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data/53/42/86/53428608921CFFCC49ADFBB5FCF4FEB6.xml
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<document id="A9DCDF1E6E6E2C4EF47F916199732AF0" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4320.2.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="891812" ID-ZooBank="0Bfef3Cc-D02B-4265-Bd12-22F8487C5F48" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,operationResults,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1505462443250" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Muin, Mohd Abdul" docDate="2017" docId="53428608921CFFCC49ADFBB5FCF4FEB6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4320.2.4.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4320 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Abavorana nazgul Quah, Anuar, Grismer, Wood Jr, Azizah & Muin 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="279" masterDocId="AF7BFE709218FFCB493AFF86FF8AF96B" masterDocTitle="A new species of frog of the genus Abavorana Oliver, Prendini, Kraus & Raxworthy 2015 (Anura: Ranidae) from Gunung Jerai, Kedah, northwestern Peninsular Malaysia" masterLastPageNumber="288" masterPageNumber="272" pageNumber="276" updateTime="1731324003520" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9A813E708BAD73E0938658BEDE91C8E5">
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<mods:title id="7B551E8AD7F738B5B544E482C75BCA77">A new species of frog of the genus Abavorana Oliver, Prendini, Kraus & Raxworthy 2015 (Anura: Ranidae) from Gunung Jerai, Kedah, northwestern Peninsular Malaysia</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="790A4BCA99A62D616FB268102E7F102D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="94C30425D11D58CF513203B555025047">Muin, Mohd Abdul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="908E3B5A0BBFC6DFFE838BAB95A74D56">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="8B1C73773CE8D378D84C12A5F1B86E1E">
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<mods:date id="F0060A22DD30DD9FF1D93AB44FD7BF78">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7D8FECB388EB81F2E917F2F7E7977BBE">2017-09-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="164539EDB9C2379A25B382E909F18321">4320</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="62F793040F4BCAA6B34D918DB38C6776">272</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="99FDAB18B097F3ED22386D5E538D1777" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4320.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="29AB3C6EE6A790B7BE9F71FF160AF3F7" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7EB09EB3FAC63CAC806746C9871ACCB7" type="Zenodo-Dep">891812</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="75670DD18FA19E1BC0594E3FA4D4351C" type="ZooBank">0Bfef3Cc-D02B-4265-Bd12-22F8487C5F48</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="53428608921CFFCC49ADFBB5FCF4FEB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:53428608921CFFCC49ADFBB5FCF4FEB6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/53428608921CFFCC49ADFBB5FCF4FEB6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
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<subSubSection id="93F16495921CFFCF49ADFBB5FE53FD25" box="[151,473,1075,1102]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DB54371E921CFFCF49ADFBB5FE53FD25" blockId="4.[151,473,1075,1102]" box="[151,473,1075,1102]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
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<heading id="801C8072921CFFCF49ADFBB5FE53FD25" bold="true" box="[151,473,1075,1102]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921CFFCF49ADFBB5FE53FD25" bold="true" box="[151,473,1075,1102]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
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||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921CFFCF49ADFBB5FEFFFD26" ID-CoL="8JKV" authority="Quah, Anuar, Grismer, Wood Jr, Azizah & Muin, 2017" authorityName="Quah, Anuar, Grismer, Wood Jr, Azizah & Muin" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,373,1075,1101]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921CFFCF49ADFBB5FEFFFD26" bold="true" box="[151,373,1075,1101]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">Abavorana nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921CFFCF4846FBB2FE53FD25" box="[380,473,1076,1102]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="93F16495921CFFCF49ADFBFFFDB0FDF8" box="[151,570,1145,1171]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB54371E921CFFCF49ADFBFFFDB0FDF8" blockId="4.[151,570,1145,1205]" box="[151,570,1145,1171]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
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<heading id="801C8072921CFFCF49ADFBFFFDB0FDF8" bold="true" box="[151,570,1145,1171]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" reason="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921CFFCF49ADFBFFFDB0FDF8" bold="true" box="[151,570,1145,1171]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">Gunung Jerai Black Stream-Frog</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="93F16495921CFFCF49ADFB1AFEADFDDE" box="[151,295,1180,1205]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB54371E921CFFCF49ADFB1AFEADFDDE" blockId="4.[151,570,1145,1205]" box="[151,295,1180,1205]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="43D02B9B921CFFCF49ADFB1AFF50FDDF" box="[151,218,1180,1205]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1712,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,185,1700]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Holotype of AbavOrana nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2231). (B) Dorsal pattern of the holotype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2231). (C) Ventral pattern of the holotype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2231). (D) Paratype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2232). (E) Paratype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2233). (F) Juvenile A. nazgul sp. nov. from Gunung Jerai, Kedah. All photographs by Evan Quah." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891814/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="43D02B9B921CFFCF49DCFB1AFF7EFDDF" box="[230,244,1180,1204]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,225,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,225,1947]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Type series of AbavOrana nazgul sp. nov. Top: View of the dorsum. Bottom: View of the venter." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891818/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
&
|
||||
<figureCitation id="43D02B9B921CFFCF4822FB1AFEADFDDE" box="[280,295,1180,1205]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1090,1112]" captionTargetBox="[196,1397,193,1084]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[192,1397,193,1084]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Distribution of AbavOrana in Peninsular Malaysia. Red star = type locality of A. nazgul sp. nov. at Gunung Jerai, Kedah, blue circle = reported localities of A. luctuOsa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891822/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">6</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="93F16495921CFFCF49ADFB63FDAFFD91" box="[151,549,1252,1274]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" type="reference_group">
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||||
<paragraph id="DB54371E921CFFCF49ADFB63FDAFFD91" blockId="4.[151,549,1252,1274]" box="[151,549,1252,1274]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
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||||
<author id="0356DFFB921CFFCF49ADFB63FE35FD91" box="[151,447,1252,1274]" fns="I" npo="LF" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921CFFCF49ADFB63FEA3FD91" box="[151,297,1252,1274]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">Rana luctuOsa</emphasis>
|
||||
Sukumaran, J.
|
||||
</author>
|
||||
<year id="AF43764D921CFFCF48FFFB62FE71FD91" box="[453,507,1252,1274]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">2005</year>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<pagination id="E222C9EA921CFFCF4B3FFB62FDABFD91" box="[517,545,1252,1274]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" type="pagination">38</pagination>
|
||||
.
