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<document id="F98A6692A629CAB318402C34F3307C04" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae141" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-ZooBank="A734E26-7465-4166-8E00-5EF40676FFEC" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1738156518435" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martin, Patrick, Fend, Steven, Martinsson, Svante, Klinth, Mårten, Torii, Takaaki &amp; Erséus, Christer" docDate="2024" docId="80735A2DFFAEFF8C15C2A44DFBA7ABFC" docLanguage="en" docName="zlae141.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 202 (4)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae141" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.10:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Haplotaxoides tehama Martin &amp; Fend &amp; Martinsson &amp; Klinth &amp; Torii &amp; Erséus 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" masterDocId="7C4A2255FFBEFF9E1671A15DFFB3A80A" masterDocTitle="Towards an integrative revision of Haplotaxidae (Annelida: Clitellata)" updateTime="1738157309937" updateUser="GgImagineBatch">
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<mods:title id="CB9B27935B172859A97764110A3E1AB8">Towards an integrative revision of Haplotaxidae (Annelida: Clitellata)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1E5E75B8F08397FDEB43BE0A9530E67E">Martin, Patrick</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="084CAF555CFF42F5EC3D2CE32FBADFC6">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4EACF9461FCC956D1F100B9B198B4999">Fend, Steven</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="ADC8D523FF3E512FD8AA74BC8F2CEA9D">756 West Vista Hermosa Drive, Green Valley, Arizona, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CE8D81CD7F86FC4D962B105DF5864E09">Martinsson, Svante</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DD647BF536E875FCC011CEFB398D884D">Systematics and Biodiversity, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="87EE56A8BE164ACB0B0B5A922752DFF3">Klinth, Mårten</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DE83924D92DB65BA523AA862116FD6FF">Systematics and Biodiversity, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="358D89FE9FE78B029B7C1A4E1427FA2F">Torii, Takaaki</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5C591C38D64B580A6DC26332BDC31BCB">IDEA Consultants Inc., Riemon, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka, Japan &amp; Institute for Environmental Sciences, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="402F0BCE42432219BA066A9A110AC709">Erséus, Christer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="733853FD6EEE61F8FD557E6C231388FD">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="23FBF725BCA09E39FEC74914C3FF14CD">
<mods:date id="244EDFE4DCBCAF1A6BA42A9143D8BA1F">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6DE9167D33533901DABF4C2AE4EF6F9B">2024-12-02</mods:number>
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<treatment id="80735A2DFFAEFF8C15C2A44DFBA7ABFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:80735A2DFFAEFF8C15C2A44DFBA7ABFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/80735A2DFFAEFF8C15C2A44DFBA7ABFC" lastPageId="18" pageId="16">
<subSubSection id="40C0B8B0FFAEFF8E15C2A44DFAFBAD20" box="[947,1352,1296,1323]" pageId="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFAEFF8E15C2A44DFAFBAD20" blockId="16.[947,1352,1296,1323]" box="[947,1352,1296,1323]" pageId="16">
<heading id="532D5C57FFAEFF8E15C2A44DFAFBAD20" bold="true" box="[947,1352,1296,1323]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" reason="2">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFAEFF8E15C2A44DFAFBAD20" bold="true" box="[947,1352,1296,1323]" pageId="16">
<taxonomicName id="CFDA90B8FFAEFF8E15C2A44DFB5DAD20" ID-CoL="CRBDD" authority="Fend" authorityName="Martin &amp; Fend &amp; Martinsson &amp; Klinth &amp; Torii &amp; Erséus" authorityYear="2024" box="[947,1262,1296,1323]" class="Clitellata" family="Haplotaxoididae" genus="Haplotaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxoidida" pageId="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tehama" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFAEFF8E15C2A44DFB01AD21" bold="true" box="[947,1202,1296,1323]" italics="true" pageId="16">Haplotaxoides tehama</emphasis>
Fend
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="219D8A52FFAEFF8E1280A44DFAFBAD20" box="[1265,1352,1296,1322]" pageId="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="40C0B8B0FFAEFF8C1254A462FBA7ABFC" lastPageId="18" pageId="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFAEFF8E1254A462FB64AD53" blockId="16.[825,1474,1343,1437]" box="[1061,1239,1343,1370]" pageId="16">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFAEFF8E1254A462FB64AD53" bold="true" box="[1061,1239,1343,1370]" pageId="16">
(
<figureCitation id="90E1F7BEFFAEFF8E125EA462FB78AD50" box="[1071,1227,1343,1370]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,146,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-7@15.[167,1406,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). CD, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible" pageId="16">Fig. 4CD, JL</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFAEFF8E1548A43BFBC5AD97" blockId="16.[825,1474,1343,1437]" pageId="16">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFAEFF8E1548A43BFBC5AD97" italics="true" pageId="16">
ZooBank LSID:
<uri id="7C4BE739FFAEFF8E1267A43BFBC5AD97" pageId="16">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="7C7CD1EEFFAEFF8E137DA43BFBC5AD97" pageId="16">37FA866E-433C-45C3-A409-DDFECAD66EAB</uuid>
</uri>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFAEFF8E1548A4EAFBE2AE27" blockId="16.[825,1475,1463,1581]" pageId="16">
<materialsCitation id="B8B2E166FFAEFF8E1548A4EAFBE2AE27" collectionCode="USNM, CE, PP" pageId="16" specimenCode="USNM 1716314, CE36030, PP988403" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFAEFF8E1548A4EAFC2AADC5" box="[825,921,1463,1487]" italics="true" pageId="16">
<typeStatus id="D7615599FFAEFF8E1548A4EAFC27ADC5" box="[825,916,1463,1487]" pageId="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="587C4340FFAEFF8E15DAA4EAFBEDADC5" box="[939,1118,1463,1487]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" type="Museum">USNM 1716314</specimenCode>
: an immature worm, anterior end whole mounted, posterior end analysed for DNA (
<specimenCode id="587C4340FFAEFF8E133DA48AFA04ADE5" box="[1356,1463,1495,1519]" collectionCode="CE" pageId="16">CE36030</specimenCode>
).
