added DD
This commit is contained in:
maintenance
parent
addd12dd34
commit
ce7c4032e1
1676 changed files with 305037 additions and 0 deletions
511
data/DD/1F/03/DD1F036A8AEEBEE874DE3523AC005007.xml
Normal file
511
data/DD/1F/03/DD1F036A8AEEBEE874DE3523AC005007.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
|
|||
<document id="52CB14DF93F19DFF6394DD8925F8900C" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.636.8879" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7db7e745-54dd-4769-ad63-721491a499d7" ID-PMC="PMC5126514" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-636-1" ID-PubMed="27917062" ID-ZooBank="55CD34169B9040DDA34A2026640E1E83" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-636-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 636" ModsDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy of the genus Onchidium Buchannan, 1800 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Onchidiidae)" checkinTime="1480088870754" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dayrat, Benoit, Goulding, Tricia C., Apte, Deepak, Bhave, Vishal, Joseph Comendador,, Qua, ng, Ngo Xuan, Tan, Siong Kiat & Tan, Shau Hwai" docDate="2016" docId="DD1F036A8AEEBEE874DE3523AC005007" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 636: 1-40" docOrigin="ZooKeys 636" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.636.8879" docTitle="Onchidium typhae Buchannan 1800" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="E244DD2EFFEBFF93FB758C5FFF9CFFDB" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy of the genus Onchidium Buchannan, 1800 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Onchidiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1701318341712" updateUser="plazi">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="D49A0BA9FDBFF5A0808A4899D0B79BCD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="AA512115282F4BE02924505285118B4B">
|
||||
<mods:title id="B2E6017C36E18156F6D844F1E5ED6CBE">Integrative taxonomy of the genus Onchidium Buchannan, 1800 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Onchidiidae)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="67CD273665B18A77F92D0D2AB1FFBB8C" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="99B24A4165D7A3D951B59E6710A2C3A4">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="CDAE27F27B5623D40050CF09C5C354FE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="E6B2A97FBACE96635495EC156AFD27BC">Dayrat, Benoit</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="CB12BF6B05D8D15C816E7F0FAE4226AD" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="02603F162A8A984DA032DBD080BE131A">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="DC14AF0DD8CB38AE08DF619012CC9A24">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="8BA635CEF691402E4538D5927421012F">Goulding, Tricia C.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="CB16CE1D3A3810430CE1E110B193040C" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="010C7B23D87E9B51A8C28758541B5CDC">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="9C0D75F481E208FAD4525C4036F5B2F0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="50683537E1705886B38C5E6AC5005B16">Apte, Deepak</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="2ADABEFA4D295965BCAD9BE2CFBB690E" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="F616EC0A5EA67B3984FD33265C8E0F28">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="459F2348B89707F5384DD5A7F72F2E3B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="94B19AD3543C53EC22E0AC345258457C">Bhave, Vishal</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="4C1A5C07500B50F71DEB6103421EA6DE" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="2E4D1E9F5F07BAF8DEEC1E306598F205">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="9D048E83A68DC565226F82EF27B75CFD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="683EB7120E9BCAAB6B16ECCB19653F32">Joseph Comendador,</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="5A781DE9C6C5FF8995F5F5A6095AA861" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="825B8E70087495B6D594B25FA8488A7D">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="4E56B6C6ED130A76BD22114DFA3822C8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="EAC67DC4854396EFE5BAB2F3503EDB8A">Qua, ng, Ngo Xuan</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="F7B3692E3C4DD9595FB8BA9B07ECD534" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="973D8250F959D76A92895FBCD818A2D9">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="0A45E6A05E236B93656D7C6704E88B43">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="8CE89922F94107E28C11F0076F3BCD10">Tan, Siong Kiat</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="E8D8389A40247AB39A09713A15D0F9A5" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="3FB1F5E2AB740A771086549E48D377D7">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="E3C784DC5E67CF3DF1C6E1C282B1A4A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="B21DC9D85837A9C4862B0AA09354D544">Tan, Shau Hwai</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="4475B46E4CDB9947E6F4BD4D8D24B3AB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="7EAA1020E89B7A4392F592CCAD760AE6" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="6ECD1247703769EAC9E351284C4E1F1C">
|
||||
<mods:title id="33AE141465A12309AAF69241B9841956">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="A1C736B61794AA861C0EE3FACFC9E4E6">
|
||||
<mods:date id="AAC0A6E9C8818AD24E8CE1AEF0151964">2016</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="1FF0D47A67A0AEDC4F8E1A130A6F3174" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="44A03987AD17A66B71500FFE532B5BDB">636</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="C8F23C8EC885BEFA83CA47AB4607A990" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="32A54F88B772E561C2D51D72A2B638D0">1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="6D28ADA8C762B5FC1875161A20DA4262">40</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location id="36AC0078BD8B7A0FD218742DB3729B8D">
|
||||
<mods:url id="642DC46F9C7912A02FC820FC562B547F">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.636.8879</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="82937C3F0619F9FE44C7633A8939980C">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="2F79A164C6F396B179007056D28FD714" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.636.8879</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="A02EC7C72D9013959B3FA105D5A89703" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-636-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="31F8997A6F52D243DC28F4A1D52FF01B" type="ZooBank">55CD34169B9040DDA34A2026640E1E83</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="DD1F036A8AEEBEE874DE3523AC005007" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127882709" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD1F036A8AEEBEE874DE3523AC005007" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD1F036A8AEEBEE874DE3523AC005007" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F14CC333FD35ECFB64927691B7C93127" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0A121656D6DA4EA9A0C6B85720D2D5F0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A9EE8A73C7DB6071A94438564FBAC05A" ID-CoL="49FSB" authority="Buchannan, 1800" authorityName="Buchannan" authorityYear="1800" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae Buchannan, 1800</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figs 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="40ED1DA38A4C17CC7611E04235A52E32" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F73CF054D94B2579382270CB9B71527" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="83A674E3AC92DF3A17AF0D6B10D5DFEC" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Buchannan, 1800: 132-134, plate V, figs 1-3;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="69016B2F8CAEA2ED2864DCF239F581B0" author="Stoliczka, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="86 - 111" title="The malacology of Lower Bengal." volume="38" year="1869">Stoliczka 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 90-103, plate xiv, figs 1-6.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BCBE28E36BE6C5C140A6EB049850FA71" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4C106006B6C2550DD004DA7F60C79F45" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7203CDDB930A681267E5FF4C21C985F7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="90BB92DA0A9060A2180F1A74CFDD2904" originalValue="“Bengal.”">"Bengal."</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Bengal is a vast region of eastern India (and Bangladesh) around the delta of the Ganges. Collecting specimens in West Bengal was the best that could be done to try to go back to the type locality.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="72206C49241FA8D197B61D64B3179494" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B4466B7F5A84A1A9BDF034AE83174AD9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E6171D4DEE35E3DF5D28411115740F21" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
The original type material could not be located and is likely lost. Given that the identity of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8EF3A72EE0D42C24223D63BBB012C3BC" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is no longer problematic, there is no need to designate a neotype.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2020BDF330344CB0033764BCE372BF37" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="826E5B8B765E1F69C63221C452EBA453" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Additional material dissected.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3974F6AAAA77573D72D248EBE063D9F3" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
Bangladesh, Sundarbans, delta, October 1927, 1 specimen [25/15 mm], leg. Konietzko, det. as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8176933BB21477551777D72B37C83A08" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(ZMH 27506/2); India, West Bengal, Sundarbans, Bally, Datta River,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="675713B684F430BC014B5A5C01626683" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="21.98795">21°59.277'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="8B274B46B5A03ABC0D5E063B0F7942C7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="88.75355">088°45.213'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 04 January 2011, 5 specimens (45/25 to 40/25 mm), leg. B. Dayrat & V. Bhave, [station 48, very narrow band of mud with a few sparse
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9A738C0C885C690BBE46100E4A422006" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Avicennia" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Avicennia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
trees, between the edge of the river and the walls protecting the village, no old logs since firewood is a precious
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="8C62F54A1081EEC7716756D2C960D151" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">resource</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
] (BNHS); Sundarbans, Amlamethi Island, Bidyadhari River,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="0032804EFEDD22C1941936A2AAB54D4A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="22.08205">22°04.923'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="DC63D734BAB4179197F02307B3950F9F" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="88.69804">088°41.882'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 05 January 2011, 1 specimen (40/30 [DNA 1064] mm), leg. B. Dayrat & V. Bhave, [station 49, very soft mud on the shore with recently-planted
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8F13B11233161D352201FC58FEF3BE1F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Avicennia" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Avicennia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
trees; uninhabited island] (BNHS); India, Andaman Islands, Middle Andaman, Rangat, Yerrata, Saban,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="50F1AC3774409600F1D919B15BD2F737" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="12.457517">12°27.451'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="BB1349AF018AA4A7BA270330B100B7E3" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="92.89653">092°53.792'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 10 January 2011, 3 specimens (45/20 to 35/20 mm), leg. B. Dayrat & V. Bhave, [station 56, open, impacted mangrove patch by a creek, near village, with medium trees and old logs] (BNHS); Middle Andaman, Rangat, Shyamkund,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="8043E5FD0E3C9E80DB79F0095E8BA7DD" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="12.48255">12°28.953'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C3113E2CF42531887CBCA59124055A32" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="92.84396">092°50.638'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 11 January 2011, 25 specimens (55/30 to 30/15 mm; 40/20 [DNA 1089] mm), leg. B. Dayrat & V. Bhave, [station 57, by a large river, deep mangrove with tall trees, small creeks, and plenty of old muddy logs, next to a road and a small cemented bridge for creek] (BNHS); Middle Andaman, Shantipur, Kadamtala,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3D95624EFE8F76472F3D5F03BCCBFCB1" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="12.330717">12°19.843'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="CE6C8882757045530DD737C435F83E41" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="92.77295">092°46.377'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 12 January 2011, 25 specimens (65/30 to 30/20 mm; 40/20 [DNA 1109]), leg. B. Dayrat & V. Bhave, [station 58, open area with hard mud and many old logs, next to a mangrove with medium trees] (BNHS); South Andaman, Bamboo Flat, Shoal Bay,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="854AFBBC0D6A2FC63A31F3DBEFB3C2B5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="11.792183">11°47.531'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3C257B34999DBFA7650C1BA7C6CC690B" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="92.70962">092°42.577'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 13 January 2011, 7 specimens (50/35 to 40/25 mm), leg. B. Dayrat & V. Bhave, [station 59, open mangrove with medium trees, hard mud, old logs, next to a road and a small cemented bridge for creek] (BNHS); Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Merbok,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="09F09F8E1C52E5444EAB9FB723B2E925" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.6505833">05°39.035'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="1BEB1ABA9378B68A6C4E79EBEBB48DF4" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="100.4297">100°25.782'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 12 July 2011, 1 specimen (35/24 mm), leg. B. Dayrat & T. Goulding, [station 21, deep
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DABCA0F4CE3BED4C2313470ED8555D11" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhizophora" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhizophora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
forest with old, tall trees, hard mud, many small creeks and many old logs] (USMMC 00001); Langkawi Island, Tanjung Rhu,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C284E7821DF5E5451FBD00B491A1111A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="6.429517">06°25.771'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="BED3BDCF56C8915A2DEEE19CC2B6DCF8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="99.82394">099°49.436'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 13 July 2011, 2 specimens (60/35 [#1] and 27/18 mm), leg. B. Dayrat, [station 23, dense forest with young trees, a few creeks] (USMMC 00002); Langkawi Island, Tanjung Rhu,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="1DA2609F03055BF761B6F7EF6CDE3A3A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="6.42195">06°25.317'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="2D119AB66FA2E0B0879574AA1B4A2DD1" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="99.8351">099°50.106'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 15 July 2011, 2 specimens (45/40 and 27/17 [DNA 967] mm), leg. B. Dayrat, [station 26, open forest (mostly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9A7304882764170E07677C4BB9B70E9A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhizophora" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhizophora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) with high mud lobster mounds] (USMMC 00003); Peninsular Malaysia, Matang, off Kuala Sepatang, Crocodile River, Sungai Babi Manpus,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="59C6FEFB1C14F9992F950C8FE65F0C62" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.818283">04°49.097'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="00B5C18A8EC9734DE23B217573F10827" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="100.62283">100°37.370'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 19 July 2011, 4 specimens (32/20 to 20/17 mm), leg. B. Dayrat & T. Goulding, [station 28, old and open
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A058A8AB50E35A8CB9C0342B8FBB4336" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhizophora" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhizophora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
forest with tall trees, hard mud, creeks, and many old logs] (USMMC 00004); Matang, close to the jetty, facing
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A5EF2D28AA6DE1684FC26C3C7C6FC385" originalValue="fishermen’s">fishermen's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
village on the other side of river,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="82813E83706D15EAB58B1BCDC4D73E4B" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.8359">04°50.154'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="256303814B0628046F246955CCD108B2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="100.60613">100°36.368'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 20 July 2011, 18 specimens (42/24 [#1] to 28/18 [#2] and 15/10 [DNA 965] mm), leg. B. Dayrat & T. Goulding, [station 29, oldest and open
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E62F3607867A35D22D75A65D2FBC834B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhizophora" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhizophora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
forest of tallest and beautiful trees, with hard mud, many creeks, and many old logs] (USMMC 00005); Singapore, Semakau Island,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="92B770CB89EBD08BA06ED60311C5993A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.2013834">01°12.083'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="FD0C473A9780FCA369D93425CF4D236C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="103.75975">103°45.585'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 4 April 2010, 1 specimen (40/22 [DNA 1007] mm), leg. B. Dayrat & S. K. Tan, [station 8, artificial, landfill island with low and very dense newly-planted
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1894DC8A0E516693147747CBF1E1DEB7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhizophora" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhizophora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
trees; muddy areas in between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E5CEDA946E09CA18CDFB2C232C30A69E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhizophora" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhizophora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
patches and coral rubble close to the shore] (ZRC.MOL.6396);, Lim Chu Kang,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3BD6B7D135D7AE72D23788B25B9719A6" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.4464166">01°26.785'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="69ABCA086F18D9E0DF2230CECAA042B4" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="103.70885">103° 42.531'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 5 April 2010, 3 specimens (40/20, 38/22 [#1], and 19/10 mm), leg. B. Dayrat & S. K. Tan, [station 9, mangrove east of the jetty; open forest with medium trees and medium mud; ended on sun-exposed mudflat outside the mangrove with soft mud; very polluted with trash] (ZRC.MOL.6397).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9B0E2D5E926BC9029DFF44E84BD658AE" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C7449545E5EDC0D15D3F25EA0FDB5E75" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="767786E1589CABB70BF480A50EA4106C" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="26FB9806F25757C97B5FFACBA636A26D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
(Fig. 2). India: Bengal (type locality;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="ECE7792888C66F6F1374E74E4D9D4272" author="Stoliczka, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="86 - 111" title="The malacology of Lower Bengal." volume="38" year="1869">Stoliczka 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; present study), Andaman Islands (present study). Bangladesh (present study). Singapore (present study). Malaysia (present study).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CEF6A1A03C277FD5615AF55A73FE5369" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="habitat">
|
||||
<paragraph id="51F1DEAAF7ECD967930AE49389FD4C7F" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Habitat</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FFB8DA159427AF314CFDF377727941E0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
(Fig. 3). In West Bengal,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6D8EDA674D41A3A86E9FD05D79B5BED" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was collected at both sites on soft mud, just next to the river (brackish water) and a few sparse
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="477A795FF3B3F7B53883FE8A0D3218A5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Avicennia" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Avicennia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
trees. In the Andaman Islands, it was collected directly on the mud, on the muddy surface (most often at the base) of tree trunks and roots, and on muddy old logs, inside old and deep mangroves with tall trees as well as more open muddy areas; it was also found on the cemented walls of small bridges (under a road next to mangrove). In Singapore, it was collected on muddy old logs. In Malaysia, it was most often found on muddy old logs and on muddy tree trunks and roots, as well as on the surface of the mud (especially that of mud lobster mounds).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23026662053954750176760EECDB0767" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a very cryptic species, especially when it is on the surface of the mud, and one needs to patiently look for it to find it, especially because it is rarely abundant (see below).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="BDCF45CB0635C2BF354E3B3C60B93A5A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<paragraph id="805F97AAC813CDCAB1B43A3EEC282813" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
Figure 3. Habitats for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F4A030729D30F658E36164E703F56D1E" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A India, West Bengal, very soft mud on the shore with recently-planted
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="147ADEDD5FCB515C3DBF9C6EE792939E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Avicennia" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Avicennia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
trees (station 49) B India, Andaman Islands, by a large river, deep mangrove with tall trees, small creeks, and plenty of old muddy logs (station 57) C Malaysia, Matang, old and open
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="77FB6E4ADE4EFDCF36D38451EC02ED0F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhizophora" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhizophora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
forest with tall trees, hard mud, creeks, and many old logs (station 28) D Malaysia, Langkawi Island, open forest with high mud lobster (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D8791F68363A7984E3E026320DFE2AB8" class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Thalassina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thalassina" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Thalassina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) mounds (station 26).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FDA74BFAFA748426A3A80021D4C1FAF" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="abundance">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B31976C421FA033DA5090DFB04EF7C82" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Abundance.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2937368B970058A58F7A869EE8028445" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
In the Sundarbans,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="84BBB85A35BC076A0C6C22379AC4C084" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was found in two of the four mangrove sites that were visited, but for a total of only six specimens. In the Andaman Islands, it
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="9E84C4A0BACA9670584E43848B25729C" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">was</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
found in four of the five mangrove sites visited. The mangrove site where
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0EF2BD5618A2994FD57CB105DD973689" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was not found was not at all muddy but rather, comprised a sandy patch of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="22663658128DCD1D41BCAAB60D1FC8C9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Avicennia" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Avicennia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by a coral rubble sandy beach. It was especially abundant at two sites (many specimens were observed but not collected), mostly on or near old logs. In Malaysia,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C1543E5E8E5138F01A68FD3C4E101F2E" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was found in only five of the 18 mangroves that were visited and it was abundant (17 specimens collected) only at one site, which happens to be one of the best, oldest, most pristine, and most diverse mangrove forests we have ever seen anywhere. In Singapore,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34BCD80A856E6B1D6D5BE8AFEA1750FB" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was found in three of the five mangroves that were visited (the two sites mentioned above, and one site by the Mandai River where one specimen was collected but ultimately escaped). However, it is rare there (only five specimens collected in total).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E48B6CA5BEBC3A455972FEC278EE5BCB" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="color and morphology of live animals">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6AC87A299432417544C2777F88563D85" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Color and morphology of live animals</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B06631DD70647EF4F6BD3BC4BE61D147" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
(Fig. 4). Live animals are abundantly covered with mud and the color of their dorsum can hardly be seen at all. In fact, if it were not for their fecal pellets and their long ocular tentacles, they would be really difficult to find because they can be very cryptic. Once the mud is washed out, their dorsum is brownish, with no particular pattern. The color of the foot and of the hyponotum is important because it differs from the other species described here. The foot and the hyponotum vary from gray to yellow in color, and show sometimes even a greenish hue. The color of the foot and the hyponotum may or may not have the same color. It is remarkable that the color of the foot and of the hyponotum of a particular individual can change rapidly, especially when disturbed. The lateral sides of the foot remain dark grey. Distally, the long ocular tentacles are reddish brown. Proximally, they are darker brown and less reddish, speckled with many tiny white dots. The ocular tentacles are extremely long (easily 2 cm when the animal is undisturbed). The ocular tentacles of all
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="980D2B54E0C694DA18C477083D063393" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species described here are significantly longer than in other onchidiids, which is a useful character in the field to identify a slug as an
