maas, P. J. M. 2007. Classification of a large and widespread genus of neotropical trees, Guatteria (Annonaceae) and its three satellite genera Guatteriella, Guatteriopsis and Heteropetalum. Taxon 56: 757 - 774. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25065858" type="journal article" year="2007">Erkens & al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The lack of a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus hampers the interpretation of the here presented phylogeny. However, different infrageneric classification systems are available. First attempts for an infrageneric classification of this genus were largely based on unreliable characters such as leaf indumentum and texture (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D489446F8D703DAF893" author="Erhard, I." box="[323,465,1883,1906]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" pagination="241 - 254" refId="ref17293" refString="Erhard, I. 1849. Synopsis specierum Gomphiae Schreb. (Familia Ochnacearum DC. Decandria monogynia L.) in America meridionali hus usque lectarum. Flora 32: 241 - 254." type="journal article" year="1849">Erhard, 1849</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Later,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D489726F8D700BEF893" author="Engler, A." box="[547,693,1883,1906]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" refId="ref17218" refString="Engler, A. 1876 (" 1872 - 1877 "). Ochnaceae. Pp. 301 - 332, pl. 62 - 77 in: Martius, C. F. P. (ed.), Flora Brasiliensis, vol. 12 (2). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: apud Frid. Fleischer. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 454" type="book" year="1876">Engler (1876)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
erected the two series,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D48941BF8F70026F873" box="[286,557,1915,1938]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="series" series="Cardiocarpae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48941BF8F70379F873" box="[286,370,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
ser.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48949BF8F70026F873" box="[414,557,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Cardiocarpae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and ser.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489787F8F700E3F873" box="[642,744,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Oocarpae</emphasis>
|
||||
, using fruit characters for the then known 76 species. The first differs by its obcordate drupelets from the second, which is characterized by mostly ovoid to obovoid drupelets. With Van Tieghem’ s (1902) classification, the number of subdivisions increased drastically. He distinguished 22 genera for his subtribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489675FEB7061BFEB3" box="[880,1040,315,338]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Orthospermeae">Orthospermeae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(which corresponds to modern
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489058FEB7013EFE93" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489058FEB7013EFE93" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D489670FED70667FE93" author="Sastre, C. & Offroy, B." box="[885,1132,347,370]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" pagination="55 - 98" refId="ref21564" refString="Sastre, C. & Offroy, B. 2016. Revision nomenclaturale des binomes du genre neotropical Ouratea Aublet (Ochnaceae) decrits par van Tieghem. Adansonia 38: 55 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / a 2016 n 1 a 5" type="journal article" year="2016">Sastre & Offroy, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) using differences in inflorescence
|
||||
<typeStatus id="4F09B9D865080D48967CFEF701ADFE73" box="[889,934,379,402]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
and insertion, indumentum, number of styles, embryo shape or the persistence of stipules, among others. Subsequent authors disregarded Van Tieghem’ s system (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D489610FE57018CFE13" author="Gilg, E." box="[789,903,475,498]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" refId="ref17999" refString="Gilg, E. 1925. Ochnaceae. Pp. 53 - 87 in: Engler, A. (ed.), Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2, vol. 21. Leipzig: Engelmann." type="book" year="1925">Gilg, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Perhaps the more satisfying classification of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D48905BFE57013FFDF3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48905BFE57013FFDF3" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was introduced by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D48910CFE770692FDF3" author="Sastre, C." box="[1033,1177,507,530]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" pagination="47 - 67" refId="ref21360" refString="Sastre, C. 1988. Studies on the Flora of the Guianas 34. Synopsis generis Ouratea Aublet (Ochnaceae). Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 1: 47 - 67." type="journal article" year="1988">Sastre (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. He subdivided
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489042FE770797FDF3" box="[1351,1436,507,530]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489042FE770797FDF3" box="[1351,1436,507,530]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
into the six sections
