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<mods:title id="826A766A3E48159682F8B5E3D922ACA1">West Palaearctic species of Euura Newman, 1837 (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1DD042CDCCFEAE49C9F79262F4B20288">Liston, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4A84BA8A15B211248A98FA1C19163ED2">Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Strasse 90, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EE342EB84FE366030F9550489AD6354D" type="email">andrew.liston@senckenberg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B2E9D214E6A189B1F3A91D99DB844148">Monckton, Spencer K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2A01B9B29255C0F63DFB825FE619BEFA" type="email">katja.kramp@zalf.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="48E2995DC4F4E820D178476BB71B7482">Vårdal, Hege</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ED98DCB960C3CC52814C6CF704154084">Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE- 10405 Stockholm, Sweden.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B0F03CABA152E8F379F6F61708FA3E7D">Vikberg, Veli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DA3A2D3762BF3D537A4F69BBBC0E096E">Heibo, Erik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C41AA88DADC57357387E0C905122154B">Mutanen, Marko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D1F7E710F40C41B1489A8B9DEC650C89">Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, PO. Box 3000, FI- 90014 University of Oulu, Finland. & Marko.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="86C567CBAB9D8912CF40118DA1DEC03C" type="email">Marko.Mutanen@oulu.fi</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="17DEC05B737D786A121263AFBE5C978A">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8D80763141414C016E39E20A422C51B4">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4E7B221CB90053D69288B10707D94436">2025-02-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2CC16CF97C7FB36D6948D24253EB1072">977</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="DFAB26CF27BA84DE78882FA388E6D203">https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2799/12795</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="3FBC9A7524AD4168D6FB9B719012455D" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2025.977.2799</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C30F4484FFC9D80395ACFA3DFCCBFA7D" box="[189,834,1498,1525]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D80395ACFA3DFCCBFA7D" bold="true" box="[189,834,1498,1525]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Possible diploid males and tri- or tetraploid females</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C30F4484FFC9D80395ACF9EEFBA3F97F" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFC9D80395ACF9EEFBA3F97F" blockId="17.[189,1399,1545,1783]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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In a few instances, sequencing of multiple nuclear genes consistently indicated two haplotypes for males and three or even four haplotypes in
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC9D80397DFF9CAFCD3F9CF" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[718,858,1581,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">
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<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D80397DFF9CAFCD3F9CF" box="[718,858,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Euura vaga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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females. Diploid males are known (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFC9D8039003F9CBFED1F9E0" author="Naito T. & Suzuki H." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="101 - 104" refId="ref132959" refString="Naito T. & Suzuki H. 1991. Sex determination in the sawfly, Athalia rosae ruficornis (Hymenoptera): Occurrence of triploid males. Journal of Heredity 82 (2): 101-104. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111042" type="journal article" year="1991">Naito & Suzuki 1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFC9D8039479F9B7FDC2F9E0" author="Harper K. E. & Bagley R. K. & Thompson K. L. & Linnen C. R." box="[360,587,1615,1642]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="326 - 335" refId="ref125727" refString="Harper K. E., Bagley R. K., Thompson K. L. & Linnen C. R. 2016. Complementary sex determination, inbreeding depression and inbreeding avoidance in a gregarious sawfly. Heredity 117 (5): 326-335. https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2016.46" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Harper
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D80394D4F9B7FD8AF9E0" box="[453,515,1615,1641]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
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2016
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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) and can be found in nature (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFC9D80396AFF9A8FB19F9E0" author="Cook N. & Hubbard S. F. & Karley A. J. & Russell J. R." box="[958,1168,1615,1641]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1125 - 1133" refId="ref123314" refString="Cook N., Hubbard S. F., Karley A. J. & Russell J. R. 2013. Genetic diversity and complementary sex determination (CSD) in Dolerus aeneus (Hymenoptera, Symphyta): Implications for the conservation of an ecologically-important sawfly. Conservation Genetics 14 (6): 1125-1133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-013-0500-0" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
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Cook
|
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<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D803911BF9B7FBC0F9E0" box="[1034,1097,1615,1641]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
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2013
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). They are usually sterile, less viable, or both, and are produced (instead of females) when there is no heterozygosity at the complementary sex determination (CSD) locus (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFC9D8039610F971FB8CF939" author="Naito T. & Suzuki H." box="[769,1029,1686,1712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="101 - 104" refId="ref132959" refString="Naito T. & Suzuki H. 1991. Sex determination in the sawfly, Athalia rosae ruficornis (Hymenoptera): Occurrence of triploid males. Journal of Heredity 82 (2): 101-104. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111042" type="journal article" year="1991">Naito & Suzuki 1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFC9D8039102F971FB79F939" author="Harper K. E. & Bagley R. K. & Thompson K. L. & Linnen C. R." box="[1043,1264,1686,1712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="326 - 335" refId="ref125727" refString="Harper K. E., Bagley R. K., Thompson K. L. & Linnen C. R. 2016. Complementary sex determination, inbreeding depression and inbreeding avoidance in a gregarious sawfly. Heredity 117 (5): 326-335. https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2016.46" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||||
Harper
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D8039161F970FB22F939" box="[1136,1195,1686,1712]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2016
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Although polyploidy is apparently rare among parthenogenetic haplodiploids (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFC9D8039111F95EFABEF95A" author="van der Kooi C. J. & Matthey-Doret C. & Schwander T." box="[1024,1335,1721,1747]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="304 - 316" refId="ref128497" refString="van der Kooi C. J., Matthey-Doret C. & Schwander T. 2017. Evolution and comparative ecology of parthenogenesis in haplodiploid arthropods. Evolution Letters 1 (6): 304-316. https://doi.org/10.1002/evl3.30" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||||
van der Kooi
|
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<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D80391A1F95DFB66F95A" box="[1200,1263,1721,1747]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
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2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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), the largely parthenogenetic European
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC9D8039741F93AFD20F97F" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[592,681,1757,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">
|
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<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D8039741F93AFD20F97F" box="[592,681,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. vaga</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
might be an additional example.
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</paragraph>
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|
||||
<heading id="D0E2A063FFC9D80395ACF8F9FEC4F8B1" bold="true" box="[189,333,1822,1848]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D80395ACF8F9FEC4F8B1" bold="true" box="[189,333,1822,1848]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Host plants</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFC9D80095ACF8AAFAD1FECF" blockId="17.[188,1400,1868,1965]" lastBlockId="18.[189,1398,265,327]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
Host plants are known for 88% of the West Palaearctic species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC9D80396A8F8AAFB8BF8EF" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[953,1026,1869,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D80396A8F8AAFB8BF8EF" box="[953,1026,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, most of which feed on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC9D803900AF8ABFADFF8EF" box="[1307,1366,1868,1894]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D803900AF8ABFADFF8EF" box="[1307,1366,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Salix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (73%). Other utilized hosts are
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC9D803972FF888FD02F800" baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[574,651,1903,1929]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D803972FF888FD02F800" box="[574,651,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Betula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (7% of the species),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC9D80396A9F888FB3CF803" authority="Eaton" authorityName="Eaton" box="[952,1205,1903,1930]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Polygonoideae">Polygonoideae Eaton</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC9D80391D9F888FAE6F800" box="[1224,1391,1903,1929]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) (3%),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC9D8039416F875FE33F825" authority="E. Small" authorityName="E. Small" box="[263,442,1938,1964]" class="Liliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Poales E.Small</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(3%),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC9D803971FF875FDC6F825" box="[526,591,1938,1964]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Grossulariaceae" genus="Ribes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D803971FF875FDC6F825" box="[526,591,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ribes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (3%), Faboideae Rudd (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC9D8039682F875FB8DF825" box="[915,1028,1938,1964]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) (2%),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC9D8039171F875FB49F825" baseAuthorityName="Calmasur & Ozbek" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1120,1216,1938,1964]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D8039171F875FB49F825" box="[1120,1216,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Populus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (2%),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC9D8039024F874FAF1F825" baseAuthorityName="Enston & Williams" baseAuthorityYear="2024" box="[1333,1400,1939,1964]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D8039024F874FAF1F825" box="[1333,1400,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Picea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
A.Dietr. (2%),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009476FEEDFE61FEAA" authority="Mill." authorityName="Mill." box="[359,488,265,291]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009476FEEDFE2EFEAA" box="[359,423,266,291]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Larix</emphasis>
|
||||
Mill.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(1%), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009773FEEDFD55FEAA" box="[610,732,266,291]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Vaccinium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009773FEEDFD55FEAA" box="[610,732,266,291]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Vaccinium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (1%).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009659FEEEFC46FEAA" authority="Mill." authorityName="Mill." box="[840,975,265,291]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009659FEEEFC02FEAA" box="[840,907,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Alnus</emphasis>
|
||||
