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<document id="430AB39BAC436F08CD97CD76AB06ED3E" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757" ID-publisher-id="150757" URI-arpha="49182C97-F5FF-54FD-94CC-52148053D6A1" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1750865511691" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Li, Yun, Lu, Lin-Xin, Zhou, Hui-Wen, Yu, Pan, Kociolek, John Patrick, Pang, Wan-Ting, Wang, Quan-Xi &amp; You, Qing-Min" docDate="2025" docId="09DF36F8ECAA562C80062B02ACA36692" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 259: 81-102" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 259" docSource="https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/150757/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docTitle="Planothidium pseudoreichardtii Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="102" masterDocId="49182C97F5FF54FD94CC52148053D6A1" masterDocTitle="Four new Planothidium species (Achnanthidiaceae, Bacillariophyceae) from the Karst region of Guizhou in China" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1750878129295" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="816F2F0644B00967A62121384AE51398">Four new Planothidium species (Achnanthidiaceae, Bacillariophyceae) from the Karst region of Guizhou in China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F2E8BDBB8D8ABAF192E3D7B98D1CE54E">Li, Yun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B81FA91BB8E90FD005E9ECCDB272A2E">Lu, Lin-Xin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="310B2AB84793878C317B7BE4CD803E72">College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0D37A8AC8ABD274B12B48549BAF4C6D1">Zhou, Hui-Wen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FF6EA9DB8C57BCE02F439E3322D3B90E">Yu, Pan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9E050F845104FCC4390EE8EB4C884982">Kociolek, John Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F84C6E12598CB347E0CF149E1753B23C">Pang, Wan-Ting</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E3D3BD5C96D242813A3FEBECC2B13D3D">Wang, Quan-Xi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0790B511FE408A42FB39BA712ED3ECD2">You, Qing-Min</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CCC789C286E3D1F04966F39289EFA442">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<treatment id="09DF36F8ECAA562C80062B02ACA36692" ID-arpha="09DF36F8-ECAA-562C-8006-2B02ACA36692" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:09DF36F8ECAA562C80062B02ACA36692" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/09DF36F8ECAA562C80062B02ACA36692" scope_class="Bacillariophyceae" scope_family="Achnanthidiaceae" scope_order="Achnanthales" scope_phylum="Bacillariophyta">
<subSubSection id="91AF7F6D281C0629D44982FD06EB8288" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7B88C9D7454819F64514EC0B0F413AD0">
<taxonomicName id="4B75F019F695B094265DDF2E630590F5" authority="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoreichardtii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="667DF3A4D91062CB23E887B8C9DC3D17" italics="true">Planothidium pseudoreichardtii</emphasis>
Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF48E6ED636061A539349DFC4D79564" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3C6ACE05B7C1A9E0E06D5E5A443B2D96" type="description">
<paragraph id="40EBE826179CB6BB3EDAEA17D251E68F">
<figureCitation id="2E799F4E7F2A168F9C5F0DC9BBE7D5BE" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Planothidium pseudoreichardtii sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. The white arrow points to a larger areola. R. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve, showing a distinct sinus in the central area (white arrow). Scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361088">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2A8BF6550E2C4A70D3C86025F01D459F" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Planothidium pseudoreichardtii sp. nov. SEM; A. External view of an entire raphe valve. B. Internal view of an entire raphe valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bar as shown." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361089">2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELNAE" type="Holotype">
<paragraph id="9AD3C7916E32FC5BD0C3939051035D44">
<heading id="21108E593F4DCEEB2278909992E21575" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="B801801446A9C1A1C3C36D19809CD809" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8449271E71ABAEA27F45B55C073FBEAE">
<materialsCitation id="6BF444D9C0DC2BBC9C6999CC0A22096D" collectingDate="2015-10-02" collectionCode="SHTU" collectorName="Kociolek J. P. &amp; Wang Q. X." country="China" county="Libo County" elevation="780" latitude="25.26" location="Xiaoqikong Scenic Area" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="107.75445" specimenCode="GZ 201510045" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guizhou Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="5C90A85B00ADDBE84820EE7719617EDA" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14014" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14014" name="Shanghai Teachers University" type="Herbarium">SHTU</collectionCode>
! Slide
<specimenCode id="C630673DF3774D7263846D75BAA41999">GZ 201510045</specimenCode>
,
<typeStatus id="45A6A51B592C93BCF4598C10AA3E9854" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
illustrated in Fig.
<figureCitation id="4BED13F7E2D438EA8000F4B8F54A9621" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Planothidium pseudoreichardtii sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. The white arrow points to a larger areola. R. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve, showing a distinct sinus in the central area (white arrow). Scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361088">1 C, J</figureCitation>
. Diatom samples are housed in the Lab of
<tp_taxon-name id="5EEBB7D636A5F2EF6AC471745014B7C9">
<tp_taxon-name-part id="D8C44FD26B8893C79EE954D68E61F61F" taxon-name-part-type="above-family">Algae</tp_taxon-name-part>
</tp_taxon-name>
and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, China.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="9147270559628F82364098008405706A" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure1" ID-arpha="53A5C07F-00D4-5B4A-8A4C-A8AF826A13AA" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361088" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="7CBF2790BD16813C921DC88EE399D1F0">
<label id="2AD250CE13A4C110F424266B7ABA8980">Figure 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BDF848AE80619C58FC7AD4416BDE01DE">
<taxonomicName id="6475F0B952855F3C80B84D5F82E26E04" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoreichardtii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A608B5ACA5A005B11591060AE271842D" italics="true">Planothidium pseudoreichardtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12307BA8BBF7028323F8877DF594637C" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENOAE" xlink_title="light microscopy">LM</abbrev>
;
<emphasis id="34C912AF578CBC9A2B8C7163EB733568" bold="true">A H.</emphasis>
Rapheless valves;
<emphasis id="FF9E0E86CA75F1B1EB403E7E389D93AD" bold="true">I P.</emphasis>
Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule.
<emphasis id="C6C5D47F2B79B4A44D91BEE6267C9925" bold="true">Q.</emphasis>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXOAE" xlink_title="scanning electron microscopy">SEM</abbrev>
external view of an entire rapheless valve. The white arrow points to a larger areola.
<emphasis id="7213A503A1B5B373463CAAD0BC627A0A" bold="true">R.</emphasis>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E4OAE" xlink_title="scanning electron microscopy">SEM</abbrev>
internal view of an entire rapheless valve, showing a distinct sinus in the central area (white arrow). Scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (
<emphasis id="1FC4AA085A33AB949218FFABDDDFE476" bold="true">A P</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EIPAE" type="Isotype">
<paragraph id="AE158189D7A8FFC1703738ABA1FF9902">
<heading id="28D197BFD3C1B1033DE6C745E87F52B3" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="934613C48E60AD5CB16E3C1B023BF9C7" type="isotype">Isotype</typeStatus>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D4898655086DE877DC079F2E31AB26E">
<materialsCitation id="461BEFA483708598DDE04E617A31D784" collectingDate="2015-10-02" collectionCode="COLO" collectorName="Kociolek J. P. &amp; Wang Q. X." country="China" county="Libo County" elevation="780" latitude="25.26" location="Xiaoqikong Scenic Area" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="107.75445" specimenCode="11111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guizhou Province" typeStatus="isotype">
<collectionCode id="B8EC5653196E6DD6C0A0DAF245E82A4B" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15540" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15540" name="University of Colorado Herbarium" type="Herbarium">COLO</collectionCode>
! Material
<specimenCode id="5D16DEBC2CA7D0F0E1615E6D5A82F0C1">11111</specimenCode>
, Slides are housed in the Kociolek Collection, University of Colorado, Museum of Natural History Diatom Herbarium, Boulder, U. S. A.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ENPAE" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="FD41B6D19905D01093CC8830BB5DA1C3">
<heading id="B46B15E379526D26150F90D746B999D4" reason="title">Type locality.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9BEB583D2EE0621D9FAB06FBEB25EC99">
<collectingCountry id="3D37907AECFF912A89558A93C0E8D4CA" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
.
<location id="58A210C3C10ECA56375CB724567EDA81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:09DF36F8ECAA562C80062B02ACA36692:58A210C3C10ECA56375CB724567EDA81" country="China" county="Libo County" latitude="25.26" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="107.75445" name="Xiaoqikong Scenic Area" stateProvince="Guizhou Province">Xiaoqikong Scenic Area</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="6232271D40782070BD0544468CE3836D">Libo County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="6FCC5D1FC4541E3239BE83B09A0A7C81" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou Province</collectingRegion>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EWPAE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[107.754444,25.260000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="3005269133FAD86090DAACCF3802C858" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="25.26">25°15'36&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D42ACAED3C2D20FCCA1F1472331A299A" degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="16" value="107.75445">107°45'16&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
, altitude:
<quantity id="AFF657FC05CC91742D7BF4F02E05D7BF" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" unit="m" value="780.0">
<elevation id="6038A71099E194349D95081D85CD465F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" unit="m" value="780.0">780 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by
<collectorName id="C924D023850A853E5EB7659C8C9568B0">Kociolek J. P.</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="5324A16D852B1AB59F2D68CA82D8C5E2">Wang Q. X.</collectorName>
, on
<date id="2F769A6BFF7AC5CECE3FC792BA4F2F92" value="2015-10-02">
<collectingDate id="1BB10C003862EFE91C5E25304A5D9C1D" value="2015-10-02">October 2, 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2PAE" type="description">
<paragraph id="4D4D83A59B69C5661DC3FD8D0EFA460E">
<heading id="C486349877C093249C61ACDD82A8A2F9" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43DDF28D320594F83680F9012E70C04C">
Light microscopy (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EBQAE" xlink_title="light microscopy">LM</abbrev>
) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F5BB07808CCD2915BF5D011FDE56549B" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Planothidium pseudoreichardtii sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. The white arrow points to a larger areola. R. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve, showing a distinct sinus in the central area (white arrow). Scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361088">1 A P</figureCitation>
). Valves elliptical with slightly constricted ends and rostrate extensions. Valve dimensions (n = 60): Length 11.519.0 µm, width 5.57.5 µm. Rapheless Valve (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2F83694773B03577B232AEF020008AB3" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Planothidium pseudoreichardtii sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. The white arrow points to a larger areola. R. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve, showing a distinct sinus in the central area (white arrow). Scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361088">1 A H</figureCitation>
): Axial area narrow, straight, linear. Central area features a U-shaped hyaline region widening towards the valve margin, on the opposite side, striae extend to the axial area. Striae radiate along the valve outline,
<quantity id="7CF3DAB45361303AF064EA21259FFC48" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.937" metricValueMax="4.318" metricValueMin="3.556" unit="in" value="15.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="14.0">1417 in</quantity>
10 µm (measured opposite hyaline area). Raphe Valve (Fig.
<figureCitation id="341E86EAFBFB0D13C5C08BEB3E363AD0" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Planothidium pseudoreichardtii sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. The white arrow points to a larger areola. R. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve, showing a distinct sinus in the central area (white arrow). Scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361088">1 I P</figureCitation>
): Axial area narrow, straight, linear. Central area rectangular to nearly circular, bordered by 34 shortened, asymmetrical striae on each side. Raphe branches straight. Striae radiate along the valve outline,
<quantity id="3241AC7B1B2BE01C0E8B98466E5CFEE1" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="3.556" unit="in" value="16.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="14.0">1418 in</quantity>
10 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="228AA45976E7A3CA0CC47792D0295308">
Scanning electron microscopy (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETQAE" xlink_title="scanning electron microscopy">SEM</abbrev>
) (Figs
<figureCitation id="F0117A5E8D71879FEFD2CE209D41A816" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Planothidium pseudoreichardtii sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. The white arrow points to a larger areola. R. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve, showing a distinct sinus in the central area (white arrow). Scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361088">1 Q, R</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="ABDB81DB9094B246D502FD36AE74EBFF" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Planothidium pseudoreichardtii sp. nov. SEM; A. External view of an entire raphe valve. B. Internal view of an entire raphe valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bar as shown." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361089">2 A, B</figureCitation>
). Rapheless Valve (Fig.
<figureCitation id="59536783E18C791760A340D46A29A4F9" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Planothidium pseudoreichardtii sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. The white arrow points to a larger areola. R. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve, showing a distinct sinus in the central area (white arrow). Scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361088">1 Q, R</figureCitation>
): Striae composed of 34 rows of circular areolae, the outer two rows larger than those near the center. Striae narrow to 2 rows towards the axial area and may expand to 34 rows near the valve margin, a larger areola marks the end of striae near the valve margin (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F9E80B4AB3422D211C51172A0A7236B0" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Planothidium pseudoreichardtii sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. The white arrow points to a larger areola. R. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve, showing a distinct sinus in the central area (white arrow). Scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361088">1 Q</figureCitation>
, white arrow). The central and axial areas feature irregular, shallow, linear depression. Internally, areolae are covered. A clearly visible sinus is present on one side of the central area, forming a shallow circular depression (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F971EF338E39A4B2A00D6CBDF8535842" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Planothidium pseudoreichardtii sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. The white arrow points to a larger areola. R. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve, showing a distinct sinus in the central area (white arrow). Scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361088">1 R</figureCitation>
, white arrow). Raphe Valve (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E2AABD52C27C1BE10165065965D3E3FF" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Planothidium pseudoreichardtii sp. nov. SEM; A. External view of an entire raphe valve. B. Internal view of an entire raphe valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bar as shown." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361089">2 A, B</figureCitation>
): Striae composed of 34 rows of circular areolae. Striae narrow towards one end near the axial area. The central area typically displays 2 to 3 shortened striae. Striae almost extend onto the valve margin. Raphe branches are straight, with proximal raphe endings expanding into pores, surrounded by shallow, drop-like depressions. Distal raphe ends are curved in the same direction, briefly extending onto the mantle. Internally, proximal raphe endings are slightly deflected to the opposite side, distal raphe endings terminate in a small helictoglossa. Central nodule is raised, with striae wider raised virgae and sunken between them, and areolae are individually covered.