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="04B2D0E647B3523CD7547C3320B5C1C6" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The head is reddish brown to black, with many white dots evenly distributed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="12C989797D24D95934E0F6757C038894" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5F7B5546746AFC517D5A20C2B88CEB1F" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
Figure 4. Live specimens,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A2C6B615451EE04FA4EF438DAD02FDD6" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A Dorsal view, 45 mm long, India, West Bengal, station 48 (BNHS) B Dorsal view, 55 mm long, India, Andaman Islands, station 57 (BNHS) C Dorsal view, 40 mm long, Singapore (ZRC.MOL.6396) D Frontal view, 25 mm wide, India, Andaman Islands, station 57 (BNHS) E Ventral view, 50 mm long, India, Andaman Islands, station 59 (BNHS) F Ventral view, 40 mm long [DNA 1064], India, West Bengal, station 49 (BNHS) G Dorso-lateral view, 40 mm long, India, Andaman Islands, station 59 (BNHS) H Dorsal view, 42 mm long, Malaysia, Matang (USMMC 00005, #1).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FB648EEE33DF41673E553A22E4C02E12" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
When animals are not disturbed, the dorsum is typically covered by large pointed papillae that rest on larger, hemispherical bases. Those pointed papillae are unique to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F3919275D6FB7CA4471B66DB2649500E" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and extremely useful for identification in the field. For a long time (before we realized those slugs were
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="18C8900C92398D636E9A78D50B669026" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the strict sense), we called them the
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C0690AA2879FBF9CE8E1115C23350341" originalValue="“spiky”">"spiky"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
slugs to refer to the unique pointed papillae. Those papillae may seem to be arranged in two to four longitudinal ridges (each with five to ten papillae), but this is not the rule. They bear from one to four black "dorsal eyes" at their tip but some papillae do not bear dorsal eyes (especially on the dorsum margin). As in many other onchidiids, there is a central peduncle entirely retractable within the notum. The central peduncle bears three or four "dorsal eyes" but its size is similar to the large pointed papillae (i.e., it is not significantly larger than the other large papillae). The large pointed papillae are surrounded by small papillae as well, which may be rounded or pointed. As soon as the animal is disturbed (by walking on the mud on which it crawls or by touching its dorsum), all dorsal papillae rapidly retract and the animal looks completely different. It then is evenly covered with minute pointed papillae. The body of disturbed animals also is more humped and their ocular tentacles are entirely retracted. One has to patiently wait for a long time for a disturbed slug to relax again (easily 10 or 15 minutes)
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="9B28B6E8086AB38E00520D3EC8176A4B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">so</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
the rule is "take a picture first and then touch it!" Interestingly, the appearance of the dorsum of live, disturbed animals is very close to the appearance of preserved animals, which was quite useful when examining type materials of existing species and recognizing them as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DEA52FAADFBB10DE5C31C2BCE36D7F6" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species. Crawling individuals can easily measure 30 to 40 mm in length (largest individuals measured 65 mm).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="84EE331A31E05FA9BC20172540D14B42" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="external morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5A66F5BA0065F9FC8B386CE493BDA72D" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="B0141E3702E9EB11B47551615738D945" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">External</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
morphology
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D9DE78877E475B3DAFAE91BBE938ECBD" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
(Figs 5
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D9B4BAA222F52860BF461F71EC262808" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
). Preserved specimens no longer display the distinct color traits seen in live animals. The color of preserved animals is meaningless and uninformative. The body is not flattened. The notum is elongated, occasionally oval. Dorsal gills are absent. The notum is evenly covered by papillae. Large papillae with hemispherical bases are typical for live animals but, in preserved animals, those papillae are pointier and smaller. These larger papillae are surrounded by even smaller papillae. As in live animals, papillae with so-called 'dorsal
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2C1B0192BAF2E3406E70F90A684B5DB2" originalValue="eyes’">eyes'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
are present. There is a central, retractable peduncle in the center of the notum, but it can only be seen in live animals in the field. The hyponotum is horizontal. The width of the hyponotum relative to the width of the pedal sole varies among individuals. The width of the hyponotum ranges from about 1/3 to 1/2 its total width, occasionally extending to 4/5 its total width. The anus is posterior, medial, close to the edge of the pedal sole. On the right side (to the left in ventral view), a peripodial groove is present at the junction between the pedal sole and the hyponotum, running longitudinally from the buccal area to the posterior end, a few millimeters from the anus and the pneumostome. The pneumostome is medial. Its position on the hyponotum relative to the notum margin and the edge of the pedal sole varies among individuals but averages in the middle. The position of the female pore (at the posterior end of the peripodial groove) does not vary much among individuals. In the anterior region, the left and right ocular tentacles are superior to the mouth. They are outside if specimens were relaxed before preservation. Otherwise they are retracted. Eyes are located at the tips of the ocular tentacles. Inferior to the ocular tentacles, superior to the mouth, the head bears a pair of oral lobes. On each oral lobe, there is an elongated bump, likely with sensitive receptors. The male aperture (opening of the copulatory complex) is inferior to the right ocular tentacle, slightly to its left (internal) side.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="E7BAC01C6EA0F3731DE47E606F012613" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<paragraph id="76287BDD9CFEDAB829E08C49138A9F56" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
Figure 5. External morphology and digestive system,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BA2E11D895C0328482D8F060ED37CDEA" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A Anterior region, ventral view, Singapore, scale bar 8 mm (ZRC.MOL.6396) B Posterior region, ventral view, Singapore, scale bar 7 mm (ZRC.MOL.6396) C Dorsal papillae (preserved), Singapore, station 8, scale bar 3.8 mm (ZRC.MOL.6396) D Buccal gland, Malaysia, Langkawi Island, scale bar 3 mm (USMMC 00002, #1) E Digestive system, dorsal view, Singapore, scale bar 5 mm (ZRC.MOL.6397, #1) F Digestive system, ventral view, Singapore, scale bar 5 mm (ZRC.MOL.6397, #1) G Stomach (digestive gland removed), ventral view, Singapore, scale bar 5 mm (ZRC.MOL.6397, #1). Abbreviations: ddg, dorsal lobe of digestive gland; e, esophagus; i, intestine; ldg, lateral lobe of the digestive gland; pdg, posterior lobe of the digestive gland; rg, rectal gland; st1, stomach chamber 1; st2, stomach chamber 2; st3, stomach chamber 3; st4, stomach chamber 4.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5E94EA294EA263A5F507437C5E10FEAF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="visceral cavity and pallial complex">
|
||||
<paragraph id="66CF1924934548A371376F4C57D7B970" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Visceral cavity and pallial complex</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="72C2F63CC3A3E0F2F66B78D371BDE334" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
(Fig. 5D). Marginal glands (found in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3559453EABC7DC773929A5C3BF739561" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidella" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) are absent. The anterior pedal gland is oval and flattened, lying free on the floor of the visceral cavity below the buccal mass. The visceral cavity is not pigmented internally and not divided (the heart is not separated from the visceral organs by a thick, muscular membrane). The heart, enclosed in the pericardium, is on the right side of the visceral cavity, slightly posterior to the middle. The ventricle, anterior, gives an anterior vessel supporting several anterior organs such as the buccal mass, the nervous system, and the copulatory complex. The auricle is posterior. The kidney is more or less symmetrical, the right and left parts being equally developed. The kidney is intricately attached to the respiratory complex. The lung is in two left and right, equally-developed, more or less symmetrical parts.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6EE284D76EA4EC585B9EA966110FEF33" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="digestive system">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F6EEBE4D5595D41D439D6E8E31BAA6D0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Digestive system</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2FD5B9283D5ADED2328DF0BE0A6F99E6" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
(Figs 5
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="59184CB6CB1F5F0C8A74FC56C33C18AC" originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 6). There are no jaws. The left and right salivary glands, heavily branched, join the buccal mass dorsally, on either side of the esophagus. The radula is in between two large postero-lateral muscular masses. Each radular row contains a rachidian tooth and two half rows of lateral teeth of similar size and shape. Examples of radular formulae are: 58
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FA56314C0D4D9E19B21422AD56B0CA9E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
73-1-73 in USMMC 00005 #1 (42 mm long), 58
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F20398EC125F2DC0D20BF67BFE4BAE84" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
65-1-65 in USMMC 00005 #2 (28 mm long), 53
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A84C49D319BEE899261334CD86A2C1EC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
80-1-80 in USMMC 00002 #1 (60 mm long), and 65
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="289A643070C55A39B047E9DF9F73418F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
70-1-70 in ZRC.MOL.6397 #1 (38 mm long). The rachidian teeth are tricuspid: the medial cusp is always present; the two lateral
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="D9D19DAD71FA84AE40B7B8CA3E58C255" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">cusps</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
, on the lateral sides of the base of the rachidian tooth, are small and inconspicuous. Rachidian teeth tend to be about half the size of the lateral teeth (with a length of the rachidian tooth usually not exceeding 40
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4E680B22C704D5EC9EA8FBD10931C35F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
). The lateral aspect of the base of the rachidian teeth is straight (not concave). The half rows of lateral teeth form an angle of 45° with the rachidian axis. With the exception of the few innermost and few outermost lateral teeth, the size and shape of the lateral teeth do not vary along the half row, nor do they vary among half rows. The lateral teeth seem to be unicuspid with a flattened and curved hook with a rounded tip (the length of the hook is between 50 and 60
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0EAE8E725453E5574BAD18967AE1330B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
), but there also is an outer pointed spine on the lateral expansion of the base. In most cases, the basal lateral spine cannot be observed because it is hidden below the hook of the next, outer lateral tooth. It can only be observed when the teeth are not too close (such as in the innermost and outermost regions) or when teeth are placed in an unusual position. The inner and outer lateral aspects of the hook of the lateral teeth are straight (i.e., not wavy and not forming any protuberance).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C0EB74658CB69775F912304F186537A2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6E8144F1643BD840A5F708BF5F4E1697" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
Figure 6. Radula,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8C64D28FB3ADD23D6DE6C2A166E7D85B" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Malaysia, Matang (USMMC 00005, #1). A Outermost lateral teeth, scale bar 20
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2AD6A9F4EDBEF41FC6E63C19FD4D35FB" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
B Lateral teeth, scale bar 20
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DA51AFAB663D5D7312B94393B88DBBB3" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
C Lateral teeth, inferior view, showing the additional outer spine of each tooth, scale bar 10
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="37B9B192D8484092842F431070DFBFBA" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
D Rachidian and innermost lateral teeth, scale bar 20
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7E8A0025B53BC149F1D392342FD881E7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B22973812AD04E7881B0B2BD8188DD2F" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
The esophagus is narrow and straight, with thin internal folds. The esophagus enters the stomach anteriorly. Only a portion of the posterior aspect of the stomach can be seen in dorsal view because it is partly covered by the lobes of the digestive gland. The dorsal lobe is mainly on the right. The left, lateral lobe is mainly ventral. The posterior lobe covers the posterior aspect of the stomach. The stomach is a U-shaped sac divided in four chambers. The first chamber, which receives the esophagus, is delim
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="657E6852DB2E87C4A14E12F4A4D30AA4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">ited</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
by a very thin layer of tissue, and receives the ducts of the dorsal and lateral lobes of the digestive gland. The second chamber, posterior, is delimited by a thick muscular tissue and receives the duct of the posterior lobe of the digestive gland. It appears divided externally but consists of only one internal chamber. The third, funnel-shaped chamber is delimited by a thin layer of tissue with high ridges internally. The fourth chamber is continuous and externally similar to the third, but it bears only low, thin ridges internally. The intestine is long, narrow, and of type II. A rectal gland is present. It is a long, narrow, and coiled tube that opens in the left portion of the pulmonary complex. Its function is unknown.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4229A4A1A84601DF7D4DDBE519BA3A16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nervous system">
|
||||
<paragraph id="944F9DF4A018C154EBB4A2725ED90B26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nervous system</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AE7A50E0498CBE9C6E4AE71432573028" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(Fig. 7A). The circum-esophageal nerve ring is post-pharyngeal and pre-esophageal. The two cerebral ganglia touch and the cerebral commissure is short. However, the length of the cerebral commissure does vary among individuals. Pleural and pedal ganglia are also all distinct. The visceral commissure is short but distinctly present and the visceral ganglion is more or less medial. Cerebro-pleural and pleuro-pedal connectives are short and pleural and cerebral ganglia touch each other. Nerves from the cerebral ganglia innervate the buccal area and the ocular tentacles, and, on the right side, the penial complex. Nerves from the pedal ganglia innervate the foot. Nerves from the pleural ganglia innervate the lateral and dorsal regions of the mantle. Nerves from the visceral ganglia innervate the visceral organs.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="AD54DF2816131C7E23FE12BE21DCF4DA" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E1F9489ECF2AF0631F5DB0F13CD7218A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
Figure 7. Nervous and reproductive systems,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AFD853B29CA601958F219C0A261C3FBA" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A Nervous system, Malaysia, Langkawi Island, scale bar 3.8 mm (USMMC 00002, #1) B Hermaphroditic (female), posterior parts, Singapore, scale bar 3.8 mm (ZRC.MOL.6397, #1) C Male, anterior, copulatory parts, Malaysia, Matang, scale bar 5 mm (USMMC 00005, #1) D Male, anterior, copulatory parts, Malaysia, Matang, scale bar 2.7 mm (USMMC 00005, #2). Abbreviations: agf, accessory gland flagellum; dd, deferent duct; fgm, female gland mass; hd, hermaphroditic duct; hg, hermaphroditic gland; lcg, left cerebral ganglion; lpg, left pedal ganglion; lplg, left pleural ganglion; ov, oviduct; ps, penial sheath; rcg, right cerebral ganglion; rm, retractor muscle; rpg, right pedal ganglion; rplg, right pleural ganglion; rs, receptaculum seminis; sp, spermatheca; spv, spermoviduct; v, vestibule; vg, visceral ganglion.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="91F921D724F401B0F4A024D969733218" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reproductive system">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F833174200DE06BF809E61AFB243E47B" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Reproductive system</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5260DEB8ACAA7D2A3432AC5D9958875F" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(Fig. 7B). Sexual maturity is correlated with animal length. Mature individuals have large female organs (with a large female gland mass) and fully-developed, male, copulatory parts. Immature individuals may have inconspicuous female organs (or simply no female organs at all) and rudimentary anterior male parts. The hermaphroditic gland is a single mass, joining the spermoviduct through the hermaphroditic duct (which conveys the eggs and the autosperm). There is a large, bent, and approximately oval receptaculum seminalis (caecum) along the hermaphroditic duct. The female gland mass contains various glands (mucus and albumen) which can hardly be separated by dissection and of which the exact connections remain uncertain. The hermaphroditic duct becomes the spermoviduct (which conveys eggs, exosperm, and autosperm) which is not divided proximally, at least not externally. A prostate, not distinct externally, may be located within the walls of the spermoviduct. The spermoviduct is completely embedded within the female gland mass, at least proximally. Distally, the spermoviduct branches into the deferent duct (conveys the autosperm up to the anterior region, running through the body wall) and the oviduct. The free oviduct conveys the eggs up to the female opening and the exosperm from the female opening up to the fertilization chamber, which should be near the proximal end of the spermoviduct. The ovate-spherical spermatheca (for the storage of exosperm) connects to the oviduct through a wide and strong duct. The oviduct is narrow, only slightly elongated and convoluted. The vaginal gland is absent.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D3F8BF95BF4FC3A9D5296BD387E493EB" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="copulatory apparatus">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3C34BF781581CC6B9F91ED94E6E8F17E" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Copulatory apparatus</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="248CFC6DB2A5C7FF52E4979FBF6CF9F8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
(Figs 7
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="666A9297B790995B9EAEC52BD6E4BA2E" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 8). The male anterior organs consist of the penial complex (penis, penial sheath, vestibule, deferent duct, retractor muscle) and penial accessory gland (flagellum, and hollow spine). The penial complex and the penial accessory gland share the same vestibule and the same anterior male opening.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="37D733D9FF97942C2647A98E1F0F4C68" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9EEF0B0D8441D3C190E7C1E8FDEEF335" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
Figure 8. Male, anterior, copulatory parts,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FF5EE947907D450135C9CA8A2D2A2BB" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A Penial hooks, Malaysia, Matang, scale bar 30
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="290F2DC214E81FE50E4906CE98208CD7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(USMMC 00005, #1) B Flat disc at distal end of flagellum of penial accessory gland, Malaysia, Langkawi Island, scale bar 100
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FFAD5EC18CF32BB32ED188FD92844430" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(USMMC 00002, #1) C Tip of hollow spine, penial accessory gland, Singapore, scale bar 4
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="25029E4B321B7589864900320E6014AF" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(ZRC.MOL.6397, #1) D Detail of B, scale bar 20
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A8EF31B609175F604FC85F3D17317089" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(USMMC 00002, #1) E Hollow spine, penial accessory gland, Singapore, scale bar 100
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A2A99EB6DC414599B5DD483D6FC5AFBE" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(ZRC.MOL.6397, #1) F Hollow spine, penial accessory gland, Malaysia, Langkawi Island, scale bar 100
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8E7DC6CDDFC6BF1F96F6E7CC1DBA1198" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(USMMC 00002, #1).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9F72CDD8604B38DEF4F3638B73A8A9CD" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="09121367AF55377B2315E06C744E5B53" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
penial gland is a long, tube-like flagellum with a proximal dead end. The length of the flagellum of the penial gland varies among individuals but it is always heavily coiled. Distally, the flagellum ends in a hard, hollow spine protected by a sheath which is fused distally with the vestibule. The hollow spine is narrow and elongated, slightly curved. Its diameter is between 20 and 30
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E428FF7103B3718580E52F5C094A5CA0" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
but it narrows down distally. The diameter of the opening at its tip is between 4 and 6
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="32C1BBE010C55E0ED073A3C86E6DA203" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. Its length ranges from 0.7 mm (ZRC.MOL.6397 #1) to 1.2 mm (USMMC 00005 #1). The hollow
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="829443070B85ECC7F4604BF07DCC4588" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">spine</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
does not open directly into the vestibule. Instead, the end of the tube of the accessory gland is a disc which is more or less flat (between 0.4 and 0.6 mm in diameter) and bears approximately 20 conical papillae in its center. The hollow spine thus must go through that disc in order to be outside and shared with the partner.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C85A9342BA71C33A0A0DCD2A0FF28A95" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
The penial sheath is long and very strongly coiled in spirals. In less mature individuals, the coils may not be as strong and numerous but they are present. The penial sheath protects the penis for its entire length. The insertion of the retractor muscle marks the separation between the penial sheath (and the penis inside) and the deferent duct. The retractor muscle is shorter than the penial sheath and runs straight to the posterior half of the visceral cavity. The insertion of the retractor muscle varies among individuals: in the posterior half of the visceral cavity in all specimens but those from India; in the anterior half of the visceral cavity (just anterior to the heart) in the specimens from India. The deferent duct also is highly convoluted with many loops. In immature specimens, the deferent duct is significantly less coiled. The penis is elongated, round, narrow, and hollow; its diameter is less than 200
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4F3B9DAFED19CCB2220D351C1C53E96C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, and its distal part covered with hooks. When the penis is retracted inside the penial sheath, the hooks are inside the tube-like penis. During copulation, the penis is exerted like a glove and the hooks are then on the outside. Hooks are very densely packed inside the penis, with multiple, irregular rows of an average of 15 hooks around the circumference of the penis. Hooks are conical, slender, sharply pointed, and measure up to 300
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6278010BA5AE3A138081D48EC02BCA59" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in length.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9AFBFC9F4B52430FF2D603FE0BF47D89" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distinctive diagnostic features">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D723C292FB149BA1510005459F3A588E" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distinctive diagnostic features.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8506501B753787C0D67CED28D193389B" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
Externally,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EC67BD1ECE7F3201C416FCB033AAA399" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3B7BE893482A08303DAB26DAD1FBA0EC" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species by the color of the hyponotum, which is not white but instead varies between grayish, yellowish, and even greenish (see below the dichotomous identification key, before the final conclusion). The color of the foot (yellowish, not bright orange) is not diagnostic. Internally, the spirally coiled penial sheath is not diagnostic. However,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="204ED4C0B797CDEB50A2E4A368F52991" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is the only
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8194394C3540FD1A87CFDF92525F668B" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species known so far with an intestine of type II.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9BD344C5C08AAF5BEA82936B02E3A383" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2E1FCD957809D5313CADB02F59CFCFD9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E9546C9EBC2C6CCB1BE8CF64A9710DEC" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
The original description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FD5C8A130C6B6A382567C8649E498690" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by Buchannan was brief but it was based on first-hand observation of live animals, which is quite unusual for onchidiids since most onchidiid species were described based on preserved material with no information on shape and color of live animals. Even though the type material is likely lost, two features described and illustrated by Buchannan support the identification of the material described here as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="88C5DEA339E49A0B0C99A915ABD7B302" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. First, and most importantly, the long eye tentacles (only
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8EB51A07812DD9732B22B1B2482E8339" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species have such long eye tentacles) and the dorsal papillae of various sizes (
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E3F159AC19BAED66FECDBDAEB84637D9" originalValue="Buchannan’s">Buchannan's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
"glandular tubercles").
