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<document id="2124B404AA988CBD57453614F5D4E960" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-DOI="10.5281 / zenodo . 18159" ID-GBIF-Dataset="184d0449-4cde-44ef-a5ec-1ca3a56c750b" ID-HNS-PUB="3628" ModsDocID="3628" checkinTime="1243373074198" checkinUser="christiana" docAuthor="Santschi, F." docDate="1928" docId="64ED369B1F5EE661A06974EB819A71A1" docLanguage="fr" docName="3628" docOrigin="Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 16" docTitle="Crematogaster (Sphaerocrema) bequaerti var. semiclara Santschi, 1928, n. var." docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="3578FEA4A26746C86564D4EA804BA100" masterDocTitle="Descriptions de nouvelles fourmis éthiopiennes (quatrième note)." masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="54" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1693950416790" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:titleInfo id="195121790FB289C5EE28C5E629506610">
<mods:title id="232676E482BC797A6F0BD1A5551013C2">Descriptions de nouvelles fourmis éthiopiennes (quatrième note).</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3064FD5F822C661995492EE0E120A663">Santschi, F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="981E18ECAF88AB670B044045A8354D86">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9D79D60EF3FA6F84C710B073E742BED9">Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="79539AAA6DEA2E93E4AD178856311954">
<mods:date id="E11BB045D4BD5FF66A7F41F779B982C0">1928</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E56C52F69C7949E3746C49140A415115" type="volume">
<mods:number id="59AF9C2C6944414C5F20E7ABD0822320">16</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="731820125A3B295CD9CE1A47221AA065">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DE03FC4BD88A9A11E5C82D37DB527096" type="HNS-PUB">3628</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="807EC7FD0A7C5759E0698A69C685C050" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.18159</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="64ED369B1F5EE661A06974EB819A71A1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6287965" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100133299" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6287965" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:64ED369B1F5EE661A06974EB819A71A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/64ED369B1F5EE661A06974EB819A71A1" lastPageNumber="54" pageNumber="54">
<subSubSection id="579D26F1C424A05A40425D38F2E3085C" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="85F3F04797993041A50F8291A0EEBE94" pageNumber="54">
24. -
<taxonomicName id="3965E6528E4BD88B9F6A106E9CABE547" ID-CoL="5GNKK" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:228766" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster bequaerti semiclara Santschi" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster bequaerti semiclara Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="bequaerti" status="var. nov." subGenus="Sphaerocrema" variety="semiclara">Crematogaster (Sphaerocrema) bequaerti For. v. semiclara</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CEE2951646A5B42494DD42B7AD0E32D" pageNumber="54" rank="variety">n. var.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="376A3F6EB9A1DFF6792F9260641B987D" pageNumber="54" type="description">
<paragraph id="12BC90BA7D5A2DEC298D43E4CBC7B92F" pageNumber="54">
[[ worker ]]. - Long. 4,6 mm. environ. - - Milieu de la tete, scapes, epines, gastre moins la base, milieu des cuisses et des tibias, brun noiratre. Reste de la tete, promesonotum et base du gastre rouge sombre ou rouge brunatre. Mandibules, funicules, pedoncules, articulations des pattes et tarses d'un rouge brique clair. Ressemble a la v.
<taxonomicName id="58DD2C28596F473DDAE11F4E68E16EDA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149216" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster bequaerti gerardi Santschi" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster bequaerti gerardi Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gerardi">gerardi Sants</taxonomicName>
., par' ses appendices obscurs, mais l'epinotum et le petiole ne sont pas plus clairs chez cette derniere que le promesonotum. La sculpture est en outre plus fine chez
<taxonomicName id="B929E333EE140E2A061D224E02E118B9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149435" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster bequaerti semiclara Santschi" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster bequaerti semiclara Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semiclara">semiclara</taxonomicName>
et les epines aussi tenues que chez le type. Petiole un peu moins large devant. Pour le reste semblable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4D052B576F7E0A9EC3CA69379F762481" pageNumber="54" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="58C856A54660279A28D2DA57836C2064" pageNumber="54">Sud Rhodesie: Salisbury (G. Arnold) 15 - VI- 1919.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="99C3593036597F214E0B6FE9A9342FED" pageNumber="54" type="description">
<paragraph id="DBCD719E189A0F9511208BF8B8B59090" pageNumber="54">
Chez la var.