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="93F16495921CFFCF49ADFAA0FC2CFCB9" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB54371E921CFFCF49ADFAA0FB40FC08" blockId="4.[151,1437,1318,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="6B833D43921CFFCF49ADFAA0FB40FC08" collectingDate="2016-04-09" collectionCode="USMHC" collectorName="Evan S. H. Quah & David Chan" country="Malaysia" elevation="948" latitude="5.7953167" location="Gunung Jerai" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.437035" municipality="Gunung Jerai" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" specimenCode="USMHC 2231" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kedah" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<author id="0356DFFB921CFFCF49ADFAA0FC0FFC54" box="[151,901,1318,1343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921CFFCF49ADFAA0FE81FC54" bold="true" box="[151,267,1318,1343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="045089BC921CFFCF49ADFAA0FE8CFC54" box="[151,262,1318,1343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
An adult
|
||||
<specimenCount id="CDEDFC97921CFFCF48B1FAA0FE4BFC54" box="[395,449,1318,1343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="8B4D9F65921CFFCF48EFFAA1FD0AFC54" box="[469,640,1319,1343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">USMHC 2231</specimenCode>
|
||||
) collected on
|
||||
<collectingDate id="BF11E836921CFFCF4A0AFAA1FC40FC54" box="[816,970,1318,1343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
|
||||
<date id="AF5511DE921CFFCF4A0AFAA1FC40FC54" box="[816,970,1318,1343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" value="2016-04-09">
|
||||
9 April
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||||
<year id="AF43764D921CFFCF4AA8FAA0FC40FC54" box="[914,970,1318,1343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">2016</year>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
</collectingDate>
|
||||
</author>
|
||||
<title id="A9EFDC28921CFFCF4AEDFAA0FA9FFC54" box="[983,1301,1318,1343]" jopScore="0.02961044" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" type="_" typeScore="101">
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="3B30AD64921CFFCF4D20FAA1FB33FC54" box="[1050,1209,1318,1343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">Gunung Jerai</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="192FF9FC921CFFCF4DF3FAA0FA9FFC54" box="[1225,1301,1318,1343]" country="Malaysia" name="Kedah" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">Kedah</collectingRegion>
|
||||
</title>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<journalOrPublisher id="012A3DD2921CFFCF4C1CFAA0FF74FC08" jopScore="0.08224202" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
|
||||
Peninsular
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="A3FC778E921CFFCF49ADFACCFF74FC08" box="[151,254,1354,1379]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="BEDF51D9921CFFCF4837FACCFE1EFC08" box="[269,404,1354,1379]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" precision="1" value="5.7953167">
|
||||
<part id="AF4F9D83921CFFCF4837FACCFE90FC08" box="[269,282,1354,1379]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" type="volume">5</part>
|
||||
°47.719’N
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="BEDF51D9921CFFCF489AFACCFDB5FC08" box="[416,575,1354,1379]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" precision="1" value="100.437035">
|
||||
<pagination id="E222C9EA921CFFCF489AFACCFE41FC08" box="[416,459,1354,1379]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" type="pagination">100</pagination>
|
||||
°26.222’E
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="1C139AFB921CFFCF4B71FACDFD18FC09" box="[587,658,1355,1379]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.48" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" unit="m" value="948.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="50C6D02D921CFFCF4B71FACDFD18FC09" box="[587,658,1355,1379]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.48" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" unit="m" value="948.0">948 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
in elevation) by
|
||||
<collectorName id="761E52C8921CFFCF4A6AFACDFB8CFC08" box="[848,1030,1354,1379]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">Evan S.H. Quah</collectorName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectorName id="761E52C8921CFFCF4D06FACCFB4CFC08" box="[1084,1222,1354,1379]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">David Chan</collectorName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB54371E921CFFCF49FDFAE8FC2CFCB9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1318,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="6B833D43921CFFCF49FDFAE8FAA4FCEC" box="[199,1326,1390,1415]" collectingDate="2016-04-09" collectionCode="USMHC" collectorName="Evan S. H. Quah & David Chan" country="Malaysia" elevation="948" latitude="5.7953167" location="Gunung Jerai" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.437035" municipality="Gunung Jerai" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" specimenCode="USMHC 2232, USMHC 2233" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kedah" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921CFFCF49FDFAE8FECCFCEC" bold="true" box="[199,326,1390,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
|
||||
<title id="A9EFDC28921CFFCF49FDFAE8FECBFCEC" box="[199,321,1390,1415]" jopScore="0.015720127" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="045089BC921CFFCF49FDFAE8FECBFCEC" box="[199,321,1390,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
</title>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<author id="0356DFFB921CFFCF4875FAE9FDA3FCEC" box="[335,553,1391,1415]" fns="I" npo="LF" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
|
||||
Paratypes
|
||||
<specimenCode id="8B4D9F65921CFFCF48FFFAE9FDE0FCEC" box="[453,618,1391,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">USMHC 2232</specimenCode>
|
||||
</author>
|
||||
&
|
||||
<specimenCode id="8B4D9F65921CFFCF4BA8FAE9FCBCFCEC" box="[658,822,1391,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">USMHC 2233</specimenCode>
|
||||
bear the same locality data as the holotype
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="6B833D43921CFFCF4C00FAE9FD3AFCC5" collectingDate="2011-10-08" collectionCode="LSUHC" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" specimenCode="LSUHC 10512" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="045089BC921CFFCF4C00FAE9FA16FCEC" box="[1338,1436,1391,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="8B4D9F65921CFFCF49ADFA10FEB5FCC5" box="[151,319,1429,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">LSUHC 10512</specimenCode>
|
||||
was collected on
|
||||
<collectingDate id="BF11E836921CFFCF4B3CFA10FD3AFCC5" box="[518,688,1429,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
|
||||
<date id="AF5511DE921CFFCF4B3CFA10FD3AFCC5" box="[518,688,1429,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" value="2011-10-08">
|
||||
8 October
|
||||
<year id="AF43764D921CFFCF4B43FA10FD3AFCC5" box="[633,688,1430,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">2011</year>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
</collectingDate>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="6B833D43921CFFCF4B8CFA13FC29FCB9" collectingDate="2011-10-28" collectionCode="LSUHC" collectorName="Evan S. H. Quah & M. A. Muin & Yusof Omar" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" specimenCode="LSUHC 10513, LSUHC 10514" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<journalOrPublisher id="012A3DD2921CFFCF4B8CFA13FC43FCC5" box="[694,969,1429,1454]" jopScore="0.19002177" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" type="_" typeScore="101">
|
||||
while
|
||||
<typeStatus id="045089BC921CFFCF4BC1FA10FCECFCC5" box="[763,870,1430,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="8B4D9F65921CFFCF4A57FA10FB9CFCC5" box="[877,1046,1429,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
|
||||
LSUHC
|
||||
<part id="AF4F9D83921CFFCF4AEAFA13FB9CFCC5" box="[976,1046,1429,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" type="volume">10513</part>
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCode id="8B4D9F65921CFFCF4D71FA10FB79FCC5" box="[1099,1267,1429,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
|
||||
LSUHC
|
||||
<pagination id="E222C9EA921CFFCF4D97FA13FB79FCC5" box="[1197,1267,1429,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" type="pagination">10514</pagination>
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
were collected on
|
||||
<collectingDate id="BF11E836921CFFCF4980FA3CFEFFFCB9" box="[186,373,1465,1490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
|
||||
<date id="AF5511DE921CFFCF4980FA3CFEFFFCB9" box="[186,373,1465,1490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" value="2011-10-28">28 October 2011</date>
|
||||
</collectingDate>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<collectorName id="761E52C8921CFFCF48A5FA3CFDDDFCB9" box="[415,599,1465,1490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">Evan S.H. Quah</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="761E52C8921CFFCF4B59FA3CFD68FCB9" box="[611,738,1465,1490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">M.A. Muin</collectorName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectorName id="761E52C8921CFFCF4A22FA3FFC29FCB9" box="[792,931,1465,1490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">Yusof Omar</collectorName>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="93F16495921CFFCF49FDFA5BFF7CFE9A" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB54371E921CFFCF49FDFA5BFF7CFE9A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1318,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921CFFCF49FDFA5BFECBFC9D" bold="true" box="[199,321,1501,1526]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||||
Morphological analyses of the newly collected material from Gunung Jerai confirms the placement of this population in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921CFFCF48C7F987FDF3FF71" authorityName="Oliver, Prendini, Kraus & Raxworthy" authorityYear="2015" box="[509,633,1537,1562]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921CFFCF48C7F987FDF3FF71" box="[509,633,1537,1562]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">Abavorana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on the combination of having a medium-sized, robust body; no vocal sacs in males; length of 1
