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<document id="2722D35988D6F6866E5062396E522506" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5519.3.5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13916049" ID-ZooBank="9097D9F7-0DE3-42DE-9993-B23BCC20834D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1728586965163" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Noboa, Michelle, Castillo, Carmen, Carvajal, Vladimir, Merino, Jorge, Gaona, Pablo, Viteri, Pablo &amp; Park, Chan Hwan" docDate="2024" docId="03F987ABFF87FF97FF4C86C6FD3EFA9B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5519.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5519 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5519.3.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Monalonion velezangeli" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="428" masterDocId="FFC0FFD3FF85FF92FFDB8745FFD9FFB4" masterDocTitle="First record of Monalonion velezangeli (Hemiptera: Miridae) affecting avocado and cherimoya (Annona cherimola) as new hosts in Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="429" masterPageNumber="423" pageNumber="425" updateTime="1728657752752" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A6C3A3D8C094CC2CBD00979460D13EE4">First record of Monalonion velezangeli (Hemiptera: Miridae) affecting avocado and cherimoya (Annona cherimola) as new hosts in Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E2EE1D49645A461445E4EE6FF4C56E06">Castillo, Carmen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="995F66057376CDF887439EC79C57D18F">Instituto Nacional de investigaciones Agropecuarias INIAP, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="D0793B56C5DACDC69C1D7B1B1C176D23">Instituto Nacional de investigaciones Agropecuarias INIAP, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03F987ABFF87FF97FF4C86C6FD3EFA9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F987ABFF87FF97FF4C86C6FD3EFA9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F987ABFF87FF97FF4C86C6FD3EFA9B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">
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<paragraph id="8BEF36BDFF87FF90FF4C86C6FAE3FDC1" blockId="2.[151,1437,387,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF87FF90FF4C86C6FE11FE29" bold="true" box="[151,456,387,413]" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">Damage and Host Plants</emphasis>
Nymphs and adults of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF87FF90FD0186C6FC5AFE29" box="[730,899,387,413]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velezangeli">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF87FF90FD0186C6FC5AFE29" box="[730,899,387,413]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">M. velezangeli</emphasis>
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were found on the leaves (
<figureCitation id="136B2A38FF87FF90FB1A86C6FAC5FE29" box="[1217,1308,387,413]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1136,1160]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,653,1113]" captionTargetId="figure-186@2.[151,1435,653,1113]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Nymph of M. velezangeli on an avocado plant. B. Adult of M. velezangeli on an avocado fruit. C. M. velezangeli bites on young avocado branches. D. Damage to small fruit of 2.2 and 2.4 cm in polar diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916051/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
) and fruits of avocado trees (
<figureCitation id="136B2A38FF87FF90FEAA86E2FE09FE75" box="[369,464,423,449]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1136,1160]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,653,1113]" captionTargetId="figure-186@2.[151,1435,653,1113]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Nymph of M. velezangeli on an avocado plant. B. Adult of M. velezangeli on an avocado fruit. C. M. velezangeli bites on young avocado branches. D. Damage to small fruit of 2.2 and 2.4 cm in polar diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916051/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Punctures from the insect caused welt-like lesions on the branches, commonly concentrated at the tip (
<figureCitation id="136B2A38FF87FF90FE7F868EFE24FE51" box="[420,509,459,485]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1136,1160]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,653,1113]" captionTargetId="figure-186@2.[151,1435,653,1113]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Nymph of M. velezangeli on an avocado plant. B. Adult of M. velezangeli on an avocado fruit. C. M. velezangeli bites on young avocado branches. D. Damage to small fruit of 2.2 and 2.4 cm in polar diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916051/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). Lesions on the fruits reached sizes of two to five mm in diameter. Initially, they were welts, then depressions formed in the pericarp of the fruit (
