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<document id="8A3DA1FCAF2CC716A3EC4296CDC1CD7E" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1167" ID-PMC="PMC4152828" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-2-1167" ID-PubMed="25197240" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1314-2828-2-e1167" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 2" ModsDocTitle="Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Ceraphronoidea" checkinTime="1451253330618" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Broad, Gavin R. &amp; Livermore, Laurence" docDate="2014" docId="073E0573C9270271959BC0BE7902F110" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 2: e1167" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 2" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1167" docTitle="Conostigmus alutaceus Thomson 1858" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1167" masterDocId="FF871A4AFFBD9976FFF81F54B531FA0A" masterDocTitle="Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Ceraphronoidea" masterLastPageNumber="1167" masterPageNumber="1167" pageNumber="1167" updateTime="1668122701350" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<taxonomicName id="24B4D57C83F08AD5C804F86B742E4BCC" ID-CoL="XTH2" authority="Thomson, 1858" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1858" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Conostigmus alutaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alutaceus">Conostigmus alutaceus (Thomson, 1858)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="06BFAA7136222C5F8C81102A92EBB466" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Megaspilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megaspilus alutaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alutaceus">Megaspilus alutaceus</taxonomicName>
Thomson, 1858
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Ilyphagus_bythincola" authority="Chamberlin, 1919" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola Chamberlin, 1919</taxonomicName>
Figures 12
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
Chamberlin, 1919:402-403, pl. 69, Figs 4-9;
<bibRefCitation author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="69 - 215" title="Systematic account of some marine invertebrate animals from the deep basins of Southern California." volume="22" year="1960">Hartman 1960</bibRefCitation>
:131;
<bibRefCitation author="Levenstein, RY" journalOrPublisher="Okeanologiya" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="136 - 139" title="Novye dannye o mnogoshchetinkovykh chervyakh (Polychaeta) Yavanskoi vpadiny." volume="1" year="1961 b">Levenstein 1961b</bibRefCitation>
:136;
<bibRefCitation author="Fauchald, K" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 575" title="Benthic polychaetous annelids from deep waters off Western Mexico and adjacent areas in the Eastern Pacific Ocean." volume="7" year="1972">Fauchald 1972</bibRefCitation>
:224-225.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
Chamberlin, 1919:403-404;
<bibRefCitation author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="69 - 215" title="Systematic account of some marine invertebrate animals from the deep basins of Southern California." volume="22" year="1960">Hartman 1960</bibRefCitation>
:131-132.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Eastern Pacific Ocean. Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
(USNM 19748), one paratype (USNM 19384), off Mexico, R/V Albatross, Stat. 3415 (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="14.766666">14°46'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-98.666664">98°40'W</geoCoordinate>
), 1879 fathoms (3438.6 m), 10 Apr. 1891 (paratype two fragments; may belong to the same organism, not measured). Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
(USNM 19735), off Hood Island, Galapagos Islands, 12 miles (19.3 km) SE Ripple Point, R/VAlbatross, Stat. 4649 (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.5833333">01°35'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-89.5">89°30'W</geoCoordinate>
), 633 fathoms (1158.4 m), 10 Nov. 1904.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figure 1.
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
Chamberlin, 1919. A Holotype (USNM 19748) of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view B Same, ventral view C Same, anterior margin, chaetiger 1 D Same, close-up showing chaetal cage scars E Holotype (USNM 19735) of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view F Same, ventral view G Same, anterior end, dorsal view H Same, close-up showing chaetal scars and remaining chaetae. Bars.- A 5.9 mm B 5.6 mm C 1.5 mm D 0.8 mm
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
6.8 mm G 3 mm H 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figure 2.