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFAEFF8E1548A4ABFCD6AE07" box="[825,869,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="16">COI</emphasis>
DNA-barcode in GenBank (acc. no.
<specimenCode id="587C4340FFAEFF8E1293A4ABFAE6AE04" box="[1250,1365,1526,1550]" collectionCode="PP" pageId="16">PP988403</specimenCode>
); for other molecular data, see
<tableCitation id="4558DE80FFAEFF8E1271A748FBF8AE27" box="[1024,1099,1557,1581]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[129,184,143,167]" captionText="Table 1. Specimens included in the molecular part of the study, with species name, specimen number, country of origin and GenBank accession numbers (those in bold refer to new sequences).Type status for specimens of newly described species is given in parentheses after the specimen no: (H) for holotypes and (P) for paratypes.For more details, see Supporting information, Table S1" pageId="16">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFAEFF8E1548A712FAAEAEAF" blockId="16.[825,1476,1615,1701]" pageId="16">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFAEFF8E1548A712FC0DAE6D" box="[825,958,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="16">Type locality:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="70CDABABFFAEFF8E15BCA712FBB2AE6D" box="[973,1025,1615,1639]" name="United States of America" pageId="16">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="CA1E25D9FFAEFF8E127DA712FBC6AE6D" box="[1036,1141,1615,1639]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="16">California</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="CFDA90B8FFAEFF8E12F1A712FA71AE6D" authority="Co., Sacramento River" authorityName="Co., Sacramento River" box="[1152,1474,1615,1639]" class="Clitellata" family="Haplotaxoididae" genus="Haplotaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxoidida" pageId="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tehama">Tehama Co., Sacramento River</taxonomicName>
at
<taxonomicName id="CFDA90B8FFAEFF8E1529A733FC4AAE8C" authority="Bridge" authorityName="Bridge" box="[856,1017,1646,1670]" class="Clitellata" family="Haplotaxoididae" genus="Haplotaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxoidida" pageId="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tehama">Tehama Bridge</taxonomicName>
, in side channel on left bank.
<geoCoordinate id="6DEE8DFCFFAEFF8E1335A733FA72AE8F" box="[1348,1473,1646,1670]" degrees="40.0273" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" precision="5" value="40.0273">40.0273º N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6DEE8DFCFFAEFF8E1548A7D0FC72AEAF" box="[825,961,1677,1701]" degrees="122.1180" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" precision="5" value="-122.118">122.1180º W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="7C64CDFBFFAEFF8E15B8A7D0FBF2AEAF" box="[969,1089,1677,1701]" pageId="16" value="2016-12-09">9 Dec 2016</date>
; collected by S. Fend.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFAEFF8E16F0A64BFE4CAFB3" blockId="16.[129,1468,1814,1978]" pageId="16">
spermathecae in VIVII, a partially mature
<taxonomicName id="CFDA90B8FFAEFF8E1467A64BFD5CAF24" authorityName="Fend" authorityYear="2024" box="[534,751,1814,1838]" class="Clitellata" family="Haplotaxoididae" genus="Haplotaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxoidida" pageId="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="decipiens">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFAEFF8E1467A64BFD5CAF24" box="[534,751,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="16">Haplotaxoides decipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Los Gatos Creek, California (
<typeStatus id="D7615599FFAEFF8E124BA64BFB26AF24" box="[1082,1173,1814,1838]" pageId="16" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
). G, midventral glands and ventral nerve cord in VIIVIII, an immature
<taxonomicName id="CFDA90B8FFAEFF8E1452A66FFD4FAF40" authorityName="Fend" authorityYear="2024" box="[547,764,1842,1866]" class="Clitellata" family="Haplotaxoididae" genus="Haplotaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxoidida" pageId="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="decipiens">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFAEFF8E1452A66FFD4FAF40" box="[547,764,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="16">Haplotaxoides decipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="70CDABABFFAEFF8E1542A66FFC28AF40" box="[819,923,1842,1866]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="16">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
Creek (non-type). H, nephridium in XLIV,
<taxonomicName id="CFDA90B8FFAEFF8E1348A66FFF61AF6C" authorityName="Fend" authorityYear="2024" class="Clitellata" family="Haplotaxoididae" genus="Haplotaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxoidida" pageId="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="decipiens">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFAEFF8E1348A66FFF61AF6C" italics="true" pageId="16">Haplotaxoides decipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Los Gatos Creek. IK,
<taxonomicName id="CFDA90B8FFAEFF8E1790A613FD1FAF6C" box="[481,684,1870,1894]" class="Clitellata" family="Haplotaxoididae" genus="Haplotaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxoidida" pageId="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tehama">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFAEFF8E1790A613FD1FAF6C" box="[481,684,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="16">Haplotaxoides tehama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from Sacramento River (
<typeStatus id="D7615599FFAEFF8E15ECA613FC49AF6C" box="[925,1018,1870,1894]" pageId="16" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
): (I) anterior end; (J) reproductive segments (XIXVIII), ventrolateral view, ventral glands and chaeta greatly enlarged in XVI; (K) a lateral view of XIII. L, reproductive segments (XII XVI) from a nearly mature
