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<mods:title id="D7E6556E57C9F4ED3E8374C9956DC88B">Butterfly surveys in Albania during 2014 including the discovery of two new species for the country</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F81DCDF1A97DE36AB8B596148D3920AF">Micevski, Nikola</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FE5435781245451D87E2D72B0535D8B6">Macedonian Entomological Society (ENTOMAK), Blvd. ASNOM 58, 2 - 4, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F809A863A61DBE2056CC3B53E2E94D88">Franeta, Filip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F5FBA9A8AE2963BD18D3912A3CBBF01">Gascoigne-Pees, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="135C31ECDD301097113F23EDC6EA4885">Macedonian Entomological Society (ENTOMAK), Blvd. ASNOM 58, 2 - 4, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia &amp; Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="6BE1408204B5F6D21133C310F4011138">Butterfly Conservation Europe (BCE), P. O. Box 506, NL- 6700 AM Wageningen, The Netherlands &amp; University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI- 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Corresponding author: E-mail: nikom. entomak @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<materialsCitation id="5CE23CAAFF823332C4A7F93C6172BC9E" collectingDate="2014-06-20" collectingDateMax="2014-07-07" collectingDateMin="2014-06-20" country="Albania" county="On" location="Two" municipality="Ova" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-larva="1">
<location id="E955602CFF823332C4A7F93C63D2BDC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:642387E1FF823332C4A7F95A616CBC9E:E955602CFF823332C4A7F93C63D2BDC9" box="[151,205,1748,1774]" country="Albania" county="On" municipality="Ova" name="Two" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Two</location>
females, one from the site at
<location id="E955602CFF823332C607F93B618BBDC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:642387E1FF823332C4A7F95A616CBC9E:E955602CFF823332C607F93B618BBDC9" box="[567,660,1747,1774]" country="Albania" county="On" municipality="Ova" name="Kelcyre" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Kelcyrë</location>
the other from
<location id="E955602CFF823332C763F93B60DDBDC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:642387E1FF823332C4A7F95A616CBC9E:E955602CFF823332C763F93B60DDBDC9" box="[851,962,1747,1774]" country="Albania" county="On" municipality="Ova" name="Tepelene" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tepelenë</location>
, were placed in a netted pot containing
<taxonomicName id="2B8A4D74FF823332C4A7F91E62DDBC37" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[151,450,1781,1808]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acetosa">
<emphasis id="DEFEEAE5FF823332C4A7F91E6255BC28" box="[151,330,1782,1807]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rumex acetosa</emphasis>
Linnaeus
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, brought specifically to
<collectingCountry id="949D7667FF823332C6D6F91D605CBC37" box="[742,835,1781,1808]" name="Albania" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Albania</collectingCountry>
by MGP for the purpose of a rearing experiment.
<collectingMunicipality id="0C51AC8DFF823332C4A7F8FE63D7BC16" box="[151,200,1814,1841]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ova</collectingMunicipality>
were laid on the leaves (a majority on the undersides) and the stems of the plant (
<figureCitation id="74B12A72FF823332C091F8FE67F6BC16" box="[1185,1257,1814,1841]" captionStart="Figures 2-10" captionStartId="7.[151,237,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,200,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-9@7.[151,1436,189,1813]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 2-10. L. ottomana from Bënçë, 5 km. S of Tepelenë, Gjirokastër county, Albania. Fig. 2: Ova, 26.V.2014. Fig. 3: L1 larvae on Rumex acetosa, 26.V.2014. Fig. 4-5: Final instar larva, 18-20.VI.2014. Fig. 6: Pupa, 20.VI.2014. Fig. 7: Adult ♂, ex ova, 30.VI.2014. Fig. 8: Adult ♂, ex ova, 05.VII.2014. Figs. 9-10: Adult ♀♀, ex ova, 07.VII.2014. (Photographs: Martin Gascoigne-Pees)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8032074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8032074/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
<collectingCounty id="05544E7BFF823332C132F8FE6639BC16" box="[1282,1318,1814,1841]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">On</collectingCounty>
hatching, L
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immediately started to feed on the underside leaves of their host plant (