</paragraph>
<caption id="49148EBE99E4C3DF8E5E30246DF8369B" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure2" ID-arpha="B7A02DFB-6A01-5D7D-A57A-E9FEEC27D1CA" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361089" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="CD2B97A2B455F05CDC56720EB0AC0A18">
<label id="A0C67CC0A4E59C0EA04D7B0A92F50878">Figure 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D5CFEF5043DCE1417B23C91167A375E">
<taxonomicName id="2231168E9DF0B409E9718C88770D4E4D" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoreichardtii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F9C923AFC53C32170F6CEDAA6EF32231" italics="true">Planothidium pseudoreichardtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E6FDA05963EF09DF9DC53B2DD2C29F60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECSAE" xlink_title="scanning electron microscopy">SEM</abbrev>
;
<emphasis id="F2DFE462B754EB7A3DB88E8EDF902C0E" bold="true">A.</emphasis>
External view of an entire raphe valve.
<emphasis id="60855B258082280382EA6380D822F1EA" bold="true">B.</emphasis>
Internal view of an entire raphe valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bar as shown.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EPSAE" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="26B2A5D2F7F00BD24CE89406494AF0A8">
<heading id="BD645DA79287D4EEA10FEC4191B80AE2" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7DAC97134EBD4BD9F13FC80C33C105B3">
The species was named for its outline being similar to
<taxonomicName id="B953D6CDD5802FD0F479A7F2E22AB870" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="reichardtii">
<emphasis id="99B358FCC6FB88687C8BC6EB5370613A" italics="true">P. reichardtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EATAE" type="PhycoBank registration">
<paragraph id="20E69F2C1C4755DFCA76D26B7EB8E943">
<heading id="B9D5E5441F7241C817DC01DA037FDC74" reason="title">PhycoBank registration.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA5A4B7006999E4D760601690BE0B06E">
<ext-link id="9DDD2409BE81C6D08DBF39E524B4ABFA" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://phycobank.org/105527" xlink_type="simple">http://phycobank.org/105527</ext-link>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELTAE" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="EEAE8BFB46CD642634E19153A203E002">
<heading id="39982AC5C5F3DECCBB9B7671754B00FA" reason="title">Distribution and ecology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="80EF9ADD1553DAE4AB58554D5BB19C59">
This species has currently only been found at its type locality, where it was collected from rocks in a rapid stream (water temperature 18.0 ° C, elevation
<quantity id="D6C0FD531B765CF184768653D38BBB41" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" unit="m" value="780.0">780 m</quantity>
). The species was observed in sample
<specimenCode id="69A45E16E09FEFD1C7BDA52775E4F81B">GZ 201510041</specimenCode>
P (2.0 %),
<specimenCode id="C21C08300A9E4A41AD6B450D17AD6873">GZ 201510045</specimenCode>
(2.5 %). In the type material (
<specimenCode id="ECEDF2EF6A4CCB7141A07AFD15D6D3DE">GZ 201510045</specimenCode>
),
<taxonomicName id="407F099DC22B6A93E83B94C889D58CF0" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoreichardtii">
<emphasis id="1A37FB2FC6CF26E5374B1EDFADFCAA18" italics="true">P. pseudoreichardtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was rare. The associated diatom flora included
<taxonomicName id="3F1222F930A9730C1D687BF7FDF0967B" authority="Reichardt" authorityName="Reichardt" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Navicula" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lundii">
<emphasis id="A9B3D7D1A77594612A9A11C6DC3BA673" italics="true">Navicula lundii</emphasis>
Reichardt
</taxonomicName>
(19.5 %),
<taxonomicName id="0CABBD534A4D970E32BAC6F63105BF5A" authority="Peres, le Cohu &amp; Barthes" authorityName="Peres, le Cohu &amp; Barthes" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="delmontii">
<emphasis id="EADC9460BEA944FBD1E3A22DB2DDFE1B" italics="true">Achnanthidium delmontii</emphasis>
Pérès, le Cohu &amp; Barthès
</taxonomicName>
(12.0 %),
<taxonomicName id="5AF18FBA2EFF458CA5A68548BA45C130" authority="(Ostrup) Lange-Bertalot" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" baseAuthorityName="Ostrup" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rostratum">
<emphasis id="65F092FFC12B0EE61636253D71C45BB4" italics="true">Planothidium rostratum</emphasis>
(Østrup) Lange-Bertalot
</taxonomicName>
(6.0 %),
<taxonomicName id="C000ABFEA93BEF3277A1F566F7D3A1E5" authority="Lange-Bertalot" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" family="Paralichthyidae" genus="Platessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hustedtii">
<emphasis id="5584AA9E993ABE2F56384E46693767AB" italics="true">Platessa hustedtii</emphasis>
Lange-Bertalot
</taxonomicName>
(5.5 %), and
<taxonomicName id="47A69D46474DA82B26F3120A7472CF5D" authority="(Kutzing) Czarnecki" authorityName="Czarnecki" baseAuthorityName="Kutzing" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="minutissimum">
<emphasis id="BDE760AD0DC6AD9CC53F6531319C187C" italics="true">Achnanthidium minutissimum</emphasis>
(Kützing) Czarnecki
</taxonomicName>
(5.0 %), and other taxa with lower abundance (less than 5 %) such as
<taxonomicName id="43C0C0471E3B7D0E4A9102EF818047F9" authority="Germain" authorityName="Germain" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Navicula" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="capitatoradiata">
<emphasis id="713E8B9C7940AA48D9F75CD8829F7C96" italics="true">Navicula capitatoradiata</emphasis>
Germain
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="280D11CB75B836EF930D644F224E5993" authority="Potapova &amp; Ponader" authorityName="Potapova &amp; Ponader" authorityYear="2004" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rivulare">
<emphasis id="C52A6F271C305DC173F331ECF3ADFC1C" italics="true">Achnanthidium rivulare</emphasis>
Potapova &amp; Ponader
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="44508574F82A0E06B2561268636EB303" authority="Ehrenberg" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1843" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Staurosira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="construens">
<emphasis id="0D73141CBA206E011B17D64A53A18B86" italics="true">Staurosira construens</emphasis>
Ehrenberg
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="89991AFC0FBFBE5A66186966F129B41A" authority="Luo &amp; Wang" authorityName="Luo &amp; Wang" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="nyingchiensis">
<emphasis id="143E376B855FBCF7AF50D4B59A1609EA" italics="true">Punctastriata nyingchiensis</emphasis>
Luo &amp; Wang
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDAD9268FBBDB1EBCFAC11CE89472558" authority="Ehrenberg" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="placentula">
<emphasis id="E8A73177BCD8D4ADD66320064478C433" italics="true">Cocconeis placentula</emphasis>
Ehrenberg
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B3F2425467F74E91EAC3F31C6711B882" authority="Smith. Additional" authorityName="Smith. Additional" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Nitzschia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palea">
<emphasis id="CD90C1360D68BFAE6454FA835AB3F682" italics="true">Nitzschia palea</emphasis>
Smith. Additional
</taxonomicName>
ecological information is presented in Table
<tableCitation id="59ADA0D82FF1C1B6BA5ABA1D9C576E6E" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Locality data and habitat for samples studied." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2BD29B7201C06BD8B17DCE107E54EE96" tableUuid="2BD29B7201C06BD8B17DCE107E54EE96">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZXAE" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="9ECF2CA942A67C2C95F0FDF624F14814">
<heading id="E8FD96A2C46D7607873A26A2A6AA4B4A" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B62A4E88020C32D322051E3F90D54644">
Due to their similar valve outlines,
<taxonomicName id="D8E2C990EB53A101AFC38BEA187404E7" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoreichardtii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="250493A82E570AC22EBB8B472EF03440" italics="true">Planothidium pseudoreichardtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2E88A0FB2CA654C8CF950CEC0CBDD140" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="5136B77BEAAA34A9A64A534952D6B98B" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liboensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6A6FDF6E9A383673338B08B55F2487BA" italics="true">Planothidium liboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DD79A3DA62364273E68CC283CDE3B36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
were compared with several morphologically similar taxa, including
<taxonomicName id="76F832DB4C4BFA2F76B00B0A86702A8B" authority="Lange-Bertalot &amp; Werum" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot &amp; Werum" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="reichardtii">
<emphasis id="65B8A79392F9D6B913F5909BF6310E61" italics="true">Planothidium reichardtii</emphasis>
Lange-Bertalot &amp; Werum
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="65C8FE362326C454ACE6BBAE9D415C31" authority="(Ostrup) Lange-Bertalot" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" baseAuthorityName="Ostrup" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rostratum">
<emphasis id="41C22584F0C67460E151EC57EEEB7074" italics="true">Planothidium rostratum</emphasis>
(Østrup) Lange-Bertalot
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="AD18B914817CC7B1E6D6AE3A8FE991AE" authority="Morais, Wetzel &amp; Bicudo" authorityName="Morais, Wetzel &amp; Bicudo" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="xinguense">
<emphasis id="2DC2FC6B9D97C3F9B8A50E2F484F04EA" italics="true">Planothidium xinguense</emphasis>
Morais, Wetzel &amp; Bicudo
</taxonomicName>
(Table
<tableCitation id="2AA2CA8C4ABF0E9CF3DE2998994F92D9" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of morphological characteristics of Planothidium pseudoreichardtii sp. nov. &amp; Planothidium liboensis sp. nov. and closely related taxa." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C03A42CAE564F670F899DDF46DDFDDE2" tableUuid="C03A42CAE564F670F899DDF46DDFDDE2">2</tableCitation>
). However,
<taxonomicName id="E2E414670FB673352CCDD0FEF21ADE7B" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoreichardtii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EC60AC694D60809468B45ED35BAA96CC" italics="true">P. pseudoreichardtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9FC3BFDF2693F24F87EF842CDE101C4A" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="76DC08B7CC888275C13F2D4AB739A347" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liboensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E02452469FB51F2A3DE2945245F7BDB5" italics="true">P. liboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01E6F793A79B77B4D9BD3DA2120EF526" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
because the former possesses a sinus, while the latter has a cavum on the center of the rapheless valve. Meanwhile,
<taxonomicName id="632AA2C517EF395A74B98C6794288901" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoreichardtii">
<emphasis id="B9F6689CF1323A42DE5B431FC5DDD45B" italics="true">P. pseudoreichardtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="E4743648678A4CE3702786E7B7499764" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="reichardtii">
<emphasis id="C04F9BA48D158B9FE26F30C44C5CD25F" italics="true">P. reichardtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by several distinct features: (1) in
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EG2AE" xlink_title="light microscopy">LM</abbrev>
, the central area of the rapheless valve in
<taxonomicName id="6CDBBB754F80022636F8AD626A909ECA" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoreichardtii">
<emphasis id="CD51FCB61BA0C76549AAF3CD42DDDD50" italics="true">P. pseudoreichardtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a broader hyaline area outlined by 35 striae, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="AD78A5D49DAEE7A49C5378E96F009E8D" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="reichardtii">
<emphasis id="E98CCCDF67A1167DA761E2CAA805DB7E" italics="true">P. reichardtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the hyaline area is outlined by only 12 striae; (2) The striae on the rapheless valve of
<taxonomicName id="668F5A4A294A72421835D7F23C05AEFE" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoreichardtii">
<emphasis id="199C0B3BF25A7E59AD6316D0C37BA8B2" italics="true">P. pseudoreichardtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consist of 34 rows of circular areolae, with the outermost two rows being larger than the central ones, whereas
<taxonomicName id="5EE77082550AB5829F433671CE8949A4" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="reichardtii">
<emphasis id="10D85F39729BD39CC322AB300156D743" italics="true">P. reichardtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has uniformly sized areolae in its striae; (3) the striae of
<taxonomicName id="8A934A1885F811F5478D8131E2B7A8AE" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoreichardtii">
<emphasis id="2595263E0D27DEAD4AC4511596552CD5" italics="true">P. pseudoreichardtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
terminates at the valve margin with a distinctly enlarged areola, while
<taxonomicName id="5C0C83C663BBAE621131F6BCBFB66A19" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="reichardtii">
<emphasis id="AA0205EDD032F7D2BDE8C081333F6C95" italics="true">P. reichardtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
doesnt have it. (4) irregular shallow slit-like depressions are present in the central and axial areas of the rapheless valve in
<taxonomicName id="96AF1B4BAEB4BA7CE9E2BB426508B4D7" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoreichardtii">
<emphasis id="7E38003738E5428530BFC4877CA3B017" italics="true">P. pseudoreichardtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas no depressions were observed on the rapheless valve of
<taxonomicName id="86E98D69A02B8729848DD244FBD4B30E" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="reichardtii">
<emphasis id="DA499CDBF1C35F66B078D9E5A2D00EEB" italics="true">P. reichardtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C03A42CAE564F670F899DDF46DDFDDE2" ID-Table-UUID="C03A42CAE564F670F899DDF46DDFDDE2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C03A42CAE564F670F899DDF46DDFDDE2" startId="T2" targetIsTable="true">
<paragraph id="76C5FD0AFA95DED51A89D238816F09B1">
<label id="3EF6FFFBF9F514CA5D6931EE61270DB4">Table 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C62E229AC6BDFEC4F970B9BE0436BD3">
Comparison of morphological characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="853A29FC46E57CF32EF92CF17DAD81C1" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoreichardtii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B114400DBDEB70DB29BB61C20ED46973" italics="true">Planothidium pseudoreichardtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E0089F88D89B5E92D5E9E1BB9CA365F" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
&amp;
<taxonomicName id="5E831F14031E1533631F870221A391CD" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liboensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0309B8855A2FFB10815F4E784CE4C279" italics="true">Planothidium liboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9F38030456DF5F8F7F0DAC0AE7CDDF5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and closely related taxa.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="933FBDEF77171858D05FE5B2DE2B3F63">
<table id="TID0E4HAI" rules="all">
<tbody id="111C47E11E0F7D411D9D50C051735937">
<tr id="2255A722479D09106C85A4B22481CC5E">
<th id="B6C4692EED9C24A9098E93E304D44FE2" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th id="6C651DBB7FF40F84B8C25FC7B19C25A2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="B7610021C07522352AC71F53B94A2754" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoreichardtii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="70F4408DB5AD5238F6D59774ABC7B006" italics="true">Planothidium pseudoreichardtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B5C61C8164A9F5B86F256AB392CFB4EF" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<th id="E7C11E5B141AB8C32CA5400529AE6E5C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="12BD9DD0CA151173E952D9C7C4229CB0" authority="Lange-Bertalot &amp; Werum" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot &amp; Werum" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="reichardtii">
<emphasis id="9A568FEC4C0B72246DF8179AFB94CDFB" italics="true">Planothidium reichardtii</emphasis>
Lange-Bertalot &amp; Werum
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="5D851CAE7AFE264CCE84ECAD30D92480" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="8020321B41998341954084A30FA5C16E" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liboensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95CEB091A181E0D999094B280333CD3E" italics="true">Planothidium liboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8038EE1E6B1AFCBADC524BC3FF9D33B8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<th id="5DA254E6605DADA1DDA51D3274911E69" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="DE37ED1EE1B2D5C606C8A030A3258671" authority="(Ostrup) Lange-Bertalot" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" baseAuthorityName="Ostrup" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rostratum">
<emphasis id="04B3A8E46EC1814D4CA9CD689FA408D4" italics="true">Planothidium rostratum</emphasis>
(Østrup) Lange-Bertalot