<taxonomicName id="CFDA90B8FFAEFF8E17F1A6DBFD4EAF94" authority=", Sacramento River" authorityName="Sacramento River" box="[384,765,1926,1950]" class="Clitellata" family="Haplotaxoididae" genus="Haplotaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxoidida" pageId="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tehama">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFAEFF8E17F1A6DBFDF8AF94" box="[384,587,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="16">Haplotaxoides tehama</emphasis>
, Sacramento River
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="D7615599FFAEFF8E1578A6DBFCD7AF94" box="[777,868,1926,1950]" pageId="16" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), ventral view, ovaries and female funnels obscured by gut contents, ventral glands enlarged in XVI.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5CA5BBB3FFAFFF8F1600A7B1FA1BAFEE" pageId="17" startId="17.[113,176,1772,1796]" targetBox="[176,1397,145,1743]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFAFFF8F1600A7B1FA1BAFEE" blockId="17.[113,1455,1772,2020]" pageId="17">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFAFFF8F1600A7B1FF75AF0E" bold="true" box="[113,198,1772,1796]" pageId="17">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CFDA90B8FFAFFF8F16B8A7B1FE29AF0E" authorityName="Fend" authorityYear="2024" box="[201,410,1772,1796]" class="Clitellata" family="Haplotaxoididae" genus="Haplotaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxoidida" pageId="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="decipiens">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFAFFF8F16B8A7B1FE29AF0E" box="[201,410,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="17">Haplotaxoides decipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Los Gatos (A, H, L) and Guadalupe (BG, IK, MO) creeks. A, a whole, slide-mounted
<taxonomicName id="CFDA90B8FFAFFF8F128DA7B1FF0CAF2A" authorityName="Fend" authorityYear="2024" class="Clitellata" family="Haplotaxoididae" genus="Haplotaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxoidida" pageId="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="decipiens">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFAFFF8F128DA7B1FF0CAF2A" italics="true" pageId="17">Haplotaxoides decipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(non-type worm) showing elongate habitus.B, head and pharynx of whole mounted worm (paratype). CD, sagittal section showing head and pharynx, and (D) shows detail of thickened circular musculature (non-type). E, pharyngeal musculature, from a whole mount (paratype); circular muscle visible in cross section, between the radial muscle strands in upper right. F, ventral chaeta, a whole mounted worm (non-type). G, sagittal section showing nephridial tissue in a posterior segment (non-type). H, ventral chaeta and ventral glands leading to midventral secretory surface; whole mount (ventrolateral view; non-type). I, ventral glands and coelomocytes; whole mounted worm (paratype). JK, ventral view of whole mounted worm showing midventral secretory surfaces of ventral glands in two segments (non-type specimens). L, reproductive segments of a partially mature worm stained with hematoxylin, showing sperm sacs in XIIXIII and small ovary in XV. M, gut in about segment VI, from a sagittal section (non-type). NO, gut in posterior segments, showing granular tissue; (N) is from a dissection, (O) from a sagittal section (both non-types).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFACFF8C16F0A1CCFCB1A9A9" blockId="18.[128,777,144,419]" pageId="18">
<materialsCitation id="B8B2E166FFACFF8C16F0A1CCFEE6A90C" collectingDate="1996-10-22" collectingDateMax="2016-12-09" collectingDateMin="1996-10-22" collectionCode="USNM" pageId="18" specimenCode="USNM 1716315-1716316" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFACFF8C16F0A1CCFF54A8A2" box="[129,231,145,168]" italics="true" pageId="18">
<typeStatus id="D7615599FFACFF8C16F0A1CCFF50A8A2" box="[129,227,145,168]" pageId="18" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="587C4340FFACFF8C1681A1CDFDBBA8A2" box="[240,520,144,168]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" type="Museum">USNM 17163151716316</specimenCode>
: from the type locality,
<date id="7C64CDFBFFACFF8C149EA1CDFF55A8CD" pageId="18" value="1996-10-22">
<collectingDate id="6C203413FFACFF8C149EA1CDFF55A8CD" pageId="18" value="1996-10-22">22 Oct 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
; one whole mounted, nearly mature worm (without DNA data);
<date id="7C64CDFBFFACFF8C1779A192FE3AA8ED" box="[264,393,207,231]" pageId="18" value="2016-12-09">
<collectingDate id="6C203413FFACFF8C1779A192FE3AA8ED" box="[264,393,207,231]" pageId="18" value="2016-12-09">9 Dec 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
; one whole mounted, mature worm (without DNA data)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="B8B2E166FFACFF8C172CA1B3FD4DA9A9" collectingDate="2016-12-09" collectionCode="USNM, CE, PP" pageId="18" specimenCode="USNM 1716, CE36028, CE36029, PP988457" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-immature="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="587C4340FFACFF8C172CA1B3FE53A90C" box="[349,480,238,262]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" type="Museum">USNM 1716</specimenCode>
3171716318: from the type locality,
<date id="7C64CDFBFFACFF8C16A9A050FEEBA92F" box="[216,344,269,293]" pageId="18" value="2016-12-09">
<collectingDate id="6C203413FFACFF8C16A9A050FEEBA92F" box="[216,344,269,293]" pageId="18" value="2016-12-09">9 Dec 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<specimenCount id="1EDC20B2FFACFF8C1717A053FE48A92F" box="[358,507,269,293]" count="2" pageId="18" type="immature">two immature</specimenCount>
worms, anterior ends on slides, posterior ends analysed for DNA (
<specimenCode id="587C4340FFACFF8C1455A070FD38A94F" box="[548,651,301,325]" collectionCode="CE" pageId="18">CE36028</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="587C4340FFACFF8C14E5A070FD4DA94F" box="[660,766,301,325]" collectionCode="CE" pageId="18">CE36029</specimenCode>
