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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48671e75-dd24-4e6d-8514-b0546ffd3fe3" ID-PMC="PMC4816990" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-60-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC26762742EFFBDFFAD0867FFB3FFBB" ID-PubMed="27081344" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576336" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2003-60-49" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 60" ModsDocTitle="Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of southern Africa: A generic disposition of the species and a study of their pollen" checkinTime="1455253102424" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Robinson, Harold, Skvarla, John J. &amp; Funk, Vicki A." docDate="2016" docId="07C626BA0E95F8068E3E40B1211364B4" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 60: 49-126" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 60" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734" docTitle="Gymnanthemum Cass. 1817" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFC26762742EFFBDFFAD0867FFB3FFBB" lastPageNumber="70" masterDocId="FFC26762742EFFBDFFAD0867FFB3FFBB" masterDocTitle="Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of southern Africa: A generic disposition of the species and a study of their pollen" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="68" updateTime="1668141640099" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of southern Africa: A generic disposition of the species and a study of their pollen</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Robinson, Harold</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Skvarla, John J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Funk, Vicki A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>60</mods:number>
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<mods:start>49</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734</mods:url>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127870831" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:07C626BA0E95F8068E3E40B1211364B4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/07C626BA0E95F8068E3E40B1211364B4" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName LSID="07C626BA-0E95-F806-8E3E-40B1211364B4" authority="Cass., 1817" authorityName="Cass." authorityYear="1817" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gymnanthemum Cass., 1817</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Photographs of Gymnanthemum: A Gymnanthemum corymbosum (Thunb.) H. Rob. B-D Gymnanthemum capense (A. Spreng.) J. C. Manning &amp; N. Swelankomo. See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77481" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
Figures 9
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed pollen of two collections of sublophate echinolophate Gymnanthemum capense (A. Spreng.) J. C. Manning &amp; N. Swelankomo. A Polar view B Equatorial view C Lateral view D Fractured grain structure of exine surfaces E Fractured grain showing spine construction. (A-C Schlechter 6644)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77482" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
; 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="68" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gymnanthemum</taxonomicName>
Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1817: 10. 1817. - Type:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum cupulare" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cupulare">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Gymnanthemum cupulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cass. =
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pers" authorityYear="1807" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharis senegalensis" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Baccharis senegalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob. &amp; B. Kahn" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Willd." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum coloratum" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coloratum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Gymnanthemum coloratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Willd.) H. Rob. &amp; B. Kahn
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bracheilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bracheilema" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bracheilema</taxonomicName>
R. Br. ex Salt., Abyss. Append. 65. 1814, nom. nud.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Decaneurum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Decaneurum" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Decaneurum</taxonomicName>
DC., Arch. Bot. (Paris) 2: 516. 1833, nom. superfl., type same as
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Gymnanthemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1838" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Plectreca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plectreca" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Plectreca</taxonomicName>
Rafin., Fl. Tellur. 4: 119. 1838. - Type:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Staehelina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Staehelina corymbosa" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corymbosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Staehelina corymbosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Thunb.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1838" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Keringa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Keringa" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Keringa</taxonomicName>
Rafin., Sylva Tellur. 144. 1838. - Type:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia amygdalina" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amygdalina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Vernonia amygdalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Del.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cheliusia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cheliusia" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cheliusia</taxonomicName>
Sch. Bip. in Hochst., Flora 24 [Intell. 1(2)] 26. 1841, nom. nud. -
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cheliusia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cheliusia abyssinica" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abyssinica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Cheliusia abyssinica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sch. Bip. =