<figureCitation id="74B12A72FF823332C041F8D167A2BC73" box="[1137,1213,1849,1876]" captionStart="Figures 2-10" captionStartId="7.[151,237,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,200,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-9@7.[151,1436,189,1813]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 2-10. L. ottomana from Bënçë, 5 km. S of Tepelenë, Gjirokastër county, Albania. Fig. 2: Ova, 26.V.2014. Fig. 3: L1 larvae on Rumex acetosa, 26.V.2014. Fig. 4-5: Final instar larva, 18-20.VI.2014. Fig. 6: Pupa, 20.VI.2014. Fig. 7: Adult ♂, ex ova, 30.VI.2014. Fig. 8: Adult ♂, ex ova, 05.VII.2014. Figs. 9-10: Adult ♀♀, ex ova, 07.VII.2014. (Photographs: Martin Gascoigne-Pees)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8032074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8032074/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Once transferred back to the UK the larvae developed rapidly (
<figureCitation id="74B12A72FF823332C68BF8B36035BC51" box="[699,810,1883,1910]" captionStart="Figures 2-10" captionStartId="7.[151,237,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,200,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-9@7.[151,1436,189,1813]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 2-10. L. ottomana from Bënçë, 5 km. S of Tepelenë, Gjirokastër county, Albania. Fig. 2: Ova, 26.V.2014. Fig. 3: L1 larvae on Rumex acetosa, 26.V.2014. Fig. 4-5: Final instar larva, 18-20.VI.2014. Fig. 6: Pupa, 20.VI.2014. Fig. 7: Adult ♂, ex ova, 30.VI.2014. Fig. 8: Adult ♂, ex ova, 05.VII.2014. Figs. 9-10: Adult ♀♀, ex ova, 07.VII.2014. (Photographs: Martin Gascoigne-Pees)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8032074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8032074/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 5-6</figureCitation>
), brought on by the warmth of MGP's conservatory, and pupation took place on
<date id="98341037FF823332C5D1F8956178BCBF" box="[481,615,1917,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2014-06-20">
<collectingDate id="8870E9DFFF823332C5D1F8956178BCBF" box="[481,615,1917,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2014-06-20">20.VI.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<figureCitation id="74B12A72FF823332C648F89561DEBCB0" box="[632,705,1917,1944]" captionStart="Figures 2-10" captionStartId="7.[151,237,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,200,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-9@7.[151,1436,189,1813]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 2-10. L. ottomana from Bënçë, 5 km. S of Tepelenë, Gjirokastër county, Albania. Fig. 2: Ova, 26.V.2014. Fig. 3: L1 larvae on Rumex acetosa, 26.V.2014. Fig. 4-5: Final instar larva, 18-20.VI.2014. Fig. 6: Pupa, 20.VI.2014. Fig. 7: Adult ♂, ex ova, 30.VI.2014. Fig. 8: Adult ♂, ex ova, 05.VII.2014. Figs. 9-10: Adult ♀♀, ex ova, 07.VII.2014. (Photographs: Martin Gascoigne-Pees)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8032074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8032074/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). The first adult, a male, emerged on
<date id="98341037FF823332C0B1F8956619BCBF" box="[1153,1286,1917,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2014-06-30">
<collectingDate id="8870E9DFFF823332C0B1F8956619BCBF" box="[1153,1286,1917,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2014-06-30">30.VI.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<figureCitation id="74B12A72FF823332C128F895667FBCBF" box="[1304,1376,1917,1944]" captionStart="Figures 2-10" captionStartId="7.[151,237,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,200,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-9@7.[151,1436,189,1813]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 2-10. L. ottomana from Bënçë, 5 km. S of Tepelenë, Gjirokastër county, Albania. Fig. 2: Ova, 26.V.2014. Fig. 3: L1 larvae on Rumex acetosa, 26.V.2014. Fig. 4-5: Final instar larva, 18-20.VI.2014. Fig. 6: Pupa, 20.VI.2014. Fig. 7: Adult ♂, ex ova, 30.VI.2014. Fig. 8: Adult ♂, ex ova, 05.VII.2014. Figs. 9-10: Adult ♀♀, ex ova, 07.VII.2014. (Photographs: Martin Gascoigne-Pees)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8032074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8032074/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
), the first female on
<date id="98341037FF823332C579F87662D6BC9E" box="[329,457,1950,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2014-07-07">
<collectingDate id="8870E9DFFF823332C579F87662D6BC9E" box="[329,457,1950,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2014-07-07">7.VII.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<figureCitation id="74B12A72FF823332C5EAF876617CBC9E" box="[474,611,1950,1977]" captionStart-0="Figures 2-10" captionStart-1="Figures 11-20" captionStartId-0="7.[151,237,1832,1856]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,237,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1428,200,1801]" captionTargetBox-1="[170,1417,194,1889]" captionTargetId-0="figure-9@7.[151,1436,189,1813]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@8.