);
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFACFF8C16F0A011FF1EA969" box="[129,173,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="18">COI</emphasis>
DNA-barcodes in GenBank (acc. nos PP988401,
<specimenCode id="587C4340FFACFF8C16F0A036FF47A989" box="[129,244,363,387]" collectionCode="PP" pageId="18">PP988457</specimenCode>
); for other molecular data of CE36028, see
<tableCitation id="4558DE80FFACFF8C14C6A036FCB1A989" box="[695,770,363,387]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[129,184,143,167]" captionText="Table 1. Specimens included in the molecular part of the study, with species name, specimen number, country of origin and GenBank accession numbers (those in bold refer to new sequences).Type status for specimens of newly described species is given in parentheses after the specimen no: (H) for holotypes and (P) for paratypes.For more details, see Supporting information, Table S1" pageId="18">Table 1</tableCitation>
; individual CE36029 was not used in our phylogenetic analyses
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFACFF8C16F0A099FCB9AA30" blockId="18.[128,778,452,570]" pageId="18">
<materialsCitation id="B8B2E166FFACFF8C16F0A099FE3CA9F1" collectingDate="1996-10-22" collectorName="S. Fend" country="United States of America" location="California" pageId="18" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="California">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFACFF8C16F0A099FEA8A9D6" box="[129,283,452,476]" italics="true" pageId="18">
<typeStatus id="D7615599FFACFF8C16F0A099FEA5A9D6" box="[129,278,452,476]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="18">Other material</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="A52F8EEDFFACFF8C175DA099FEC8A9D6" box="[300,379,452,476]" pageId="18">S. Fend</collectorName>
collection:
<collectingCountry id="70CDABABFFACFF8C1788A099FD9EA9D6" box="[505,557,452,476]" name="United States of America" pageId="18">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="CA1E25D9FFACFF8C1448A099FD11A9D6" box="[569,674,452,476]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="18">California</collectingRegion>
, from the
<typeStatus id="D7615599FFACFF8C16F0A0B9FF1CA9F6" box="[129,175,484,508]" pageId="18">type</typeStatus>
locality,
<date id="7C64CDFBFFACFF8C177BA0BEFE3CA9F1" box="[266,399,483,507]" pageId="18" value="1996-10-22">
<collectingDate id="6C203413FFACFF8C177BA0BEFE3CA9F1" box="[266,399,483,507]" pageId="18" value="1996-10-22">22 Oct 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 10 whole mounts.
<date id="7C64CDFBFFACFF8C142BA0BEFD64A9F1" box="[602,727,483,507]" pageId="18" value="2016-11-09">9 Nov 2016</date>
;
<materialsCitation id="B8B2E166FFACFF8C1493A0B9FF04AA30" collectingDate="1996-10-21" country="United States of America" county="Shasta Co." location="Redding" municipality="Sacramento River" pageId="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California">
two whole mounts.
<collectingCounty id="E10493B7FFACFF8C176CA35EFE3AAA11" box="[285,393,515,539]" pageId="18">Shasta Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="E8017141FFACFF8C17E0A35EFDF5AA11" box="[401,582,515,539]" pageId="18">Sacramento River</collectingMunicipality>
at
<location id="0D05BDE0FFACFF8C1413A35EFD0FAA11" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:80735A2DFFAEFF8C15C2A44DFBA7ABFC:0D05BDE0FFACFF8C1413A35EFD0FAA11" box="[610,700,515,539]" country="United States of America" county="Shasta Co." municipality="Sacramento River" name="Redding" pageId="18" stateProvince="California">Redding</location>
,
<date id="7C64CDFBFFACFF8C14B4A35EFF04AA30" pageId="18" value="1996-10-21">
<collectingDate id="6C203413FFACFF8C14B4A35EFF04AA30" pageId="18" value="1996-10-21">21 Oct 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; four whole mounts. All immature, all collected by S. Fend.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFACFF8C17E3A304FE4BAA79" blockId="18.[402,504,601,627]" box="[402,504,601,627]" pageId="18">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFACFF8C17E3A304FE4BAA79" box="[402,504,601,627]" italics="true" pageId="18">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFACFF8C16F0A3DDFD97AADD" blockId="18.[129,778,640,727]" pageId="18">
<materialsCitation id="B8B2E166FFACFF8C16F0A3DDFD93AADD" county="Tehama" location="Nomlaki" municipality="The" pageId="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California">
Named
<taxonomicName id="CFDA90B8FFACFF8C16A4A3DDFEADAA92" box="[213,286,640,664]" class="Clitellata" family="Haplotaxoididae" genus="Haplotaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxoidida" pageId="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tehama">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFACFF8C16A4A3DDFEADAA92" box="[213,286,640,664]" italics="true" pageId="18">tehama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the
<typeStatus id="D7615599FFACFF8C1706A3DDFE16AA92" box="[375,421,640,664]" pageId="18">type</typeStatus>
locality, near
<collectingCounty id="E10493B7FFACFF8C144DA3DDFD23AA92" box="[572,656,640,664]" pageId="18">Tehama</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="CA1E25D9FFACFF8C14ECA3DDFCB4AA92" box="[669,775,640,664]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="18">California</collectingRegion>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="E8017141FFACFF8C16F0A3C2FF1BAABD" box="[129,168,671,695]" pageId="18">The</collectingMunicipality>
word is of uncertain origin, but most likely a
<location id="0D05BDE0FFACFF8C1404A3C2FD7CAABD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:80735A2DFFAEFF8C15C2A44DFBA7ABFC:0D05BDE0FFACFF8C1404A3C2FD7CAABD" box="[629,719,671,695]" county="Tehama" municipality="The" name="Nomlaki" pageId="18" stateProvince="California">Nomlaki</location>
word for the location on the
<location id="0D05BDE0FFACFF8C1718A3E2FD93AADD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:80735A2DFFAEFF8C15C2A44DFBA7ABFC:0D05BDE0FFACFF8C1718A3E2FD93AADD" box="[361,544,703,727]" county="Tehama" municipality="The" name="Sacramento River" pageId="18" stateProvince="California">Sacramento River</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFACFF8C176BA245FDC3AB3B" blockId="18.[127,779,791,1982]" box="[282,624,791,817]" pageId="18">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFACFF8C176BA245FDC3AB3B" box="[282,624,791,817]" italics="true" pageId="18">Description, nearly mature specimens</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFACFF8C16F0A260FE64AC3B" blockId="18.[127,779,791,1982]" pageId="18">
Length
<quantity id="CF2246DEFFACFF8C16A7A260FEFBAB5F" box="[214,328,829,853]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="41.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="41.0">4142 mm</quantity>
, diameter in X
<quantity id="CF2246DEFFACFF8C178BA260FD22AB5F" box="[506,657,829,853]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="0.29" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.28">0.280.30 mm</quantity>
, maximum diameter
<quantity id="CF2246DEFFACFF8C1699A200FECCAB7E" box="[232,383,861,885]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="0.325" valueMax="0.37" valueMin="0.28">0.280.37 mm</quantity>
, 159169 segments. Dorsal chaetae (
<figureCitation id="90E1F7BEFFACFF8C16FAA221FF6AAB9E" box="[139,217,892,916]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,146,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-7@15.[167,1406,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). CD, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible" pageId="18">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
) slightly sigmoid, simple-pointed, length 4865 μm, diameter 3 μm with nodulus 0.430.49 the chaetal length from the tip. Ventral chaetae with a straight basal shaft and strongly arcuate distal part, tip with a small dorsal keel; length to 102119 μm in middle and posterior segments, diameter 57 μm, nodulus 0.370.43 the length from the tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFACFF8C16EDA565FD87AD41" blockId="18.[127,779,791,1982]" pageId="18">
Head and musculature of mouth and anterior gut as described above, for
<taxonomicName id="CFDA90B8FFACFF8C169AA50AFE66AC65" authorityName="Fend" authorityYear="2024" box="[235,469,1111,1135]" class="Clitellata" family="Haplotaxoididae" genus="Haplotaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxoidida" pageId="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="decipiens">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFACFF8C169AA50AFE66AC65" box="[235,469,1111,1135]" italics="true" pageId="18">Haplotaxoides decipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(cf.
<figureCitation id="90E1F7BEFFACFF8C1473A50AFDF1AC65" box="[514,578,1111,1135]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,146,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-7@15.[167,1406,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). CD, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible" pageId="18">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
). Cuticular layer of body wall about 3 μm thick throughout. Prostomium anterior to transverse groove longer (190200 μm) than wide (90130 μm). Coelomocytes numerous throughout body, oval, 1020 μm long, 710 μm wide. Midventral glands as described above for
<taxonomicName id="CFDA90B8FFACFF8C16D2A5A9FE3FAD06" authorityName="Fend" authorityYear="2024" box="[163,396,1268,1292]" class="Clitellata" family="Haplotaxoididae" genus="Haplotaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxoidida" pageId="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="decipiens">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFACFF8C16D2A5A9FE3FAD06" box="[163,396,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="18">Haplotaxoides decipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, usually 3 per cluster, to 150 μm long, 3050 μm wide in mid-body. Nephridia as described above. Blood vessels obscure in available material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFACFF8C16EDA40FFD2CAE8E" blockId="18.[127,779,791,1982]" pageId="18">
Reproductive organs: testes in XIIXIII, sperm sac extending anteriad to IX or X, posteriorly through XIX; ovaries in XV.Large, transverse pores anterior to ventral chaetae in XIII; pores surrounded by a thick, glandular mass of columnar cells, about 120 μm wide (
<figureCitation id="90E1F7BEFFACFF8C169AA492FEE2ADED" box="[235,337,1487,1511]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,146,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-7@15.[167,1406,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). CD, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible" pageId="18">Fig. 4KL</figureCitation>
). Male funnels on 12/13 and 13/14, large and thick, each extending into anterior segment, but without sperm. Vasa deferentia simple, thin and inconspicuous; sinuous, apparently terminating in front of modified chaetae in XIII and XIV. Simple female funnels on 15/16 apparently extending into XVI. Spermathecae were not seen in either specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFACFF8C16EDA7D1FD7CAFB7" blockId="18.[127,779,791,1982]" pageId="18">
<materialsCitation id="B8B2E166FFACFF8C16EDA7D1FD79AFB7" collectionCode="XIII, XIV, XVI" pageId="18" specimenCode="USNM 1716316" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
In the mature 2016 specimen (
<typeStatus id="D7615599FFACFF8C1792A7D6FDF2AEA9" box="[483,577,1675,1699]" pageId="18" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="587C4340FFACFF8C1438A7D6FD4DAEA9" box="[585,766,1675,1699]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" type="Museum">USNM 1716316</specimenCode>
), ventral chaetae in
<collectionCode id="6ECB73FEFFACFF8C174DA7F6FED4AEC8" box="[316,359,1707,1730]" pageId="18">XIII</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="6ECB73FEFFACFF8C1705A7F6FE13AEC8" box="[372,416,1707,1730]" pageId="18">XIV</collectionCode>
strongly curved at base, remainder straight, with faint nodulus near basal 1/3; length about 175 μm, diameter about 6 μm, slightly widened at spear-shaped tip (
<figureCitation id="90E1F7BEFFACFF8C16FAA654FF5AAF2A" box="[139,233,1801,1825]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,146,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-7@15.[167,1406,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). CD, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible" pageId="18">Fig. 4D, J</figureCitation>
). Midventral glands in
<collectionCode id="6ECB73FEFFACFF8C17A9A654FDB0AF2A" box="[472,515,1801,1824]" pageId="18">XIII</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="6ECB73FEFFACFF8C147EA654FD88AF2A" box="[527,571,1801,1824]" pageId="18">XIV</collectionCode>
enlarged and highly granular (
<figureCitation id="90E1F7BEFFACFF8C1697A675FEF7AF35" box="[230,324,1832,1856]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,146,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-7@15.[167,1406,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). CD, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible" pageId="18">Fig. 4J, K</figureCitation>
). Ovaries in XV only, simple female funnels to 70 μm high, on 15/16. One or two of the ventral glands in
<collectionCode id="6ECB73FEFFACFF8C1491A615FCB9AF55" box="[736,778,1864,1887]" pageId="18">XVI</collectionCode>
greatly enlarged (to 350 × 220 μm) and highly granular (
<figureCitation id="90E1F7BEFFACFF8C14C6A63AFD45AF75" box="[695,758,1895,1919]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,146,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-7@15.[167,1406,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). CD, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible" pageId="18">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
); corresponding chaetae enlarged and modified, to 185 μm long and 819 μm thick, straight and simple-pointed (
<figureCitation id="90E1F7BEFFACFF8C1402A6F8FD0DAFB7" box="[627,702,1957,1981]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,146,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-7@15.[167,1406,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). CD, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible" pageId="18">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFACFF8C1524A1CDFAB0A92C" blockId="18.[825,1475,144,294]" pageId="18">
<materialsCitation id="B8B2E166FFACFF8C1524A1CDFB4CA92C" collectionCode="XIII, XIV, XVI" pageId="18" specimenCode="USNM 1716315" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
The 1996 specimen (
<typeStatus id="D7615599FFACFF8C1244A1CDFB20A8A2" box="[1077,1171,144,168]" pageId="18" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="587C4340FFACFF8C12ECA1CDFAE2A8A2" box="[1181,1361,144,168]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" type="Museum">USNM 1716315</specimenCode>
) (
<figureCitation id="90E1F7BEFFACFF8C131DA1CDFA04A8A2" box="[1388,1463,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,146,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-7@15.[167,1406,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). CD, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible" pageId="18">Fig. 4L</figureCitation>
) had partially developed genital chaetae in
<collectionCode id="6ECB73FEFFACFF8C1292A1EDFABDA8CD" box="[1251,1294,176,199]" pageId="18">XIII</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="6ECB73FEFFACFF8C136AA1EDFAF4A8CD" box="[1307,1351,176,199]" pageId="18">XIV</collectionCode>
and in
<collectionCode id="6ECB73FEFFACFF8C13E3A1EDFA0DA8CD" box="[1426,1470,176,199]" pageId="18">XVI</collectionCode>
, adjacent to normal somatic chaetae. Midventral glands in
<collectionCode id="6ECB73FEFFACFF8C13E6A192FA70A8EC" box="[1431,1475,207,230]" pageId="18">XIII</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="6ECB73FEFFACFF8C1517A1B3FC22A90F" box="[870,913,238,261]" pageId="18">XIV</collectionCode>
were somewhat enlarged, and two glands in
<collectionCode id="6ECB73FEFFACFF8C1311A1B3FA39A90F" box="[1376,1418,238,261]" pageId="18">XVI</collectionCode>
were larger, extending up the sides of the segment
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFACFF8C1222A018FB14A955" blockId="18.[825,1476,325,732]" box="[1107,1191,325,351]" pageId="18">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFACFF8C1222A018FB14A955" box="[1107,1191,325,351]" italics="true" pageId="18">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFACFF8C1548A036FBE8AAD6" blockId="18.[825,1476,325,732]" pageId="18">
Although not sequenced, the specimens used to describe the sexual structures are considered
<typeStatus id="D7615599FFACFF8C12FAA0D6FB5CA9A9" box="[1163,1263,395,419]" pageId="18" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, as all types are reasonably similar and were found in the same microhabitat. As noted above,
<taxonomicName id="CFDA90B8FFACFF8C15A0A094FB06A9EB" box="[977,1205,457,481]" class="Clitellata" family="Haplotaxoididae" genus="Haplotaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxoidida" pageId="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tehama">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFACFF8C15A0A094FB06A9EB" box="[977,1205,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="18">Haplotaxoides tehama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens are generally smaller than
<taxonomicName id="CFDA90B8FFACFF8C15B0A0B4FB1DAA0B" authorityName="Fend" authorityYear="2024" box="[961,1198,489,513]" class="Clitellata" family="Haplotaxoididae" genus="Haplotaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxoidida" pageId="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="decipiens">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFACFF8C15B0A0B4FB1DAA0B" box="[961,1198,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="18">Haplotaxoides decipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the cuticular layer of the integument is thinner. Spermathecae or dorsal glands (cf.