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8FED24AF3DBF428D92195FC4E45FBAFD" author="Buchannan, F" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Linnean Society of London" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="132 - 134" title="An account of the Onchidium, a new genus of the class of vermes, found in Bengal." volume="5" year="1800">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C741B144F8FF70775A123074B8D4D7AF" originalValue="Buchannan’s">Buchannan's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1800
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 2) illustration of an elongated body of a crawling slug is perfectly compatible with what we observed in the field. Buchannan originally described
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4B07E81412A9121218CF95CC09BB4DE2" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as non-hermaphroditic; however, as pointed out by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="00DE581D0434014BB52524945CCCC2B1" author="Cuvier, G" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Museum national d'histoire naturelle" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="37 - 51" title="Memoire sur l'Oncidie, genre de mollusques nuds, voisin des limaces, et sur une espece nouvelle, Onchidiumperonii." volume="5" year="1804">Cuvier (1804)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
shortly after
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="19787BD6D6213750F1B3FB933B27A69C" originalValue="Buchannan’s">Buchannan's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
article, onchidiid slugs are in fact hermaphroditic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2FAFB9C308BB3A4F56E3A0D3ECF359E3" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CEC3655888350D55569B5F1DCD140129" author="Stoliczka, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="86 - 111" title="The malacology of Lower Bengal." volume="38" year="1869">Stoliczka (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
re-described
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4E37B2BDF92758E6944E3235BCCD0964" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on live animals that he collected himself near Calcutta. His identification is in agreement with
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A584FC0F0E79A8547840ACF374563C6D" originalValue="Buchannan’s">Buchannan's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
original description. Stoliczka provided some information on the internal anatomy, which is compatible with our observations.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C5EEBD37841512748CFA8D45A9C51A25" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Semper (1885)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
examined two specimens from Calcutta which he identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="58E4C90A584113CD11F3902560B4E09D" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. According to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8523DE68585583E9087B7E1E7D93CCFB" author="Buchannan, F" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Linnean Society of London" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="132 - 134" title="An account of the Onchidium, a new genus of the class of vermes, found in Bengal." volume="5" year="1800">Buchannan (1800)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8E59DECC297D18030F5C16A213CEF400" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is found
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="6724BF00CB7169D0C5B6DBBCC7FBFF37" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">on</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
leaves of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F37E3D5AD6A5631272E0DD2A581E7150" class="Liliopsida" family="Typhaceae" genus="Typha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Typha elephantina" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elephantina">Typha elephantina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(hence the specific name), a common reed in brackish waters of the Ganges delta. Wild areas with reeds have become very rare because Bengal was heavily developed in the last century and most coastal areas were converted to rice fields. According to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5606738DCB5212F56DFC8E54BBCD4F35" author="Stoliczka, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="86 - 111" title="The malacology of Lower Bengal." volume="38" year="1869">Stoliczka (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, however,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9C60D8D09DBD3A807964FFA9D9C91A70" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is also found "about old bricks" and "in ditches." Stoliczka also mentioned that it was the only species found near Calcutta, suggesting that in the past it could be found in brackish waters extending far inland. Finally, Stoliczka mentions
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="427598541886D20B769E0D7612673967" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the banks of the Hooghly River, which is very close to where our own specimens were collected in West Bengal.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E66976265C426A21ED559A8BF52DDA90" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
Semper accepted
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BA1CE41B015DD598CD8B4F560D02298E" originalValue="Stoliczka’s">Stoliczka's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
anatomical re-description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DAEFFA913187FAF48029F1551EFB7D90" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and added some detail on the anterior male parts. In particular, Semper illustrated some penial hooks and the spine of the penial accessory gland. However, the sizes described by Semper (a maximum size of 170
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7FF878B14FBEF602E900FE8BB2D696A8" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
for the penial hooks and a length of 4.5 mm for the spine of the penial accessory gland) are not really compatible with the sizes observed for the present study (penial hooks up to 300
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E767E6CC28726B3CFF854B6BF80AE9FB" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and a spine less than 1.2 mm long). Therefore, Semper likely examined individuals of a different species, which cannot be identified at this stage.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A5EE4D75BD9925DB29D8C484F82944E7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="830B81B87DF71FF9F5A9C40021CAC408" author="Hoffmann, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Jena)" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="29 - 118" title="Zur Kenntnis der Oncidiiden." volume="55" year="1928">Hoffmann (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
re-described a specimen that he identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F16915B8C65B5042B25E62FBA48B3BF0" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. That identification as an
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8AB458B2B9E38F13EBE412A9DB6882F9" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is possibly correct (because of the presence of a rectal gland and of a penial accessory gland). However, the specimen examined by Hoffmann came from an unknown locality and it remains unclear whether Hoffmann did actually examine
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="42BE29D2F214EC98A15171640476AAEF" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D45DB3C031CE5ED8E64474F7620BB2A6" author="Labbe, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="173 - 246" title="Les Silicodermes (Labbe) du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Premiere partie: Classification, nouvelles ou peu connues." volume="14" year="1934">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="663D1AFCCA5D9E8578C788ED3ECB63A3" originalValue="Labbé">Labbe</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1934)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
simply mentions the name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8C4025A8EA486016692B44BB8B0C0D0" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with no additional description or records.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9A67CC2940C8F902EDE4DF88839FE79B" author="Dey, A" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" title="Handbook on Mangrove Associate Molluscs of Sundarbans." year="2006">Dey (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
illustrated a preserved (and not relaxed) specimen identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="522A4F5F216DE2E8C7B30683CC61D705" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the Sundarbans. The identification is possibly correct (the photograph is fuzzy). However, it is unclear whether the brief comments on the natural history of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B99EC5144309BEB4BB344EB54431C27A" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
refer only to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="08D46C85B5AF55F376A56034B295B8B1" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or a mix of species because Dey claims that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E8F39A6B7DFB966E9D78E75107AE9A25" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is found climbing on the trees, which is uncertain. Based on our observations,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="806D52F26E55E3C44304EDA79701E317" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be found on muddy old logs, but not actually climbing on trees.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3DA93BAA981CF626929443981DD92CB6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
Finally, a search for potential synonyms of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="22ED41F781671D4F4927C27453075A58" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
revealed no synonyms (the available type materials of all onchidiid species were personally examined) and it does seem that it was named only once.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
98
data/DD/1F/4B/DD1F4B7CB74A9CB796F3C8BA673CF431.xml
Normal file
98
data/DD/1F/4B/DD1F4B7CB74A9CB796F3C8BA673CF431.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
|
|||
<document id="B29521E1D18EC87C82E5146C4924EF1E" ID-CLB-Dataset="34105" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.496.9059" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7643117b-5435-4c32-b230-86c41af5f7a3" ID-PMC="PMC4410155" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-496-27" ID-PubMed="25931954" ID-ZooBank="70F2805813AA4220A076FDC6C46BC87A" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-496-27" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 496" ModsDocTitle="A faunistic study on the leafhoppers of northwestern Iran (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae)" checkinTime="1451244443316" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Abdollahi, Tandis, Jalalizand, Ali Reza, Mozaffarian, Fariba & Wilson, Michael" docDate="2015" docId="DD1F4B7CB74A9CB796F3C8BA673CF431" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 496: 27-51" docOrigin="ZooKeys 496" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.496.9059" docTitle="Goniagnathus brevis Herrich-Schaeffer 1835" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="B86CFFD8B9755839056F935E170EFF93" masterDocTitle="A faunistic study on the leafhoppers of northwestern Iran (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae)" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1701374841468" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="66F9825B05C4057F34B0D989A03BFD4A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="3F94CD09C5181AF71331CE30E6FED692">
|
||||
<mods:title id="942BF1A543723609F5C14F98FE94F051">A faunistic study on the leafhoppers of northwestern Iran (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="1993B197297C93E4D2AC27F87F303E32" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="7BEE6CF2A07A469D0A7D103626F01562">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="7FDA8BCB4DE156BE7248260E648ADBFE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="75F6F52E2A98F02203EA4B237E433B80">Abdollahi, Tandis</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="1D471D4CF507BB114077BDA39D16E326" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="4A6A14B7F865FCAADE49DF7272F3C5A1">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="CA9BAAB506E99C0D517B0D1E4A7D237A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="02F924FCCFCFB3DA1ABE99F20DBEA20E">Jalalizand, Ali Reza</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="BD9947762D51E9F58DC082F138A224FC" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="6F4466CEA20A61A7EDA52EA4BB491E6C">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="01FD08E90061BE7C534E9BE8876D9099">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="D9A2268821F35888CE62B633E36F0967">Mozaffarian, Fariba</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="594779BAA81574F697512206A4D37708" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="A92B64E8F9EA0FF9F5D8B86F2336D2FA">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="DE51E68417AD8784B4AF14E40C0646C6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="EE26BDBD66184075986A0CCD3E859C68">Wilson, Michael</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="09C65CBF4818320A54BAA48F7EE5823B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="15BE855038331DC6E89519EA1E8568CE" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="F46374EA164B1C221EF0E7F2AE978705">
|
||||
<mods:title id="4216558F89AE10BE2F183D1271BCDF60">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="F41440FDAA8E8ADD1CD037BC885EF75F">
|
||||
<mods:date id="03A78404A163915985B962CDC2D55043">2015</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="F0DBF81D8DC0DB79FEC456CC9B9D96B5" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="70FC3989D1AD0238019319701B27ED13">496</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="0E973894D18847F0AF20D12B4E14AA5A" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="D9B724C353F7AE875A03A6AA85E16607">27</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="8894F90DF0813673E0343A75D34C2F57">51</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location id="91F5006166C04B4C5921E92408FB5CBB">
|
||||
<mods:url id="DBF682184B5794BF827034DF1C3A7672">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.496.9059</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="92FC661F33129D0BA2CF0F17E8CA5D9F">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="9DF608EA67DA00634F9E69AB3417F747" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.496.9059</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="EE47A78A3E6E22E09F606AEC4B58510A" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-496-27</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="9AF2C4685700BCDFD833DC30BF686B8F" type="ZooBank">70F2805813AA4220A076FDC6C46BC87A</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="DD1F4B7CB74A9CB796F3C8BA673CF431" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059540" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD1F4B7CB74A9CB796F3C8BA673CF431" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD1F4B7CB74A9CB796F3C8BA673CF431" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="618BDF1A76FBC0F4B07B1AE8B4112F84" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" type="multiple">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DD90614060CE3B7C01D4162D907F284E" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Cicadellidae</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6F2A1999A2E82E58D6D4896626089642" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A85BE83C984A01E25BB7E206E07A8F24" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="91BDFCF9FD98E02D606320BD00347B01" ID-CoL="3GVB9" authority="Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Goniagnathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Goniagnathus brevis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
|
||||
Goniagnathus brevis (
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4C0AF9FEFB821A0C9E5052224B2EC5BF" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1835)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BAC43F4C441E233AAE4CA3B4E523766F" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3710E2ECD6A80E60FE4141BA9F86EECF" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C5D79C99D3ABFB2FA093381582239F92" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Goniagnathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Goniagnathus brevis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">Goniagnathus brevis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: Emeljanov 1964: 501, fig. 180: 7, 8;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F7FA987A985FB3B5E9BECF6857EA6D2A" author="Biedermann, R" journalOrPublisher="Wilhelm Brueggemann GmbH, Bremen" pageId="21" pageNumber="48" title="The plant and Leafhoppers of Germany. Identification key to all species." year="2009">Biedermann and Niedringhaus 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 283.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A8A332FB507920FFFFFA9861BCC19BB2" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="863875CF600880644AF42EFC14393CBA" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4215E2C2C56028F173839B39CC86310F" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
Azarbaijan-e-Sharghi: 1♂, Kaleibar, 1863 m,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="5BE9B250A556EE94D33F21B1134B5C54" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="38.870415">38°52'13.5"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="382703AB4B2A824838CFC1A5AE055C8F" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.970695">46°58'14.5"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2.September.2007, leg. Mozaffarian (Fig. 1, ASh3).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1BAA8FB71BAA228226C110572E83C047" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="767CE494D0A4F26E98114DA10C28BAF1" author="Abdollahi, T" journalOrPublisher="Iranian Journal of Applied Plamt Protection" pageId="21" pageNumber="48" pagination="147 - 155" title="Key to the subfamilies of Cicadellidae (Hem.: Auchenorryncha) in East Azarbaijan province, Iran and two new records for the region." volume="2" year="2013">Abdollahi et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported this species from the above locality.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DE9C06BBCCF6408133069FE6113F99FD" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" type="worldwide distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E847EF9A9CD27426DBC3F12CE9A32AEF" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">Worldwide distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="98D0871F3343E5354DACA19FC6239ED4" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
East Palaearctic, Europe (Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, European Turkey, French mainland, Germany, Greek mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Moldova, Poland, Portuguese mainland, Romania, South Russia, Sicily, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine, Yugoslavia), Near East, North Africa (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1F7C3ADC2EC9D24FD1FE74028077A08C" author="De Jong, YSDM" journalOrPublisher="Wilhelm Brueggemann GmbH, Bremen" pageId="21" pageNumber="48" title="Fauna Europaea (vers. 2.6.2)" url="http://www.faunaeur.org" year="2013">De Jong 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
332
data/DD/1F/4D/DD1F4D8DBF035AA95DA538ED669952F5.xml
Normal file
332
data/DD/1F/4D/DD1F4D8DBF035AA95DA538ED669952F5.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
|
|||
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-200-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" ModsDocID="1314-2003-200-1" checkinTime="1655292389427" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barboza, Gloria E., Garcia, Carolina Carrizo, Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem, Romero, Maria V. & Scaldaferro, Marisel" docDate="2022" docId="DD1F4D8DBF035AA95DA538ED669952F5" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 200: 1-423" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 200" docPubDate="2022-06-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" docTitle="Capsicum muticum Barboza 2022, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" masterDocTitle="Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="423" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1655292389427" updateUser="pensoft">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gbarboza@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Garcia, Carolina Carrizo</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ccarrizo@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia (EMBRAPA-Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia), PqEB Parque Estacao Biologica, Av. W / 5 final, Brasilia-DF, CEP 70770 - 917, Caixa Postal 02372, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Romero, Maria V.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Scaldaferro, Marisel</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina & Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number>2022-06-14</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>200</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>423</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-200-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD1F4D8DBF035AA95DA538ED669952F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD1F4D8DBF035AA95DA538ED669952F5" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
31.