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
Chamberlin, 1919, non-type specimens. A Complete (USNM-49080), dorsal view B Head (SIORAS-unnumb.), frontal view (BS branchial scars, LL lateral lip, PS palp scar) C Same, chaetiger 5, ventral view, left neuropodium and gonopodial lobe D Same, chaetiger 10, right parapodium E Same, basal, medial and distal notochaetal regions F Same, median region and tips of neurochaetae. Bars.- A 4.9 mm B 2.3 mm C 0.6 mm D 0.7 mm E 70
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
F 30
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="additional material">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Additional material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Eastern Pacific Ocean. One specimen (USNM 49080), off Mexico, R/V Albatross, Stat. 3415 (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="14.766666">14°46'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-98.666664">98°40'W</geoCoordinate>
), 1879 fathoms (3438.6 m), 10 Apr. 1891 complete, K. Fauchald, id. (24 mm long, 9 mm wide, cephalic cage +17 mm long, 22 chaetigers). Two complete specimens (SIORAS-unumb.), R/V Akademik Kurchatov, Stat. 294 (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.383333">08°23'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-81.0">81°00'W</geoCoordinate>
), off Nazca Ridge, 6200-6240 m, Sigsbee trawl, 31 Oct./1 Nov. 1968 (43-75 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, cephalic cage 0-13 mm long (broken), 22-23 chaetigers). Many specimens (SIORAS unnumbered), off Northern Peru, R/V Akademik Kurchatov, Stat. 301 (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-5.8616667">05°51.7'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-81.81333">81°48.8'W</geoCoordinate>
), 5300 m, 4 Nov. 1968 (best specimen 48 mm long, 19 mm wide, cephalic cage 21 mm long, 22 chaetigers).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
(USNM-19748) damaged, ovoid, body wall broken by compression, depressed (Fig. 1A); 48 mm long, 26 mm wide, cephalic cage chaetae broken, 21 chaetigers. Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
(USNM 19735) with body digitate, ovoid, pointed anteriorly, rounded posteriorly (Fig. 1E); 55 mm long, 20 mm wide, cephalic cage 36 mm long (tips broken), 24 chaetigers. Body surface densely papillated, with fine sediment particles trapped between p
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">apillae</pageBreakToken>
(Figs 1B, F, 2A); posterior region with longer papillae; each papillae filiform, most with tips pale, some with black tips.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Cephalic cage chaetae broken; scars present in chaetiger 1, short dorsal transverse row with 8-10 chaetal scars per side (Fig. 1C, D); holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
with chaetae at least twice as long as body width, perhaps as long as body length (Fig. 1E). Chaetiger 1 (and perhaps 2) involved in the cephalic cage, dorsal; most cephalic cage chaetae broken from the base, 8 notochaetae; neurochaetae lateral, 7 per side, arranged in a short row, transverse (oblique in
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
, Fig. 1G, H).
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">Non-type</pageBreakToken>
specimens with chaetae as long as body length (Fig. 2A). Anterior dorsal margin of first chaetiger papillated. Anterior chaetigers without larger papillae. Anterior end observed in a non-type specimen (SIORAS).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cephalic hood short, not exposed, margin smooth. Prostomium low, as dark as surrounding region; eyes not seen. Caruncle not seen. Palps large, thick, shorter than branchiae; palp lobes reduced. Lateral lips well developed; ventral and dorsal lips reduced.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Branchiae thick, digitate, in different sizes, sessile on branchial plate, in a horse-shoe pattern (Fig. 2B), one superior single row with four thick larger filaments, and six pairs of lateral filaments arranged in irregular double rows. Largest branchiae longer than palps. Nephridial lobes in branchial plate not seen. Chaetal transition from cephalic cage to body chaetae abrupt (most chaetae broken); first aristate neurospines in chaetiger 3. Gonopodial lobes not seen in holotype; non-type specimens with dark, digitate, small lobes in chaetiger 5 (Fig. 2C), or in chaetigers 5 and 6.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Parapodia slightly developed (Fig. 2D); notopodia without prominent lobe, chaetae emerge from the body wall. Median neuropodia ventrolateral, projected ridges.