<figureCitation id="136B2A38FF87FF90FC5B86AAFC03FDBD" box="[896,986,495,521]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1136,1160]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,653,1113]" captionTargetId="figure-186@2.[151,1435,653,1113]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Nymph of M. velezangeli on an avocado plant. B. Adult of M. velezangeli on an avocado fruit. C. M. velezangeli bites on young avocado branches. D. Damage to small fruit of 2.2 and 2.4 cm in polar diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916051/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). When the puncture is recent or fresh, there is oxidation of perseitol, a seven-carbon alcoholic compound released in the injured areas of the avocado (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B4CFF87FF90FF448572FE68FDE5" author="Hoddle, M. S. &amp; Hoddle, C. D." box="[159,433,567,593]" pageId="2" pageNumber="425" pagination="1310 - 1316" refId="ref3705" refString="Hoddle, M. S. &amp; Hoddle, C. D. (2008) Lepidoptera and associated parasitoids attacking Hass and non-Hass avocados in Guatemala. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 (4), 1310 - 1316. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jee / 101.4.1310" type="journal article" year="2008">Hoddle &amp; Hoddle 2008</bibRefCitation>
), generating a solid white exudate in the form of splashes (
<figureCitation id="136B2A38FF87FF90FB888572FB77FDE5" box="[1107,1198,567,593]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1136,1160]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,653,1113]" captionTargetId="figure-186@2.[151,1435,653,1113]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Nymph of M. velezangeli on an avocado plant. B. Adult of M. velezangeli on an avocado fruit. C. M. velezangeli bites on young avocado branches. D. Damage to small fruit of 2.2 and 2.4 cm in polar diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916051/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). When the puncture is older than 10 days, it turns into a dark circular spot with necrotic tissue and a depression is observed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2F6635FF87FF90FF4C8335FBBBFB19" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13916051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916051/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="425" startId="2.[151,250,1136,1160]" targetBox="[151,1435,653,1113]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEF36BDFF87FF90FF4C8335FBBBFB19" blockId="2.[151,1436,1136,1197]" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF87FF90FF4C8335FECBFB3C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1136,1160]" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
A. Nymph of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF87FF90FE7A8334FDECFB3D" box="[417,565,1137,1161]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velezangeli">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF87FF90FE7A8334FDECFB3D" box="[417,565,1137,1161]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">M. velezangeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on an avocado plant. B. Adult of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF87FF90FC5E8334FBC1FB3D" box="[901,1048,1137,1161]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velezangeli">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF87FF90FC5E8334FBC1FB3D" box="[901,1048,1137,1161]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">M. velezangeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on an avocado fruit. C.
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF87FF90FAD28334FA45FB3D" box="[1289,1436,1137,1161]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velezangeli">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF87FF90FAD28334FA45FB3D" box="[1289,1436,1137,1161]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">M. velezangeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bites on young avocado branches. D. Damage to small fruit of 2.2 and 2.4 cm in polar diameter.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEF36BDFF87FF90FF1C8252FEC6FA51" blockId="2.[151,1437,1303,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">
The attack occurs both on small fruits of two cm in equatorial diameter and large fruits over five cm in diameter. Analyzing the lesions caused by
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF87FF90FD518279FCECFAE1" box="[650,821,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velezangeli">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF87FF90FD518279FCECFAE1" box="[650,821,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">M. velezangeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it was quantified that in seven days, an adult makes an average of 45.5 lesions or punctures per fruit. Consequently, the damage that a single insect can cause is of high impact on the productivity of the orchard. In the physiologically mature fruit, there is no evidence of pulp damage; however, the scarred lesions on the skin are evident as defects, affecting the commercial value of the fruit.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36BDFF87FF90FF1C82AAFDAAF9C1" blockId="2.[151,1437,1303,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">
The damage caused by
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF87FF90FE0482B5FD55F9BD" box="[479,652,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velezangeli">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF87FF90FE0482B5FD55F9BD" box="[479,652,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">M. velezangeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the fruit of cherimoya (