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77299338-1" authority="(Sendtn.) Barboza" authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticum" status="comb. nov.">Capsicum muticum (Sendtn.) Barboza</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 93" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 93. Capsicum muticum A habitat (degraded Atlantic Forest) B plant C stem and leaves showing the dense indument D flower bud on geniculate pedicel E flower, in lateral view F flower, in front view G immature fruit H fruit near maturity. From Barboza et al. 5032. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure93" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695508" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum villosum subsp. var. var. muticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="villosum" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="var." variety="muticum">Capsicum villosum Sendtn. var. muticum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Sendtn., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 10(6): 144. 1846. Type. [Brazil. Rio de Janeiro]: "Serra
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Estrella,”">d'Estrella,"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
[no date],
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H.W. Schott 5416</emphasis>
|
||||
(lectotype designated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="23 - 38" refId="B32" refString="Barboza, GE, 2011. Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 2: 23 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" title="Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" volume="2" year="2011">Barboza 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, pg. 31: W [acc. # 0074661]); isolectotype: CORD [CORD00006937]).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Bassovia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bassovia leptopoda" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptopoda" status="comb. nov.">Bassovia leptopoda</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 411. 1852. Type. [Brazil. Rio de Janeiro]: Rio de Janeiro, 1819, F. Sellow s.n. (holotype: BM [BM000798808]; isotypes: G-DC [G00131651], MPU [MPU023056]).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum leptopodum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptopodum" status="comb. nov.">Capsicum leptopodum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Dunal) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 449. 1891. Type. Based on
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Bassovia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bassovia leptopoda" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptopoda" status="comb. nov.">Bassovia leptopoda</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Dunal.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" form="vimineum" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum villosum subsp. forma" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="villosum" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="forma">Capsicum villosum forma vimineum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wawra, Itin. Princ. S. Coburgi 1: 100. 1883. Type. Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: "Petropolis; an gerodeten Stellen (Benod).
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coll II 10</emphasis>
|
||||
", 1879 [coll. Princes August and Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg] (no material found).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Based on
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum villosum subsp. var. var. muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="villosum" subSpecies="var." variety="muticum">Capsicum villosum Sendt. var. muticum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Sendtn.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Erect shrubs or subshrubs (0.80-) 1-2.5 m tall, with the main stem ca. 1.5 cm in diameter at base, much branched above, the branches dichotomously spreading in a typical
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“zig-zag”">"zig-zag"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
appearance. Young stems angled, fragile, green, densely pubescent with spreading, flexuous to rigid, white or slightly ferruginous (dried specimens), simple, uniseriate, (3-) 4-8-celled, eglandular trichomes 0.5-2 mm long; nodes solid, green or light purple; bark of older stems brown or dark brown, with ferruginous pubescence; lenticels few. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate; leaf pair markedly unequal in size, similar or dissimilar in shape. Leaves membranous, slightly discolorous, dark green above, light green beneath, moderately pubescent adaxially, with appressed-antrorse trichomes similar to those of the stems, densely pubescent abaxially and margins, with appressed (on the lamina) or spreading (on the veins), flexuous, 4-6-celled, eglandular trichomes 0.5-1.7 mm long; blades of major leaves 4.5-11 cm long, (1.5-) 2-3.6 cm wide, elliptic or narrowly elliptic, the major veins 5-8 on each side of mid-vein, the base attenuate, slightly unequal, the margins entire, the apex acuminate; petioles 0.5-1.5 (-2) cm long, densely pubescent; blades of minor leaves 2-4.3 cm long, 1-1.4 cm wide, elliptic, the major veins 3-4 on each side of mid-vein, the base attenuate, the margins entire, the apex acute; petioles 0.2-0.5 (-1.5) cm long, densely pubescent. Inflorescences axillary, 2-5 flowers per axil, rarely flowers solitary; flowering pedicels 1-17 mm long, angled, erect, geniculate at anthesis, green, densely pubescent, with long spreading eglandular trichomes and small sparse glandular trichomes (stalk unicellular; head dark multicellular); pedicels scars conspicuous. Buds globose, inflated, yellowish-green. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx ca. 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, cup-shaped, pentagonal in outline, thick, green, strongly 5-nerved, densely pubescent with the same trichomes as the pedicels, calyx appendages five, up to 0.2 mm long, erect, green. Corolla 6-9 mm long, 12-14 mm in diameter, white with wide greenish-yellow pigmentation outside, white with predominance of greenish-yellow spots, sparse and diffuse purple or brown spots and a cream centre within, stellate with interpetalar membrane, lobed halfway or less of the way to the base, pubescent adaxially with a continuous ring of glandular trichomes (stalk long, 2-3-celled; head globose, peltate, unicellular) in the throat and base of the lobes, the tube 3-5 mm long, glabrous abaxially, the lobes 3-4 mm long, 3-4.3 mm wide, widely triangular, spreading, with eglandular trichomes especially on the veins abaxially, the margins papillate, the tips cucullate, papillate. Stamens five, equal; filaments 2.5-3.2 mm long, white, inserted on the corolla ca. 1.2 mm from the base, with auricles fused to the corolla at the point of insertion; anthers 1-1.5 mm long, ellipsoid, cream when young, purplish post-dehiscent, not connivent at anthesis. Gynoecium with ovary ca. 1.2 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, light green, subglobose; ovules more than two per locule; nectary ca. 0.4 mm tall, pale yellow; styles homomorphic, 4-4.5 mm long, exserted 0.5-0.7 mm beyond the anthers, white, clavate; stigma 0.1 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, discoid, pale green. Berry 7-8 mm in diameter, globose, green when immature and pungent, mature fruit colour not seen; fruiting pedicels ca. 20 mm long, pendent and curved, angled, widened distally, green; fruiting calyx 4-4.5 mm in diameter, persistent, not accrescent, discoid, green. Seeds (4-) 8-11 per fruit, 3.25-3.75 mm long, 2.5-2.75 mm wide, C-shaped, brownish-black to black, the seed coat reticulate and tuberculate at margins (SM), reticulate with pillar-like outgrowths at margins (SEM), the cells rectangular to polygonal in shape, the lateral walls straight; embryo imbricate.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum muticum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is confined to central-eastern Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil) (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 92" captionStartId="F92" captionText="Figure 92. Distribution of C. mirum, C. muticum, C. neei and C. parvifolium." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure92" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695507" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">92</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum muticum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a component of the montane forests in the Atlantic Forest (Mata
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Atlântica">Atlantica</normalizedToken>
|
||||
); it was found growing in the Serra dos
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Órgãos">Orgaos</normalizedToken>
|
||||
mountain range (Serra
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Estrella">d'Estrella</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Serra dos
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Órgãos">Orgaos</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Alto da Serra), mainly in the Dense Ombrophilous Forest (Floresta
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ombrófila">Ombrofila</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Densa) in full sun or semi-shade, between 1,000 and 1,300 m elevation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering from December to April. Fruiting from February to May.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Not known.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
EOO (15.520 km2); AOO (16 km2).
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum muticum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is one of the rarest species. The few collections are mostly historical, date from the early 1800s to 1900s and have imprecise locations for the Serra dos
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Órgãos">Orgaos</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(Rio de Janeiro). The species was rediscovered in 1986 in Alto da Serra (Petropolis) and gathered several times at the same location. In this site,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum muticum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is severely threatened since a progressive decline of the habitat has been observed due to anthropogenic disturbance and serious deforestation of the area. Based on the extent of occurrence, the advanced fragmentation, loss of habitat and the few known records for
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. muticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="muticum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. muticum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, we assign this species a threat status of Critically Endangered (CR; B1ab(iii,iv)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum muticum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a member of the Atlantic Forest clade (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
|
||||
Carrizo
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 2016
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. villosum subsp. var. var. muticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="villosum" subSpecies="var." variety="muticum">C. villosum var. muticum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). When
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Sendtner, O" journalOrPublisher="Flora Brasiliensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 231" refId="B435" refString="Sendtner, O, 1846. Solanaceae et Cestrineae. Flora Brasiliensis 10 (1): 1 - 231" title="Solanaceae et Cestrineae." volume="10" year="1846">Sendtner (1846)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. villosum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, he also proposed two varietal names:
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="β">β</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum latifolium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolium">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum latifolium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. villosum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Hunziker, 1971; this treatment) and
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="γ">γ</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum muticum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Sendtner recognised var.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="muticum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum var. muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="muticum" variety="muticum">Capsicum muticum muticum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by its 5-angled, truncate calyx.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Kurtziana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="241 - 259" refId="B201" refString="Hunziker, AT, 1971. Estudios sobre Solanaceae. VII. Contribucion al conocimiento de Capsicum y generos afines (Witheringia, Acnistus, Athenaea, etc.). Tercera Parte. Kurtziana 6: 241 - 259" title="Estudios sobre Solanaceae. VII. Contribucion al conocimiento de Capsicum y generos afines (Witheringia, Acnistus, Athenaea, etc.). Tercera Parte." volume="6" year="1971">Hunziker (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
accepted this varietal name and distinguished var.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum var. villosum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="muticum" variety="villosum">Capsicum muticum villosum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by its long calyx appendages vs. var.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="muticum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum var. muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="muticum" variety="muticum">Capsicum muticum muticum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with very short or no calyx appendages. Hunziker also stated that the varieties might not be distinct, based on the specimen
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Löfgren">Loefgren</normalizedToken>
|
||||
5878
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(US, SP), which he identified as var.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="muticum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum var. muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="muticum" variety="muticum">Capsicum muticum muticum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, even though it has well-developed appendages; this specimen is considered
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. villosum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in this treatment. Modern field explorations (Bianchetti and Hunziker in 1986; Barboza and Carrizo
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in 2013; Barboza et al. in 2018) have provided more morphological data for
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. muticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="muticum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. muticum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and, based on recent phylogenetic results that show that it is more closely related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. mirabile subsp. var. var. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="mirabile" subSpecies="var." variety="villosum">C. mirabile than to var. villosum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
|
||||
Carrizo
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 2016
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), we recognise this varietal name at species level.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum villosum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum villosum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. muticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="muticum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. muticum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are densely pubescent shrubs with long, spreading, flexuous, eglandular trichomes, geniculate flowering pedicels and stellate corollas (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 93" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 93. Capsicum muticum A habitat (degraded Atlantic Forest) B plant C stem and leaves showing the dense indument D flower bud on geniculate pedicel E flower, in lateral view F flower, in front view G immature fruit H fruit near maturity. From Barboza et al. 5032. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure93" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695508" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">93D-F</figureCitation>
|
||||
); it is also likely that
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. muticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="muticum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. muticum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has the same greenish-golden yellow mature fruits and brownish-black seeds (mature fruits were not found in field explorations) as
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">C. villosum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticum">Capsicum muticum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
is distinguished by having a truncate calyx without appendages or with five minute appendages (not more than 0.2 mm long) delimiting a 5-angular calyx (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 93" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 93. Capsicum muticum A habitat (degraded Atlantic Forest) B plant C stem and leaves showing the dense indument D flower bud on geniculate pedicel E flower, in lateral view F flower, in front view G immature fruit H fruit near maturity. From Barboza et al. 5032. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure93" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695508" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">93E, G, H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and white corolla with a predominantly greenish-yellow centre (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 93" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 93. Capsicum muticum A habitat (degraded Atlantic Forest) B plant C stem and leaves showing the dense indument D flower bud on geniculate pedicel E flower, in lateral view F flower, in front view G immature fruit H fruit near maturity. From Barboza et al. 5032. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure93" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695508" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">93F</figureCitation>
|
||||
); in contrast,
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. villosum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a calyx with five well-developed linear to subulate appendages (0.3-2.5 mm long) and a white corolla with predominantly purple pigmentation on the lobes and throat (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 121" captionStartId="F121" captionText="Figure 121. Capsicum villosum A plant B flower bud on a geniculate pedicel C flower, seen from behind D flower before full anthesis, front view E flower at full anthesis, front view F fruiting branch, with mature and mature fruits A, B, E, F from Barboza et al. 1655, photos by G. E. Barboza C, D from Barboza & Deanna 5026 bis, photos by R. Deanna." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure121" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">121B-E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure93" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695508" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 93" startId="F93">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 93.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum muticum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
habitat (degraded Atlantic Forest)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
plant
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
stem and leaves showing the dense indument
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
flower bud on geniculate pedicel
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
flower, in lateral view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
flower, in front view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||||
immature fruit
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||||
fruit near maturity. From
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5032</emphasis>
|
||||
. Photos by G.E. Barboza.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. material 4: Appendix 4.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
125
data/DD/1F/5E/DD1F5E04F8E74AAE1C0878231E6E9BF1.xml
Normal file
125
data/DD/1F/5E/DD1F5E04F8E74AAE1C0878231E6E9BF1.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
|
|||
<document id="0950CDF3DF0E2338A3E54958EF277028" ID-CLB-Dataset="28787" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.800.26292" ID-GBIF-Dataset="216546ea-85b8-4a1d-89c3-4c88818cc79d" ID-PMC="PMC6284011" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-800-1" ID-PubMed="30532621" ID-ZooBank="EB5EC9C8D9804F5ABD9AE48DB4158D59" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-800-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 800" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the genus Megacraspedus Zeller, 1839, a challenging taxonomic tightrope of species delimitation (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)" checkinTime="1543542350729" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Huemer, Peter & Karsholt, Ole" docDate="2018" docId="DD1F5E04F8E74AAE1C0878231E6E9BF1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 800: 1-278" docOrigin="ZooKeys 800" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.800.26292" docTitle="Megacraspedus multispinella Junnilainen & Nupponen 2010" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="128" masterDocId="FF97FFAFDB35FFAAFFD1B44AFF8EBF02" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Megacraspedus Zeller, 1839, a challenging taxonomic tightrope of species delimitation (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="278" masterPageNumber="1" originalUpdateDomain="Boston" originalUpdateTime="1543542350729" originalUpdateUser="pensoft" pageNumber="126" updateTime="1701384233526" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="4956C598F3BF2B9B0D94D4A93E9874AF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="3BB86F5BCF0EDC3F078CEEA09C316F0F">
|
||||
<mods:title id="6D5B6AF992ED24F3D6F20C4011D4846C">Revision of the genus Megacraspedus Zeller, 1839, a challenging taxonomic tightrope of species delimitation (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="3406424FD5336056E6E0E56C2C1D554E" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="5FB63456978E5F973282175C6AE0259E">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="500EFC7FD5DD985F4C15BA6BBFB95699">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="FB7BD72FBCEDEBCF77972EAD0AEAFD38">Huemer, Peter</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="BA0D937319E3BE9C9839A5ECA8D174BF" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="323CB92A98CD43B1BFE55D044CA54A6F">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="99F9AA34F722EBDE087109BA9755C497">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="9AC92C73652DE68FFE43BD8613B59484">Karsholt, Ole</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="8BE2F9A3EFAB807A4C8360EC834EF7F5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="6168C954F11FF6C48B30F65BB180AC2B" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="A452C8923892061F079A06AE54C999B5">
|
||||
<mods:title id="02999A01C9D216C82023F4CAE0660D82">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="8BADC880D9656778545478F58A9AA8E6">
|
||||
<mods:date id="795B0D92ECB802A37A942FD03656EF9D">2018</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="799AEC18D5499AA6A515FC3061077FF6" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="C9F4E73793D2A2AF1FCFF624AFCD8EA6">800</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="19700C580EB41B8D9996C4EB39593502" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="12429EA2ED2294AFFA918CB434387D90">1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="A0A47173D6D2D2F6A2C30C5E434EE031">278</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location id="888BE69BCE3A6838CB58229434B80C5E">
|
||||
<mods:url id="A03C946A598A47808DD7B4FCA96F7528">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.800.26292</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="11D14ED5B4FA0B73A48BDF60C64B1002">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="5A49AE4B5726356C4FB763F0C14E1C8C" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.800.26292</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="58AD35E9A66B252DEB599117D85898CB" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-800-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="A460EA36DCA5EA39A99F348900A13AA1" type="ZooBank">EB5EC9C8D9804F5ABD9AE48DB4158D59</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="DD1F5E04F8E74AAE1C0878231E6E9BF1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="149858129" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD1F5E04F8E74AAE1C0878231E6E9BF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD1F5E04F8E74AAE1C0878231E6E9BF1" lastPageId="127" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C066B0A937A1FCD1D8BBAD458D21087B" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3D1CAA55F82C3AD717268AF67BA67441" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6DFFCD285E1639E34948A805ECF8D537" ID-CoL="93JG9" authority="Junnilainen & Nupponen, 2010" authorityName="Junnilainen & Nupponen" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus multispinella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multispinella">Megacraspedus multispinella Junnilainen & Nupponen, 2010</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="27D09A96AEE44775BC0CE3D082CD71F5" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3762CC0E96BBC791553DD252D7F83DDC" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30B0169DF3941C63B99C870494A5A71E" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus multispinella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multispinella">Megacraspedus multispinella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Junnilainen& Nupponen, 2010: 11, figs 19, 26.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6DFBE4C8F555D39B4EEFDF2A94080CF6" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="967F7BF55A882CEF197A4EC7C36EF9C1" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Examined material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6022C034B0C3DA15702C92BFEE274679" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
||||
Holotype ♂, "RUSSIA S-Ural Bashkiria Sakmara river Jantyshevo village 20.-21.6.1996 K. Nupponen, J.-P. Kaitila, J. Junnilainn & M. Ahola" "Prep. no. 03022406 ♂ Det. J. Junnilainen" "Megacraspedus aholai sp. n. ♂ Det. J. Junnilainen" "HOLOTYPE Megacraspedus aholai Junnilainen" "DNA sample KN00022 Lepid. Phyl." (RCKN). Paratype. Russia. ♂, S-Ural, Cheliabinsk distr., near Moskovo vill., 18.vi.1998, leg. T. & K. Nupponen (RCKN). Non-type material. Russia. 19 ♂, 6 ♀, Tuva rep.,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="335921C77009F530D071175431E7A4C4" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="52.066666">52°04'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="9533756266CF10F86F3F765479AB1687" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="94.36667">94°22'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, Ust-Uljuk, steppe hills, 670 m, 3-5.vi.1995, leg. J. Jalava & J. Kullberg, genitalia slides GU 16/1418 ♂ Huemer, GU 16/1419 ♀ Huemer, genitalia prep. (in glycerin) (MZH); 1 ♀, Tuva rep.,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="B60D2829A3097DD5D61605CF3F0D5934" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="51.716667">51°43'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C3227D4102758BC84FA41EA3D9BC7765" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="94.45">94°27'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, Kyzyl, Nanophyton steppe, 700 m, 5-6.vi.1995, leg. J. Jalava & J. Kullberg (MZH).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DFA84A2EEC1C18F44FD8C223250D6816" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" type="redescription">
|
||||