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="1D01EB6C48DF879710F52AD1D6E27FA1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="0DA61545AC0F31DFD82304C63C84F245" authority="Morais" authorityName="Morais" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="xinguense">
<emphasis id="7AEA64180361C094C708B652365994BC" italics="true">Planothidium xinguense</emphasis>
Morais
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="0437CD0A7EB7ED4D4852ADB3F9617328">
<td id="259625133301D2437DC055099E478516" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Reference</td>
<td id="D05609FD6E89A46393F97AD59C3CCB81" colspan="1" rowspan="1">This study</td>
<td id="FA0804251FB85A5633D076E888D6B61C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation id="3BC8F9C596EC2DB24DFD6B5C1121CE09" author="Werum and Lange-Bertalot" editor="Lange-Bertalot H" firstAuthor="Werum" journalOrPublisher="A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G, Ruggell" pagination="3-417" refId="B38" refString="Werum M, Lange-Bertalot H (2004) Diatoms in Springs from Central Europe and elsewhere under the influence of hydrologeology and anthropogenic impacts. In: Lange-Bertalot H (Ed.) Iconographia Diatomologica 13. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G, Ruggell, 3417." title="Diatoms in Springs from Central Europe and elsewhere under the influence of hydrologeology and anthropogenic impacts." volumeTitle="Iconographia Diatomologica 13." year="2004">Werum and Lange-Bertalot 2004</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="C886713CDAE3141E8ED1FB6E3224B3C2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">This study</td>
<td id="680F8611B961DB60FAAA28F8D1B0B45E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation id="A4B1A75E2CD93F2F3F4CC4DF48655CE7" author="Lange-Bertalot" editor="Lange-Bertalot H" firstAuthor="Lange-Bertalot" journalOrPublisher="6: Phytogeography-Diversity-Taxonomy. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein, Germany" pagination="276-289" refId="B17" refString="Lange-Bertalot H (1999) Neue Kombinationen von Taxa aus Achnanthes Bory (sensu lato). In: Lange-Bertalot H (Ed.) Iconographia Diatomologica, Vol. 6: Phytogeography-Diversity-Taxonomy. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein, Germany, 276289." title="Neue Kombinationen von Taxa aus Achnanthes Bory (sensu lato)." volumeTitle="Iconographia Diatomologica, Vol." year="1999">Lange-Bertalot 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EE8AF1DBE8A8ACF48FDD04F43725D14C" DOI="10.5507/fot.2018.016" author="Wetzel" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wetzel" journalOrPublisher="Fottea" pagination="50-89" refId="B41" refString="Wetzel CE, Van De Vijver B, Blanco S, Ector L (2019) On some common and new cavum-bearing Planothidium (Bacillariophyta) species from freshwater. Fottea 19: 5089. https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2018.016" title="On some common and new cavum-bearing Planothidium (Bacillariophyta) species from freshwater." volume="19" year="2019">Wetzel et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="718931C1727F5FEE2F82CBB764F269FD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation id="013C35A1C0B63DBBE51C047C2BAB39D4" DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.477.2.4" author="Morais" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Morais" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pagination="194-204" refId="B23" refString="Morais KS, Costa LF, Bicudo CEDM, Ector L, Wetzel CE (2020) A new Planothidium species (Achnanthidiaceae, Bacillariophyceae) from Xingu Ria, Amazon River basin, Brazil. Phytotaxa 477: 194204. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.477.2.4" title="A new Planothidium species (Achnanthidiaceae, Bacillariophyceae) from Xingu Ria, Amazon River basin, Brazil." volume="477" year="2020">Morais et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F4EFE537DFBE1EDE34F03CB1DDF0812">
<td id="C6766114D9D0DA4A45EF8B29AB632851" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Valve outline</td>
<td id="75794F090267F53543EAE4D319B160C5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Elliptical</td>
<td id="2E1C2238031710D4CB1083025F3B57B3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Elliptical to linear-elliptical</td>
<td id="0FDD3CD9AF0C57941EB6CED12D6B428A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Elliptical</td>
<td id="AE7C287F9035C85C8B4E6B4683850603" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Elliptical</td>
<td id="3CEB19D961CA17D7ACF3C204BEE826C5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Elliptical, asymmetrical</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5454522E3EEA3DF6F009EAB77D5B6F94">
<td id="2B1D2B98D5EB5BBFB88EE4AB7BD7B6F4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Apices</td>
<td id="1A2F8B10AB4759BE833F85EC9C5685DD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Rostrate</td>
<td id="0A8535E1D78B12CE1A23B72A1383B4BB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Subrostrate to capitate</td>
<td id="6071B1BFEA5C5680B4B931F0BE518166" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Rostrate</td>
<td id="9426801E9C4933FE37CF6588698B4168" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Short to long rostrate</td>
<td id="89FEEF83B2C25917F9AD78F0F6029007" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Short to long rostrate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="81F501DCB46FEA28C994B972A649B0C5">
<td id="04AC69CD19A28540D4A61514A6CAF9CF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Length</td>
<td id="38FBAFD56C259C414AF617A93638847C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11.519.0 µm</td>
<td id="1FF83D193B9A7E64CFC13DDCC78A21B8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">818 µm</td>
<td id="1F00817DE4B27516481015A0B8610F7D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1218 µm</td>
<td id="A34EFC1B2ED4D7D2B263EBCF185D5BBF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.515.0 µm</td>
<td id="0E45CD3E5A1DF1AFCD03D56B7F42421F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1214 µm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="43C3CA8AA043E30797578FB3420936BC">
<td id="E563120DEF0943018857A5CDA81379AC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Width</td>
<td id="A04BDCE76916F3D073C8FBD48FF7FA8D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5.57.5 µm</td>
<td id="F3D4DC64430B8DDFC839C57BDC91A3F9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4.06.5 µm</td>
<td id="EC0C78B5EDC6092BAC5C251A1F2882AC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">57 µm</td>
<td id="033B19BE43581C5925CAE7162F4B8C12" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4.06.5 µm</td>
<td id="05896596C94540D9D82131A002066413" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.78.2 µm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6E7632C1BDDA687DC3FBCF0B764D964D">
<td id="E2CD30E1AAC52BC9F269A18481529666" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Central area (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELFAG" xlink_title="raphe valve">RV</abbrev>
)
</td>
<td id="7FA7ECFCA14A84A31967C0234CB085C3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Rectangular to nearly circular</td>
<td id="E8634E36498EAB085B24BAC3B8AD5278" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Nd</td>
<td id="6675253C524EDEF6075E6E2B1D58C517" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Rectangular to nearly circular</td>
<td id="93527247496C8B0D7BC256BD41BA80F2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Rectangular to slightly round</td>
<td id="FA241B4D196840854BBB24144A006235" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Irregular, rectangular to slightly rounded</td>
</tr>
<tr id="92B971E760229D782ECA3D1DA40DF34C">
<td id="9E06ECAAF61E91835DD8A7D6AC9CFA0A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Axial area (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDGAG" xlink_title="raphe valve">RV</abbrev>
)
</td>
<td id="C01C347DFF25383F8E81CE079C8E24BD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Narrow linear</td>
<td id="256ADC205CE7295C8E3FBFD81928E810" colspan="1" rowspan="1">linear</td>
<td id="4B1AAC44F7A2913D941B30EEA1D9905E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Narrow linear</td>
<td id="19EB2C242F883639F2981D7EF329981E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Narrow, linear, widening towards the central area</td>
<td id="6E415FFD62F23282355F09E19735FFD0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Narrow linear</td>
</tr>
<tr id="348664B721001071135FAF660BA90D07">
<td id="529370968F0E6FF65F141A7413083A78" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Striae (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2GAG" xlink_title="raphe valve">RV</abbrev>
)
</td>
<td id="CA53CD110B5A4384B63E64DA1BBC117B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1418 / 10 µm</td>
<td id="9B01B1722734F6C279BD2533A6F6CAA0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Nd</td>
<td id="D0823FCFECE0B7A6336FB7977FA4FF04" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1417 / 10 µm</td>
<td id="598348EA1107477B9BACD389282C821D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1216 / 10 µm</td>
<td id="83D163DC844293DC611899F1702A5CEA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1214 µm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="867ED0D6B3CB1770CE031954DBAB9AEB">
<td id="3BEFA90CA47E848EAA3C077D885505A5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Areolae composition of striae (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETHAG" xlink_title="raphe valve">RV</abbrev>
)
</td>
<td id="BFFAC43EE929AB0FA02119B3800E8F8B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">34 rows areolae</td>
<td id="69251DFF135C7B83590ED350082CBAC3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Nd</td>
<td id="C88AC104F31501BCDAC5FA772226C34C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">45 rows areolae</td>
<td id="7AEA9036EE38E28B3C480F14103F1195" colspan="1" rowspan="1">34 rows areolae</td>
<td id="DB3C34373B6F0233846849A1016AF926" colspan="1" rowspan="1">34 rows areolae</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A09EB7B13AF47A6EBF40AF8A10AA369E">
<td id="47DAB3389E60B8CF72132A5C6FB998F7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Axial area (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELIAG" xlink_title="rapheless valve">SV</abbrev>
)
</td>
<td id="51BBE2C1716D0CFB8C3ED57C8A417336" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Narrow, linear to lanceolate</td>
<td id="6E9A2B0DF01FE1778CE2112CA3CCA365" colspan="1" rowspan="1">linear</td>
<td id="ABE1F5FB2C3D88D2CD9DA2420F81D043" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Narrow linear</td>
<td id="F2686655E8FAA092A65AF0AC07285214" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Narrow, straight, linear</td>
<td id="91B2A85205EA9E247DA51064F81FB821" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Narrow, linear, expanded in the central area opposite to the cavum</td>
</tr>
<tr id="702B2D437C00638B525A5E35101E986A">
<td id="EABEFDE1869563A34DEAA1875CD7CEDE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Additional structure (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDJAG" xlink_title="rapheless valve">SV</abbrev>
)
</td>
<td id="D138A49A116CEAF31C79C458D3528D00" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Sinus</td>
<td id="E9A3A605F346F231EAE50D184AD72DE2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Sinus</td>
<td id="723B381F85F213164D0FD7EB6652581F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Cavum</td>
<td id="86D0EFC01109B976098C9CD63E94E6A0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Cavum</td>
<td id="B49D7F77E7F539FE2B96BBC05B617ECE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Cavum</td>
</tr>
<tr id="899D7C646E7368905F0FB650E4C17F13">
<td id="F6A7510D39DC4E34CC904E16623238CB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Striae (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2JAG" xlink_title="rapheless valve">SV</abbrev>
)
</td>
<td id="29306631B1B68E673E011C0B5E481DEA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1417 / 10 µm</td>
<td id="66E32F85AFF3EBCEF54DFEEDB5B96612" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Nd</td>
<td id="47C38F683114356507B6BB82E21122FC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1516 / 10 µm</td>
<td id="17BD88547C5F40AB1FCB9CCEF35C4825" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1214 / 10 µm</td>
<td id="8A743042CC36BF08CB0497999D5D643E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1214 µm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C3E508516E081EB7999F8F5A0DE2BE99">
<td id="1C88E2DDFAA48148711E9A7F3FB7A19F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Areolae composition of striae (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETKAG" xlink_title="rapheless valve">SV</abbrev>
)
</td>
<td id="A879E954712CEB620C25439C22594EC3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">34 rows areolae</td>
<td id="36B777CEF304575D067BBA724D9C6A3C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Nd</td>
<td id="96ECB791AD81E8D64B39D1CEC7E1F731" colspan="1" rowspan="1">45 rows areolae</td>
<td id="2734AA1FBC14F489BA15DC5E7EC5C56F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">34 rows areolae</td>
<td id="D43445C7C3C57B9B773D598C0DF2DD92" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13 rows areolae</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477731D0BC77F2DAACFDC6F560CC26CB">
<tableNote id="E3266B5F49F9CC0D2F3CE42D24EC1BD1">Note: “ Nd ” indicates no data available in the reference.</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="6AF04E7ACC925DAA9BE3D6A2321BA45A" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757" ID-publisher-id="150757" URI-arpha="49182C97-F5FF-54FD-94CC-52148053D6A1" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1750865511691" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Li, Yun, Lu, Lin-Xin, Zhou, Hui-Wen, Yu, Pan, Kociolek, John Patrick, Pang, Wan-Ting, Wang, Quan-Xi &amp; You, Qing-Min" docDate="2025" docId="233C8D096BE25097A314A5F236BF6C22" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 259: 81-102" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 259" docSource="https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/150757/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docTitle="Planothidium liboensis Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="102" masterDocId="49182C97F5FF54FD94CC52148053D6A1" masterDocTitle="Four new Planothidium species (Achnanthidiaceae, Bacillariophyceae) from the Karst region of Guizhou in China" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1750878129295" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:namePart id="0ECED5C36886EC01D904A66502F6593A">Lu, Lin-Xin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6DAC09F70D857EF07B1A72F42325C533">You, Qing-Min</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="902143E277240F36A76AC56D7664073E">2025</mods:date>
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<treatment id="233C8D096BE25097A314A5F236BF6C22" ID-arpha="233C8D09-6BE2-5097-A314-A5F236BF6C22" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:233C8D096BE25097A314A5F236BF6C22" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/233C8D096BE25097A314A5F236BF6C22" scope_class="Bacillariophyceae" scope_family="Achnanthidiaceae" scope_order="Achnanthales" scope_phylum="Bacillariophyta">
<subSubSection id="F6804E2DCF8DB0DD4F3615939A9B5EC0" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A4FAC5A63920B78B6ABB3391ACC3A3FD">
<taxonomicName id="17B7CEE47B0C230AE4613CB16AFAEB6E" authority="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liboensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="857F356839C11C0C2C797E103B2F7BE1" italics="true">Planothidium liboensis</emphasis>
Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3ED6D07897E3C7B248D48531B3C2B202" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="15A0FEB7C612A7EC7961B4A97D6CDB40" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD3DAAE7084BB53005F497CD99811077">
<figureCitation id="ACE7B45A98F0E7959921AFEDA68C4AD2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Planothidium liboensis sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361090">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D3A061A2ABF8B5A4DF62F5C1530B2F8A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Planothidium liboensis sp. nov SEM; A. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve; B. External view of an entire raphe valve; C. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. Scale bar as shown." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361091">4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EXMAG" type="Holotype">
<paragraph id="A82A7401E71AFF762A2913FCE8F5E9FD">
<heading id="2CAC1BF8BBA2A004C2A069D64F3E34D5" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="B899E99E0E221BA33B8F3D49FAC4E8A3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="44795FC1E964FDB7BA4E9169846E803D">
<materialsCitation id="3B084F8013AA3CE6C06CC727069B4192" collectingDate="2015-10-02" collectionCode="SHTU" collectorName="Wang Q. X. &amp; Kociolek J. P." country="China" county="Libo County" elevation="780" latitude="25.26" location="Libo County" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="107.75445" specimenCode="GZ 201510051" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guizhou Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="577703587350E82D8C4CE59D0707F081" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14014" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14014" name="Shanghai Teachers University" type="Herbarium">SHTU</collectionCode>
! Slide
<specimenCode id="65801F820883DC7316DCC946D7921370">GZ 201510051</specimenCode>
,
<typeStatus id="6470427A8B38A0E326BAA7EA3AD97F50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
illustrated in Fig.