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF87FF90FC0F82AAFBB5F9BD" box="[980,1132,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cherimola">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF87FF90FC0F82AAFBB5F9BD" box="[980,1132,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">A. cherimola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is characterized by dark depressions of one to two mm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="136B2A38FF87FF90FD4D8156FD2BF999" box="[662,754,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1101,1125]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1075]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1435,179,1075]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Confirmation test for M. velezangeli damage in avocado and cherimoya. A. Healthy fruit. B. Fruit confined with an adult M. velezangeli. C. Fruit of 6.3 cm in polar diameter with damage due to the bug’s puncture. D. Fruit confined with an adult M. velezangeli. E. Fruit affected by M. velezangeli. F. Fruit with recent pitting (left) and fruit with old pitting (right) and beginnings of a saprophytic fungal infection." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916053/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). The appearance of the damage varies when the puncture is fresh or old (
<figureCitation id="136B2A38FF87FF90FE948172FE73F9E5" box="[335,426,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1101,1125]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1075]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1435,179,1075]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Confirmation test for M. velezangeli damage in avocado and cherimoya. A. Healthy fruit. B. Fruit confined with an adult M. velezangeli. C. Fruit of 6.3 cm in polar diameter with damage due to the bug’s puncture. D. Fruit confined with an adult M. velezangeli. E. Fruit affected by M. velezangeli. F. Fruit with recent pitting (left) and fruit with old pitting (right) and beginnings of a saprophytic fungal infection." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916053/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="425">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). The bug’s puncture likely facilitates the colonization of black saprophytic fungi by causing wounds in the fruit’s epidermis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2F6635FF86FF91FF4C8308FD86FB65" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916053" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13916053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916053/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="426" startId="3.[151,250,1101,1125]" targetBox="[151,1435,179,1075]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEF36BDFF86FF91FF4C8308FD86FB65" blockId="3.[151,1437,1101,1233]" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF86FF91FF4C8308FECDFBD1" bold="true" box="[151,276,1101,1125]" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Confirmation test for
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF86FF91FE20830BFD49FBD1" box="[507,656,1101,1125]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velezangeli">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF86FF91FE20830BFD49FBD1" box="[507,656,1101,1125]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">M. velezangeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
damage in avocado and cherimoya. A. Healthy fruit. B. Fruit confined with an adult
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF86FF91FF348337FE5AFB3D" box="[239,387,1137,1161]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velezangeli">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF86FF91FF348337FE5AFB3D" box="[239,387,1137,1161]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">M. velezangeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. C. Fruit of 6.3 cm in polar diameter with damage due to the bug’s puncture. D. Fruit confined with an adult
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF86FF91FF0A83D3FEBCFB19" box="[209,357,1173,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velezangeli">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF86FF91FF0A83D3FEBCFB19" box="[209,357,1173,1197]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">M. velezangeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. E. Fruit affected by
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF86FF91FDE483D3FD0DFB19" box="[575,724,1173,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velezangeli">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF86FF91FDE483D3FD0DFB19" box="[575,724,1173,1197]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">M. velezangeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. F. Fruit with recent pitting (left) and fruit with old pitting (right) and beginnings of a saprophytic fungal infection.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34A6536FF86FF91FF1C8266FD10FA8A" box="[199,713,1315,1342]" pageId="3" pageNumber="426" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEF36BDFF86FF91FF1C8266FD10FA8A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1315,1882]" box="[199,713,1315,1342]" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF86FF91FF1C8266FD10FA8A" bold="true" box="[199,713,1315,1342]" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">