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4896EDFD9701F0FDD3" box="[1000,1019,539,562]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O</emphasis>
|
||||
. sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489138FD9706C6FDD3" box="[1085,1229,539,562]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Cardiocarpae</emphasis>
|
||||
(Engl.) Sastre, sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489610FDB70188FDB3" box="[789,899,571,594]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Kaieteuria</emphasis>
|
||||
(Dwyer) Sastre, sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489170FDB706FAFDB3" box="[1141,1265,571,594]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Polyouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
(Tiegh.) Sastre, sect.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D48964DFDD70197FD93" box="[840,924,603,626]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48964DFDD70197FD93" box="[840,924,603,626]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4896DCFDD70630FD93" box="[985,1083,603,626]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ouratella</emphasis>
|
||||
(Tiegh.) Sastre and sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489033FDD70797FD93" box="[1334,1436,603,626]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Persistens</emphasis>
|
||||
Sastre. This classification was superseded by his more recent one (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D489642FD1701C0FD53" author="Sastre, C." box="[839,971,667,690]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" pagination="193 - 200" refId="ref21403" refString="Sastre, C. 1995. Novelties in the neotropical genus Ouratea Aublet (Ochnaceae). Novon 5: 193 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3392246" type="journal article" year="1995">Sastre, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), in which
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48913CFD170647FD53" box="[1081,1100,667,690]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O</emphasis>
|
||||
. sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48918EFD1706E3FD53" box="[1163,1256,667,690]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Caducae</emphasis>
|
||||
Sastre was newly erected, whereas sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489104FD370667FD33" box="[1025,1132,699,722]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Persistens</emphasis>
|
||||
was placed in the synonymy of sect.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489662FD5701B5FD13" box="[871,958,731,754]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489662FD5701B5FD13" box="[871,958,731,754]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Characters of diagnostic value for the different sections are, for example, the possession of 2–4 fused sepals in
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48967EFC970185FCD3" box="[891,910,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">O</emphasis>
|
||||
. sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4896D0FC97064DFCD3" box="[981,1094,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Kaieteuria</emphasis>
|
||||
, fruits with the drupelets borne horizontally in sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4896F0FCB70682FCB3" box="[1013,1161,827,850]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Cardiocarpae</emphasis>
|
||||
. Other important characters are the number of carpels (e.g.,
|
||||
<quantity id="574AAA9F65080D489183FCD706DDFC93" box="[1158,1238,858,882]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" unit="in" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6–10 in</quantity>
|
||||
sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48900AFCD70786FC93" box="[1295,1421,859,882]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Polyouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
), fruits with persistent sepals (sect.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489171FCF706C1FC73" box="[1140,1226,891,914]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489171FCF706C1FC73" box="[1140,1226,891,914]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and the position of the inflorescence (terminal versus axillary, the first characteristic of sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4896A7FC37060BFC33" box="[930,1024,955,978]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Caducae</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="900D077A65080D489647FC570606FA53" blockId="16.[789,1438,187,1970]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
Here, based on our phylogenetic analysis, including roughly half the species reported for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D4891A6FC7706F1FBF3" box="[1187,1274,1019,1042]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4891A6FC7706F1FBF3" box="[1187,1274,1019,1042]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, we tentatively defined five major clades for the ease of discussion, all except clade D with maximum support. Mapping Sastre’ s (1995) sections for species for which we took the relevant information from his publications (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D4896FCFBF70677FB73" author="Sastre, C." box="[1017,1148,1147,1170]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" pagination="47 - 67" refId="ref21360" refString="Sastre, C. 1988. Studies on the Flora of the Guianas 34. Synopsis generis Ouratea Aublet (Ochnaceae). Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 1: 47 - 67." type="journal article" year="1988">Sastre, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D489180FBF706B7FB73" author="Sastre, C." box="[1157,1212,1147,1170]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" pagination="193 - 200" refId="ref21403" refString="Sastre, C. 1995. Novelties in the neotropical genus Ouratea Aublet (Ochnaceae). Novon 5: 193 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3392246" type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D4891C1FBF706F0FB73" author="Sastre, C." box="[1220,1275,1147,1170]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" pagination="105 - 118" refId="ref21437" refString="Sastre, C. 2001. New Ouratea species (Ochnaceae) from Venezuela and adjacent countries. Novon 11: 105 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10. 2307 / 3393218" type="journal article" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D489001FBF70731FB73" author="Sastre, C." box="[1284,1338,1147,1170]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" pagination="77 - 91" refId="ref21535" refString="Sastre, C. 2007. Six nouvelles especes d' Ouratea (Ochnaceae) des Guyanes. Adansonia, ser. 3, 29: 77 - 91." type="journal article" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) revealed that all sections were polyphyletic (suppl. Fig. S5). In particular,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D48963BFB37064EFB33" box="[830,1093,1211,1234]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Kaieteuria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D48963BFB37019EFB33" box="[830,917,1211,1234]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4896D1FB37064EFB33" box="[980,1093,1211,1234]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Kaieteuria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D4891B4FB37071CFB33" box="[1201,1303,1211,1234]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ouratella</emphasis>
|
||||
were spread across most of the clades. Topological artefacts as resulting from methodological issues and sometimes associated with either the concatenation or the coalescent approach can be ruled out as an explanation for the lack of congruence between our phylogeny and the sectional classification because all five major clades are recovered identically with both methods of phylogenetic inference.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="900D077A65080D499647FA37004FFC93" blockId="16.[789,1438,187,1970]" lastBlockId="17.[151,799,187,882]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
We also evaluated Van Tieghem’ s (1902) classification but did not find any congruent pattern. His genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489013FA570152F9F3" authority="Tiegh." authorityName="Tiegh." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Trichouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489013FA570796FA13" box="[1302,1437,1499,1522]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Trichouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
Tiegh.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is the only one which coincides in part with a subclade of our clade E. However, it is also polyphyletic and intermingled with species from two other genera he had defined. Therefore, many of the characters used for the infrageneric classification are supposedly homoplastic. This is most likely due to the explosive radiation during the early history of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965080D489042F9170796F953" box="[1351,1437,1691,1714]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865080D489042F9170796F953" box="[1351,1437,1691,1714]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="64">Ouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as inferred from the short branches along its backbone, and which also might explain why previous morphology-based infrageneric classifications in such speciose angiosperm genera often fail in defining monophyletic groups (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D489032F897017DF8B3" author="Simon, M. F. & Grether, R. & de Queiroz, L. P. & Sarkinen, T. E. & Dutra, V. F. & Hughes, C. E." pageId="16" pageNumber="64" pagination="1201 - 1221" refId="ref22307" refString="Simon, M. F., Grether, R., de Queiroz, L. P., Sarkinen, T. E., Dutra, V. F. & Hughes, C. E. 2011. The evolutionary history of Mimosa (Leguminosae): Toward a phylogeny of the sensitive plants. Amer. J. Bot. 98: 1201 - 1221. https: // doi. org / 10.3732 / ajb. 1000520" type="journal article" year="2011">Simon & al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D489680F8B70682F8B3" author="Goldenberg, R. & Reginato, M. & Michelangeli, F. A." box="[901,1161,1851,1874]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" pagination="537 - 551" refId="ref18214" refString="Goldenberg, R., Reginato, M. & Michelangeli, F. A. 2018. Disentangling the infrageneric classification of megadiverse taxa from Mata Atlantica: Phylogeny of Miconia section Chaenanthera (Melastomataceae: Miconieae). Taxon 67: 537 - 551. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 673.15" type="journal article" year="2018">Goldenberg & al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65080D48919DF8B70799F8B3" author="Moonlight, P. W. & Ardi, W. H. & Padilla, L. A. & Chung, K. - F. & Fuller, D. & Girmansyah, D. & Hollands, R. & Jara-Munoz, A. & Kiew, R. & Leong, W. - C. & Liu, Y. & Mahardika, A. & Marasinghe, L. D. K. & Connor, M. & Peng, C. - I. & Perez, A. J. & Phutthai, T. & Pullan, M. & Rajbhandary, S. & Reynel, C. & Rubite, R. R. & Sang, J. & Scherberich, D. & Shui, Y. - M. & Tebbitt, M. C. & Thomas, D. C. & Wilson, H. P. & Zaini, N. H. & Hughes, M." box="[1176,1426,1851,1874]" pageId="16" pageNumber="64" pagination="267 - 323" refId="ref20171" refString="Moonlight, P. W., Ardi, W. H., Padilla, L. A., Chung, K. - F., Fuller, D., Girmansyah, D., Hollands, R., Jara-Munoz, A., Kiew, R., Leong, W. - C., Liu, Y., Mahardika, A., Marasinghe, L. D. K., O' Connor, M., Peng, C. - I., Perez, A. J., Phutthai, T., Pullan, M., Rajbhandary, S., Reynel, C., Rubite, R. R., Sang, J., Scherberich, D., Shui, Y. - M., Tebbitt, M. C., Thomas, D. C., Wilson, H. P., Zaini, N. H. & Hughes, M. 2018. Dividing and conquering the fastest-growing genus: Towards a natural sectional classification of the mega-diverse genus Begonia (Begoniaceae). Taxon 67: 267 - 323. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 672.3" type="journal article" year="2018">Moonlight & al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Only at the level of smaller subclades, we discern some congruence with character combinations that defined Sastre’ s sections. For example, in clade D, we found a subclade uniting
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965090D499592FF3703B7FF33" authority="(Planch.) Urb." authorityName="Urb." baseAuthorityName="Planch." box="[151,444,187,210]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guildingii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D499592FF370316FF33" box="[151,285,187,210]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">O. guildingii</emphasis>
|
||||
(Planch.) Urb.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965090D4994C2FF370110FF33" authority="(Tiegh.) Steyerm." authorityName="Steyerm." baseAuthorityName="Tiegh." box="[455,795,187,210]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grosourdyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D4994C2FF37005CFF33" box="[455,599,187,210]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">O. grosourdyi</emphasis>
|
||||
(Tiegh.) Steyerm.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965090D499592FF5703C8FF13" authority="(Bonpl.) Engl." authorityName="Engl." baseAuthorityName="Bonpl." box="[151,451,219,242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mexicana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D499592FF570315FF13" box="[151,286,219,242]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">O. mexicana</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bonpl.) Engl.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965090D4994F8FF570110FF13" authority="Sastre" authorityName="Sastre" box="[509,795,219,242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoguildingii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D4994F8FF5700C5FF13" box="[509,718,219,242]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">O. pseudoguildingii</emphasis>
|
||||
Sastre
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which all share the set of characters of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965090D499721FF770113FEF3" box="[548,792,251,274]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Ouratella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D499721FF770071FEF3" box="[548,634,251,274]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">Ouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D4997B1FF770113FEF3" box="[692,792,251,274]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">Ouratella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Another subclade of clade D unites species belonging to
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D499592FEB702A1FEB3" box="[151,170,315,338]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">O</emphasis>
|
||||
. sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D4995EDFEB7035CFEB3" box="[232,343,315,338]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">Kaieteuria</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965090D499461FEB70042FEB3" authority="Sastre" authorityName="Sastre" box="[356,585,315,338]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="steyermarkii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D499461FEB70009FEB3" box="[356,514,315,338]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">O. steyermarkii</emphasis>
|
||||
Sastre
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965090D499754FEB702BBFE93" authority="Engl., O." authorityName="Engl., O." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thyrsoidea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D499754FEB700D0FEB3" box="[593,731,315,338]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">O. thyrsoidea</emphasis>
|
||||
Engl.,
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D499592FED702BBFE93" box="[151,176,347,370]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">O.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D4995B3FED702F5FE93" box="[182,254,347,370]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">clarkia</emphasis>
|
||||
Sastre,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965090D499455FED7005FFE93" authority="Sastre" authorityName="Sastre" box="[336,596,347,370]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arbobrevicalyx">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D499455FED70000FE93" box="[336,523,347,370]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">O. arbobrevicalyx</emphasis>
|
||||
Sastre
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), and there is also a clade uniting the Caribbean species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965090D499710FEF70110FE73" authority="(DC.) Baill." authorityName="Baill." baseAuthorityName="DC." box="[533,795,379,402]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="illicifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D499710FEF7009FFE73" box="[533,660,379,402]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">O. illicifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