<figureCitation id="9240B4EB890664E574612368D6F485D9" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Planothidium liboensis sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361090">3 F, N</figureCitation>
. Diatom samples are housed in the Lab of
<tp_taxon-name id="4B4B20EDE9D27B6BAD6D9A23C90E4589">
<tp_taxon-name-part id="3E6B1A9111B5EC891E21F429BC3F03B0" taxon-name-part-type="above-family">Algae</tp_taxon-name-part>
</tp_taxon-name>
and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, China.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGNAG" type="Isotype">
<paragraph id="8E4AED0A6F97AC71B6C813055E59F287">
<heading id="442D370A398154020A86F04947A303D9" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="DBC51C667652929309E3217C0850A5CB" type="isotype">Isotype</typeStatus>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="22D26BF77E9A4BEFF0FDE6DED9DA172F">
<materialsCitation id="A403ABB8B0C0AC68F08A00DB3CD5C940" collectingDate="2015-10-02" collectionCode="COLO" collectorName="Wang Q. X. &amp; Kociolek J. P." country="China" county="Libo County" elevation="780" latitude="25.26" location="Libo County" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="107.75445" specimenCode="11117" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guizhou Province" typeStatus="isotype">
<collectionCode id="E087383165DCAA97AF0F58B108F7C73E" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15540" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15540" name="University of Colorado Herbarium" type="Herbarium">COLO</collectionCode>
! Material
<specimenCode id="1F02A8D6C7B3C98B7A66AF642DA2C713">11117</specimenCode>
, Slides are housed in the Kociolek Collection, University of Colorado, Museum of Natural History Diatom Herbarium, Boulder, U. S. A.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELNAG" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="F6B26AAF68264CDAE22416E6E25F2CBD">
<heading id="02A8E0D3BF705710657D1DABE0D393E7" reason="title">Type locality.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="334F1823BF1A71DAD87AEF9EBBA2A08B">
<collectingCountry id="80F1ACF64E077ABAF989CD49B4D29274" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
. Xiaoqikong Scenic Area,
<collectingCounty id="1883D860F7EC4DCFEB499381BEA7FE52">Libo County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="BA600CBFCA1FE00898D030D31E3223D3" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou Province</collectingRegion>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EUNAG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[107.754444,25.260000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="958827F62462015CC01A89C2F57D5C15" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="25.26">25°15'36&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="17F0C831BCD82DE5D6E752BC7C2ADA9C" degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="16" value="107.75445">107°45'16&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
, altitude:
<quantity id="1655B11114BF48EDC130706CC4FA4219" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" unit="m" value="780.0">
<elevation id="77C9DE2BF2A54352032978AD5C9E5DB2" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" unit="m" value="780.0">780 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by
<collectorName id="6548945265C6FF91D665817D32DC9A2E">Wang Q. X.</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="2F485B6795EFB998506BF76C7922E90B">Kociolek J. P.</collectorName>
, on
<date id="DAECB37A60C540EA392D21D649D04807" value="2015-10-02">
<collectingDate id="FD53E4222EB12BCE1BF17DAAEB96E688" value="2015-10-02">October 2, 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZNAG" type="description">
<paragraph id="A5016B1F6F2D4DC7B634A1087AE82BBD">
<heading id="5D14013C0A74B049D5467F6F5B50D907" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="33F0F9B1D8C7AEB5914D439A52F8CD9B">
Light microscopy (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E6NAG" xlink_title="light microscopy">LM</abbrev>
) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C2F620E2E035A0F5B96CF2EAF20FB1BD" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Planothidium liboensis sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361090">3 A P</figureCitation>
). Valves elliptical with slightly constricted ends and rostrate extensions. Valve dimensions (n = 75): Length 1218 µm, width 57 µm. Rapheless Valve (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EHOAG" xlink_title="rapheless valve">SV</abbrev>
) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="61CD9E489CC748A514BDDFB52E23FA4A" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Planothidium liboensis sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361090">3 A H</figureCitation>
): Axial area narrow, straight, linear. Central area with a large, unilateral, horseshoe-shaped hyaline area containing a clearly visible cavum, on the opposite side, striae extend to the axial area. Striae radiate along the valve outline,
<quantity id="263D534B34133F8D05999C4FDF5EB0DC" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.937" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="3.81" unit="in" value="15.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.0">1516 in</quantity>
10 µm (measured opposite the cavum). Raphe Valve (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EPOAG" xlink_title="raphe valve">RV</abbrev>
) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="4D9FAD44303A594A6C29B66F124713C6" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Planothidium liboensis sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361090">3 I P</figureCitation>
): Axial area narrow, straight, and linear, widening slightly towards the central area. Central area irregular, rectangular to slightly rounded, bordered by 23 shortened, asymmetrical striae on each side. Raphe branches straight, with proximal raphe endings drop-like. Striae radiate along the valve outline,
<quantity id="D562D4A7B415A5F53386472597D20E13" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.937" metricValueMax="4.318" metricValueMin="3.556" unit="in" value="15.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="14.0">1417 in</quantity>
10 µm.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1274A1C31060D0180631D8ADD2AF6352" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure3" ID-arpha="4FD3A8A9-615B-54E3-AC76-3ACF443C6A92" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361090" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="CC6C774228E8C973E1E977FC848B0691">
<label id="15AD35A847B17D548C677089FD5121F8">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="577FC5DF66DF0D75F41CE12988AF0659">
<taxonomicName id="03BDF949ED30CE4FB962788701E67DB2" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liboensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B02DD3CDF18E4E191978D9F9B4B768AA" italics="true">Planothidium liboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F38D2794F6F4298E3EDEF3979625B927" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EKPAG" xlink_title="light microscopy">LM</abbrev>
;
<emphasis id="830363FBDF9F48E40DFFFD713BA87505" bold="true">A H.</emphasis>
Rapheless valves;
<emphasis id="00FA07FB9ED2542C3EF8785AC07CA241" bold="true">I P.</emphasis>
Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule.
<emphasis id="2969A671CC4010A4D0534E800CC2A595" bold="true">Q.</emphasis>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUPAG" xlink_title="scanning electron microscopy">SEM</abbrev>
external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (
<emphasis id="942665B64BF94644580D642D25EF99CF" bold="true">A P</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FFB5A775211B3CCFDDCEF39DA9EF1C1E">
Scanning electron microscopy (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EBQAG" xlink_title="scanning electron microscopy">SEM</abbrev>
) (Figs
<figureCitation id="3C90B47675406EF92A82272ACB7D3DDE" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Planothidium liboensis sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361090">3 Q</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5494A825E53DC95E3D4979AD1B801F81" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Planothidium liboensis sp. nov SEM; A. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve; B. External view of an entire raphe valve; C. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. Scale bar as shown." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361091">4 A C</figureCitation>
). Rapheless Valve (Figs
<figureCitation id="823E37FB7C69E7424667310A51885455" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Planothidium liboensis sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361090">3 Q</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8E2B025A5048D0830806F1EF97AAF323" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Planothidium liboensis sp. nov SEM; A. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve; B. External view of an entire raphe valve; C. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. Scale bar as shown." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361091">4 A</figureCitation>
): Striae composed of 4 to 5 rows of circular areolae, typically parallel to each other. Near the central area, striae often narrow to 3 areolae adjacent to the axial area. Striae extend onto the valve margin, and no areolae exist on the mantle. The axial area and central area exhibit irregular depressions. The cavum opening is broad, striae are distinctly wider than the virgae and sunken between them, areolae are covered by individual hymenes. Raphe Valve (Fig.
<figureCitation id="307FA4EB29808382CD7144C067B1E9D8" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Planothidium liboensis sp. nov SEM; A. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve; B. External view of an entire raphe valve; C. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. Scale bar as shown." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361091">4 B, C</figureCitation>
): Striae composed of 4 to 5 rows of circular areolae, with some striae consisting of 3 areolae near the axial area and valve margin. Striae extend onto the valve margin, and no areolae exist on the mantle. The central area typically displays 2 to 3 shortened areolae. Raphe branches are straight, with proximal raphe endings expanding into pores, surrounded by shallow, drop-like depressions. Distal raphe ends are curved in the same direction, briefly extending onto the mantle. Internally, proximal raphe endings are slightly deflected to the opposite side, distal raphe endings terminate in a small helictoglossa. The central nodule is raised, striae are markedly wider than the virgae and sunken between them, and areolae are covered by individual hymenes.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7E2DE249AE9CC099DD45D5EEEFC8EADC" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure4" ID-arpha="3E0BFB42-24CD-5A67-B2E9-9002365227F8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361091" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="52D66258F93D6799D934921A23B0EA3F">
<label id="128285FAAEB9ECFF1C449D4C0C0A3809">Figure 4.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="209F4B5A17C3588B49D818E9761DD2F1">
<taxonomicName id="AEE5C33B81561062225CBF192F522588" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liboensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FFCF8552FD67041664E9C3171F010AE0" italics="true">Planothidium liboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="25C9F8DB6C8E593297330BD1B6F88106" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EMRAG" xlink_title="scanning electron microscopy">SEM</abbrev>
;
<emphasis id="2F18BBC52F99B7B554F983BA330E66C7" bold="true">A.</emphasis>
Internal view of an entire rapheless valve;
<emphasis id="8591F1B303439CFCC9775480B1ED209C" bold="true">B.</emphasis>
External view of an entire raphe valve;
<emphasis id="EA8A3C000784C7C56308CD064CB4EFDD" bold="true">C.</emphasis>
Internal view of an entire raphe valve. Scale bar as shown.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2RAG" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="ECB5BDE2D2F32E3E136694C8BC016007">
<heading id="F1A24A76357267724AE562EF53F715FA" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="455E41628F601FAFE4565632267C1163">The species was named for the type locality, Libo County.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EASAG" type="PhycoBank registration">
<paragraph id="4D8220181A67D94142B2FE9D00E49449">
<heading id="940550927AB278E6806E5126A1B9A9BE" reason="title">PhycoBank registration.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9136AFE012B725DEDA5C2E8473838B37">
<ext-link id="57FAC1AAF72C691CBED94056696CECEA" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://phycobank.org/105528" xlink_type="simple">http://phycobank.org/105528</ext-link>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELSAG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="23201CEDD8D992C545E8E9B2DB6FD138">
<heading id="FC9B86735FA5E35A3B1BFE67912A6FED" reason="title">Distribution and ecology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F9DCB3EFC65595D33A2AF336534A78BF">
This species has currently only been found at its type locality, where it was collected from rocks and floating debris in ponds, as well as from rocks beneath a waterfall (water temperature 18.019.5 ° C, elevation
<quantity id="F81982CE349F3B5F05339D5402265C19" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.045" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="6.29" unit="m" value="704.5" valueMax="780.0" valueMin="629.0">629780 m</quantity>
). The species was observed in samples
<specimenCode id="5AF7549477D41404DA6738961E744FAE">GZ 201510045</specimenCode>
(1.0 %),
<specimenCode id="D0EAAF479833E2F60BFBB1461BBE624E">GZ 201510051</specimenCode>
(5.8 %), and
<specimenCode id="5B84C53165C74542C337ADC0C04FEB9E">GZ 201510066</specimenCode>
(1.5 %). In the type material (
<specimenCode id="E1D7E558A3A03F2946E098046F65F08A">GZ 201510051</specimenCode>
),
<taxonomicName id="1EE14FC90FCC2341131F5E9C82DEB977" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liboensis">
<emphasis id="0013E111165D8C4C3DB9B4F707CDACAC" italics="true">P. liboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibited a relatively high abundance. The associated diatom flora included
<taxonomicName id="528983E57ADF47052738603E93391000" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Sellaphoraceae" genus="Sellaphora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="23728B50E45A2249CC8E3988AC966145" italics="true">Sellaphora</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(15.5 %),
<taxonomicName id="7EB3EC00EEF02DB57B6549B7E616B388" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rostratum">
<emphasis id="C6FE30DC4120B7D965C4B9CA11B538F2" italics="true">Planothidium rostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(12.5 %),
<taxonomicName id="0CB051FB650D2BD901EA05145EFBB685" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Fallacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="8193D55FE700F6265BC4DA978CA900A6" italics="true">Fallacia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(5.0 %),
<taxonomicName id="B35F76EBCA793502880570FCEED2F8AB" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="minutissimum">
<emphasis id="BBA6D79C0EDB12BBC38521F65B6A62BB" italics="true">Achnanthidium minutissimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(5.0 %),
<taxonomicName id="977CB93F38376AD3B1B0DC0A138B60BA" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Nitzschia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palea">
<emphasis id="BDB455EA4E14942FFB3541B6C46B35C4" italics="true">Nitzschia palea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(5.0 %), and other taxa with lower abundance (less than 5 %) such as
<taxonomicName id="72491F93ED9275EE1B19EAE2EBB8B7BD" authority="(Cleve) Round &amp; Bukhtiyarova" authorityName="Round &amp; Bukhtiyarova" authorityYear="1996" baseAuthorityName="Cleve" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="ellipticum">
<emphasis id="2C8D1EF4826A29A55F38938CA2AF208B" italics="true">Planothidium ellipticum</emphasis>
(Cleve) Round &amp; Bukhtiyarova