<figureCitation id="90E1F7BEFFACFF8C1548A37AFC31AA35" box="[825,898,551,575]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,146,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-7@15.[167,1406,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). CD, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible" pageId="18">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
) were not seen in anterior segments. Other characters, such as morphology of chaetae, development of the pharynx, and distribution of coelomocytes were not noticeably different between the two taxa. Further morphological differentiation among species within this family may await collections of reproductively mature specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFACFF8C1246A3A1FB70AB1F" blockId="18.[825,1474,763,1014]" box="[1079,1219,763,790]" pageId="18">
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFACFF8C1246A3A1FB70AB1F" box="[1079,1219,763,790]" italics="true" pageId="18">Site description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0865EB3BFFACFF8C1548A27FFBA7ABFC" blockId="18.[825,1474,763,1014]" pageId="18">
The Sacramento River site is a large river with flow controlled by the upstream Shasta Reservoir. Although the region is subject to intensive agricultural land use, water temperature is generally between 10 and 20 °C, and many native fish populations are maintained (
<bibRefCitation id="6C4B96CAFFACFF8C1593A2C2FB7AABBD" author="Domagalski JL &amp; Donna L &amp; Knifong DL" box="[994,1225,927,951]" pageId="18" refId="ref33289" refString="Domagalski JL, Donna L, Knifong DL et al. Water Quality in the Sacramento River Basin, California, 1994 - 98, U. S. Geological Survey Circular 1215. Denver, USA: U. S. Geological Survey, 2000." type="book" year="2000">
Domagalski
<emphasis id="3AAE3729FFACFF8C1210A2FDFB23ABBD" box="[1121,1168,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="18">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="6C4B96CAFFACFF8C12A5A2FDFA02ABBD" author="May JL &amp; Brown LR" box="[1236,1457,927,952]" pageId="18" refId="ref35185" refString="May JL, Brown LR. Fish Community Structure in Relation to Environmental Variables within the Sacramento River Basin and Implications for the Greater Central Valley, California, U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00 - 247. U. S. Geological Survey, 2000." type="book" year="2000">May and Brown 2000</bibRefCitation>
). The sampled site is a riffle area in a side channel, with gravel to cobble-size substrate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="7770332BFF996B02FC1E834DF827FEC9" blockId="2.[1009,1290,331,358]" box="[1009,1290,331,358]" pageId="2">
<heading id="2C388447FF996B02FC1E834DF827FEC9" bold="true" box="[1009,1290,331,358]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" reason="2">
<emphasis id="45BBEF39FF996B02FC1E834DF827FEC9" bold="true" box="[1009,1290,331,358]" pageId="2">
<taxonomicName id="B0CF48A8FF996B02FC1E834DF9B0FEC9" authorityName="Omar &amp; Jung" authorityYear="2024" box="[1009,1181,331,358]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Apostylonychia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="2" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="45BBEF39FF996B02FC1E834DF9B0FEC9" bold="true" box="[1009,1181,331,358]" italics="true" pageId="2">Apostylonychia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5E885242FF996B02FB4C834AF827FEC9" box="[1187,1290,332,358]" pageId="2" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="7770332BFF996B02FCD6838AF997FE6B" blockId="2.[825,1474,396,452]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="45BBEF39FF996B02FCD6838AF933FE0B" box="[825,1054,396,420]" italics="true" pageId="2">ZooBank registration:</emphasis>
<uri id="035E3F29FF996B02FBDA838AF99BFE6B" pageId="2">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3FD560A0FF996B02FCD683E0F8B1FA94" pageId="2" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7770332BFF996B02FCD683E0F9C2FC7C" blockId="2.[825,1475,485,979]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="45BBEF39FF996B02FCD683E0FE8FFE52" box="[825,930,486,509]" italics="true" pageId="2">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Stylonychine with medium to large body size,
<emphasis id="45BBEF39FF996B02FCD68003FEAFFDB3" box="[825,898,517,540]" italics="true" pageId="2">in vivo</emphasis>
70210 μm × 3090 μm. Body obovate, with posterior half of cell distinctly narrower than anterior. Eighteen frontalventraltransverse cirri. Transverse cirri arranged in two groups of three left and two right. One right and one left row of marginal cirri. Frontal area in
<taxonomicName id="B0CF48A8FF996B02FB198084F844FD35" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1830" box="[1270,1385,642,666]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Stylonychia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="2" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="45BBEF39FF996B02FB198084F844FD35" box="[1270,1385,642,666]" italics="true" pageId="2">Stylonychia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pattern, i.e. frontal cirri distinctly shifted to the right of the midline of the body. Undulating membranes in
<taxonomicName id="B0CF48A8FF996B02FB2380C6F812FD77" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1830" box="[1228,1343,704,728]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Stylonychia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="2" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="45BBEF39FF996B02FB2380C6F812FD77" box="[1228,1343,704,728]" italics="true" pageId="2">Stylonychia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pattern. Six dorsal kineties, including two dorsomarginal rows; kinety 3 with simple fragmentation. Three narrowly spaced caudal cirri, slightly shifted to right, one each at posterior end of kineties 1, 2, and 4. Oral primordium originates left to leftmost transverse cirrus. Cirrus IV/3 produces anlagen IVVI of the proter, cirri III/2, IV/2, and V/4 are involved in primordia formation. 18S rRNA gene: 591 (T); 632 (T); 669 (G); 698 (C); 709 (G); 1384 (T); 1404 (A); 1408 (A); 1726 (A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7770332BFF996B02FCD681F2FEC6FB25" blockId="2.[825,1475,1012,1162]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="45BBEF39FF996B02FCD681F2FE85FBA3" box="[825,936,1012,1036]" italics="true" pageId="2">Etymology:</emphasis>
The name is a composite of the Greek prefix
<emphasis id="45BBEF39FF996B02FA8981F3F8A7FBA3" box="[1382,1418,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="2">apo</emphasis>
- (derived from) and the genus group-name
<taxonomicName id="B0CF48A8FF996B02FB378612FE40FBE4" authority="Ehrenberg, 1830" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1830" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Stylonychia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="2" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="45BBEF39FF996B02FB378612F865FB83" box="[1240,1352,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="2">Stylonychia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="135E4EDAFF996B02FABF8612FE40FBE4" author="Ehrenberg CG" pageId="2" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref27071" refString="Ehrenberg CG. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Organisation der Infusorien und ihrer geographischen Verbreitung, besonders in Sibirien. Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Physikalisch-Mathematische Klasse 1830: 1 - 88, Tafeln I - VIII." type="book chapter" year="1830">Ehrenberg, 1830</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, indicating that the new genus has a similar cirral pattern to that of
<taxonomicName id="B0CF48A8FF996B02FC908654FEC2FBC5" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1830" box="[895,1007,1106,1130]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Stylonychia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="2" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="45BBEF39FF996B02FC908654FEC2FBC5" box="[895,1007,1106,1130]" italics="true" pageId="2">Stylonychia</emphasis>
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, especially the arrangement of transverse cirri. Feminine gender.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7770332BFF996B02FCD686AAF820FB6D" blockId="2.[825,1293,1195,1219]" box="[825,1293,1195,1219]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="45BBEF39FF996B02FCD686AAF991FB6C" box="[825,1212,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="2">
<typeStatus id="A8748D89FF996B02FCD686AAFE44FB6C" box="[825,873,1196,1219]" pageId="2">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="B0CF48A8FF996B02FC5586ADF991FB6C" authorityName="Omar &amp; Jung" authorityYear="2024" box="[954,1212,1195,1219]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Apostylonychia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="2" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="baugilensis" status="sp. nov.">Apostylonychia baugilensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5E885242FF996B02FB2E86ADF820FB6D" box="[1217,1293,1195,1218]" pageId="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7770332BFF996B02FCD686E3F8B1FA94" blockId="2.[825,1474,1252,1339]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="45BBEF39FF996B02FCD686E3F830FB53" box="[825,1309,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="2">
Species assignable:
<taxonomicName id="B0CF48A8FF996B02FBE286E2F830FB53" authorityName="Omar &amp; Jung" authorityYear="2024" box="[1037,1309,1252,1276]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Apostylonychia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="2" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="baugilensis" status="sp. nov.">Apostylonychia baugilensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5E885242FF996B02FADF86E3F8A7FB53" box="[1328,1418,1253,1276]" pageId="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="B0CF48A8FF996B02FCD68702F821FAB3" authority="(Foissner, 2016)" authorityName="Omar &amp; Jung" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Foissner" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[825,1292,1284,1308]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Apostylonychia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="2" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="notophorides" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="45BBEF39FF996B02FCD68702F979FAB3" box="[825,1108,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="2">Apostylonychia notophorides</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="135E4EDAFF996B02FB8A8702F82BFAB3" author="Foissner W" box="[1125,1286,1284,1308]" pageId="2" pagination="1 - 912" refId="ref27463" refString="Foissner W. Terrestrial and semiterrestrial ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Venezuela and Galapagos. Denisia 2016; 35: 1 - 912." type="journal article" year="2016">Foissner, 2016</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5E885242FF996B02FAF88702F8A6FAB4" box="[1303,1419,1284,1308]" pageId="2" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(original combination:
<taxonomicName id="B0CF48A8FF996B02FC108725F8A6FA94" authority="Foissner, 2016" authorityName="Foissner" authorityYear="2016" box="[1023,1419,1315,1339]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Stylonychia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="2" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="notophorides">
<emphasis id="45BBEF39FF996B02FC108725F9DFFA94" box="[1023,1266,1315,1339]" italics="true" pageId="2">Stylonychia notophorides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="135E4EDAFF996B02FB188725F8A6FA94" author="Foissner W" box="[1271,1419,1315,1339]" pageId="2" pagination="1 - 912" refId="ref27463" refString="Foissner W. Terrestrial and semiterrestrial ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Venezuela and Galapagos. Denisia 2016; 35: 1 - 912." type="journal article" year="2016">Foissner, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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