Taxonomic Description of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF86FF91FDCC8261FD10FA8A" ID-CoL="43ZXL" authority="(Carvalho &amp; Costa)" baseAuthorityName="Carvalho &amp; Costa" box="[535,713,1315,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velezangeli">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF86FF91FDCC8261FD10FA8A" bold="true" box="[535,713,1315,1342]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">M. velezangeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A6536FF86FF96FD0B8266FE29F826" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="427" pageId="3" pageNumber="426" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEF36BDFF86FF91FD0B8266FE58FA1D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1315,1882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">
Adults of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF86FF91FC918261FC21FA89" box="[842,1016,1315,1341]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velezangeli">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF86FF91FC918261FC21FA89" box="[842,1016,1315,1341]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">M. velezangeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136B2A38FF86FF91FBD08266FBB3FA89" box="[1035,1130,1315,1341]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1373,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[151,1435,179,1348]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. M. velezangeli adult in vivo. B. Antennae with four segments. C. Rostrum of M. velezangeli with its four segments. D and E. Coloration diversity in the M. velezangeli pronotum (P), scutellum (S). F and G. Coloration diversity in the legs of M. velezangeli and creamy white strip in the middle of the femurs (CWS). H and I. Coloration diversity in forewings in cuneus (Cu) and corium (Co), spots inside (Si) and outside the vein in the membrane (Me)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916055/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) have a shiny black head with segmented antennae covered with small black hairs and divided into four antennomeres. The first is glabrous compared to the other three (
<figureCitation id="136B2A38FF86FF91FD8C822EFD6AFA31" box="[599,691,1387,1413]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1373,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[151,1435,179,1348]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. M. velezangeli adult in vivo. B. Antennae with four segments. C. Rostrum of M. velezangeli with its four segments. D and E. Coloration diversity in the M. velezangeli pronotum (P), scutellum (S). F and G. Coloration diversity in the legs of M. velezangeli and creamy white strip in the middle of the femurs (CWS). H and I. Coloration diversity in forewings in cuneus (Cu) and corium (Co), spots inside (Si) and outside the vein in the membrane (Me)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916055/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). The rostrum extends beyond the first pair of legs and has four segments (
<figureCitation id="136B2A38FF86FF91FECD82CAFEAAFA1D" box="[278,371,1423,1449]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1373,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[151,1435,179,1348]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. M. velezangeli adult in vivo. B. Antennae with four segments. C. Rostrum of M. velezangeli with its four segments. D and E. Coloration diversity in the M. velezangeli pronotum (P), scutellum (S). F and G. Coloration diversity in the legs of M. velezangeli and creamy white strip in the middle of the femurs (CWS). H and I. Coloration diversity in forewings in cuneus (Cu) and corium (Co), spots inside (Si) and outside the vein in the membrane (Me)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916055/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36BDFF86FF91FF1C82F6FF15F911" blockId="3.[151,1437,1315,1882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">
The thorax and abdomen are variable in color from black to orange. The pronotum and scutellum also show a diversity of tones (
<figureCitation id="136B2A38FF86FF91FE068292FDA8FA45" box="[477,625,1495,1521]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1373,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[151,1435,179,1348]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. M. velezangeli adult in vivo. B. Antennae with four segments. C. Rostrum of M. velezangeli with its four segments. D and E. Coloration diversity in the M. velezangeli pronotum (P), scutellum (S). F and G. Coloration diversity in the legs of M. velezangeli and creamy white strip in the middle of the femurs (CWS). H and I. Coloration diversity in forewings in cuneus (Cu) and corium (Co), spots inside (Si) and outside the vein in the membrane (Me)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916055/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">Fig. 3D, 3E</figureCitation>
). Intraspecific variability shows that colors vary among specimens of the same species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B4CFF86FF91FE5482BEFD9CF9A1" author="Carvalho, J." box="[399,581,1531,1557]" pageId="3" pageNumber="426" pagination="119 - 143" refId="ref3329" refString="Carvalho, J. (1972) Mirideos neotropicales, CXLVI: Genero Monalonion H. - S., 1853 (Hemiptera). Annais da academia brasileira de Ciencias, 44 (1), 119 - 143." type="journal article" year="1972">Carvalho 1972</bibRefCitation>
