From d1fd08ebd07755136695e8fe9d2125b976f0b4b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2024 17:38:30 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-07-29 17:32:23 --- .../97/038E9747FF97FF8FFD00F4E9BDC83A02.xml | 62 +-- .../97/038E9747FFC1FFD2FD16F7A3B9B43A3A.xml | 62 +-- .../97/038E9747FFCFFFD1FF7EF4EFBB8C3D39.xml | 62 +-- .../97/038E9747FFEAFF8AFF60F172BA863A21.xml | 62 +-- .../97/038E9747FFF8FFFAFF12F3E8BB0B3AC0.xml | 62 +-- .../97/038E9747FFFAFFE5FF7AF129BB103D33.xml | 62 +-- .../87/03FF87E0FF059EF0BE9017E4FD85493B.xml | 231 +++++++++ .../87/03FF87E0FF059EF1BCC51069FEFC4BCC.xml | 216 ++++++++ .../87/03FF87E0FF059EF1BE8112A8FC284865.xml | 191 +++++++ .../87/03FF87E0FF189EEFBF5110D6FE7F4FB3.xml | 292 +++++++++++ .../87/03FF87E0FF199EECBF1117C4FB9A4F94.xml | 337 ++++++++++++ .../87/03FF87E0FF199EEDBCE2115CFE7D4B4F.xml | 212 ++++++++ .../87/03FF87E0FF199EEDBCE314FDFC3A4886.xml | 277 ++++++++++ .../87/03FF87E0FF1A9EEEBCAF1458FBC0490F.xml | 242 +++++++++ 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data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFE89E1CBC161096FECE4BCC.xml create mode 100644 data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFE89E1CBEDF12A8FBF7495D.xml create mode 100644 data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFE99E1CBCEE1748FF0F4FD4.xml create mode 100644 data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFE99E1DBCF812A8FE414802.xml create mode 100644 data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFED9E19BE9210B7FC9D4B4F.xml create mode 100644 data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFEE9E1ABCF21104FCE74F7D.xml create mode 100644 data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFEE9E1ABEC210EFFB064BCD.xml create mode 100644 data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFEF9E1ABCDB141FFED64E45.xml create mode 100644 data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFFC9E0BBE8B1385FD144DF9.xml create mode 100644 data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFFE9E0ABCDC11CEFD4D48F6.xml diff --git a/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FF97FF8FFD00F4E9BDC83A02.xml b/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FF97FF8FFD00F4E9BDC83A02.xml index 3c89bc6a685..713eed03dba 100644 --- a/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FF97FF8FFD00F4E9BDC83A02.xml +++ b/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FF97FF8FFD00F4E9BDC83A02.xml @@ -1,44 +1,48 @@ - - - -Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution + + + +Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution - - -Author + + +Author -Schuh, RT +Schuh, RT - - -Author + + +Author -Polhemus, JT +Polhemus, JT -text - - -Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History - -2009 - -2009-06-30 + +2009 + +2009-06-30 - -2009 + +2009 - -323 + +323 - -1 -100 + +1 +102 -journal article -0003-0090 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/323.1 + +journal article +10.1206/323.1 +0003-0090 diff --git a/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFC1FFD2FD16F7A3B9B43A3A.xml b/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFC1FFD2FD16F7A3B9B43A3A.xml index 8dbbdcfb07e..016b4c83464 100644 --- a/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFC1FFD2FD16F7A3B9B43A3A.xml +++ b/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFC1FFD2FD16F7A3B9B43A3A.xml @@ -1,44 +1,48 @@ - - - -Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution + + + +Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution - - -Author + + +Author -Schuh, RT +Schuh, RT - - -Author + + +Author -Polhemus, JT +Polhemus, JT -text - - -Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History - -2009 - -2009-06-30 + +2009 + +2009-06-30 - -2009 + +2009 - -323 + +323 - -1 -100 + +1 +102 -journal article -0003-0090 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/323.1 + +journal article +10.1206/323.1 +0003-0090 diff --git a/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFCFFFD1FF7EF4EFBB8C3D39.xml b/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFCFFFD1FF7EF4EFBB8C3D39.xml index 391f9ed82b0..8de8c48a2cf 100644 --- a/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFCFFFD1FF7EF4EFBB8C3D39.xml +++ b/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFCFFFD1FF7EF4EFBB8C3D39.xml @@ -1,44 +1,48 @@ - - - -Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution + + + +Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution - - -Author + + +Author -Schuh, RT +Schuh, RT - - -Author + + +Author -Polhemus, JT +Polhemus, JT -text - - -Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History - -2009 - -2009-06-30 + +2009 + +2009-06-30 - -2009 + +2009 - -323 + +323 - -1 -100 + +1 +102 -journal article -0003-0090 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/323.1 + +journal article +10.1206/323.1 +0003-0090 diff --git a/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFEAFF8AFF60F172BA863A21.xml b/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFEAFF8AFF60F172BA863A21.xml index 9b739464a94..308c95a3182 100644 --- a/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFEAFF8AFF60F172BA863A21.xml +++ b/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFEAFF8AFF60F172BA863A21.xml @@ -1,44 +1,48 @@ - - - -Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution + + + +Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution - - -Author + + +Author -Schuh, RT +Schuh, RT - - -Author + + +Author -Polhemus, JT +Polhemus, JT -text - - -Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History - -2009 - -2009-06-30 + +2009 + +2009-06-30 - -2009 + +2009 - -323 + +323 - -1 -100 + +1 +102 -journal article -0003-0090 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/323.1 + +journal article +10.1206/323.1 +0003-0090 diff --git a/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFF8FFFAFF12F3E8BB0B3AC0.xml b/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFF8FFFAFF12F3E8BB0B3AC0.xml index a0c707add07..67f2e4b2096 100644 --- a/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFF8FFFAFF12F3E8BB0B3AC0.xml +++ b/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFF8FFFAFF12F3E8BB0B3AC0.xml @@ -1,44 +1,48 @@ - - - -Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution + + + +Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution - - -Author + + +Author -Schuh, RT +Schuh, RT - - -Author + + +Author -Polhemus, JT +Polhemus, JT -text - - -Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History - -2009 - -2009-06-30 + +2009 + +2009-06-30 - -2009 + +2009 - -323 + +323 - -1 -100 + +1 +102 -journal article -0003-0090 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/323.1 + +journal article +10.1206/323.1 +0003-0090 diff --git a/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFFAFFE5FF7AF129BB103D33.xml b/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFFAFFE5FF7AF129BB103D33.xml index 902bc69502c..3e45f9d9ed4 100644 --- a/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFFAFFE5FF7AF129BB103D33.xml +++ b/data/03/8E/97/038E9747FFFAFFE5FF7AF129BB103D33.xml @@ -1,44 +1,48 @@ - - - -Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution + + + +Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution - - -Author + + +Author -Schuh, RT +Schuh, RT - - -Author + + +Author -Polhemus, JT +Polhemus, JT -text - - -Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History - -2009 - -2009-06-30 + +2009 + +2009-06-30 - -2009 + +2009 - -323 + +323 - -1 -100 + +1 +102 -journal article -0003-0090 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/323.1 + +journal article +10.1206/323.1 +0003-0090 diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF059EF0BE9017E4FD85493B.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF059EF0BE9017E4FD85493B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5faf6516ee3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF059EF0BE9017E4FD85493B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,231 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Scea superba +(Druce) + +, + +new combination + +Plate 34 + + + + + + + + +Thirmida superba +Druce, 1890: 498 + + +, pl. 42, fig. 10. + +TYPE + +LOCALITY +: +Ecuador +, Baños. + + + + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³ ( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: This species becomes newly combined in + +Scea + +, with synonymy of + +Thirmida + +. + +Scea superba + +, a beautiful moth, stands apart from other members of the genus in showing a particularly strong, violet purple iridescence in the wings (pl. 34). The abdomen is also striking in its iridescence. Within the orange FW triangle, only the radius and cubitus are lined with black, unlike most other + +Scea +species + +where additional veins, including the DC midline and anal fold, are lined. + +Scea superba + +is known from a relatively restricted area of eastern +Ecuador +, extending from Baños along the Río +Pastaza +north as far as Baeza in the Quijos River valley. The species occurs at approximately 2000 meters in elevation. + + +The morphology of + +S. superba + +adults and larvae was discussed in +Miller (1996) +. Caterpillars of + +Scea superba + +are common on the foliage of + +Passiflora manicata + +(pl. 41E; table 6) in the vicinity of Cosanga. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Ecuador +(AMNH, BMNH, CMNH, NMW, USNM, ZMH). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Ecuador +, +Env. de Ambato +, leg. +R +. +P. Irenée Blanc +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-163 +; wing slide no. +JSM-185 +) + +; + +³, +Ecuador +, +Baños +, +Junquilla +, + +May 1922 + +, leg. +E.W. Rorer +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-222 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Ecuador +, +Baños +, + +7000 ft + +, + +April 1912 + +, leg. +M.G. Palmer +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-223 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Ecuador +, +Napo +, +Río Aliso +, leg. +J.S. Miller +, + +May 1993 + +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-663 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF059EF1BCC51069FEFC4BCC.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF059EF1BCC51069FEFC4BCC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e91843a0ceb --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF059EF1BCC51069FEFC4BCC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,216 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Scea steinbachi +Prout + +, +revised status +Figure 352 +; plate 34 + + + + + + + + +Scea steinbachi +Prout, 1918: 425 + + +. + + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY +: +Argentina +, +Tucumán +. + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³/ +♀ +( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: Prout described + +steinbachi + +as a subspecies of + +Scea servula + +, a taxon with which it shares few obvious features. Genitalia dissections demonstrate that the two are not conspecific, and + +steinbachi + +is here raised to species status. The taxon with which + +S. steinbachi + +could most easily be confused is + +S. auriflamma + +(pl. 34). These are sympatric, both occurring in +Argentina +. + +Scea servula + +, on the other hand, is known exclusively from +Colombia +. + + + +Scea steinbachi + +and + +S. auriflamma + +are quite difficult to separate. The most useful distinguishing traits are the following: + +S. auriflamma + +is smaller (FW length +5 +14.0– 17.0 mm in + +auriflamma + +; FW length +5 +17.0– 19.0 mm in + +steinbachi + +); the FW apical third is uniformly dark gray in + +auriflamma + +, whereas in + +steinbachi + +the FW apical third is lighter gray and there is a thin, black highlight immediately beyond the orange area, preceding the gray section. Male and female genitalia of the two differ markedly (figs. 348, 352). + + +A USNM specimen, originally from the Schaus Collection, identified there as + +S. steinbachi + +and labeled simply ‘‘Peru’’, seems dubious. It probably represents an undescribed species. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Argentina +(AMNH, BMNH, FML, USNM). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Argentina +, +Tucumán +, leg. +Steinbach +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-352 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Argentina +, +Tucumán +, + +900–1300 m + +, + +Feb 1904 + +, leg. +J. Steinbach +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-353 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF059EF1BE8112A8FC284865.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF059EF1BE8112A8FC284865.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7ff505eeeeb --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF059EF1BE8112A8FC284865.xml @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Scea subcyanea +Prout + +, +revised status +Plate 34 + + + + + + + + +Scea subcyanea +Prout, 1918: 425 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Peru +, Carabaya, Oconeque to Aqualani, +6000–9000 ft. + + + + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +♀ +, leg. +G. Ockenden +, + +Mar 1905 + +( +BMNH +). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: +Prout (1918) +described + +subcyanea + +as a subspecies of + +S. gigantea + +(pl. 34), differing from the nominate form in showing the ‘‘apical part of [the] forewing and whole of [the] hind wing strongly glossed with blue’’ ( +Prout, 1918: 425 +). My studies indicate that + +S. subcyanea + +is distinct from + +S. gigantea + +and from all other + +Scea + +, and as such warrants full species status. The two taxa are easily separable based on wing pattern: The HW of + +S. gigantea + +( +Bolivia +and SE +Peru +) is broadly light gray along its anal margin, with the veins dark charcoal gray as they pass through; there is no sign of iridescence. The HW of + +subcyanea + +is a uniform, iridescent dark blue-gray, without darker veins. + + +I have seen only +two specimens +of + +S. subcyanea + +—the BMNH +holotype +and a female at the MUSM (JSM-1620). + +Scea subcyanea + +, with a FW length of 28.0 mm, is the largest species in the genus, significantly larger than + +S. gigantea + +(FW length +5 +25.0– 26.0 mm). It appears to be sympatric with + +S. erasa + +. Both co-occur at Machu Picchu, along with a third, large undescribed species (pl. 34). + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Peru +(BMNH, MUSM). + + +DISSECTED +: +♀ +, +Peru +, +Cuzco +, S.H. Machu Picchu, Entre Intipunco y Wiñaywayna, +2700 m +, 1310-11/7232, +22 Oct 2001 +, leg. O. Mielke, diurnal collection, MUSM (genitalia slide no. JSM-1620). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF189EEFBF5110D6FE7F4FB3.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF189EEFBF5110D6FE7F4FB3.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..60ae1088f22 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF189EEFBF5110D6FE7F4FB3.xml @@ -0,0 +1,292 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Scea gigantea +(Druce) Plate + +34 + + + + + + + + +Thirmida gigantea +Druce, 1896: 42 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: ‘‘Bolivia’’. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +♀ +, leg. G. Garlepp ( +BMNH +). + + + + + + + +Scea caesiopicta +Warren, 1900: 128 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Bolivia +, Río Songo to Río Suapi, +1100 m +. + + + + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +♀ +, leg. +Garlepp +, +Mar +– +Jun +( +BMNH +). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: Whereas +Druce (1896) +described this species in + +Thirmida +, +Prout (1918) + +, presaging the classification proposed here, moved it to + +Scea + +. Early authors were rightfully confused regarding the boundaries of the two so-called genera. Here they are treated as one. + +Scea gigantea + +is known mostly from females (9 BMNH, 4 ZMH, 3 USNM). I have seen +three males +(AMNH, MNHN, and ZMH). + +Scea gigantea + +, the only + +Scea +species + +exhibiting a gray HW area with black veins running within it (pl. 34), is endemic to +Bolivia +and southeastern +Peru +. + + +Superficial study of BMNH +types +supports the hypothesis that + +S. caesiopicta +Warren + +is a synonym of + +gigantea + +, the hypothesis proposed by +Prout (1918) +and accepted by +Hering (1925) +and +Bryk (1930) +. Wing patterns in the two are identical, and both +types +are from +Bolivia +. On the other hand, +Prout (1918) +described + +subcyanea + +, from Carabaya in southeastern +Peru +near +Cuzco +, as a subspecies of + +gigantea + +. Instead, my studies shows that + +S. subcyanea +Prout + +is distinct and should be elevated to species status (see below). In + +S. subcyanea + +, there is an infusion of purple at the outer margin of the orange FW area (pl. 34) not present in + +S. gigantea + +, and the HW is much darker, almost purplish, rather than showing a light gray central area. The female genitalia of + +S. subcyanea + +(JSM-1620) are markedly different from those of any other + +Scea +species + +, including + +S. gigantea + +. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Bolivia +(AMNH, BMNH, USNM, ZMH); +Peru +(BMNH, MNHN). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Bolivia +, + +Yungas +de Palmas + +, + +2000 m + +, + +5 Mar 1949 + +, +Colln. Grace H. +& +John L. Sperry +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1481 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Bolivia +, +Locotal +, leg. +Garlepp, Wm. +Schaus Collection, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1482 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF199EECBF1117C4FB9A4F94.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF199EECBF1117C4FB9A4F94.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8785519e631 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF199EECBF1117C4FB9A4F94.xml @@ -0,0 +1,337 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Scea erasa +Prout Plate + +35 + + + + + + + + +Scea erasa +Prout, 1918: 425 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Peru +(E), Pozuzo, +5000– 6000 ft. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +♀ +, leg. ‘‘Native Collector’’ ( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Scea erasa + +and + +S. bryki + +are the only two described + +Scea +species + +in which the large FW triangle is completely orange, without black-lined veins (pl. 35). + +Scea erasa + +(FW length +5 +20.0–21.0 mm) is larger than + +S. bryki + +(FW length +5 +17.5 mm), but no other pattern characters separate the two. Based on the scant label data available, + +S. erasa + +occurs exclusively on the eastern slope of the Peruvian Andes, from Junín north to San Martín. + +Scea bryki + +, known solely from the ZMH +type +, is from Vilcanota, further south. Comparison of genital morphology suggests that + +S. erasa + +is a close relative of + +S. cleonica + +(pl. 34; fig. 350), from southern +Ecuador +, but that it is not particularly close to + +S. bryki + +. + + +Other than a single male at the MUSM in Lima (JSM-1720), + +S. erasa + +is known exclusively from females—11 at the BMNH (including the +type +) and three at the ZMH. However, the identity of each of these female specimens needs to be checked. For example, +Prout (1918: 425) +noted that the BMNH holdings include material he identified as + +S. erasa + +, collected by Anton Fassl at Cañon de +Tolima +( +2500 m +) in +Colombia +. My experience with other dioptine taxa suggests that the specimens from +Tolima +will ultimately prove to be a species distinct from Peruvian + +S. erasa + +. + + +Prout (1918: 425) +noted that + +Scea erasa + +is a ‘‘beautiful mimic of + +Darna trigonata +Warren + +[ +Arctiidae +: +Pericopinae +], which occurs with it at Pozuzo and Cushi’’. He further pointed out that Druce misidentified the specimen that later became the + +S. erasa + +type +, labeling it ‘‘ + +Darna trigonata +Warr. + +, compared with type’’. This misidentification can perhaps be attributed to the remarkable mimicry that occurs between josiines and the +Arctiidae +. Alternatively, it could have been due to what +Prout (1920: 508) +called ‘‘Druce’s deplorable ignorance of systematic entomology’’. + + +A spectacular undescribed species (pl. 34), superficially similar to + +S. erasa + +, has been captured at Machu Picchu, +Peru +. Its wings (FW length +5 +23.0–24.0 mm) are significantly larger than those of + +S. erasa + +, and it shows a slightly less extensive and differently shaped, orange FW triangle. The FW radius and cubitus are dusted with blackish scales from the wing base. The genitalia of the two taxa differ dramatically. Slide data for the undescribed taxon are as follows: ³, +Peru +, + + + +Cuzco +, +Machu Picchu +, + +Inca Trail, + +2500 + + +– 2800 m, + +15 Aug 1970 + +, leg. +G. A. Gorelick +, +LACM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1621 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Peru +, +Cuzco +, +Machu Picchu +, + +9500 ft + +, + +6 Mar 1947 + +, leg. +J.C. Pallister +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1622 +) + +. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Peru +(BMNH, CUIC, MUSM, ZMH); +Colombia (BMNH) +. + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Peru +, +Junín +, +1 km +S +Mina Pichita, 1105 +/7525, + +2100 m + +, + +21 Aug 2003 + +, leg. +J.J. Ramírez +, +MUSM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1720 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Peru +, +Tambo Eneñas +to +Dos de Mayo +, +Cam. del Pichis +, + +5 Jul 1920 + +, +Cornell Univ. Expedition +, +Lot +607, sub 126, +CUIC +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1721 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF199EEDBCE2115CFE7D4B4F.