<taxonomicName id="C657520E70A4A1697224EC8878AB232F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149296" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster bequaerti ludia Forel" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster bequaerti ludia Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludia">ludia Forel</taxonomicName>
, l'epinotum est aussi plus clair, mais les membres ne sont pas obscurcis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6DE4DFBD3D31363A353243D68EBF93AE" pageNumber="54">
La liste des especes, races et varietes du Sous-Genre
<taxonomicName id="4130EF6631C5718922DC18770D0C89CC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147239" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphaerocrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Sphaerocrema Santschi" lsidName-HNS="Sphaerocrema Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphaerocrema</taxonomicName>
Sants., que j'ai donnee dans la troisieme partie de cette Etude des Fourmis de la region Ethiopienne (1925, Rev. Zool. Afr., XII, p. 227 - 1228) doit etre completee comme suit:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.613.8309" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c9eb6df8-884d-4ab7-a470-95e6831f536d" ID-PMC="PMC5027644" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-613-1" ID-PubMed="27667928" ID-ZBK="0FDE9BAB3DD4402DB6E1177639C32D43" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-613-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 613" ModsDocTitle="The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications" checkinTime="1472587903591" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Suraprasit, Kantapon, Jaeger, Jean-Jacques, Chaimanee, Yaowalak, Chavasseau, Olivier, Yamee, Chotima, Tian, Pannipa &amp; Panha, Somsak" docDate="2016" docId="64ED4A201431E9DC7474BB5FA964059D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 613: 1-157" docOrigin="ZooKeys 613" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.613.8309" docTitle="Stegodon orientalis Owen 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFE0FFDCF21FE33DFFCFFFB3FFF4FF93" masterDocTitle="The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications" masterLastPageNumber="157" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1668163447659" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Suraprasit, Kantapon</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jaeger, Jean-Jacques</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chaimanee, Yaowalak</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chavasseau, Olivier</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Yamee, Chotima</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tian, Pannipa</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number>613</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.613.8309</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.613.8309</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Taxon classification Animalia Proboscidea Stegodontidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName authority="Owen, 1870" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1870" class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon cf. orientalis Owen, 1870</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Referred material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A right DP4 (posterior part), DMR-KS-05-03-28-14; a left DP4 (anterior part), DMR-KS-05-03-19-7; a left M2, DMR-KS-05-03-29-1 (posterior part); a right M3, DMR-KS-05-03-22-19 (posterior part); a fragmentary tusk, DMR-KS-05-03-15-2; a left dp3 (anterior part), DMR-KS-05-04-01-8; two mandibles with m3-DMR-KS-05-03-08-1 (right) and DMR-KS-05-03-08-2 (left); a right humerus fragment (proximal part), DMR-KS-05-03-10-5; a left humerus, DMR-KS-05-03-10-6; two ulna fragments (proximal parts)-DMR-KS-05-03-09-7 and DMR-KS-05-03-10-2; a femoral head fragment, DMR-KS-05-03-10-3; a right femur, DMR-KS-05-03-10-4; a right tibia fragment (distal part), DMR-KS-05-03-10-3; a right fibula, DMR-KS-05-03-00-124; two pelvis fragments-DMR-KS-05-03-10-11 (right) and DMR-KS-05-03-10-12 (left); five vertebrae-DMR-KS-05-03-17-11, DMR-KS-05-03-10-7, DMR-KS-05-03-09-18, DMR-KS-05-03-10-1, and DMR-KS-05-03-28-20; a sacrum fragment, DMR-KS-05-03-10-8; two ribs-DMR-KS-05-03-10-13 and DMR-KS-05-03-10-14; three rib fragments-DMR-KS-05-03-09-6 (body), DMR-KS-05-03-09-45 (body), and DMR-KS-05-03-09-4 (head and neck).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Upper dentition: both fragments of DP4 (DMR-KS-05-03-28-14: Fig. 7A, B) and DMR-KS-05-03-19-7: Fig. 7C) are slightly worn and unworn respectively (for measurements, see Tab. 4). The first specimen lacks two or three anterior ridges, whereas the second specimen preserves only the anterior cingulum and the first ridge. DMR-KS-05-03-28-14 has a rectangular outline in occlusal view, a convex crown base in lateral view, and a posterior cingulum. These characters indicate that this specimen belongs to a posterior lobe of DP4. The buccal and lingual surfaces of ridges display subvertically developed grooves. A median cleft is well-developed and runs from anteriorly to posteriorly in the middle part of the tooth, starting from the halfway height of the crown. The second anterior ridge of DMR-KS-05-03-28-14 shows displacement between the pretrite and posttrite halves, a character sometimes present in deciduous molars of derived