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FF182BB19CC576242C30249C399CEFA1" authority="Wetzel, Ector, Van de Vijver, Compere &amp; Mann" authorityName="Wetzel, Ector, Van de Vijver, Compere &amp; Mann" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Sellaphoraceae" genus="Sellaphora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="1CB743E3C484007AAD20E872EEA241FC" italics="true">Sellaphora rotunda</emphasis>
Wetzel, Ector, Van de Vijver, Compère &amp; Mann
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0827B08A9CB2E3DA759A1782F287969A" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="D223058F8BABD8D66D3662181635AE5D" italics="true">Achnanthidium</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7D1511D604A10235D8D71A0E7F2FA38A" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="nyingchiensis">
<emphasis id="6314C5FBCE91BD61F9BF341F9BA9DB35" italics="true">Punctastriata nyingchiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4B37E0EACA2AB93806FEC6FBF3B0C68F" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1843" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Staurosira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="construens">
<emphasis id="D4D98C577DB17236DA61BE732865B4B0" italics="true">Staurosira construens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="496CBE32B8F7852DE491E2597C891985" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="placentula">
<emphasis id="DB25D2E574B2DCB6152015060228A9DA" italics="true">Cocconeis placentula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="69AF7A71B279A1910EB1535F00829F65" family="Paralichthyidae" genus="Platessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hustedtii">
<emphasis id="60A685628C9CCBFFD9407D07EC2BB00B" italics="true">Platessa hustedtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Additional ecological information is presented in Table
<tableCitation id="9BDDB706E88D64A0DD20263BD439942C" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Locality data and habitat for samples studied." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2BD29B7201C06BD8B17DCE107E54EE96" tableUuid="2BD29B7201C06BD8B17DCE107E54EE96">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EYWAG" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="6DF010AF37DCBB4C06D224CEBF13EE85">
<heading id="44F1EC5C751BC1B8313D0B444A0C7A6A" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4FC17F5B544A553F9E765633DF93365C">
In
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5WAG" xlink_title="light microscopy">LM</abbrev>
,
<taxonomicName id="25A4F40E7BD04022CA3C7B4DD7F7EF74" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liboensis">
<emphasis id="F82836E0F1824EF3AAACFF37E6202E63" italics="true">P. liboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="79C67C6CA79F8FF9F1C1E7995900CF04" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rostratum">
<emphasis id="EE27A6673475F0AC7B221CB03116B116" italics="true">P. rostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="0A5488AA91551F9E54726ECFDB358F2D" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="xinguense">
<emphasis id="3E8B016C7D8E298ADC43FC7E8127F4B4" italics="true">P. xinguense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibit broadly similar valve outlines, and all display a cavum. However,
<taxonomicName id="8ECDCAF3B9C251B77FAD08B74FAB64A4" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liboensis">
<emphasis id="1A38CA8EA4A7A3D5D13F6949378D8966" italics="true">P. liboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other taxa by the following features: (1)
<taxonomicName id="15FC602E2A1DD4DC4A1BFF7F88A9BDB9" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liboensis">
<emphasis id="8B3B3142BF3C64246146B9676C70910A" italics="true">P. liboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a denser arrangement of striae, typically consisting of 45 rows of similarly-sized round areolae, and the striae are distinctly wider than the virgae. In contrast, the striae of
<taxonomicName id="2B72F9AA063F831CC8DDE11759845DFA" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rostratum">
<emphasis id="CF172F397759028D40FFB443B951DFBB" italics="true">P. rostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the rapheless valve consist of 34 rows of areolae, where the two middle rows are smaller than the outer rows. The striae of
<taxonomicName id="37803B6C2166CDE3773BC0B58B184C1B" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="xinguense">
<emphasis id="9857D85EE4E6D844FAFF59919BC0BFCD" italics="true">P. xinguense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in rapheless valve are composed of 13 rows of areolae; (2) The central area of rapheless valve in
<taxonomicName id="AC934E49EDB7EE7806A40A03409B2B46" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liboensis">
<emphasis id="4BD42B84BEAC6033CE27D5FCD8BC5666" italics="true">P. liboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits distinctive irregularly shaped shallow depressions, whereas
<taxonomicName id="78229E5772C3F6FC47D6478FD9ACEC47" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rostratum">
<emphasis id="94DC7F6FF5CA5584A36C35E970CFF6F0" italics="true">P. rostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
features shallow, slit-like depressions.
<taxonomicName id="8EAFDD45953EE7442D8383164D5A7B39" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="xinguense">
<emphasis id="891DAF7E24E02B4ADDDA739FDCCB0229" italics="true">P. xinguense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also exhibits irregularly shaped shallow depressions in the central area, but their shape differs from those in
<taxonomicName id="EFE6DC432CD04A761AEC688286E1601F" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liboensis">
<emphasis id="C1CD70FF90664A82132C298A63B7D9AB" italics="true">P. liboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Additionally,
<taxonomicName id="819EDE67E495D1B15840B724A0BB0557" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="xinguense">
<emphasis id="EFB3B0FD6701B4E63EA150D16A6E422C" italics="true">P. xinguense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has slit-like depressions in the axial area; (3) compared to
<taxonomicName id="CC137B883EFCBD839A703017ACBDB81A" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rostratum">
<emphasis id="4191D55782E30BEA3BFB3403B7B9B89D" italics="true">P. rostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the cavum of
<taxonomicName id="D4E58FD934867BAA9D6C849C0B714FF0" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liboensis">
<emphasis id="903C1B141660A9B6D2DE40B46A5C077D" italics="true">P. liboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a more open aperture; (4) compared to
<taxonomicName id="862BB736DE72DE9EDB65EDFABFC7A286" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="xinguense">
<emphasis id="E135A85E579C02A2E532E10147267CE4" italics="true">P. xinguense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="961780949A19A6699B5FDD00C2EAF59E" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liboensis">
<emphasis id="AD8910DEB9687DAC6CD37D19BF08E399" italics="true">P. liboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits weaker striae radiation and a narrower central area on the rapheless valve.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -1,95 +1,95 @@
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<mods:title id="72ADE67608CE27586EEE6E1B259C1A43">Four new Planothidium species (Achnanthidiaceae, Bacillariophyceae) from the Karst region of Guizhou in China</mods:title>
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. Diatom samples are housed in the
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Normal University,
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.
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<taxonomicName id="32CE462EF3A8686740966AA17AACDDB3" authorityName="Li &amp; Lu &amp; Zhou &amp; Yu &amp; Kociolek &amp; Pang &amp; Wang &amp; You" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="angustirostratum" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="32CE462EF3A8686740966AA17AACDDB3" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="angustirostratum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="704493BC94508F438F71C63497FC1654" italics="true">Planothidium angustirostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B76C39412A47AD6FD523EDA890D3029" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -169,11 +160,12 @@ external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6DE745347232DC9C7001B889E2D13C80">
<materialsCitation id="D9F225820B0CC3A5A804B173FCF049EF" collectingDate="2015-10-02" collectionCode="COLO" collectorName="Wang Q. X. &amp; Kociolek J. P." country="China" county="Libo County" elevation="780" latitude="25.26" location="Xiaoqikong Scenic Area" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="107.75445" specimenCode="11117" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guizhou Province" typeStatus="isotype">
<collectionCode id="5F0F70DE90469EC7E7943B067A0F050D" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15540" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15540" name="University of Colorado Herbarium" type="Herbarium">COLO</collectionCode>
! Material 11117, Slides are housed in the Kociolek Collection, University of
<collectingRegion id="E3E21BD6A3C41DA08DC57495F9B4BAE4" country="United States of America" name="Colorado">Colorado</collectingRegion>
, Museum of Natural History Diatom Herbarium, Boulder,
<collectingCountry id="5C89E9C3BFD66A4D89CE0D1676EBA99F" name="United States of America">U. S. A.</collectingCountry>
! Material
<specimenCode id="9DEF0C8B0F9AEE59210F55C617CF2539">11117</specimenCode>
, Slides are housed in the Kociolek Collection, University of Colorado, Museum of Natural History Diatom Herbarium, Boulder, U. S. A.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E36AG" type="type locality">
@ -181,19 +173,33 @@ external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10
<heading id="9FB68695AD19EACF1D72E547B6628862" reason="title">Type locality.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D2C9BEF5BED7B80DE398ACEB137D0165">
<materialsCitation id="5A5144382834E249DB32E5EB984B2EBB" collectingDate="2015-10-02" collectorName="Wang Q. X. &amp; Kociolek J. P." country="China" county="Libo County" elevation="780" latitude="25.26" location="Xiaoqikong Scenic Area" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="107.75445" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guizhou Province">
<collectingCountry id="24068723FA0BD425F933B374A3ACED25" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
. Xiaoqikong Scenic Area, Libo County,
.
<location id="1B9717A570928E9434884C2800BC0110" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:50A32D8078865F32AC92846E8B398F8E:1B9717A570928E9434884C2800BC0110" country="China" county="Libo County" latitude="25.26" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="107.75445" name="Xiaoqikong Scenic Area" stateProvince="Guizhou Province">Xiaoqikong Scenic Area</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="1A17D881FF84E0F25DA7AC0430976254">Libo County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="D808C09F7A5CED8F69A23E3A21D190E8" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou Province</collectingRegion>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EFABG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[107.754444,25.260000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="9E4EFE9F660584A6107D5D0EFBEC64CA" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="25.26">25 ° 15 ' 36 &quot; N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9E4EFE9F660584A6107D5D0EFBEC64CA" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="25.26">25°15'36&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E48611365CE16C2B916472B6D693D3A8" degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="16" value="107.75445">107 ° 45 ' 16 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E48611365CE16C2B916472B6D693D3A8" degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="16" value="107.75445">107°45'16&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
, altitude:
<quantity id="4369B40B88696170C188D72683EC4C5D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" unit="m" value="780.0">780 m</quantity>
, collected by Wang Q. X. &amp; Kociolek J. P., on
<date id="18C3765937C9D48FFC1A9E3282AEB542" value="2015-10-02">October 2, 2015</date>
<quantity id="4369B40B88696170C188D72683EC4C5D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" unit="m" value="780.0">
<elevation id="38B5E1403A806F6BE96B6BE8463CE1E4" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" unit="m" value="780.0">780 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by
<collectorName id="5F6C3915288A0747CB2890AC1C48300E">Wang Q. X.</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="EA948667962D4455F7707CABD12B937A">Kociolek J. P.</collectorName>
, on
<date id="18C3765937C9D48FFC1A9E3282AEB542" value="2015-10-02">
<collectingDate id="15B3D44784D5A0CF5FF1539887319227" value="2015-10-02">October 2, 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
@ -218,9 +224,7 @@ Light microscopy (
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF59C97A2BBA21C512829CE5F44FAF0F">
Scanning electron microscopy (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECBBG" xlink_title="scanning electron microscopy">
<collectionCode id="7D679B4EB34EA0E5FBA010E151AC9A1F">SEM</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECBBG" xlink_title="scanning electron microscopy">SEM</abbrev>
) (Figs
<figureCitation id="0E131C3D65895CEC267BF04C381211E4" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Planothidium angustirostratum sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361092">5 Q</figureCitation>
,
@ -238,7 +242,7 @@ Scanning electron microscopy (
<label id="EA24B1C1FCC10C980754C752875E8BCF">Figure 6.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="28662595DDF8922A85E3C63FB1C5FCA0">
<taxonomicName id="C2D6A474DB770076CD41CF40678523AE" authorityName="Li &amp; Lu &amp; Zhou &amp; Yu &amp; Kociolek &amp; Pang &amp; Wang &amp; You" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="angustirostratum" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="C2D6A474DB770076CD41CF40678523AE" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="angustirostratum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0912EC7301ADB81718EB042D8B2D42A2" italics="true">Planothidium angustirostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FF15C5ECDA6691B1DCC85DAAA5FFB549" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -272,16 +276,12 @@ Internal view of an entire raphe valve. Scale bar as shown.
<heading id="7CDCB1B871313E8F9BCBF8C58358E05E" reason="title">Distribution and ecology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="70BDB8DA17C27BBDCCD5A04B2A723557">
This species has currently only been found at its
<typeStatus id="54CE288AF35C41324C1D941A48BF5392">type</typeStatus>
locality, where it was collected from floating debris in a pond (water temperature 18.0 ° C, elevation
This species has currently only been found at its type locality, where it was collected from floating debris in a pond (water temperature 18.0 ° C, elevation
<quantity id="4A92D0F95C45449A4AEA846F84BBF9D3" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" unit="m" value="780.0">780 m</quantity>
). The species was observed only in sample (
<collectionCode id="AD24135CC08E89D4C1E5A65B74AF07A5">GZ</collectionCode>
201510051) at a low relative abundance (0.75 %). In the
<typeStatus id="5F5B904A2072C3A0261FAC5BFB75182B">type</typeStatus>
material,
<taxonomicName id="F5F92F5B83F8622A85A42B2DF4C835C3" authorityName="Li &amp; Lu &amp; Zhou &amp; Yu &amp; Kociolek &amp; Pang &amp; Wang &amp; You" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="angustirostratum">
<specimenCode id="75DC1F9E5A626C44847C69966CBBB155">GZ 201510051</specimenCode>
) at a low relative abundance (0.75 %). In the type material,
<taxonomicName id="F5F92F5B83F8622A85A42B2DF4C835C3" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="angustirostratum">
<emphasis id="DAF3D461B74967AF1598BE624FF513BC" italics="true">P. angustirostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was rare. The associated diatom flora included
@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ sp.
<emphasis id="109C593BB1BE22540151D6F3EC012EF3" italics="true">Planothidium rostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(12.5 %),
<taxonomicName id="3E8951A7878B76853260F499335B8FB9" authorityName="Li &amp; Lu &amp; Zhou &amp; Yu &amp; Kociolek &amp; Pang &amp; Wang &amp; You" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liboensis">
<taxonomicName id="3E8951A7878B76853260F499335B8FB9" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liboensis">
<emphasis id="03CD149AD79AAEE11A7FB39CB0852BB1" italics="true">Planothidium liboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(5.75 %),
@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ spp.
Due to the broadly similar valve outline in
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EKIBG" xlink_title="light microscopy">LM</abbrev>
and the presence of a cavum,
<taxonomicName id="808B2993CF4CFFC2F8098CB28FA23B27" authorityName="Li &amp; Lu &amp; Zhou &amp; Yu &amp; Kociolek &amp; Pang &amp; Wang &amp; You" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="angustirostratum" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="808B2993CF4CFFC2F8098CB28FA23B27" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="angustirostratum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6B8EAB2108BAEB89E10CDC8B378AA641" italics="true">Planothidium angustirostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="845998B8AE1FD089C7237D6EE175ABEE" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ Lange-Bertalot &amp; Bąk
(Table
<tableCitation id="A06A66792525E5D732C286C3E04E0DA8" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Comparison of morphological characteristics of Planothidium angustirostratum sp. nov. and closely related taxa." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/39475D37101659B6E73BE21D40EFD497" tableUuid="39475D37101659B6E73BE21D40EFD497">3</tableCitation>
). In addition to differences in striae density and valve length and width,
<taxonomicName id="D056F65E706C12835916E78563CB8711" authorityName="Li &amp; Lu &amp; Zhou &amp; Yu &amp; Kociolek &amp; Pang &amp; Wang &amp; You" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="angustirostratum" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="D056F65E706C12835916E78563CB8711" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="angustirostratum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A97583D8014BB09356B50224387DF230" italics="true">Planothidium angustirostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="138F069C83B9A671875003419252195F" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ and
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="167186976BAC151C6394B3A011860CC5">
Comparison of morphological characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="006A71639E168D3D001AA27A4E47FB44" authorityName="Li &amp; Lu &amp; Zhou &amp; Yu &amp; Kociolek &amp; Pang &amp; Wang &amp; You" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="angustirostratum" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="006A71639E168D3D001AA27A4E47FB44" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="angustirostratum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F81854FFE837E66948B7D9F865435A1A" italics="true">Planothidium angustirostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F79BED3C3E94061C4BC4C7F709379ACF" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ and closely related taxa.
<tr id="BE4F5678DB3AFF6CCB69FAE61FEFA1E7">
<th id="69801EBEE72D87308DCD8AB9FA33E582" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th id="EC3332589E8FF1CD478952B40271C476" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="39693D443A9134E1A008CD463730ED0D" authorityName="Li &amp; Lu &amp; Zhou &amp; Yu &amp; Kociolek &amp; Pang &amp; Wang &amp; You" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="angustirostratum" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="39693D443A9134E1A008CD463730ED0D" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="angustirostratum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C0A17D8A67D7D6AE70958E2043A2ABA8" italics="true">Planothidium angustirostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3582E2093C7BAC569680F97D467DF9C5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
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<mods:title id="DB5B76014337E666CE3BF8DF70A332E7">Four new Planothidium species (Achnanthidiaceae, Bacillariophyceae) from the Karst region of Guizhou in China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="03AE5350DB20A314096A5EE29A4556ED">Li, Yun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="65163BD7A28736AA03265D94512D1A30">Lu, Lin-Xin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AA42E8015D64E124DD5792B9B51D66E6">Kociolek, John Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="35D9C2096F0B039AD04E4BE90E41FD96">Pang, Wan-Ting</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="656525150343F4C2409B4829C778AC40" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4231-4046</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="42EA5216C40F5B656F444E4B76EEC398">College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="EBEBDCB774F7E0F935DA8C1AF70AD1AC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E6A6B2596A48D2CB14D864C4AF1B891A">
<mods:roleTerm id="82D18EAC67B5E411C51514776C530505">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8EB3B80953A3C6ECF5B147CEFEF2F755">Wang, Quan-Xi</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D1D8EF716DC8836F2ADC278B5271DDDF" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0317-6613</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="D700535A2A0298C80E41207C0DAF9455">College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6F19EFBF4A86821125F11E78A656BA10" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FF50D91556C72D8DD31008E0390C6C10">
<mods:roleTerm id="1C96FB0816B7523AADB10E136625C4D2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2F1A37394C4A54F6CF8DB2A7E8D86CCD">You, Qing-Min</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D89C0B607F549BC1638FA87D9D4147B6" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5538-8503</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A0A1B978522EC2B9DC6428E32FADF3E6">College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="F9DAD7E77FB723E98883EC68BDEF6271">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="D047A29C381FA3D27F8F7715F9A68672">
<mods:title id="ED7C20A17E6E3A48FEA3974FCB19FCB6">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="83CA6AABC1AC5A7E26368E048906535A">
<mods:date id="7914DDBD8A1533886DD095C38D4F7FCA">2025</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="29A3882B20AA67658C0435591466B13D" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="6003B81A2DA09A7942297F3EAF3347BE">2025-06-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B58BA073FF731E28729CAF0D360D65F1">259</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="92F5E775AA0192EB6F2BB7FB22367633">81</mods:start>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="5194FDFB6858DD66F7D9B09107C829CD">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F413A26E2424191472F902A85622BC81" type="DOI">10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="C92B2E999C1F5D70A6AC6EF828CC24C1" ID-arpha="C92B2E99-9C1F-5D70-A6AC-6EF828CC24C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C92B2E999C1F5D70A6AC6EF828CC24C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C92B2E999C1F5D70A6AC6EF828CC24C1" scope_class="Bacillariophyceae" scope_family="Achnanthidiaceae" scope_order="Achnanthales" scope_phylum="Bacillariophyta">
<subSubSection id="104FFA2891BB783D9C982FDE532AA288" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="575C3CA7A5A20D2EE097478BD7F6E592">
<taxonomicName id="FB22D25BE3FE4481C5F547CF815952B6" authority="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="maolanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="77CFB75AAFA0F561E941713FE8C4CEF3" italics="true">Planothidium maolanensis</emphasis>
Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B576B3E01A4AF66044D0CFF267BF4283" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9B67C924E45231AA8CAC1B133848078" type="description">
<paragraph id="5798BFFF82CF2BC57DD299B1034920B9">
<figureCitation id="657AE225B785B4046735E53803F85D10" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Planothidium maolanensis sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361094">Figs 7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA9DAB6CBE2D3DD5246A8C71F3C7BD6D" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Planothidium maolanensis sp. nov SEM; A. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. The white arrow points to a distinctly wider virgae; B. External view of an entire raphe valve. White arrows indicate the areolae on the mantle. C. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. Scale bar as shown." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361095">8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EXYBG" type="Holotype">
<paragraph id="7C8E6C2882C86363463916151D5B4CA6">
<heading id="50A2EF2FC8C0C99B6535CCAC8D1D06E3" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="8D5A1888F0A1DBBFD5B62E6D1BBEDBD1" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="94240C9114CA52CC56CEACDC036F6FF3">
<materialsCitation id="5F867162A53E6F13B9E189901D39DEC9" collectingDate="2015-10-04" collectionCode="SHTU" collectorName="Kociolek J. P. &amp; Wang Q. X." country="China" county="Libo County" elevation="650" latitude="25.292221" location="Maolan Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="108.07111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guizhou Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="45E94D2AF04E8DBE8A0D81FB732F544A" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14014" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14014" name="Shanghai Teachers University" type="Herbarium">SHTU</collectionCode>
! Slide
<specimenCode id="428C17A29E12DD1BBFDA6ED2EE473110">GZ 201510099</specimenCode>
,
<typeStatus id="CA03E863B7E8AE0670A1084E50009368" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
illustrated in Fig.
<figureCitation id="6856FD825C4C6144FD2BC5B40B09EF69" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Planothidium maolanensis sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361094">7 D, L</figureCitation>
. Diatom samples are housed in the
<location id="E4DD38AD0DDCDD65DB175D7040437863" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C92B2E999C1F5D70A6AC6EF828CC24C1:E4DD38AD0DDCDD65DB175D7040437863" country="China" municipality="College of Life Sciences" name="Lab of Algae" stateProvince="Shanghai">
Lab of
<tp_taxon-name id="60CDC7667208475A4A4D561C4AC3CD4C">
<tp_taxon-name-part id="A58588DC954E16CCD02AA8F2CF463A5C" taxon-name-part-type="above-family">Algae</tp_taxon-name-part>
</tp_taxon-name>
</location>
and Environment,
<collectingMunicipality id="8C0A0D55DFE0B4BD48B9E211ED2602B1">College of Life Sciences</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="8D6DA8E567C4D7C45892234E5389CF39" country="China" name="Shanghai">Shanghai</collectingRegion>
Normal University,
<collectingCountry id="328AEC5BF23551B974517F8676DAF021" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="E128C8E9F8C58FE1F4BA4D265B6B3620" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure7" ID-arpha="80271B8B-6010-571A-8E79-B42F6BF0B7C5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361094" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="D6E65EE2A7675B0B5AA24E2EF17BAC29">
<label id="1B3104A909E55A17279A0652B237C55B">Figure 7.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A60E1E53F5A9C1957A29B7C1B34383D0">
<taxonomicName id="86FD2BB12DDACD35C214F1BD04AD2988" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="maolanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="185AEBDBA49D7AB0661B85ACAB02676E" italics="true">Planothidium maolanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FAF2F26208CB869A861288D0B43E9C84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZZBG" xlink_title="light microscopy">LM</abbrev>
;
<emphasis id="16B5147043BFD15A6FF5C22B64F31312" bold="true">A H.</emphasis>
Rapheless valves;
<emphasis id="7BBF3C8B3358E60099082D4FD19D9011" bold="true">I P.</emphasis>
Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule.
<emphasis id="B78DF6364C3D54DE084AFE53510B71AF" bold="true">Q.</emphasis>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ED1BG" xlink_title="scanning electron microscopy">SEM</abbrev>
external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (
<emphasis id="1AAAE53273FBE9294877A47D3976D870" bold="true">A P</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EO1BG" type="Isotype">
<paragraph id="5206D219E82D8AF6CADF96A23E662C11">
<heading id="0DF26AED2B9BDBCB7CCE3A0382096340" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="AC37A2E77ED2BA35113E20AAB8E9C476" type="isotype">Isotype</typeStatus>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9ACE362F355CB27E615C4ED7E1C7E035">
<materialsCitation id="981658BDF2A6F907D1EC26C5BCCDC30A" collectingDate="2015-10-04" collectionCode="COLO" collectorName="Kociolek J. P. &amp; Wang Q. X." country="China" county="Libo County" elevation="650" latitude="25.292221" location="Maolan Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="108.07111" specimenCode="11165" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guizhou Province" typeStatus="isotype">
<collectionCode id="8A4BE129842DD2C04A07F31C26DCD90D" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15540" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15540" name="University of Colorado Herbarium" type="Herbarium">COLO</collectionCode>
! Material
<specimenCode id="308AB9DDD720D136825E87D5A5EA9AD0">11165</specimenCode>
, Slides are housed in the Kociolek Collection, University of Colorado, Museum of Natural History Diatom Herbarium, Boulder, U. S. A.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ET1BG" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="6AD2B2176DEE5FDE7BD6A4B1DCED9613">
<heading id="E65851E13BAB6AAE4D0D2C042411FCCF" reason="title">Type locality.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D978A391A9472FEC44EA20C3848886AE">
<materialsCitation id="5A4B41791FF30D34039B209DBC416479" collectingDate="2015-10-04" collectorName="Kociolek J. P. &amp; Wang Q. X." country="China" county="Libo County" elevation="650" latitude="25.292221" location="Maolan Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="108.07111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guizhou Province">
<collectingCountry id="5530A5E55417B44965CFBFFA379F3544" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
.
<location id="14EBEC15DE5EF97CD7F47128472CEC3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C92B2E999C1F5D70A6AC6EF828CC24C1:14EBEC15DE5EF97CD7F47128472CEC3E" country="China" county="Libo County" latitude="25.292221" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="108.07111" name="Maolan Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Guizhou Province">Maolan Nature Reserve</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="1E0B36DD4387035D13F0C6CF1038866E">Libo County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="D9FFA03B920CCB428095594833BCB44A" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou Province</collectingRegion>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E31BG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[108.071111,25.292222]}">
<geoCoordinate id="C6F026FA7D683DB052BCCC67511F6AD8" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="32" value="25.292221">25°17'32&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="641A42F8002250C57AF9F667B34B9590" degrees="108" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="16" value="108.07111">108°04'16&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
, altitude:
<quantity id="E033E40D6A6139125BCB4ACC84221C22" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" unit="m" value="650.0">
<elevation id="4F399104E1128895F72606C11B4BE412" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by
<collectorName id="5D9FC00682A7C28AE7664FAAC4899A07">Kociolek J. P.</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="9874915E4B4F0E6FCFB4B6C9811CC60C">Wang Q. X.</collectorName>
, on
<date id="2F1528F53CFCBA004E8C13E1CF6BC4E0" value="2015-10-04">
<collectingDate id="2E95F84EBB64AC1140B78D186DB0913F" value="2015-10-04">October 4, 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EB2BG" type="description">
<paragraph id="CCD70C3A5D46FC9B86BDC71C4924896C">
<heading id="88FFBE172DBC3B17B4185A857730B717" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="88B26212C0FBC99F092928AE0B55DB97">
Light microscopy (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EH2BG" xlink_title="light microscopy">LM</abbrev>
) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="64DC3D163650FC86915205B72BEA72FA" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Planothidium maolanensis sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361094">7 A P</figureCitation>
). Valves elliptical, with rounded ends not extended. Valve dimensions (n = 50): Length 9.518.0 µm, width 5.57.5 µm. Rapheless Valve (Fig.