Mill.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD80096C8FEEEFBB2FEAA" box="[985,1083,265,291]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Aruncus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD80096C8FEEEFBB2FEAA" box="[985,1083,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Aruncus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009177FEEEFB52FEAA" box="[1126,1243,265,291]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Comarum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009177FEEEFB52FEAA" box="[1126,1243,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Comarum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009016FEEDFAD9FEAA" box="[1287,1360,266,291]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009016FEEDFAD9FEAA" box="[1287,1360,266,291]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD80095ACFECBFEE3FECF" box="[189,362,300,326]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD80095ACFECBFEE3FECF" box="[189,362,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rhododendron</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L., and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD80094DAFECAFDAFFECE" box="[459,550,301,327]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Spiraea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD80094DAFECAFDAFFECE" box="[459,550,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Spiraea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. are hosts for only one (0.4%) species each in the West Palaearctic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFCAD80095ACFE89FB01FE47" blockId="18.[189,1398,365,463]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
To identify host plants of swept larvae, we amplified the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region with plant-specific primers. Two Nanopore runs of
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D13DC86FFCAD8009728FE76FD50FE22" box="[569,729,401,427]" count="96" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">96 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
containing mostly larvae (half of thorax cut from left or right side) and one run of
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D13DC86FFCAD80094FEFE53FD04FE47" box="[495,653,436,462]" count="96" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">96 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
containing mostly adults (legs) were done.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFCAD80095ACFE12FEFCFC1A" blockId="18.[189,1400,501,915]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
The larval dataset contained about 49 000 demultiplexed and quality-filtered plant ITS reads per Gb of data (56 000 reads out of 1.8 Gb and 165 000 out of 2.7 Gb for each of the two nanopore runs). The adult dataset contained about 17 000 ITS reads out of 0.8 Gb, which would be about 21 000 reads per Gb. If only specimens with at least 100 plant ITS reads are considered,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D13DC86FFCAD8009118FDB8FB3FFDF0" box="[1033,1206,607,633]" count="120" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">120 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
out of 192 were successfully sequenced in the two runs comprising mainly larvae. Three cases in the larval dataset were clear contaminations (e.g., a mixture of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009780FD41FD57FD36" box="[657,734,678,703]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urtica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009780FD41FD57FD36" box="[657,734,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Urtica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009626FD41FC17FD49" box="[823,926,678,704]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009626FD41FC17FD49" box="[823,926,678,704]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cucumis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. for an
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009100FD41FB24FD36" baseAuthorityName="Serville" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[1041,1197,678,703]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009100FD41FB24FD36" box="[1041,1197,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Euura vittata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larva) or a likely contamination (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009466FD2EFDC6FD6A" baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[375,591,713,739]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phylicifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009466FD2EFDC6FD6A" box="[375,591,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Salix?phylicifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. for an adult
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD800961FFD2EFC27FD6A" baseAuthorityName="Saarinen" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[782,942,713,739]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hartigi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD800961FFD2EFC27FD6A" box="[782,942,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Euura hartigi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, although this host is possible). In the mostly adult dataset,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D13DC86FFCAD80094ABFD0BFDD3FC8F" box="[442,602,748,774]" count="32" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">32 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
could be considered successfully sequenced (at least 100 plant ITS reads), but most of these (30) can be considered contaminations (mostly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009105FCE8FBC6FCA0" box="[1044,1103,783,809]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009105FCE8FBC6FCA0" box="[1044,1103,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Salix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009199FCE8FB5DFCA0" baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[1160,1236,783,809]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009199FCE8FB5DFCA0" box="[1160,1236,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Betula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but only one third of these matched the expected larval host genus of the species).
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D13DC86FFCAD80096F9FCD4FBE2FCC5" box="[1000,1131,818,845]" count="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="larva">Two larvae</specimenCount>
|
||||
included in the mostly adult dataset yielded sequences of the expected host (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009659FCB2FC1CFCE6" baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[840,917,853,879]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009659FCB2FC1CFCE6" box="[840,917,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Betula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD80096DAFCB1FB23FCE6" authorityName="ZMUO." baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[971,1194,853,879]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cadderensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD80096DAFCB1FB23FCE6" box="[971,1194,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Euura cadderensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD80091F8FCB2FE9CFC1A" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Scolioneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betuleti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD80091F8FCB2FE9CFC1A" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Scolioneura betuleti</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larvae).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFCAD80095ACFC5DFB70FA98" blockId="18.[186,1400,954,1297]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Although contaminations in the lab or field (e.g., pollen) are clearly likely, we consider the first host plant evidence for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD80094B0FC39FDF7FC7E" authorityName="ZMUO." baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[417,638,989,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptostigma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD80094B0FC39FDF7FC7E" box="[417,638,989,1015]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Euura leptostigma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD80097ACFC39FCE3FC7E" baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[701,874,989,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordidiapex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD80097ACFC39FCE3FC7E" box="[701,874,989,1015]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E. sordidiapex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on these results to be sufficient. For three
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009412FBE6FE38FB93" authorityName="ZMUO." baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[259,433,1024,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptostigma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009412FBE6FE38FB93" box="[259,433,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E. leptostigma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larvae identical
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD800976EFBE7FD33FB93" box="[639,698,1024,1050]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD800976EFBE7FD33FB93" box="[639,698,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Salix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
consensus sequences were recovered with high coverage (about 120, 4500 and 8000×) and without indication of other variants. For two
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009164FBC3FAA9FBB7" baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[1141,1312,1060,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordidiapex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009164FBC3FAA9FBB7" box="[1141,1312,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E. sordidiapex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larvae, three different
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009462FBA0FE49FBE8" baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[371,448,1095,1121]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009462FBA0FE49FBE8" box="[371,448,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Betula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
haplotypes were recovered with high coverage (900 and 1700×) and without indication of other plant species. One of the sequenced
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009656FB8CFC78FB0D" authorityName="ZMUO." baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[839,1009,1130,1156]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptostigma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009656FB8CFC78FB0D" box="[839,1009,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E. leptostigma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larvae was collected from a grey
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD80095ACFB6AFF71FB2E" box="[189,248,1165,1191]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD80095ACFB6AFF71FB2E" box="[189,248,1165,1191]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Salix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009418FB69FEFFFB2E" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1954" box="[265,374,1165,1192]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009418FB69FEFFFB2E" box="[265,374,1165,1192]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. glauca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD80094ACFB69FDD9FB2E" box="[445,592,1165,1192]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD80094ACFB69FDD9FB2E" box="[445,592,1165,1192]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. lapponum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.), although in the rearing lab other species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009194FB6AFB49FB2E" box="[1157,1216,1165,1191]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009194FB6AFB49FB2E" box="[1157,1216,1165,1191]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Salix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may have been offered. The other
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D13DC86FFCAD8009485FB56FDC8FB43" box="[404,577,1200,1227]" count="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009774FB56FC84FB43" authorityName="ZMUO." baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[613,781,1200,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptostigma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009774FB56FC84FB43" box="[613,781,1200,1226]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E. leptostigma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were collected from a mixture of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009184FB57FB59FB43" box="[1173,1232,1200,1226]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009184FB57FB59FB43" box="[1173,1232,1200,1226]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Salix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Additionally,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D13DC86FFCAD80095ABFB33FECAFB67" box="[186,323,1236,1262]" count="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="adult">three adults</specimenCount>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009461FB33FD93FB67" authorityName="ZMUO." baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[368,538,1236,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptostigma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009461FB33FD93FB67" box="[368,538,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E. leptostigma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have been reared from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009625FB33FC74FB67" baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[820,1021,1236,1262]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phylicifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009625FB33FC74FB67" box="[820,1021,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Salix phylicifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and unidentified
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD80091DAFB33FA8FFB67" box="[1227,1286,1236,1262]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD80091DAFB33FA8FFB67" box="[1227,1286,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Salix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The two sequenced