(DC.) Baill.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965090D499592FE1703B6FE53" authority="(Tiegh.) Urb." authorityName="Urb." baseAuthorityName="Tiegh." box="[151,445,411,434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="agrophylla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D499592FE170322FE53" box="[151,297,411,434]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">O. agrophylla</emphasis>
|
||||
(Tiegh.) Urb.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965090D4994CDFE170111FE53" authority="(A. Rich.) M. Gomez" authorityName="M. Gomez" baseAuthorityName="A. Rich." box="[456,794,411,434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elliptica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D4994CDFE170036FE53" box="[456,573,411,434]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">O. elliptica</emphasis>
|
||||
(A.Rich.) M.Gómez
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965090D499592FE37036FFE33" authority="Urb." authorityName="Urb." box="[151,356,443,466]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lenticellosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D499592FE370326FE33" box="[151,301,443,466]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">O. lenticellosa</emphasis>
|
||||
Urb.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965090D499468FE37006CFE33" authority="(Sw.) Engl." authorityName="Engl." baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[365,615,443,466]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D499468FE3703E6FE33" box="[365,493,443,466]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">O. laurifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
(Sw.) Engl.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965090D49979DFE370359FE13" authority="(Planch.) Urb." authorityName="Urb." baseAuthorityName="Planch." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jamaicensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D49979DFE3702B9FE13" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">O. jamaicensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Planch.) Urb.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, some of which have been included in Van Tieghem’ s (1902)
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D499457FE7703ECFDF3" box="[338,487,507,530]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">Camptouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
. In clade E, we observe a subclade uniting species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965090D49949FFD9700A5FDD3" box="[410,686,539,562]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Polyouratea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D49949FFD9703FBFDD3" box="[410,496,539,562]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">Ouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
sect.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D499735FD9700A5FDD3" box="[560,686,539,562]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">Polyouratea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965090D4997BBFD9702D2FDB3" authority="Sastre" authorityName="Sastre" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scottii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D4997BBFD970114FDD3" box="[702,799,539,562]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">O. scottii</emphasis>
|
||||
Sastre
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965090D4995E7FDB703CBFDB3" authority="Ducke" authorityName="Ducke" box="[226,448,571,594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="discophora">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D4995E7FDB7037FFDB3" box="[226,372,571,594]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">O. discophora</emphasis>
|
||||
Ducke
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B27CF965090D4994CCFDB700A6FDB3" authority="Maguire" authorityName="Maguire" box="[457,685,571,594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ouratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decagyna">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C6DB6865090D4994CCFDB70040FDB3" box="[457,587,571,594]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="65">O. decagyna</emphasis>
|
||||
Maguire
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Although we may find consistent character combinations for smaller species groups, it might be difficult to find such combinations for the major clades in view of the short branches during early divergence events creating a scenario of incomplete lineage sorting at deeper time (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4237A8B65090D499496FD570050FD13" author="Xu, B. & Yang, Z." box="[403,603,731,754]" pageId="17" pageNumber="65" pagination="1353 - 1368" refId="ref23275" refString="Xu, B. & Yang, Z. 2016. Challenges in species tree estimation under the multispecies coalescent model. Genetics 204: 1353 - 1368. https: // doi. org / 10.1534 / genetics. 116.190173" type="journal article" year="2016">Xu & Yang, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and many clades with not yet well-fixed traits. However, morphological characters of diagnostic value that describe the here retrieved major clades will have to be searched and evaluated in an urgently needed taxonomic revision of that genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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