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">No</pageBreakToken>
additional longer papillae associated with chaetal lobes. Noto- and neuropodia lateroventral, very close to each other.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Median notochaetae arranged in oblique rows, as long as one-fourth or one-fifth of body width, 2-3 per bundle; all notochaetae thin, multiarticulated capillaries, with short articles basally, median-sized medially, longer distally (Fig. 2E). Neurochaetae anchylosed aristate spines, 6-8 per bundle; broken, with short anchylosed articles, arranged in an oblique line. Other chaetal features not examined in holotype. Paratype with noto- and neurochaetae broken; non-type specimens with slightly curved, hyaline, smooth tips (Fig. 2F).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Posterior end rounded; pygidium with anus ventral, without anal cirri.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">The original body shape was digitate rather than sole-like; this distortion was the result of the sudden change of pressure, especially because of the sediment load in the dredge over its body. The damage resulted in the loss of all cephalic cage chaetae, but chaetal scars are visible in the corresponding position. This damage further compressed the body breaking its wall, and making it appear flat. Other specimens (SIORAS) are long, anteriorly swollen, posteriorly tapered; this is more pronounced among juveniles, and although the number of chaetigers is fixed early in development, counting depends on the presence of chaetae and they are often broken off.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
Chamberlin, 1919 and
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
Chamberlin, 1919 are herein regarded as synonyms. The latter has cephalic cage chaetae in an oblique row, rather than in a transverse one as in
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
. This displacement results in a larger area between chaetae and the anterior margin of chaetiger 1. However, because the anterior end of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
is severely damaged, and because other body features are similar, there are insufficientdifferences to keep them separate as distinct species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus hirsutus" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hirsutus">Ilyphagus hirsutus</taxonomicName>
Monro, 1937, but they differ in the relative number of neurochaetae in chaetiger 1 and in the relative smoothness of neurochaetal tips. Thus,
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
has about 8 neurochaetae in the first chaetiger, whereas there are 3-4 in
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus hirsutus" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hirsutus">Ilyphagus hirsutus</taxonomicName>
, and in the former, the neurochaetal tips are mostly smooth or barely hirsute, whereas in
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus hirsutus" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hirsutus">Ilyphagus hirsutus</taxonomicName>
neurochaetae are markedly hirsute. At the same time,
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus wyvillei" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wyvillei">Ilyphagus wyvillei</taxonomicName>
(McIntosh, 1885), but they differ in the relative number of neurochaetae in chaetiger 1 and in the number of branchial filaments. Thus, in
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
there are 8 neurochaetae per side and about 40 branchial filaments, whereas in
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus wyvillei" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wyvillei">Ilyphagus wyvillei</taxonomicName>
there are 10-12 neurochaetae and about 16 branchial filaments.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Apparently restricted to deep water off southwestern Mexico, to Galapagos and Peru, in 1260-6000 m. There have been two other records for this abyssal species.
<bibRefCitation author="Levenstein, RY" journalOrPublisher="Okeanologiya" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="136 - 139" title="Novye dannye o mnogoshchetinkovykh chervyakh (Polychaeta) Yavanskoi vpadiny." volume="1" year="1961 b">Levenstein (1961b:</bibRefCitation>
137, map), recorded it from the Java Trough, and
<bibRefCitation author="Kirkegaard, JB" journalOrPublisher="Galathea Reports" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="63 - 78" title="Benthic Polychaeta from depths exceeding 6,000 meters." volume="2" year="1956">Kirkegaard (1956</bibRefCitation>
:70, Fig. 9) recorded it from the Sunda Trench. The former (ZIRAS-9451) was based on a specimen broken in two, much damaged, collected in 6850 m depth (RV Vitjaz, Stat. 4535, 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="º">°</normalizedToken>
08'S, 107
<normalizedToken originalValue="º">°</normalizedToken>
55'E). It resembles
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
but better specimens are needed for a complete identification or description. On the other hand, the specimen from the Sunda Trench belongs to an undescribed species in
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Bradabyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bradabyssa" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Bradabyssa</taxonomicName>
, and will be described elsewhere.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Taxon classification Animalia Stylommatophora Camaenidae</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/0743AD7F-0D2D-4F22-9CB0-32AC923023C9" authority="Vermeulen, Liew &amp; Schilthuizen" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Trachia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachia serpentinitica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="serpentinitica">Trachia serpentinitica Vermeulen, Liew &amp; Schilthuizen</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="47" pageNumber="48">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figure 41
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Malaysia, Sabah, Sandakan Province, Gunung Meliau, South flank (BOR/MOL 3201).</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Shell dextral, medium-sized, thin, opaque, whitish with 3 rather narrow, brown bands: one slightly above the periphery, one below the suture and one basal, peristome white, spire low-conical with slightly convex sides; apex almost flat. Surface dull. Periostracum rather thick, easily peeling off in dead shells, translucent, greenish-corneous, with regularly spread, short hairs. Whorls convex and not shouldered, last whorl rounded at the periphery, convex below the periphery. Protoconch whorls rounded. Teleoconch: growth lines at irregular intervals, locally raised to inconspicuous, rather densely placed, flat riblets. No spiral sculpture. Aperture obliquely rhombiform, distinctly drawn out into a rounded beak on the paratal side, peristome only slightly reflected above the beak, distinctly so below the beak. Umbilicus closed, covered by an extension of the peristome. Dimensions: Height c. 11.5 mm; width c. 18.0 mm; diameters of the first three whorls c. 3.5 mm, c. 7.0 mm, c. 12.0 mm respectively; number of whorls c. 3 7/8; height aperture c. 7.5 mm; width aperture c. 11.5 mm.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="habitat in sabah and distribution">
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Habitat in Sabah and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Found in primary forest on ultrabasic bedrock. Alt. 600-700 m. Sabah: Gunung Meliau. Endemic to Sabah.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="cross diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Cross diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Uniquely identified among Sabah
<taxonomicName family="Camaenidae" lsidName="" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="family">Camaenidae</taxonomicName>
by its beak-like extension of the palatal side of the aperture. The only Sabah species with a similar beak is the ariophantid
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Dyakiidae" genus="Rhinocochlis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinocochlis nasuta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nasuta">Rhinocochlis nasuta</taxonomicName>
(Metcalfe, 1851), which has a flat, sharply keeled, entirely white shell without hairs on the periostracum.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">This species may be endemic to the Sabah areas on ultrabasic bedrock.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">The name refers that the species is found on serpentinite bedrock.</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Neoperla_henana" authority="Li, Wu &amp; Zhang, 2011" authorityName="Li, Wu &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Perlidae" genus="Neoperla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoperla henana" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henana">Neoperla henana Li, Wu &amp; Zhang, 2011</taxonomicName>
Fig. 3
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Perlidae" genus="Neoperla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoperla henana" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henana">Neoperla henana</taxonomicName>
Li, Wu &amp; Zhang, 2011: 33. Type locality: Henan Province, Nanyang, Laojieling.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
2 males, (CAU), China: Fujian Province, Mt. Wuyishan, Sangang,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="28.246334">27°74.78'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="118.1385">117°68.31'E</geoCoordinate>
, light trap, 6 Aug. 2006, Hui Dong.
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">China (Fujian and Henan provinces).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
This species was recently described by
<bibRefCitation author="Li, W-H" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="261 - 264" title="A new species of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China." url="10.3157/021.122.0308" volume="122" year="2011">Li et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
. The color pattern and terminalia among the types and present material show no variations. The type material (figs 1-3 in
<bibRefCitation author="Li, W-H" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="261 - 264" title="A new species of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China." url="10.3157/021.122.0308" volume="122" year="2011">Li et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
) seems two teneral specimens where the fine spinules of aedeagal sac are not as well developed as of the present ones (Fig. 3).
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