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD800942FFB1FFE61FA98" baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[318,488,1271,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordidiapex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD800942FFB1FFE61FA98" box="[318,488,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E. sordidiapex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larvae were collected from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009620FB10FC49FA98" baseAuthorityName="Hellen" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[817,960,1271,1297]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009620FB10FC49FA98" box="[817,960,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Betula nana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFCAD8009108FB1FFB70FA98" authority="Ehrh." authorityName="Ehrh." box="[1049,1273,1271,1297]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFCAD8009108FB1FFB3BFA98" box="[1049,1202,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
Ehrh.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
2010
data/03/BC/A6/03BCA619FFCAD831977DFADFFAFFFCFB.xml
Normal file
2010
data/03/BC/A6/03BCA619FFCAD831977DFADFFAFFFCFB.xml
Normal file
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
579
data/03/BC/A6/03BCA619FFD2D80395ADFB78FEE5FE05.xml
Normal file
579
data/03/BC/A6/03BCA619FFD2D80395ADFB78FEE5FE05.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,579 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="40C09578E4714D2BF9722182A6CA24B8">West Palaearctic species of Euura Newman, 1837 (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2997523AA78299A65223A97CE761BF1B" type="email">mprous@ut.ee</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C926078DA06E33A647AC3C809C7034B5">Liston, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5F84EA32E574AA01312EC5790F6C43C7">Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Strasse 90, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A3D73D4E99D069A81927AB4033E1A0EA" type="email">andrew.liston@senckenberg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="88C74D2E2F747C01C238C201F5DF0B01">Monckton, Spencer K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2894DC2D3E5F30E4E014D7BE3C35D788">Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, N 1 G 2 W 1, Guelph, ON, Canada.</mods:affiliation>
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||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F8E1C8D12AE6E5D60D41CE6B6DEEF275" type="email">s.monckton@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E26E3A2FD3E9EBDDC9B8647A6BE1B88F">Kramp, Katja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7F891533AD0FAF738C6C5B3559898E33" type="LSID">72579D81-D3A8-4803-91AC-4C928C83EBEB</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="C666689B6577A648FA34FA8971247F3F">Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8431A9C9295116265AC9F0843D6B7820" type="email">katja.kramp@zalf.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="8EA55D665AF146C975116B774CF7A7C8">Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE- 10405 Stockholm, Sweden.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="00BB39F1FF5E6A4E3A41779AD20D7399" type="email">hege.vardal@nrm.se</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="AEF00B590776B7F14450585F0F2E3952">Vikberg, Veli</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1A3409316B09B3B9901BA73FF58F3F25" type="LSID">7B5E2CCB-CD39-4744-A695-05EF3076373C</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="03090E41CCF86F450E6C5CB402434F97">Liinalammintie 11 as. 6, FI- 14200 Turenki, Finland.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B6FE8CB05661754CE8288D098269AF61" type="email">veli.vikberg@pp.inet.fi</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
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|
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|
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<mods:namePart id="EA5FFEA62869D657FDEEF64C4F99DC44">Heibo, Erik</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="91E8734F31665C8448F32C907E602352" type="LSID">C1D82863-A4E6-497B-8329-ED326387B80D</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="419C4D1C176DD359899E0E9100310B5A">Rypeveien 34 A, 3420 Lierskogen, Norway.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A69E53E72B0619E644DB0BD3FA1D3913" type="email">eheibo@yahoo.no</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="1DC4569428B6C1B05247E641D80D492D">Mutanen, Marko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8A53923826B23AE301CB4F5863CD3E4B">Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, PO. Box 3000, FI- 90014 University of Oulu, Finland. & Marko.</mods:affiliation>
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||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7888CD2853DFF41E64F2DACB13B309AC" type="email">Marko.Mutanen@oulu.fi</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="9366FFA8DC3DDD395317C2FAD89F428D">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
|
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<mods:part id="FB0DF08FFB3D0954AF034B0DDE6930E6">
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<mods:date id="85BD85D854ED1A5FA40B25941385B593">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8C54E60B43B2325E6E5D1AEFA6630EBA">2025-02-27</mods:number>
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|
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|
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|
||||
<treatment id="03BCA619FFD2D80395ADFB78FEE5FE05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BCA619FFD2D80395ADFB78FEE5FE05" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BCA619FFD2D80395ADFB78FEE5FE05" includeIn="03BCA619FFCAD839977DFADFFCEAFB62" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30F4484FFD2D81895ADFB78FDCEFB30" box="[188,583,1183,1209]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFD2D81895ADFB78FDCEFB30" blockId="10.[188,583,1183,1209]" box="[188,583,1183,1209]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<heading id="D0E2A063FFD2D81895ADFB78FDCEFB30" bold="true" box="[188,583,1183,1209]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81895ADFB78FDCEFB30" bold="true" box="[188,583,1183,1209]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
Phylogeny and groups of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81894E8FB78FDCEFB30" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[505,583,1183,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81894E8FB78FDCEFB30" bold="true" box="[505,583,1183,1209]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30F4484FFD2D80395ADFB2AFEE5FE05" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFD2D81C95ADFB2AFB1AFDB5" blockId="10.[185,1398,1229,1995]" lastBlockId="14.[189,1399,265,573]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
The core of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81894A2FB29FE75FB6E" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[435,508,1230,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81894A2FB29FE75FB6E" box="[435,508,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(i.e., without the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81897D2FB29FCEFFB6E" baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[707,870,1229,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epilosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81897D2FB29FCEFFB6E" box="[707,870,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euura epilosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group) is strongly supported as monophyletic based on phylogenetic analyses of ten genes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132E0B8AFFD2D81897E9FB16FCCFFA82" box="[760,838,1265,1291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[179,222,1681,1709]" captionTargetBox="[251,1909,538,1611]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[203,1909,538,1621]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree of Nematinae Thomson, 1871 based on combined COI and 9 nuclear genes. Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D818968FFB16FBC3FA82" baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[926,1098,1265,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epilosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D818968FFB16FBC3FA82" box="[926,1098,1265,1291]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euura epilosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group (sampled species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81895ADFAF2FEE8FAA7" baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[188,353,1300,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81895ADFAF2FEE8FAA7" box="[188,353,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. brachycera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D8189486FAF2FD82FAA7" baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[407,523,1300,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epilosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D8189486FAF2FD82FAA7" box="[407,523,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. epilosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) is weakly or moderately supported as the sister group of the core of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D818903AFAF2FAFDFAA7" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[1323,1396,1301,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D818903AFAF2FAFDFAA7" box="[1323,1396,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132E0B8AFFD2D81895D4FAD0FE86FAD8" box="[197,271,1335,1361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[179,222,1681,1709]" captionTargetBox="[251,1909,538,1611]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[203,1909,538,1621]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree of Nematinae Thomson, 1871 based on combined COI and 9 nuclear genes. Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D8189471FADFFDCFFAD8" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1871" box="[352,582,1335,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wahlbergi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D8189471FADFFDCFFAD8" box="[352,582,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nematus wahlbergi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group is found as the sister group of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D8189100FADFFBD3FAD8" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[1041,1114,1336,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D8189100FADFFBD3FAD8" box="[1041,1114,1336,1361]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with moderate support, rendering
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D8189422FABCFE13FAFD" authorityName="Panzer" authorityYear="1801" box="[307,410,1371,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D8189422FABCFE13FAFD" box="[307,410,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nematus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
paraphyletic (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132E0B8AFFD2D8189753FABDFD03FAFD" box="[578,650,1370,1396]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[179,222,1681,1709]" captionTargetBox="[251,1909,538,1611]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[203,1909,538,1621]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree of Nematinae Thomson, 1871 based on combined COI and 9 nuclear genes. Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81897B1FABCFC8EFAFD" authorityName="Panzer" authorityYear="1801" box="[672,775,1371,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81897B1FABCFC8EFAFD" box="[672,775,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nematus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
together with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81896A0FABCFBDEFAFD" baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[945,1111,1370,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81896A0FABCFBDEFAFD" box="[945,1111,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. brachycera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(DEI-GISHym86097 as the only representative of the group which was identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D818966DFA99FBAEFA11" box="[892,1063,1406,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D818966DFA99FC6AFA1E" box="[892,995,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nematus</emphasis>
|
||||
spec.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) formed a weakly supported sister clade of core
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81894B4FA46FE67FA33" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[421,494,1441,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81894B4FA46FE67FA33" box="[421,494,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in a previous analysis based on a smaller dataset (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D8189156FA46FA9DFA32" author="Prous M. & Liston A. & Kramp K. & Savina H. & Vardal H. & Taeger A." box="[1095,1300,1441,1467]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="63 - 127" refId="ref134325" refString="Prous M., Liston A., Kramp K., Savina H., Vardal H. & Taeger A. 2019. The West Palaearctic genera of Nematinae (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). ZooKeys 875: 63-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.875.35748" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||||
Prous
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D8189185FA46FB46FA32" box="[1172,1231,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2019
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D818903DFA46FD93FA56" authority="(Lindqvist, 1975)" baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1975" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D818903DFA46FECBFA57" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euura brachycera</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D8189442FA23FD9BFA56" author="Lindqvist E." box="[339,530,1476,1503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="13 - 20" refId="ref130751" refString="Lindqvist E. 1975. Neue Nematinen aus Sibirien (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Notulae Entomologicae 55: 13-20." type="journal article" year="1975">Lindqvist, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D818973CFA22FB8BFA57" authority="Taeger & Blank, 2014" authorityName="Taeger & Blank" authorityYear="2014" box="[557,1026,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D818973CFA22FD66FA57" box="[557,751,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euura brevicera</emphasis>