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921CFFCF48CEF9A2FDC2FF2A" box="[500,584,1572,1601]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="finger">st finger</taxonomicName>
|
||||
greater than 2nd finger; disc width to finger width ratios of finger 3 and toe 4 is 1–1.5; dorsolateral fold indistinct or absent; the colour of the dorsolateral line being white or yellow; the humeral gland in males is prominent, raised and centrally positioned on the ventral surface of the upper arm; a weak or absent rictal ridge; outer metatarsal tubercle weak or absent; skin of dorsum smooth or finely shagreened; throat, abdomen and flanks smooth; posterior section of ventrum and back of the thigh rugose; no pale colouration on the margins of the tympanum; flanks dark brown or black below the dorsal fold grading into a pale ventrum; dorsal surface of hind limbs speckled or mottled; posterior surface of thigh mottled (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF7A4AEF921CFFCF4D13F886FB21FE72" author="Inger, R. F." box="[1065,1195,1792,1817]" firstAuthor="Inger" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana: ZOOlOgy" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" pagination="1 - 402" part="52" refId="ref9357" refString="Inger, R. F. (1966) The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana: ZOOlOgy, 52, 1 - 402." title="The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo" type="journal article" year="1966">Inger 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF7A4AEF921CFFCF4D81F886FA1BFE72" author="Oliver, L. A. & Prendini, E. & Kraus, F. & Raxworthy, C. J." box="[1211,1425,1792,1817]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Oliver" journalOrPublisher="MOlecular PhylOgenetics and EvOlutiOn" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" pagination="176 - 192" part="90" refId="ref10149" refString="Oliver, L. A., Prendini, E., Kraus, F. & Raxworthy, C. J. (2015) Systematics and biogeography of the Hylarana frog (Anura: Ranidae) radiation across tropical Australasia, Southeast Asia, and Africa. MOlecular PhylOgenetics and EvOlutiOn, 90, 176 - 192." title="Systematics and biogeography of the Hylarana frog (Anura: Ranidae) radiation across tropical Australasia, Southeast Asia, and Africa" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Oliver
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921CFFCF4C37F887FACBFE72" box="[1293,1345,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921CFFCF49ADF8A2FEE2FE56" box="[151,360,1828,1853]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921CFFCF49ADF8A2FEE2FE56" box="[151,360,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">Abavorana nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921CFFCF484AF8A2FE46FE56" bold="true" box="[368,460,1828,1853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921CFFCF484AF8A2FE46FE56" box="[368,460,1828,1853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
can be differentiated from its congeners by the following combination of characters: adult males 42.1–50.0 mm SVL; nuptial pads absent in males; humeral glands in males small (
|
||||
<quantity id="1C139AFB921CFFCF4DC5F8CEFA1AFE0B" box="[1279,1424,1864,1889]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="276" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
); dorsolateral stripe continuous, orange to yellow in colour; mid-dorsal region of dorsum black, with or without faint orange or yellow speckles; flanks black, colouration unstratified; distinct cream spots on flanks, dorsal surfaces of limbs, and upper lip; venter grey-brown with prominent light spots on throat and belly, smaller spots on underside of thigh.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="93F16495921DFFCC49FDFF11FF66FC3F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="5" pageNumber="277" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB54371E921DFFCE49FDFF11FB1FFB73" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921DFFCE49FDFF11FE6FF9DB" bold="true" box="[199,485,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">
|
||||
Description of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="045089BC921DFFCE484CFF11FE55F9DB" box="[374,479,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Adult male, SVL 50.0 mm; head longer than wide (HL/HW=1.19); snout wider than long (SW/SL=1.38), longer than eye diameter (SL/ED=2.00), slightly projecting beyond lower jaw, dorsally concave, gradually tapering with a slight median point in dorsal view, slightly rounded and posteroventrally, sloping downward in lateral view; canthus rostralis distinct, lores vertical, slightly concave; nares open laterally, just below canthus, positioned closer to rostrum than eye, distance between nares smaller than snout length (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="BDFAAFDB921DFFCE4C5BFEAEFA1EF82B" box="[1377,1428,296,320]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15485" name="Indiana University" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">IND</collectionCode>
|
||||
/ SL=0.78), approximately one-half of snout width (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="BDFAAFDB921DFFCE4BE0FECAFC84F80E" box="[730,782,332,357]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15485" name="Indiana University" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">IND</collectionCode>
|
||||
/SW=0.56); eyes large, slightly protruding beyond lips in dorsal view, diameter less than snout length (ED/SL=0.50) and interorbital distance (ED/IOD=0.43); pupils circular; interorbital region flat, distance smaller than snout width (IOD/SW=0.85) but greater than snout length (IOD/SL=1.17); tympanum distinct, round, as tall as wide, horizontal diameter equal to eye diameter (TD/ ED=1.00); choanae subcircular, separated by distance larger than their diameter; vomerine teeth small, indistinct; and tongue elongate, broadening posteriorly with a central terminal notch, posterior ⅓ free.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB54371E921DFFCE49FDFDA2FE4BFD7B" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">
|
||||
Forelimbs relatively long, slender (BL/SVL=0.14; FAL/SVL=0.15; ML/SVL=0.23), brachial and forearm length subequal (BL/FAL=0.93); enlarged humeral glands present on ventral surfaces of brachia; order of fingers from shortest to longest: II<IV<I<III (fingers I and IV subequal); fingers lack webbing; finger tips dilated into small, rounded discs bearing circummarginal grooves; numbers of subarticular tubercles are digit I(1), II(1), III(2), IV(2); subarticular tubercles prominently raised, oval, opaque on toes I and II and base of toes III and IV, second subarticular tubercles of toes III and IV indistinct; supernumerary tubercles absent; inner metacarpal tubercle large, oval, translucent; palmar tubercle oval, translucent, slightly smaller and not in contact with inner metacarpal tubercle; outer metacarpal tubercle oval, translucent, in contact, similar in size to palmar tubercle; nuptial pads absent. Hind limbs long, slender (FL/SVL =0.47; CL/SVL= 0.49; TL/SVL= 0.24), tibia slightly longer than femur (CL/FL =1.04); order of toes from shortest to longest: I<II<V<III<IV (toes III and V subequal); toe tips slightly dilated into small, rounded discs bearing circummarginal grooves; webbing formula:
|
||||
<date id="AF5511DE921DFFCE4D5AFC0AFB1AFACE" box="[1120,1168,908,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">I1–1</date>
|
||||
½
|
||||
<date id="AF5511DE921DFFCE4D8BFC0BFAA1FACE" box="[1201,1323,908,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">II 1–2 III 1</date>
|
||||
½–3½
|
||||
<date id="AF5511DE921DFFCE4C44FC0BFF29FAA3" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">IV 3</date>
|
||||
½–2½ V; subarticular tubercles prominently raised, translucent; number of subarticular tubercles on each toe varies by toe number: I(1), II(1), III(2), IV(3), V(2); inner metatarsal tubercle elongate, raised, translucent; outer metatarsal tubercle absent.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB54371E921DFFCE49FDFB9BFABDFD17" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">
|
||||
Dorsum, upper eyelid, interorbital region, snout, flanks and surface of limbs finely shagreened, lacking tubercles; dorsolateral and tympanic folds absent. Rictal glands absent, only a weak rictal ridge present; throat, stomach and ventral surfaces of limbs finely shagreened. Measurements of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="045089BC921DFFCE4AD8FBE3FB97FD16" box="[994,1053,1125,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">types</typeStatus>
|
||||
are presented in
|
||||
<tableCitation id="966902A5921DFFCE4DE7FBE2FAB8FD17" box="[1245,1330,1124,1149]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[125,203,597,618]" captionTargetBox="[125,1886,656,1583]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 3. Selecteđ measurements (mm) of the type series of Abavorana nazgul sp. nov. anđ A. luctuosa. Please see methođs for abbreviations." pageId="5" pageNumber="277">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB54371E921DFFCE49FDFB01FC33FCAB" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921DFFCE49FDFB01FE2BFDCB" bold="true" box="[199,417,1159,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">Colouration in life</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="43D02B9B921DFFCE488BFB01FE7CFDCB" box="[433,502,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1712,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,185,1700]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Holotype of AbavOrana nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2231). (B) Dorsal pattern of the holotype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2231). (C) Ventral pattern of the holotype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2231). (D) Paratype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2232). (E) Paratype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2233). (F) Juvenile A. nazgul sp. nov. from Gunung Jerai, Kedah. All photographs by Evan Quah." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891814/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The dorsum is black with faint orange specks along the vertebral line. A complete orange dorsolateral stripe extends from the rostrum (stripe yellowish-orange on the snout), along the canthus, lateral margin of palpebrae, and dorsolateral part of dorsum, and terminates at the sacrum where it forms a nearly complete loop. The lateral margins of the snout, anterior portion of the flanks, and dorsal surface of the limbs are black and gradually transition to dark-grey on the lower flanks. Along the upper lips are a single row of cream spots that form a streak beneath the tympanum and extend to the corner of the jaw. The tympanum is dark-brown. The flanks and dorsal side of the limbs bear round, creamy yellow spots, some of which connect to form short, elongate bars especially on the hind limbs. The venter is grey-brown and covered in whitish spots. The spots on the throat and belly are larger than those on the ventral surface of the thigh.