<paragraph id="96F7341222FBB99B94F9D47CE108675D" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="A141B243064642D5A901B2561BC210E1" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" start="start">Redescription</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D51178F316FC6BFC8F1E46C95DC5F53E" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Adult. Male (Figure 103). Wingspan 14-15 mm. Segment 2 of labial palpus with sub-rectangular scale brush longer than segment 3, blackish, white on upper surface; segment 3 half as long as segment 2, white mottled with black. Antennal scape with pecten of several hairs; flagellum light brown, indistinctly ringed with black. Head, thorax and tegula whitish grey mottled with blackish brown. Forewing whitish grey mottled with brown- or blackish-tipped scales, especially along apical margins; black spots in fold and at 2/3 and 3/4 in middle of wing; fringes whitish grey with two grey fringe lines. Hindwing light grey with concolorous fringes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0A76966C38EDA6DC08D694EB433D0CF3" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Female (Figure 104). Wingspan 10-11 mm. Labial palpus whitish mottled with some blackish brown on lower, outer and inner surfaces. Antenna with flagellum ringed white and light brown. Head, thorax, and tegula cream-white. Forewing ellipsoid with pointed apex, whitish mottled with some darker scales especially along apical margins; fold light yellowish; a black spot at end of cell. Hindwing nearly lanceolate. Fringes on both wings reduced.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6FEE6682C2A923D0689386AD01AA9D11" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Variation. There is a slight variation in the intensity of dark scales on the forewing.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2CCE791FAF3957415E326F5C03D9E5D1" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Male genitalia (Figure 231). Uncus large, sub-square, apical edge evenly rounded; gnathos hook evenly slender, apically pointed, almost twice length of uncus, bent at right angles at about one-quarter; anterior margin of tegumen with broad and shallow U-shaped emargination, anteromedially small additional emargination; pedunculi moderately small, suboval; valva stout, extending slightly beyond base of uncus, basally weakly inflated, broadly digitate distal part weakly tapered to slightly pointed apex; saccular area densely covered with setae, without separated sacculus; posterior margin of vinculum with U-shaped medial emargination, without distinct lateral humps, vincular sclerite elongated, digitate, with sclerotised posterior edge; saccus large, slightly shorter than valva, basally broad, distally evenly tapered with broadly rounded apex, ratio maximum width to length about 1, posterior margin with rounded shallow projections, separated by small incision, medial part with long sclerotised ridge from posterior margin to subapical area of saccus, lateral sclerites almost length of maximum width of saccus, with massively bulged apex; phallus with distinctly inflated coecum, about two times wider than distal part, distal three-quarters digitate, slightly swollen subapically, with tapered apex, medial part with numerous small teeth.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BA3B7CFAEA9C218F469672CAB523DC06" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Female genitalia (Figure 290). Papilla analis weakly sclerotised, large, apically rounded; apophysis posterior slender rod-like, short, approximately 1.1 mm long, posterior end with small sclerotised zone; segment VIII short, approximately 0.4 mm long, large sclerotised dorso- and ventrolateral zone, medially largely membranous, covered with microtrichia; subgenital plate with sub-triangular subostial sclerotisation, posteriorly extended into very short, distally pointed sub-medial sclerites, anteriorly with rounded sclerotised and projected ring delimiting ostium bursae, anterior margin with broadly rod-like edge connected with apophysis anterior; apophysis anterior moderately stout, rod-like, about length of segment VIII, posteriorly broadly connected with segment VIII by sclerotised band; colliculum short, sclerotised; ductus bursae gradually widening to weakly delimited, slender corpus bursae, entire length of ductus and corpus bursae approximately 2.5 mm; signum moderately small, oblong and weakly spiny plate.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9B987F6EF1FEFA55C7404217D4E96E7B" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5F87127640C4C01BBEEBDF1CEB5D1834" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="126129CD434B0D63D42B5784B887C08C" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B39C032C87734202B10A878B6962A41" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3C6395D12AFE40900AD03C04086B725C" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus multispinella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multispinella">Megacraspedus multispinella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is characterised by the short segment 3 of the labial palpus, by the antennal scape with pecten having several hairs, and by the whitish grey forewings mottled with brownish- or blackish-tipped scales along apical margins. It resembles
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B334A78B00331B8A118F45E861477810" lsidName="M. leuca" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="leuca">M. leuca</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Figs 111-112), but differs in the more greyish forewings, and by the distinct blackish scaling along the margins in the apical part of the wing. The male genitalia differ from related species of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A1942175B239BCCA32DAF1A4CE22A17B" lsidName="M. consortiella" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="consortiella">M. consortiella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species group in particular in the numerous teeth-like sclerites of the phallus. The female genitalia are characterised in particular by the short segment VIII as well as the short apophysis posterior and anterior. The latter character is the major diagnostic feature for separating
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E5D2874BFF32EFA7169E63465983FCF7" lsidName="M. multispinella" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="multispinella">M. multispinella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3AD6C8B5D1733787E6ADE2415452E726" lsidName="M. nupponeni" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="nupponeni">M. nupponeni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. (Figure 232).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9FDE4BBF8590F5232CBC22A1708BE445" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="molecular data">
|
||||
<paragraph id="371B60E792D55792393E73A05A3B48B2" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Molecular data.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F3DC9146D2E0A2271C5CE2375EAD34F" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||||
BIN BOLD:ACM0852 (n = 1) The distance to the nearest neighbour
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F1E7AE24987438EB7D17E457592E5CF" lsidName="M. nupponeni" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="nupponeni">M. nupponeni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. is 8.1% (p-dist).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="864E51870819B7FE2C10F91B612A8755" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="98FB834E610541D98CB30976934280EA" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B3136631464DEC96401F90E34E47ED46" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Russia (S. Ural, Tuva rep.).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A411A21493396F5D1FED2B6308160DA8" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DF4B64240867F1CA604C09D242B6BC02" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5EE7B9EB45FFCDE82D0EF8EC80CA660D" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Host plant and early stages are unknown. The adults have been collected in early June at altitudes of ca. 700 m.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5D47107C00AD1497E9BF6CF289543341" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E0128D4AA62355ADDBB02F653B1D6B1" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BF59125107D56A80554A28C534DFCDC7" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0D3FFC516BC9CAB280BEDC7E27060CEA" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus multispinella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multispinella">Megacraspedus multispinella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described from two males collected in the southern Ural Mountains, Russia (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="63D1D55D8F5325AA145C1DE757F891AF" author="Junnilainen, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="1 - 34" title="The gelechiid fauna of the Southern Ural Mountains, part I: descriptions of seventeen new species (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)." volume="2366" year="2010">Junnilainen and Nupponen 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). We have been able to examine several females, all of which are more or less worn. The holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8E226819737EB4D5C9ACAD86F563C0DC" lsidName="M. multispinella" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="multispinella">M. multispinella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a label "HOLOTYPE Megacraspedus aholai Junnilainen", which is a nomen nudum.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
628
data/DD/1F/87/DD1F87FFFFD17021FF53C854D8D5871F.xml
Normal file
628
data/DD/1F/87/DD1F87FFFFD17021FF53C854D8D5871F.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,628 @@
|
|||
<document id="30F32D78B2D2FD4FA345EF53ECACBA17" ID-CLB-Dataset="45696" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.208938" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7698752c-1a93-49d0-bf6c-50a8357d38c5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="208938" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460424781722" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="De, Nicole J." docDate="2012" docId="DD1F87FFFFD17021FF53C854D8D5871F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03155p028.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3155" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Psammochela tutiae De, 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="2126FF87FFD07027FFC4CF1DDC31840B" masterDocTitle="On sand-bearing myxillid sponges, with a description of Psammochela tutiae sp. nov. (Poecilosclerida, Myxillina) from the northern Moluccas, Indonesia" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698330572080" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="0436B1E0794E7E0CCE3ED59A7B374D30" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="3D9D3A423E07A2A5E52CAF5D03AECCCD">
|
||||
<mods:title id="E0419CFADDDB38F5B9E14C9194B64DB9">On sand-bearing myxillid sponges, with a description of Psammochela tutiae sp. nov. (Poecilosclerida, Myxillina) from the northern Moluccas, Indonesia</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="3A9766C830DB9DD139DE6D6BE0166CC8" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="9F3F49A56D69269B170DD1722D0BE0C8">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="D8EB4CA9075EB8B0C776262DA98AC73A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="4A71C12BF2E8EE3284A6C89992D25F5B">De, Nicole J.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="F55FB151BE05F1AB90BBC0DDACC4154E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="D2B6F4B5A6CD0C8B0C661BF626CD754C" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="02A357EAAFEABE8F1637CB3B5C7DDD3C">
|
||||
<mods:title id="59464BF3B7F11679C11D7DFAD6FE891B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="B7EC6304C381EEC2ACE17D9C9405E505">
|
||||
<mods:date id="73537811FD58A31AB10670FDDDFFE5DA">2012</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="C0CFBF0E6ABDCDE517600FF2F08B87CB" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="C56F23E9F5F69F0C59343C2A3B83783E">3155</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="6B794E8A3BAB67D02EDAA8DA56235EDC" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="93D25A7C7B620979070936F29B152FCE">21</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="923CD10426830EFDA8616FB4F5746F51">28</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="246DBCB2CC835C15D4D114039E035545">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="3D6FBDD78E2D864B43ED8AB667284D5B" type="CLB-Dataset">45696</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="0FD2DF54D5291EF42E5E14C0BD806702" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.208938</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="BA9A8BAAC8326F2EF1EA120BB1FFE631" type="GBIF-Dataset">7698752c-1a93-49d0-bf6c-50a8357d38c5</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="DDF16A55D7A069490ACC4E4039FD4CB3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="26061DBCC92FDD3FBC5E40F050A9E1A0" type="Zenodo-Dep">208938</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="DD1F87FFFFD17021FF53C854D8D5871F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6173708" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119428228" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6173708" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD1F87FFFFD17021FF53C854D8D5871F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD1F87FFFFD17021FF53C854D8D5871F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1DAC6562FFD17026FF53C854DD5E838F" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD17026FF53C854DDC18368" blockId="1.[151,496,1865,1924]" box="[151,496,1865,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<heading id="0E418185FFD17026FF53C854DDC18368" bold="true" box="[151,496,1865,1891]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD17026FF53C854DDC18368" bold="true" box="[151,496,1865,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD17026FF53C854DDBD8368" ID-CoL="4NC37" box="[151,396,1865,1891]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tutiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD17026FF53C854DDBD8368" bold="true" box="[151,396,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Psammochela tutiae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7CF15780FFD17026FE57C854DDC18368" box="[403,496,1865,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD17026FF53C871DD5E838F" blockId="1.[151,496,1865,1924]" box="[151,367,1900,1924]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CD8D2A6CFFD17026FF5BC871DCC4838F" box="[159,245,1900,1924]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1805,1828]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,831,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,831,1789]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, Psammochela tutiae sp. nov., in situ photograph of holotype (photo Y. Tuti); B, preserved specimen (scale bar 5 cm); C, Light micrograph of ectosomal skeleton; D, Light micrograph of choanosomal skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208939/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||||
–D, 2A–E)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1DAC6562FFD17024FF53C8A9DDD186DC" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD17025FF53C8A9DEE98517" blockId="1.[151,1435,1972,2032]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,788]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
Material examined.
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD17026FE4CC8A9DDDE83C7" box="[392,495,1972,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD17026FE3BC8A8DE6283C7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[511,595,1973,1996]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD17026FDA7C8A9DEAD83C7" box="[611,668,1972,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">POR</collectionCode>
|
||||
. 5490,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD17026FD3BC8A9DF5F83C7" box="[767,878,1972,1996]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Halmahera mainland Tanjung Sidangolo, stat TER.020,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3082502EFFD17026FECDC8C4DDAD83FB" box="[265,412,2008,2032]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="0.8943333">N 0°53'39.6"</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3082502EFFD17026FE6CC8C4DE6383FB" box="[424,594,2008,2032]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="127.491135">E 127°29'28.1"</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="21081029FFD17026FD9AC8C5DED183FB" box="[606,736,2008,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" value="2009-11-05">05-11-2009</date>
|
||||
, depth
|
||||
<specimenCount id="43B0FD60FFD17026FCF4C8C5DF4183FB" box="[816,880,2008,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" type="generic">
|
||||
<quantity id="924E9B0CFFD17026FCF4C8C5DF5D83FB" box="[816,876,2008,2032]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
Fieldnr #TER20/
|
||||
<date id="21081029FFD17026FBF0C8C5D8B883FB" box="[1076,1161,2008,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" value="09-05-11">051109</date>
|
||||
/241, coll.
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD17026FB3EC8C4D93F83FB" box="[1274,1294,2009,2032]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Y</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. Tuti
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD27025FF03CF85DD0984BB" box="[199,312,152,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FE82CF85DDAB84A4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[326,410,152,175]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FE61CF8ADDEE84A4" box="[421,479,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">POR</collectionCode>
|
||||
. 5509,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD27025FDF2CF8ADE9784A4" box="[566,678,151,175]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Halmahera,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD27025FC85CF85DFA584A4" box="[833,916,152,175]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Ternate</collectingCountry>
|
||||
Sulamadah I., stat TER.022,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3082502EFFD27025FB35CF85D94A84A4" box="[1265,1403,151,175]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" precision="1" value="0.86766666">N 0°52'3.6"</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3082502EFFD27025FA4FCF85DD1D84DF" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" precision="1" value="127.32586">E 127°19'33.1"</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="21081029FFD27025FEFECFA1DD8E84DF" box="[314,447,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" value="2009-11-06">06-11-2009</date>
|
||||
, depth
|
||||
<quantity id="924E9B0CFFD27025FDD0CFA1DE6084DF" box="[532,593,188,212]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||||
, Fieldnr #TER22/
|
||||
<date id="21081029FFD27025FCE5CFA1DF4784DF" box="[801,886,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" value="09-06-11">061109</date>
|
||||
/260, coll. K. van Egmond;
|
||||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FB04CFA0D92584DF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[1216,1300,189,212]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FAD9CFA1D96684DF" box="[1309,1367,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">POR</collectionCode>
|
||||
. 5475
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD27025FF53CFC2DD3684FC" box="[151,263,223,247]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Halmahera,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD27025FE5ECFC2DDD584FC" box="[410,484,223,247]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Tidore</collectingCountry>
|
||||
SW of Tobala, stat TER.019,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3082502EFFD27025FCF6CFFDDFF784FC" box="[818,966,223,247]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" precision="1" value="0.74905556">N 0°44'56.6"</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3082502EFFD27025FC15CFFDD84F84FC" box="[977,1150,223,247]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" precision="1" value="127.387085">E 127°23'13.5"</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="21081029FFD27025FB4DCFC2D93D84FC" box="[1161,1292,223,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" value="2009-11-04">04-11-2009</date>
|
||||
, depth
|
||||
<quantity id="924E9B0CFFD27025FA99CFC2D9A684FC" box="[1373,1431,223,247]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
|
||||
, Fieldnr #TER19/
|
||||
<date id="21081029FFD27025FE91CE19DD9A8517" box="[341,427,260,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" value="09-04-11">041109</date>
|
||||
/226, coll. K. van Egmond.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD27025FF03CE3ADE548654" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
Other Material examined:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FE3ACE35DFE98534" authority="Bowerbank, 1875" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1875" box="[510,984,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rigida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FE3ACE35DEDD854B" box="[510,748,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Psammochela rigida</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD27025FD3BCE3ADFE18534" author="Bowerbank" box="[767,976,295,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1875) Contributions to a General History of the Spongiadae. Part VII. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1875, 281 - 296." type="proceedings paper" year="1875">Bowerbank, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, unreg.
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD27025FBF8CE35D85D854B" box="[1084,1132,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FBBCCE35D8FD8534" box="[1144,1228,296,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
(as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FAC1CE35DCEA856F" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rigida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FAC1CE35DCEA856F" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Halichondria rigida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FF36CE51DEBF856F" authority="Ridley, 1884" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" box="[242,654,332,356]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fibrosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FF36CE51DDD5856F" box="[242,484,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Psammochela fibrosa</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD27025FE37CE51DEB6856F" author="Ridley" box="[499,647,332,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" refString="Ridley, S. O. (1884) Spongiida. In: Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Alert', 1881 - 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, p. 366 - 482, pls 39 - 43; 582 - 630, pls 53 - 54." type="book chapter" year="1884">Ridley, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, unreg.
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD27025FD23CE50DF26856E" box="[743,791,333,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FCDACE50DF43856F" box="[798,882,333,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
(as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FC63CE51D893856F" box="[935,1186,332,356]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Phoriospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fibrosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FC63CE51D893856F" box="[935,1186,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Phoriospongia fibrosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), Torres Strait, Northern Great Barrier Reef.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FE66CE6DDF07858C" authority="Dendy, 1916" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1916" box="[418,822,367,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FE66CE6DDEAD8583" box="[418,668,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Psammochela elegans</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD27025FD60CE72DF07858C" author="Dendy" box="[676,822,367,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" refString="Dendy, A. (1916) Report on the non-Calcareous Sponges collected by Mr. James Hornell at Okhamandal in Kattiawar in 1905 - 6. Report to the Government of Baroda on the Marine Zoology of Okhamandal in Kattiawar, 2, 93 - 146, pls I - IV." type="journal article" year="1916">Dendy, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD27025FC86CE6DDF838583" box="[834,946,368,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FC7DCE6DD83C858C" box="[953,1037,368,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
1920.12.9.36, Indian Ocean,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD27025FA9FCE72D9A9858C" box="[1371,1432,367,391]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">India</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FF53CE89DEBB85A7" authority="Dendy, 1896" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,650,404,428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chaliniformis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FF53CE89DDE485A7" box="[151,469,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Psammochela chaliniformis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Dendy, 1896)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FD5FCE88DEDE85A7" box="[667,751,405,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
1886:12:15:341 (as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FC21CE89D8D385A7" box="[997,1250,404,428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chaliniformis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FC21CE89D8D385A7" box="[997,1250,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Dysidea chaliniformis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FB3BCE89DDC585C4" authority="Hentschel, 1911" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1911" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FB3BCE89DD2B85DB" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Psammochela psammodes</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD27025FEE9CEAADDDD85C4" author="Hentschel" box="[301,492,439,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" refString="Hentschel, E. (1911) Tetraxonida. 2. Teil. In: Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (Eds), Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905. Volume 3 (10), Fischer: Jena, pp. 279 - 393." type="journal article" year="1911">Hentschel, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD27025FDC1CEAADE5C85C4" box="[517,621,439,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FDBDCEA5DE8785C4" box="[633,694,440,463]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||||
4414 (as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FCF6CEA5D87C85DB" box="[818,1101,440,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FCF6CEA5D87C85DB" box="[818,1101,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Desmacidon psammodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FBADCEA5D9A585DB" box="[1129,1428,440,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FBADCEA5D9A585DB" box="[1129,1428,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Psammochela psammodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FF53CEC1DCE485FF" box="[151,213,476,500]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">ZMA</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FF19CEC1DD2685FF" box="[221,279,476,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">POR</collectionCode>
|
||||
. 9463, Snellius II,
|
||||
<date id="21081029FFD27025FE28CEC1DE5C85FF" box="[492,621,476,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" value="1984-10-14">14.10.1984</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD27025FDBDCEC1DED885FF" box="[633,745,476,500]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Sulawesi, NE Take Bone Rate, stn. 222, 06°31.5’
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3082502EFFD27025FAEECEC1D9AD85FF" box="[1322,1436,476,500]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" precision="925" value="-121.13333">S 121°08’</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
E,
|
||||
<quantity id="924E9B0CFFD27025FF71CEE2DCC1861C" box="[181,240,511,535]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="58.0">58 m</quantity>
|
||||
, coll. R.W.M. van Soest.