|
||||
Taeger & Blank, 2014
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is an unnecessary replacement name) was transferred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81894FAFA0FFDBDF988" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[491,564,1512,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81894FAFA0FFDBDF988" box="[491,564,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D8189773FA0FFCB7F988" author="Prous M. & Blank S. M. & Goulet H. & Heibo E. & Liston A. & Malm T. & Nyman T. & Schmidt S. & Smith D. & Vardal H. & Viitasaari M. & Vikberg V. & Taeger A." box="[610,830,1511,1538]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref134188" refString="Prous M., Blank S. M., Goulet H., Heibo E., Liston A., Malm T., Nyman T., Schmidt S., Smith D., Vardal H., Viitasaari M., Vikberg V. & Taeger A. 2014. The genera of Nematinae (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 40: 1-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.40.7442" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||||
Prous
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81897BDFA0FFD69F988" box="[684,736,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. (2014)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, although no genetic data was available for this or other related species at the time. Even though the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D818962FF9ECFC6FF9AD" baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[830,998,1546,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epilosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D818962FF9ECFC6FF9AD" box="[830,998,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euura epilosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group is not genetically strongly supported as a member of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D8189714F9C9FDC7F9CE" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[517,590,1582,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D8189714F9C9FDC7F9CE" box="[517,590,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, we retain it in this genus because of its similar morphology [see under
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D818941AF9B6FD12F9E2" authority="(Lindqvist, 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[267,667,1617,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epilosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D818941AF9B6FE3FF9E2" box="[267,438,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euura epilosa</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D81894DBF9B6FD18F9E2" author="Lindqvist E." box="[458,657,1617,1643]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="97 - 104" refId="ref130564" refString="Lindqvist E. 1970. Neue Nematinen aus dem Pribaikal-Gebiet, Sibirien (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Notulae Entomologicae 50: 97-104." type="journal article" year="1970">Lindqvist, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
]. To reconstruct internal phylogeny of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D818916EF9B6FB41F9E3" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[1151,1224,1617,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D818916EF9B6FB41F9E3" box="[1151,1224,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, we excluded mitochondrial COI, because of strong conflict with nuclear genes: in some cases even above group level (see under Mitonuclear discordance). For most species we included 1–
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D13DC86FFD2D8189149F970FB65F938" box="[1112,1260,1687,1713]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
having the greatest amount of sequence data, but more specimens in some cases because of large genetic variability (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132E0B8AFFD2D81895D5F93AFE80F971" box="[196,265,1757,1784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[242,1339,265,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[240,1346,265,1878]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 3A. Part of maximum likelihood tree of Euura Newman, 1837 based on 9 nuclear genes (Euura punicea group s. lat.). Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). At the base of core
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81894EAF939FDCDF97E" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[507,580,1758,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81894EAF939FDCDF97E" box="[507,580,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(excluding the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81897E6F939FC12F97E" baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[759,923,1757,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epilosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81897E6F939FC12F97E" box="[759,923,1757,1783]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euura epilosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group) 15 clades are well-supported, but relationships among them are poorly resolved (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132E0B8AFFD2D81897C6F8E6FC94F892" box="[727,797,1793,1819]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[242,1339,265,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[240,1346,265,1878]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 3A. Part of maximum likelihood tree of Euura Newman, 1837 based on 9 nuclear genes (Euura punicea group s. lat.). Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In combination with morphology, we have defined 37 species groups, 7 of which are gall-makers (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D81897C8F8C3FC23F8B7" author="Liston A. D. & Heibo E. & Prous M. & Vardal H. & Nyman T. & Vikberg V." box="[729,938,1828,1854]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref131487" refString="Liston A. D., Heibo E., Prous M., Vardal H., Nyman T. & Vikberg V. 2017. North European gall-inducing Euura sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae). Zootaxa 4302 (1): 1-115. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4302.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||||
Liston
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D818963AF8C2FCD7F8B7" box="[811,862,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2017
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and 12 species not assigned to groups. The largest well-supported clade (clade A) includes roughly 30% of species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D8189170F8AFFB23F8E8" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[1121,1194,1864,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D8189170F8AFFB23F8E8" box="[1121,1194,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, containing most of the former “
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D8189469F88CFDBEF80C" authorityName="Konow" authorityYear="1890" box="[376,567,1899,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Amauronematus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D8189469F88CFDBEF80C" box="[376,567,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Amauronematus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
” (including former “
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D818962DF88CFC46F80D" authorityName="Malaise" authorityYear="1921" box="[828,975,1899,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pontopristia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D818962DF88CFC46F80D" box="[828,975,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pontopristia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
”, but excluding “
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81891BDF88DFADEF80D" box="[1196,1367,1898,1924]" pageId="10" pageNumber="261" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Brachycoluma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81891BDF88DFADEF80D" box="[1196,1367,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brachycoluma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
”), i.e., the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D818940CF869FEF3F82E" authorityName="Prep." baseAuthorityName="Christ" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[285,378,1934,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punicea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D818940CF869FEF3F82E" box="[285,378,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">punicea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group sensu lato (s. lat.), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81897F4F86AFCD2F82E" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[741,859,1933,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81897F4F86AFCD2F82E" box="[741,859,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">flavescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D818967BF86AFC55F82E" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[874,988,1933,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D818967BF86AFC55F82E" box="[874,988,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">scutellata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81896FDF86AFBCEF82E" authorityName="PR." baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[1004,1095,1933,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miliaris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81896FDF86AFBCEF82E" box="[1004,1095,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">miliaris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D8189149F86AFA9EF82E" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1112,1303,1933,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D8189149F86AFA9EF82E" box="[1112,1303,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">melanocephalus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D8189037F869FAE7F82E" baseAuthorityName="Serville" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[1318,1390,1934,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D8189037F869FAE7F82E" box="[1318,1390,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">vicina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81895ADF856FEFBF842" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1837" box="[188,370,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeruleocarpus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81895ADF856FEFBF842" box="[188,370,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">caeruleocarpus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
groups, and some species not assigned to groups (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81896F9F856FBECF842" authorityName="ZMUO." baseAuthorityName="Zaddach" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[1000,1125,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperfecta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81896F9F856FBECF842" box="[1000,1125,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">imperfecta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D8189168F856FB4DF842" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1145,1220,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D8189168F856FB4DF842" box="[1145,1220,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">salicis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81891C7F856FAE7F842" authorityName="PR." baseAuthorityName="Enslin" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1238,1390,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81891C7F856FAE7F842" box="[1238,1390,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">distinguenda</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C95ACFEEEFEB7FEAA" authorityName="ZMUO." baseAuthorityName="Lindqvist" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[189,318,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C95ACFEEEFEB7FEAA" box="[189,318,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">anthracina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C9441FEEEFE5FFEAA" authorityName="ZMUO." baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[336,470,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperborea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C9441FEEEFE5FFEAA" box="[336,470,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">hyperborea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132E0B8AFFD6D81C94E5FEEEFDB6FEAA" box="[500,575,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[242,1339,265,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[240,1346,265,1878]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 3A. Part of maximum likelihood tree of Euura Newman, 1837 based on 9 nuclear genes (Euura punicea group s. lat.). Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Within this clade, the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C967AFEEDFC41FEAA" authorityName="Prep." baseAuthorityName="Christ" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[875,968,266,291]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punicea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C967AFEEDFC41FEAA" box="[875,968,266,291]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">punicea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group s. lat. is strongly supported, containing the former “
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C94DFFECAFD04FECE" authorityName="Konow" authorityYear="1890" box="[462,653,301,327]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Amauronematus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C94DFFECAFD04FECE" box="[462,653,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Amauronematus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