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB54371E921DFFCE49FDFA4AFB21FF46" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921DFFCE49FDFA4AFD9EFC8E" bold="true" box="[199,532,1484,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">Colouration in preservation</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="43D02B9B921DFFCE4B1FFA4AFDE1FC8F" box="[549,619,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,225,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,225,1947]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Type series of AbavOrana nazgul sp. nov. Top: View of the dorsum. Bottom: View of the venter." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891818/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The dorsum, dorsal side of limbs and upper flanks are dark-grey while the dorsolateral stripe and spots–bars are cream. The lower flanks, fingers and toes are a lighter shade of grey. The venter is light grey-brown with the spots on throat, belly, and underside of the thighs whitish.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB54371E921DFFCE49FDF9B1FAD5FED3" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921DFFCE49FDF9B1FEB6FF3B" bold="true" box="[199,316,1591,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||||
All
|
||||
<typeStatus id="045089BC921DFFCE48BEF9BFFE65FF3A" box="[388,495,1593,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
closely resemble
|
||||
<typeStatus id="045089BC921DFFCE4BE2F9B1FCB0FF3B" box="[728,826,1591,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
in overall external morphology, colouration, and patterning. In a single
|
||||
<typeStatus id="045089BC921DFFCE48AFF9DBFE7FFF1E" box="[405,501,1629,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="BDFAAFDB921DFFCE4B3EF9DAFDDDFF1F" box="[516,599,1628,1652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">USMH</collectionCode>
|
||||
2232) the narrow stripe outlining the snout and dorsolateral margin of the body is yellow instead of orange. In addition, the stripe along the snout of this specimen is discontinuous (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="43D02B9B921DFFCE4C0CF9F9FA1AFFF3" box="[1334,1424,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1712,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,185,1700]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Holotype of AbavOrana nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2231). (B) Dorsal pattern of the holotype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2231). (C) Ventral pattern of the holotype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2231). (D) Paratype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2232). (E) Paratype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2233). (F) Juvenile A. nazgul sp. nov. from Gunung Jerai, Kedah. All photographs by Evan Quah." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891814/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Juveniles have a bolder colour pattern than the adults where the colour of the dorsum is darker and lacks any light mottling or faint specks. Juveniles also have fewer spots on the flanks of and no spots at the corners of the upper labial margins and the narrow stripe outlining the snout and dorsolateral margin of the body is bright orange or vermillion (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="43D02B9B921DFFCE4821F889FEFBFE43" box="[283,369,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1712,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,185,1700]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Holotype of AbavOrana nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2231). (B) Dorsal pattern of the holotype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2231). (C) Ventral pattern of the holotype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2231). (D) Paratype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2232). (E) Paratype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2233). (F) Juvenile A. nazgul sp. nov. from Gunung Jerai, Kedah. All photographs by Evan Quah." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891814/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In the female
|
||||
<typeStatus id="045089BC921DFFCE4B25F897FDF5FE42" box="[543,639,1809,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="BDFAAFDB921DFFCE4BB5F896FD67FE43" box="[655,749,1808,1832]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gc15-4qsc" name="La Sierra University, Herpetological Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">LSUHC</collectionCode>
|
||||
10514), the texture of the skin around the vent, posterior and ventral regions of the thighs is more rugose compared the male specimens. In addition,
|
||||
<typeStatus id="045089BC921DFFCE4D4CF8B3FB68FE26" box="[1142,1250,1845,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="BDFAAFDB921DFFCE4DCBF8B2FAC5FE27" box="[1265,1359,1844,1868]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gc15-4qsc" name="La Sierra University, Herpetological Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">LSUHC</collectionCode>
|
||||
10513 and 10514) have a small, weak, indistinct, round, outer metatarsal tubercle. This is not surprising as
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF7A4AEF921DFFCE4C34F8DFFA16FE1B" author="Inger, R. F." box="[1294,1436,1879,1905]" firstAuthor="Inger" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana: ZOOlOgy" pageId="5" pageNumber="277" pagination="1 - 402" part="52" refId="ref9357" refString="Inger, R. F. (1966) The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana: ZOOlOgy, 52, 1 - 402." title="The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo" type="journal article" year="1966">Inger (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported observing the presence of a metatarsal tubercle in only approximately one-half of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921DFFCE4C2DF8FBFA16FEFE" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1303,1436,1916,1941]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luctuosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921DFFCE4C2DF8FBFA16FEFE" box="[1303,1436,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">A. luctuosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens he examined. Measurements showing variation in size within the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="045089BC921DFFCE4ACBF827FBABFED2" box="[1009,1057,1953,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="277">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
series are shown in
|
||||
<tableCitation id="966902A5921DFFCE4C3FF826FAD0FED3" box="[1285,1370,1952,1977]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[125,203,597,618]" captionTargetBox="[125,1886,656,1583]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 3. Selecteđ measurements (mm) of the type series of Abavorana nazgul sp. nov. anđ A. luctuosa. Please see methođs for abbreviations." pageId="5" pageNumber="277">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="8F946796921EFFCD49ADF936FDA2FE49" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891814/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="278" targetBox="[151,1436,185,1700]" targetPageId="6">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB54371E921EFFCD49ADF936FDA2FE49" blockId="6.[151,1436,1712,1826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921EFFCD49ADF936FE99FFAE" bold="true" box="[151,275,1712,1734]" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
(A) Holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921EFFCD48FDF936FD09FFAD" box="[455,643,1712,1734]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921EFFCD48FDF936FD09FFAD" box="[455,643,1712,1734]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">AbavOrana nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921EFFCD4BB0F936FD51FFAE" bold="true" box="[650,731,1712,1733]" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921EFFCD4BB0F936FD51FFAE" box="[650,731,1712,1733]" pageId="6" pageNumber="278" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(USMHC 2231). (B) Dorsal pattern of the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921EFFCD4C2CF937FAFDFFAD" box="[1302,1399,1712,1734]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921EFFCD4C2CF937FAFDFFAD" box="[1302,1399,1712,1734]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">A. nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921EFFCD4C47F936FF49FF8F" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921EFFCD4C47F936FF49FF8F" pageId="6" pageNumber="278" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(USMHC 2231). (C) Ventral pattern of the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921EFFCD4BC5F949FCEAFF8F" box="[767,864,1742,1764]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921EFFCD4BC5F949FCEAFF8F" box="[767,864,1742,1764]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">A. nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921EFFCD4A5CF949FC32FF8F" bold="true" box="[870,952,1743,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921EFFCD4A5CF949FC32FF8F" box="[870,952,1743,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="278" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(USMHC 2231). (D) Paratype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921EFFCD4C2CF949FAFDFF8F" box="[1302,1399,1742,1764]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921EFFCD4C2CF949FAFDFF8F" box="[1302,1399,1742,1764]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">A. nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921EFFCD4C47F949FF49FE68" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921EFFCD4C47F949FF49FE68" pageId="6" pageNumber="278" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(USMHC 2232). (E) Paratype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921EFFCD4B1AF968FD0AFE68" box="[544,640,1773,1795]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921EFFCD4B1AF968FD0AFE68" box="[544,640,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">A. nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921EFFCD4BBDF968FD53FE68" bold="true" box="[647,729,1774,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921EFFCD4BBDF968FD53FE68" box="[647,729,1774,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="278" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(USMHC 2233). (F) Juvenile