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FDC8CD1DDF3D8613" box="[524,780,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FDC8CD1DDF398613" box="[524,776,512,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">Psammochela elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FCD7CD1DDF608613" box="[787,849,512,536]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">ZMA</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FC9CCEE2DFA3861C" box="[856,914,511,535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">POR</collectionCode>
|
||||
. 9053, Snellius II
|
||||
<date id="21081029FFD27025FB98CEE2D8EC861C" box="[1116,1245,511,535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" value="1984-09-16">16.09.1984</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD27025FB23CEE2D966861C" box="[1255,1367,511,535]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Nusa Tenggara, NE Coast of Sumba, stn. 0 68, 09°57’
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3082502EFFD27025FD75CD39DF138637" box="[689,802,548,572]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" precision="925" value="-120.8">S 120°48’</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
E, light red, sandy bottom with sponges and gorgonians, dredged at
|
||||
<quantity id="924E9B0CFFD27025FED7CD5ADD7F8654" box="[275,334,583,607]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||||
, coll. R.W.M. van Soest.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD27025FF03CD71DE5D871F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
Description. Shape: The
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD27025FE1BCD71DE70868F" box="[479,577,620,644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
consists of a part of a larger specimen (see fig. 1a and 1b). The specimen is bushy with anastomosing thorny branches with pointy endings. Raised oscules (diameter of
|
||||
<quantity id="924E9B0CFFD27025FB7FCD92D92A86AC" box="[1211,1307,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
) along one side of the branch every
|
||||
<quantity id="924E9B0CFFD27025FE6DCDA9DDCE86C7" box="[425,511,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 cm</quantity>
|
||||
. The surface is irregularly rugose and smooth in between and the ectosomal reticulation is clearly visible in live and preserved specimens. Colour is pale salmon pink to light orange alive, grayish in spirit. The texture is compressible, brittle.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="01C96661FFD27025FF53C810D8548349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208939/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[151,1432,831,1788]" targetPageId="2">
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD27025FF53C810D8548349" blockId="2.[151,1437,1805,1858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FF53C810DD228328" bold="true" box="[151,275,1805,1828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
A,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FEFCC813DE37832F" box="[312,518,1806,1828]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tutiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FEFCC813DE37832F" box="[312,518,1806,1828]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Psammochela tutiae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7CF15780FFD27025FDC8C812DE67832F" box="[524,598,1807,1828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, in situ photograph of holotype (photo Y. Tuti); B, preserved specimen (scale bar 5 cm); C, Light micrograph of ectosomal skeleton; D, Light micrograph of choanosomal skeleton.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD27025FF03C872D8E583F8" blockId="2.[151,1436,1903,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
Skeleton. Ectosomal skeleton consists of a large irregular meshed reticulation outlined by large sand grains, other foreign material and thin strongyles, meshes
|
||||
<quantity id="924E9B0CFFD27025FD19C88EDF7683A0" box="[733,839,1939,1963]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" unit="cm" value="0.7" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.4">0.4–1 cm</quantity>
|
||||
in diameter with few microscleres in the soft tissue between the fibres. Choanosomal skeleton is an isotropic to irregular reticulation of spicule tracts mixed with foreign material. The mega-and microscleres are obscured by the large size of the foreign materials.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="01C96661FFD37024FF53CF85D9178563" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD37024FF53CF85D9178563" blockId="3.[151,1319,152,406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD37024FF53CF85DD3984BB" bold="true" box="[151,264,152,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Comparison of spicule dimensions (µm) among specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD37024FC63CF84D8B184BB" box="[935,1152,153,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tutiae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD37024FC63CF84D8B184BB" box="[935,1152,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Psammochela tutiae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD37024FF61CFD7D92784D4" box="[165,1302,201,224]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Specimen Locality Strongyles Sigma I Sigma II chelae</emphasis>
|
||||
RMNH 5409* Halmahera 125–142 x 2.5 25–32.5 12.5–20 15–17.5 RMNH 5509 Ternate 120–140 x 2.5 27.5–40 15–20 17.5–20 RMNH 5475 Tidore 137.5–155 x 2.5 30–35 15–17.5 15–17.5
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD37024FF53CE9CDD33859D" blockId="3.[151,1319,152,406]" box="[151,258,384,406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
*
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD37024FF6ECE9DDD33859D" box="[170,258,384,406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD37024FF03CEDEDF5585F4" blockId="3.[151,1436,449,727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
Spicules. Thin strongyles (120–155 x 2.5 μm), two sizes of sigmas (
|
||||
<date id="21081029FFD37024FC00CEDED82A85D0" box="[964,1051,451,475]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="1940-01-25">I 25–40</date>
|
||||
μm; II 12.5–20 μm) and spatulate and/or equianchorate chelae (15–20 μm) (see table 1 and fig. 2).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD37024FF03CD16DF1D8628" blockId="3.[151,1436,449,727]" box="[199,812,523,547]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
Ecology. Reef slopes and sandy bottom
|
||||
<quantity id="924E9B0CFFD37024FD43CD16DED88628" box="[647,745,523,547]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="10.0">10–40 m</quantity>
|
||||
deep.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD37024FF03CD32DDB78660" blockId="3.[151,1436,449,727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
Geographic distribution. Specimens were found near the island of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD37024FC6DCD2DDFCE864C" box="[937,1023,560,583]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Ternate</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD37024FBCECD32D865864C" box="[1034,1108,559,583]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Tidore</collectingCountry>
|
||||
& Halmahera in the northern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD37024FF53CD4EDD368660" box="[151,263,595,619]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD37024FED6CD4EDDB28660" box="[274,387,595,619]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD37024FF03CD6ADDD186DC" blockId="3.[151,1436,449,727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
Etymology.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD37024FE95CD6ADE068684" box="[337,567,631,655]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tutiae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD37024FE95CD6ADE068684" box="[337,567,631,655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Psammochela tutiae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is named after Ir. Yosephine Tuti, who collected and photographed the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD37024FAA8CD65D9AD869B" box="[1388,1436,632,656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
specimen. She is also acknowledged for all the logistic support provided in the past years to make our biodiversity studies in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD37024FECDCDA2DD4786DC" box="[265,374,703,727]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
possible.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="01C96661FFD37024FF53C89ED9B883B7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208940/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[525,1061,780,1901]" targetPageId="3">
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD37024FF53C89ED9B883B7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1923,1980]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD37024FF53C89EDD238392" bold="true" box="[151,274,1923,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD37024FEDCC899DDD78391" box="[280,486,1924,1946]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tutiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD37024FEDCC899DDD78391" box="[280,486,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Psammochela tutiae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7CF15780FFD37024FE28C898DE058391" box="[492,564,1925,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Scanning electron micrographies of spicules made from the holotype and paratype. A, Strongyle; B, Anchorate chelae RMNH 5509; C, RMNH 5490; D, Sigma I; E, sigma II (scale bars 10 µm, except B, C 5 µm)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1DAC6562FFD47021FF03CF85D8D5871F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD47023FF03CF85D94B86DD" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,607]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1402,656,726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF03CF85DD9F84BB" ID-CoL="4NC37" box="[199,430,152,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tutiae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF03CF85DD9F84BB" box="[199,430,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Psammochela tutiae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is characterized by its bushy growth form, thin strongyles and absence of polydentate chelae. Only five other species belonging to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FD54CFA1DF1C84DF" ID-CoL="84SV7" box="[656,813,188,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FD54CFA1DF1C84DF" box="[656,813,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Psammochela</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are presently recognized:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FB9CCFA0D9AD84DF" authority="Bowerbank, 1875" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1875" box="[1112,1436,188,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rigida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FB9CCFA0D88984DF" box="[1112,1208,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. rigida</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD47023FB0DCFA1D9A584DF" author="Bowerbank" box="[1225,1428,188,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1875) Contributions to a General History of the Spongiadae. Part VII. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1875, 281 - 296." type="proceedings paper" year="1875">Bowerbank, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the Strait of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD47023FE98CFC2DD8C84FC" box="[348,445,223,247]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Malacca</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FE0CCFFCDEE884FC" authority="Ridley, 1884" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" box="[456,729,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Phoriospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fibrosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FE0CCFFCDE0084F3" box="[456,561,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. fibrosa</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD47023FDFBCFC2DEE084FC" author="Ridley" box="[575,721,223,247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Ridley, S. O. (1884) Spongiida. In: Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Alert', 1881 - 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, p. 366 - 482, pls 39 - 43; 582 - 630, pls 53 - 54." type="book chapter" year="1884">Ridley, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from NW
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD47023FC94CFC2DF8B84FC" box="[848,954,223,247]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FC00CFFCD92684FC" authority="Carter, 1885" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1885" box="[964,1303,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chaliniformis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FC00CFFCD84484F3" box="[964,1141,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. chaliniformis</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD47023FB46CFC2D93E84FC" author="Carter" box="[1154,1295,223,247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Carter, H. J. (1885) Descriptions of Sponges from the Neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5, 196 - 222." type="journal article" year="1885">Carter, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from South
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD47023FF53CE19DD308517" box="[151,257,260,284]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FEC8CE18DE188517" ID-CoL="4NC32" authority="Dendy, 1916" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1916" box="[268,553,260,284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FEC8CE18DD4F8517" box="[268,382,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD47023FE4ACE19DE118517" author="Dendy" box="[398,544,260,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Dendy, A. (1916) Report on the non-Calcareous Sponges collected by Mr. James Hornell at Okhamandal in Kattiawar in 1905 - 6. Report to the Government of Baroda on the Marine Zoology of Okhamandal in Kattiawar, 2, 93 - 146, pls I - IV." type="journal article" year="1916">Dendy, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from NW
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD47023FD62CE19DED18517" box="[678,736,260,284]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">India</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FCD3CE18D8B68517" ID-CoL="4NC34" authority="Hentschel, 1911" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1911" box="[791,1159,260,284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FCD3CE18DF868517" box="[791,951,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. psammodes</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD47023FC02CE19D84E8517" author="Hentschel" box="[966,1151,260,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Hentschel, E. (1911) Tetraxonida. 2. Teil. In: Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (Eds), Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905. Volume 3 (10), Fischer: Jena, pp. 279 - 393." type="journal article" year="1911">Hentschel, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from SW
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD47023FB3BCE19D95B8517" box="[1279,1386,260,284]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. For the present study I re-examined the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD47023FD80CE35DE45854B" box="[580,628,296,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
specimens of all species and discovered some crucial differences in spicule combination and dimensions deviating from the original descriptions. In addition I examined as comparative material some recent specimens deposited at the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD47023FAEBCE72D9AD858C" box="[1327,1436,367,391]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<tableCitation id="18340352FFD47023FF5ACE89DCC385A7" box="[158,242,404,428]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,239,656,680]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of spicule dimensions (µm) among species of Psammochela" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||||
&
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CD8D2A6CFFD47023FED1CE89DD6985A7" box="[277,344,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A – B" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[200,1403,155,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[200,1405,155,1853]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A – B, Unreg. type BMNH Psammochela rigida (Bowerbank, 1875 as Halichondria); C – D, unreg. type BMNH Psammochela fibrosa (Ridley, 1884 as Phoriospongia); E – F, ZMB 4414 Psammochela psammodes (Hentschel, 1911 as Desmacidon) (scale bars SEM, strongyle & style 20 µm; sigma I 10 µm; chelae, sigma II, tip strongyle 5 µm; G – J, Light micrographies. G, Ectosomal skeleton and H, choanosomal skeleton of P. e l e g a n s; I Psammochela psammodes ectosomal skeleton, J, choanosomal skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208941/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD47023FE5BCE88DDFE85A6" box="[415,463,405,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FDABCE88DEEE85A7" ID-CoL="4NC32" box="[623,735,404,428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FDABCE88DEEE85A7" box="[623,735,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FCD1CE88DFF485A7" box="[789,965,404,428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chaliniformis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FCD1CE88DFF485A7" box="[789,965,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. chaliniformis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have already been depicted and discussed in the recent revision of the classification of sponges (van
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD47023FCABCEAAD83A85C4" author="Soest" box="[879,1035,439,463]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (2002 a) Family Myxillidae Dendy, 1922. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (ed.) Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. 1 Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 602 - 620." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Soest, 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
:618, fig.11), however the spicule measurements deviated somewhat from the present ones (see table 2).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FC6ECEC1D8D285FF" ID-CoL="4NC2Z" box="[938,1251,476,500]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chaliniformis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FC6ECEC1D8D285FF" box="[938,1251,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Psammochela chaliniformis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is very different from the other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FE8ECD1DDDD68613" ID-CoL="84SV7" box="[330,487,512,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FE8ECD1DDDD68613" box="[330,487,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Psammochela</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species; the megascleres are completely replaced by sand grains and it has only polydentate unguiferate isochelae. These chelae differ subtly from those in other species: the shaft is rather straight and the alae are shorter, more numerous and pointy (fig.3 and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD47023FC8BCD55D8278654" author="Van" box="[847,1046,583,607]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (2002 a) Family Myxillidae Dendy, 1922. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (ed.) Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. 1 Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 602 - 620." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Van Soest, 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
:618, fig.11L). Although Burton specimen source megasclers Sigma I Sigma II Chelae I Chelae II
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="01C96661FFD47023FF53CD8DD82B86A3" box="[151,1050,656,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD47023FF53CD8DD82B86A3" blockId="4.[151,1402,656,726]" box="[151,1050,656,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF53CD8DDD3986A3" bold="true" box="[151,264,656,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Comparison of spicule dimensions (µm) among species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FC41CD8CD82B86A3" ID-CoL="84SV7" box="[901,1050,657,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Psammochela</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD47023FBB8CC1DD95D87CD" blockId="4.[151,1414,768,1368]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
Anchorate polydentate
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF0FCC31DD00874A" box="[203,305,811,833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF0FCC31DD16874A" box="[203,295,811,833]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rigida">P. rigida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
*
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
b Styles 150–175 x 5–6
|
||||
<date id="21081029FFD47023FCA8CC31D824874A" box="[876,1045,811,834]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="1940-11-30">30–40 11</date>
|
||||
–15 20–22.5 9–
|
||||
<specimenCount id="43B0FD60FFD47023FA8FCC31D954874A" box="[1355,1381,812,833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="generic">11</specimenCount>
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF02CC45DD078766" box="[198,310,855,877]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF02CC45DD1C8766" box="[198,301,855,877]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Phoriospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fibrosa">P. fibrosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
*
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
a Styles 160–190 32 - 22 -
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF02CC99DD078792" box="[198,310,899,921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF02CC99DD1C8792" box="[198,301,899,921]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Phoriospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fibrosa">P. fibrosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
*
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
b (aniso) Strongyles 140–155
|
||||
<date id="21081029FFD47023FCC5CC99DF4A8791" box="[769,891,900,922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="1930-10-05">x5 30</date>
|
||||
–37.5 10–12.5 17.5– 22.5 8–
|
||||
<specimenCount id="43B0FD60FFD47023FA8FCC98D9548791" box="[1355,1381,901,922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="generic">10</specimenCount>
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF62CCADDD6787CE" box="[166,342,943,965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF62CCADDD7D87CE" ID-CoL="4NC2Z" box="[166,332,943,965]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chaliniformis">P. chaliniformis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
*
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
c - - - - 10–12
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD47023FE52CCC6D82D8153" blockId="4.[151,1414,768,1368]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
b - 12.5–17.5
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF02CB1ADD048016" box="[198,309,1031,1053]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF02CB1ADD1D8016" ID-CoL="4NC32" box="[198,300,1031,1053]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">P.elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||||
*
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
a Styles (strongylote)160 x 5–
|
||||
<date id="21081029FFD47023FCBBCB15DFA98016" box="[895,920,1032,1053]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="1933-12-24">33</date>
|
||||
12 24
|
||||
<specimenCount id="43B0FD60FFD47023FAFACB15DCEA8041" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="generic">
|
||||
12
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF02CB29DCEA8041" ID-CoL="4NC32" box="[198,219,1076,1098]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF02CB29DCEA8041" box="[198,219,1076,1098]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
elegans* b Styles 145–160
|
||||
<date id="21081029FFD47023FD42CB2BDF4A8041" box="[646,891,1077,1099]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="1930-10-05">x 5 30</date>
|
||||
–37.5 10–15 21.5–22.5 10–12.5
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF02CB7DDD04807D" box="[198,309,1120,1142]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF02CB7DDD1D807D" ID-CoL="4NC32" box="[198,300,1120,1142]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">P.elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||||
*
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
c Styles 160 x 5–7 50
|
||||
<date id="21081029FFD47023FBCBCB7CD966807D" box="[1039,1367,1120,1143]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="1912-12-24" valueMax="1912-12-25" valueMin="1912-12-24">12 24–25 12</date>
|
||||
ZMA.9053 b Styles 155–180 x 5 30–
|
||||
<date id="21081029FFD47023FC57CB90DF9D80A8" box="[915,940,1165,1187]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="1935-10-20">35</date>
|
||||
10 20–22.5
|
||||
<specimenCount id="43B0FD60FFD47023FA80CB90DCF480C4" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="generic">
|
||||
8