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon" order="Proboscidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stegodon</taxonomicName>
. Each ridge bears ten to twelve mammillae.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Figure 7. Dental remains of
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon cf. orientalis</taxonomicName>
from Khok Sung:
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
DMR-KS-05-03-28-14, a right DP4 in occlusal (A) and buccal (B) views C DMR-KS-05-03-19-7, an anterior lobe of DP4 in occlusal view D DMR-KS-05-04-01-8, a left dp3 in occlusal view
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
DMR-KS-05-03-29-1, a left posterior fragment of M2 in occlusal (E) and buccal (F) views
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
DMR-KS-05-03-22-19, a right posterior fragment of M3 in occlusal (G) and buccal (H) views
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–K">I-K</normalizedToken>
DMR-KS-05-03-15-2, a fragmentary upper tusk in proximal (
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–J">I-J</normalizedToken>
) and dorsal (K) views L DMR-KS-05-03-08-1, a left mandible with m3 in occlusal view M DMR-KS-05-03-08-2, a right mandible with m3 in occlusal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Table 4. Measurements (in millimeters) of cheek teeth of Khok Sung proboscideans, including a number of preserved ridges (NR), lengths (L), widths (W), heights (H), enamel thickness (ET), H/W indices (100
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
H/W), and laminar frequencies (LF). The laminar frequencies are expressed as the following formula: LF=n*100/dl + n*100/db / 2, where
<normalizedToken originalValue="“dl”">&quot;dl&quot;</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="“db”">&quot;db&quot;</normalizedToken>
are referred to distances at the lingual and buccal side of the tooth, respectively, and
<normalizedToken originalValue="“n”">&quot;n&quot;</normalizedToken>
is equivalent to the number of ridges between two measuring points (
<bibRefCitation author="van den Bergh, GD" journalOrPublisher="Scripta Geologica" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 419" title="The late Neogene elephantoid-bearing faunas of Indonesia and their palaeozoogeographic implications: a study of the terrestrial faunal succession of Sulawesi, Flores and Java, including evidence for early hominid dispersal east of Wallace's Line." volume="117" year="1999">van den Bergh 1999</bibRefCitation>
). * indicates measurements of the maximum length of the preservation according to incomplete specimens. The H/W index is calculated for each ridge. The laminar frequency is measured based on the maximum number of preserved ridges.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<table pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<th colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">Specimen no.</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EO5BG" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">NR</abbrev>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">L</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">W</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">H</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E65BG" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ET</abbrev>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">H/W index</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EK6BG" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">LF</abbrev>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td colspan="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon cf. orientalis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td colspan="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Elephantidae" genus="Elephas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elephas" order="Proboscidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Elephas</taxonomicName>
sp.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DMR-KS-05-03-29-1 (M2) preserves three posterior ridges with a small cingulum (Fig. 7E, F and Tab. 4). Two anterior ridges bear slightly worn mammillae with stronger abrasion on the buccal side. The posterior-most ridge is unworn and reduced in width. The outline of the buccal side is concave in occlusal view and the base of the crown is nearly straight in lateral view. The median cleft is weakly developed. The number of the mammillae on each ridge ranges from eight to eleven.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DMR-KS-05-03-22-19 (M3) preserves only three posterior ridges with a cingulum (Fig. 7G, H and Tab. 4). The ridges are slightly worn with more abraded buccal surfaces. The general outline of this tooth is similar to that of M2, but is comparatively wider and displays a more developed posterior cingulum. The median cleft is poorly developed. Each ridge consists of eight to ten mammillae.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">A</pageBreakToken>
fragmentary tusk (DMR-KS-05-03-15-2) contains dentine (outer and inner layers), cementum, and a pulp cavity (Fig. 7
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–K">I-K</normalizedToken>
). It is slightly curved upward and sub-rounded in cross-section for both the proximal and the distal section. A median longitudinal groove is present on the dorsal surface. The Schreger pattern commonly developed in elephantoid tusks is visible on the inner dentine layer. The maximum length of DMR-KS-05-03-15-2 is 159.2 mm and the mediolateral and dorsoventral diameters of the proximal cross-section are 73.88 and 70.56 mm, respectively. The outline of the tusk (DMR-KS-05-03-15-2) resembles
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon trigonocephalus" order="Proboscidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trigonocephalus">Stegodon trigonocephalus</taxonomicName>
in its more medial-laterally than the dorso-ventrally compressed cross-section. The macroscopic distinctive features in cross-section are similar to
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon sompoensis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sompoensis">Stegodon sompoensis</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="van den Bergh, GD" journalOrPublisher="Scripta Geologica" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 419" title="The late Neogene elephantoid-bearing faunas of Indonesia and their palaeozoogeographic implications: a study of the terrestrial faunal succession of Sulawesi, Flores and Java, including evidence for early hominid dispersal east of Wallace's Line." volume="117" year="1999">van den Bergh 1999</bibRefCitation>
) but show the incremental lines more obviously.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">Lower</pageBreakToken>
dentition: DMR-KS-05-04-01-8 (dp3) is heavily worn and comprises three preserved ridges and an anterior cingulum (Fig. 7D and Tab. 4). The buccal part of the third ridge is broken but it is presumably wider than the second ridge. The dp3 is subrectangular in outline or tapers towards the anterior part. The lateral sides between the first and second ridges are distinctly constricted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Two hemi-mandibles of the same individual (DMR-KS-05-03-08-1 and DMR-KS-05-03-08-2) are moderately well-preserved (Tab. 4). The completely erupted m3 has eight ridges with small posterior cingulids (Fig. 7L, M). The symphysis and most of the ramus are broken away. The mandibular corpus is robust. We estimate the total number of ridges to be eleven based on the position on the corpus of the anterior root that supports two first lophs in
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon" order="Proboscidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stegodon</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Saegusa, H" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary International" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="31 - 48" title="Notes on Asian stegodontids." url="10.1016/j.quaint.2004.04.013" volume="126 - 128" year="2005">Saegusa et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
). The anteriormost preserved ridge is thus the third ridge, broken at its anterior and lateral parts in both specimens. The third to sixth ridges are strongly worn, whereas more posterior ridges are successively less damaged by abrasion. Valleys between the ridges are moderately filled with abundant cement. There is no median cleft. The m3 is much more elongated and contains five mammillae on the posteriormost ridge. The mammillae increase in size successively from the anterior to posterior ridge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Postcranial remains: postcranial elements include two humeri (Fig. 8A, B), two ulnae, two femora (Fig. 8C, D), a tibia, a fibula (Fig. 8E), two pelvis girdles (Fig. 8F, G), five vertebrae, a sacrum (Fig. 8J), and five ribs (Fig. 8K, L) (for measurements, see Appendix 1). All postcranial bones excluding some vertebrae belong to a single individual because they were found together in association with two mandibles with the m3 (DMR-KS-05-03-08-1 and DMR-KS-05-03-08-2) and
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">show</pageBreakToken>
fully fused epiphyses. This individual is a senior adult due to the heavy wear on the anterior lophs on the m3. Only two vertebrae (DMR-KS-05-03-09-18: Fig. 8H and DMR-KS-05-03-10-7: Fig. 8I) were found in association with that individual. The specimen DMR-KS-05-03-26-38 is a juvenile because the vertebral body is not fused.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Figure 8. Postcranial remains of
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon cf. orientalis</taxonomicName>
from Khok Sung:
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
DMR-KS-05-03-10-6, a left distal humerus in anterior (A) and distal (B) views
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
DMR-KS-05-03-10-4, a right femur posterior (C) and distal (D) views E DMR-KS-05-03-00-124, a right fibula in posterior view F DMR-KS-05-03-10-11, a right pelvis in dorsal view G DMR-KS-05-03-10-12, a left pelvis in lateral view H DMR-KS-05-03-09-18 and I DMR-KS-05-03-10-7, vertebrae in anterior view J DMR-KS-05-03-10-8, a sacrum in ventral view K DMR-KS-05-03-10-14 and L DMR-KS-05-03-10-13, ribs in anterior view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taxonomic remarks and comparisons.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The proboscidean cheek teeth from Khok Sung are assigned to
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon" order="Proboscidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stegodon</taxonomicName>
because there are more than five ridges or loph(id)s on molars, V-shaped valleys between ridges on molars, and step-like worn surface reliefs on the enamel layer (
<bibRefCitation author="Saegusa, H" editor="Shoshani, J" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="178 - 192" title="Stegodontidae: Evolutionary relationships." volumeTitle="The Proboscidea: Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives" year="1996">Saegusa 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Saegusa, H" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary International" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="31 - 48" title="Notes on Asian stegodontids." url="10.1016/j.quaint.2004.04.013" volume="126 - 128" year="2005">Saegusa et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
). The Khok Sung material shows well-developed cheek tooth features of derived
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon" order="Proboscidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stegodon</taxonomicName>
(e.g., a greater number
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
ridges and mammillae, high filled cements between the ridges, and a high angled cliff on the enamel surfaces (step-like structure &quot;type 3&quot;, in
<bibRefCitation author="Saegusa, H" editor="Shoshani, J" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="178 - 192" title="Stegodontidae: Evolutionary relationships." volumeTitle="The Proboscidea: Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives" year="1996">Saegusa (1996)</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
The morphologies and ridge sizes of upper molars from Khok Sung are congruent with Chinese
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon orientalis</taxonomicName>
(Tabs 5-7). However, we suggest that some comparative upper
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">third</pageBreakToken>
molars of
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon orientalis</taxonomicName>
(e.g., IVPP V5216-9) represent a total ridge number of ten (excluding anterior and posterior halfridges), different from the ridge formula (
<normalizedToken originalValue="×11×">x11x</normalizedToken>
for this species) given by
<bibRefCitation author="van den Bergh, GD" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary International" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="16 - 48" title="The youngest Stegodon remains in Southeast Asia from the Late Pleistocene archaeological site Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia." url="10.1016/j.quaint.2007.02.001" volume="182" year="2008">van den Bergh et al. (2008</bibRefCitation>
: table. 3). The ridge formula of the M3 of
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon orientalis</taxonomicName>
therefore ranges from ten to eleven. The m3 of
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon orientalis</taxonomicName>
commonly has a total number of twelve ridges (excluding anterior and posterior halfridges). According to the fact that only a few comparative specimens of the m3 of
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon orientalis</taxonomicName>
are complete with the total ridge number of twelve, some of them (e.g., IVPP V1777 and IVPP V5216-16, based on our observations) display a total of 11 ridges (excluding anterior and posterior halfridges). In
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon orientalis</taxonomicName>
, the number of ridges on the m3 thus ranges from eleven to twelve.
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon insignis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignis">Stegodon insignis</taxonomicName>
has a total number of ridges ranging from eleven to thirteen (
<bibRefCitation author="van den Bergh, GD" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary International" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="16 - 48" title="The youngest Stegodon remains in Southeast Asia from the Late Pleistocene archaeological site Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia." url="10.1016/j.quaint.2007.02.001" volume="182" year="2008">van den Bergh et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
). The ridge formula of
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon trigonocephalus" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="subspecies" species="trigonocephalus" subspecies="trigonocephalus">Stegodon trigonocephalus trigonocephalus</taxonomicName>
is almost thirteen (excluding anterior and posterior halfridges) (
<bibRefCitation author="van den Bergh, GD" journalOrPublisher="Scripta Geologica" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 419" title="The late Neogene elephantoid-bearing faunas of Indonesia and their palaeozoogeographic implications: a study of the terrestrial faunal succession of Sulawesi, Flores and Java, including evidence for early hominid dispersal east of Wallace's Line." volume="117" year="1999">van den Bergh 1999</bibRefCitation>
). Another subspecies,
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon trigonocephalus" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="subspecies" species="trigonocephalus" subspecies="praecursor">Stegodon trigonocephalus praecursor</taxonomicName>
, has a lower number of ridges (
<normalizedToken originalValue="×11×">x11x</normalizedToken>
,
<bibRefCitation author="van den Bergh, GD" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary International" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="16 - 48" title="The youngest Stegodon remains in Southeast Asia from the Late Pleistocene archaeological site Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia." url="10.1016/j.quaint.2007.02.001" volume="182" year="2008">van den Bergh et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
: table. 3). The m3 of the Khok Sung stegodontid share a similar ridge formula (
<normalizedToken originalValue="×11×">x11x</normalizedToken>
) with
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon orientalis</taxonomicName>
from South China and
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon insignis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignis">Stegodon insignis</taxonomicName>
from Punjab (Siwaliks). But it differs from
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon insignis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignis">Stegodon insignis</taxonomicName>
in having more delicately folded enamel, more pronounced curvature of the crown, and V-shaped valleys (between the two ridges) slightly less filled by cements. The ridge sizes of Khok Sung lower third molar are almost comparable to those of
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon orientalis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon insignis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignis">Stegodon insignis</taxonomicName>
, but are distinctly larger than other derived
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stegodon</taxonomicName>
species from Indonesia (Tab. 8). We thus identify hereby all cheek teeth as belonging to
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon cf. orientalis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="64D5A6E973135F3C338E9F2E557AF053" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/64D5A6E973135F3C338E9F2E557AF053" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Table 5. Ridge dimensions (lengths and widths in millimeters) of upper fourth deciduous premolars between Khok Sung
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stegodon</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon orientalis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<table pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="2">DP4</th>
<th colspan="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">Ridge (from anterior to posterior)</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
1
<sup pageId="15" pageNumber="16">st</sup>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
2
<sup pageId="15" pageNumber="16">nd</sup>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
3
<sup pageId="15" pageNumber="16">rd</sup>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
4
<sup pageId="15" pageNumber="16">th</sup>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
5
<sup pageId="15" pageNumber="16">th</sup>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
6
<sup pageId="15" pageNumber="16">th</sup>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon cf. orientalis</taxonomicName>
(Khok Sung)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon orientalis</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="×6×">x6x</normalizedToken>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">IVPP IVPP IVPP IVPP</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="14D3619A1D331C222E53086544FBBE44" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/14D3619A1D331C222E53086544FBBE44" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Table 6. Ridge dimensions (lengths and widths in millimeters) of lower third deciduous premolars between Khok Sung
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stegodon</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon orientalis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<table pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="2">dp3</td>
<td colspan="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">Ridge (from anterior to posterior)</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">1st</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">2nd</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">3rd</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">4th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">5th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">6th</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon cf. orientalis</taxonomicName>
(Khok Sung)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon orientalis</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="×5×">x5x</normalizedToken>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">IVPP IVPP IVPP IVPP IVPP IVPP IVPP</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon orientalis</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="×6×">x6x</normalizedToken>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">IVPP IVPP IVPP IVPP</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="42AE2DF805AA104E4B0DD5AAA292DD9C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/42AE2DF805AA104E4B0DD5AAA292DD9C" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Table 7. Ridge dimensions (lengths and widths in millimeters) of upper second and third molars between Khok Sung
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stegodon</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon orientalis</taxonomicName>
. The total ridge number of upper molars of Khok Sung stegodontids used for our comparisons follows that of
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon orientalis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<table pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="2">M2 and M3</th>
<th colspan="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">Ridge (from anterior to posterior)</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
1
<sup pageId="15" pageNumber="16">st</sup>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
2
<sup pageId="15" pageNumber="16">nd</sup>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
3
<sup pageId="15" pageNumber="16">rd</sup>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
4
<sup pageId="15" pageNumber="16">th</sup>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
5
<sup pageId="15" pageNumber="16">th</sup>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
6
<sup pageId="15" pageNumber="16">th</sup>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
7
<sup pageId="15" pageNumber="16">th</sup>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
8
<sup pageId="15" pageNumber="16">th</sup>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
9
<sup pageId="15" pageNumber="16">th</sup>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
10
<sup pageId="15" pageNumber="16">th</sup>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">Posterior halfridge</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon cf. orientalis</taxonomicName>
(Khok Sung)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon orientalis</taxonomicName>
(M2) (
<normalizedToken originalValue="×8×">x8x</normalizedToken>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">IVPP IVPP</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon orientalis</taxonomicName>
(M3) (
<normalizedToken originalValue="×10×">x10x</normalizedToken>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">IVPP IVPP IVPP IVPP</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Table 8. Ridge dimensions (lengths and widths in millimeters) of lower third molars of derived
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stegodon</taxonomicName>
in Southeast Asia. The ridge formula of each taxon follows
<bibRefCitation author="van den Bergh, GD" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary International" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="16 - 48" title="The youngest Stegodon remains in Southeast Asia from the Late Pleistocene archaeological site Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia." url="10.1016/j.quaint.2007.02.001" volume="182" year="2008">van den Bergh et al. (2008</bibRefCitation>
: table. 3). The ridge number of
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon insignis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignis">Stegodon insignis</taxonomicName>
is considered as representing a total of twelve.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<table pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="2">Lower third molar</td>
<td colspan="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">Ridge (from anterior to posterior)</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">1st</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">2nd</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">3rd</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">4th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">5th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">6th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">7th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">8th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">9th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">10th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">11th</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon cf. orientalis</taxonomicName>
(Khok Sung) ((
<normalizedToken originalValue="×?2)9×">x?2)9x</normalizedToken>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon cf. orientalis</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="×11×">x11x</normalizedToken>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">IVPP</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">1st</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">2nd</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">3rd</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">4th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">5th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">6th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">7th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">8th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">9th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">10th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">11th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">12th</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon insignis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignis">Stegodon insignis</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="×12×">x12x</normalizedToken>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">RMNH RMNH RMNH RMNH</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon orientalis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Stegodon orientalis</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="×12×">x12x</normalizedToken>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">IVPP IVPP IVPP IVPP IVPP IVPP IVPP IVPP IVPP</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">1st</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">2nd</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">3rd</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">4th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">5th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">6th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">7th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">8th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">9th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">10th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">11th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">12th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">13th</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon trigonocephalus" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="subspecies" species="trigonocephalus" subspecies="trigonocephalus">Stegodon trigonocephalus trigonocephalus</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="×13×">x13x</normalizedToken>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">RMNH RMNH RMNH</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">1st</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">2nd</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">3rd</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">4th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">5th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">6th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">7th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">8th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">9th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">10th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">11th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">12th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">13th</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Stegodontidae" genus="Stegodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodon florensis" order="Proboscidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="florensis">Stegodon florensis</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="×13×">x13x</normalizedToken>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">RGM</td>
</tr>
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</paragraph>
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<bibCitation author="Linnaeus" pagination="584" title="Phlomis fruticosa" volumeTitle="Species Plantarum 2" year="1753">
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<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
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Linnaeus
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,
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<paragraph pageNumber="738">&quot;Habitat in Sicilia, Hispania.&quot; RCN: 4267.</paragraph>
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127: 75. 1993): Herb. Clifford: 315,
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<typeStatus>Generitype</typeStatus>
of
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<paragraph id="2E26A60032992C99890FEB0DE826876E" pageId="0" pageNumber="6604">Native status</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C1F2E7C1833D6F78AF30D3E875E9C511" pageId="0" pageNumber="6604">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C4C474442CCBC8C1EF3DDED8541231BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="6604">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D8425D38E5CC04986A15C7D781A8D624" pageId="0" pageNumber="6604">Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record</paragraph>
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Basionym:
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(Wanntorp in
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98: 50, f. 34. 1988): [icon] &quot;
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radice glandulosa, foliis angustis, sinuatis, floribus urceolatis, miniatis
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Current name:
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(L.) K. Schum.
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-02-02</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1013</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>665</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1013.55600</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1013.55600</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1013-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">CFDCEFBB523040339D46E302F66E9886</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">E4329863A39E5EEBA395938413BDD579</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177205876" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0D813931-7C78-4E1D-B03C-0B14E77A159D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/64EDEE823D5E5FEB2FB955CA3D193A96" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/0D813931-7C78-4E1D-B03C-0B14E77A159D" authority="Sharkey" authorityName="Sharkey" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Chelonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelonus manuelpereirai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manuelpereirai" status="sp. nov.">Chelonus manuelpereirai Sharkey</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 124" captionStartId="F124" captionText="Figure 124. Chelonus manuelpereirai, holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1013.55600.figure124" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/503579" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 124</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnostics">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnostics.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">BOLD:ACP7116. Consensus barcode. AACATTATATTTTTTATATGGAATATGATCTGGATTTTTTGGTCTATCACTAAGTATATTAATTCGAATAGAATTAAGATCTTTAGGAAGATTTTTATTAAATGATCAATTATATAATAGAATTGTTACAATACATGCATTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAGTAGGTGGTTTTGGAAATTGAATAGTTCCTATAATATTAGGTTTACCAGATATAATTTTTCCACGAATAAATAATTTAAGATTTTGATTATTAATTCCATCATTAATTTTATTAATTTTAAGTAGTTTAGTTAATTCAGGAGTTGGTACAGGTTGAACCGTTTATCCACCTTTATCATTATTAATAGGTCATAGAGGAATTTCAGTTGATTTATCAATTTTTTCTTTACATTTAGCTGGAGCATCTTCAATTTTAGGATCAATTAATTTTATTGTAACTACATTAAATACTTGAATAAAAAAAAATATTATAGATACTTATCCATTATTTATTTGATCAATTTTTATTACTACAATTTTATTATTATTATCTTTACCTGTTTTAGCTGGTGCAATTACAATATTATTAAGAGATCGAAATTTAAATACAAGATTTTTTGACCCAGCAGGTGGGGGAGATCCTGTACTTTATCAACATTTATTT.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="holotype ♂">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype ♂.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Alajuela, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Juntas,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10.907" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="10.907">10.907</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="85.288" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-85.288">-85.288</geoCoordinate>
, 400 meters, caterpillar collection date: 30/iv/2014, wasp eclosion date: 12/v/2014. Depository: CNC.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host data</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
gelJanzen01 Janzen501 (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gelechiidae</taxonomicName>
) feeding on
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Gouania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gouania polygama" order="Rhamnales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="polygama">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gouania polygama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rhamnaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rhamnales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Rhamnaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caterpillar and holotype voucher codes</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
14-SRNP-42146, DHJPAR0055499.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharkey" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Chelonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelonus manuelpereirai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manuelpereirai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chelonus manuelpereirai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is named to honor Sr. Manuel Pereira of GDFCF and ACG for his many years as a dedicated inventory parataxonomist for ACG.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1013.55600.figure124" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/503579" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 124" startId="F124">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 124.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharkey" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Chelonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelonus manuelpereirai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manuelpereirai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chelonus manuelpereirai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>