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921EFFCD4D2EF968FBFFFE68" box="[1044,1141,1773,1795]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921EFFCD4D2EF968FBFFFE68" box="[1044,1141,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">A. nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921EFFCD4D46F968FB47FE68" box="[1148,1229,1774,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="278" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921EFFCD4D46F968FB47FE68" bold="true" box="[1148,1229,1774,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
from Gunung Jerai, Kedah. All photographs by Evan Quah.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB54371E921EFFCC49FDF8CFFD9EFA53" blockId="6.[151,1436,1865,2034]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921EFFCD49FDF8CFFED0FE09" bold="true" box="[199,346,1865,1890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">Comparison</emphasis>
|
||||
. Morphological data for species comparison was obtained from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF7A4AEF921EFFCD4D72F8CCFB5DFE09" author="Inger, R. F." box="[1096,1239,1865,1890]" firstAuthor="Inger" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana: ZOOlOgy" pageId="6" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 402" part="52" refId="ref9357" refString="Inger, R. F. (1966) The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana: ZOOlOgy, 52, 1 - 402." title="The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo" type="journal article" year="1966">Inger (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and the material examined (Appendix).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921EFFCD48A4F8EBFDFAFEED" box="[414,624,1901,1926]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921EFFCD48A4F8EBFDFAFEED" box="[414,624,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">Abavorana nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921EFFCD4B42F8EBFD5FFEED" bold="true" box="[632,725,1901,1926]" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921EFFCD4B42F8EBFD5FFEED" box="[632,725,1901,1926]" pageId="6" pageNumber="278" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
is differentiated from Peninsular Malaysian populations of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921EFFCD4CBEF8E8FF7CFEC1" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luctuosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921EFFCD4CBEF8E8FF7CFEC1" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="278">A. luctuosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the following characters: colouration of the dorsum (a black dorsum, with or without faint, fine orange or yellow speckling versus an orange or reddish-brown dorsum; dorsolateral stripes that are yellow or orange versus white or cream); spots on the upper lips (present, large yellow spots, especially prominent below the tympanum versus absent or only faint white spot at the corner of the jaws); pattern along the flanks (prominent yellow or cream spots versus an absence of spots or very fine, white spots); pattern on the upper surface of the limbs (large, prominent, cream or yellow spots or short bars versus fine white or greyish-blue spots or bars); pattern of venter (large, prominent cream or yellow spots versus an immaculate venter or with occasional fine, inconspicuous spots or reticulations on the belly or underside of the thigh) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="43D02B9B921FFFCC4D3DFEA1FBFDF82B" box="[1031,1143,295,320]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1712,1734]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1866,1888]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionStartId-4="12.[151,250,1090,1112]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,185,1700]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,295,1737]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,225,1947]" captionTargetBox-3="[178,1431,212,1197]" captionTargetBox-4="[196,1397,193,1084]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,185,1700]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[151,1436,295,1737]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[151,1436,225,1947]" captionTargetId-3="figure@11.[178,1431,212,1197]" captionTargetId-4="figure@12.[192,1397,193,1084]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. (A) Holotype of AbavOrana nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2231). (B) Dorsal pattern of the holotype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2231). (C) Ventral pattern of the holotype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2231). (D) Paratype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2232). (E) Paratype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2233). (F) Juvenile A. nazgul sp. nov. from Gunung Jerai, Kedah. All photographs by Evan Quah." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. (A) Adult AbavOrana luctuOsa (LSUHC 11087) from Gunung Stong, Kelantan (Photograph by L. L. Grismer). (B) Adult A. luctuOsa (LSUHC 9731) from Sungai Sedim, Kedah (Photograph by L. L. Grismer). (C) Adult A. luctuOsa (USMHC 2310) from Penang Hill, Penang. (D) Ventral pattern of adult A. luctuOsa (USMHC 2310) from Penang Hill, Penang. (E) Juvenile A. luctuOsa (USMHC 2192) from Fraser’s Hill, Pahang. (F) Metamorph A. luctuOsa (USMHC 1662) from Genting Highlands, Pahang. Photographs by Evan Quah." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Type series of AbavOrana nazgul sp. nov. Top: View of the dorsum. Bottom: View of the venter." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Comparison of dorsum (top) and venter (bottom) of AbavOrana luctuOsa from Peninsular Malaysia." captionText-4="FIGURE 6. Distribution of AbavOrana in Peninsular Malaysia. Red star = type locality of A. nazgul sp. nov. at Gunung Jerai, Kedah, blue circle = reported localities of A. luctuOsa." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/891814/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/891816/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/891818/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/891820/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/891822/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Figs. 2–6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Occasionally, very dark individuals of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4804FECAFE35F80E" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[318,447,332,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luctuosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4804FECAFE35F80E" box="[318,447,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">A. luctuosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may be encountered or specimens with orange spots present on the dorsal surface of forearm, however these specimens can still be differentiated from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4AAAFEF6FC76F8E3" box="[912,1020,367,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4AAAFEF6FC76F8E3" box="[912,1020,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">A. nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4D3FFEE9FBEAF8E3" bold="true" box="[1029,1120,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921FFFCC4D3FFEE9FBEAF8E3" box="[1029,1120,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
by their immaculate flanks and venter or only very fine white spots present on the flanks (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="43D02B9B921FFFCC4A76FE12FC6EF8C7" box="[844,996,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1866,1888]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,295,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,295,1737]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A) Adult AbavOrana luctuOsa (LSUHC 11087) from Gunung Stong, Kelantan (Photograph by L. L. Grismer). (B) Adult A. luctuOsa (LSUHC 9731) from Sungai Sedim, Kedah (Photograph by L. L. Grismer). (C) Adult A. luctuOsa (USMHC 2310) from Penang Hill, Penang. (D) Ventral pattern of adult A. luctuOsa (USMHC 2310) from Penang Hill, Penang. (E) Juvenile A. luctuOsa (USMHC 2192) from Fraser’s Hill, Pahang. (F) Metamorph A. luctuOsa (USMHC 1662) from Genting Highlands, Pahang. Photographs by Evan Quah." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891816/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Figs. 3C & D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), as well as their phylogenetic position. The difference in colour pattern between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4B4AFE3EFD56F8BB" box="[624,732,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4B4AFE3EFD56F8BB" box="[624,732,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">A. nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921FFFCC4BDEFE31FCB5F8BB" box="[740,831,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4BDEFE31FCB5F8BB" bold="true" box="[740,831,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
and Bornean populations of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4DB6FE3EFA86F8BB" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1164,1292,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luctuosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4DB6FE3EFA86F8BB" box="[1164,1292,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">A. luctuosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is similar to those of Peninsular
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="A3FC778E921FFFCC484DFE5AFE54F89E" box="[375,478,476,501]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
with the exception being that the underside of the limbs in Bornean specimens have bold, cream-coloured bars (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF7A4AEF921FFFCC48E8FD86FDDEFB73" author="Inger, R. F." box="[466,596,511,536]" firstAuthor="Inger" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana: ZOOlOgy" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 402" part="52" refId="ref9357" refString="Inger, R. F. (1966) The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana: ZOOlOgy, 52, 1 - 402." title="The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo" type="journal article" year="1966">Inger 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; see Fig.