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF199EEDBCE2115CFE7D4B4F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1cd5e42f1f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF199EEDBCE2115CFE7D4B4F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Scea dimidiata +(Walker) + +, + +new combination + +Figures 346A–C +, +351 +; plate 33 [EX] + + + + + + + + +Thirmida dimidiata +Walker, 1854: 466 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Colombia +, Santa Fé de +Bogotá +. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³ ( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: Wing-pattern similarities suggest that + +S. dimidiata + +from central +Colombia +, and + +S. discinota + +(pl. 33) from western +Venezuela +, are sister species. Their FW and HW patterns, and most other morphological features, are the same. Means for separating + +S. dimidiata + +from + +S. discinota + +are provided in the + +Scea +species + +key, as well as in the discussion for + +S. discinota + +(below). + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Colombia (AMNH, BMNH, CMNH, CUIC, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, OUMNH, USNM, ZMH) +. + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Colombia +, + +Cundinamarca, Subachoque, + +2750 + + +m, + +28 Jan 1948 + +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-629 +) + +; + +³, +Colombia, Parish no +. 31, + +18 May 1915 + +, +CMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-124 +) + +; + +³, +Colombia, USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1349 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Colombia, Parish no +. 31, + +18 May 1915 + +, +CMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-635 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Colombia, USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1350 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF199EEDBCE314FDFC3A4886.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF199EEDBCE314FDFC3A4886.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0bea0135bab --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF199EEDBCE314FDFC3A4886.xml @@ -0,0 +1,277 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Scea discinota +(Warren) + +, + +new combination + +Figure 346G +; plates 33, 39Q + + + + + + + + +Thirmida discinota +Warren, 1900: 129 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Venezuela +, +Mérida, Pedregosa +, +3000 m +. + + + + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +♀ +, leg. +Bricenno +, + +Oct 1897 + +( +BMNH +). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: This striking taxon, formerly in + +Thirmida + +, is similar in appearance to + +S. dimidiata +Walker + +; +Prout (1918) +, +Hering (1925) +and +Bryk (1930) +regarded + +discinota + +to be a subspecies of + +dimidiata + +. A subtle wing-pattern difference separates the two (pl. 33): in + +S. discinota + +, the orange basal area of the FW does not extend as far out as it does in + +S. dimidiata + +. Slight differences in male and female genital morphology can also be used to distinguish them. + +Thirmida discinota + +has been collected exclusively in the Venezuelan Andes, at locations near the city of +Mérida +. The caterpillars (pl. 39Q) feed on + +Passiflora bauhinifolia + +( +Miller and Otero, 1994 +; table 6). + + +Members of + +Scea + +are broadly involved in mimetic associations. + +Scea discinota + +and + +Thirmidarctia thermidoides +(Talbot) + +are remarkable mimics. The latter, a member of the +Arctiidae +whose +type +locality is also +Mérida +, exhibits a body size and wing pattern making it nearly indistinguishable from + +S. discinota + +(see +Watson and Goodger, 1986 +; pl. 4, fig. 72). + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Venezuela +(AMNH, BMNH, USNM, ZMH). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Venezuela +, +Mérida, La Caña, Carr. El +Valle-La +Culata +, + +2420 m + +, + +31 Oct 1992 + +, leg. +L.D. Otero +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-650 +) + +; + +³, +Venezuela +, +Mérida, ZMH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-631 +) + +; + +³, +Venezuela +, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-630 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Venezuela +, +Mérida, La Caña, Carr. El +Valle +– +La Culata +, + +2420 m + +, + +31 Oct 1992 + +, leg. +L.D. Otero +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-651 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Venezuela +, +Mérida, ZMH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-632 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1A9EEEBCAF1458FBC0490F.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1A9EEEBCAF1458FBC0490F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..283395ba350 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1A9EEEBCAF1458FBC0490F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,242 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Scea semifulva +Warren Plate + +34 + + + + + + + + +Scea semifulva +Warren, 1904: 19 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Ecuador +, Guaranda. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +♀ +, leg. Haensch, +May 1899 +( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Scea semifulva + +, from southwestern +Ecuador +, occurs in sympatry with + +S. curvilimes + +(pl. 34). A third species from southern +Ecuador +, + +S. cleonica + +(pl. 34), occurs on the eastern versant. + +Scea semifulva + +differs from both in that it is slightly smaller (FW length +5 +16.0–17.5 mm, as compared with 17.0–20.0 mm), and its orange FW triangle is smaller, its outer margin falling short of the discocellular veins. + + + +Scea semifulva + +is well represented in museum collections, but the number of specimens in each is small. The moth was reared by T. Ghia (Pontificia Universidad Católica del +Ecuador +, Quito) in 1995 on + +Passiflora manicata + +(table 6). + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Ecuador +(AMNH, BMNH, CMNH, CUIC, MNHN, PUCE, USNM, ZMH). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Ecuador +, +Bolívar +, +Chimbo +, + +2500 m + +, + +18 Nov 1995 + +, leg. +T +. Ghia, +PUCE +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-821 +) + +; + +³, +Ecuador +, +Bolívar +, +Chimbo +, + +2500 m + +, + +18 Nov 1995 + +, leg. +T +. Ghia, +PUCE +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1719 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Ecuador +, +Bolívar +, +Chimbo +, + +2500 m + +, + +18 Nov 1995 + +, leg. +T +. Ghia, +PUCE +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-822 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Ecuador +, +Bolívar +, +Chimbo +, + +2500 m + +, + +18 Nov 1995 + +, leg. +T +. Ghia, +PUCE +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1724 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1A9EF1BF5A163DFEBF4CE1.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1A9EF1BF5A163DFEBF4CE1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d088a07b85e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1A9EF1BF5A163DFEBF4CE1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,167 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Scea servula +Warren Plate + +35 + + + + + + + + +Scea servula +Warren, 1901: 443 + + +. + + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY +: +Colombia +, Río Dagua. + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +♀ +( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Scea servula + +(pl. 35) bears wing-pattern resemblance to + +S. superba + +(pl. 34). In both species, the only black veins within the orange FW triangle are the cubitus and radius, framing the DC. The moths are also similar in size. However, genital morphology does not indicate a particularly close relationship within + +Scea + +. Furthermore, the two species occur on opposite sides of the Andes. The majority of + +S. servula + +specimens were collected on the western slope of the Colombian Andes, but a single female in the F. Piñas Collection was captured at Pululahua ( +2900 m +) in northwestern +Ecuador +. + + +Prout’s (1918) +name + +steinbachi + +, from +Tucumán +, +Argentina +, which he described as a subspecies of + +S. servula + +, is here raised to species status (see below). This result is not surprising considering the distance separating their +type +localities. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Colombia (AMNH, BMNH, USNM) +; +Ecuador +(FPC). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Colombia +, leg. +Fassl +, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-560 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Colombia +, leg. +Fassl +, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. JMS-561) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1B9EEFBCD410B9FC9D4FB1.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1B9EEFBCD410B9FC9D4FB1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d5c58a59717 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1B9EEFBCD410B9FC9D4FB1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,250 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Scea grandis +(Druce) + +, + +new combination + +Plate 33 + + + + + + + + +Brachyglene grandis +Druce, 1900: 510 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Colombia, Sierra +del Libane, +6000 ft. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +♀ +, leg. H.H. Smith ( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Scea grandis + +resembles both + +S. discinota + +and + +S. dimidiata + +in size and wing pattern (pl. 33), and genital morphology supports a close relationship between them. The genitalia of + +S. circumscripta + +(pl. 33) also suggest membership in this group, which seems to form a subclade of + +Scea + +. + +Scea grandis + +is distinctive in exhibiting less orange at the base of the FW and HW than the other three. + + +This species is known from few specimens: +four females +(including the +type +) and a male at the BMNH; +one male +and +two females +at the ZMH; and a single male in the CMNH collection. The specimens of + +T. grandis + +dissected for this study were collected in the Santa Marta mountain range of northeastern +Colombia +, near the border with +Venezuela +, a fascinating region rich in endemic species, but an area that is currently too dangerous for travel. That locality is also near +Mérida +, +Venezuela +, the home of + +S. discinota +( +Miller and Otero, 1994 +) + +. + + +The vesica of + +T. grandis + +is extremely long, with a set of robust, spinelike cornuti at its apex. The membrane of the vesica is packed tightly into the aedeagus at rest. The female dissection of + +S. grandis + +(JSM-1445) reveals that the large distal spikelike cornuti of the male (e.g., see fig. 351D) can sometimes break off and become lodged in the CB membrane during copulation. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Colombia (BMNH, CMNH, ZMH) +. + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Colombia +, +Magdalena +, +Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta +, + +2300 m + +, + +17 Jul 1974 + +, +Hotel Solito +, leg. +C. Gibson +, at +Tilley Lamp, B.M. +1976-712., +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1444 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Colombia +, +Magdalena +, +Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta +, + +10 +° +54 +9 +N + + +74 +° +00 +9 +W + +, + +2300 m + +, + +3 Jul–2 Sep 1973 + +, +Oxford Expedn +to +Colombia +, +B.M. +1973-500., +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1445 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1C9EE8BCB713FAFC6D4C73.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1C9EE8BCB713FAFC6D4C73.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..da5fcad4a1f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1C9EE8BCB713FAFC6D4C73.xml @@ -0,0 +1,265 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Scea angustimargo +Warren + +Figures 332A, 332B +, +347 +; plate 33 [EX] + + + + + + + + +Scea angustimargo +Warren, 1905: 315 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Paraguay +, Estanzia Cooper. + + + + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +³, leg. +Th. Inslay +( +BMNH +). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Scea angustimargo + +can best be recognized by the large orange area of the FW, extending almost to the outer margin, and by the presence of a long stripe of orange along the HW anterior margin. This HW stripe, located between veins Sc and Rs, is larger and more prominent on the wing’s ventral surface (see pl. 33). The only other + +Scea +species + +with such a HW stripe is + +S. torrida + +, +sp. nov. +(pl. 33), from southwestern +Ecuador +, the apparent sister taxon to + +S. angustimargo + +. In both species the vesica of the aedeagus is extremely long (figs. 347E, 353E), and is forked distally, with the ventral arm of the fork bearing thin cornuti as well as a single, more robust, cornutus at its apex. Means for separating these two are provided in the + +Scea +species + +key, as well as in the diagnosis for + +S. torrida + +(below). + + +Unlike most + +Scea +species + +, which are Andean endemics, + +S. angustimargo + +is found in southeastern South America. The species is represented in many of the world’s collections, but never by more than one or +two specimens +. Genitalia dissections comparing Bolivian moths (JSM-354, 355), with + +S. angustimargo + +collected in +Paraguay +near the +type +locality, suggest that material from +Bolivia +is not conspecific, but instead represents an undescribed species. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Paraguay +(BMNH,USNM); +Bolivia +(BMNH, CMNH, FML, ZMH); +Brazil +(BMNH, CUIC); +Peru +(AMNH). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Paraguay +, +Depto. +Concepción +, +Ao. Tatatiya-mi +, + +22 +° +39 +9 +S + +, + +56 +° +01 +9 +W + +, + +10– 17 Apr 1986 + +, leg. +M. Pogue +& +A. Solis +, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1716 +) + +; + +³, +Bolivia +, +S. Julian +, +Chiquitos +, +May +, + +400 m + +, leg. +J. Steinbach +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-354 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Paraguay +, +Dognin Collection +, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1717 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Bolivia +, +Cochabamba +, +Yunga del Espiritu Santo +, 1888–89, leg. +P. Germain +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-355 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1E9EEABC9E16F2FB9A4FAD.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1E9EEABC9E16F2FB9A4FAD.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..681ee10685d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1E9EEABC9E16F2FB9A4FAD.xml @@ -0,0 +1,192 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Scea cleonica +Druce + +Figure 350 +; plate 34 + + + + + + + + +Scea cleonica +Druce, 1885b: 525 + + +, pl. 32, fig. 13. +TYPE +LOCALITY +: +Ecuador +, Chiguinda. +TYPE +: +Syntype +³, leg. C. Buckley + + +(BMNH). + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Scea cleonica + +is endemic to southern +Ecuador +. Almost all museum specimens were collected in the vicinity of +Loja +, with a few (SMNS, USNM) from nearby Zamora (see fig. 5). The moth occurs at relatively high altitudes; two individuals (JSM-1722, 1723) were collected at La Palma, at an elevation of 2850 meters. The +type +locality for + +S. cleonica +, Chiguinda + +, is in +Morona-Santiago province +on the Amazonian side of the Andes. I argue in the discussion of + +S. curvilimes + +(below), whose wings are extremely similar to + +S. cleonica + +, that the two are sister species, occurring in cloud forests on opposite sides of the Andes. + + +An AMNH female from +Santa Catarina +, +Brazil +(leg. Anton Maller, +December 1944 +) is lighter gray in the FW distal third, and probably represents a species distinct from either + +S. cleonica + +or + +S. curvilimes + +. It was not dissected. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Ecuador +(AMNH, BMNH, MNHN, OUMNH, USNM, ZMH). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Ecuador +, +Loja +, + +La Palma + +, + +2850 m + +, + +8 Aug 1993 + +, leg. +C. Young +, E. Tapia & +G. Onore +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1722 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Ecuador +, +Loja +, + +La Palma + +, + +2850 m + +, + +10 Aug 1993 + +, leg. +E. Tapia +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1723 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1E9EEDBF54109CFDF64FED.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1E9EEDBF54109CFDF64FED.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..37653bce16f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1E9EEDBF54109CFDF64FED.xml @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Scea curvilimes +Prout Plate + +34 + + + + + + + + +Scea curvilimes +Prout, 1918: 425 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Peru +(N), W Slopes of Andes, +4000 ft. + + + + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +³, leg. +Pratt +, + +Jun 1912 + +( +BMNH +). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Scea curvilimes + +is known from the male +holotype +and a female +paratype +, both at the BMNH. Neither was dissected. A precise locality for the male was not given, but the label specifies the western slope in northern +Peru +. The female is from Ayabaca, in extreme northern +Peru +near the Ecuadorian border. Ayabaca is only +60 km +southwest of Loja, near the habitat of + +S. cleonica + +. + + +A conundrum presents itself. Wing patterns in the +types +of + +S. curvilimes + +and + +S. cleonica + +are indistinguishable (pl. 34), and the moths are similar in size. +Prout (1918) +noted a subtle difference between them—the orange FW area of + +S. curvilimes + +is more heavily dusted with gray-brown scales. Whereas + +S. curvilimes + +is from the Pacific slope, + +S. cleonica + +is from the Amazonian side (Chiguinda, +Ecuador +). To further complicate the issue, I dissected specimens from Chimbo (JSM-358, 359), on the western versant in southern +Ecuador +, that I initially thought were + +S. cleonica + +. However, these show genitalia distinct from + +S. cleonica + +(fig. 350). + + +I thus propose the following hypothesis: two extremely similar + +Scea +species + +exist— + +S. cleonica + +from southeastern +Ecuador +, and + +S. curvilimes + +, occurring from northwestern +Peru +north to southwestern +Ecuador +. Material from Chimbo is here assigned to + +S. curvilimes + +. The question remains: To which species should the Ayabaca female be assigned? Based on the argument above, and the resulting geographical distributions, it seems likely that this specimen should be referred to + +S. cleonica + +. Thus, the +syntypes +of + +S. curvilimes + +potentially comprise two different species. Ultimately, dissections of all relevant types will be required to resolve this problem. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Peru +(BMNH); +Ecuador +(BMNH). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Ecuador +, Chimbo, 1891, leg. +M. de Mathan +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-358 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Ecuador +, Intag, leg. +Buckley +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-359 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1F9EEABF2A1083FDF44DF9.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1F9EEABF2A1083FDF44DF9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bd2ebf9eea4 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF1F9EEABF2A1083FDF44DF9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,185 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Scea bryki +Hering Plate + +35 + + + + + + + + +Scea bryki +Hering, 1943: 5 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Peru +, Vilcanota (Pr. +Cuzco +), +3000 m +. + + + + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +♀ +, leg. +O. Garlepp +, 1898 ( +ZMH +). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Scea bryki + +is known from +two specimens +—the female +holotype +(pl. 35) and a female in the MUSM collection ( +Lima +, +Peru +). Although the wing pattern of + +S. bryki + +resembles that of + +S. erasa + +(pl. 35) in lacking black veins in the orange FW area, the moth is significantly smaller (see species key). Its female genitalia are also fundamentally different from those of + +S. erasa + +, indicating that the two may not be particularly close relatives within + +Scea + +. The CB of + +S. bryki + +is simple and unornamented, bearing an ovoid signum with long internal spines. The CB of + +S. erasa + +, on the other hand, exhibits a spectacular series of sclerotized folds at its base, a modified version of the ones found in + +Scea cleonica + +(fig. 350E) and others. + + +This is the last dioptine species Hering described; its description was published nearly 20 years after his contribution to Seitz ( +Hering, 1925 +). It will be important to obtain additional material of + +S. bryki + +, especially males, for future study. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Peru +(MUSM, ZMH). + + + +DISSECTED +: +Holotype +♀ +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1766 +). + + + + + + +Scea circumscripta +(Hering) + +, + +new combination + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF219ED5BD6512A8FC464C6D.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF219ED5BD6512A8FC464C6D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..004c6c71055 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF219ED5BD6512A8FC464C6D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,342 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Josia ligata +Walker Plate + +32 + + + + + + + + +Josia ligata +Walker, 1864: 131–132 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Colombia +, +Bogotá +, ‘‘New Grenada’’. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³, ex Stevens Collection ( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: The identity of this species is problematic. I dissected five CMNH specimens (3³³, +2♀♀ +) from Choachi, +Colombia +, that match the wing pattern of the + +J. ligata + +syntype +, from +Bogotá +, perfectly. The genitalia of these are indistinguishable from Ecuadorian material whose wing pattern shows slightly narrower longitudinal FW and HW stripes. We can thus conclude that + +J. ligata + +occurs in +Ecuador +as well. The identity of Venezuelan material is at issue. + +Josia radians + +, whose type locality, Onaca, is in the northeastern portion of +Colombia +, is reported to occur east into +Venezuela +( +Miller and Otero, 1994 +). However, the male and female genitalia of + +J. radians + +are impossible to distinguish from those of + +J. ligata + +, and their wing patterns seem to intergrade. Revisionary study will perhaps reveal that + +J. radians + +and + +J. ligata + +constitute a single species, distribut- ed from western +Venezuela +east to +Colombia +and south at least as far as +Ecuador +. + +Josia ligata +Walker + +would be the senior name. + + +Rex Friesen (USDA) collected larvae of + +Josia ligata + +in +Ecuador +(1992) on + +Passiflora mollissima + +(table 6). + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Colombia(AMNH, BMNH, CAS, CMNH, CUIC, MNHN, NMW, OUMNH, USNM, ZMH) +; +Ecuador +(AMNH, BMNH, USNM); +Venezuela +(AMNH, BMNH, OUMNH, USNM, ZMH). + + + +DISSECTED +: +Syntype +³ (genitalia slide no. +JSM-633 +) + +; + +³, +Colombia, Choachi +, + +Nov 1914 + +, +CMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-608 +) + +; + +³, + +Colombia, Choachi, +Dec 1914 + +, +CMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-608 +) + +; + +³, +Colombia, Choachi +, + +Nov 1914 + +, +CMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-619 +) + +; + +³, +Ecuador +, +Napo +, +Baeza +near +Río Quijos +, + +6200 ft + +, + +31 Oct 1988 + +, blk. lt., leg. +J.S. Miller +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-611 +) + +; + +³, +Ecuador +, +Carchi +, +Hwy +btwn. Mira-El +Angel +, + +8300 ft + +, + +8 Jun 1992 + +, leg. +R +. +D. Friesen +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-617 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Colombia, Choachi +, + +Nov 1914 + +, +CMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-609 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Colombia, Choachi +, + +May 1915 + +, +CMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-608 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Ecuador +, +Carchi +, +Hwy +btwn. Mira-El +Angel +, + +8300 ft + +, + +8 Jun 1992 + +, leg. +R +. +D. Friesen +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-618 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF229ED9BF541351FEBF4F5C.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF229ED9BF541351FEBF4F5C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9ab2b6dae3e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF229ED9BF541351FEBF4F5C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,363 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Josia auriflua +Walker + +Figure 341 +; plate 33 + + + + + + + + +Josia auriflua +Walker, 1864: 132 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Colombia +, ‘‘Bogotá’’. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +♀ +, ex Stevens Collection ( +BMNH +). + + + + + + + +Josia flavipars +Prout, 1918: 422–423 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Bolivia +, Prov. del Sara, Dept. +Santa Cruz de la Sierra +. + + + + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +³, leg. +J. Steinbach +( +BMNH +). + + + + + + +Josia inaequiflexa +Dognin, 1918: 4 + +. + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Ecuador +, Pramba, +4050 m +. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³ ( +USNM +type no. 30942). + + + + + + + +Josia scalata +Dognin, 1911b: 4 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Peru +, Chanchamayo. + + + + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +♀ +( +USNM +type no. 30943). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: Not having dissected the + +auriflua + +female +syntype +, from +Bogotá +, nor having studied other specimens from +Colombia +, it is difficult to stabilize this name. + +Josia + +material exhibiting a wide, yellow-orange FW stripe and a HW divided into a blackish-brown anterior half and a yellow-orange posterior half, represents a difficult species complex. The genitalia of + +J. auriflua + +are almost indistinguishable from those of + +J. aurifusa + +, indigenous to +Venezuela +. I have not dissected the types of + +flavipars +Prout + +, + +inaequiflexa +Dognin + +, or + +scalata +Dognin + +, listed above as synonyms of + +J. auriflua + +, to confirm whether they are conspecific. For now, I defer to +Bryk (1930) +, retaining them as synonyms. + + +It seems unlikely that the +type +of + +inaequiflexa + +was collected at an elevation of 4050 meters, as is clearly stated on the label. In all probability the moth was collected at +4050 feet +. A +French Guiana +male (J. Cerda Collection), superficially indistinguishable from + +J. auriflua + +, broadens the distribution of this moth considerably. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Colombia (AMNH, BMNH, CAS, CUIC, MNHN, OUMNH, USNM, VOB, ZMH) +; +Ecuador +(AMNH, CMNH, + + +CUIC, FNHM, LACM, MNHN, OUMNH, USNM); +Peru +(AMNH, CUIC, FML, MUSM, USNM, ZMH); +Bolivia +(BMNH, CAS, CMNH, CUIC, USNM, ZMH); +Brazil +(NMW); +French Guiana +(JCC). + + + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Ecuador +, +Bolivar +, +Balzapamba +, + +Nov 1893 + +– + +Feb 1894 + +, leg. +M. de Mathan +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-339 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Peru +, + +El Campamiento + +, +Col. Perene +, + +10 Jun 1920 + +, +CU Expedition Lot +607, +Sub +80, +CUIC +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-293 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Ecuador +, +Paramba +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-340 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF259ED1BD6416E5FC1F4B0A.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF259ED1BD6416E5FC1F4B0A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5daf3de4933 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF259ED1BD6416E5FC1F4B0A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,255 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Josia similis +Hering Plate + +32 + + + + + + + + +Josia similis +Hering, 1925: 527 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Brazil +, Pará. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³/ +♀ +( +ZMH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: +Hering (1925: 527) +described + +J. similis + +as: ‘‘colored the same [as + +mononeura + +], but the abdomen beneath is white, [and the moth is] somewhat smaller’’. My studies confirm his highly effective diagnosis. The abdominal venter in + +M. mononeura + +is uniformly gray, whereas in both + +J. similis + +and + +J. insincera + +it is white. + +Josia similis + +has a FW length (14.0–15.5 mm) intermediate between that of + +J. mononeura + +(17.0–20.0 mm) and + +J. insincera + +(13.0–16.0 mm). The front in + +J. similis + +and + +J. insincera + +is white, whereas that of + +J. mononeura + +is gray-brown in its center. Male genital morphology suggests that, of the three, + +J. similis + +and + +J. mononeura + +are more closely related that either is to + +J. insincera + +. + + + +Josia similis + +is known exclusively from northeastern +Brazil +, near the mouth of the Amazon River, in the states of Pará and +Ceará +. + +Josia insincera + +occurs in +Venezuela +and +Colombia +, whereas + +J. mononeura + +is endemic to southeastern +Brazil +, +Uruguay +, +Paraguay +, and +Argentina +. I have seen only +four specimens +of + +J. similis + +—the male and female +syntypes +at the ZMH, +one male +paratype +at the BMNH, and a male from the MPM (JSM-1705). + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Brazil +(BMNH, MPM, ZMH). + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Brazil +, +Ceará, Joareiro +, near Fortaleza, +19 May 1933 +, leg. R. von Ihering, MPM (genitalia slide no. JSM-1705). + + +2. + +LIGATA + +GROUP + + +The + +Ligata + +Group exhibits several ironclad diagnostic traits. One of the quickest ways to recognize its members is by examining the FW costa. In all + +Ligata + +Group species, the FW costa is orange-yellow in the basal half. The wing venation for this group is also unique within + +Josia + +, because FW vein M +1 +always arises from the radial sector (fig. 336G). In other + +Josia +species + +groups, M +1 +arises at the base of the radial sector at the anterolateral angle of the DC (figs. 336F, H). A more subtle, but useful, + +Ligata + +Group character is the orientation of Lp 3, which droops slightly in all species. + + +The group’s genitalia are similarly recognizable, characterized by the following features: costa simple; a long, thin, hooklike process at valva apex; vesica of aedeagus elongate, with short spinelike cornuti along dorsal and ventral surfaces; male Tg8 equal to St +8 in +width, lateral margins convex; DB elongate, curved, internally spinose; signum an elongate oval. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF279ED2BF3B16D7FE8A4EE1.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF279ED2BF3B16D7FE8A4EE1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..17c52a8f9a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF279ED2BF3B16D7FE8A4EE1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,253 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Josia fustula +Warren + +Figure 336A, 336B +; plate 32 + + + + + + + + +Josia fustula +Warren, 1901: 441 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Ecuador +, Chimbo, +1000 ft. + + + + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +♀ +, leg. +Rosenberg +, + +Aug 1897 + +( +BMNH +). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Josia fustula + +is similar in size and wing pattern to + +Josia frigida + +, from Central America. However, the FW ground color of + +J. fustula + +is dark gray-black and the HW ground color is blackish brown, whereas in + +J. frigida + +both wings are black. The male genitalia of the two species are similar, but differ in that the hook at the valva apex is larger in + +J. fustula + +. Furthermore, the aedeagus is thinner and straighter. The arrangement of FW radials provides a clear-cut means for separating the two species (see Discussion of + +frigida + +, above). + + + +Josia fustula + +can be observed in large numbers, flying during the day at Tinalandia, +Ecuador +. There, I discovered the larvae feeding on + +Passiflora rubra + +( +March 2006 +). Although their identity has not been verified by genital dissection, specimens collected in +Peru +and +Colombia (AMNH, MUSM) +are here provisionally regarded as being examples of + +J. fustula + +. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Ecuador +(AMNH, BMNH, CMNH, LACM, USNM); +Colombia (AMNH) +; +Peru +(AMNH, MUSM). + + + +DISSECTED +: +Holotype +♀ +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-644 +); ³, +Ecuador +, +Pichincha +, +Tinalandia +, + +17 km +E Sto. Domingo de Los Colorados + +, + +700 m + +, + +16 Mar 2006 + +, day, leg. +J.S. Miller +& +A. Guasti +, reared ex + +Passiflora rubra +, AMNH + +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1655 +); ³, +Ecuador +, +Dos Puentes +, + +1700 ft + +, + +Jan 1929 + +, leg. +W.J. Coxey +, +CMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-647 +); +♀ +, +Ecuador +, +Pichincha +, +Tinalandia +, + +17 km +E Sto. Domingo de Los Colorados + +, + +700 m + +, + +16 Mar 2006 + +, day, leg. +J.S. Miller +& +A. Guasti +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1658 +). + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF279ED3BD781634FBE34995.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF279ED3BD781634FBE34995.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..506e6aa7591 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF279ED3BD781634FBE34995.xml @@ -0,0 +1,357 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Josia fusigera +Walker Plate + +32 + + + + + + + + +Josia fusigera +Walker, 1864: 133 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: (Sine patria). + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +♀ +, ex Norris Collection ( +BMNH +). + + + + + + + +Josia fusifera +Druce, 1885a: 149 + + +. + + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY +: +Nicaragua +, +Chontales +. + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +♀ +, leg. +T +. Belt ( +BMNH +). + + + + + + + +Josia flexuosa +Hering, 1925: 528 + + +, fig. 71e. +New synonymy +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: ‘‘Mexico’’. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³/ +♀ +, leg. Deppe ( +ZMH +). + + + + + + + +Josia diminuata +Hering, 1925: 528 + + +, fig. 71e. +New synonymy +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: ‘‘Honduras’’. + + + + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +♀ +, leg. ‘‘Wittk.’’ ( +ZMH +). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Josia fusigera + +can be recognized by it relatively large size (FW length +5 +18.5–22.0 mm), and by having broad, light yellow-orange FW and HW stripes. The stripes in both wings are truncate at their apices. Although the species occurs from +Nicaragua +north to +Mexico +, the majority of material in collections is from the latter country. + + +After performing a series of dissections to compare genitalia morphology across a range of specimens, I here propose + +flexuosa +Hering + +, along with its so-called subspecies + +diminuata +Hering + +, as synonyms of + +fusigera + +. In all these, male and female genitalia are identical. My studies also confirm that the name + +fusifera +Druce + +should be retained as a synonym of + +fusigera + +, following +Bryk (1930) +. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Mexico +(AMNH, ARTC, BMNH, CMNH, LACM, MNHN, USNM, ZMH); +Guatemala +(BMNH, CMNH, USNM); +Honduras +(BMNH, CMNH, USNM, ZMH); +Nicaragua +(BMNH, OUMNH). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Mexico +, +Coatepec +, leg. +J. Brooks +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-341 +) + +; + +³, +Mexico +, +Veracruz +, +Henry Edwards Collection +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-286 +) + +; + +³, +Mexico +, +Veracruz +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-290 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Mexico +, +Veracruz +, +Orizaba +, + +Jun 1913 + +, leg. +C.C. Hoffmann +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-287 +, wing slide no. +JSM-174 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Mexico +, +Veracruz +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-291 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Honduras +, +R +. +Sarstoon +, leg. +Blancaneau +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-342 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF2C9EDBBC9916E5FDBE4E35.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF2C9EDBBC9916E5FDBE4E35.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f30e02b82fa --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF2C9EDBBC9916E5FDBE4E35.xml @@ -0,0 +1,344 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Josia turgida +Warren + +Figure 343 +; plate 33 + + + + + + + + +Josia turgida +Warren, 1905: 314 + + +. + + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY +: +Venezuela +, Valencia. + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³ ( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Josia turgida + +, at one time considered a form of + +J. aurifusa +( +Warren, 1905 +) + +, was elevated to species status by +Miller and Otero (1994) +, who found differences in female genitalia and larval coloring between the two. In retrospect, those differences seem so subtle that perhaps a single species ( + +J. aurifusa + +) should again be recognized. The + +Aurifusa + +Group presents a strong candidate for DNA analyses, which might help in elucidating species boundaries throughout the clade. + + +Larvae of + +J. turgida + +were reared in +Venezuela +on the same two hosts utilized by + +J. aurifusa +— +Passiflora capsularis + +and + +P. rubra + +(table 6). A single specimen at the NMW, formerly in the Möschler Collection, was captured in +Colombia +in 1876. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Venezuela +(AMNH, BMNH, +IZA, OUMNH, USNM +); +Colombia (NMW) +. + + + +DISSECTED +: +Syntype +³ (genitalia slide no. +JSM-645 +) + +; + +³, +Venezuela +, +Barinas +, +Carr. +vía +Altamira +, + +650 m + +, + +28 Jun 1992 + +, leg. +L.D. Otero +, reared ex + +Passiflora capsularis +, AMNH + +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-596 +) + +; + +³, +Venezuela +, +Aragua, Rancho Grande +near +Maracay +, + +9 Sep 1946 + +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-601 +) + +; + +³, +Venezuela +, +Puerto-Cabello +, +San Estevan +, + +6–7 1877 + +, leg. +Hahnel de Sagan +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-335 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Venezuela +, +Barinas +, +Carr. +vía +Altamira +, + +650 m + +, + +28 Jun 1992 + +, leg. +L.D. Otero +, reared ex + +Passiflora capsularis +, AMNH + +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-597 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Venezuela +, +Guacamaya +, +IZA +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-602 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Venezuela +, +San Esteban +, + +Jun 1909 + +, leg. +S.M. Klages +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-336 +) + +. + + +4. + +MEGAERA + +GROUP + + +The + +Megaera + +Group contains two described species, one from Central America and one from South America (pl. 33), but additional undescribed taxa exist. In addition to showing an unusual wing pattern, this group is united by the following traits from genitalia (figs. 344, 345): costa of valva simple, forming a blunt process at apex; vesica long and wide, bearing extremely large, spinelike cornuti; male Tg8 approximately equal in width to St8, gradually tapered distally; DB moderately long, with a band of coarse internal spines; a large, concave, transverse sclerite near middle of CB; signum relatively small, almost round. + + + + +KEY TO + +MEGAERA + +GROUP SPECIES Plate 33 + +1. Longitudinal FW stripe short, barely bent toward anal margin; vertex dark gray in central portion with narrow, orange-yellow lateral margins; male Lp3 elongate, over one-half as long as Lp2; costa of valva becoming gradually wider toward apex (fig. 345A); + + + +vesica with a small patch of dentate cornuti at base, two robust, curved, spinelike cornuti distally (fig. 345C); DB elongate (fig. 345E); CB with a long, narrow spinose sclerite at base; FW length +5 +12.0–13.5 mm ( +French Guiana +and +Venezuela +S to +Brazil +and +Bolivia +)........... + +megaera +(Fabricius) + + + +– Longitudinal FW stripe elongate, bent strongly toward anal margin; vertex orange-yellow, with a small patch of dark gray scales anteriorly; male Lp3 short, one-third as long as Lp2; costa the same width for its entire length (fig. 344A); vesica with short, spinelike cornuti at base, a set of large straight, spinelike cornuti distally (fig. 344D); DB short (fig. 344C); CB with a short, folded spinose sclerite at base; FW length +5 +13.0– 15.5 mm ( +Honduras +N to southern +Mexico +)................... + +integra +Walker + + +SPECIES INCLUDED AND MATERIAL EXAMINED + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF2D9ED8BF5B1475FD804967.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF2D9ED8BF5B1475FD804967.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..056fd1c46d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF2D9ED8BF5B1475FD804967.xml @@ -0,0 +1,210 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Josia subcuneifera +Dognin + +Figure 342 +; plate 33 + + + + + + + + +Josia subcuneifera +Dognin, 1902: 342 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Ecuador +, ‘‘Environs de Loja’’. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³, leg. 1889, ex Dognin Collection ( +USNM +type no. 30944). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: Historically, there has been confusion regarding the status of + +J. subcuneifera + +( +Prout, 1918 +; +Bryk, 1930 +). It was +Hering’s (1925) +opinion that + +J. subcuneifera + +, whose +type +is from southern +Ecuador +, might be a race or form of either + +J. aurifusa + +or + +J. turgida + +, both from +Venezuela +. My dissections show that + +J. subcuneifera + +is a species distinct from these. Its genitalia show basic similarities with those of other + +Aurifusa + +Group members (figs. 341, 343), but exhibit a unique shape of the valval costa (fig. 342A), as well as an exceptionally wide ductus bursae (fig. 342D). + + + +Josia subcuneifera + +is known to me from +three specimens +—the male and female USNM +syntypes +, as well as a male at the CUIC. All three examples were dissected. In addition to features of the genitalia, + +J. subcuneifera + +can be distinguished from other + +Aurifusa + +Group species by the narrow blackish band, bending around the HW outer margin, and by its slightly larger size. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Ecuador +(USNM); +Peru +(CUIC). + + + +DISSECTED +: +Syntype +³ (genitalia slide no. +JSM-1375 +) + +; + +³, +Peru +, +El Campamiento +, +Col. Perene +, + +23 Jun 1920 + +, +CU Expedition Lot +607, Sub 110, +CUIC +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-292 +; whole body dissection) + +; + +♀ +Syntype +, +Ecuador +, +Environs +de +Loja +, 1893, +Dognin Collection +, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1712 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF389ECCBC9811C2FEE64BCC.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF389ECCBC9811C2FEE64BCC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7932ebd54e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF389ECCBC9811C2FEE64BCC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,167 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Josia infausta +Hering Plate + +32 + + + + + + + + +Josia infausta +Hering, 1925: 527 + + +, fig. 71b. + + + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY +: +Colombia +, +Río San Juan. + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +♀ +, ‘‘Tr.’’ ( +ZMH +). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: Based on superficial study of the + +J. infausta + +type +, this species belongs in + +Josia + +. According to my observations, the FW shape and color of + +J. infausta + +suggest an affinity with + +J. mononeura + +and + +J. insincera + +. A USNM female from +Panama +(pl. 32) matches the +type +of + +infausta + +closely. The +type +locality for + +J. infausta + +, Río San Juan, is in the state of +Chocó +in northwestern +Colombia +. This habitat is contiguous with lowland +Panama +, so a Panamanian specimen could conceivably be conspecific. Assuming the USNM female is correctly identified as + +J. infausta + +, dissection of that specimen (JSM-546) shows a taxon distinct from + +J. insincera + +, but extremely close in genital morphology. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Colombia (ZMH) +; +Panama +(USNM). + + +DISSECTED +: +♀ +, +Panama +, +Trinidad +River, +Jun 1912 +, leg. August Busck, USNM (genitalia slide no. JSM-546). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF389ECCBF5812A8FCDB4866.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF389ECCBF5812A8FCDB4866.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..480fb2dc548 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF389ECCBF5812A8FCDB4866.xml @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Josia insincera +Prout + +Figure 337 +; plates 32, 39M [EX] + + + + + + + + +Josia insincera +Prout, 1918: 423 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY +: +Venezuela +, Cucutá. + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +³ ( +BMNH +). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: Three species form a subclade within the + +Ligula + +Group: + +Josia insincera + +, + +J. mononeura + +, and + +J. similis + +. All exhibit an olive-brown FW ground color, contrasting with a blackish-brown HW. The longitudinal stripes and HW anal margin are orange-yellow. + +Josia insincera + +is the smallest member of this group. The moth—relatively common in disturbed habitats of +Venezuela +where its host plant, + +Passiflora biflora + +, grows—has been reared on numerous occasions by L.D. Otero (Universidad de Los Andes, +Mérida +). + +Josia insincera + +has less frequently been collected in +Colombia +, in the northeastern portion of the country (Barranquilla) adjoining +Venezuela +. The reticulate color pattern of + +J. insincera + +caterpillars (pl. 39M) is typical for + +Josia + +. Adults and larvae were discussed and figured in +Miller (1996) +. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Venezuela +(AMNH, BMNH, CAS, +IZA, LACM, MNHN, USNM, ZMH +); +Colombia (BMNH, MNHN, ZMH) +. + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Venezuela +, +Mérida Prov. +, + +60 km +NW Bocono + +along +Bocono-Pampan Rd. +, + +1900 ft + +, + +31 Mar 1992 + +, leg. +J.S. Miller +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-659 +) + +; + + +³ +Paratype + +, +Venezuela +, +Cucuta +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-298 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Venezuela +, +Mérida Prov., Puente +Victoria +, + +540 m + +, + +1 May 1993 + +, leg. +L.D. Otero +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-660 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Venezuela +, +Ciudad +Bolivar +, leg. +S. Klages +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-299 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF389ECFBF6717E7FE414EBB.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF389ECFBF6717E7FE414EBB.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ac7585451c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF389ECFBF6717E7FE414EBB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Josia interrupta +Warren Plate + +32 + + + + + + + + +Josia interrupta +Warren, 1901: 441 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Colombia, Cali. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³, leg. W. Rosenberg, +Sep– Dec 1894 +( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Josia interrupta + +can be distinguished from most other + +Josia +species + +by its narrow longitudinal FW and HW stripes (pl. 32). The one in the FW is slightly constricted beyond its midpoint, terminating short of the outer margin. The FW itself is somewhat quadrate below the apex, unlike species such as + +J. fustula + +(pl. 32) in which the FW is more elongate. Verified examples of + +J. interrupta + +are relatively rare in collections. As far as I can determine, with the exception of a single specimen collected by Fassl in +Panama +, the moth is known exclusively from +Colombia +. + + +An undescribed western Ecuadorian species exists (AMNH, CMNH), exhibiting genitalia (JSM-648, 649) that differ slightly from those of + +J. interrupta + +. The moth from +Ecuador +also differs in showing wider wing stripes. It was reared on an unidentified + +Passiflora + +by S. Weller and N. Jacobson (1984). + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Colombia (BMNH, CUIC, USNM) +; +Panama +(BMNH). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Colombia +, Ibague´, Dognin Collection, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-558 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Colombia +, +Caldas +, +Río Canca +, + +1000 m + +, + +24 May 1908 + +, leg. +Fassl +, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-559 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF3A9ED1BF4617DDFF214966.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF3A9ED1BF4617DDFF214966.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..774b6a87135 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF3A9ED1BF4617DDFF214966.xml @@ -0,0 +1,228 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Josia oribia +Druce + +Figure 339A–E +; plate 32 + + + + + + + + +Josia oribia +Druce, 1885b: 528 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: ‘‘E. Peru’’. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³, leg. Whitely ( +BMNH +) + + + + + + + +Josia schnusei +Strand, 1920: 134 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Bolivia +, Sarampioni to Mapiri + + + + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +♀ +(not seen), leg. +W. Schnuse +, ‘‘I.–IV.’’ + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Josia oribia + +is distinguished by the wide, distally rounded longitudinal stripes of the FW and HW. The FW costa is dark with a few buff-colored scales, and the head is creamy white as in + +J. ligula + +. Numerous similarities of the genitalia suggest that + +Josia oribia + +and + +J. ligula + +are close relatives (compare figs. 338, 339A–E). In addition, they are roughly the same size (FW length +5 +12.0–16.0 mm). Other than the width of their wing stripes, the most reliable way to separate them is by differences in the shape of the sclerites at the base of the female CB. Even then, it is best to have dissections of both species on hand for comparison. The remarkable mimicry between + +Josia oribia + +and + +Erbessa mimica + +(pl. 4) is discussed in reference to the latter. + + +The BMNH male dissected (JSM-325) was identified by Martin Hering as ‘‘ + +schnusei + +’’, supposedly a form of + +oribia + +. I was not able to locate the + +schnusei + +type +, but follow previous authors in retaining it as a synonym of + +oribia + +. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Peru +(AMNH, BMNH, CUIC, FNHM, MUSM, OUMNH, ZMH); +Bolivia +(BMNH, USNM, ZMH). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Peru +, Marcapata, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-325 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Peru +, +Río Colorado +, + +2500 ft + +, + +Aug 1903 + +, leg. +Watkins +& +Tomlinson +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-326 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF3B9ECFBD7911B6FC2E4CC6.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF3B9ECFBD7911B6FC2E4CC6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..83b9665d583 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF3B9ECFBD7911B6FC2E4CC6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,149 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Josia lativitta +Walker + + + + + + + + + +Josia lativitta +Walker, 1869: 6–7 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: Not known. + + + + +TYPE + + +: Not seen ( +BMNH +?). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: I was not able to establish the identity of + +J. lativitta + +. The location of the +type +remains a mystery. Intense searches during numerous visits to the BMNH were fruitless, and it is not at the OUMNH, where several Walker +types +are housed. +Walker’s (1869) +description suggests that this moth belongs in + +Josia + +: the head, palpus, and abdomen are white beneath; the abdomen bears ochreous lateral stripes, and the wing stripes are wide, ‘‘luteous white’’. According to +Prout (1918: 423) +‘‘Walker’s +type +has the band of the forewing bleached white, but evidently belongs to the Amazonian species which resembles + +oribia + +except in the narrower orange areas’’. Hering gave no definitive characters for the species. His illustration of + +lativitta + +( +Hering, 1925 +: fig. 71b) shows a moth similar to + +oribia + +, but with narrower longitudinal FW bands, thus matching Prout’s diagnosis. On the other hand, the specimen in Hering’s figure is indistinguishable from many known examples of + +J. ligula + +. The latter is Amazonian (see below), which vaguely plays into this discussion. To summarize: The identity of + +J. lativitta + +is in question, but I have placed it in the + +Ligula + +Group based on the scant evidence at hand. It will be essential to locate and study the +type +. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: Not known. + + +DISSECTED +: None. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF8D9E78BF5013C4FEDA4F1D.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF8D9E78BF5013C4FEDA4F1D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2d03e75d562 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FF8D9E78BF5013C4FEDA4F1D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,206 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Phavaraea dilatata +(Walker) + +Figures 305E–G +, +306B +, +307 +; plate 28 [EX] + + + + + + + + +Josia dilatata +Walker, 1854: 316 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Brazil +. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +3, Bates Collection ( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Phavaraea dilatata + +can be distinguished from other members of the genus because the FW is more elongate (pl. 28), and the FW veins are lined with light brown scales as they run through the dark brown ground color; in other + +Phavaraea + +the FW veins are concolorous. Males exhibit a complex, and unique, set of androconia providing for easy recognition. First, the HW is extremely full with a greatly expanded anal margin (fig. 306B), held folded around the abdomen ( +Walker, 1854 +). Within this fold, the HW margin bears long, pedicellate, light gray androconia interspersed with even longer, brown lanceolate ones. On the abdomen itself there are +two types +of androconia: (1) long, blackish-brown bristles arising from the pleuron of A4–A6; and (2) elongate blackish-brown scales on the dorsum of A5–A7. The blackish bristles alone make the moth instantly recognizable. How the various parts of this male system function together during courtship is unknown. + + + +Phavaraea dilatata + +is relatively rare. My survey of the world’s collections uncovered a total of +24 specimens +(1933, +5♀♀ +), most of these captured well over 100 years ago. The largest series, at the ZMH, contains +six males +and +two females +, originally from the Staudinger Collection, all in beautiful condition ( +Brazil +, Novo Friburgo). +Three specimens +document the species’ occurrence in +Suriname +(13) and +French Guiana +(13, +1♀ +), while the remainder were collected in eastern +Brazil +, in the vicinity of +Rio de Janeiro +. The genitalia of moths from these rather disjunct localities are identical. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Brazil +(BMNH, CAS, MCZ, MNHN, OUMNH, VOB, ZMH); +French Guiana +(CAS); +Suriname +(BMNH). + + + +DISSECTED +: 3, +Suriname +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-346 +) + +; + +3, +Brazil +, +Espírito Santo +, +R +. +H. Stretch Collection +, +CAS +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1743 +, wing slide no. +JSM-1667 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Brazil +, +Rio de Janeiro +, +San Fidelis +, Sto. +Antonio dos Brotos, 1876 +–1882, leg. + +August Vincent +de Lyon + +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-347 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFA59E51BCFC16FFFB504B86.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFA59E51BCFC16FFFB504B86.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5892c1bcc8d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFA59E51BCFC16FFFB504B86.xml @@ -0,0 +1,404 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Proutiella tegyra +(Druce) + +, + +new combination + +Figure 288 +; plate 26 [EX] + + + + + + + + +Josia tegyra +Druce, 1899: 298 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: ‘‘Ecuador’’. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +♀ +, leg. Whitely ( +BMNH +). + + + + + + + +Josia (Phintia) tessmanni +Hering, 1925: 525 + + +, fig. +70g +. +New synonymy +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Peru +, Río Pachitea. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +3/ +♀ +( +ZMH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: Numerous small + +Proutiella +species + +show a narrow yellow transverse FW band and a white HW central area (pl. 26). +Bryk (1930) +listed five— + +esoterica +Prout (1918) + +, + +jordani +Hering (1925) + +, + +simplex +Walker (1856) + +, + +tegyra +Druce (1899) + +, and + +tessmanni +Hering (1925) + +. In an attempt to make taxonomic sense of this situation, I dissected material from sites across the Amazon Basin. Genitalia comparisons confirm my suspicion that fewer valid species exist than had heretofore been recognized. However, I took a conservative approach, sinking only one of the five names; + +tessmanni + +is now a junior synonym of + +tegyra + +. + + +According to my concept, + +P. tegyra + +exhibits slight intraspecific differences in the size and shape of the yellow FW band, as well as in the shape of the white HW area, but these are not correlated with differences in genital morphology. + +Proutiella tegyra + +is the smallest member of this species complex, being significantly smaller than + +P. esoterica + +and + +P. simplex + +, but only slightly smaller than + +P. jordani + +. I did not dissect the +types +of + +tegyra +, +esoterica + +, or + +jordani + +, and there remains a strong possibility that even fewer valid species are involved. Resolution of that issue will require revisionary work. + + +Specimens of + +P. tegyra + +can be found in most major collections, but usually only a few examples exist at each. The species appears to occur throughout lowland forests of the Upper Amazon Basin. It has not been recorded in the lower Amazon, home to + +P. simplex + +. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Ecuador +(AMNH, BMNH); +Peru +(AMNH, CMNH, ZMH); +French Guiana +(JCC); +Brazil +(AMNH, BMNH, CMNH, USNM). + + + +DISSECTED +: 3, +Peru +, +Middle +Río Ucayali +, + +20 Sep 1923 + +, +H. Bassler Collection +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-282 +) + +; + +3, +Brazil +, +São Paulo +de Olivença +, + +Sep 1935 + +, leg. +S. Waehner +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-317 +) + +; + +3, +Peru +, +Río Pachitea +, leg. +G. Tessmann +, +ZMH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1422 +) + +; + +3, +Peru +, +Achinamiza +, + +25 Dec 1925 + +, F6001, H. +Bassler Collection +, +Acc. +33591, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1727 +) + +; + +3, +Peru +, +Yurimaguas +, +Río Huallaga +, + +3 Apr 1920 + +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1726 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Ecuador +, +Sucumbíos +, +Yasuní +, +Garzacocha +, + +6 Aug 1992 + +, leg. +P. DeVries +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1725 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Peru +, +Achinamiza +, + +11 Oct 1927 + +, H. +Bassler Collection +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-283 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Brazil +, +Amazonas +, +Bates Collection +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-318 +) + +. + + + + + +Proutiella vittula +(Hübner) + +, + +new combination + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFAB9E5EBE911475FB1E4E66.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFAB9E5EBE911475FB1E4E66.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bf89f7238c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFAB9E5EBE911475FB1E4E66.xml @@ -0,0 +1,483 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Getta niveifascia +Walker + +, +revised status +Figures 289B–D, 289G +, +292 +; plate 26 [EX] + + + + + + + + +Getta niveifascia +Walker, 1864: 140 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Peru +, Nauta, ‘‘Amazon Region’’. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +3, ex Bates Collection ( +BMNH +). + + + + + + + +Getta probles +Prout, 1918: 427 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Peru +(E), Chanchamayo, +1000–1500 m +. + + + + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +♀ +, leg. +Watkins +( +BMNH +). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: Material identified as + +Getta clite + +in museum collections has been incorrectly named. I dissected the BMNH +type +of + +clite + +and discovered it to be a species of + +Erbessa + +(tribe +Dioptini +). + +Getta niveifascia + +, formerly a synonym of + +ennia +( +Bryk, 1930 +) + +, is thus raised from synonymy. The wing patterns of + +E. clite + +(pl. 3) and + +G. niveifascia + +(pl. 26) are easily confused, but obvious features of their morphology, such as tympanal structure and wing venation, differ drastically. This misidentification, ascribed to +Kirby (1892) +, was followed by all subsequent authors. +Prout (1918) +described + +probles + +as a subspecies of ‘‘ + +Getta clite + +’’. My dissections of the +types +confirm that + +probles + +and + +niveifascia + +are conspecific. + + +Preliminary studies suggest that + +G. niveifascia + +occurs throughout the Amazon Basin, occurring at a fairly wide range of altitudes. The +type +locality, Nauta, is near Iquitos on the Río +Marañon +at an elevation of 100 meters. Other examples, such as Prout’s +type +of + +probles + +, were collected at 1000–1500 meters in the eastern Andes. + + +However, dissections hint that + +G. niveifascia + +could ultimately represent a case analogous to what was discovered for + +G. baetifica + +; what appeared at first to be a single species, is in fact a series of cryptic species. +French Guiana +specimens of + +G. niveifascia + +show slight differences from Peruvian material. In males the costa of the valva is straighter and the vesica of the aedeagus is larger. Rather than describe material from +French Guiana +as distinct, I await future revisionary work and treat all this material as a single species. + + + +Getta niveifascia + +was reared in +French Guiana +(table 6) on + +Passiflora candida + +(pl. 41B, subgenus + +Astrophea + +). + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Peru +(AMNH, BMNH, MUSM); +Bolivia +(CUIC); +Ecuador +(BMNH); +Colombia (AMNH) +; +Brazil +(USNM, VOB); French Guiana (AMNH, BHC, OUMNH); +Guyana +(CMNH); +Venezuela +(MNHN). + + + +DISSECTED +: +Syntype +3 (genitalia slide no. +JSM-1403 +) + +; + +3, +Peru +, +La Merced +, + +2500 ft + +, + +5 Jun 1903 + +, leg. +Watkins +& +Tomlinson +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1365 +) + +; + +3, +Peru +, +Madre de Dios +, +Tambopata Reserve +, + +200 m + +, + +Dec 1994 + +, leg. +S. Fratello +, day-collecting (genitalia slide no. +JSM-1462 +) + +; + +3, +Colombia +, +Cauca +Valley +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-366 +) + +; + +3, +French Guiana +, +Kaw +, PK 31.5, + +25 Sep 1992 + +, leg. +J.A. Cerda +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1367 +) + +; + +3, ‘‘ +French Guiana’ +’, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1405 +) + +; + +3, +French Guiana +, Fourgassie´, + +20 Jan 1985 + +, no. 98, leg. +B. Hermier +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1524 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Brazil +, +Santarém +, +Rio Tapajós +, +Pará +, + +Nov 1921 + +, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-563 +) + +; + +♀ +holotype +of + +probles +Prout + +, +Peru +, +Chanchamayo + +1000–1500 m + +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1525 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Peru +, +Moyobamba +, 1888, leg. +M. de Mathan +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1366 +) + +; + +♀ +, +French Guiana +, +Kaw +, PK 41, + +25 Aug 1994 + +, leg. +J.A. Cerda +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1368 +) + +; + +♀ +, +French Guiana +, +Matoury +, + +Oct 1981 + +, leg. +J.Y. Gallard +, +BHC +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1735 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFAB9E5FBD6C16EAFBE348F3.