” groups:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C9611FECAFCCDFECF" authorityName="ZMUO." baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[768,836,301,326]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aegra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C9611FECAFCCDFECF" box="[768,836,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">aegra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C9642FECAFC50FECF" authorityName="NHRS-HEVA" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[851,985,301,326]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amentorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C9642FECAFC50FECF" box="[851,985,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">amentorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C96F6FECBFBBDFECF" authorityName="ZMUO." baseAuthorityName="Serville" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[999,1076,300,326]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="histrio">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C96F6FECBFBBDFECF" box="[999,1076,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">histrio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C9153FECBFB3EFECF" baseAuthorityName="Serville" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[1090,1207,300,326]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C9153FECBFB3EFECF" box="[1090,1207,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C91D7FECBFAC9FECF" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1222,1344,300,326]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiserra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C91D7FECBFAC9FECF" box="[1222,1344,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">longiserra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(not monophyletic based on nuclear data),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C979DFEA8FC96FEE0" baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[652,799,335,361]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacipleuris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C979DFEA8FC96FEE0" box="[652,799,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">opacipleuris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C9621FEB7FC04FEE0" authorityName="Prep." baseAuthorityName="Christ" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[816,909,336,361]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="punicea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C9621FEB7FC04FEE0" box="[816,909,336,361]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">punicea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2527666FFD6D81C9686FEB7FBA5FEE0" box="[919,1068,335,362]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(s. str.),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C918CFEB7FB74FEE0" authorityName="PR." baseAuthorityName="Serville" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[1181,1277,336,361]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toeniata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C918CFEB7FB74FEE0" box="[1181,1277,336,361]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">toeniata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C901EFEB7FAE6FEE0" baseAuthorityName="Zaddach" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1295,1391,336,361]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tunicata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C901EFEB7FAE6FEE0" box="[1295,1391,336,361]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">tunicata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C95ACFE94FE94FE05" baseAuthorityName="Ruthe" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[189,285,371,396]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variator">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C95ACFE94FE94FE05" box="[189,285,371,396]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">variator</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C9420FE94FEF5FE05" baseAuthorityName="Serville" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[305,380,371,396]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C9420FE94FEF5FE05" box="[305,380,371,396]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">vittata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C94D6FE94FDC7FE05" authorityName="ZMUO." baseAuthorityName="Norton" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[455,590,370,396]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C94D6FE94FDC7FE05" box="[455,590,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E. brunnea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
not assigned to a group. Clade A also includes a well-supported clade comprising the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C94D4FE71FDA9FE39" authorityName="PR." baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[453,544,406,432]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miliaris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C94D4FE71FDA9FE39" box="[453,544,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">miliaris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C9722FE71FD2CFE39" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[563,677,406,432]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C9722FE71FD2CFE39" box="[563,677,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">scutellata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C97FFFE71FCECFE39" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[750,869,406,432]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C97FFFE71FCECFE39" box="[750,869,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">flavescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
groups, where the last two may be sisters. The second largest well-supported clade comprises the gallmakers, followed by three other well or moderately supported clades containing two groups each:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C966DFE3BFC65FE7F" baseAuthorityName="Zaddach" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[892,1004,476,502]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miltonota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C966DFE3BFC65FE7F" box="[892,1004,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">miltonota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C96E0FE3AFBD5FE7F" authorityName="PR." baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1009,1116,476,503]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viduata">
|
||||
+
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C9115FE3BFBD5FE7F" box="[1028,1116,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">viduata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C9160FE3BFB67FE7F" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1137,1262,476,502]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myosotidis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C9160FE3BFB67FE7F" box="[1137,1262,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">myosotidis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C91E2FE3AFAE4FE7F" baseAuthorityName="Serville" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[1267,1389,476,503]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipartita">
|
||||
+
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C9017FE3BFAE4FE7F" box="[1286,1389,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">bipartita</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C95FEFE18FEE0FD90" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[239,361,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C95FEFE18FEE0FD90" box="[239,361,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">pallescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C947FFDE7FE45FD90" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[366,460,511,538]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ribesii">
|
||||
+
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C9490FE18FE45FD90" box="[385,460,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ribesii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132E0B8AFFD6D81C94CEFE18FDAEFD93" box="[479,551,511,538]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[242,1339,265,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[240,1346,265,1878]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 3A. Part of maximum likelihood tree of Euura Newman, 1837 based on 9 nuclear genes (Euura punicea group s. lat.). Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). A neighbour-joining distance tree including specimens with minimum of 1529 bp of nuclear data (1381 specimens) is included as supplementary material.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF6A4787FFD3D81995A2F971FC3AF95C" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[179,222,1686,1714]" targetBox="[227,1911,539,1634]" targetPageId="11">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFD3D81995A2F971FC3AF95C" blockId="11.[179,1934,1686,1749]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD3D81995A2F971FE8AF93B" bold="true" box="[179,259,1686,1714]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Maximum likelihood tree of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD3D8199770F971FC41F93B" authority="Latreille, 1803" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1803" box="[609,968,1686,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tenthredinidae Latreille, 1803</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on combined COI and 9 nuclear genes. Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF6A4787FFD4D81E95A2F976FCFCF959" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[179,222,1681,1709]" targetBox="[251,1909,538,1611]" targetPageId="12">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFD4D81E95A2F976FCFCF959" blockId="12.[179,1933,1681,1744]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD4D81E95A2F976FE8BF924" bold="true" box="[179,258,1681,1709]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Maximum likelihood tree of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD4D81E974DF975FC13F939" authority="Thomson, 1871" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1871" box="[604,922,1682,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nematinae">
|
||||
Nematinae
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD4D81E97F0F973FC13F939" author="Thomson C. G." box="[737,922,1684,1712]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref137438" refString="Thomson C. G. 1871. Hymenoptera Scandinaviae - Tenthredo et Sirex Lin. H. Olsson, Lundae." type="book" year="1871">Thomson, 1871</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on combined COI and 9 nuclear genes. Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF6A4787FFD5D81F95ACF86FFE30F861" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[242,1339,265,1875]" targetPageId="13">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFD5D81F95ACF86FFE30F861" blockId="13.[189,1398,1928,2024]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD5D81F95ACF86FFEAAF82B" bold="true" box="[189,291,1928,1954]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132E0B8AFFD5D81F95ACF86FFE94F82B" box="[189,285,1928,1954]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[188,231,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,886,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-238@14.[189,1398,886,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 3B. Part of maximum likelihood tree of Euura Newman, 1837 based on 9 nuclear genes. Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Part of maximum likelihood tree of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD5D81F97CEF86EFC6CF82B" authority="Newman, 1837" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[735,997,1928,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD5D81F97CEF86EFCA1F82B" box="[735,808,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD5D81F963EF86FFC6CF82B" author="Newman E." box="[815,997,1928,1954]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="258 - 263" refId="ref133013" refString="Newman E. 1837. Notes on Tenthredinina. The Entomological Magazine 4 (3): 258-263. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8981534 [accessed 20 Nov. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1837">Newman, 1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on 9 nuclear genes (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD5D81F903CF86EFE93F84C" authorityName="Prep." baseAuthorityName="Christ" baseAuthorityYear="1791" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punicea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD5D81F903CF86EFE93F84C" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Euura punicea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group s. lat.). Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFD6D81C95ACFD83FD37FDF7" blockId="14.[189,702,612,638]" box="[189,702,612,638]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<heading id="D0E2A063FFD6D81C95ACFD83FD37FDF7" bold="true" box="[189,702,612,638]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C95ACFD83FD37FDF7" bold="true" box="[189,702,612,638]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
Within-species genetic diversity in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C9761FD83FD37FDF7" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[624,702,612,638]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C9761FD83FD37FDF7" bold="true" box="[624,702,612,638]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFD6D81D95ACFD75FD13FDB4" blockId="14.[188,1399,658,826]" lastBlockId="15.[186,1399,265,573]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
Without any knowledge of species boundaries, it is possible to get information about within-species genetic diversity based on haplotype divergence of nuclear genes of single individuals. As