|
||||
<quantity id="1C139AFB921FFFCC4BFFFE79FC85FB73" box="[709,783,511,536]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0386" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" unit="in" value="159.0">159 in</quantity>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF7A4AEF921FFFCC4A22FE79FB86FB73" author="Malkmus, R. & Manthey, U. & Vogel, G. & Hoffmann, P. & Kosuch, J." bookContentInfo="424 pp." box="[792,1036,511,536]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Malkmus" journalOrPublisher="A. R. G. Ganter Verlag Kommanditgesellschaft, Ruggel" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" refId="ref9783" refString="Malkmus, R., Manthey, U., Vogel, G., Hoffmann, P. & Kosuch, J. (2002) Amphibians and Reptiles Of MOunt Kinabalu (NOrthBOrneO). A. R. G. Ganter Verlag Kommanditgesellschaft, Ruggel, 424 pp." title="Amphibians and Reptiles Of MOunt Kinabalu (NOrthBOrneO)" type="book" year="2002">
|
||||
Malkmus
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4AB1FD87FC35FB73" box="[907,959,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2002
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Examination of juveniles of both species shows that the juveniles resemble the adults (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="43D02B9B921FFFCC4A36FDA2FCE4FB57" box="[780,878,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1712,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,185,1700]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Holotype of AbavOrana nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2231). (B) Dorsal pattern of the holotype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2231). (C) Ventral pattern of the holotype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2231). (D) Paratype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2232). (E) Paratype of A. nazgul sp. nov. (USMHC 2233). (F) Juvenile A. nazgul sp. nov. from Gunung Jerai, Kedah. All photographs by Evan Quah." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891814/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Figs. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="43D02B9B921FFFCC4A44FDA2FC5AFB57" box="[894,976,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1866,1888]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,295,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,295,1737]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A) Adult AbavOrana luctuOsa (LSUHC 11087) from Gunung Stong, Kelantan (Photograph by L. L. Grismer). (B) Adult A. luctuOsa (LSUHC 9731) from Sungai Sedim, Kedah (Photograph by L. L. Grismer). (C) Adult A. luctuOsa (USMHC 2310) from Penang Hill, Penang. (D) Ventral pattern of adult A. luctuOsa (USMHC 2310) from Penang Hill, Penang. (E) Juvenile A. luctuOsa (USMHC 2192) from Fraser’s Hill, Pahang. (F) Metamorph A. luctuOsa (USMHC 1662) from Genting Highlands, Pahang. Photographs by Evan Quah." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891816/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">3E, 3F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), suggesting no ontogenetic changes in colouration for both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC48BFFDCEFE7BFB0B" box="[389,497,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC48BFFDCEFE7BFB0B" box="[389,497,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">A. nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC48C1FDC1FDDCFB0B" bold="true" box="[507,598,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921FFFCC48C1FDC1FDDCFB0B" box="[507,598,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4BA8FDCEFC98FB0B" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[658,786,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luctuosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4BA8FDCEFC98FB0B" box="[658,786,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">A. luctuosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In addition to colour pattern,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4D4CFDCEFB69FB0B" box="[1142,1251,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4D4CFDCEFB69FB0B" box="[1142,1251,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">A. nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921FFFCC4DD6FDC1FAC2FB34" box="[1260,1352,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4DD6FDC1FACBFB0B" bold="true" box="[1260,1345,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
can be differentiated from Peninsular Malaysian populations of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4A23FDEAFC12FBEE" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[793,920,620,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luctuosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4A23FDEAFC12FBEE" box="[793,920,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">A. luctuosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by their larger size in adult males (42.1–50.0 mm SVL versus
|
||||
<quantity id="1C139AFB921FFFCC486EFD09FE7DFBCC" box="[340,503,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.36" metricValueMax="4.45" metricValueMin="4.27" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" unit="mm" value="43.6" valueMax="44.5" valueMin="42.7">42.7–44.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
SVL) and their smaller humeral glands (
|
||||
<quantity id="1C139AFB921FFFCC4AFAFD16FB9DFBCC" box="[960,1047,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<quantity id="1C139AFB921FFFCC4D01FD16FB15FBCC" box="[1083,1183,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.21" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" unit="mm" value="42.1">42.1 mm</quantity>
|
||||
male versus
|
||||
<quantity id="1C139AFB921FFFCC4C0BFD16FA0AFBC3" box="[1329,1408,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8mm</quantity>
|
||||
in 42.0 mm male;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF7A4AEF921FFFCC487CFD33FE49FBA6" author="Inger, R. F." box="[326,451,692,717]" firstAuthor="Inger" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana: ZOOlOgy" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 402" part="52" refId="ref9357" refString="Inger, R. F. (1966) The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana: ZOOlOgy, 52, 1 - 402." title="The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo" type="journal article" year="1966">Inger 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In comparison, Bornean male
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4A1DFD32FC2FFBA6" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[807,933,692,717]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luctuosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4A1DFD32FC2FFBA6" box="[807,933,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">A. luctuosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are larger than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4D69FD32FB37FBA6" box="[1107,1213,692,717]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4D69FD32FB37FBA6" box="[1107,1213,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">A. nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921FFFCC4DF9FD32FA96FBA7" box="[1219,1308,692,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4DF9FD32FA9FFBA6" bold="true" box="[1219,1301,692,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(53.0–
|
||||
<quantity id="1C139AFB921FFFCC4C51FD32FF49FB84" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.88" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" unit="mm" value="58.8">58.8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
SVL versus 42.1–50.0 mm SVL) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF7A4AEF921FFFCC4B63FD5EFD51FB9B" author="Inger, R. F." box="[601,731,727,752]" firstAuthor="Inger" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana: ZOOlOgy" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 402" part="52" refId="ref9357" refString="Inger, R. F. (1966) The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana: ZOOlOgy, 52, 1 - 402." title="The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo" type="journal article" year="1966">Inger 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The size range reported for female