<figureCitation id="4F6949E24FE5F73EC8BA0A37BAB59B4B" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Planothidium maolanensis sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361094">7 A H</figureCitation>
): Axial area linear-lanceolate, with central area slightly broadened. One side of the central area has two striae with widened spacing, opposite side striae slightly shortened. Striae weakly radiate along the valve outline, narrowing towards axial area,
<quantity id="BF0322E5E0A9CD5765434B44B1E2F189" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="2.54" unit="in" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">1012 in</quantity>
10 µm (measured opposite hyaline area). Raphe Valve (Fig.
<figureCitation id="96FE7921CB9535375131931B7549F685" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Planothidium maolanensis sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361094">7 I P</figureCitation>
): Axial area linear-lanceolate, slightly widened in the central area. Central area subcircular, bordered by 23 slightly shortened striae on each side. One side of the central area has two striae with widened spacing. Striae radiate weakly,
<quantity id="DF6E2C923F837E1923927CE835040BF0" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="2.54" unit="in" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">1012 in</quantity>
10 µm. Raphe branches straight, occasionally slightly curved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F6C55D940BC2BE1A8225ED5798A1D15A">
Scanning electron microscopy (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZ2BG" xlink_title="scanning electron microscopy">SEM</abbrev>
) (Figs
<figureCitation id="F1BC871A9A3AC309C82D0810C360A296" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Planothidium maolanensis sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361094">7 Q</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A8758A20D04D7095D28F3CD4C1943BCD" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Planothidium maolanensis sp. nov SEM; A. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. The white arrow points to a distinctly wider virgae; B. External view of an entire raphe valve. White arrows indicate the areolae on the mantle. C. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. Scale bar as shown." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361095">8 A C</figureCitation>
). Rapheless Valve (Figs
<figureCitation id="32F39785006B255DF4408110416FDA53" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Planothidium maolanensis sp. nov. LM; A H. Rapheless valves; I P. Raphe valves. “ = ” indicates the different valves of the same frustule. Q. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve, scale bar as shown. Scale bars: 10 µm (A P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361094">7 Q</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6FCC62D40C99A4156818F3F1C06ADA8F" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Planothidium maolanensis sp. nov SEM; A. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. The white arrow points to a distinctly wider virgae; B. External view of an entire raphe valve. White arrows indicate the areolae on the mantle. C. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. Scale bar as shown." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361095">8 A</figureCitation>
): Striae composed of 45 rows of circular areolae, markedly narrow near the axial area, reducing to 23 rows of areolae, striae almost extend onto the valve margin, and some areolae exist on the mantle. Irregular depressions present on the axial area, central area and even on the virgae. Internally, areolae covered. Virgae widen gradually from the ends towards the center, with striae sunken between virgae, a distinctly wider virgae present on one side of the central area (Fig.
<figureCitation id="33AEA221C3B7CB2E0B41E8CB369DA0C2" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Planothidium maolanensis sp. nov SEM; A. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. The white arrow points to a distinctly wider virgae; B. External view of an entire raphe valve. White arrows indicate the areolae on the mantle. C. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. Scale bar as shown." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361095">8 A</figureCitation>
, White arrow). Raphe Valve (Fig.
<figureCitation id="3045E450153D9593CC09E6039AD9BB9D" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Planothidium maolanensis sp. nov SEM; A. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. The white arrow points to a distinctly wider virgae; B. External view of an entire raphe valve. White arrows indicate the areolae on the mantle. C. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. Scale bar as shown." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361095">8 B, C</figureCitation>
): Striae composed of 56 rows of small circular areolae, markedly narrowing near the central area, reducing to 23 rows of areolae. striae dont extend onto the valve margin, and some areolae exist on the mantle (Fig.
<figureCitation id="1319677C5812554A524D36F64417BE54" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Planothidium maolanensis sp. nov SEM; A. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. The white arrow points to a distinctly wider virgae; B. External view of an entire raphe valve. White arrows indicate the areolae on the mantle. C. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. Scale bar as shown." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361095">8 B</figureCitation>
, White arrows). Raphe branches straight, occasionally slightly curved. Externally, proximal raphe endings expand into pores, distal raphe ends are curved in the same direction, and extend onto the mantle. Internally, proximal raphe endings slightly deflected to the opposite side, and distal raphe endings terminate in a small helictoglossa. Internally, areolae covered individually by membranes, striae sunken between virgae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C6472048E879A780754583AC22DBA78C" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.259.150757.figure8" ID-arpha="37E20A96-04CD-566F-97FD-3888CF4E7797" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1361095" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="99CCDA750ADB2848890EEB7F59D46823">
<label id="2E2C2DC9A97A2557CDEE75BA26A696ED">Figure 8.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC18386770F7C511D4949B4381207435">
<taxonomicName id="E370C9A480206143A8B399A0112BE87C" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="maolanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5E6ADF26BCE85D5BC87EBB4A9C98350D" italics="true">Planothidium maolanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ED52E7F6209D43FDD81B44FF7D6DE3C2" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EM4BG" xlink_title="scanning electron microscopy">SEM</abbrev>
;
<emphasis id="6AFDED29E6B6149F0334A0109D9B8B1E" bold="true">A.</emphasis>
Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. The white arrow points to a distinctly wider virgae;
<emphasis id="4E400F4230EF4662329232EF70152366" bold="true">B.</emphasis>
External view of an entire raphe valve. White arrows indicate the areolae on the mantle.
<emphasis id="86ECE110FEFE091ED127FA6F93F38E9F" bold="true">C.</emphasis>
Internal view of an entire raphe valve. Scale bar as shown.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E24BG" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="5DAFD4EA8E23C57C29334D617D1B33AB">
<heading id="FF503A4CD1421D35D38C70F4875D240D" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BBD4FE7C33BC75D2997B6061C8A30CEF">The species was named for the Maolan Nature Reserve, where the type specimen was collected.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EA5BG" type="PhycoBank registration">
<paragraph id="56C942660B28274C52C856E97BF176B5">
<heading id="7A889CD6B9077440E5B37EC8675B5490" reason="title">PhycoBank registration.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DFB1A36092E4808EDCD21A9C3B49EFDF">
<ext-link id="F455AE5B94C71F94B4C7F5D6FDC681FE" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://phycobank.org/105530" xlink_type="simple">http://phycobank.org/105530</ext-link>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EL5BG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="455607017C8DB6BC25D3C7713BF6587B">
<heading id="4C6D854D0450FD2DA8C6ECBDB3D5A12D" reason="title">Distribution and ecology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7DAB95B16D4DDC2F7822071FE26178B1">
This species has currently only been found at its type locality, where it was collected from rocks in a subsurface stream and in rapidly flowing river water (water temperature 18.0 ° C, elevation
<quantity id="D20A4DF48F7571E6A6C77A4D6178D731" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.305" metricValueMax="8.11" metricValueMin="6.5" unit="m" value="730.5" valueMax="811.0" valueMin="650.0">650811 m</quantity>
). The species was observed in samples
<specimenCode id="701A8A1E4186EF892F6C4173E6DA61F2">GZ 201510099</specimenCode>
(3.75 %),
<specimenCode id="D88A23320821D0818D0BE360A9231AAC">GZ 201510100</specimenCode>
(0.25 %), and
<specimenCode id="FFB73501812465895B6860AFED1013DE">GZ 2015108</specimenCode>
(0.75 %). In the type material (
<specimenCode id="AFC04372F1D8D665317A08EE2DB58FE6">GZ 201510099</specimenCode>
),
<taxonomicName id="E4239A7C2C6D492CF102FE73ADA1B6EE" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="maolanensis">
<emphasis id="22ACD5065B2146A0A4A57199ECB1CA17" italics="true">P. maolanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was rare. The associated diatom flora included
<taxonomicName id="B6D0BA5BF58A2C53CDE92261618D1A3E" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="placentula">
<emphasis id="BCAB6750A3CFFE58ADE352530583E81F" italics="true">Cocconeis placentula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(23.0 %),
<taxonomicName id="91A49F927A17F3D834419238FB605E9B" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="delmontii">
<emphasis id="F9B85631121503A8F28343F851717D6E" italics="true">Achnanthidium delmontii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(7.5 %),
<taxonomicName id="89124E59346A596206AF1C8B8A4C4967" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Navicula" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lundii">
<emphasis id="D72C55BF2754B577FDE4FA1CBA77BD74" italics="true">Navicula lundii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(7.5 %),
<taxonomicName id="08E95DD31641086154E9551DCE24F965" authority="Lange-Bertalot" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Navicula" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="antonii">
<emphasis id="E9809DF7104157A99EC281531ED4F459" italics="true">Navicula antonii</emphasis>
Lange-Bertalot
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="ABDF107DEAD851D75AFCA7BB8CE692A9" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Navicula" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="51E791AFD992526977D39712202D41EF" italics="true">Navicula</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(6.0 %),
<taxonomicName id="37DCD970CFD0E42873F1BB54AE2E0AF4" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="minutissimum">
<emphasis id="434EF2FEEBE039D480FB3A373528C687" italics="true">Achnanthidium minutissimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(5.5 %), and other taxa with lower abundance (less than 5 %) such as
<taxonomicName id="80A5ECF5F836A0FA29802EB6D690F9C5" family="Paralichthyidae" genus="Platessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hustedtii">
<emphasis id="B896BFEE232275C8BED826B72260CC77" italics="true">Platessa hustedtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A1A6E07D203D43552EEFFF25E6BEF047" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="9158674E8CCF53200A6426CEEF506CA3" italics="true">Achnanthidium</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8AE1CABC1686A60CB16AD43C7F516FBB" authority="Krammer" authorityName="Krammer" authorityYear="1997" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hophense">
<emphasis id="9813694C7FA0DEED338087DFB245E83D" italics="true">Encyonema hophense</emphasis>
Krammer
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="A8B7F3D57146DBC9EE9932B58A8BB982" authority="Levkov &amp; Tofilovska. Additional" authorityName="Levkov &amp; Tofilovska. Additional" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Achnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="prominula">
<emphasis id="9B4AD02B9A2714FEEF7AB5BFDB65F474" italics="true">Achnanthes prominula</emphasis>
Levkov &amp; Tofilovska. Additional
</taxonomicName>
ecological information is presented in Table
<tableCitation id="21F9845B3F000DAAFDB5FFCD8EDBA0FB" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Locality data and habitat for samples studied." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2BD29B7201C06BD8B17DCE107E54EE96" tableUuid="2BD29B7201C06BD8B17DCE107E54EE96">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHCAI" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="0A9B36253BE437FB321BFFAC7D508320">
<heading id="B62974502E573ADF5B00C7241F34C434" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AAC8D0340C20127B1CFD70F8458465C6">
Due to the broadly similar valve outline in
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENCAI" xlink_title="light microscopy">LM</abbrev>
and the absence of cavum,
<taxonomicName id="E165ED78634063E7860A31FF810F4761" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="maolanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75D601D405B63D30725EBD57290341F0" italics="true">Planothidium maolanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B452258F86FD2EBF9421279517D0CB58" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be compared with
<taxonomicName id="6C84C87166A7F5A9E1EE59CA7219F174" authority="(Grunow) Bukhtiyarova" authorityName="Bukhtiyarova" baseAuthorityName="Grunow" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hauckianum">
<emphasis id="60CA9A0B910F39CB9ADD3FF030C19E2A" italics="true">P. hauckianum</emphasis>
(Grunow) Bukhtiyarova
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9DC37C90FD7CA5FAEE3BD2EA8C0DC75F" authority="Van de Vijber &amp; Bosak" authorityName="Van de Vijber &amp; Bosak" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="kaetherobertianum">
<emphasis id="F698E339328001A3F28C477CE0DF3AA2" italics="true">P. kaetherobertianum</emphasis>
Van de Vijber &amp; Bosak
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="FF5601CD2053F0F90ABB151513D7EF54" authority="Rovira &amp; Witkowski" authorityName="Rovira &amp; Witkowski" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="iberense">
<emphasis id="667261464EAE1EB5861AF9E861742596" italics="true">P. iberense</emphasis>
Rovira &amp; Witkowski
</taxonomicName>
(Table
<tableCitation id="E008641C56C1D6BBC1B75633A6733F00" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Comparison of morphological characteristics of Planothidium maolanensis sp. nov. and closely related taxa." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6F633D006264D5FB4839BF6B8A38DE8E" tableUuid="6F633D006264D5FB4839BF6B8A38DE8E">4</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="CF8B428938FAFB94AD34D2AF3DD22921" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="maolanensis">
<emphasis id="EC68A6A5938C021C749FDCDD75A933D1" italics="true">P. maolanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="1499E7593F3745AD36DC8AB0862A3BB0" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="kaetherobertianum">
<emphasis id="098002BC706B5BEA3E8CB53FC14838D1" italics="true">P. kaetherobertianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="94DC9F25A6C3EFC1C7FC90A3E48D9ACE" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="iberense">
<emphasis id="578556F5A27F2D8169FC5FD2B3B0632A" italics="true">P. iberense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by valve outline and striae density, while it shows greater overall similarity to
<taxonomicName id="727E2E886F1EF24FD1EA9CF76550D823" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hauckianum">
<emphasis id="FAD804E6C68641562598E8849B83C4E6" italics="true">P. hauckianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="C243DB06D22FEA748D32A99CD64AE6D4" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="maolanensis">
<emphasis id="505A38ECCA62A13B0CD27C2BDD72DB8C" italics="true">P. maolanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can still be differentiated by the following features: (1) In
<taxonomicName id="D5B7B3845C1D84488E83FDA8074C4F78" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="maolanensis">
<emphasis id="53F206C1812D80B8D104ADED084DF5B8" italics="true">P. maolanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only two striae on one side of the central area show slightly increased spacing, while the remaining striae are evenly arranged. In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="93C43339C9C652D10B5034D1A620ADA6" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hauckianum">
<emphasis id="36AF68715458410C7459DAAC0E4566B0" italics="true">P. hauckianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has more striae with increased spacing on both sides of the central area. (2) The striae of
<taxonomicName id="8F893AA138929C4F9586DEE8FBDE5C17" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="maolanensis">
<emphasis id="904CDD9A551A17A4D5D5712F0CD1C462" italics="true">P. maolanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consist of 45 rows of circular areolae on rapheless valve and 56 rows on raphe valve. In
<taxonomicName id="09A99DB89D14A002C22AAD158716FAF6" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hauckianum">
<emphasis id="E8112610CF72030430C189D1BA8593BE" italics="true">P. hauckianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the striae consist of 34 rows of circular areolae on the rapheless valve and 24 rows on the raphe valve. (3) Although the striae in
<taxonomicName id="18137DF1EF9EF12A961F71E9EFE3A5BB" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="maolanensis">
<emphasis id="5809A9815F5C8E91CFF3BE4433C0FD7D" italics="true">P. maolanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="608A6408184F89D5913CDAE3EA5D421C" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hauckianum">
<emphasis id="D1223138A45E2F0B17B24EC9CE73E07D" italics="true">P. hauckianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both generally narrow toward the axial area, the narrowing in
<taxonomicName id="5FD8553286C2EE38E40C5527C3920AD3" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="maolanensis">
<emphasis id="863117730C47FC8B8EE17233B2226293" italics="true">P. maolanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not gradual or consistent. Sometimes, the middle of striae contracts, making it narrower than the ends near the axial area. (4)
<taxonomicName id="5CF4D35F6D3B9B27F1459B6521951CEA" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="maolanensis">
<emphasis id="21AA12C545D5EAC11A99D3D1236574B7" italics="true">P. maolanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has irregularly shaped shallow depressions in axial area and between the striae, while
<taxonomicName id="AB799E566D86BF18BA304643CECBD2AF" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hauckianum">
<emphasis id="62736E55B5D2B1E8F313FD90A80E24F8" italics="true">P. hauckianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits slit-like depressions.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6F633D006264D5FB4839BF6B8A38DE8E" ID-Table-UUID="6F633D006264D5FB4839BF6B8A38DE8E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6F633D006264D5FB4839BF6B8A38DE8E" startId="T4" targetIsTable="true">
<paragraph id="F41E2CE32409931455C1653D9EB8D354">
<label id="C7A38D0D1C9F1CC0F526FC2B6EFAA03B">Table 4.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC235AC7FCA3D6DDE7B0BBCB6B76F72E">
Comparison of morphological characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="9A211B8C7FD44EBB97CE650FC6BA3830" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="maolanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6AD51E044AC407AAF16949650853053E" italics="true">Planothidium maolanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7DE59A97D14DE2A11B6D57FC8FA6015D" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and closely related taxa.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E08A9D55DCC632CB453C2BBD5D5F689B">
<table id="TID0E5HBI" rules="all">
<tbody id="BFC699E9AB3F2D4E706EAEC0453C23D9">
<tr id="B36B01198025CD59BC9D6D80331793D1">
<th id="A50EB80373BEEF6ED81AAE91C39A43C2" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th id="96E257AEFDD579B78913454A94283055" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="8AC73E98A7C01D1F672A1F40495592BE" authorityName="Q-M. You, P. Yu &amp; J. P. Kociolek" authorityYear="2025" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="maolanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6679BB24061586BAA597981A5283FF9B" italics="true">Planothidium maolanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="40B07E0C4B7E6B9F42233A4B1ECBBE38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<th id="CA4407CF4B55EAE244DE67F0EACE8881" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="FD7B6DE7CB24D082A9C0E748EA55BEF4" authority="(Grunow) Bukhtiyarova" authorityName="Bukhtiyarova" baseAuthorityName="Grunow" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hauckianum">
<emphasis id="023543B313F0E0E06FB00D990409A976" italics="true">Planothidium hauckianum</emphasis>
(Grunow) Bukhtiyarova
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="3307840251DEC1E9DCB0000180950B5C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="8D45729128E5203035AE86C820F03CA6" authority="Van de Vijber &amp; Bosak" authorityName="Van de Vijber &amp; Bosak" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="kaetherobertianum">
<emphasis id="7D3229BEEBF6CE4506819C39DF07F8FF" italics="true">Planothidium kaetherobertianum</emphasis>
Van de Vijber &amp; Bosak
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="2AF563FCCAD976944E2BB36ED471B118" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="1488E580142539E3F98A0C5018760D48" authority="Rovira &amp; Witkowski" authorityName="Rovira &amp; Witkowski" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="iberense">
<emphasis id="77477CFE16B2CDF9F8B1EA7FC56749D0" italics="true">Planothidium iberense</emphasis>
Rovira &amp; Witkowski
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2E711F1326F3CA2BBEB66C5C9765B371">
<td id="C16317C2A6E4A2CEDEE56EDB1F95C669" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Reference</td>
<td id="EC1F7C6D7C800B251207C74D8088B694" colspan="1" rowspan="1">This study</td>
<td id="96B6FD6E9BCB40094F48ED40CD94B577" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation id="6650FA26CC04D3AC25168FA3ED437222" DOI="10.1080/23818107.2020.1808527" author="Kulas" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kulas" journalOrPublisher="Botany Letters" pagination="439-452" refId="B13" refString="Kulaš A, Gligora Udovič M, Ector L, Van De Vijver B (2020) Analysis of the type material of Achnanthes hauckiana Grunow (Achnanthaceae, Bacillariophyceae). Botany Letters 167: 439452. https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2020.1808527" title="Analysis of the type material of Achnanthes hauckiana Grunow (Achnanthaceae, Bacillariophyceae)." volume="167" year="2020">Kulaš et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="9A91F044308B70378EC016818BBD2947" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation id="17E1960971F89691A8CFDC2F1869936B" DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.425.2.5" author="Van De Vijver and Bosak" firstAuthor="Van De Vijver" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pagination="105-112" refId="B34" refString="Van De Vijver B, Bosak S (2019) Planothidium kaetherobertianum, a new marine diatom (Bacillariophyta) species from the Adriatic Sea. Phytotaxa 425: 105112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.425.2.5" title="Planothidium kaetherobertianum, a new marine diatom (Bacillariophyta) species from the Adriatic Sea." volume="425" year="2019">Van De Vijver and Bosak 2019</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="C2C9D64D50310216777F347E7A1BA8B0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation id="DBB802A1665188C3830B8032E2AC2D83" DOI="10.1080/0269249X.2011.587645" author="Rovira" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rovira" journalOrPublisher="Diatom Research" pagination="99-107" refId="B29" refString="Rovira L, Witkowski A, Trobajo R, Ruppel M, Ibáñez C (2011) Planothidium iberense sp. nov., a new brackish diatom of the Ebro Estuary, northeast Spain. Diatom Research 26: 99107. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2011.587645" title="Planothidium iberense sp. nov., a new brackish diatom of the Ebro Estuary, northeast Spain." volume="26" year="2011">Rovira et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="418C1CD343902146BB1F3DD461CF9B8A">
<td id="259BD5D3053B194B3DE4225104E5D088" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Valve outline</td>
<td id="8693923D37997366E03554EA98861C32" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Elliptical</td>
<td id="1345B79793849DD5A2927854EC89D15A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Linear-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate</td>
<td id="58DACE411FA67F2CBDC35FF9B96112D0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate in smaller valves with cuneately rounded</td>
<td id="6547A59370234ED323BC13D8A0EDE15D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Elliptical-lanceolate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8815D486981616833529686CF407E8C7">
<td id="6DC00CD4C0885CF88EC626E5F78DD660" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Apices</td>
<td id="4A19BEEDB2E9EE5FC2442E8EA33C4C5C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Rounded ends not extended</td>
<td id="4ED6AE9C9FBA8B2039A42DB09628E0F3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Very weakly protracted, slightly rostrate to broadly rounded in smaller valves</td>
<td id="182F69E212C2C9FECD3DBC2D715AB385" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Only very weakly protracted apices</td>
<td id="4D1B7A4BECB9114B78CF622BF6956E48" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Moderately produced, obtusely rounded</td>
</tr>
<tr id="49B53948B8D779D177AD65A5BE4EFB79">
<td id="153B80EB4FF9C15E38E00FCA23D7B4FB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Length</td>
<td id="FA8F14BD2DB0245557A019B5CBF496BA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9.518.0 µm</td>
<td id="0AAEBFD948B6B8DD82E4FD629F0AE967" colspan="1" rowspan="1">730 µm</td>
<td id="11938A722C975D351F391AD8E8AB600A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">713 µm</td>
<td id="6ECF62BB5CE08B751CDB015FC94F33C4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1726 µm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5A3BF09433BECDDF1C2A94FD8C264389">
<td id="1899352FDFBEC124913BAA3BDBBE5737" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Width</td>
<td id="6BCC4930379D089A4AFAE56D564D7AF9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5.57.5 µm</td>
<td id="1AD0A9606692BFEF3BC16A7746121577" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4.57.0 µm</td>
<td id="D3489C04AAD68EAB54CCFF4C965E8832" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4.04.5 µm</td>
<td id="E803704E9A3A7C4F7CD7DEA26787EB89" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.59.5 µm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B38D3D65E909C386A09E8009BBF74C78">
<td id="09101CF68C30ED4CC531F8AAB5C1FC46" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Central area (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXOAI" xlink_title="raphe valve">RV</abbrev>
)
</td>
<td id="BB002C3B6197E5BF56F98FC12002B919" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Subcircular</td>
<td id="7B6144E0932F7699937C2F65DE1F8929" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Asymmetrical</td>
<td id="3BFC93B18EEABB1490943B480B80FEF9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Rounded to rectangular</td>
<td id="E1EF36668E1B69C18C41322C72CF3438" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Circular</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6A77A46475FF17A01E5DF7A0B53CABFB">
<td id="1697451AA5F29DBDDF84C1093B23B839" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Axial area (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EMPAI" xlink_title="raphe valve">RV</abbrev>
)
</td>
<td id="833A31D7EC5FCE58F458F53282452014" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Narrow linear</td>
<td id="A1246826C3ED78C0C10E109A4656C3DA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Narrow, linear</td>
<td id="4C07A2127CDF58DE54E0F7ABFFB4FF3D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Very narrow, linear</td>
<td id="0AA584D84AE4D7D03869E5B5AE0B6023" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Narrow, linear</td>
</tr>
<tr id="43DC060BAD15ADFF0A318F166472FC84">
<td id="3B8526DD6EE01C69F6E1C3A6CAF6305D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Raphe</td>
<td id="165FD0F974FB964048F2EDF61D02F4C8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Straight to slightly curved</td>
<td id="0FB3E6538135AE9DB185F8BF962715FF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Straight to weakly curved</td>
<td id="AC95B4FF7601CB6FB8A3A69DE84F70CD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Straight</td>
<td id="36A023CB40EBD6D96ECE89B1249A32AA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Straight</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D826C45E9194DCB03BA8CD6FBF85A3A9">
<td id="EC29B5B90E0078CDFBE4F529F7B8436A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Striae (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ERQAI" xlink_title="raphe valve">RV</abbrev>
)
</td>
<td id="0D52C26216F034EC1D43FDBC1A423483" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1012 / 10 µm</td>
<td id="DE5C7B480CFE7FA8ABFE0CAAE8302893" colspan="1" rowspan="1">810 / 10 µm</td>
<td id="98E31EA641046B25BBC83F024E554D9B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1617 / 10 µm</td>
<td id="996537B4E633260257BAD23E924FEC20" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1215 / 10 µm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2DDE48698A69CDF9696E8F0BA96F8344">
<td id="C661A662FB5AA3F49C91CE6CD5EE567F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Areolae composition of striae (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EGRAI" xlink_title="raphe valve">RV</abbrev>
)
</td>
<td id="CEC83304D67308A44C6731B9B8CEC87E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">56 rows areolae</td>
<td id="E04D335EA7DEEEE2F7DD09F248274063" colspan="1" rowspan="1">24 rows areolae</td>
<td id="8EFCFA62417293DA0B572157536982AB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">23 rows areolae</td>
<td id="C60204DECA4F82D6400C3CACDFD7E562" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4 rows areolae</td>
</tr>
<tr id="24C5755B334BB050BBF098A8CE2295E3">
<td id="5B95FEFF9BB654BC8788E782CD520DCC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Axial area (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2RAI" xlink_title="rapheless valve">SV</abbrev>
)
</td>
<td id="6DF1FF698C6925EEBF3B4B653CA4B44E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Narrow linear</td>
<td id="B25F454E83CFD207A81E8B0E9383EAA6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Narrow linear</td>
<td id="F7D9FD08A9BE1462B9C8A908CF52B22D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Linear to narrowly lanceolate</td>
<td id="A4B987FA64804174B01E5D89E61EF61E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Narrow, linear</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8DBF8AE4C7DD6B76EC7EB502A8214065">
<td id="400DFF502223D256D211C984D0A453B6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Additional structure (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQSAI" xlink_title="rapheless valve">SV</abbrev>
)
</td>
<td id="DAE0745A4A837BCC17B15D872795DC9C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td id="D9369D4BD1C4343FD2D28A7B0B40951E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td id="82007AC76F2E7055B25B6CA24C5AFB19" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td id="48A22B4149524A3E08D392EDC606C7E3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="85D7DAE0B31C03843F2685CF9B7F9ADE">
<td id="0C70E50365B63329FC24FE3685B74582" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Striae (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFTAI" xlink_title="rapheless valve">SV</abbrev>
)
</td>
<td id="F47D3E2FDC0F77B6BB7E407E38080136" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1012 / 10 µm</td>
<td id="596814F257492C4D4EB3955C6F29B123" colspan="1" rowspan="1">711 / 10 µm</td>
<td id="2A0F26A7AE01A828FD4946F9DBDB81D1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1516 / 10 µm</td>
<td id="F4C4D937313A2A4A2764F62F6A26C39E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1416 / 10 µm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E8DF273B99D185529EB5CBC9E973E31D">
<td id="828FD7AAC6ACF97B4E5A12413AD0B7EC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Areolae composition of striae (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1TAI" xlink_title="rapheless valve">SV</abbrev>
)
</td>
<td id="35B24D0F7C1FA133C1373357679BFB9F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">45 rows areolae</td>
<td id="40709498C3043C7841ACA1434802A80D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">34 rows areolae</td>
<td id="DC09E659A329B4C43BC5AA0A8E4F51DE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2 rows areolae</td>
<td id="59E4B2853A40C764A7EFF29200B986DA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">34 rows areolae</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>