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum amygdalinum" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amygdalinum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Gymnanthemum amygdalinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Del.) Sch. Bip. ex Walp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName authority="subsect. Urceolata" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subsect." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" subsection="Urceolata">Vernonia subsect. Urceolata</taxonomicName>
S.B. Jones, Rhodora 83: 67. 1981. - Type:
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Hoffm" authorityYear="1901" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia sphaerocalyx" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sphaerocalyx">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Vernonia sphaerocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
O. Hoffm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" type="descriptions">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Descriptions.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
Shrubs or small trees, moderately to densely branching; stems mostly terete, with solid pith; hairs of stem often forming a felt, with large often contorted
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="69" start="start">cap</pageBreakToken>
cells basally or nearly basally attached. Leaves alternate; petioles short, winged or elongate; blades membranaceous to rather coriaceous, margins entire to serrate or repand dentate, upper surfaces essentially glabrous and somewhat glossy to arachnoid tomentose; secondary veins pinnate, spreading at 30-80° angles, arching nearer margins. Inflorescences terminal, densely corymbiform, with small bracteoles; peduncles short. Heads with campanulate to cylindrical or ovoid involucres; involucral bracts coriaceous to subcoriaceous, appressed, 25-35 in 4-5 gradate series, inner bracts persistent to easily deciduous, outer surface with smooth median shield, without narrow median costa or keel; receptacles epaleaceous. Florets 5-50 in a head; corollas white to violet, basal tube cylindrical, throat longer than the anther thecae or very deeply cut, lobes with glands or spicules on outer surface; anther thecae with base broadly tailed, tails often long; apical appendages glabrous, with rather thick-walled cells; style base without or with scarcely distinct node; style branches with stout, pointed sweeping hairs. Achenes 5-10-costate, with or without setulae, raphids short to elongate, sometimes not evident; pappus of many rather persistent capillary bristles, often with
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="70" start="start">broadened</pageBreakToken>
tips, with outer series of short squamellae. Chromosome numbers n = 10, 15, 20 (
<bibRefCitation author="Jones, SB" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="168 - 171" publicationUrl="10.2307/2483355" refId="B20" refString="Jones, SB, 1970. Chromosome numbers in Compositae. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 97 (3): 168 - 171, DOI: 10.2307/2483355" title="Chromosome numbers in Compositae." url="10.2307/2483355" volume="97" year="1970">Jones 1970</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Jones, SB" editor="Loeve, A" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="119 - 128" publicationUrl="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1219710?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" refId="B22" refString="Jones, SB, 1982. . In: Loeve, A, Ed., IOPB Chromosome number reports LXXIV. Taxon 31: 119 - 128, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1219710?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1219710?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" volume="31" volumeTitle="IOPB Chromosome number reports LXXIV." year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Adegbite, AE" journalOrPublisher="Feddes Repertorium" pageId="49" pageNumber="98" pagination="513 - 518" publicationUrl="10.1002/fedr.200411050" refId="B1" refString="Adegbite, AE, Ayodele, MS, 2004. Cytogenetic and phylogenetic studies in the genus Vernonia Schreb. Feddes Repertorium 115: 513 - 518, DOI: 10.1002/fedr.200411050" title="Cytogenetic and phylogenetic studies in the genus Vernonia Schreb." url="10.1002/fedr.200411050" volume="115" year="2004">Adegbite and Ayodele 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="70">
Pollen: 30-35
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in diam. (dry); tricolporate, echinate, sublophate; tectum continuous in intercolpi and at poles, with distinct microperforations; spines long, each with single stout columella below firmly attached to footlayer, intervening perforated tectum scarcely mamillose on inner surface (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed pollen of two collections of sublophate echinolophate Gymnanthemum capense (A. Spreng.) J. C. Manning &amp; N. Swelankomo. A Polar view B Equatorial view C Lateral view D Fractured grain structure of exine surfaces E Fractured grain showing spine construction. (A-C Schlechter 6644)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77482" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">
10
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="974385" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77481" pageId="21" pageNumber="70" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Photographs of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">Gymnanthemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum corymbosum" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corymbosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">Gymnanthemum corymbosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Thunb.) H. Rob.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. C. Manning &amp; N. Swelankomo" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="A. Spreng." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum capense" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">Gymnanthemum capense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A. Spreng.) J. C. Manning &amp; N. Swelankomo. See Appendix C for citation details.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="974335" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77482" pageId="21" pageNumber="70" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">Figure 10.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed pollen of two collections of sublophate echinolophate
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. C. Manning &amp; N. Swelankomo" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="A. Spreng." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum capense" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">Gymnanthemum capense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A. Spreng.) J. C. Manning &amp; N. Swelankomo.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">A</emphasis>
Polar view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">B</emphasis>
Equatorial view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">C</emphasis>
Lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">D</emphasis>
Fractured grain structure of exine surfaces
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">E</emphasis>
Fractured grain showing spine construction. (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">A-C</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">Schlechter 6644</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="70">
Generic limits more restricted than given in
<bibRefCitation author="Robinson, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="51" pageNumber="100" pagination="220 - 247" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/3622/summary" refId="B38" refString="Robinson, H, 1999a. Revisions in paleotropical Vernonieae (Asteraceae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 112 (1): 220 - 247, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/3622/summary" title="Revisions in paleotropical Vernonieae (Asteraceae)." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/3622/summary" volume="112" year="1999 a">Robinson (1999a)</bibRefCitation>
, see
<bibRefCitation author="Robinson, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="52" pageNumber="101" pagination="600 - 607" publicationUrl="10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[600:SOTGVA]2.0.CO;2" refId="B45" refString="Robinson, H, Skvarla, JJ, 2006. Studies on the Gymnantheminae (Vernonieae: Asteraceae): restoration of the genus Monosis. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 119 (4): 600 - 607, DOI: 10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[600:SOTGVA]2.0.CO;2" title="Studies on the Gymnantheminae (Vernonieae: Asteraceae): restoration of the genus Monosis." url="10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[600:SOTGVA]2.0.CO;2" volume="119" year="2006">Robinson and Skvarla (2006</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Robinson, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="52" pageNumber="101" pagination="359 - 366" publicationUrl="10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[359:SOTGAV]2.0.CO;2" refId="B46" refString="Robinson, H, Skvarla, JJ, 2007. Studies in the Gymnantheminae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). II: A new genus, Decaneuropsis, from China, India, Southeast Asia, and Malaysia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 120 (3): 359 - 366, DOI: 10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[359:SOTGAV]2.0.CO;2" title="Studies in the Gymnantheminae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). II: A new genus, Decaneuropsis, from China, India, Southeast Asia, and Malaysia." url="10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[359:SOTGAV]2.0.CO;2" volume="120" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation author="Robinson, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="52" pageNumber="101" pagination="19 - 33" publicationUrl="10.2988/07-21.1" refId="B47" refString="Robinson, H, Keeley, SC, Skvarla, JJ, Chan, R, 2008. Studies on the Gymnantheminae (Vernonieae: Asteraceae) III: Restoration of the genus Strobocalyx and the new genus Tarlmounia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 121 (1): 19 - 33, DOI: 10.2988/07-21.1" title="Studies on the Gymnantheminae (Vernonieae: Asteraceae) III: Restoration of the genus Strobocalyx and the new genus Tarlmounia." url="10.2988/07-21.1" volume="121" year="2008">Robinson et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="70">
A special effort has been made to resolve the endemic southern African element of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">Gymnanthemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that includes
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum corymbosum" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corymbosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">Gymnanthemum corymbosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. C. Manning &amp; N. Swelankomo" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="A. Spreng." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum capense" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="70">Gymnanthemum capense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Swelankomo, N" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Botany" pageId="52" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 21" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.sajb.2015.07.015" refId="B53" refString="Swelankomo, N, Manning, JC, Magee, AR, 2015. The genus Gymnanthemum Cass (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) in southern Africa. South African Journal of Botany 101: 1 - 21, DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2015.07.015" title="The genus Gymnanthemum Cass (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) in southern Africa." url="10.1016/j.sajb.2015.07.015" volume="101" year="2015">Swelankomo et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="854906EEDFD9113A87C385BBC31B748E" ID-CoL="J8Q9" ID-ENA="274022" authority="Foerster, 1871" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ateleute" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ateleute linearis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1047" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linearis">
Ateleute linearis
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, 1871
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<paragraph id="FCE20A717179F56EB6C573B4921C3208" pageId="0" pageNumber="1047">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F9AAE06F58F20FD9361926F91C397336" pageId="0" pageNumber="1047">
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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; individualCount:
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; sex:
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; associatedSequences: voucher for DNA barcoding AH056; Taxon: order: Hymenoptera; family: Ichneumonidae; genus: Ateleute; specificEpithet: linearis; scientificNameAuthorship:
<normalizedToken id="D627A8BC18C145ADB805B837E45A781D" originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
, 1871; Location: country:
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; stateProvince: Aust-Agder; verbatimLocality: Lillesand, Vestre Grimevann lake; verbatimLatitude:
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; Identification: identifiedBy: Andrei E. Humala; Event: samplingProtocol:
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; eventDate:
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; habitat: oak forest; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<paragraph id="5F05BD87D35AC77657760564C1A08146" pageId="0" pageNumber="1047">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CFE535F9C75961E735273A1E4DEACD34" pageId="0" pageNumber="1047">Western Palaearctic; Finland, Sweden and NW Russia (Karelia, Leningrad region).</paragraph>
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