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4DB3FD5EFA80FB9B" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1161,1290,727,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luctuosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4DB3FD5EFA80FB9B" box="[1161,1290,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">A. luctuosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are between 53.0–60.0 mm SVL (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF7A4AEF921FFFCC48B0FD7AFD1FFA7E" author="Inger, R. F. & Stuebing, R. B." bookContentInfo="201 pp." box="[394,661,764,789]" firstAuthor="Inger" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn Bhd. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, viii" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" refId="ref9386" refString="Inger, R. F. & Stuebing, R. B. (2005) A Field Guide tO the FrOgs Of BOrneO. 2 nd EditiOn. Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn Bhd. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, viii + 201 pp." title="A Field Guide tO the FrOgs Of BOrneO. 2 nd EditiOn" type="book" year="2005">Inger & Stuebing 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) which is larger than the single female
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4D64FD7AFB40FA7E" box="[1118,1226,764,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4D64FD7AFB40FA7E" box="[1118,1226,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">A. nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921FFFCC4DE9FD7AFAA4FA7F" box="[1235,1326,764,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4DE9FD7AFAADFA7E" bold="true" box="[1235,1319,764,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="BDFAAFDB921FFFCC4C04FD7AFA16FA7F" box="[1342,1436,764,788]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gc15-4qsc" name="La Sierra University, Herpetological Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">LSUHC</collectionCode>
|
||||
10514) examined (
|
||||
<quantity id="1C139AFB921FFFCC4853FC99FE4DFA53" box="[361,455,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.279999999999999" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" unit="mm" value="52.8">52.8mm</quantity>
|
||||
SVL).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB54371E921FFFCC49FDFCC2FF66FC3F" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC49FDFCC2FE20FA36" baseAuthorityName="Sukumaran" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[199,426,836,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luctuosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC49FDFCC2FE20FA36" box="[199,426,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Abavorana luctuosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was previously grouped with frogs of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4AE9FCC2FB7EFA37" authority="(Dubois 1992)" authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1992" baseAuthorityName="Dubois" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[979,1268,836,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Pulchrana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4AE9FCC2FBC3FA36" box="[979,1097,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Pulchrana</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF7A4AEF921FFFCC4D63FCC2FB66FA37" author="Dubois, A." box="[1113,1260,836,861]" firstAuthor="Dubois" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Mensuel de la SOciete Linneenne de LyOn" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" pagination="305 - 352" part="61" refId="ref8106" refString="Dubois, A. (1992) Notes sur la classification des Ranidae (Amphibiens anoures). Bulletin Mensuel de la SOciete Linneenne de LyOn, 61, 305 - 352." title="Notes sur la classification des Ranidae (Amphibiens anoures)" type="journal article" year="1992">Dubois 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
prior to recent taxonomic revision (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF7A4AEF921FFFCC48BBFCE1FDD9FAEB" author="Oliver, L. A. & Prendini, E. & Kraus, F. & Raxworthy, C. J." box="[385,595,871,896]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Oliver" journalOrPublisher="MOlecular PhylOgenetics and EvOlutiOn" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" pagination="176 - 192" part="90" refId="ref10149" refString="Oliver, L. A., Prendini, E., Kraus, F. & Raxworthy, C. J. (2015) Systematics and biogeography of the Hylarana frog (Anura: Ranidae) radiation across tropical Australasia, Southeast Asia, and Africa. MOlecular PhylOgenetics and EvOlutiOn, 90, 176 - 192." title="Systematics and biogeography of the Hylarana frog (Anura: Ranidae) radiation across tropical Australasia, Southeast Asia, and Africa" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Oliver
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC48E9FCEFFD8DFAEB" box="[467,519,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4BE7FCEEFCC0FAEB" box="[733,842,871,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4BE7FCEEFCC0FAEB" box="[733,842,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">A. nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4A69FCE1FC24FAEB" bold="true" box="[851,942,871,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921FFFCC4A69FCE1FC24FAEB" box="[851,942,871,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
can be differentiated from members of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC49ADFC0AFEF7FACF" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[151,381,908,933]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Pulchrana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="picturata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC49ADFC0AFEF7FACF" box="[151,381,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Pulchrana picturata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex by the following characteristics; dorsolateral line (indistinct versus a fine or warty and poorly developed); position of humeral gland (ventral surface versus anteroventral surface of brachium); rictal ridge (weak versus a medium to well-developed); outer metatarsal tubercle (absent or weak versus present and large); and texture of flanks (smooth versus weakly warty) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF7A4AEF921FFFCC4A01FC71FB83FD7B" author="Oliver, L. A. & Prendini, E. & Kraus, F. & Raxworthy, C. J." box="[827,1033,1015,1040]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Oliver" journalOrPublisher="MOlecular PhylOgenetics and EvOlutiOn" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" pagination="176 - 192" part="90" refId="ref10149" refString="Oliver, L. A., Prendini, E., Kraus, F. & Raxworthy, C. J. (2015) Systematics and biogeography of the Hylarana frog (Anura: Ranidae) radiation across tropical Australasia, Southeast Asia, and Africa. MOlecular PhylOgenetics and EvOlutiOn, 90, 176 - 192." title="Systematics and biogeography of the Hylarana frog (Anura: Ranidae) radiation across tropical Australasia, Southeast Asia, and Africa" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Oliver
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4AB1FC7FFC37FD7B" box="[907,957,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4D21FC71FB60FD7B" box="[1051,1258,1015,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4D21FC71FB60FD7B" box="[1051,1258,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Abavorana nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921FFFCC4DC8FC71FAC1FD64" box="[1266,1355,1015,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4DC8FC71FACFFD7B" bold="true" box="[1266,1349,1015,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
can be further differentiated from
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC48E6FB9BFD5DFD5E" box="[476,727,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC48E6FB9BFD59FD5E" box="[476,723,1052,1077]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Pulchrana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="centropeninsularis">P. centropeninsularis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
a species with a similar colour pattern, by the following combination of characters; dorsum in adults that is black with faint orange or yellow speckles versus dorsum that is black and unmarked; orange or yellow versus bright vermillion dorsolateral stripe; larger size of adult males (42.1– 50.0 mm vs.