). There is also variability in coloration among adults depending on sex, with variations between black and red (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B4CFF86FF91FDA8815AFC86F98D" author="Giraldo, M. &amp; Benavides, P. &amp; Villegas, C." box="[627,863,1567,1593]" pageId="3" pageNumber="426" pagination="195 - 205" refId="ref3615" refString="Giraldo, M., Benavides, P. &amp; Villegas, C. (2010) Aspectos morfologicos y biologicos de Monalonion velezangeli Carvalho and Costa Hemiptera: Miridae en cafe. Revista Cenicafe´, 61 (3), 195 - 205." type="journal article" year="2010">
Giraldo
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF86FF91FD038165FCCCF98D" box="[728,789,1567,1593]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). For this reason, color is not a good descriptor for species determination (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B4CFF86FF91FE088106FD1AF9E9" author="Gamboa, J. &amp; Serna, F. &amp; Morales, I." box="[467,707,1603,1629]" pageId="3" pageNumber="426" pagination="144 - 168" refId="ref3543" refString="Gamboa, J., Serna, F. &amp; Morales, I. (2020) Current taxonomic knowledge of the genus Monalonion Herrich-Schaeffer, 1850 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae: Monaloniini). Boletin Cientifico. Centro de Museos. Museo de Historia Natural, 24 (2), 144 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.17151 / bccm. 2020.24.2.11" type="journal article" year="2020">
Gamboa
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF86FF91FD9B8101FDA2F9E9" box="[576,635,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). The hind legs are toned from chestnut to black, with femurs thickened toward the distal part, a creamy white band toward the middle, and densely hairy tibiae (
<figureCitation id="136B2A38FF86FF91FA9B8122FF67F911" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1373,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[151,1435,179,1348]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. M. velezangeli adult in vivo. B. Antennae with four segments. C. Rostrum of M. velezangeli with its four segments. D and E. Coloration diversity in the M. velezangeli pronotum (P), scutellum (S). F and G. Coloration diversity in the legs of M. velezangeli and creamy white strip in the middle of the femurs (CWS). H and I. Coloration diversity in forewings in cuneus (Cu) and corium (Co), spots inside (Si) and outside the vein in the membrane (Me)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916055/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">Fig. 3F, 3G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36BDFF86FF91FF1C81EAFAE1F8ED" blockId="3.[151,1437,1315,1882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">
The hindwings are membranous in texture, light cream to transparent in color; the hemelytra (forewings) are variably colored from ochre to black in the corium; depending on the individual’s morphotype, they present one or two spots inside the cell with the main vein near the cuneus and two outside the cell near the red vein (
<figureCitation id="136B2A38FF86FF91FF7B805EFEFCF881" box="[160,293,1819,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1373,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[151,1435,179,1348]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. M. velezangeli adult in vivo. B. Antennae with four segments. C. Rostrum of M. velezangeli with its four segments. D and E. Coloration diversity in the M. velezangeli pronotum (P), scutellum (S). F and G. Coloration diversity in the legs of M. velezangeli and creamy white strip in the middle of the femurs (CWS). H and I. Coloration diversity in forewings in cuneus (Cu) and corium (Co), spots inside (Si) and outside the vein in the membrane (Me)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916055/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">Fig. 3H, 3I</figureCitation>
), which matches the description by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B4CFF86FF91FD10805EFC64F881" author="Giraldo, M. &amp; Benavides, P. &amp; Villegas, C." box="[715,957,1819,1845]" pageId="3" pageNumber="426" pagination="195 - 205" refId="ref3615" refString="Giraldo, M., Benavides, P. &amp; Villegas, C. (2010) Aspectos morfologicos y biologicos de Monalonion velezangeli Carvalho and Costa Hemiptera: Miridae en cafe. Revista Cenicafe´, 61 (3), 195 - 205." type="journal article" year="2010">
Giraldo
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF86FF91FCF78059FCBEF881" box="[812,871,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="426">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
and differs from what Carvalho &amp; Costa (1998) reported: two spots inside the cell near the cuneus and another outside the cell near the vein.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2F6635FF81FF96FF4C8218FBEBFA56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916055" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13916055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916055/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="427" startId="4.[151,250,1373,1397]" targetBox="[151,1435,179,1348]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEF36BDFF81FF96FF4C8218FBEBFA56" blockId="4.[151,1437,1373,1506]" pageId="4" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF81FF96FF4C8218FECFFAC1" bold="true" box="[151,278,1373,1397]" pageId="4" pageNumber="427">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
A.