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFAB9E5FBD6C16EAFBE348F3.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..04d3922fc9b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFAB9E5FBD6C16EAFBE348F3.xml @@ -0,0 +1,281 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Getta ennia +Druce Plate + +26 [EX] + + + + + + + + +Getta ennia +Druce, 1899: 295 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: ‘‘Brazil’’. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +♀ +, leg. Smith ( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: Since its original description ( +Druce, 1899 +), + +ennia + +has been included in + +Getta + +, even though males lack the conspicuous FW and HW androconial patches found in other species. My cladistic analyses confirm this placement (fig. 283). Supporting evidence includes: the tuft of scales on the antennal scape; the presence of an elongate anterior apodeme on male St8; the presence of a thornlike process on the valva apex, and the presence of a coriaceous sclerite on the female CB. + +Getta ennia + +also shows three important wing venation characters of the genus: FW vein M +1 +is stalked with Rs +1 +–Rs +4 +; HW veins Rs and M +1 +are completely fused; and the male FW DC is short and narrow. + + +The androconia found in other + +Getta +species + +were thus either lost in + +G. ennia + +, or this species represents the basal element of the genus and they evolved subsequently. As is noted in the Diagnosis for + +Getta + +(above), the wings of + +G. ennia + +males seem to possess a rudimentary androconial system. This could have led to the evolution of more elaborate structures. + + + +Getta ennia + +shows additional characteristics setting it apart from other + +Getta +species. + +All other taxa have Lp1, the lower portion of the occiput, and often the propleuron, yellow. In + +G. ennia + +these regions are uniformly dark gray, like the rest of the body. The labial palpi of + +G. ennia + +are thinner than those of other + +Getta +species. + +The shape of the male tegumen and socii uncus complex are also unusual, as is the structure of the ventral plate in the female corpus bursae. + + +An AMNH male from +Bolívar +in southern +Venezuela +(leg. Carl Ferraris) is blacker than most examples of + +Getta ennia + +; the abdomen is entirely black above, with the venter being broadly dark gray. Its genitalia (JSM-567) differ slightly from those of + +G. ennia + +, suggesting that this specimen represents an undescribed species. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Brazil +(AMNH, BMNH, CMNH, ZMH); +Peru +(BMNH); +Ecuador +(BMNH); +Venezuela +(AMNH). + + + +DISSECTED +: 3, +Brazil +, +Pará +, leg. +A.M. Moss +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1406 +) + +; + +3, +Brazil +, +Humayta +, +Río Madeira +, + +Jul–Sep 1906 + +, leg. +W. Hoffmanns +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1407 +) + +; + +3, +Brazil +, +Manacapurú +, + +Mar 1926 + +, leg. +S.M. Klages +, +C.M. Acc. +8607, +CMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-562 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Brazil +, +Humayta +, +Río Madeira +, + +Jul–Sep 1906 + +, leg. +W. Hoffmanns +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1408 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Amazons +, +L. de Villafranca +, coll. 477, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-295 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFBC9E4BBEDF10D2FBBD4947.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFBC9E4BBEDF10D2FBBD4947.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3ebebcf8aed --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFBC9E4BBEDF10D2FBBD4947.xml @@ -0,0 +1,302 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Proutiella ilaire +(Druce) + +, + +new combination + +Figures 284B, 284C +, +285 +; plate 26 [EX] + + + + + + + + +Ephialtias ilaire +Druce, 1885a: 147 + + +, pl. 13, fig. 26. + +TYPE + +LOCALITY +: +Panama +, Bugabá, 800– + + + +1500 ft. +TYPE +: +Syntype +3, leg. Champion (BMNH). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Proutiella ilaire + +can be distinguished by its iridescent, dark blue-gray ground color in the wings (pl. 26). The blue is usually somewhat more brilliant in the HW than in the FW. + +Proutiella ilaire + +shows similarities to + +P. repetita + +from +Colombia +, which differs in being slightly larger and in having a small, light yellow spot at the HW apex (pl. 26). However, morphological study suggests that, within + +Proutiella + +, + +P. ilaire + +is most closely related to + +P. latifascia + +; the two share the presence of a long, thin process on the costa of the male valva (figs. 285A, 287A). + + +In +Costa Rica +, + +P. ilaire + +is known almost exclusively from the +Osa Peninsula +(fig. 4), on the Pacific coast near the border with +Panama +. That material is undoubtedly conspecific with the + +P. ilaire + +type +(from northwestern +Panama +). However, a single specimen (shown here as + +P. ilaire + +, pl. 26) was captured by Gunnar Brehm ( +April 2003 +) near Puerto Viejo (fig. 4), on the Caribbean side of the Cordillera Central. In lieu of obtaining additional material, I have not performed dissections to determine whether eastern material represents an undescribed species. If previous experience with Costa Rican +Dioptinae +holds true, the two are distinct. + + + +Fig. 284. Morphology of + +Proutiella + +(33). +A, +head of + +P. vittula + +, lateral view; +B, +head of + +P. ilaire + +, lateral view; +C, + +P. ilaire + +wings (illustration by J.S. Miller). + + + +Hering (1925) +described + +turbida + +as a subspecies of + +ilaire + +, and +Bryk (1930) +listed that name as an + +ilaire + +synonym. I studied the male and female ZMH +syntypes +of + +P. turbida + +—both from northwestern +Colombia +—and have concluded that this taxon is instead a synonym of + +P. latifascia +Prout (1918) + +. + +Proutiella latifascia + +shows a characteristic purplish iridescence in the otherwise dark brown HW, and the FW band is wider than in + +P. ilaire + +. The + +turbida + +types show both traits clearly. Furthermore, they were collect- ed in the same habitat as + +P. latifascia + +(see below). + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Costa Rica +(AMNH, EME, INBio, LACM, SMNS); +Panama +(BMNH, CAS, USNM, ZMH); +Colombia (AMNH, BMNH, USNM) +. + + + +DISSECTED +: 3, +Costa Rica +, +Golfito +, + +24 Jul 1957 + +, leg. +Truxal +& +Menke +, +LACM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1486 +, wing slide no. +JSM-1666 +) + +; + +3, [no data], Wm Schaus Collection, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1380 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Panama +, +Chiriquí +, +Wm. Schaus Collection +, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1381 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Panama +, +Canal Zone +, +Barro Colorado Island +, + +8 Jan 1945 + +, leg. +C. Michener +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1487 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFC49E32BE8D1105FC594E0F.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFC49E32BE8D1105FC594E0F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5104e9ba4bc --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFC49E32BE8D1105FC594E0F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,469 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Phintia broweri + +, +new species + + + + + +Figures 304 +, +328 +, +329A–E +; plate 31 + + + + +DIAGNOSIS +: + +Phintia broweri + +and + +P. podarce + +can be separated by their wing patterns (pl. 31). The most obvious difference is that the HW of + +P. broweri + +is completely black, whereas the HW of + +P. podarce + +exhibits a light yellow central area, extending from slightly short of the radial sector anteriorly to the anal margin posteriorly. Their FW differs as well: the yellow transverse band is wider and longer in + +P. broweri + +, extending from behind the costa posteriorly to vein 1A+2A, near the tornus; in + +P. podarce + +the transverse FW band is narrow at its anterior end behind the costa, and terminates posteriorly at CuA +2 +. More subtle differences include a slightly darker ground color in + +P. broweri + +with a faint, blue iridescence not found in + +P. podarce + +, as well as more lemon yellow ( + +broweri + +), rather than light yellow ( + +podarce + +) wing markings. + +Phintia broweri + +tends to be somewhat larger as well, although the number of specimens for comparison is few. Finally, the labial palpus of + +P. broweri + +(fig. 328A, D) is wider than that of + +P. podarce + +. Genital differences are outlined in the key to species (above). + + + + +DESCRIPTION +: +Male. +Forewing length +5 +13.5–14.0 mm. +Head +(fig. 328A–D): Lp1 moderately long, wide, lateral surface with light yellow scales from base in posterior half, blackish gray to gray scales in anterior half, inner surface blackish gray; Lp2 extremely long, almost straight, joined at a sharp angle to Lp1, tightly covered with short, gray-black to gray scales on lateral and mesal surfaces, ventral surface unevenly covered with whitish-yellow scales; Lp2 with an apical tuft of elongate, gray, hairlike scales; Lp3 obscured by apical tuft of Lp2; front covered with gray to blackish-gray scales; occiput blackish brown in upper half, with long, light yellow scales in lower half; a second group of light yellow scales on cervical region below occiput; vertex covered with upright, blackish to dark gray scales; antennal scape glossy black to blackish brown; dorsum of antennal shaft tightly covered with glossy, gray-black scales. + + +Thorax +: Coxa on prothoracic leg glossy blackish gray on outer surface, conspicuous creamy white on inner one; remainder of legs dark gray on outer surfaces, whitish on inner ones; tibial spurs mostly white, light gray on outer surfaces; pleuron covered with short, dark gray scales, these having a bluish iridescence, a small patch of buff to light brown scales in pleuron immediately below tegula; patagium evenly covered with long, blackish-brown scales; tegula covered with dark blackish-brown scales, these with an iridescent blue tinge; margins of tegula trimmed with elongate, hairlike scales; dorsum evenly blackish brown, with a blue iridescence. + + +Forewing +(fig. 328E; pl. 31): (Dorsal) Ground color evenly matt black, the only marking a wide, lemon-yellow transverse band; band straddling discocellular veins at outer portion of DC, its anterior margin extending to slightly behind costa, its posterior margin ending slightly short of tornus, barely crossing 1A+2A; inner and outer margins of lemon-yellow band lightly infiltrated with black scales where it crosses wing veins. (Ventral) Similar to dorsal surface except slightly lighter, ground color gray black, gray along anal margin behind 1A+2A; lemon-yellow transverse band wider than on dorsal surface and less intense in tone. + + +Hind wing +(fig. 328E; pl. 31): (Dorsal) Ground color evenly black, without markings, gray along anterior margin from base to near apex. (Ventral) Similar to dorsal surface, but lighter in tone, gray-black. + + +Abdomen +: Dorsum dark blackish brown, with a blue, iridescent luster; pleuron dark gray; venter white, infused with dark gray scales along dorsolateral margins. + + + +Terminalia + +(fig. 329A–C, E): Tg8 narrowing distally, posterior margin with a deep, wide, V-shaped excavation; St8 relatively wide, mesal apodeme on anterior margin gradually tapered toward apex; socii apposed to uncus, uncus and socii elongate, thin, approximately equal in length; socii laterally compressed; costa of valva fairly wide, forming a blunt process distally; aedeagus almost straight, sides roughly parallel (aedeagus in + +P. podarce + +slightly constricted in basal third); aedeagus tapered to a sharp ventral point distally; distal two-thirds of vesica angled upward at an almost 90 +° +angle. + + +Female. +Forewing length +5 +14.0–14.5 mm. Head, thorax and wings similar to male except for the following: labial palpus short- er, without an elbowlike joint between Lp1 and Lp2, lacking a long apical tuft on Lp2; antenna ciliate; inner surface of procoxa gray-brown, not conspicuously white; rest of legs uniformly gray-brown, not white on inner surfaces; FW and HW ground color slightly lighter, transverse band wider. + + + +Terminalia + +(fig. 329D): Posterior margin of Tg7 with an extremely deep, wide, Ushaped excavation, extending anteriorly over three-fourths of tergum length; St7 roughly quadrate, very slightly tapered toward posterior margin; PA small, triangular in shape; AA and PP thin, moderate in length; PVP with a set of longitudinal carinae in central portion, posterior margin simple; DB lightly sclerotized, laterally compressed, widest near middle; CB bearing a long, narrow dorsal sclerite, this lacking a seam; dorsal appendix of CB finely coriaceous; signum bird shaped, internal spines short. + + + + +ETYMOLOGY +: This species is named in honor of Andrew Van Zandt Brower, who accompanied me to Tambopata Reserve. During that trip he collected the +holotype +, as well as one of the +paratypes +, of + +P. broweri + +. I became jealous of his uncanny ability to collect +Dioptinae +; I would come back to camp after a full day with only a fraction of his catch. Andy is a gifted Lepidopterist, both in the field and in the laboratory. His contributions to the study of butterfly systematics, as well as to evolutionary biology in general, are internationally renowned. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: It is impossible to adequately assess the distribution of + +Phintia broweri + +at the present time, since only +six specimens +are known. Five of those are from the +type +locality—Tambopata Reserve (fig. 304), a lowland site ( +200 m +) in southeastern +Peru +on the Río Tambopata, a tributary of the Río +Madre de Dios +(fig. 6). Eventually, these rivers become the Rio Madeira, which joins the Amazon below Manaus. Interestingly, the butterfly faunas of Tambopata and Pakitza, the latter a nearby site within Manu National Park, are the richest on record anywhere in the world ( +Lamas, 1997 +). These locations are home to a remarkable diversity of +Dioptinae +as well. + + +A female specimen in the BMNH collection, collected nearly 120 years ago at Yunga del Espiritu Santo ( +Cochabamba +) +Bolivia +, appears to be conspecific with + +P. broweri + +. It was not dissected. This Bolivian example comes from a site geographically close to the +type +locality (fig. 304). Espirito Santo is at the headwaters of the Río Mamore´, which, along with the Río Madre de Dios, empties into the Río Madeira. However, the elevation at Espirito Santo (approximately 1500 meters) is high compared with that at Tambopata. For the time being, I accept this Bolivian specimen as being an example of + +P.broweri + +until more material becomes available and additional dissections are done. + + + + +DISCUSSION +: This is the second species in + +Phintia + +. The other taxon, + +P. podarce + +, being more broadly distributed, is also more common in collections. + +Phintia broweri + +is remarkably elusive. I have seen only +six specimens +—four at the AMNH (including the +type +), one at the FNHM, and one at the BMNH. During a field trip to Tambopata Reserve in 1996, intensive day-collecting by five Lepidopterists, including myself, during the course of a week, produced only +two specimens +of + +P. broweri + +(both captured by A. Brower). + + + + + + +HOLOTYPE + +: +Male +(pl. 31). + + +PERU + +: + +Madre de Dios +: + + + +12 +° +51 +9 +S + +, + +69 +° +18 +9 +W + +, + +200 m + +, +Tambopata Reserve +, day coll., + +11 Dec 1996 + +, leg. A. +V +.Z. + + + +Brower (genitalia slide no. +JSM- +1745). The +type +is deposited at the +AMNH +. + + + + +PARATYPES + +: + + +PERU + +: + +Madre de Dios +: + + +1³, +Tambopata Reserve +, + +12 +° +51 +9 +S + +, + +69 +° +18 +9 +W + +, + +200 m + +, + +11 Dec 1996 + +, leg. A. +V +. +Z. Brower +, day coll. ( +AMNH +; genitalia slide no. +JSM-848 +, wing slide no. +JSM-1663 +) + +; + +1³, +Tambopata Reserve +, 30 air km SW +Pto +. Maldonado, + +290 m + +, + +26–30 Nov 1979 + +, leg. +J.B. Heppner +, subtropical moist forest ( +FNHM +) + +; + +1♀ +, +Tambopata Reserve +, + +200 m + +, + +Dec 1994 + +, leg. +S. Fratello +, day coll. ( +AMNH +; genitalia slide no. +JSM-849 +) + +; + +1♀ +, +Tambopata Reserve +, + +30 km +SW Pto. Maldonado + +, + +300 m + +, + +16–22 Oct 1983 + +, leg. C. +V +. +Covell Jr. +( +AMNH +) + +. + + + + +OTHER +SPECIMENS +EXAMINED +: + + +BOLIVIA + +: + +Cochabamba +: + + +1♀ +, Yunga del Espiritu Santo, 1888–89, leg. P. Germain (BMNH). + + +DISSECTED +: 2³³, +1♀ +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFC69E35BEB41143FDCE484C.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFC69E35BEB41143FDCE484C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..62d1431ccc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFC69E35BEB41143FDCE484C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,335 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Phintia podarce +Walker + +, +revised status +Figures 329F, 329G +, +330 +; plate 31 [EX] + + + + + + + + +Phintia podarce +Walker, 1854: 306 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Brazil +, Pará. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +♀ +( +BMNH +). + + + + + + + +Phintia cercostis +Walker, 1854: 307 + + +. +New synonymy +. +TYPE +LOCALITY +: +Brazil +, Pará. +TYPE +: +Syntype +♀ +, Bates Collection + + +(BMNH). + + + +DISCUSSION +: This species is here taken from + +Josia + +, where it had most recently been placed ( +Bryk, 1930 +), and reassigned to + +Phintia + +following its original author ( +Walker, 1854 +). Specimens of + +P. podarce + +are widely distributed across the world’s collections, but the moth rarely occurs in larges series. The holdings of the BMNH ( +23 specimens +) and ZMH ( +13 specimens +) are by far the largest. Males are much less common than females. The bulk of + +P. podarce + +material was collected in +Brazil +. + + +My examination of Walker’s + +P. cercostis + +and + +P. podarce + +types +suggests that these are conspecific. Not only do they show identical wing patterns, but also both possess exactly the same (sparse) label data—‘‘ +Pará +’’. In placing one of the names in synonymy, I have chosen + +podarce + +to take precedence over + +cercostis + +on the basis of page priority. At first it seems remarkable that Walker described these as distinct species, rather than treating them as a single entity. However, two factors were at work: First, this attests to the remarkable speed at which he was naming species. Second, since Walker was paid piecework for each genus and species described, there was little incentive to proceed with care. Within the +Dioptinae +, there are numerous species that he described more than once. + + +An AMNH female from +Mexico +exhibits genitalia differing from those of other + +Phintia +species. + +This specimen not only represents a third species, but is also the first record of the genus for Central America. Its description will await the discovery of Central American males. Label data are as follows: +Mexico +, +Veracruz +, Presídio, +Aug 1939 +, leg. C.C. Hoffmann, AMNH (genitalia slide no. JSM-1510). + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Brazil +(BMNH, CAS, CUIC, CMNH, OUMNH, USNM, ZMC, ZMH); +Peru +(AMNH, CUIC, ZMH); +French Guiana +(AMNH, BMNH). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Brazil +, +Pará +, +Benevides +, + +Oct 1918 + +, leg. +S.M. Klages +, +CMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-313 +) + +; + +³, +Peru +, +Madre de Dios +, + +12 +° +51 +9 +S + +, + +69 +° +18 +9 +W + +, + +200 m + +, +Tambopata Reserve +, day coll., + +6 Dec 1996 + +, leg. A. +V +. +Z. Brower +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1746 +) + +; + +³, +Peru +, +Achinamiza +, + +30 Aug 1927 + +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1466 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Brazil +, +Santarém +, + +May 1919 + +, leg. +S.M. Klages +, +CMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-314 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Peru +, +Achinamiza +, + +24 Aug 1929 + +, ‘‘F6001’’, +H. Bassler Collection +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1511 +) + +. + + + + + +NOTASCEA +MILLER + +, +new genus + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFC89E3FBC1613A6FDA54C35.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFC89E3FBC1613A6FDA54C35.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..602115798af --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFC89E3FBC1613A6FDA54C35.xml @@ -0,0 +1,438 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Notascea nudata +(Hering) + +, + +new combination + +Plate 31 + + + + + + + + +Scea nudata +Hering, 1925: 529 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Brazil +. + + + +TYPE + +: +Lectotype +³/ +Paralectotype +♀ +, leg. Sello ( +ZMH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: Though described in + +Scea +( +Hering, 1925 +) + +because of its wing pattern, this species belongs in + +Notascea + +. + +Notascea nudata + +is known exclusively from the male and female +syntypes +(ZMH). The male is here designated as the +lectotype +, while the female becomes a +paralectotype +. + + +This species can quickly be distinguished from other + +Notascea +species + +because it shows a single black line within the orange basal FW triangle (pl. 31), running along the cubitus from the base to approximately one third of the way out. Another useful diagnostic trait involves the frontal scales. In + +N. nudata + +, the front is light brown in the center and white along the lateral margins, whereas in other + +Notascea +species + +the front is uniformly gray-brown to dark gray, without white scales. + + +A beautiful series in the Vitor Becker Collection (4³³, +1♀ +) represents an undescribed + +Notascea +species + +with a wing pattern similar to that of + +N. nudata + +. In these, two veins—the base of the radius and the base of the cubitus—are lined with black. This undescribed taxon appears to be the smallest member of the genus (FW length +5 +12.5–14.5 mm). Its slide data are as follows: ³, +Brazil +, BA, Camacã, +600 m +, +15 Nov 1995 +, leg. V.O. Becker, VOB (genitalia slide no. JSM-910); +♀ +, +Brazil +, +Espírito Santo +, Linhares, +40 m +, +5–9 Apr 1992 +, leg. V.O. Becker, VOB (genitalia slide no. JSM-911). + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Brazil +(VOB, ZMH). + + + +DISSECTED +: +³ type +, ‘‘7834’’, ( +JSM-1767 +) + +; + +♀ +type +[no data] ( +JSM-1768 +) + +. + + + + + +Notascea obliquaria +(Warren) + +, + +new combination + +Figures 331A–C, 331E +, +332C–F +, +334 +; plate 32 [EX] + + + + + + + +Scea obliquaria +Warren, 1906: 315 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY +: +Brazil +, +Paraná, Castro. + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +³ ( +USNM +type no. 9169). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: This species, described in + +Scea +( +Warren, 1906 +) + +, has resided there ever since ( +Prout, 1918 +; +Hering, 1925 +; +Bryk, 1930 +). I unwittingly chose it as an exemplar for cladistic analysis, but the result was surprising. Rather than grouping with other + +Scea +species + +as would be expected, + +obliquaria + +instead fell out as a separate clade, far removed from its so-called relatives (fig. 283). Eventually, I concluded that a new genus— + +Notascea + +—should be created to accommodate + +N. obliquaria + +and three additional josiines, all extremely obscure. + + +Within + +Notascea + +, + +N. obliquaria + +is distinguished by the extensive amounts of black lining the veins within the orange FW area (pl. 32). Its genitalia are typical of the clade (see genus diagnosis), but males also show features unique to the species, such as extremely thin socii (fig. 334A) and a narrow anterior apophysis on St8 (fig. 334B). + + +While most + +Notascea +species + +are rare, + +N. obliquaria + +is fairly well represented in collections. It also reigns as the most widespread taxon in the genus, having been collected in an area broadly bordering the northern limits of the Pampas, at elevations between 100 and 1000 meters. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Brazil +(AMNH, BMNH, USNM, VOB); +Paraguay +(BMNH, USNM); +Argentina +(AMNH); +Bolivia +(BMNH, LACM); +Peru +(BMNH). + + + +DISSECTED +: +Holotype +³ (genitalia slide no. +JSM-1514 +); ³, +Paraguay +, +Sapucay +, + +16 Aug 1904 + +, leg. +W. Foster +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-356 +); ³, +Brazil +, +Planaltina +, + +1000 m + +, + +26 Aug 1986 + +, leg. +V +. +O. Becker +, +VOB +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-480 +); ³, +Paraguay +, Depto. +Concepción +, +Ao. Tatatiya-mi +, + +22 +° +39 +9 +S + +, + +56 +° +01 +9 +W + +, + +10–17 Apr 1986 + +, leg. +M. Pogue +& +A. Solis +, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1752 +, wing slide no. +JSM-1472 +); +♀ +, +Brazil +, +Sta. Catharina +, leg. +Fritz Hoffmann +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1751 +); +♀ +, +Bolivia +, +Prov. Sara +, +Dept. S. Cruz de la Sierra +, + +Apr–May 1904 + +, leg. +J. Steinbach +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-357 +). + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFCE9E3CBEAA11E3FE9D4CA4.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFCE9E3CBEAA11E3FE9D4CA4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..678b7952896 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFCE9E3CBEAA11E3FE9D4CA4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,306 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + +Notascea brevispinula + +, +new species +Figures 304 +, +333 +; plate 32 + + + + +DIAGNOSIS +: This, the largest species of + +Notascea + +(³ FW length +5 +16.0 mm), differs from other members of the genus in showing vibrant orange color in the FW, and in having a blacker FW and HW ground color (pl. 32). The FW veins in + +N. obliquaria + +are more extensively lined with black (pl. 31), whereas the forewings of + +N. nudata + +and + +N. loxa + +exhibit fewer black veins (pl. 31). A subtle feature of the FW sets + +N. brevispinula + +apart; the veins in the outer portion are lined with charcoal-gray scales, contrasting against the black ground color. The male genitalia of + +N. brevispinula + +are unique in that the set of cornuti on the dorsum of the vesica (fig. 333C), near its base, are short and delicate. In other + +Notascea +species + +these are more robust. + + + + +DESCRIPTION +: +Male. +Forewing length +5 +16.0 mm. +Head +: Labial palpus moderately long, porrect, Lp3 drooping slightly downward; Lp1 covered with light gray scales, a loose fringe of longer scales below; Lp2 longer than Lp1, more tightly scaled, covered with light gray to gray-brown scales; Lp3 short, bullet shaped, light gray-brown; front gray-brown, somewhat darker toward middle, covered with appressed, ventromesally pointing scales; occiput light gray; eye large, bulging outward; vertex covered with anteriorly directed, light gray to gray scales, frosty gray between antennae; vertex scales forming a slight, longitudinal groove between antennal bases; scape and dorsum of antennal shaft covered with glossy, dark brownishgray scales. + + +Thorax +: Legs covered with glossy, gray to dark gray-brown scales; tibial spurs light gray; pleuron covered with elongate light gray to dark gray scales; patagium dark gray; tegula dark gray to gray-brown, fringed with long, hairlike dark gray scales; dorsum uniformly dark gray. + + +Forewing +: (Dorsal) Basal two-thirds forming a large, orange-yellow triangle (pl. 32); costal region, outer third, and anal margin blackish gray; radial sector, including fork of R +1 +, and cubitus widely lined with black in orange triangle; a few scattered black scales lining basal extension of M +2 +within DC; a small number of black scales scattered along anal fold; all black lines arising from base, but falling well short of distal margin of orange area; fovea, between black-lined fork of R +1 +and base of Rs +1 +–Rs +4 +, an elongate oval, sparsely clothed with short, light orange scales, its surface somewhat shiny; associated fold between bases of M +1 +and M +2 +scaleless; outer margin of orange triangle crossing at a gentle oblique angle, its edge slightly irregular; orange area extending only to fork of M +3 ++CuA +1 +; veins in dark outer third lined with lighter gray scales. (Ventral) Similar to dorsal surface except colors less intense; triangle almost uniformly orange-yellow, without black veins except near base of cubitus; fovea sparsely covered with small, ovoid, light yellow scales; anal margin glossy light gray. + + +Hind wing +: (Dorsal) Ground color uniformly dark, blackish gray (pl. 32); anterior margin lighter gray. (Ventral) Slightly lighter gray than dorsal surface, especially near anal margin. + + +Abdomen +: Uniformly dark, brownish gray. + + + +Terminalia + +(fig. 333): Tg8 slightly narrow- er distally, posterior margin with a wide, Ushaped mesal excavation, anterior margin broadly concave; anterior apodeme on St8 wide, relatively short, its apex truncate; posterior excavation on St8 wide; costa of valva long and narrow, straight, distal portion gently expanded, forming an acute point at apex; rugose area at dorsum of BO weakly defined; aedeagus wide, rounded at base, forming an acute distal process, bent slightly downward; vesica equal in width to aedeagus, dorsal group of cornuti extremely short, distal group of spinelike cornuti numerous (n +5 +24), relatively short and robust; vesica with approximately 10 caltrop cornuti below apex. + + +Female. +Unknown. + + + + +ETYMOLOGY +: The species name combines the Latin words for ‘‘short’’ ( +brevis +) and ‘‘little spine’’ ( +spinula +), in reference to the group of short dorsal cornuti on the male vesica (fig. 333C), a characteristic of this taxon. Other + +Notascea +species + +have a set of long, robust cornuti in that location. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: The only known example of + +N. brevispinula + +is from Petrópolis in eastern +Brazil +, on the outskirts of +Rio de Janeiro +(fig. 304). Extensive sampling in the forests along the Brazilian coast will be crucial for delimiting the range of this species. + + + + +DISCUSSION +: Unfortunately, a search of the world’s collections produced only a single male specimen of + +N. brevispinula + +. +Two females +are potential candidates: The first (AMNH) is from Tijuca on the coast of +Brazil +, slightly south of Rio. A second (USNM) matches the wing pattern of the +type +male with precision. That specimen (pl. 32), from the William Schaus Collection, bears no locality data. After carefully studying characters such as scale arrangements on the head and thorax, I decided that neither of these females conclusively matches the male + +brevispinula + +type +. Their label data are summarized below (Other Specimens Examined). Description of females must therefore await discovery of additional material. + + + + + + +HOLOTYPE + +: +Male +(pl. 32). + + +BRAZIL + +: + +Rio de Janeiro +: + + +Petropolis +, + +650 m + +, + +10–20 Oct 1985 + +, leg. +V +. +O. Becker +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-481 +). +The +type specimen is deposited in the +Vitor Becker Collection +, +Serra Bonita +, +Brazil. + + + + +PARATYPES + +: None. + + + + + + +OTHER + +SPECIMENS +EXAMINED +: + + +BRAZIL + +: + +Rio de Janeiro +: + + +1♀ +, +Tijuca +, no. 7760, +Collection Hy. Edwards +( +AMNH +; genitalia slide no. +JSM-1517 +) + +; + +1♀ +, [no data], +Wm. Schaus Collection +( +USNM +; genitalia slide no. +JSM-1518 +) + +. + + + +DISSECTED +: +Holotype +³ (genitalia slide no. +JSM-481 +). + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD09E24BC17145BFC674B4F.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD09E24BC17145BFC674B4F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e80418ff402 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD09E24BC17145BFC674B4F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,305 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Lyces longistria +(Warren) + +, + +new combination + +Figures 325A–E +; plate 30 + + + + + + + + +Josia longistria +Warren, 1904: 17 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Ecuador +, ‘‘Baiza’’. + + + + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +♀ +, leg. +Haensch +, + +Jan 1900 + +( +BMNH +). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: Other than the +type +and an additional female at the BMNH, as well as an LACM female, the only known specimens of + +L. longistria + +(10³³, +10♀♀ +) are at the AMNH. The latter were collected relatively recently, either as adults or larvae, in the vicinity of the Yanayacu Biological Station (pl. 43), near Cosanga, +Ecuador +. + +Lyces longistria + +, referred here from + +Josia + +, has been reared on + +Passiflora monadelpha + +(table 6). + + +My dissections show that, within the + +Patula + +Group, + +L. longistria + +is most closely related to + +L. gopala + +( +Venezuela +) and + +L. patula + +( +Colombia +). Among other similarities, all three taxa exhibit truncated FW stripes (pl. 30), and all show an acute central process on the valval costa (325A). Interestingly, these species occur on the Amazonian slope of the Andes. In +Ecuador +, a similar-appearing species, + +L. striata + +(pl. 31), can be found on the western slope. Its genitalia differ from eastern taxa, because the central costal process is absent (fig. 323F). + +Lyces striata + +forms a subclade with two additional western-slope species— + +L. andosa + +(pl. 30) and + +L. attenuata + +(pl. 31), both from +Colombia +. + + + +Lyces longistria + +appears to be endemic to a relatively small region of eastern +Ecuador +( +Napo Province +), in the vicinity of Baeza and Cosanga. The label on the + +longistria + +type +incorrectly reads ‘‘Baiza, Peru’’. ‘‘Baiza’’ is a misspelling of Baeza. Haensch, who captured the +type +, collected exclusively in +Ecuador +, never in +Peru +(Gerardo Lamas, personal commun.). + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Ecuador +(AMNH, BMNH, LACM). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Ecuador +, +Napo +, + +Yanayacu Biological Station +, S + +00 +° +35.9 +9 +W 77 +° +53.4, + +2163 m + +, reared #971, + +Nov 2004 + +, leg. +H. Greeney +et al., +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1489 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Ecuador +, +Napo +, +Cosanga +, +Río Aliso +, + +2200 m + +, + +25 Dec 1993 + +, leg. +E. Tapia +, ‘‘reared ex + +Passiflora + +#5’’, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1384 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Ecuador +, +Napo +, +Yanayacu Biological Station +, + +5 km +W Cosanga + +, +Cosanga-Río Alíso Rd +, + +2200 m + +, + +25 Sep 2004 + +, day-collecting, leg. +J.S. Miller +& +E. Tapia +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1715 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD19E25BCCE1745FD6E4BCD.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD19E25BCCE1745FD6E4BCD.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bc8953873f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD19E25BCCE1745FD6E4BCD.xml @@ -0,0 +1,368 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Lyces fornax +Druce + +, +revised status +Plates 30, 39K + + + + + + + + +Lyces fornax +Druce, 1885b: 525 + + +, pl. 32, fig. 11. + +TYPE + +LOCALITY +: +Ecuador +, Intaj. + + + + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³, leg. Buckley ( +BMNH +). + + + + + + + +Ephialtias aperta + +Warren, 1905: 313 + + + +. + +New +synonymy + +. +TYPE +LOCALITY +: +Peru +, +Cuzco +, Cajon. +TYPE +: +Holotype +³, leg. +Garlepp +, + +Oct 1900 + + + +(BMNH). + + + + +Ephialtias latimargo +Warren, 1904: 16 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: ‘‘Baiza’’, +Ecuador +, +16 Jan 1900 +, leg. Haensch. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³ ( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Lyces fornax + +is striking as the only member of the + +Patula + +Group to exhibit a transverse FW band (pls. 30, 31). Others show longitudinal or, occasionally, oblique stripes. Nevertheless, numerous synapomorphies, including the presence of an enlarged distal cornutus of the vesica (e.g., figs. 323B, 324B, 324G), support this placement for + +L. fornax + +. Interestingly, its wings are almost indistinguishable from those of + +L. angulosa + +(pl. 29), a Brazilian josiine in the + +Angulosa + +Group. For that reason, +Hering (1925) +assigned + +fornax + +and + +angulosa + +to the same subgroup of + +Josia + +. However, these pattern similarities appear to have arisen through convergence. Here, + +fornax + +is transferred from + +Josia + +to + +Lyces + +as a new combination. + + +As with other + +Lyces +species + +, + +L. fornax + +shows considerable variation in the width of the yellow transverse FW band, as well as in the size and shape of the yellow HW central area. Genitalia dissections suggest that + +L. aperta +Warren + +, formerly recognized as a species ( +Bryk, 1930 +)—a form with an extremely wide, almost oval-shaped FW band—is a synonym of + +L. fornax + +. This new synonymy extends the range of + +L. fornax + +, previously thought to occur only in +Ecuador +, south to +Bolivia +. My dissections also confirm the synonymy of + +latimargo + +, described by +Warren (1904) +as an ‘‘aberration’’ of + +fornax + +. + + +Caterpillars of + +L. fornax + +(pl. 39K) were discovered on the banks of the Río +Pastaza +in eastern +Ecuador +, feeding on + +Passiflora ligularis + +(J.S. Miller, L.D. Otero, and E. Tapia; table 6). It utilizes this same host at Yanayacu Biological Station ( +Dyer et al., 2009 +), further north. Adults and larvae were figured in +Miller (1996) +. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Ecuador +(AMNH, BMNH, NMW, USNM); +Peru +(AMNH, BMNH, MUSM, USNM); +Bolivia +(BMNH). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Ecuador +, +Env. d’Ambato +, leg. +R +P. Irenee Blanc +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-348 +) + +; + +³, +Ecuador +, +Napo +, +Baeza +, near +Río Quijos +, + +6200 ft + +, on shrub flowers, + +31 Oct 1988 + +, leg. +J.S. Miller +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-432 +) + +; + +³, +Peru +, +Quiroz +, + +10 Nov 1933 + +, +AMNH +(genitalia and appendage slide no. +JSM-135 +; wing slide no. +JSM-172 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Ecudaor +, +El Topo +, +Río Pastaza +, + +4200 ft + +, leg. +M.G. Palmer +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-349 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD29E26BC0C111EFD7A4F59.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD29E26BC0C111EFD7A4F59.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..89f359bbd52 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD29E26BC0C111EFD7A4F59.xml @@ -0,0 +1,223 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Lyces solaris +(Schaus) + +, + +new combination + +Figure 324F–J +; plate 30 + + + + + + + + +Scea solaris +Schaus, 1892: 285 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: ‘‘Peru’’. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +♀ +( +USNM +type no. 11572). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: +Schaus (1892) +described + +solaris + +in the genus + +Scea + +, undoubtedly because of its wing pattern (pl. 30). However, as has happened to so many taxonomists studying the +Josiini +, he was misled by convergence. Subsequent authors ( +Prout, 1918 +; +Hering, 1925 +; +Bryk, 1930 +) followed Schaus, retaining the species in + +Scea + +, but here + +solaris + +is referred to + +Lyces + +as a new combination. + + +Another taxon formerly in + +Scea + +but now in + +Lyces +— + + +vulturata +Warren + +(pl. 30)—shares wing-pattern similarities with + +solaris + +. Ignoring wing pattern, the genitalia of + +solaris + +(fig. 324F–J) are similar to those of + +L. fornax + +(pl. 30) in every detail. The relationship of these taxa to one another, and to other members of + +Lyces + +, will be revealed only through a comprehensive revision and phylogenetic analysis of the genus. + + +The female +syntype +of + +L. solaris + +is missing its abdomen, but I examined a male and female, both from the USNM, identical to it in every way. The male of + +L. solaris + +possesses antennal rami so short that the antenna could be characterized as ciliate or subserrate. + + + +Lyces solaris + +is extremely rare. In addition to the three USNM specimens noted above, there are +six females +at the BMNH. The male dissected (JSM-1391) is the only one known. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Peru +(USNM); +Bolivia +(BMNH), +Argentina +(USNM). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, ‘‘ +Peru’ +’, Colln. Wm Schaus, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1391 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Argentina +, [‘‘Valliceto’’], + +27 Sep 1920 + +, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1392 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD59E20BEBC11AFFD854BCC.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD59E20BEBC11AFFD854BCC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a07ba69feea --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD59E20BEBC11AFFD854BCC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,347 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Lyces annulata +(Dognin) + +, + +new combination + +Plate 31 + + + + + + + + +Josia annulata +Dognin, 1909: 223 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Colombia +, +San Antonio +, +2000 m +. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³, leg. Fassl, +22 Jul 1908 +( +USNM +). + + + + + + + +Josia punonis +Strand, 1920: 133–134 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY +: +Peru +, +Puno +, Titicaca. + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +♀ +(not seen). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: This species is here transferred from + +Josia +Hübner. +Prout (1918) + +hinted that + +annulata +Dognin + +and + +cruciata +Butler + +might be conspecific, but left them as separate taxa. +Hering (1925) +concurred, suggesting that the only wing-pattern difference is a slightly broader HW stripe in + +L. annulata + +, but again retained both as species. A series of genitalia dissections from specimens spanning a wide geographical distribution, provides further support; + +annulata + +and + +cruciata + +are distinct species. Differences between them are subtle. The strongest involves the shape of the socii. These are wide in + +L. annulata + +, but narrow with an elbowlike bend in + +L. cruciata + +. The female genitalia differ in the configuration at the base of the CB, and in signum shape. No other means for separating the two taxa were found. Width of the wing stripes offers no aid. + + + +Lyces annulata + +and + +L. cruciata + +are closely related to two additional taxa: + +L. tamara + +from northern Central America and + +L. aurimutua + +from +Brazil +. This subclade also includes the Ecuadorian endemic, + +L. minuta + +. All of these are unique among + +Lyces + +in showing an orange-yellow longitudinal band on the propleuron, as well as a transverse band of orange-yellow scales on the A1 dorsum. + + +I have not seen the +type +of + +punonis +Strand + +, and so cannot vouch for its placement as a synonym of + +annulata + +. I simply follow +Bryk (1930) +. + + +Caterpillars of + +Lyces annulata + +were reared in +Colombia +and +Venezuela +on three different + +Passiflora +species + +(table 6), all belonging in the subgenus + +Granadilla +( +Killip, 1938 +) + +. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Venezuela +(AMNH, BMNH, CMNH, FNHM, +IZA, LACM, MNHN, OUMNH, USNM, ZMH +); +Colombia (AMNH, BMNH, USNM, ZMC, ZMH) +; +Ecuador +(AMNH, LACM, BMNH, USNM); +Peru +(AMNH, BMNH, CAS, CUIC, FNHM, FML, LACM, MNHN, MPM, MUSM, ZMH); +Bolivia +(BMNH); +Brazil +(AMNH, BMNH, CAS, LACM, MNHN, OUMNH, USNM, VOB, ZMC, ZMH). + + +DISSECTED +: +Syntype +³ (JSM-702); ³, +Venezuela +, +Mérida, Carr. Tovar-Zea +, +2 km +de El Amparo, +1100 m +, +24 Jan 1993 +, leg. L.D. Otero, ex ovi on + +Passiflora cyanea +, AMNH + +(genitalia slide no. JSM-657); ³, +Bolivia +, Reyes, +7 Apr 1895 +, leg. Stuart, BMNH (genitalia slide no. JSM-307); ³, +Colombia +, +Meta +, Río Negro, nr. Guayabetal, Pipiralito, + +4 +° +15 +9 +N + +, + +73 +° +45 +9 +W + +, +1000 m +, +May 1977 +, leg. J. Mallet, D. Jackson, ex larva on + +Passiflora nitida +, AMNH + +(genitalia slide no. JSM-553); ³, +Peru +, Río Pacaya– +Río Ucayali +, +Jun–Sep 1912 +, AMNH (genitalia slide no. JSM-1385); ³, +Brazil +, +Bahia +, leg. D. Davies, CAS (genitalia slide no. JSM-1386); +♀ +, +Venezuela +, +Mérida, Carr. Tovar-Zea +, +2 km +de El Amparo, +1100 m +, +24 Jan 1993 +, leg. L.D. Otero, ex ovi on + +Passiflora cyanea +, AMNH + +(genitalia slide no. JSM-658). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD69E22BC0716C8FD7A48A5.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD69E22BC0716C8FD7A48A5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..04f53009268 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD69E22BC0716C8FD7A48A5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,223 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Lyces cruciata +(Butler) + +, + +new combination + +Plate 31 [EX] + + + + + + + + +Josia cruciata +Butler, 1875: 340 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Panama +, Veragua. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +♀ +, ‘‘75 +? +28’’, leg. Salvin ( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: This is another + +Patula + +Group species taken from + +Josia +Hübner + +and placed in + +Lyces + +as a new combination. Based on my species concepts, + +L. cruciata + +shows a relatively restricted geographical distribution, occurring from the +Osa Peninsula +of southwestern +Costa Rica +(fig. 4) south to +Veraguas +, +Panama +. On the other hand, the species with which + +L. cruciata + +is essentially identical in size and wing pattern, + +L. annulata + +, is broadly distributed across northern South America, south to +Bolivia +and +Brazil +. The life history of + +Lyces cruciata + +was discovered by independent research groups in +Costa Rica +and +Panama +(table 6). The caterpillars feed on + +Passiflora menispermifolia + +. + + +According to +Prout (1918) +, the +type +locality for + +cruciata + +is in +Panama +. The label data on the +type +and in the original description ( +Butler, 1875 +) give the locality as ‘‘Veragua’’. The state of +Veraguas +, +Panama +, would be closest to this name. Butler also gives ‘‘Salvin’’ as the collector. Salvin collected extensively throughout +Costa Rica +and +Panama +. + + +Butler’s description of + +cruciata + +(1875: 340) is misleading. He described the body as ‘‘black above, head and thorax spotted with orange, metathorax orange’’. However, the prominent, orange transverse band straddles the base of A1 (pl. 31), not the metathorax. On the head, Lp1, Lp2, the front, and the occiput are orange. Overall, there appears to be a great deal of variation in the amount of orange scaling on the body of this species, including tremendous variation in the width of the longitudinal FW and HW stripes. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Costa Rica +(AMNH, CAS, INBio, USNM); +Panama +(AMNH, BMNH, CAS, CMNH, FNHM, LAC, MUSNM, NMW, ZMH). + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Costa Rica +, +Osa Peninsula, Corcovado Park, Sirena +Station 995, +15 Jan 1989 +, leg. C.N. Duckett, reared on + +Passiflora menispermifolia +, AMNH + +(genitalia slide no. JSM-552); ³, +Panama +, Barro Colorado, Canal Zone, +9 Feb 1936 +, leg. Gertsch, Lutz, Wood, AMNH (genitalia slide no. JSM-1709); ³, +Panama +, +Chiriquí +, BMNH (genitalia slide no. JSM-308); +♀ +, +Panama +, Barro Colorado, Canal Zone, +11 Mar 1936 +, leg. F.E. Lutz, AMNH (genitalia slide no. JSM-1710). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD69E25BECC17A4FEBF4807.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD69E25BECC17A4FEBF4807.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4bb05e5f97f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD69E25BECC17A4FEBF4807.xml @@ -0,0 +1,230 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Lyces fluonia +(Druce) + +, + +new combination + +Plate 30 + + + + + + + + +Scea fluonia +Druce, 1885b: 525 + + +, pl. 32, fig. 12. +TYPE +LOCALITY +: +Ecuador +, Chiguinda. +TYPE +: +Syntype +³, leg. C. Buckely + + +(BMNH). + + + +DISCUSSION +: The oblique yellow FW marking of + +L. fluonia + +is distinctive. Although this species has historically been considered a close relative of + +L. banana + +because of roughly similar wing patterns ( +Hering, 1925 +), numerous male genital differences suggest that the two belong in separate species groups within + +Lyces + +. In an earlier paper using a relatively small set of josiines, but employing larval as well as adult morphology ( +Miller, 1996 +), I suggested that + +fluonia + +belongs in a clade with + +cruciata +, +gopala + +, and + +striata + +. Here, all these taxa are placed together in the + +Patula + +Group of + +Lyces + +. A species-level analysis for + +Lyces + +would be required to more precisely determine the position of + +L. fluonia + +. Such an analysis might pinpoint the evolutionary transition that gave rise to its anomalous wing pattern. + + +Rex Friesen (USDA) reared + +L. fluonia + +on + +Passiflora mollissima + +in +Ecuador +(table 6). Even though this species is not particularly well represented in museum collections, it is apparently quite common in the habitats where it occurs (R. Friesen, personal commun.). The AMNH holdings contain a recently collected series (8 ³³, +7 ♀♀ +). + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Ecuador +(AMNH, BMNH, CMNH, USNM, ZMH); +Peru +(BMNH, MUSM, OUMNH). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Ecuador +, +Carchi +, +Hwy +between Mira-El +Angel +, + +8300 ft + +, + +8 Jun 1992 + +, leg, +R +. +D. Friesen +, ex larva + +on + +Passiflora mollissima +, AMNH + + +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-714 +) + +; + +³, +Peru +, +Amazonas +, +Chachapoyas +, 1889, leg. +M. de Mathan +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-309 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Ecuador +, +Ibarra +, + +May 1897 + +, leg. +Rosenberg +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-310 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD99E2CBE9213C6FE2F48C4.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD99E2CBE9213C6FE2F48C4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3e90bdf32f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFD99E2CBE9213C6FE2F48C4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,270 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Caribojosia youngi +Rawlins and Miller + +Figures 326 +, +327 +; plate 31 + + + + + + + + +Caribojosia youngi +Rawlins and Miller, 2008: 211– + + + + +224. + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY +: +Dominican Republic + +; + +Independencia +, +Sierra de Neiba + +. + + + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +³, leg. J. Rawlins, +R +. Davidson, C. Young & S. Thompson, Sierra de Neiba just south of crest, +5 km +NNW Angel Feliz, +1780 m +, 18–14N, 71–47W, +13– 15 Oct 1991 +, cloud forest ( +CMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: It seems remarkable that a diurnal moth as large and showy as + +C. youngi + +(pl. 31), had gone unnoticed and uncollected until 1991. Nevertheless, its very existence heralds the urgent need to document the biodiversity of endangered habitats such as the Sierra de Neiba. The 20-year biotic survey of +Lepidoptera +from +the Dominican +Republic undertaken by Rawlins et al. (CMNH), comprising nearly a quarter million specimens (see +Rawlins and Miller, 2008 +), serves as a model for such research. The two dioptines discovered from their work— + +Caribojosia youngi + +and + +Eremonidia mirifica + +—are nothing short of earth-shattering, whether viewed from the standpoints of biogeography, phylogeny, or basic natural history. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Dominican Republic +(AMNH, CMNH). + + + +DISSECTED +: + +Paratype + +³, +Dominican Republic +, +Independencia +, + +Sierra +de Neiba + +just south of crest, + +5 km +NNW Angel Feliz + +, + +1780 m + +, 18–41N, 71– +47W. + +13–15 Oct 1991 + +, leg. +J. Rawlins +, +R +. +Davidson, C +. +Young, S +. Thompson, +Cloud forest +, +CMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-568 +) + +; + + +Paratype + +³, +Dominican Republic +, +Independencia +, + +Sierra +de Neiba + +just south of crest, + +5 km +NNW Angel Feliz + +, + +1780 m + +, 18–41N, 71– +47W. + +13–15 Oct 1991 + +, leg. +J. Rawlins +, +R +. +Davidson, C +. +Young, S +. Thompson, +Cloud forest +, +CMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1747 +) + +; + + +Paratype + +♀ +, +Elías Piña +, + +Sierra +de Neiba + +at crest, 5.5 km NNW +Angel Feliz +, + +1800 m + +, 18–41N, 71–47W, + +15 Oct 1991 + +, leg. +R +. +Davidson, C +. +Young, S +. +Thompson, J +. Rawlins, +Cloud forest +, +CMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-876 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFDD9E29BEA812A8FB5448F6.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFDD9E29BEA812A8FB5448F6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..186521d6bde --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFDD9E29BEA812A8FB5448F6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,276 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Lyces tamara +(Hering) + +, + +new combination + +Figure 325F–J +; plate 31 + + + + + + + + +Josia tamara +Hering, 1925: 527 + + +, fig. 71b. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: ‘‘Honduras’’. + + + + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +♀ +( +ZMH +). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Lyces tamara + +is the northernmost member of a five-species clade within the + +Patula + +Group. This subgroup, which ranges as far south as southeastern +Brazil +, includes + +L. annulata + +, + +L. cruciata + +, + +L. minuta + +, and + +L. aurimutua + +. The clade is united by the presence of an orange-yellow transverse band on A1, and an orange-yellow longitudinal band on the T1 pleuron. Their male genitalia exhibit a wide costal flange. In addition to being the largest of these species, + +Lyces tamara + +is the only one showing a white longitudinal stripe on the abdominal pleuron; in all others this stripe is orange. The male genitalia of + +L. tamara + +are unique among + +Lyces + +in exhibiting a strange, caplike dorsal structure on the uncus (fig. 325F). + + + +In addition to the +ZMH +holotype +, I know + +L. tamara + +from +14 specimens +: three from +Veracruz +, +Mexico +( +FNHM +, +PMNH +) + +; + +one from +Puebla +, +Mexico +( +FNHM +), eight from +Chiapas +, +Mexico +( +ARTC +, +LACM +, +PTC +) + +; + +and two from +Guatemala +( +LACM +, +USNM +). +Of +this material, the only male is at the +LACM +( +JSM-1674 +) + +. + + +Hering (1925) +described + +tamara + +in + +Josia + +, and it was retained there by +Bryk (1930) +. Here, it is referred to + +Lyces + +as a new combination. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Honduras +(ZMH); +Guatemala +(LACM, USNM); +Mexico +(FNHM, LACM, PMNH, PTC). + + + +DISSECTED +: +Holotype +♀ +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-701 +); ³, +Mexico +, Chiapas, ‘‘ +Chorradero’ +’, + +3 Jun 1973 + +, leg. +Robert Wind +, +LACM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1674 +); +♀ +, +Guatemala +, +Alta Verapaz +, +Tamahu +, + +1000 m + +, + +5 Dec 1983 + +, leg. +P. Hubbell +, +LACM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1675 +). + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFE89E1CBC161096FECE4BCC.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFE89E1CBC161096FECE4BCC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bdf67541e9a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFE89E1CBC161096FECE4BCC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,187 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Lyces enoides +(Boisduval) + +, + +new combination + +Plate 29 + + + + + + + + +Retila enoides +Boisduval, 1870: 94 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: ‘‘ +Honduras +and Mexico’’. + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY +: +Syntype +³ ( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: The +type +of + +L. enoides + +(pl. 29), which I did not dissect, is similar to + +L. ena + +except that the FW cross-band is lighter yellow. The + +L. enoides + +type +may have simply faded with time. Based on wing pattern, the only other species with which it might be associated is + +Proutiella infans + +(pl. 26). However, the wing of + +L. enoides + +shows vein M +1 +arising at the base of Rs +1 +–Rs +4 +, thus excluding it from + +Proutiella + +. + + +Boisduval, in his original description, listed +Honduras +and +Mexico +as localities for this taxon. My search of museum collections produced no specimens similar in appearance to either + +L. enoides + +or + +L. ena + +from +Honduras +or +Mexico +— +Panama +is the furthest north that + +L. ena + +has been recorded. According to many Lepidopterists, the provenance of Boisduval +types +is often questionable. These observations place the status of + +enoides + +in doubt. In all probability, + +L. enoides + +and + +L. ena + +, described by Boisduval in the same publication, are conspecific. Both Boisduval +types +should be dissected to resolve the issue. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Mexico +(BMNH). + + +DISSECTED +: None. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFE89E1CBEDF12A8FBF7495D.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFE89E1CBEDF12A8FBF7495D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a4657de9b40 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFE89E1CBEDF12A8FBF7495D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Lyces ignorata +(Hering) + +, + +new combination + +Plate 29 + + + + + + + + +Josia ignorata +Hering, 1925: 525 + + +, fig. +71f. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: [Not known]. + + + + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +♀ +, ex Staudinger Collection ( +ZMH +). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Lyces ignorata + +is represented in collections solely by the female +holotype +(pl. 29). That specimen bears no locality data, but in his original description, +Hering (1925: 525) +stated that it might have originated from +Colombia +. + +Lyces ignorata + +is closely related to + +L. ena + +, and the two could be easily confused. However, it differs in significant ways. The type of + +L. ignorata + +, with a FW length of 15.5 mm, is slightly larger than + +L. ena + +, the largest specimens of which have a FW length of 14.5 mm. The yellow FW band of + +L. ignorata + +is also much wider. Finally, the female genitalia of the + +ignorata + +type (JSM-1761) show structural differences distinguishing them from + +L. ena + +, especially with regard to the configuration of the folds at the base of the CB and the shape of the signum. I conclude that this taxon represents a valid species, and await the discovery of additional material. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: Not known. + + + +DISSECTED +: +Holotype +♀ +( +JSM-1761 +). + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFE99E1CBCEE1748FF0F4FD4.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFE99E1CBCEE1748FF0F4FD4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1150593a64d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFE99E1CBCEE1748FF0F4FD4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,409 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Lyces ena +(Boisduval) + +, + +new combination + +Figure 320E +; plate 29 + + + + + + + + +Retila ena +Boisduval, 1870: 95 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +French Guiana +, Cayenne. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +♀ +( +BMNH +). + + + + + + + +Ephialtias tryma +Schaus, 1896: 154 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Trinidad +. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³ ( +USNM +type no. 11574). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: As +Hering (1925) +noted, + +L. ena + +is perhaps the most common species of +Josiini +in collections. The taxon is widespread, occurring from +Panama +south to +Brazil +and +Peru +, and is one of only three josiines found on +Trinidad +. Based on genital similarities, + +L. ena + +belongs in a subclade of the + +Angulosa + +Group along with + +L. ariaca + +, + +L. banana + +, and + +L. enoides + +. All of these are separable by their wing patterns (pl. 29). + + +However, + +Lyces ena + +(pl. 29) and + +Proutiella infans + +(pl. 26) are essentially indistinguishable, sharing nearly identical wing pattern, body coloration, and size. Both show variation in the width and shape of the yellow transverse FW band. It has long been assumed by curators at collections around the world that all josiines of this size and appearance represent a single species— + +L. ena + +. Not until +August 2005 +, when the +type +of + +infans + +was studied, did it become clear to me that two species were actually involved. Upon closer inspection, wing venation and abdominal coloration provide easy means for separation. As is true of other + +Lyces +species + +(fig. 320I), FW vein M + +1 +in + + +L. ena + +arises from the DC, almost touching—but separate from—the base of the radial sector; the abdominal venter is completely white or whitish gray; the thoracic scales are short, but they are not ovoid and appressed. In + +Proutiella infans + +, on the other hand, M +1 +is stalked with Rs +1 +–Rs +4 +, arising basal to Rs +1 +(see fig. 284C); the abdominal venter is white with a wide gray stripe along the midline; and the thoracic scales are extremely short, ovoid, and appressed. + + + +Lyces ena + +has been recorded from two + +Passiflora +species + +(table 6): in +French Guiana +, caterpillars were found on + +Passiflora laurifolia + +, whereas in +Panama +they feed on + +P. vitifolia + +. These plants belong in different + +Passiflora + +subgenera according to +Killip (1938) +. + + +The +type +of + +tryma +Schaus + +shows identical characteristics, including male genital morphology (JSM-1533), with those of + +L. ena + +, thus confirming +Prout’s (1918) +synonymy. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Panama +(AMNH, BMNH, FNHM, USNM); +Venezuela +(AMNH, MNHN, NMW, USNM); +Trinidad +(AMNH, BMNH, CMNH, CUIC, MNHN, OUMNH, USNM); +Guyana +(USNM); French Guiana (AMNH, BMNH, CUIC, MNHN, OUMNH, USNM, ZMH); +Brazil +(AMNH, BMNH, CMNH, CUIC, MNHN, NMW, USNM, ZMC, ZMH); +Colombia (MNHN, USNM) +; +Peru +(AMNH, LACM, MUSM, ZMH). + + + +DISSECTED +: +³ syntype +of + +tryma +Schaus, USNM + +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1533 +) + +; + +³, +French Guiana +, +Cayenne +, + +Mar 1917 + +, +CMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-708 +) + +; + +³, +Brazil +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-139 +; wing slide no. +JSM-176 +) + +; + +♀ +, +French Guiana +, +Mana River +, + +May 1917 + +, +CMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-709 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Panama +, +Pipeline Road +, +Canal Area +, + +9 May 1992 + +, leg. +C. Penz +, ex egg + +on + +Passiflora vitifolia +, USNM + + +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-504 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Peru +, +Upper Río Huallaga +, + +20 Jul 1928 + +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-140 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Trinidad +, BWI, +Arima Valley +, + +25 Feb 1957 + +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-505 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFE99E1DBCF812A8FE414802.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFE99E1DBCF812A8FE414802.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..25a25054fa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFE99E1DBCF812A8FE414802.xml @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Lyces constricta +(Warren) + +, + +new combination + +Plate 29 + + + + + + + + +Ephialtias constricta +Warren, 1901: 440 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Brazil +, +Bahia +. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³ ( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: +Warren (1901) +, in his original description of + +constricta + +, distinguished it from + +L. angulosa + +by being slightly smaller and by having a narrower, more curved stripe in the HW. The BMNH specimens of + +constricta + +I dissected match the +type +precisely and are from the state of +Bahia +in Central +Brazil +, where the +type +was collected. Their genitalia indicate an extremely close relationship with + +L. angulosa + +; the two appear to be sister species. They can be separated by wing size, as well as by several features of their male and female genitalia. Distinguishing characters of the genitalia include: thinner socii in + +L constricta + +males, lacking a dorsal flange as in + +L. angulosa + +(fig. 322A); a blunt ( + +constricta + +) rather than acute ( + +angulosa + +) valva apex; external process of signum rounded in + +L. constricta + +, but broadly truncate in + +L. angulosa + +(fig. 322E). The two species are apparently sympatric throughout their ranges. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Brazil +(AMNH, BMNH, NMW, VOB). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Brazil +, +Bahia +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-206 +) + +; + +³, +Brazil +, +Rio Grande do Sul +, +Sao Leopoldo +, + +4 Oct 1958 + +, +MPM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-554 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Brazil +, +Bahia +, leg. +Fruhstorfer +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-207 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Brazil +, +Rio Grande do Sul +, +Sao Leopoldo +, + +4 Oct 1958 + +, +MPM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-555 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFED9E19BE9210B7FC9D4B4F.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFED9E19BE9210B7FC9D4B4F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1da03c9ea2b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFED9E19BE9210B7FC9D4B4F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,185 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Lyces eterusialis +Walker + +, +revised status +Figure 321F–J +; plate 30 + + + + + + + + +Lyces eterusialis +Walker, 1864: 178 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Colombia +, ‘‘ +Bogotá +’’. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³, ex Stevens Collection ( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Lyces eterusialis + +is similar in all respects to + +L. flavissima + +, the only difference being that the markings of + +L. eterusialis + +are a dark, rich yellow, whereas those of + +L. flavissima + +are lighter lemon yellow to almost greenish yellow. When genital morphology for the two taxa is compared, they are impossible to separate. It thus appears that + +L. eterusialis + +and + +L. flavissima + +may represent color forms of a single species. I leave resolution of that question for future research. Material identified as + +Lyces eterusialis + +, uncommon in museum collections, is restricted to eastern +Colombia +in the vicinity of +Bogotá +. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Colombia(AMNH, BMNH, MNHN, NMW, OUMNH, USNM, ZMH) +. + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Colombia +, +Bogotá +, leg. +Lindig +, +MNHN +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-503 +) + +; + +³, +Colombia, Susumico, USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1377 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Colombia, Villavicencio +, nr. +Bogotá +, + +Apr 1917 + +, leg. +Apollinaire +, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1378 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFEE9E1ABCF21104FCE74F7D.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFEE9E1ABCF21104FCE74F7D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0bfed6f28c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFEE9E1ABCF21104FCE74F7D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,239 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Lyces ariaca +(Druce) + +, + +new combination + +Figure 320H +, +321A–E +; plate 29 [EX] + + + + + + + + +Ephialtias ariaca +Druce, 1885a: 147 + + +, pl. 13, fig. 27. +TYPE +LOCALITY +: +Mexico +, +Yucatan +, Valladolid. +TYPE +: +Syntype +♀ +, leg. Gaumer (BMNH). + + + + + + +Ephialtias coatepeca +Schaus, 1889: 192 + + +. +New synonymy +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Mexico +, Coatepec, Paso de San Juan. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³/ +♀ +( +USNM +type no. 18706). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Lyces ariaca + +appears to be widely distributed throughout the northern countries of Central America. As occurs in + +L. angulosa + +(fig. 322A) and + +L. constricta + +, the uncus of + +L. ariaca + +bears a dorsal process (fig. 321A), in this species more spatulate than bladelike. Precisely the same spatulate process occurs in + +L. ena + +and + +L. banana + +. The taxon most similar in size and wing pattern to + +ariaca + +is + +L. latistriga +Hering + +(pl. 29), from +Peru +, so far known exclusively from the ZMH +type +. Its relationship to + +L. ariaca + +is unknown. + + +There is no question regarding this moth’s identity. +Schaus (1889: 192) +, in his original description of + +Ephialtias coatepeca + +, noted that it is ‘‘Closely allied to + +Ephialtias ariaca + +Druce’’. My examination of the + +L. coatepeca + +type +material shows Schaus’ taxon to be a newly recognized synonym of + +L. ariaca + +; no characters distinguish the two. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Mexico +(AMNH, BMNH, FNHM, LACM, MNHN, UCB, USNM, ZMH); +Honduras +(BMNH, USNM); +Belize +(AMNH); +Guatemala +(BMNH, CMNH, USNM). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Mexico +, +Veracruz +, +Atoyac +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-315 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Mexico +, +Veracruz +, +Jalapa +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-316 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFEE9E1ABEC210EFFB064BCD.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFEE9E1ABEC210EFFB064BCD.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6b2e94a9dc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFEE9E1ABEC210EFFB064BCD.xml @@ -0,0 +1,187 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Lyces banana +(Warren) + +, + +new combination + +Plate 29 + + + + + + + + +Josia banana +Warren, 1901: 441 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: [Not known]. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³/ +♀ +( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: Although the +type +of + +L. banana + +bears no locality data, the identity of this species is clear—its wing pattern is distinctive. + +Lyces banana + +, endemic to +Brazil +, is one of the rarest species in the +Josiini +. It is known from only +seven specimens +: four at the BMNH (2 ³³, +2 ♀♀ +), including the +types +; +1 male +at the MCZ; +1 female +at the NMW; and +1 female +at the ZMH. All of this material was collected over 100 years ago. + + +Traditionally ( +Prout, 1918 +; +Hering, 1925 +; +Bryk, 1930 +), + +L. banana + +(pl. 29) was thought to be a close relative of + +L. fluonia + +(pl. 30). That theory was apparently based on a general similarity of the unusual, obtuse FW markings in the two species. However, the male genitalia of + +L. banana + +exhibit a dorsal crest on the uncus, identical to the one found in + +L. ena + +and + +L. ariaca + +(fig. 321A). In fact, the male genitalia of these species are similar in every way. The implied relationship between + +L. banana + +and + +L. ariaca + +, a species with FW cross-bands typical of those found throughout + +Lyces + +, is fascinating. Wing-pattern similarities shared by + +L. banana + +and + +L. fluonia + +thus appear to have evolved through convergence. + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Brazil +(BMNH, MCZ, NMW, ZMH). + + +DISSECTED +: ³, ‘‘Ex. Musaeo Ach. Guénée’’, BMNH (genitalia slide no. JSM-324). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFEF9E1ABCDB141FFED64E45.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFEF9E1ABCDB141FFED64E45.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..37622eb384c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFEF9E1ABCDB141FFED64E45.xml @@ -0,0 +1,412 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Lyces angulosa +Walker + +, +revised status +Figures 320A, 320I +, +322 +; plate 29 [EX] + + + + + + + + +Lyces angulosa +Walker, 1854: 367 + + +. +TYPE +LOCALITY +: ‘‘Brazil’’. +TYPE +: +Syntype +♀ +, ex Stevens Collection + + +(BMNH). + + + + +Ephialtias morena + +Warren, 1906: 411 + + + +. + +New +synonymy + +. +TYPE +LOCALITY +: +Brazil +, +Rio Grande do Sul +. +TYPE +: +Holotype +³ (USNM type no. 9166). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: Because + +angulosa + +is the +type +species of + +Lyces + +, a genus reinstated in the current work, considerable effort was spent attempting to resolve its identity. There appears to be a significant amount of intraspecific variation in the width and shape of the yellow-orange transverse FW band, and in the shape and size of the yellow-orange HW area, all of which contributed to making this a particularly difficult identification problem. + + + + + +Lyces angulosa + +can be characterized by its relatively large size (FW length +5 +16.5– 21.5 mm), by having a slightly curved, light yellow to lemon-yellow transverse band in the FW, and by having a mostly rounded central area of the +HW +(pl. 29). The majority of material in museum collections from Pelotas, +Brazil +, identified by C. Biezanko as ‘‘ + +L. vittula + +’’, a species now in the new genus + +Proutiella + +, is instead + +L. angulosa + +. A female from Teresopolis, +Brazil +, somewhat further north than the majority of material examined, matches the +type +precisely. Its genitalia ( +JSM- +1492) are indistinguishable from more southerly females. + +Lyces angulosa + +occurs exclusively in the Atlantic forests of central and southeastern +Brazil +. + + +Dissection of the +USNM +type +of + +Ephialtias morena +Warren + +( +JSM- +1379), from +Rio Grande do Sul +, previously regarded as a distinct species ( +Bryk, 1930 +), shows that its male genitalia are identical with those of + +L. angulosa + +. Its wing pattern is also the same. For these reasons I propose + +morena + +as a new synonym of + +L. angulosa + +. + + +The following is an undescribed + +Lyces +species + +, perhaps related to + +L. angulosa + +: ³, +Brazil +, +Rio de Janeiro +, +7 Aug 1932 +, leg. P. Gagarin, +MPM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-556 +); +♀ +, +Brazil +, +Rio de Janeiro +, +MPM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM- +557). + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Brazil +(AMNH, BMNH, FML, MCZ, MNHN, MPM, NMW, OUMNH, PMNH, USNM, VOB, ZMH). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Brazil +, +Pelotas +, +Rio Grande do Sul +, + +27 Jan 1952 + +, leg. +C. Biezanko +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-426 +) + +; + +³, +Brazil +, +Pelotas +, +Rio Grande do Sul +, + +12 Jan 1957 + +, leg. +C. Biezanko +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1503 +) + +; + +³ type +of + +morena +Warren, USNM + +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1379 +) + +; + +³, [no data], +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-713 +) + +; + +³, [no data], H.G. +Dyar +collection, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-719 +) + +; + +³, +Brazil +, +Pelotas +, +Rio Grande do Sul +, + +12 Dec 1954 + +, leg. +C. Biezanko +, +AMNH +(wing slide no. +JSM-1665 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Brazil +, +Rio de Janeiro +, +Teresopolis +, + +22 +° +27 +9 +S + +, + +42 +° +59 +9 +W + +, + +1000 m + +, + +29 Sept 1994 + +, leg. +A. Caldas +, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1492 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Brazil +, +Pelotas +, +Rio Grande do Sul +, + +16 Jan 1955 + +, leg. +C. Biezanko +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-427 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Brazil +, H.G. +Dyar +collection, +USNM +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-720 +) + +; + +♀ +, [no data], ex +Colln. Brooklyn Museum +, +AMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-1485 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFFC9E0BBE8B1385FD144DF9.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFFC9E0BBE8B1385FD144DF9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1a34a9c68a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFFC9E0BBE8B1385FD144DF9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Ephialtias consueta +(Walker) Plate + +29 + + + + + + + + +Josia consueta +Walker, 1854: 304 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Brazil +, Pará. + + + + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +♀ +( +BMNH +). + + + + +Josia lugens + + +C. and +R +. +Felder, 1874 +: pl. 105, fig. 22. + +TYPE + +LOCALITY +: [Not known]. + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +♀ +, ‘‘Bates’’, ex Felder + + + +Collection ( +BMNH +). + + + + +DISCUSSION +: + +Ephialtias consueta + +is known exclusively from +two females +—Walker’s +holotype +(pl. 29) and the Felder +holotype +of + +lugens + +—both at the BMNH. Careful examintion reveals the presence in + +E. consueta + +of faint white spots along the abdominal dorsum, an important characteristic of + +Ephialtias + +. Furthermore, I dissected the female type of + +lugens + +C. and R. Felder. There is no locality data on that specimen, but a handwritten label gives Bates as the collector. It was therefore, in all probability, collected on the Amazon. The Felder type of + +lugens + +matches the type of + +consueta + +with precision; the two are undoubtedly synonyms, as +Prout (1918) +had proposed. My dissection (JSM-1545) confirms membership of + +consueta + +, formerly in + +Josia + +( +Prout, 1918 +; +Hering, 1925 +; +Bryk, 1930 +), in + +Ephialtias + +, where +Kirby (1892) +had placed it long ago. + + + +Ephialtias consueta + +is the only member of the genus in which the HW dorsal surface is completely dark, but the ventral surface shows a diffuse white region along the anal margin. +Prout (1918) +originally described + +cassa + +as a subspecies of + +consueta + +. It does not show this white ventral HW spot. I have instead moved + +cassa + +to its new position as a synonym of + +Ephialtias pseudena + +(appendix 2). + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Brazil +(BMNH). + + +DISSECTED +: +♀ +holotype +of + +lugens +, BMNH + +(genitalia slide no. JSM-1545). + + + + + +Ephialtias dorsispilota +Warren + +, +revised status + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFFE9E0ABCDC11CEFD4D48F6.xml b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFFE9E0ABCDC11CEFD4D48F6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b2608827605 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FF/87/03FF87E0FFFE9E0ABCDC11CEFD4D48F6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,362 @@ + + + +Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini + + + +Author + +Miller, James S + +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History + + +2009 + +2009-06-30 + + +2009 + + +321 + + +675 +1022 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/321.1-1 + +journal article +10.1206/321.1-1 +0003-0090 + + + + + + +Ephialtias pseudena +(Boisduval) + +Figures 311E +, +318A–E +; plate 28 + + + + + + + + +Retila pseudena +Boisduval, 1870: 94 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: ‘‘ Muzo’’?. + + + +TYPE + +: +Syntype +³ ( +BMNH +). + + + + + + + +Josia cassa +Prout, 1918: 421 + + +. +Revised synonymy +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +LOCALITY +: +Colombia, Muzo +, Río Cantinero, + +400 m +. + + + + + +TYPE + +: +Holotype +³, leg. +A.H. Fassl +( +BMNH +). + + + + + +DISCUSSION +: In his description of + +pseudena +, +Boisduval (1870: 94) + +listed +Honduras +and +Mexico +as localities. Subsequent authors thus mistakenly reported this species from +Mexico +south to +Colombia +(e.g., +Hering, 1925 +). The locality label on Boisduval’s + +pseudena + +type +is extremely difficult to read. After considerable study of the handwriting, I propose ‘‘Muzo’’ as the +type +locality. Support for this hypothesis comes from other museum material. No verified examples of the moth have been collected north of the Canal Zone in +Panama +, whereas many specimens are known from Muzo, near the headwaters of the Río +Magdalena +in central +Colombia +. + + + + + +Ephialtias dorsispilota + +, previously treated as a synonym of + +pseudena +( +Bryk, 1930 +) + +, is here raised to species status following the original author ( +Warren, 1905 +). The two moths are readily separable (pl. 28) because the front and femora, as well as the venter of the abdomen, are white in + +E. pseudena + +, whereas these regions are dark brown to blackish brown in + +E. dorsispilota + +. Of the two species, + +E. pseudena + +is less common in collections. + + +Prout (1918: 421) +described + +cassa + +as a subspecies of + +Josia consueta +Walker + +, differing in having no white dorsal markings on the abdomen, in having the FW cross band straighter and narrower, and in lacking white scaling along the HW anal margin. Subsequent authors have followed this treatment ( +Hering, 1925 +; +Bryk, 1930 +). My study of the relevant +types +suggests that + +cassa + +is instead a junior synonym of + +pseudena + +. Prout stated that + +cassa + +is known from +Panama +and from +Bogotá +, +Colombia +. This matches the known distribution of + +E. pseudena + +, but not that of + +E. consueta + +(Pará, +Brazil +). + + + + +Based on genital similarities, + +E. pseudena + +is an extremely close relative of + +E. abrupta + +from the Amazon Basin. Synapomorphies are noted in the discussion of the latter (above). + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +: +Colombia(AMNH,BMNH, MNHN) +; +Panama +(AMNH, BMNH, NMW). + + + +DISSECTED +: ³, +Colombia, Muzo +, + +400– 800 m + +, leg. +Fassl +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-301 +) + +; + +³, +Colombia +, +Cundinamarca, Nouvelle +Grenade, +Cananche +, + +1 Sept 1900 + +, leg. +M. de Mathan +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-294 +) + +; + +³, +Colombia +, +Cundinamarca, Cananche +, + +1 Sep 1900 + +, leg. +M. de Mathan +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-859 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Colombia, Muzo +, + +400–800 m + +, leg. +Fassl +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-302 +) + +; + +♀ +, +Colombia, Muzo, R. Cantinero +, + +400 m + +, leg. +A.H. Fassl +, +BMNH +(genitalia slide no. +JSM-860 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/34/7A/87/347A87A9F7668843FC99FD62FB29BB37.xml b/data/34/7A/87/347A87A9F7668843FC99FD62FB29BB37.xml index ea75c52fc43..a6206c80484 100644 --- a/data/34/7A/87/347A87A9F7668843FC99FD62FB29BB37.xml +++ b/data/34/7A/87/347A87A9F7668843FC99FD62FB29BB37.xml @@ -1,90 +1,99 @@ - - - -Systematic Reviews Of New Guinea Coccymys And ‘‘ Melomys’ ’ Albidens (Muridae, Murinae) With Descriptions Of New Taxa + + + +Systematic Reviews Of New Guinea Coccymys And ‘‘ Melomys’ ’ Albidens (Muridae, Murinae) With Descriptions Of New Taxa - - -Author + + +Author -Voss, Musser Scientific Publications Of The American Museum Of Natural History American Museum Novitates Bulletin Of The American Museum Of Natural History Anthropological Papers Of The American Museum Of Natural History Publications Committee Robert S. +Voss, Musser Scientific Publications Of The American Museum Of Natural History American Museum Novitates Bulletin Of The American Museum Of Natural History Anthropological Papers Of The American Museum Of Natural History Publications Committee Robert S. - - -Author + + +Author -Meng, Chair Board Of Editors Jin +Meng, Chair Board Of Editors Jin - - -Author + + +Author -Prendini, Paleontology Lorenzo +Prendini, Paleontology Lorenzo - - -Author + + +Author -Voss, Invertebrate Zoology Robert S. +Voss, Invertebrate Zoology Robert S. - - -Author + + +Author -Whiteley, Vertebrate Zoology Peter M. -MANAGING EDITOR MARY KNIGHT Submission procedures can be found at http: // research. amnh. org / +Whiteley, Vertebrate Zoology Peter M. +MANAGING EDITOR MARY KNIGHT Submission procedures can be found at http: // research. amnh. org / - - -Author + + +Author -Knight, Anthropology Managing Editor Mary -Submission procedures can be found at http: // research. amnh. org / +Knight, Anthropology Managing Editor Mary +Submission procedures can be found at http: // research. amnh. org / - - -Author + + +Author -Lunde +Lunde - - -Author + + +Author -And, New Guinea Coccymys +And, New Guinea Coccymys - - -Author + + +Author -Melomys +Melomys +Ventr Al Views Of The Mnh 15 082 1). - - -Author + + +Author -Bulletin, Albidens Amnh +Bulletin, Albidens Amnh -text - - -Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History +text + + +Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History - -2009 - -2009-12-09 + +2009 + +2009-12-09 - -2009 + +2009 - -329 + +329 + +1 +139 + -journal volume -0003-0090 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/635.1 + +journal article +10.1206/635.1 +0003-0090