|
||||
<quantity id="1C139AFB921FFFCC480EFB01FE51FDCB" box="[308,475,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="3.76" metricValueMin="3.7399999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="37.6" valueMin="37.4">37.4–37.6 mm</quantity>
|
||||
SVL); a small humeral gland on the ventral surface of the brachium versus large humeral gland on lateroventral surface of brachium; and absence versus presence of indistinct, translucent, supernumerary tubercles at the base of first phalanx on each finger.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4AB6FB49FB50FD83" box="[908,1242,1231,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Pulchrana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="centropeninsularis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4AB6FB49FB50FD83" box="[908,1242,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Pulchrana centropeninsularis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is also a lowland species recorded from
|
||||
<quantity id="1C139AFB921FFFCC48A3FB72FD81FC67" box="[409,523,1268,1293]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" unit="m" value="97.5" valueMax="105.0" valueMin="90.0">90–105 m</quantity>
|
||||
in elevation from central Peninsular
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="A3FC778E921FFFCC4A88FB72FB92FC66" box="[946,1048,1268,1293]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
in the state of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="192FF9FC921FFFCC4DFFFB72FA9DFC66" box="[1221,1303,1268,1293]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Pahang</collectingRegion>
|
||||
whereas
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4CBEFB72FF68FC5B" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4CBEFB72FF68FC5B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">A. nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921FFFCC49D1FA91FECCFC5B" box="[235,326,1303,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC49D1FA91FECAFC5B" bold="true" box="[235,320,1303,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
is a montane species found only above
|
||||
<quantity id="1C139AFB921FFFCC4A22FA9EFCE8FC5B" box="[792,866,1304,1328]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||||
in elevation at Gunung Jerai,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="192FF9FC921FFFCC4DFBFA91FA80FC5B" box="[1217,1290,1303,1328]" country="Malaysia" name="Kedah" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Kedah</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF7A4AEF921FFFCC4C21FA91FF6AFC3F" author="Chan, K. O. & Brown, R. M. & Lim, K. K. P. & Ahmad, N. & Grismer, L. L." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Chan" journalOrPublisher="HerpetOlOgica" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" pagination="228 - 240" part="70" refId="ref7654" refString="Chan, K. O., Brown, R. M., Lim, K. K. P., Ahmad, N. & Grismer, L. L. (2014 a) A new species of frog (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae) of the Hylarana signata complex from Peninsular Malaysia. HerpetOlOgica, 70 (2), 228 - 240." title="A new species of frog (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae) of the Hylarana signata complex from Peninsular Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="a">
|
||||
Chan
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4C5BFA9FFA1FFC5B" box="[1377,1429,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2014a
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="93F16495921FFFCC49FDFAD9FBB3FE26" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB54371E921FFFCC49FDFAD9FBB3FE26" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC49FDFAD9FDDDFC13" bold="true" box="[199,599,1375,1400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Distribution and natural history.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4B5BFAD9FCB8FC13" box="[609,818,1375,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4B5BFAD9FCB8FC13" box="[609,818,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Abavorana nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4A06FAD9FC13FC13" bold="true" box="[828,921,1375,1400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921FFFCC4A06FAD9FC13FC13" box="[828,921,1375,1400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
is only known from the upper elevations of Gunung Jerai,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="192FF9FC921FFFCC4800FA02FE09FCF6" box="[314,387,1412,1437]" country="Malaysia" name="Kedah" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Kedah</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="43D02B9B921FFFCC48ABFA02FE5FFCF6" box="[401,469,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1090,1112]" captionTargetBox="[196,1397,193,1084]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[192,1397,193,1084]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Distribution of AbavOrana in Peninsular Malaysia. Red star = type locality of A. nazgul sp. nov. at Gunung Jerai, Kedah, blue circle = reported localities of A. luctuOsa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891822/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF7A4AEF921FFFCC48D3FA02FD30FCF6" author="Sukumaran, J." bookContentInfo="102 pp." box="[489,698,1412,1437]" firstAuthor="Sukumaran" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" refId="ref10478" refString="Sukumaran, J. (2005) Anuran Assemblages Of Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 102 pp." title="Anuran Assemblages Of Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia" type="book" year="2005">Sukumaran (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reports finding this species from
|
||||
<quantity id="1C139AFB921FFFCC4D14FA02FB30FCF7" box="[1070,1210,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" unit="m" value="1000.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="800.0">800–1200 m</quantity>
|
||||
in elevation at three different locations, Mushroom Creek, Caecilian Stream, and Batu Kapal. The specimens we found were at the stream close to Telaga Tok Sheikh. This species is riparian and found in the vicinity of streams (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="43D02B9B921FFFCC4DE6FA4AFAABFC8F" box="[1244,1313,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,2012,2034]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,1192,2000]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[172,1416,1192,2000]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Streamside microhabitat of AbavOrana nazgul sp. nov. at Gunung Jerai, Kedah." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891824/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
). At night, frogs can be found hiding in the leaf litter, vegetation, tangled roots or overhanging banks along streams. Similar to observations by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF7A4AEF921FFFCC4869F992FDA3FF46" author="Sukumaran, J." bookContentInfo="102 pp." box="[339,553,1556,1581]" firstAuthor="Sukumaran" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" refId="ref10478" refString="Sukumaran, J. (2005) Anuran Assemblages Of Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 102 pp." title="Anuran Assemblages Of Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia" type="book" year="2005">Sukumaran (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, males can be heard calling from the banks of the stream, sometimes hidden among the roots of plants or in crevices. The males had a distinctive “mew”-like call and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF7A4AEF921FFFCC4D42F9B1FAC2FF3B" author="Sukumaran, J." bookContentInfo="102 pp." box="[1144,1352,1591,1616]" firstAuthor="Sukumaran" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" refId="ref10478" refString="Sukumaran, J. (2005) Anuran Assemblages Of Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 102 pp." title="Anuran Assemblages Of Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia" type="book" year="2005">Sukumaran (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reports finding gravid females between November to March. He also reported observing tadpoles during this period that were found in deeper, sediment-bottomed, open pool sections of the creek during this same time period. We found recently emerged juveniles in April that indicates this species breeds in the later months and the beginning of the year which is the dry season in the Northwestern region of Peninsular
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="A3FC778E921FFFCC4A98F941FB83FF8B" box="[930,1033,1735,1760]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF7A4AEF921FFFCC4D2DF941FB56FF8B" author="Sukumaran, J." bookContentInfo="102 pp." box="[1047,1244,1735,1760]" firstAuthor="Sukumaran" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" refId="ref10478" refString="Sukumaran, J. (2005) Anuran Assemblages Of Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 102 pp." title="Anuran Assemblages Of Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia" type="book" year="2005">Sukumaran 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Along the same stream where
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4800F96AFE2DFE6E" box="[314,423,1772,1797]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4800F96AFE2DFE6E" box="[314,423,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">A. nazgul</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC488AF96AFD87FE6E" bold="true" box="[432,525,1772,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2AC5677921FFFCC488AF96AFD87FE6E" box="[432,525,1772,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
was found,
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4BA4F96AFB7AFE6E" box="[670,1264,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4BA4F96AFCEBFE6F" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" box="[670,865,1772,1797]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Phrynoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asper">Phrynoidis asper</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4A55F96BFBDBFE6E" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[879,1105,1772,1797]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blythii">Limnonectes blythii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4D65F96BFB7AFE6E" baseAuthorityName="Anderson" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1119,1264,1772,1797]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="khasianus">L. khasianus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4C16F96AFF47FE43" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hosii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4C16F96AFF47FE43" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Odorrana hosii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were observed. In the nearby vegetation,
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4BF5F889FB5AFE43" box="[719,1232,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4BF5F889FBFAFE43" authority=", Philautus" authorityName="Philautus" box="[719,1136,1807,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Polypedates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomystax">Polypedates leucomystax, Philautus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
petersi,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC4C2EF889FF73FE26" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Roarchestes parvulus</emphasis>
|
||||
were also observed. These species were also noted by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF7A4AEF921FFFCC4A5AF8B2FBBEFE26" author="Sukumaran, J." bookContentInfo="102 pp." box="[864,1076,1844,1869]" firstAuthor="Sukumaran" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" refId="ref10478" refString="Sukumaran, J. (2005) Anuran Assemblages Of Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 102 pp." title="Anuran Assemblages Of Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia" type="book" year="2005">Sukumaran (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="93F16495921FFFCC49FDF8D1FCF4FEB6" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB54371E921FFFCC49FDF8D1FCF4FEB6" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC49FDF8D1FEC4FE1B" bold="true" box="[199,334,1879,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||||
The specific epithet “
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CEB4C9D921FFFCC4B68F8D1FD2BFE1B" box="[594,673,1879,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Abavorana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazgul">nazgul</taxonomicName>
|
||||
” is a noun in apposition in reference to the “Nazgûl”, characters created by J.R.R. Tolkien in
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99FEB0C921FFFCC48E1F8FAFD59FEFF" box="[475,723,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="279">The Lord of the Rings</emphasis>
|
||||
(1954). Also known as Ring-wraiths, they were nine men who succumbed to Sauron’s power and were transformed into white ghostly figures wearing black cloaks—the colouration that the new population being described herein shares.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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Reference in a new issue