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF81FF96FE9B821BFE0EFAC2" box="[320,471,1374,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velezangeli">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF81FF96FE9B821BFE0EFAC2" box="[320,471,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="427">M. velezangeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adult in vivo. B. Antennae with four segments. C. Rostrum of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF81FF96FBA1821BFAC8FAC2" box="[1146,1297,1374,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velezangeli">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF81FF96FBA1821BFAC8FAC2" box="[1146,1297,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="427">M. velezangeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with its four segments. D and E. Coloration diversity in the
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF81FF96FDA982C7FCDCFA2E" box="[626,773,1410,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velezangeli">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF81FF96FDA982C7FCDCFA2E" box="[626,773,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="427">M. velezangeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pronotum (P), scutellum (S). F and G. Coloration diversity in the legs of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF81FF96FF3982E3FEAFFA0A" box="[226,374,1446,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velezangeli">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF81FF96FF3982E3FEAFFA0A" box="[226,374,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="427">M. velezangeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and creamy white strip in the middle of the femurs (CWS). H and I. Coloration diversity in forewings in cuneus (Cu) and corium (Co), spots inside (Si) and outside the vein in the membrane (Me).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEF36BDFF81FF96FF1C8171FE29F826" blockId="4.[151,1437,1588,1938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="427">
The male genitalia of the analyzed specimens match the description by Carvalho &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B4CFF81FF96FBA18171FAD5F9FA" author="Costa, L. &amp; Carvalho, J." box="[1146,1292,1588,1614]" pageId="4" pageNumber="427" pagination="893 - 896" refId="ref3370" refString="Costa, L. &amp; Carvalho, J. (1988) Mirideos tropicais, CCXCVII: Duas novas especies do genero Monalonion Herrich-Schaeffer (Hemiptera). Revista brasileira de biologia, 48 (4), 893 - 896." type="journal article" year="1988">Costa (1988)</bibRefCitation>
presenting a generic
<typeStatus id="54EB881FFF81FF96FF2A811DFEF8F9C6" box="[241,289,1624,1650]" pageId="4" pageNumber="427">type</typeStatus>
aedeagus with a large membranous portion (
<figureCitation id="136B2A38FF81FF96FCC5811DFCAEF9C6" box="[798,887,1624,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,727,751]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,179,701]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1435,179,701]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Structures of the male genitalia of M. velezangeli. A.Aedeagus: teak opening (at), teak (te), endosoma (en), seminal duct (sd), phallus base (bp), captured process. B. Left paramere: basal region (br), paramere body (pb), apical region (ar). C. Right paramere: basal region (br), paramere body (pb), apical region (ar). D. Agarose gel with PCR products for the COI fragment of five of the collected samples (MM= molecular weight marker, CN = negative control)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916057/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="427">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
) and an elongated basal plate. The left paramere is approximately twice the size of the right one, with a rounded apex (
<figureCitation id="136B2A38FF81FF96FC7B8139FC21F922" box="[928,1016,1660,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,727,751]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,179,701]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1435,179,701]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Structures of the male genitalia of M. velezangeli. A.Aedeagus: teak opening (at), teak (te), endosoma (en), seminal duct (sd), phallus base (bp), captured process. B. Left paramere: basal region (br), paramere body (pb), apical region (ar). C. Right paramere: basal region (br), paramere body (pb), apical region (ar). D. Agarose gel with PCR products for the COI fragment of five of the collected samples (MM= molecular weight marker, CN = negative control)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916057/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="427">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). The right paramere is small, simple, and curved with a sharp apex (