[165,1422,189,1889]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="Figures 2-10. L. ottomana from Bënçë, 5 km. S of Tepelenë, Gjirokastër county, Albania. Fig. 2: Ova, 26.V.2014. Fig. 3: L1 larvae on Rumex acetosa, 26.V.2014. Fig. 4-5: Final instar larva, 18-20.VI.2014. Fig. 6: Pupa, 20.VI.2014. Fig. 7: Adult ♂, ex ova, 30.VI.2014. Fig. 8: Adult ♂, ex ova, 05.VII.2014. Figs. 9-10: Adult ♀♀, ex ova, 07.VII.2014. (Photographs: Martin Gascoigne-Pees)." captionText-1="Figures 11-20. A. metis from Lake Shkodër, Albania. Fig. 11: Ova, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 12: L₁ larva, 22.VII.2014. Fig. 13: L₁ larva, 23.VII.2014. Fig. 14: L₂ larva, 26.VII.2014. Fig. 15: Final instar larva, 07.VIII.2014. Fig. 16: Pupa, 16.VIII.2014. Fig.17: Breeding habitat, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 18: Pupa pre-hatching, 22.VIII.2014. Fig. 19-20: Adult ♀♀, ex ova, 23.VIII.2014. (Photographs: Filip Franeta)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8032074" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8032078" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8032074/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8032078/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 10-11</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="9E41F01D5654BF96FCCFEC9511167594">Butterfly surveys in Albania during 2014 including the discovery of two new species for the country</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EBCADE418AFA78D8B836447E67EB1F95">Micevski, Nikola</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9D02109C915B51A9F724C365C00E4675">Macedonian Entomological Society (ENTOMAK), Blvd. ASNOM 58, 2 - 4, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="15F9D3E23F15720757A4E498C2865F12" type="email">nikom.entomak@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8D6ACB5BC1EFF882D7F15FAE6B82A371">Franeta, Filip</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3D3E99E20CD25951F258939AB7134D58">Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog, 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="95DBFDF9D952135069F64E27755F8E83">Gascoigne-Pees, Martin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="806EB821772546A7E5727D068216D1A9">2 Barretts Close, Stonesfield, Oxfordshire OX 29 8 PW, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="432CC899E660406E68FCB4A502A5005B">Micevski, Branko</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6FD9B2AFC0CBD62238868D1EA853116A">Macedonian Entomological Society (ENTOMAK), Blvd. ASNOM 58, 2 - 4, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia &amp; Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="62BE57E0E9C22A194127FBCFA53A9720" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="70162C499832F31B79EDF5D735410815">Verovnik, Rudi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="352D77B277063BDABF3CBE6FD06B82B6">Butterfly Conservation Europe (BCE), P. O. Box 506, NL- 6700 AM Wageningen, The Netherlands &amp; University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI- 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Corresponding author: E-mail: nikom. entomak @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="7331099C76EA89C2552FE2285E5E6DFC">Ecologica Montenegrina</mods:title>
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<treatment id="642387E1FF8D333DC4A7FF2C6288B882" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8032076" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8032076" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:642387E1FF8D333DC4A7FF2C6288B882" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/642387E1FF8D333DC4A7FF2C6288B882" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection id="A490657CFF8D333DC4A7FF2C625DBBF9" box="[151,322,196,222]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="EC3536F7FF8D333DC4A7FF2C625DBBF9" blockId="9.[151,1437,196,933]" box="[151,322,196,222]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="2B8A4D74FF8D333DC4A7FF2C625DBBF9" ID-CoL="99VZR" ID-ENA="642990" authorityName="Freyer" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,322,196,222]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
<emphasis id="DEFEEAE5FF8D333DC4A7FF2C625DBBF9" bold="true" box="[151,322,196,222]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Apatura metis</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="A490657CFF8D333DC4A7FF0D6288B882" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="EC3536F7FF8D333DC4A7FF0D6288B882" blockId="9.[151,1437,196,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
On
<date id="98341037FF8D333DC4F6FF0D6248BA27" box="[198,343,229,256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2014-07-16">16.VII.2014</date>
, while exploring the shoreline along the Albanian side of Lake Skadar (Lake Shkodër), a female of
<taxonomicName id="2B8A4D74FF8D333DC53FFEE06272BA06" authorityName="Freyer" authorityYear="1829" box="[271,365,264,290]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
<emphasis id="DEFEEAE5FF8D333DC53FFEE06272BA06" box="[271,365,264,290]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. metis</emphasis>
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was observed flying around a small
<taxonomicName id="2B8A4D74FF8D333DC72EFEEF608BBA05" box="[798,916,263,290]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="DEFEEAE5FF8D333DC72EFEEF608BBA05" box="[798,916,263,290]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Salix alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tree growing in partial shade surrounded by larger trees (
<figureCitation id="74B12A72FF8D333DC51CFEC0629BBA64" box="[300,388,296,323]" captionStart="Figures 11-20" captionStartId="8.[151,237,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[165,1422,189,1889]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 11-20. A. metis from Lake Shkodër, Albania. Fig. 11: Ova, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 12: L₁ larva, 22.VII.2014. Fig. 13: L₁ larva, 23.VII.2014. Fig. 14: L₂ larva, 26.VII.2014. Fig. 15: Final instar larva, 07.VIII.2014. Fig. 16: Pupa, 16.VIII.2014. Fig.17: Breeding habitat, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 18: Pupa pre-hatching, 22.VIII.2014. Fig. 19-20: Adult ♀♀, ex ova, 23.VIII.2014. (Photographs: Filip Franeta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8032078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8032078/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). On inspection,
<specimenCount id="FA8CFD7EFF8D333DC67FFEC161A7BA64" box="[591,696,297,323]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="egg">two eggs</specimenCount>
were discovered on the underside of a leaf of a newly formed shoot (
<figureCitation id="74B12A72FF8D333DC4D8FEA2625FBA42" box="[232,320,330,357]" captionStart="Figures 11-20" captionStartId="8.[151,237,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[165,1422,189,1889]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 11-20. A. metis from Lake Shkodër, Albania. Fig. 11: Ova, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 12: L₁ larva, 22.VII.2014. Fig. 13: L₁ larva, 23.VII.2014. Fig. 14: L₂ larva, 26.VII.2014. Fig. 15: Final instar larva, 07.VIII.2014. Fig. 16: Pupa, 16.VIII.2014. Fig.17: Breeding habitat, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 18: Pupa pre-hatching, 22.VIII.2014. Fig. 19-20: Adult ♀♀, ex ova, 23.VIII.2014. (Photographs: Filip Franeta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8032078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8032078/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). The ova were sampled for a rearing programme. A detailed description of the lifecycle of
<taxonomicName id="2B8A4D74FF8D333DC1B3FEA363CABAA1" authorityName="Freyer" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
<emphasis id="DEFEEAE5FF8D333DC1B3FEA363CABAA1" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. metis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has previously been published (
<bibRefCitation id="881B4B06FF8D333DC649FE84607CBAA0" author="Weidemann, H. J." box="[633,867,364,391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="259 - 262" refId="ref8988" refString="Weidemann, H. J. (1982 a) Bemerkungen zu Lebensraum und Lebensweise des &quot; Donauschillerfalters &quot; Apatura metis und seiner Praimaginalstadien (Lep.: Nymphalidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 92 (18), 259 - 262." type="journal article" year="1982">Weidemann 1982a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="881B4B06FF8D333DC747FE8460DCBAA0" author="Weidemann, H. J." box="[887,963,364,391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="265 - 274" refId="ref9031" refString="Weidemann, H. J. (1982 b) Bemerkungen zu Lebensraum und Lebensweise des &quot; Donauschillerfalters &quot; Apatura metis und seiner Praimaginalstadien (Lep.: Nymphalidae), 2. Entomologische Zeitschrift, 92 (19), 265 - 274." type="journal article" year="1982">1982b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="881B4B06FF8D333DC7E8FE84673CBAA0" author="Weidemann, H. J." box="[984,1059,364,391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="281 - 288" refId="ref9076" refString="Weidemann, H. J. (1982 c) Bemerkungen zu Lebensraum und Lebensweise des &quot; Donauschillerfalters &quot; Apatura metis und seiner Praimaginalstadien (Lep.: Nymphalidae), 3. Entomologische Zeitschrift, 92 (20), 281 - 288." type="journal article" year="1982">1982c</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="881B4B06FF8D333DC007FE84679BBAA0" author="Weidemann, H. J." box="[1079,1156,364,391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="297 - 309" refId="ref9121" refString="Weidemann, H. J. (1982 d) Bemerkungen zu Lebensraum und Lebensweise des &quot; Donauschillerfalters &quot; Apatura metis und seiner Praimaginalstadien (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), 4. Entomologische Zeitschrift, 92 (21), 297 - 309." type="journal article" year="1982">1982d</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="881B4B06FF8D333DC0A8FE84664DBAA0" author="Lorkovic, Z." box="[1176,1362,364,391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="12 - 23" refId="ref8167" refString="Lorkovic, Z. (1983) Zusatzliches zu den praimaginalen Stadien von Apatura metis (Freyer, 1829) (Lep. Nymphalidae). Atalanta, 14 (1), 12 - 23." type="journal article" year="1983">Lorković 1983</bibRefCitation>
), but, nevertheless, we include some brief notes on the rearing programme of this interesting population. The rearing regime was completed in plastic containers,
<specimenCount id="FA8CFD7EFF8D333DC707FE5860BCBAED" box="[823,931,431,458]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="larva">one larva</specimenCount>
per receptacle. The freshly laid eggs were pale green in colour, quickly changing dark green within 24 hours. Prior to hatching, the eggs became darker. The first caterpillar hatched on
<date id="98341037FF8D333DC63AFE1B6185B929" box="[522,666,499,526]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2014-07-22">22.VII.2014</date>
(
<figureCitation id="74B12A72FF8D333DC69AFE1B601EB929" box="[682,769,499,526]" captionStart="Figures 11-20" captionStartId="8.[151,237,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[165,1422,189,1889]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 11-20. A. metis from Lake Shkodër, Albania. Fig. 11: Ova, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 12: L₁ larva, 22.VII.2014. Fig. 13: L₁ larva, 23.VII.2014. Fig. 14: L₂ larva, 26.VII.2014. Fig. 15: Final instar larva, 07.VIII.2014. Fig. 16: Pupa, 16.VIII.2014. Fig.17: Breeding habitat, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 18: Pupa pre-hatching, 22.VIII.2014. Fig. 19-20: Adult ♀♀, ex ova, 23.VIII.2014. (Photographs: Filip Franeta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8032078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8032078/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
), the second larva a day later. Fresh shoots of
<taxonomicName id="2B8A4D74FF8D333DC116FE1B6683B929" box="[1318,1436,499,526]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="DEFEEAE5FF8D333DC116FE1B6683B929" box="[1318,1436,499,526]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Salix alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were introduced every one to two days, and the young larvae developed rapidly on new leaves. The larvae fed predominantly on the leaf margins (
<figureCitation id="74B12A72FF8D333DC6A1FDDF61F0B975" box="[657,751,567,594]" captionStart="Figures 11-20" captionStartId="8.[151,237,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[165,1422,189,1889]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 11-20. A. metis from Lake Shkodër, Albania. Fig. 11: Ova, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 12: L₁ larva, 22.VII.2014. Fig. 13: L₁ larva, 23.VII.2014. Fig. 14: L₂ larva, 26.VII.2014. Fig. 15: Final instar larva, 07.VIII.2014. Fig. 16: Pupa, 16.VIII.2014. Fig.17: Breeding habitat, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 18: Pupa pre-hatching, 22.VIII.2014. Fig. 19-20: Adult ♀♀, ex ova, 23.VIII.2014. (Photographs: Filip Franeta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8032078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8032078/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
), retreating to the leaf tips when at rest. The first L₁ caterpillar moulted on
<date id="98341037FF8D333DC597FDB16129B953" box="[423,566,601,628]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2014-07-26">26.VII.2014</date>
(
<figureCitation id="74B12A72FF8D333DC678FDB161BEB953" box="[584,673,601,628]" captionStart="Figures 11-20" captionStartId="8.[151,237,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[165,1422,189,1889]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 11-20. A. metis from Lake Shkodër, Albania. Fig. 11: Ova, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 12: L₁ larva, 22.VII.2014. Fig. 13: L₁ larva, 23.VII.2014. Fig. 14: L₂ larva, 26.VII.2014. Fig. 15: Final instar larva, 07.VIII.2014. Fig. 16: Pupa, 16.VIII.2014. Fig.17: Breeding habitat, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 18: Pupa pre-hatching, 22.VIII.2014. Fig. 19-20: Adult ♀♀, ex ova, 23.VIII.2014. (Photographs: Filip Franeta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8032078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8032078/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
), the second larva the day after. The skin change to L₃ was not witnessed by FF, but on
<date id="98341037FF8D333DC58CFD946159B9B0" box="[444,582,636,663]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2014-08-02">2.VIII.2014</date>
one caterpillar had changed to L₄ and by
<date id="98341037FF8D333DC00AFD9467DAB9B0" box="[1082,1221,636,663]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2014-08-07">7.VIII.2014</date>
was already in its final instar (
<figureCitation id="74B12A72FF8D333DC518FD76629FB99E" box="[296,384,670,697]" captionStart="Figures 11-20" captionStartId="8.[151,237,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[165,1422,189,1889]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 11-20. A. metis from Lake Shkodër, Albania. Fig. 11: Ova, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 12: L₁ larva, 22.VII.2014. Fig. 13: L₁ larva, 23.VII.2014. Fig. 14: L₂ larva, 26.VII.2014. Fig. 15: Final instar larva, 07.VIII.2014. Fig. 16: Pupa, 16.VIII.2014. Fig.17: Breeding habitat, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 18: Pupa pre-hatching, 22.VIII.2014. Fig. 19-20: Adult ♀♀, ex ova, 23.VIII.2014. (Photographs: Filip Franeta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8032078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8032078/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). On
<date id="98341037FF8D333DC5F3FD766143B99E" box="[451,604,670,697]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2014-08-13">13.VIII.2014</date>
the first larva pupated on a branch inside the breeding enclosure. The pupae was light green in colour (
<figureCitation id="74B12A72FF8D333DC619FD57619CB9FD" box="[553,643,703,730]" captionStart="Figures 11-20" captionStartId="8.[151,237,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[165,1422,189,1889]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 11-20. A. metis from Lake Shkodër, Albania. Fig. 11: Ova, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 12: L₁ larva, 22.VII.2014. Fig. 13: L₁ larva, 23.VII.2014. Fig. 14: L₂ larva, 26.VII.2014. Fig. 15: Final instar larva, 07.VIII.2014. Fig. 16: Pupa, 16.VIII.2014. Fig.17: Breeding habitat, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 18: Pupa pre-hatching, 22.VIII.2014. Fig. 19-20: Adult ♀♀, ex ova, 23.VIII.2014. (Photographs: Filip Franeta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8032078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8032078/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
), becoming darker prior to hatching (
<figureCitation id="74B12A72FF8D333DC07BFD5767BAB9FD" box="[1099,1189,703,730]" captionStart="Figures 11-20" captionStartId="8.[151,237,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[165,1422,189,1889]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 11-20. A. metis from Lake Shkodër, Albania. Fig. 11: Ova, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 12: L₁ larva, 22.VII.2014. Fig. 13: L₁ larva, 23.VII.2014. Fig. 14: L₂ larva, 26.VII.2014. Fig. 15: Final instar larva, 07.VIII.2014. Fig. 16: Pupa, 16.VIII.2014. Fig.17: Breeding habitat, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 18: Pupa pre-hatching, 22.VIII.2014. Fig. 19-20: Adult ♀♀, ex ova, 23.VIII.2014. (Photographs: Filip Franeta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8032078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8032078/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). On
<date id="98341037FF8D333DC0DBFD57669BB9FD" box="[1259,1412,703,730]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2014-08-23">23.VIII.2014</date>
a female hatched (
<figureCitation id="74B12A72FF8D333DC56BFD0962A3B9DB" box="[347,444,737,764]" captionStart="Figures 11-20" captionStartId="8.[151,237,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[165,1422,189,1889]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 11-20. A. metis from Lake Shkodër, Albania. Fig. 11: Ova, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 12: L₁ larva, 22.VII.2014. Fig. 13: L₁ larva, 23.VII.2014. Fig. 14: L₂ larva, 26.VII.2014. Fig. 15: Final instar larva, 07.VIII.2014. Fig. 16: Pupa, 16.VIII.2014. Fig.17: Breeding habitat, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 18: Pupa pre-hatching, 22.VIII.2014. Fig. 19-20: Adult ♀♀, ex ova, 23.VIII.2014. (Photographs: Filip Franeta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8032078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8032078/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
-21). The second caterpillar had a slower development, reaching its final instar four days later. Due to possible dehydration, as a consequence of a rearing error, this larva did not pupate normally and the malformed pupae failed to hatch. The fact that both caterpillars refused to enter diapause supports the hypothesis that a possible second or even third generation could occur at the end of August/beginning of September. Third generation is known from the eastern part of the species range in Far
<collectingCountry id="949D7667FF8D333DC4A7FC636218B882" box="[151,263,906,933]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">East Asia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="881B4B06FF8D333DC526FC626294B882" author="Lee, Y. J." box="[278,395,906,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref8128" refString="Lee, Y. J. (2009) Apaturinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Korean Peninsula: synonymic lists and keys to tribes, genera and species. Zootaxa, 2169, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2009">Lee 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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</document>

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<taxonomicName id="81BB9A5FB6F50434A69BB42FF93DBC01" ID-CoL="64RFJ" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Adiantum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capillus-veneris">
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Linnaeus
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2
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<paragraph id="E2A712E4CFB105588B6C13E84D93DCDE" pageNumber="262">&quot;Habitat in Europa australi.&quot; RCN: 7932.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="293653662A02A36AA7D4568D3A9AA130" pageNumber="262">
<typeStatus id="95FD0E9329B4ECAA9E2C4B1356E5CB97">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(Pichi Sermolli in
<emphasis id="0C56C0EB4A8B83E55305BC67B566497C" italics="true" pageNumber="262">Webbia</emphasis>
12: 678. 1957):
<emphasis id="2DB12CCC945432A3118E6022E9DAD882" italics="true" pageNumber="262">Magnol</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3A3F9CDE1B951CF7CD30E5A63CAE0080" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2612070503" collectionCode="LINN" specimenCode="1252.9">
Herb. Linn. No. 1252.9 (
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<typeStatus id="3BA56C017127D62F255519F2A6428E24">Generitype</typeStatus>
of
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<emphasis id="9511A7ADD025222D5B414738B486529F" italics="true" pageNumber="262">Adiantum</emphasis>
Linnaeus
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274. 1875).
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Current name:
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<emphasis id="BA03911EE64411819BF167D024675CE6" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="262">Adiantum capillus-veneris</emphasis>
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L.
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(
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Walker, 1837
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C02A56671316A659CB49503EFA3D77F" genus="Chalcidoidea" lsidName="Chalcidoidea nikolskajae" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" rank="species" species="nikolskajae">nikolskajae</taxonomicName>
(
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, 1955,
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)
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<mods:title id="96AC37A2AF2724F3DEEAF609C915E826">Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete. Band 3. Plumbaginaceae bis Compositae (2 nd edition): Unterfamilie _ liguliflorae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C7162C5D2CE4D95029CCE3FEF7599134">Hess, Hans Ernst</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C1EEF6CA416F82E2E123AD4F3050ED3C">Landolt, Elias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="6D659BE4AF6F501BBB02ABA9D3642156" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A7103C7A0A20369A98CBA6841DEBD721">
<mods:roleTerm id="F344A26BC08361B8F9D84B5DE624AE84">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A3EE9B444D84B26C9FBA4F47744A61E9">Hirzel, Rosmarie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:originInfo id="1A9B87D58113E56482280F629F6B82DD">
<mods:dateIssued id="06839345B1094D231C2BCB591F8E9A5E">1976</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher id="3B8B5D40810E3D575DD0E0621F0A0A65">Birkhaeuser Verlag</mods:publisher>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:location id="3D483F433A2C5E0C8BDE1A806F04A164">
<mods:url id="CB8EC5E03FCE53FAFA0254802F7EA679">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.292249</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="30D8BF8E3CDD07D3CE20AE9351999609" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.292249</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CA9B4E363B0961ADFEA1033043B2D4C0" type="ISBN">3-7643-0556-8</mods:identifier>
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<title id="81DE1945D65E1722D539E9AB3AC32DD3" pageId="null" pageNumber="590">
<subSubSection id="BBEF2C1140C1F3D6837904786933779B" pageId="null" pageNumber="590" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="91E0284F662A3C0DC9B92F8C8D82351E" pageId="null" pageNumber="590">
<taxonomicName id="102BCD10AB970DB19251E1EEAEC0D4FF" authority="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lactuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="null" pageNumber="590" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virosa">
Lactuca
<normalizedToken id="D057349F2A38934B9B464CB571EE6AE6" originalValue="virósa" pageId="null" pageNumber="590">virosa</normalizedToken>
<authorityName id="F977D007C51A7EA9250DE58F6D300ABC" pageId="null" pageNumber="590">L.</authorityName>
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="26D80A2BEF17F8AD9DEE6091C345DFD5" pageId="null" pageNumber="590">Gift-Lattich</paragraph>
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1- oder 2
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, mit verzweigten Wurzeln; 60-150 cm hoch;
<emphasis id="431C5C751DE7319BAA1098BB596FF056" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="590">nach Mohn riechend.</emphasis>
Stengel und
<normalizedToken id="F461A2406170445E4F6ED81B423B1112" originalValue="Blätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="590">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
wie
<taxonomicName id="BC1FAAC5E2AD7AEAD07FD5B2201E24D6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lactuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="null" pageNumber="590" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serriola">
<emphasis id="ED9CCB27C23973212AB0D7A44068D291" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="590">
<authorityName id="8650E3BAAA1B6454AF136CCC36CB7DF6" pageId="null" pageNumber="590">L.</authorityName>
Serriola
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(Nr. 6), aber
<emphasis id="8219E8CC3F9CEBEA462A4D266C269D8A" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="590">
die
<normalizedToken id="714C7FB0432E5F0B239C9810C0B318FD" originalValue="Stengelblätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="590">Stengelblaetter</normalizedToken>
mit horizontaler Spreite
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, ungeteilt, sitzend, mit 2 breiten,
<normalizedToken id="608EB2C7096C09E5CE57BB2C6240ED53" originalValue="gezähnten" pageId="null" pageNumber="590">gezaehnten</normalizedToken>
Zipfeln den Stengel umfassend.
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in einer breiten,
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Rispe, mehr als 5
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.
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10-12 mm lang. Krone hellgelb (auch getrocknet), 1-2 cm lang.
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(mit Schnabel) 6-8 mm lang,
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schwarz,
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, meist ohne Haare
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, beiderseits mit je 5-9
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;
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Schnabel
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, deutlich
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als der Rest der Frucht.
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-
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: Sommer und
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Herbst.
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<emphasis id="CC936AC461657614C92C4D9C9C8724B4" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="590">Zytologische Angaben. 2n</emphasis>
=
<emphasis id="3D8173B41ADCFCE3E1DC9CEB0CD325E8" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="590">18:</emphasis>
Material aus botanischen
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(Babcock et al. 1937, Lindqvist 1960), aus England (Thompson et al. 1941), aus dem Aostatal (Gadella und Kliphuis 1970).
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<emphasis id="0134F315F8953E667CD2F9AD34137954" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="590">Standort.</emphasis>
Kollin, selten montan. Trockene,
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, steinige, lehmige
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in warmen Lagen.
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,
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,
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, Unkrautgesellschaften.
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<emphasis id="8BEE717E4DC3ED42538934A3A89E23C7" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="590">Verbreitung. Mediterrane Pflanze:</emphasis>
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vereinzelt und zum Teil nur verschleppt (als Arzneipflanze angepflanzt und verwildert) bis Nordfrankreich, Mitteldeutschland, Alpen;
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bis Nordafrika,
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.- Im Gebiet: Oberrheinische Tiefebene,
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,
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. Jura (Salins), Savoyen (Tarentaise, Maurienne), Genferseegebiet, Wallis (Martigny bis Brig), Aostatal (
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bis Valgrisenche), Val
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, Comerseegebiet (Colico), Vintschgau (Fragsbourg,
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Brandis); ziemlich selten und
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; gelegentlich adventiv (z. B.
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Tessin).
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