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF6BCBA7DCF480C4" ID-CoL="4NC34" box="[175,197,1210,1231]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF6BCBA7DCF480C4" box="[175,197,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
psammodes* a (aniso) Strongyles 136–166
|
||||
<date id="21081029FFD47023FCA8CBA4D80D80C4" box="[876,1084,1208,1231]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="1932-10-25" valueMax="1932-12-25" valueMin="1932-10-25">25–32 10–12</date>
|
||||
15–17 9–
|
||||
<specimenCount id="43B0FD60FFD47023FA8FCBA7D95480C4" box="[1355,1381,1210,1231]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="generic">10</specimenCount>
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF6BCBFBDD7F80F0" box="[175,334,1253,1275]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF6BCBFBDD7580F0" ID-CoL="4NC34" box="[175,324,1253,1275]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">P. psammodes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
*
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
b (aniso) Strongyles 145–175 x 2.5
|
||||
<date id="21081029FFD47023FCA8CBF8D83A80F0" box="[876,1035,1252,1275]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="1925-10-30">25–30 10</date>
|
||||
–12.5 13–17.5 8–12.5 ZMA.9463 b (aniso) Strongyles 160–175 25–35 12.5–17.5 13–17.5 10–12.5 *
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD47023FF65CA5EDCFE8153" box="[161,207,1347,1368]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species. Abbreviations: a) original description, b) present study, c) van Soest, 2002
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD47021FF53CA95DF7685A7" blockId="4.[151,1437,1416,2017]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
(1934) synonymized
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FE40CA97DDC481AA" ID-CoL="4NC32" box="[388,501,1417,1441]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FE40CA97DDC481AA" box="[388,501,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FDF0CA97DEAB81AA" box="[564,666,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. f i b ro s a</emphasis>
|
||||
, there are some clear differences between the two species. Strangely enough, the original description by Ridley misses the small polydentate chelae and the second category of sigmas. More importantly, the megascleres consist of strongyles and aniso(strongyles) instead of styles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CD8D2A6CFFD47023FB16CACDD93F81E3" box="[1234,1294,1488,1512]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A – B" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[200,1403,155,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[200,1405,155,1853]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A – B, Unreg. type BMNH Psammochela rigida (Bowerbank, 1875 as Halichondria); C – D, unreg. type BMNH Psammochela fibrosa (Ridley, 1884 as Phoriospongia); E – F, ZMB 4414 Psammochela psammodes (Hentschel, 1911 as Desmacidon) (scale bars SEM, strongyle & style 20 µm; sigma I 10 µm; chelae, sigma II, tip strongyle 5 µm; G – J, Light micrographies. G, Ectosomal skeleton and H, choanosomal skeleton of P. e l e g a n s; I Psammochela psammodes ectosomal skeleton, J, choanosomal skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208941/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig.3</figureCitation>
|
||||
d). He might have confused alien styles as real megascleres. This species is therefore more related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FB5ECAEBD90A8206" ID-CoL="4NC34" box="[1178,1339,1525,1549]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FB5ECAEBD90A8206" box="[1178,1339,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. psammodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but the latter species has smaller microscleres (both sigmas and chelae) and I believe that both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FBA7C907D8E5823A" ID-CoL="4NC32" box="[1123,1236,1561,1585]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FBA7C907D8E5823A" box="[1123,1236,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FACDC907D95E823A" box="[1289,1391,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. f i b ro s a</emphasis>
|
||||
are valid species.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FEF2C923DDA6825E" box="[310,407,1597,1621]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rigida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FEF2C923DDA6825E" box="[310,407,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. rigida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD47023FDADC921DF0C825F" author="Bowerbank" box="[617,829,1596,1620]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1875) Contributions to a General History of the Spongiadae. Part VII. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1875, 281 - 296." type="proceedings paper" year="1875">Bowerbank (1875)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
from the Strait of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD47023FBD5C921D841825F" box="[1041,1136,1596,1620]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Malacca</collectingCountry>
|
||||
as a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FB6FC920D973825E" box="[1195,1346,1597,1621]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FB6FC920D973825E" box="[1195,1346,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Halichondria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and he described ‘tension spicule acuate’ (=styles); rather numerous ‘bihamate spicula’ (=sigmas), simple and contort, rare, rather stout ‘bidentate equianchorates’ (=anchorate chelae). The sponge itself is massive and the surface is rugged, uneven and full of ridges and depressions. After examining the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD47023FC06C9B4DFC382CA" box="[962,1010,1705,1729]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FBDDC9B7D84882CA" box="[1049,1145,1705,1729]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rigida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FBDDC9B7D84882CA" box="[1049,1145,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. rigida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, I conclude that it is very similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FECCC9D3DD4882EE" ID-CoL="4NC32" box="[264,377,1741,1765]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FECCC9D3DD4882EE" box="[264,377,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and might be a senior synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FCC7C9D3DF4582EE" ID-CoL="4NC32" box="[771,884,1741,1765]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FCC7C9D3DF4582EE" box="[771,884,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD47023FC71C9D0DFD482EE" box="[949,997,1741,1765]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
localities of both are also close to each other (NE
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD47023FECAC9EDDD798303" box="[270,328,1776,1800]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">India</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and Strait of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD47023FE25C9EDDE748303" box="[481,581,1776,1800]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Malacca</collectingCountry>
|
||||
). The shapes of all
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD47023FCDAC9ECDF7F8302" box="[798,846,1777,1801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
specimens were more or less similar, being massive to irregularly shaped with digitate processes. The ectosomal skeletons of all specimens are also very similar having a tight meshed reticulation of fine sand grains and can therefore not be used as distinguishing character among species (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CD8D2A6CFFD47023FF33C841DD09837F" box="[247,312,1884,1908]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A – B" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[200,1403,155,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[200,1405,155,1853]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A – B, Unreg. type BMNH Psammochela rigida (Bowerbank, 1875 as Halichondria); C – D, unreg. type BMNH Psammochela fibrosa (Ridley, 1884 as Phoriospongia); E – F, ZMB 4414 Psammochela psammodes (Hentschel, 1911 as Desmacidon) (scale bars SEM, strongyle & style 20 µm; sigma I 10 µm; chelae, sigma II, tip strongyle 5 µm; G – J, Light micrographies. G, Ectosomal skeleton and H, choanosomal skeleton of P. e l e g a n s; I Psammochela psammodes ectosomal skeleton, J, choanosomal skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208941/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
G, I). Species belonging to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FDAFC840DF39837E" ID-CoL="84SV7" box="[619,776,1885,1909]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FDAFC840DF39837E" box="[619,776,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Psammochela</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are not often observed during biodiversity surveys and the specimens collected during the present study show some variation in the abundance of the microscleres as often observed in some Poecilosclerid sponges. For instance,
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD47023FCC1C8B8DF5783B6" box="[773,870,1957,1981]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
RMNH POR.5475 has only few chelae in contrast with the other specimens, thus showing the difficulty in identifying this species despite its very characteristic outer morphology. The polydentate chelae were observed in all species, except in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FBEDCF84D8BA84BB" ID-CoL="4NC37" box="[1065,1163,153,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tutiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FBEDCF84D8BA84BB" box="[1065,1163,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">P. tutiae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7CF15780FFD67021FB53CF85D8C484A4" box="[1175,1269,152,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, and are very numerous in the interstitial membranes of the choanosomal skeleton together with the sigmas. On the other hand, all species have spatulate anchorate chelae, characteristic of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FCB7CFC2DFC084FC" ID-CoL="84KJH" box="[883,1009,223,247]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Myxillidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but these are not very numerous and are hard to detect among the foreign material. A striking similarity is observed in the species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FB35CE18DDE78534" ID-CoL="34ZZ4" authority="Van Soest, 1998" authorityName="Van Soest" authorityYear="1998" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FB35CE18DCCF854B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Desmapsamma vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD67021FECACE35DDE78534" author="Van" box="[270,470,295,319]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (1998) A new sponge Desmapsamma vervoorti spec. nov. (Poeciloslerida: Desmacididae) from Indonesia. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 323, 427 - 434." type="journal article" year="1998">Van Soest, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FDDBCE35DF13854B" ID-CoL="4NC32" box="[543,802,296,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FDDBCE35DF13854B" box="[543,802,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Psammochela elegans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The species cannot be distinguished by the outer morphology and the same holds true for both the ectosomal and choanosomal skeleton. The only difference lies in the morphology of the spicules;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FE3BCE6CDF268583" ID-CoL="34ZZ4" box="[511,791,369,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FE3BCE6CDF268583" box="[511,791,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Desmapsamma vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has exclusively hastate oxeote megascleres and two sizes of anchorate chelae and sigmas, but lacks polydentate chelae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="01C96661FFD57022FF53C852DDC583E8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208941/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[200,1403,155,1852]" targetPageId="5">
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD57022FF53C852DDC583E8" blockId="5.[151,1436,1870,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD57022FF53C852DD24836F" bold="true" box="[151,277,1871,1894]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
A–B, Unreg. type BMNH
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD57022FDF7C852DF36836E" ID-CoL="4NC36" box="[563,775,1871,1893]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rigida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD57022FDF7C852DF36836E" box="[563,775,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Psammochela rigida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Bowerbank, 1875 as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD57022FC30C852D84D836E" box="[1012,1148,1871,1893]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD57022FC30C852D84D836E" box="[1012,1148,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Halichondria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); C–D, unreg. type BMNH
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD57022FF53C872DD49838E" ID-CoL="4NC33" box="[151,376,1903,1925]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fibrosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD57022FF53C872DD49838E" box="[151,376,1903,1925]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Psammochela fibrosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Ridley, 1884 as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD57022FDFBC872DEE4838E" ID-CoL="84S4J" box="[575,725,1903,1925]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Phoriospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD57022FDFBC872DEE4838E" box="[575,725,1903,1925]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Phoriospongia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); E–F, ZMB 4414
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD57022FC69C872D88C838E" ID-CoL="4NC34" box="[941,1213,1903,1925]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD57022FC69C872D88C838E" box="[941,1213,1903,1925]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Psammochela psammodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Hentschel, 1911 as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD57022FF53C892DD2483AE" ID-CoL="84N55" box="[151,277,1935,1957]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD57022FF53C892DD2483AE" box="[151,277,1935,1957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Desmacidon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) (scale bars SEM, strongyle & style 20 µm; sigma I 10 µm; chelae, sigma II, tip strongyle 5 µm; G–J, Light micrographies. G, Ectosomal skeleton and H, choanosomal skeleton of
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD57022FC48C8B2DFCD83CF" box="[908,1020,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">P. e l e g a n s;</emphasis>
|
||||
I
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD57022FBD8C8B3D91B83CF" ID-CoL="4NC34" box="[1052,1322,1966,1988]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD57022FBD8C8B3D91B83CF" box="[1052,1322,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Psammochela psammodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
ectosomal skeleton, J, choanosomal skeleton.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD67021FF03CEAAD8D5871F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
|
||||
The species,
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FE93CEA4DE5D85DB" box="[343,620,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FE93CEA4DDF285DB" ID-CoL="4NC33" box="[343,451,440,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fibrosa">P. fibrosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FE0ACEA4DE5D85DB" ID-CoL="4NC34" box="[462,620,440,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">P. psammodes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FD65CEA4DECD85DB" ID-CoL="4NC37" box="[673,764,441,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tutiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FD65CEA4DECD85DB" box="[673,764,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">P. tutiae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7CF15780FFD67021FCC6CEA5DF6985C4" box="[770,856,440,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
share thin strongyles also observed with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FAE6CEA5DC8585FF" ID-CoL="84MC6" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Chondropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FAE6CEA5DC8585FF" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Chondropsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but the present species all have chelae. Looking more closely at
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FC00CEC1D86385FF" ID-CoL="84MC6" box="[964,1106,476,500]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Chondropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FC00CEC1D86385FF" box="[964,1106,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Chondropsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, of the 13 species currently assigned to the genus, only
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FE15CD1DDEF88613" ID-CoL="5XZM9" box="[465,713,512,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Chondropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FE15CD1DDEF88613" box="[465,713,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Chondropsis australis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FD3ECD1DDFDE8613" box="[762,1007,512,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FD3ECD1DDFDE8613" box="[762,1007,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Desmacidon australis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) contains reduced thin isochelae (van
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD67021FF53CD39DD178637" author="Soest" box="[151,294,548,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (2002 b) Family Desmacididae Schmidt, 1870. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (ed.) Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. 1 Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 572 - 574." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="b">Soest 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), but this species clearly has an irregular plumose arrangement characteristic for the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FB28CD39D9A88637" ID-CoL="84K2K" box="[1260,1433,548,572]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Chondropsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In contrast, the six species united here under
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FD68CD55DF78866B" ID-CoL="84SV7" box="[684,841,584,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FD68CD55DF78866B" box="[684,841,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Psammochela</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
share the presence of a reticulate skeleton of sand grains and/or of megascleres and anchorate chelae and/or polydentate chelae. In other respects they show considerable differences and their relationships with members of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FC91CD92DFCE86AC" ID-CoL="84K2K" box="[853,1023,655,679]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Chondropsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FBFDCD92D8E986AC" ID-CoL="84K59" box="[1081,1240,655,679]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Desmacididae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
remains unclear. Further research on evolutionary signal contained in different classes of morphological characters (e.g.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD67021FAFCCDA9DD7D86E4" author="Hajdu" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" refString="Hajdu, E. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (1996) Choosing among Poriferan morphological characters within the cladistic paradigm. Pp. 81 - 88. In: Willenz, Ph. (Ed.), Recent Advances in Sponge Biodiversity Inventory and Documentation. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Biologie, 66 (supplement), 1 - 24" type="journal article" year="1996">Hajdu & Van Soest, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) coupled to the search for molecular markers may eventually yield more objective criteria for decisions on which competing character states may best direct genus assignments in the sand-sponges.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
383
data/DD/1F/9C/DD1F9C8EC32443F94401E76F3A514E7C.xml
Normal file
383
data/DD/1F/9C/DD1F9C8EC32443F94401E76F3A514E7C.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
|
|||
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="292507" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a34b1339-ce5b-4e7d-b2ad-f7875bce54eb" checkinTime="1706641207265" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Info Flora" docDate="2021" docId="DD1F9C8EC32443F94401E76F3A514E7C" docLanguage="de" docName="InfoFlora.Boraginaceae.xml" docOrigin="https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/boraginaceae.html (accessed 2023-10-20)" docSource="https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/boraginaceae.html" docTitle="Pulmonaria mollis Hornem." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="5E2FE656ABA161FC3E454BABB33A9B0C" masterDocId="66195DCFD85BFED47B7E9F1C24CF1DDE" masterDocTitle="Info Flora Schweiz - Boraginaceae" updateTime="1712249360113" updateUser="admin">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="C8265F81A88829239166010ADFADC77B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="AE878BEA7748A52D154D1EE3D5B543EE">
|
||||
<mods:title id="E624A73AFDD9179326AC14E4A0ACA0DC">Info Flora Schweiz - Boraginaceae</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="302FB1154DB0ADBDCB8D2395697B0877" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="B6D5BE2A92D721B3F701F513E6CF07A3">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="F86F7967C204003E54F6834196BD8E2E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="BD365F439B036A2A3E03FAA61D6AE4BA">Info Flora</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="10FDBB7F69D5419CA2DE8DE1461F6DE9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:originInfo id="28A763032904279F513FF2F1A07D6F87">
|
||||
<mods:dateIssued id="916EFC97A81249588E6D70D977BE2FCD">2021</mods:dateIssued>
|
||||
<mods:dateCaptured id="062C6CAC2103BF83A5CBF93EEE4869F7">2023-10-20</mods:dateCaptured>
|
||||
<mods:publisher id="CD30A18338642E2DB405C7155BE47CCC">Info Flora Schweiz</mods:publisher>
|
||||
<mods:place id="8F608E49BB4D65CEA9C4608FA96BBCC3">
|
||||
<mods:placeTerm id="2FA79D088F4F022A3B0EA7B448C502ED">Geneve</mods:placeTerm>
|
||||
</mods:place>
|
||||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||||
<mods:location id="47FA408A303766B132A8DA7E947CE8E3">
|
||||
<mods:url id="9769987CC81E03386B2A0052D6402135">https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/boraginaceae.html</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="DB064B7966437F3C819C4829F02D033D">url</mods:classification>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="DD1F9C8EC32443F94401E76F3A514E7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10918157" ID-GBIF-Taxon="224774978" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10918157" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD1F9C8EC32443F94401E76F3A514E7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD1F9C8EC32443F94401E76F3A514E7C">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9CC2DEFAFCFEE03EEBAC61D539753B01" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E5333E98C45975327F3264B88BA152E3">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8A0A0BD30B908245AA59F32F874045D" ID-CoL="4QGQ7" authority="Hornem." authorityName="Hornem." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Pulmonaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3B5928A47DC8A1C23177C42A20591CAB" italics="true">Pulmonaria mollis</emphasis>
|
||||
Hornem.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="762DE926A8DA4383C019E4D4EE54BAD4" type="multiple">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5DB298AEB825B84CFF43447DABCF9D99">
|
||||
Art ISFS: 332350 Checklist: 1036895
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8E38F587C2EDA6AF4A2FC4E4B833D924" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Boraginaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A9615D08B139D9A1FA7AE2BE7986335E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Pulmonaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pulmonaria</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2796344530D8CA9CF56FDA2ED679A00A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Pulmonaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">Pulmonaria mollis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
aggr.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BCD725398CBA166E87E7F3516D82980F" authority="Hornem. Enthaelt" authorityName="Hornem. Enthaelt" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Pulmonaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||||
Pulmonaria mollis Hornem.