<figureCitation id="136B2A38FF81FF96FE3281E5FD99F90E" box="[489,576,1696,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,727,751]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,179,701]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1435,179,701]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Structures of the male genitalia of M. velezangeli. A.Aedeagus: teak opening (at), teak (te), endosoma (en), seminal duct (sd), phallus base (bp), captured process. B. Left paramere: basal region (br), paramere body (pb), apical region (ar). C. Right paramere: basal region (br), paramere body (pb), apical region (ar). D. Agarose gel with PCR products for the COI fragment of five of the collected samples (MM= molecular weight marker, CN = negative control)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916057/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="427">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). The genitalia description in the reference is brief, and it seems the variations of this structure within the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF81FF96FDD18181FD49F96A" box="[522,656,1732,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF81FF96FDD18181FD49F96A" box="[522,656,1732,1758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="427">Monalonion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are subtle and sometimes nonexistent, with no taxonomic descriptions clearly separating the species; however, we recognize that visually they resemble those described by Carvalho &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B4CFF81FF96FF4C8049FEF3F892" author="Costa, L. &amp; Carvalho, J." box="[151,298,1804,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="427" pagination="893 - 896" refId="ref3370" refString="Costa, L. &amp; Carvalho, J. (1988) Mirideos tropicais, CCXCVII: Duas novas especies do genero Monalonion Herrich-Schaeffer (Hemiptera). Revista brasileira de biologia, 48 (4), 893 - 896." type="journal article" year="1988">Costa (1988)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B4CFF81FF96FEBE8049FD8DF892" author="Giraldo, M. &amp; Benavides, P. &amp; Villegas, C." box="[357,596,1804,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="427" pagination="195 - 205" refId="ref3615" refString="Giraldo, M., Benavides, P. &amp; Villegas, C. (2010) Aspectos morfologicos y biologicos de Monalonion velezangeli Carvalho and Costa Hemiptera: Miridae en cafe. Revista Cenicafe´, 61 (3), 195 - 205." type="journal article" year="2010">
Giraldo
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF81FF96FE188048FE27F892" box="[451,510,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="427">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
. To clarify the taxonomic status of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF81FF96FBB98049FF3BF8FE" authority=", Gamboa et al. (2020)" authorityName="Gamboa" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF81FF96FBB98049FB32F892" box="[1122,1259,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="427">Monalonion</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B4CFF81FF96FB218049FF3BF8FE" author="Gamboa, J. &amp; Serna, F. &amp; Morales, I." pageId="4" pageNumber="427" pagination="144 - 168" refId="ref3543" refString="Gamboa, J., Serna, F. &amp; Morales, I. (2020) Current taxonomic knowledge of the genus Monalonion Herrich-Schaeffer, 1850 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae: Monaloniini). Boletin Cientifico. Centro de Museos. Museo de Historia Natural, 24 (2), 144 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.17151 / bccm. 2020.24.2.11" type="journal article" year="2020">
Gamboa
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF81FF96FAB98048FA44F892" box="[1378,1437,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="427">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
proposed a nomenclature for the male genitalia as a taxonomic tool, detailing the structures that compose this reproductive organ (
<figureCitation id="136B2A38FF81FF96FE768011FDD1F8DA" box="[429,520,1876,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,727,751]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,179,701]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1435,179,701]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Structures of the male genitalia of M. velezangeli. A.Aedeagus: teak opening (at), teak (te), endosoma (en), seminal duct (sd), phallus base (bp), captured process. B. Left paramere: basal region (br), paramere body (pb), apical region (ar). C. Right paramere: basal region (br), paramere body (pb), apical region (ar). D. Agarose gel with PCR products for the COI fragment of five of the collected samples (MM= molecular weight marker, CN = negative control)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916057/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="427">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
), but no differentiated descriptions for each species are presented, only a general one for the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF81FF96FEBB803DFE30F826" box="[352,489,1912,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF81FF96FEBB803DFE30F826" box="[352,489,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="427">Monalonion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2F6635FF80FF97FF4C8592FB5AFCEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916057" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13916057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916057/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="428" startId="5.[151,250,727,751]" targetBox="[151,1434,179,701]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEF36BDFF80FF97FF4C8592FB5AFCEF" blockId="5.[151,1437,727,859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="428">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF80FF97FF4C8592FECBFD5B" bold="true" box="[151,274,727,751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="428">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Structures of the male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF80FF97FDAB859DFCDBFD5B" box="[624,770,727,751]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velezangeli">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF80FF97FDAB859DFCDBFD5B" box="[624,770,727,751]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="428">M. velezangeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Aedeagus: teak opening (at), teak (te), endosoma (en), seminal duct (sd), phallus base (bp), captured process. B. Left paramere: basal region (br), paramere body (pb), apical region (ar). C. Right paramere: basal region (br), paramere body (pb), apical region (ar). D. Agarose gel with PCR products for the COI fragment of five of the collected samples (MM= molecular weight marker, CN = negative control).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34A6536FF80FF97FF1C84E8FD3EFA9B" pageId="5" pageNumber="428" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEF36BDFF80FF97FF1C84E8FEF1FBEC" blockId="5.[151,1437,941,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="428">
The identification of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF80FF97FE1E84E8FD75FC73" box="[453,684,941,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="428">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF80FF97FE1E84E8FD97FC73" box="[453,590,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="428">Monalonion</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
lacks sufficient taxonomic tools, and studies for understanding the interspecific and intraspecific morphological variations within the genus are scarce (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B4CFF80FF97FB418494FA48FC58" author="Gamboa, J. &amp; Serna, F. &amp; Morales, I." box="[1178,1425,977,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="428" pagination="144 - 168" refId="ref3543" refString="Gamboa, J., Serna, F. &amp; Morales, I. (2020) Current taxonomic knowledge of the genus Monalonion Herrich-Schaeffer, 1850 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae: Monaloniini). Boletin Cientifico. Centro de Museos. Museo de Historia Natural, 24 (2), 144 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.17151 / bccm. 2020.24.2.11" type="journal article" year="2020">
Gamboa
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF80FF97FADD8497FA9BFC5F" box="[1286,1346,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
, 2020
</bibRefCitation>
). Consequently, molecular studies of all described species and their
<typeStatus id="54EB881FFF80FF97FCA384B0FC3CFBBB" box="[888,997,1013,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="428" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
are necessary to clarify the variation of the morphological characteristics to determine whether they are one or more species and understand the phylogeny of the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36BDFF80FF97FF1C8324FD3EFA9B" blockId="5.[151,1437,941,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="428">
Regarding the molecular results of the present study, all specimens were similar. Amplicons of approximately 700 bp were observed (
<figureCitation id="136B2A38FF80FF97FE7E83C0FDD9FB14" box="[421,512,1157,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,727,751]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,179,701]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1435,179,701]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Structures of the male genitalia of M. velezangeli. A.Aedeagus: teak opening (at), teak (te), endosoma (en), seminal duct (sd), phallus base (bp), captured process. B. Left paramere: basal region (br), paramere body (pb), apical region (ar). C. Right paramere: basal region (br), paramere body (pb), apical region (ar). D. Agarose gel with PCR products for the COI fragment of five of the collected samples (MM= molecular weight marker, CN = negative control)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13916057/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="428">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
), suggesting that coloration is not an indicator of genetic differences, at least for the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene region. These assembled sequences were compared with the NCBI GenBank nucleotide database, and the matches were null for this species; therefore, this report constitutes the first molecular reference of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D3EFF80FF97FEF883B4FDE9FABF" box="[291,560,1265,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velezangeli">
<emphasis id="B924EAAFFF80FF97FEF883B4FDE9FABF" box="[291,560,1265,1291]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="428">Monalonion velezangeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the GenBank (Accession numbers: PQ046647.1, PQ046646.1 PQ046645.1, PQ046644.1), which can be used for future research.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>