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C91C6FD51FAFEFD59" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1239,1399,694,720]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are haplodiploid (males are haploid, females diploid), this assessment is normally only possible for female individuals (although rare diploid males exist). Averaging across individual females with at least 1529 bp of nuclear data, the average divergence between the haplotypes in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C910DFCC7FBECFCB0" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[1052,1125,800,825]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C910DFCC7FBECFCB0" box="[1052,1125,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is 0.32% (max 1.41%). When considering all individuals of each species as delimited here, the average within-species divergence is 0.23%. This is counter-intuitive, as within-individual haplotype divergence should underestimate within-species divergence; however, this result is because we coded heterozygous positions using IUPAC ambiguity symbols, which are treated as missing data in the calculations. When only males are considered (i.e., hemizygous, therefore no ambiguous positions), average within-species divergence is 0.42%, which is larger than estimated from within-individual female haplotypes. Consistent with morphological observations, the between-species genetic divergence within species groups is often only slightly larger (on average varies between 0.5–2.1%) than within-species divergence, highlighting the difficulty of delimiting species in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD7D81D975BFDC4FD1AFDB5" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[586,659,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD7D81D975BFDC4FD1AFDB5" box="[586,659,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF6A4787FFD6D81C95ADF84DFB7AF86E" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[188,231,1962,1988]" targetBox="[189,1398,886,1916]" targetPageId="14">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFD6D81C95ADF84DFB7AF86E" blockId="14.[188,1399,1962,2024]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C95ADF84DFEA9F84D" bold="true" box="[188,288,1962,1988]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132E0B8AFFD6D81C95ADF84DFE93F84D" box="[188,282,1962,1988]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,915,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-220@15.[189,1398,915,1922]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 3C. Part of maximum likelihood tree of Euura Newman, 1837 based on 9 nuclear genes. Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Part of maximum likelihood tree of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD6D81C97C3F84CFC5EF84D" authority="Newman, 1837" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[722,983,1962,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD6D81C97C3F84CFC92F84D" box="[722,795,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD6D81C9632F84CFC5EF84D" author="Newman E." box="[803,983,1962,1989]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="258 - 263" refId="ref133013" refString="Newman E. 1837. Notes on Tenthredinina. The Entomological Magazine 4 (3): 258-263. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8981534 [accessed 20 Nov. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1837">Newman, 1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on 9 nuclear genes. Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFD7D81D95ACFD83FE7CFDF7" blockId="15.[189,501,612,638]" box="[189,501,612,638]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<heading id="D0E2A063FFD7D81D95ACFD83FE7CFDF7" bold="true" box="[189,501,612,638]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="3">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD7D81D95ACFD83FE7CFDF7" bold="true" box="[189,501,612,638]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mitonuclear discordance</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFD7D80295ACFD74FC93FD90" blockId="15.[187,1399,658,861]" lastBlockId="16.[187,1399,265,537]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
As in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD7D81D9412FD75FDE7FD24" authority="(Prous et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Prous" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[259,622,658,685]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pristiphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD7D81D9412FD75FE03FD25" box="[259,394,658,684]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pristiphora</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD7D81D948BFD74FDEFFD24" author="Prous M. & Kramp K. & Vikberg V. & Liston A." box="[410,614,658,685]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 190" refId="ref134275" refString="Prous M., Kramp K., Vikberg V. & Liston A. 2017. North-Western Palaearctic species of Pristiphora (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 59: 1-190. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.59.12656" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||||
Prous
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD7D81D94F4FD74FD90FD25" box="[485,537,658,684]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2017
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD7D81D9788FD74FD6BFD25" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[665,738,659,684]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD7D81D9788FD74FD6BFD25" box="[665,738,659,684]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
there is a strong conflict between mitochondrial COI on one hand, and nuclear and morphological data on the other hand when delimiting species – or even groups above species level in some cases (see supplementary distance COI and nuclear trees). Currently, over 50% of the species in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD7D81D94D1FD1AFD80FC9F" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[448,521,765,790]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD7D81D94D1FD1AFD80FC9F" box="[448,521,765,790]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
cannot be reliably identified using COI sequences. However, the precision of identification could probably be increased by comparing exact COI variants (i.e., differing by at least one nucleotide), which often correlate with species boundaries. At present, due to the large diversity of COI variants, the correspondence between exact variants and species has not yet been established in most cases. Many additional COI variants (hundreds, if not thousands) can be expected in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F302579FFFC8D80291C1FECBFAA3FECF" box="[1232,1322,300,326]" name="Finland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||||
alone, where more than 4500
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC8D80294C6FEB7FDA9FEE0" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[471,544,336,361]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC8D80294C6FEB7FDA9FEE0" box="[471,544,336,361]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens have been barcoded. Even ignoring this challenge, different species frequently have identical sequences: based on current data (>1300 specimens for which nuclear genes are also available) this is the case for 47 species using just the standard barcode region, or 42 species using the full 1078 bp. This is more than 20% of the species, not counting gall-makers. Identification success using COI in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC8D80294D7FE3AFD86FE7F" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[454,527,477,502]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC8D80294D7FE3AFD86FE7F" box="[454,527,477,502]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may be higher in southern and central Europe because of lower species richness and lower within-species genetic diversity.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF6A4787FFD7D81D95ACF84CFB7AF861" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[189,232,1963,1989]" targetBox="[189,1398,915,1919]" targetPageId="15">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFD7D81D95ACF84CFB7AF861" blockId="15.[189,1399,1963,2025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD7D81D95ACF84CFEABF84C" bold="true" box="[189,290,1963,1989]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132E0B8AFFD7D81D95ACF84CFE95F84C" box="[189,284,1963,1989]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,910,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-235@16.[189,1398,910,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 3D. Part of maximum likelihood tree of Euura Newman, 1837 based on 9 nuclear genes. Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Part of maximum likelihood tree of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD7D81D97C2F84BFC51F84C" authority="Newman, 1837" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[723,984,1963,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD7D81D97C2F84BFC95F84C" box="[723,796,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Euura</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD7D81D9635F84BFC51F84C" author="Newman E." box="[804,984,1963,1990]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="258 - 263" refId="ref133013" refString="Newman E. 1837. Notes on Tenthredinina. The Entomological Magazine 4 (3): 258-263. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8981534 [accessed 20 Nov. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1837">Newman, 1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on 9 nuclear genes. Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFC8D80295ACFDA6FEA2FD28" blockId="16.[189,1399,577,673]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Notably, in about 15% of species, genetic diversity is sufficiently high that species identification based on 1–2 nuclear genes can also be ambiguous. The success rate increases when more nuclear genes are included.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFC8D80295ACFD2EFAFEFCC5" blockId="16.[187,1399,713,845]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
Remarkably, in some cases there is strong disagreement between mitochondrial COI and nuclear genes for delineating groups of species. The most remarkable is the non-monophyly of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC8D8029197FD0AFAA2FC8F" authorityName="NHRS-HEVA" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1158,1323,749,774]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amentorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC8D8029197FD0AFAA2FC8F" box="[1158,1323,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. amentorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group based on COI, contrasting with strong support based on nuclear genes (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFC8D8029130FCE8FA8BFCA0" author="Liston A. & Vikberg V. & Mutanen M. & Nyman T. & Prous M." box="[1057,1282,783,810]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref131044" refString="Liston A., Vikberg V., Mutanen M., Nyman T. & Prous M. 2023. Palaearctic willow-catkin sawflies: a revision of the amentorum species group of Euura (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 5323 (3): 349-395. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.2" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
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Liston
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC8D802916BFCF7FB39FCA0" box="[1146,1200,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2023
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Another example, albeit less extreme, is the clade comprising the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC8D8029665FCD4FC6CFCC5" authorityName="ZMUO." baseAuthorityName="Serville" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[884,997,818,844]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="histrio">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC8D8029665FCD4FC6CFCC5" box="[884,997,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. histrio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC8D80296E7FCD4FBF3FCC5" baseAuthorityName="Ruthe" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1014,1146,819,844]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variator">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC8D80296E7FCD4FBF3FCC5" box="[1014,1146,819,844]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. variator</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC8D80291D1FCD4FAFEFCC5" baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1216,1399,818,844]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacipleuris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC8D80291D1FCD4FAFEFCC5" box="[1216,1399,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. opacipleuris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF6A4787FFC8D80295ACF84CFB7AF861" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[189,232,1963,1989]" targetBox="[189,1398,910,1917]" targetPageId="16">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFC8D80295ACF84CFB7AF861" blockId="16.[189,1399,1963,2025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC8D80295ACF84CFEABF84C" bold="true" box="[189,290,1963,1989]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3D.</emphasis>
|
||||
Part of maximum likelihood tree of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC8D80297C2F84BFC51F84C" authority="Newman, 1837" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[723,984,1963,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC8D80297C2F84BFC95F84C" box="[723,796,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFC8D8029635F84BFC51F84C" author="Newman E." box="[804,984,1963,1990]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="258 - 263" refId="ref133013" refString="Newman E. 1837. Notes on Tenthredinina. The Entomological Magazine 4 (3): 258-263. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8981534 [accessed 20 Nov. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1837">Newman, 1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on 9 nuclear genes. Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFC9D80395ACFEEDFEF9FE05" blockId="17.[189,1401,265,396]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
groups, wherein groups can be delimited well by morphology and nuclear genes, but COI sequences of the same species can in several cases appear to belong to different groups. There are a few other such examples throughout
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC9D80394ECFEB7FDCFFEE0" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[509,582,336,361]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D80394ECFEB7FDCFFEE0" box="[509,582,336,361]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see supplementary distance COI and nuclear trees of the specimens analysed here).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
300
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Normal file
300
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<mods:identifier id="5F60D30A830FC7EF6EC7F24DC0817FE4" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="DCD9229C6FEDEDBB5285AF6E07786E4E" type="ZooBank">73DA044B-EB3D-4BF1-97EA-7430036DEEE0</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="03BCA619FFD2D81895ADFD82FD08FBF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BCA619FFD2D81895ADFD82FD08FBF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BCA619FFD2D81895ADFD82FD08FBF1" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30F4484FFD2D81895ADFD82FD46FDF6" box="[188,719,613,639]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFD2D81895ADFD82FD46FDF6" blockId="10.[188,719,613,639]" box="[188,719,613,639]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<heading id="D0E2A063FFD2D81895ADFD82FD46FDF6" bold="true" box="[188,719,613,639]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81895ADFD82FD46FDF6" bold="true" box="[188,719,613,639]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
Monophyly and delimitation of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D8189759FD82FD46FDF6" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1871" box="[584,719,613,639]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nematinae">Nematinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30F4484FFD2D81895ADFD73FD08FBF1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFD2D81895ADFD73FD08FBF1" blockId="10.[186,1398,660,1144]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
Based on ten genes (COI and 9 nuclear genes), the subfamily
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81896D7FD73FBCCFD27" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1871" box="[966,1093,660,686]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nematinae">Nematinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is strongly supported as monophyletic (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132E0B8AFFD2D818947FFD50FE3DFD58" box="[366,436,695,721]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[179,222,1686,1714]" captionTargetBox="[227,1911,539,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-12@11.[202,1911,532,1641]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree of Tenthredinidae Latreille, 1803 based on combined COI and 9 nuclear genes. Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
), as found in previous molecular phylogenetic analyses with adequate taxon and gene sampling (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D818946BFD3DFDC0FD7D" author="Prous M. & Blank S. M. & Goulet H. & Heibo E. & Liston A. & Malm T. & Nyman T. & Schmidt S. & Smith D. & Vardal H. & Viitasaari M. & Vikberg V. & Taeger A." box="[378,585,730,757]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref134188" refString="Prous M., Blank S. M., Goulet H., Heibo E., Liston A., Malm T., Nyman T., Schmidt S., Smith D., Vardal H., Viitasaari M., Vikberg V. & Taeger A. 2014. The genera of Nematinae (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 40: 1-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.40.7442" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||||
Prous
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81894D9FD3CFE72FD7D" box="[456,507,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2014
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D8189746FD3DFCEAFD7C" author="Malm T. & Nyman T." box="[599,867,730,757]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref132160" refString="Malm T. & Nyman T. 2015. Phylogeny of the symphytan grade of Hymenoptera: New pieces into the old jigsaw (fly) puzzle. Cladistics 31: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12069" type="journal article" year="2015">Malm & Nyman 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D8189661FD3DFB08FD7D" author="Vilhelmsen L. & Perkovsky E. E. & Shaw J. J." box="[880,1153,730,757]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref138320" refString="Vilhelmsen L., Perkovsky E. E. & Shaw J. J. 2024. Rogue sawflies: Rare late Eocene amber fossils provide new calibration points for dating the evolution of Tenthredinoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 22 (1): 2348774. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2348774" type="journal volume" year="2024">
|
||||
Vilhelmsen
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D8189111FD3CFBBAFD7D" box="[1024,1075,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2024
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D818919EFD3DFAE3FD7D" author="Wutke S. & Blank S. M. & Boeve J-L. & Faircloth B. C. & Koch F. & Linnen C. R. & Malm T. & Niu G. & Prous M. & Schiff N. M. & Schmidt S. & Taeger A. & Vilhelmsen L. & Wahlberg N. & Wei M. & Nyman T." box="[1167,1386,730,757]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref138953" refString="Wutke S., Blank S. M., Boeve J-L., Faircloth B. C., Koch F., Linnen C. R., Malm T., Niu G., Prous M., Schiff N. M., Schmidt S., Taeger A., Vilhelmsen L., Wahlberg N., Wei M. & Nyman T. 2024. Phylogenomics and biogeography of sawflies and woodwasps (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 199: 108144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108144" type="journal volume" year="2024">
|
||||
Wutke
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81891F4FD3CFA93FD7D" box="[1253,1306,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2024
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Support for monophyly of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81894E1FD1AFDE6FC9E" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1871" box="[496,623,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nematinae">Nematinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on morphology is ambiguous(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D8189106FD1AFB69FC91" author="Vilhelmsen L." box="[1047,1248,765,792]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref138284" refString="Vilhelmsen L. 2015. Morphological phylogenetics of the Tenthredinidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Invertebrate Systematics 29 (2): 164. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS14056" type="journal volume" year="2015">Vilhelmsen 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Unusually, some genera of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D818946EFCC6FE77FCB2" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1871" box="[383,510,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nematinae">Nematinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D8189705FCC6FD45FCB2" authorityName="Wei & Niu" authorityYear="2019" box="[532,716,801,827]" genus="Analcellicampa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D8189705FCC6FD45FCB2" box="[532,716,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Analcellicampa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81897CFFCC6FCF6FCB2" authorityName="Rohwer" authorityYear="1912" box="[734,895,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caulocampus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81897CFFCC6FCF6FCB2" box="[734,895,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Caulocampus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D8189683FCC6FC64FCB2" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1807" box="[914,1005,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Cladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D8189683FCC6FC64FCB2" box="[914,1005,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cladius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81896EEFCC6FB1EFCB2" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1837" box="[1023,1175,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Hoplocampa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81896EEFCC6FB1EFCB2" box="[1023,1175,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hoplocampa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81891B8FCC6FAE7FCB2" authorityName="Wei" authorityYear="1998" box="[1193,1390,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Monocellicampa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81891B8FCC6FAE7FCB2" box="[1193,1390,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Monocellicampa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81895FDFCA3FEC8FCD7" authorityName="Rohwer & Middleton" authorityYear="1932" box="[236,321,836,862]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Susana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81895FDFCA3FEC8FCD7" box="[236,321,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Susana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) are classified under a separate subfamily
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D818963CFCA3FB19FCD7" authority="Rohwer, 1911" authorityName="Rohwer" authorityYear="1911" box="[813,1168,836,862]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hoplocampinae">
|
||||
Hoplocampinae Rohwer,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CEDBAEAFFD2D8189147FCA3FB19FCD7" box="[1110,1168,836,862]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85394" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="1911.0">1911</quantity>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in NCBI GenBank. This arrangement of genera (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D818970FFC80FD55FC08" authorityName="Rohwer" authorityYear="1911" box="[542,732,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hoplocampinae">Hoplocampinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) finds no support in any phylogenetic analyses (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D8189020FC80FEB3FC2D" author="Prous M. & Blank S. M. & Goulet H. & Heibo E. & Liston A. & Malm T. & Nyman T. & Schmidt S. & Smith D. & Vardal H. & Viitasaari M. & Vikberg V. & Taeger A." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref134188" refString="Prous M., Blank S. M., Goulet H., Heibo E., Liston A., Malm T., Nyman T., Schmidt S., Smith D., Vardal H., Viitasaari M., Vikberg V. & Taeger A. 2014. The genera of Nematinae (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 40: 1-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.40.7442" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||||
Prous
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81895ADFC6CFF67FC2D" box="[188,238,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2014
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D8189454FC6DFDC3FC2C" author="Malm T. & Nyman T." box="[325,586,906,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref132160" refString="Malm T. & Nyman T. 2015. Phylogeny of the symphytan grade of Hymenoptera: New pieces into the old jigsaw (fly) puzzle. Cladistics 31: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12069" type="journal article" year="2015">Malm & Nyman 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D8189744FC6DFC97FC2C" author="Vilhelmsen L." box="[597,798,906,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref138284" refString="Vilhelmsen L. 2015. Morphological phylogenetics of the Tenthredinidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Invertebrate Systematics 29 (2): 164. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS14056" type="journal volume" year="2015">Vilhelmsen 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132E0B8AFFD2D818963BFC6DFCE5FC2D" box="[810,876,906,932]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[179,222,1686,1714]" captionTargetBox="[227,1911,539,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-12@11.[202,1911,532,1641]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree of Tenthredinidae Latreille, 1803 based on combined COI and 9 nuclear genes. Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
), except perhaps a classification proposal by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D81895ADFC4AFE06FC41" author="Wei M. - C. & Nie H. - Y." box="[188,399,941,968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="23 - 31" refId="ref138686" refString="Wei M. - C. & Nie H. - Y. 1998. Generic list of Tenthredinoidea s. str. in new systematic arrangement with synonyms and distribution data. Journal of Central South Forestry University 18 (3): 23-31." type="journal article" year="1998">Wei & Nie (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, which is not widely accepted (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D81897ECFC49FC5FFC41" author="Taeger A. & Blank S. M. & Liston A. D." box="[765,982,941,968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 1064" refId="ref137117" refString="Taeger A., Blank S. M. & Liston A. D. 2010. World catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Zootaxa 2580: 1-1064. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2580.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||||
Taeger
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D8189644FC49FC01FC4E" box="[853,904,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2010
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The genera of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D8189180FC4AFAC2FC4E" authorityName="Rohwer" authorityYear="1911" box="[1169,1355,941,967]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hoplocampinae">Hoplocampinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are strongly supported as part of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D818971AFC36FD03FC62" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1871" box="[523,650,977,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nematinae">Nematinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
radiation, but the exact relationships between many of these and the other genera of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D818948DFC13FD92FB87" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1871" box="[412,539,1012,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nematinae">Nematinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are poorly supported (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D8189630FC13FC64FB87" author="Prous M. & Blank S. M. & Goulet H. & Heibo E. & Liston A. & Malm T. & Nyman T. & Schmidt S. & Smith D. & Vardal H. & Viitasaari M. & Vikberg V. & Taeger A." box="[801,1005,1012,1038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref134188" refString="Prous M., Blank S. M., Goulet H., Heibo E., Liston A., Malm T., Nyman T., Schmidt S., Smith D., Vardal H., Viitasaari M., Vikberg V. & Taeger A. 2014. The genera of Nematinae (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 40: 1-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.40.7442" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||||
Prous
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D818967CFC12FC29FB87" box="[877,928,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2014
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D81896E9FC13FB74FB86" author="Malm T. & Nyman T." box="[1016,1277,1012,1039]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref132160" refString="Malm T. & Nyman T. 2015. Phylogeny of the symphytan grade of Hymenoptera: New pieces into the old jigsaw (fly) puzzle. Cladistics 31: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12069" type="journal article" year="2015">Malm & Nyman 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D8189018FC13FF73FBB8" author="Niu G. & Jiang S. & Dogan O. & Korkmaz E. M. & Budak M. & Wu D. & Wei M." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref133228" refString="Niu G., Jiang S., Dogan O., Korkmaz E. M., Budak M., Wu D. & Wei M. 2021. Mitochondrial phylogenomics of Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinoidea) supports the monophyly of Megabelesesinae as a subfamily. Insects 12 (6): 495. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12060495" type="journal volume" year="2021">
|
||||
Niu
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D818902AFC12FAE4FB87" box="[1339,1389,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2021
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132E0B8AFFD2D8189418FBF0FED9FBB8" box="[265,336,1047,1073]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[179,222,1686,1714]" captionTargetBox="[227,1911,539,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-12@11.[202,1911,532,1641]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree of Tenthredinidae Latreille, 1803 based on combined COI and 9 nuclear genes. Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The best supported clades within the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D8189623FBF0FC38FBB8" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1871" box="[818,945,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nematinae">Nematinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are Dineurini Ashmead, 1898 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFD2D8189020FBF0FEB5FBDD" author="Prous M. & Blank S. M. & Goulet H. & Heibo E. & Liston A. & Malm T. & Nyman T. & Schmidt S. & Smith D. & Vardal H. & Viitasaari M. & Vikberg V. & Taeger A." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref134188" refString="Prous M., Blank S. M., Goulet H., Heibo E., Liston A., Malm T., Nyman T., Schmidt S., Smith D., Vardal H., Viitasaari M., Vikberg V. & Taeger A. 2014. The genera of Nematinae (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 40: 1-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.40.7442" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||||
Prous
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D81895ADFBDCFF79FBDD" box="[188,240,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2014
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D818946EFBDDFE65FBDD" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1871" box="[383,492,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nematini">Nematini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132E0B8AFFD2D81894EDFBDDFDEEFBDD" box="[508,615,1082,1108]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="11.[179,222,1686,1714]" captionStartId-1="12.[179,222,1681,1709]" captionTargetBox-0="[227,1911,539,1634]" captionTargetBox-1="[251,1909,538,1611]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@11.[202,1911,532,1641]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@12.[203,1909,538,1621]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree of Tenthredinidae Latreille, 1803 based on combined COI and 9 nuclear genes. Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree of Nematinae Thomson, 1871 based on combined COI and 9 nuclear genes. Number of base pairs available for each specimen in the alignment is shown at the end of each label." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||||
), the latter containing the majority of species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D81891B9FBDDFAAEFBDD" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1871" box="[1192,1319,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nematinae">Nematinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(more than 75%), including the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFD2D8189720FBB9FDF3FBFE" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1837" box="[561,634,1118,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFD2D8189720FBB9FDF3FBFE" box="[561,634,1118,1143]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30F4484FFC9D80395ACFE53FCDBFE47" box="[189,850,436,462]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFC9D80395ACFE53FCDBFE47" blockId="17.[189,850,436,462]" box="[189,850,436,462]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<heading id="D0E2A063FFC9D80395ACFE53FCDBFE47" bold="true" box="[189,850,436,462]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D80395ACFE53FCDBFE47" bold="true" box="[189,850,436,462]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
Intraindividual mitochondrial variants in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC9D80397DAFE53FCDBFE47" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1871" box="[715,850,436,462]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nematinae">Nematinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30F4484FFC9D80395ACFE04FEACFA3A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAA170FFFC9D80395ACFE04FEACFA3A" blockId="17.[187,1401,482,1459]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
As already reported (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFC9D80394A9FE04FD0FFE74" author="Prous M. & Liston A. & Mutanen M." box="[440,646,482,509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="187 - 269" refId="ref134438" refString="Prous M., Liston A. & Mutanen M. 2021. Revision of the West Palaearctic Euura bergmanni and oligospila groups (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 187-269. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||||
Prous
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D8039715FE04FDB0FE75" box="[516,569,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2021
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFC9D8039785FE05FCEEFE74" author="Liston A. & Vikberg V. & Mutanen M. & Nyman T. & Prous M." box="[660,871,482,509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref131044" refString="Liston A., Vikberg V., Mutanen M., Nyman T. & Prous M. 2023. Palaearctic willow-catkin sawflies: a revision of the amentorum species group of Euura (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 5323 (3): 349-395. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.2" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
||||
Liston
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D80397F9FE04FC95FE75" box="[744,796,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2023
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), multiple intraindividual COI variants have been detected in many
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C156C8CFFC9D80394D4FDE1FDCDFDA9" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1871" box="[453,580,518,544]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nematinae">Nematinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
using Nanopore sequencing. The vast majority of these variants appear to be functional, because they lack stop codons or frame shifting indels (insertions or deletions). This would suggest heteroplasmy, rather than the presence of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial pseudogenes (NUMTs). Excluding the detectable NUMTs, about 25% of about 1000 specimens still have more than one apparently functional variant (1078–1087 bp amplicons). It is possible that some of the detected intraindividual variants are PCR chimeras (if there is mixture of different sequences, DNA polymerase sometimes switches the template molecule during PCR), but this seems to be a minor issue. This is indicated by the fact that for nuclear genes of males (which are haploid) almost always only a single variant is detected (contrasting with frequent multiple COI variant detection) and for nuclear genes of females (diploid) usually two variants are detected (sometimes one, almost never more than two), again contrasting with frequent detection of more than two variants for COI. We did notice possible PCR chimeras among single Nanopore reads and sometimes detected such consensus variant sequences, but these have usually been of sufficiently low frequency that the variants are not detected or the variants have been filtered out because of low read counts. The frequent presence of multiple COI variants within the same individual has also been evident in the results of Sanger sequencing (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFC9D803918FFC14FAEEFB84" author="Prous M. & Liston A. & Mutanen M." box="[1182,1383,1010,1037]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="187 - 269" refId="ref134438" refString="Prous M., Liston A. & Mutanen M. 2021. Revision of the West Palaearctic Euura bergmanni and oligospila groups (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 187-269. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||||
Prous
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D80391FBFC14FAADFB85" box="[1258,1316,1010,1036]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2021
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), although this method does not allow determination of the number and exact sequences of the variants, unlike Nanopore sequencing as employed here. Interestingly, the presence of heteroplasmy seems to correlate well with mito-nuclear discordance: the groups where species boundaries are more reliably defined by nuclear than mitochondrial DNA tend also to have a higher incidence of heteroplasmy. If the mis-match between mitochondrial and nuclear sequences in terms of species boundaries is mainly due to occasional hybridisation between species (a pattern expected in theory for haplodiploid species and at least partly supported by empirical studies;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFC9D80397A4FB0EFC34FA8A" author="Linnen C. R. & Farrell B. D." box="[693,957,1257,1283]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1417 - 1438" refId="ref130881" refString="Linnen C. R. & Farrell B. D. 2007. Mitonuclear discordance is caused by rampant mitochondrial introgression in Neodiprion (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) sawflies. Evolution 61 (6): 1417-1438. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00114.x" type="journal article" year="2007">Linnen & Farrell 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFC9D80396D9FB0EFB1EFA8D" author="Patten M. M. & Carioscia S. A. & Linnen C. R." box="[968,1175,1257,1284]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="5200 - 5210" refId="ref133856" refString="Patten M. M., Carioscia S. A. & Linnen C. R. 2015. Biased introgression of mitochondrial and nuclear genes: a comparison of diploid and haplodiploid systems. Molecular Ecology 24 (20): 5200-5210. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13318" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Patten
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D8039109FB0DFBC2FA8A" box="[1048,1099,1257,1283]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFC9D80391B3FB0EFAEEFA8A" author="Prous M. & Lee K. M. & Mutanen M." box="[1186,1383,1257,1283]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref134381" refString="Prous M., Lee K. M. & Mutanen M. 2020. Cross-contamination and strong mitonuclear discordance in Empria sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in the light of phylogenomic data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 143: 106670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106670" type="journal volume" year="2020">
|
||||
Prous
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D80391FBFB0DFA94FA8A" box="[1258,1309,1257,1283]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2020
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), then this could also explain the extensive occurrence of heteroplasmy, which has been suggested to be more likely when heterospecific hybridization has occurred (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFC9D8039694FAC8FB47FAC0" author="Ladoukakis E. D. & Zouros E." box="[901,1230,1327,1354]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref129492" refString="Ladoukakis E. D. & Zouros E. 2017. Evolution and inheritance of animal mitochondrial DNA: Rules and exceptions. Journal of Biological Research - Thessaloniki 24 (1): 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40709-017-0060-4" type="journal volume" year="2017">Ladoukakis & Zouros 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846AFEFFC9D80391CBFAC8FEB5FAE4" author="Mastrantonio V. & Urbanelli S. & Porretta D." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref132302" refString="Mastrantonio V., Urbanelli S. & Porretta D. 2019. Ancient hybridization and mtDNA introgression behind current paternal leakage and heteroplasmy in hybrid zones. Scientific Reports 9 (1): 19177. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55764-w" type="journal volume" year="2019">
|
||||
Mastrantonio
|
||||
<emphasis id="B961CB1DFFC9D80395ACFAB4FF70FAE5" box="[189,249,1362,1388]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2019
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). A neighbour-joining distance tree including specimens with a minimum of 621 bp of COI sequence and the detected variants (1905 specimens, 2254 sequences) is included in the supplementary material.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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Reference in a new issue