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="259CDF9AEAF0AC40B708271EC801518B" originalValue="Enthält">Enthaelt</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DBD00D7F4DA348EDD8E453BFB883090" authority="W. Sauer" authorityName="W. Sauer" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Pulmonaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="mollis" subSpecies="alpigena">Pulmonaria mollis subsp. alpigena W. Sauer</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="48AC02D214456416066B839086B822B4">
|
||||
<heading id="7F6595703F91AD02F6D6E8AEBA5EF9D3">Zusammenfassung</heading>
|
||||
KEINE ANGABE Status
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CDD99311C61E06C7433A525DAAB244A6" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="06D9D470AD9053891B7BF1DB77F3960A">
|
||||
<heading id="7A9A849FF7AE3FF4B48CF7AEB8B0A621">Status IUCN</heading>
|
||||
: Potenziell
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A97B3A0997F058DF565ED105F3853AB0" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="419505B3F6F878291E82C911611B4E57" type="multiple">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E33ADE28A19198A0792518D7A2B08082">
|
||||
Nationale
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="ED7E47C727EB96ED2B317055B475723E" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: --
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C157E064412F63CB89B3CC0826805651">
|
||||
<heading id="7F05806BFEAEB1FF23E5FA2A923AA530">Internationale Verantwortung</heading>
|
||||
: --
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3EC1F7FA392C38EEB66C8B34556597C0">
|
||||
<heading id="2AE20AA26A263AAFB7AF097FD739C5FC">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AF0730C4D2081AF72E543C06FF2C08E2" originalValue="Ökologie">Oekologie</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="24E9D1BA23A97A5CCC4EE8AE10618955">
|
||||
<heading id="04DC1E3BEC9477A07A01029BCFDEB7BE">Lebensraum Lebensraum</heading>
|
||||
nach
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A53A6EB498E96F1F966B7162B6FAC2AB" author="Delarze, R. & Gonseth, Y. & Eggenberger, S. & Vust, M." location="Bad Hersfeld, Germany" publisher="Ott Verlag" refString="Delarze, R., Gonseth, Y., Eggenberger, S., Vust, M. 2015. Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition). Ott Verlag, Bad Hersfeld, Germany, 456 pp." title="Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition)" year="2015">Delarze & al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="012B0D7B40D9CE8A325CA634F69F04B4">
|
||||
<table id="D486A1246514598B762404493B60CC5F" class="table" inLine="true">
|
||||
<tbody id="16AA732144F5BA1C9FE124063F17A0DD">
|
||||
<tr id="97C8FF4A5EA989F53240BA257577D2CB">
|
||||
<td id="8C5D0C9F8E248C9F54F509846326B063">KEINE ANGABE</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="189F63A7FB6950D381E8B2E0BFB1F23C" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DCC44C42A4C3A43E6B0FD83287898CAC">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="66F9691ADA3CEB4E4924F8CD424A1B63" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Zeigerwerte nach
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AD6C59C324EC563B1D4CE57CECDF80D9" author="Landolt, E. & Bäumler, B. & Erhardt, A. & Hegg, O. & Klötzli, F. & Lämmler, W. & Nobis, M. & Rudmann-Maurer, K. & Theurillat, J.P. & Urmi, E. & Vust, M. & Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt & al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5173712CE5F71A3BC3CC0B21329F6B12">
|
||||
<table id="ED524AAD3B7BAFE618B229385CCE0EBF" class="table" inLine="true">
|
||||
<tbody id="F1184ADCC80E97499D2DAE980CBB4A71">
|
||||
<tr id="5616171471D292EDA2B34478DC3EB530">
|
||||
<th id="25B0BAF6056E7148CA4D40190B716623" colspan="2">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ED6A273728752A6E57A8AB9895D2951D" bold="true">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="BF8EF1912E004DEE70BE56C5643D8E41" colspan="2">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4CC6C1A42F8F7B2EE435E90CD45FD515" bold="true">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="F872A318436CE4C179D13DC27995BDAC" colspan="2">
|
||||
<emphasis id="86B9895FC92BAD7221856C6DCE5934BA" bold="true">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="287EADD08C07441E8F17BECE88B1E9D1">
|
||||
<td id="36C6150DEA22C17BF1537ECF67389108">Feuchtezahl F</td>
|
||||
<td id="E43E74E646FFB1717D3BF69697C87BC7" style="text-align:left;width:100px">--</td>
|
||||
<td id="88D9E826CEB79FAC76CC355C4BC95A8C">Lichtzahl L</td>
|
||||
<td id="F0CA5A04F6B1357F3A282BD3A9BC93D2" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
|
||||
<td id="454D572637F0B54B89477B2E0E7A3E7A">Salzzeichen</td>
|
||||
<td id="BAF6FE64363925E90B8BE2237C417850" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="2E8B1FC6E69C8EF07DC88B6E289583A6">
|
||||
<td id="3E9634684F323CBE8AA5A1B15573D104">Reaktionszahl R</td>
|
||||
<td id="3D36BE37290D2193A46374BD0575DC6A" style="text-align:left">--</td>
|
||||
<td id="8ADBCABB04B00F4382722C99A5DE8FC5">Temperaturzahl T</td>
|
||||
<td id="87F2C862908FB33816677EDA7CA7AE61" style="text-align:left">--</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="50BC99F24869F4D0E5241B148404A798">
|
||||
<td id="E3BAD82A2384944DB2678B8C60061110">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="287E7DADCF11AEE155F217634649F326" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
|
||||
N
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="89CCCDB6A1441A9D6311CBDA02C90476" style="text-align:left">--</td>
|
||||
<td id="7B472246B8F0633704383285C060EB98">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="502A72BBACA48EF30DDD6276DE80A076" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
|
||||
K
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="3DC4CFFFC3A4B932D4F30AAFE92310DC" style="text-align:left">--</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="41ADC7CCF238FE5CC68ACC7EBB0F3E2A" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8EF9CADBA212B3F1786BC81EDE52444">
|
||||
<heading id="A2AA84AE9F47200824742973FE95DC1E">Nomenklatur</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5DD8ACF517D9DD7242DFD80AF8329695">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="E10C9C7ED2833CEFF6751B55E478541E">
|
||||
<heading id="AF3694AEBE76C0DAD6C1BB7D0A453E67">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A1916E0014238A4477E5D2872B09CA73" originalValue="Gültiger">Gueltiger</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Name (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1CAA893C6312EC5E8CC76825BDDD006B" author="Juillerat, P. & Bäumler, B. & Bornand, C. & Gygax, A. & Jutzi, M. & Möhl, A. & Nyffeler, R. & Sager, L. & Santiago, H. & Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9FEB97FE4F1F6593D45738EDC9408BA5" ID-CoL="4QGQ7" authority="Hornem." authorityName="Hornem." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Pulmonaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9E27F0BD8AD0566FC63FADEB9C870C2D" italics="true">Pulmonaria mollis</emphasis>
|
||||
Hornem.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C254B3142C6614A4C4B3C807D65267E3" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="55ACCF9F76F39CF57072CF2B51035FFA">Volksname</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B1E1350E18FD78A67E89BE0EDDB2CE63" type="multiple">
|
||||
<paragraph id="345D47E4F4E40447AC4E3C497CA88789">
|
||||
Deutscher Name: -- Nom
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FE76DE1A8497CC72B9417A961FA82B41" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: -- Nome italiano: --
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6ED66F5F006D6D919CB0BB299075E009" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CD85CEE0E01D41DF4E3FF8163937760C">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="995BAFC664358F2C819A8A29D7BDF97E" originalValue="Übereinstimmung">Uebereinstimmung</normalizedToken>
|
||||
mit anderen Referenzwerken
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="42C969F29585D426A709EAC297AB4E31">
|
||||
<table id="E53AF0828F574B2E5B9EAB78AB150890" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
|
||||
<tbody id="BD87B040F86FB6E8353886A93C255A57">
|
||||
<tr id="B1351804463213267F9AFC377DB793AF">
|
||||
<th id="3770E192C467D2D411424612B41A6B96" width="80px">Relation</th>
|
||||
<th id="5A10CDA2636CE9F6D7D090594A5BFCA1">Nom</th>
|
||||
<th id="520D69FEFDE300FA1D1A49256BC3259A">Referenzwerke</th>
|
||||
<th id="7827A4F01E24D4D5CF490C4F247DC774" width="90px">No</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="DFC2656C4AF6F5BC479927CEBF7F2CA3">
|
||||
<td id="F569421818B00C62CDCB4EF071321A6F" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
|
||||
<td id="B495130548B67F3420C032169A125DB6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D17E4B1A223A6455970341D06690BB01" authority="Hornem." authorityName="Hornem." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Pulmonaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">Pulmonaria mollis Hornem.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="931BADBA99FF75BAEFED32BC16670A97">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="06F09911707769B436C51644E7E64686">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="25D923F22EA000FE08C958CDD55B5256" author="Juillerat, P. & Bäumler, B. & Bornand, C. & Gygax, A. & Jutzi, M. & Möhl, A. & Nyffeler, R. & Sager, L. & Santiago, H. & Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="2DFEBB544C806A5817D17C8853C227D8">332350</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="910A7E151A52DD47EF9DD65842A0EBF1">
|
||||
<tableNote id="9B511A323711E4D249DF8EDCBED0F7B6">
|
||||
= Taxon stimmt mit akzeptiertem Taxon
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="543B9185815A23C159876B2FF9D6F558" originalValue="überein">ueberein</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1ED319663211BFE1BE049C4F6BA6B489" author="Juillerat, P. & Bäumler, B. & Bornand, C. & Gygax, A. & Jutzi, M. & Möhl, A. & Nyffeler, R. & Sager, L. & Santiago, H. & Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) <Taxon ist im akzeptierten Taxon (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3E635E16F53EFB593476878CBF42C734" author="Juillerat, P. & Bäumler, B. & Bornand, C. & Gygax, A. & Jutzi, M. & Möhl, A. & Nyffeler, R. & Sager, L. & Santiago, H. & Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) enthalten> Taxon
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E8FEB8FA37906B350D9F5C8EDA4BC991" originalValue="enthält">enthaelt</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(neben anderen) auch das akzeptierte Taxon (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C7D9222D1DCE58554D4A83ED402CE2E9" author="Juillerat, P. & Bäumler, B. & Bornand, C. & Gygax, A. & Jutzi, M. & Möhl, A. & Nyffeler, R. & Sager, L. & Santiago, H. & Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</tableNote>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="92AD21639F3FFC717F8682DEE107A46B" type="multiple">
|
||||
<paragraph id="41EE208EE986D8D3005ED1EE5B780A96">
|
||||
Kommentare aus der
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="49961D3707B4FD235E3F020706AE78D4" author="Juillerat, P. & Bäumler, B. & Bornand, C. & Gygax, A. & Jutzi, M. & Möhl, A. & Nyffeler, R. & Sager, L. & Santiago, H. & Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
Neues Taxon:
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A7C9159139A9A1391AC6F185CED5EAA5" originalValue="Gegenüber">Gegenueber</normalizedToken>
|
||||
SISF-2 neu aufgenommenes Taxon. Die Benennung und Einstufung wird dem in der
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="87F79D08B1B629943683B92E477E8E06" author="Juillerat, P. & Bäumler, B. & Bornand, C. & Gygax, A. & Jutzi, M. & Möhl, A. & Nyffeler, R. & Sager, L. & Santiago, H. & Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
verwendeten Konzept angepasst. Die Art umfasst innerhalb des Bearbeitungsgebietes nur eine Unterart:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E841AF8F89F8AC5FA73A208A93091BD4" authority="W. Sauer." authorityName="W. Sauer." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Pulmonaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="mollis" subSpecies="alpigena">
|
||||
<emphasis id="60C3F24CAAABA9EDC2B6DBE0C78AF640" italics="true">P. mollis</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="7199F05DBD745E381078C9BB27860EAD" italics="true">alpigena</emphasis>
|
||||
W. Sauer.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Checklist
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="26D4B6D25FCBC10930ECF292C60C823B" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F280B29A2D500FCCC136A0F0661BA8B1">
|
||||
<heading id="6700EC0A62B8320B87DB59BAF5CA7642">Status Indigenat</heading>
|
||||
: Indigen
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="05DDD139311E2523AC6E3EC4AEE04FDC">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C47EEC2EC0B90272F963D5BF829F9783" bold="true">
|
||||
<heading id="DD7DCE03F94B9994304B9DD2C193C036">
|
||||
Liste der
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E2A3AC7BE5C8865C6A30167363A64B5E" originalValue="gefährdeten">gefaehrdeten</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Pflanzen IUCN
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
(nach
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C8AEABB3F002209556D2DA52EFCDABD6" author="Walter, K.S. & Gillett, H.J." location="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" publisher="IUCN" refString="Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. (editors). 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" title="IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants" year="1997">Walter & Gillett 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
):
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Nein
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D37191E8406DA1D1EEEF3968C607ACF9">
|
||||
<heading id="DDF8AF83453663B7D6E74D76799CA64F">Status Rote Liste national 2016</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="77B119D7C34327AB4059DC93FCAF76C2">
|
||||
<heading id="B4DBF34ADAE3EEBC92997D8C99A5FC7B">Status IUCN</heading>
|
||||
: Potenziell
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5DA05FD519330724830C5A321A0380C8" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5CAEF11706889ADD8FCE9BE605A559AD">
|
||||
<heading id="EB34C95AA1673907003E06F29887D501">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FD8A7156DCD08A2AA83B8983E8795B42" originalValue="Zusätzliche">Zusaetzliche</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Informationen
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
Kriterien IUCN: B2b(iii)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E0F6608B87EE9D89AC428B5CB7799A70">
|
||||
<heading id="D04F8473FC6E04166DB39B829A8C73A2">Status Rote Liste regional 2019</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="826DA70090103BC097E1B18970565831">
|
||||
<table id="5AB571040D32C41FFFCA984B9DBFBD95" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
|
||||
<tbody id="F11CE992656293C2A98640122A675166">
|
||||
<tr id="1C7BBF74684E8BA0CFCFA693A1C6A10A">
|
||||
<th id="87175E2C8880F4693B3EBB4A912BFB0E">Biogeografische Regionen</th>
|
||||
<th id="1AA1CC3C9ED207C5900F270895F76A36">Status</th>
|
||||
<th id="3E2A949B2C8305B67A8E25BC32CBCCB7">Kriterien IUCN</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="F5BC8990D3575CA5CB7EB1DC0D8C3425">
|
||||
<td id="709803669A2BF8DEA71E18EBCB6CED1D" class="regional_status">Jura (JU)</td>
|
||||
<td id="7859599E1BE6E679E2A0B1017B5BC7A0">
|
||||
potenziell
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8066B9ACEDB90EF48D30CF55628C7BA8" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(Near Threatened)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="CA7B2A4A610902016AD8502F0A014F81">B2b(iii)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="32427F0144806741D8F6F8BC9F3C77CF">
|
||||
<td id="B7273B6E6F1AED052CFEBBB215830369" class="regional_status">Mittelland (MP)</td>
|
||||
<td id="C8FAEA55AF2C46351FB771B6F864875E">
|
||||
potenziell
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B10338A32EBE0FFF404DE6F88B6029D5" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(Near Threatened)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="2E8938D77DB54601BBC23779A5E81CA1">B2b(iii)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="83108F86399A41E7FEAA53E1B61712A3">
|
||||
<td id="B7B4EDE4BA0F21DAD84130F077CDBD76" class="regional_status">Alpennordflanke (NA)</td>
|
||||
<td id="DA712B8B4036D722CF3993D83924EAE9">
|
||||
potenziell
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4F4084F4E68C0CD649D8A618F84F6C3D" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(Near Threatened)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="164B004AF61B8C9404457BAC426F8B41">B2b(iii)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="15B9BE9254EBC57511187E987DE773B0">
|
||||
<td id="0AB60B57791E9FDE498543303630A172" class="regional_status">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C2CF514DAB25D6CAA3CAA0A2124D16A0" originalValue="Alpensüdflanke">Alpensuedflanke</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(SA)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="A3C0B69A68E7A5B45FA7099C5A46D677">--</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="554407BA6AE6B8475A0A091A5364E48E">
|
||||
<td id="958CC42E23A0EF62223E77B545FFD1F9" class="regional_status">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DE71946E90C0BD349C3B75FEB323B438" originalValue="Östliche">Oestliche</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Zentralalpen (EA)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="867C2CC2DCE6906C14F778B81B5E3C1B">--</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="765DA507A00E04C1AEC7BC0FBB7084F5">
|
||||
<td id="6074997F83E45558F52E4306CEC81EBB" class="regional_status">Westliche Zentralalpen (WA)</td>
|
||||
<td id="A56CFD2FB08CDBC138BC20C73AE7C808">--</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B62F626FADA73C990CC92997022D4709">
|
||||
<heading id="D097A2A952A44108E23651897FA1D2CD">
|
||||
Status nationale
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="69AA3A6FF8A242A24378EF3638A8888C" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
|
||||
/Verantwortung
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="199B8A1F7AB13DD2F6EB14D978E57762">
|
||||
<table id="754B63635F6F7D6FA7A2D11D04E57ACB" class="table" inLine="true">
|
||||
<tbody id="00A4F19D9E6C92162B36947267880284">
|
||||
<tr id="03373974E256339BF8C6C6AAC6A77C9E">
|
||||
<td id="8155588D3BC211CDF8C5319A73E47C04" style="width:50%">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8DFEE99835D39ED89B1150B92948599F" bold="true">
|
||||
Nationale
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="41B66A69CED92E1D5C0773B3D532C267" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="7896980DBD67247D0FF7FD501FB743DF">--</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="75983F9392648FDE77FA0077BE6B0E6C">
|
||||
<td id="076A2CB598BDF2E87374B28B9BF6997A">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5AF14F3BF990D049288486D75AF16ECC" bold="true">Massnahmenbedarf</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="FB4C53A32A776BD35295B1E0E52615E8">--</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="405A3BF4664AF35406A80ACC2C3C11B9">
|
||||
<td id="A0392ABDAB61DECED841B229EB637915">
|
||||
<heading id="C21A1EF072575A34FDD4481199C68070">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4C83542D8161BF380ACD14B64608E9F7" bold="true">Internationale Verantwortung</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="C67437395E48F4464DB72B1100C8E6B0">--</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="F84A14F2022B8784EF9BE1A6F0CB260D">
|
||||
<td id="4E26D6375708EE1BF0C8B2F35CF4B899">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A18ABCED1B424FC39D921430102E06E2" bold="true">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="98CC1D0E400717C494E2CD1DD672E2BB" originalValue="Überwachung">Ueberwachung</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B38E05E80A25CEDBBF277754B654A1C4" originalValue="Bestände">Bestaende</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="6D22B774AA6E1EAF6613C45665731E23">--</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="42E233278D1D089FE0B61EEC65F54142">
|
||||
<heading id="71A4F3ED471C0FE360D47CA5166F96CA">Schutzstatus</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AADCDD50572255496F933C8600EF481C">
|
||||
<table id="D70ABDEDE803690A90D5C042E114CB14" class="table" inLine="true">
|
||||
<tr id="388955AF60B2E57B55DF058A2C4C80CC">
|
||||
<td id="E6E3AC86D5BEBB9EE121E54362B67BA9">Kein internationaler, nationaler oder kantonaler Schutz</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue