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<document id="EF601D576FEE295DB87C66588AF1B035" ID-DOI="10.3956/2022-98.2.150" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15237832" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1744916842929" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Korneyev, Severyn V., Hauser, Martin, Kameneva, Elena P. &amp; Gaimari, Stephen D." docDate="2022" docId="03CC87B4FFF2FFBCFE4EFC35C518FA4A" docLanguage="en" docName="ThePanPacificEntomol.98.2.150-162.pdf" docOrigin="The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 98 (2)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.3956/2022-98.2.150" docTitle="Euxesta abdominalis Loew 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="153" masterDocId="FFF5FFCCFFF1FFB8FF9CFFA1C10AFFE6" masterDocTitle="A key to species of the Euxesta sororcula species group (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Lipsanini), with new synonymy and a new record from the U. S. A." masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="150" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1744917365253" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="85DF484810BE12B5C5E14B4588F43ECA">A key to species of the Euxesta sororcula species group (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Lipsanini), with new synonymy and a new record from the U. S. A.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="531705D9160A14D21CDB17B04E098B4E">Korneyev, Severyn V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6D5FC6FD850E6173FE073B05CAB8F086">Hauser, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E2AE14544632AAAF53DA932AE740BAA2">Kameneva, Elena P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4EF24CA99FC09823B8E988D07EBDA2CE">Gaimari, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="92C55ABA18E03AD0A7B817E1305166B2">The Pan-Pacific Entomologist</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="41492B7C57EE51B5EBC831E099B9A54C">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CB181802059D75F5FB9054E76940A4E3">2022-06-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B22D2E80ADC44C57F3A496E5F069280D">98</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03CC87B4FFF2FFBCFE4EFC35C518FA4A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237797" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15237797" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC87B4FFF2FFBCFE4EFC35C518FA4A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC87B4FFF2FFBCFE4EFC35C518FA4A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF2FFBBFE4EFC35C234FC4A" box="[466,830,915,940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF2FFBBFE4EFC35C234FC4A" blockId="3.[466,830,915,972]" box="[466,830,915,940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<heading id="D09281CEFFF2FFBBFE4EFC35C234FC4A" box="[466,830,915,940]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF2FFBBFE4EFC35C234FC4A" ID-CoL="3DFGF" authority="Loew, 1868" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1868" box="[466,830,915,940]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF2FFBBFE4EFC35C3B2FC4D" box="[466,696,915,939]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Euxesta abdominalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF2FFBBFD22FC32C234FC4A" author="Loew, H." box="[702,830,915,940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" pagination="283 - 326" refId="ref8470" refString="Loew, H. 1868. Die amerikanischen Ulidina. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift (1867) 11: 283-326." type="journal article" year="1868">Loew, 1868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF2FFBBFDFCFC12C3BAFC2A" box="[608,688,947,972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF2FFBBFDFCFC12C3BAFC2A" blockId="3.[466,830,915,972]" box="[608,688,947,972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFF2FFBBFDFCFC12C3BAFC2A" box="[608,688,947,972]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[219,282,1060,1081]" captionTargetBox="[205,1141,188,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[200,1144,186,1027]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Wings: (a) Euxesta latifasciata; (b) E. leucomelas (=E. fascipennis); (c) E. wettsteini; (d) E. abdominalis, syntype, MCZ; (e) E. sororcula, type, NHMD; (f) E. obliquestriata, syntype, NHMW. (a–b modified from Wulp (1899); and d modified from EOL site https://eol. org/pages/734579/media). Abbreviations: SA = subapical band; A = apical band; phi – preapical hyaline interspace. Fine black lines show the ratio of SA and phi along vein R4+5 and light blue arrows indicate other characters mentioned in the key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237834/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Fig. 1d</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF2FFBBFF5FFC45C31FFBBA" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF2FFBBFF5FFC45C31FFBBA" blockId="3.[168,1129,995,1724]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF2FFBBFF5FFC45C363FC1A" authority="Loew, 1868: 307" authorityName="Loew" authorityPageNumber="307" authorityYear="1868" box="[195,617,995,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF2FFBBFF5FFC45C0A6FC1D" box="[195,428,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Euxesta abdominalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF2FFBBFE2AFC42C363FC1A" author="Loew, H." box="[438,617,995,1020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" pagination="283 - 326" refId="ref8470" refString="Loew, H. 1868. Die amerikanischen Ulidina. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift (1867) 11: 283-326." type="journal article" year="1868">Loew, 1868:307</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(description), 1873:163 (English translation of description);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF2FFBBFEFAFBA2C325FBFA" author="Hendel, F." box="[358,559,1027,1052]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" pagination="151 - 172" refId="ref8241" refString="Hendel, F. 1909. Uber die Gattung Euxesta, Loew. (Dipt.). Annales Museum Nationalis Hungarici 7: 151-172." type="journal article" year="1909">Hendel, 1909:152</bibRefCitation>
(key), 170 (comparison with
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF2FFBBFC12FBA5C2FFFBFD" box="[910,1013,1028,1051]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">argentina</emphasis>
), 1910:25 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF2FFBBFE84FB82C0C5FBDA" author="Curran, C. H." box="[280,463,1059,1084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref7848" refString="Curran, C. H. 1935. New American Diptera. American Museum Novitates 812: 1-24." type="journal article" year="1935">Curran, 1935:10</bibRefCitation>
(key);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF2FFBBFD80FB82C3E9FBDA" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[540,739,1059,1084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref8872" refString="Steyskal, G. C. 1968. Family Otitidae (Ortalidae: including Pterocallidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 54. 1-54. 31. In: P. E. Vanzolini &amp; N. Papavero (Eds.). A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Depto. Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, Sao Paulo, Brasil." type="book chapter" year="1968">Steyskal, 1968:54</bibRefCitation>
. 16 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF2FFBBFCE1FB82C562FBDA" author="Kameneva, E. P." box="[893,1128,1059,1084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" pagination="609 - 652" refId="ref8373" refString="Kameneva, E. P. 2004. New records of picture-winged flies (Diptera, Ulidiidae) of Central America, including the description of new taxa. Studia Dipterologica (2003) 10 (2): 609-652." type="journal article" year="2004">Kameneva, 2004:614</bibRefCitation>
(records from Central America).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF2FFBBFF5FFBC5C05CFB5A" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF2FFBBFF5FFBC5C05CFB5A" blockId="3.[168,1129,995,1724]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF2FFBBFF5FFBC5C063FB9D" box="[195,361,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Type Specimen</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF2FFBBFEEBFBC2C05CFB5A" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Syntype 1 ♂, labeled: “Cuba, Pocis [???; unclear handwriting; green paper]”; “159”; “basalis m. abdominal.” [Loew’s handwriting]; “coll. Loew”; “Type 13264” (MCZ).</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF2FFBBFF5FFB62C2A7FA3A" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF2FFBBFF5FFB62C2A7FA3A" blockId="3.[168,1129,995,1724]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF2FFBBFF5FFB62C33AFB3D" box="[195,560,1219,1243]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Additional Specimens Examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF2FFBBFDAAFB62C562FB3A" box="[566,1128,1219,1246]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">1 ♀, ANGUILLA: 28.XII.1983, Parker (USNM),</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF2FFBBFF34FB42C071FB1D" bold="true" box="[168,379,1251,1275]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">new country record</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF2FFBBFE17FB42C202FB1A" box="[395,776,1251,1278]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">1 ♀, BELIZE: Johnson (LACM).</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF2FFBBFC93FB42C3F5FAFA" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">1 ♂, COSTA RICA: San José, Farm La Caja, 20.VII.[19]19, H. Schmidt (USNM);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF2FFBBFC95FAA2C0E6FADA" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">3 ♂, 4 ♀, Hiquito, San Mateo [no date], P. Schild (USNM);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF2FFBBFE6FFA82C3F8FABA" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">1 ♂, 1 ♀ Cartago: Turrialba, 29. XI. 1979, [ex] “papaya” [specimens with puparia, reared], Fischer (USNM).</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF2FFBBFD65FAE2C385FA9A" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
1 ♂, 3 ♀, CUBA: “Pöpp, 1843”,
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF2FFBBFF34FAC2C04AFA9A" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1868" box="[168,320,1379,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">“abdominalis</taxonomicName>
/ Alte Sammlung” (NHMW).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF2FFBBFD08FAC2C05DFA7A" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">1 ♂, HONDURAS: La Ceiba, 10.X.1966, Dyer (USNM).</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF2FFBBFEC1FA22C2BFFA7A" box="[349,949,1411,1438]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">1 ♀, MEXICO: Tampico, IX.1965, Krauss (USNM);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF2FFBBFC21FA22C33CFA5A" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">1 ♂, 1 ♀, Veracruz [no date], Crawford (USNM).</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF2FFBBFDA1FA02C07EFA3A" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">12 ♂, 12 ♀, U.S.A.: Florida: Dade Co., VI.1976, Higgins (USNM);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF2FFBBFEE7FA62C2A7FA3A" box="[379,941,1475,1502]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">1 ♂, 1 ♀, Miami, 12.IV.1967, Stegmaier (USNM).</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF2FFBCFF5FFA42C06BFAAA" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF2FFBCFF5FFA42C06BFAAA" blockId="3.[168,1129,995,1724]" lastBlockId="4.[192,1152,1267,1452]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF2FFBBFF5FFA42C03AFA1D" box="[195,304,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Remarks.</emphasis>
Described from both male and female syntypes from the collection of J. C. Gundlach and deposited in the collection of the Cuban National Museum of History of Sciences (Havana), which have not been examined. EPK examined the specimen from MCZ in 2001; it is still unclear if it is one of the Cuban specimens determined by Loew after 1868. Hendel’s description of
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF2FFBBFD3CF9C5C23AF99D" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[672,816,1636,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wettsteinii">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF2FFBBFD3CF9C5C23AF99D" box="[672,816,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">E. wettsteinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fits the original description and morphology of
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF2FFBBFE09F925C336F97D" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1868" box="[405,572,1667,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF2FFBBFE09F925C336F97D" box="[405,572,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">E. abdominalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except the syntergite 1+2 entirely black (partly brownish yellow in
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF2FFBBFE1AF905C326F95D" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1868" box="[390,556,1699,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF2FFBBFE1AF905C326F95D" box="[390,556,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">E. abdominalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However, in three of four females from Hiquito, San Mateo (Costa Rica) here determined as
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF5FFBCFD5CFB55C26CFAED" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1868" box="[704,870,1267,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF5FFBCFD5CFB55C26CFAED" box="[704,870,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">E. abdominalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the abdomen is entirely black as in
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF5FFBCFEA1FAB5C0CFFACD" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[317,453,1300,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF5FFBCFEA1FAB5C0CFFACD" box="[317,453,1300,1323]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">E. wettsteini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, showing that their differences may be only a result of individual variability.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1A662AFFF5FFBCFF47FB85C084FB23" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15237834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237834/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" startId="4.[219,282,1060,1081]" targetBox="[205,1141,188,1024]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF5FFBCFF47FB85C084FB23" blockId="4.[192,1154,1060,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
Figure 1. Wings: (a)
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF5FFBCFE24FB85C37EFBDF" authorityName="Wulp" authorityYear="1899" box="[440,628,1060,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifasciata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF5FFBCFE24FB85C37EFBDF" box="[440,628,1060,1081]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Euxesta latifasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (b)
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF5FFBCFD3BFB85C220FBDF" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[679,810,1060,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF5FFBCFD3BFB85C220FBDF" box="[679,810,1060,1081]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">E. leucomelas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF5FFBCFCD5FB85C2C6FBDF" authorityName="Wulp" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="Wulp" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[841,972,1060,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascipennis">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF5FFBCFCD5FB85C2C6FBDF" box="[841,972,1060,1081]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">E. fascipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (c)
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF5FFBCFB9FFB85C573FBDF" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[1027,1145,1060,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF5FFBCFB9FFB85C573FBDF" box="[1027,1145,1060,1081]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">E. wettsteini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (d)
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF5FFBCFF7CFBE1C06CFBB3" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1868" box="[224,358,1088,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF5FFBCFF7CFBE1C06CFBB3" box="[224,358,1088,1109]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">E. abdominalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, syntype, MCZ; (e)
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF5FFBCFDBCFBE1C386FBB3" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[544,652,1088,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororcula">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF5FFBCFDBCFBE1C386FBB3" box="[544,652,1088,1109]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">E. sororcula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, type, NHMD; (f)
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF5FFBCFCA1FBE1C2DBFBB3" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[829,977,1088,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obliquestriata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF5FFBCFCA1FBE1C2DBFBB3" box="[829,977,1088,1109]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">E. obliquestriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, syntype, NHMW. (a–b modified from
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF5FFBCFEE1FBFDC0FFFB97" author="Wulp, F. M. van der" box="[381,501,1116,1137]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" pagination="409 - 416" refId="ref9295" refString="Wulp, F. M. van der. 1899. Fam. Muscidae, pp. 409-416. In: F. D. Godman &amp; O. Salvin (Eds.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia. Class Insecta. Diptera. Or. Contributions to the Knowledge of the Fauna and Flora of Mexico and Central America. Volume 2. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 489 pp." type="book chapter" year="1899">Wulp (1899)</bibRefCitation>
; and d modified from EOL site https://eol. org/pages/734579/media). Abbreviations: SA = subapical band; A = apical band; phi – preapical hyaline interspace. Fine black lines show the ratio of SA and phi along vein R
<subScript id="17E134E7FFF5FFBCFD00FB03C3B9FB48" attach="left" box="[668,691,1186,1198]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">4+5</subScript>
and light blue arrows indicate other characters mentioned in the key.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF5FFBCFF47FAF2C518FA4A" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF5FFBCFF47FAF2C518FA4A" blockId="4.[192,1152,1267,1452]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF5FFBCFF47FAF2C062FA8D" box="[219,360,1363,1387]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Distribution.</emphasis>
Anguilla (this study), Bahamas, Bermuda, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mona, Saint Thomas, Saint Martin, Jamaica; Costa Rica, Panama (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF5FFBCFCE3FAD2C52BFA6A" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[895,1057,1395,1420]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref8872" refString="Steyskal, G. C. 1968. Family Otitidae (Ortalidae: including Pterocallidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 54. 1-54. 31. In: P. E. Vanzolini &amp; N. Papavero (Eds.). A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Depto. Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, Sao Paulo, Brasil." type="book chapter" year="1968">Steyskal 1968</bibRefCitation>
), Belize, Honduras (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF5FFBCFEDDFA32C0F1FA4A" author="Kameneva, E. P." box="[321,507,1427,1452]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" pagination="609 - 652" refId="ref8373" refString="Kameneva, E. P. 2004. New records of picture-winged flies (Diptera, Ulidiidae) of Central America, including the description of new taxa. Studia Dipterologica (2003) 10 (2): 609-652." type="journal article" year="2004">Kameneva 2004</bibRefCitation>
), Mexico (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF5FFBCFDECFA32C2B9FA4A" author="Segura Ponce de Leon, R. C." box="[624,947,1427,1452]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" refId="ref8698" refString="Segura Ponce de Leon, R. C. 2021. Comision nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad Computarizacion de la coleccion cientifica del proyecto de control biologico de malezas de CSIRO-Australia. Version 1. 3. Comision nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/ncaf9t (accessed via GBIF. org on 2022 Feb 22). https: // www. gbif. org / occurrence / 2628959553." type="journal volume" year="2021">Segura Ponce de León, 2021</bibRefCitation>
), U.S.A.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="207B4E9F65D3658A690BAF4B23DF890D">A key to species of the Euxesta sororcula species group (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Lipsanini), with new synonymy and a new record from the U. S. A.</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF4FFBDFE5BFE10C240FE2C" box="[455,842,433,458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF4FFBDFE5BFE10C240FE2C" blockId="5.[455,842,433,490]" box="[455,842,433,458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<heading id="D09281CEFFF4FFBDFE5BFE10C240FE2C" box="[455,842,433,458]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF4FFBDFE5BFE10C240FE2C" ID-CoL="3DFJ5" authority="(Walker, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[455,842,433,458]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF4FFBDFE5BFE10C395FE2F" box="[455,671,433,457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Euxesta leucomelas</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF4FFBDFD32FE10C24BFE2C" author="Walker, F." box="[686,833,433,458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="297 - 334" refId="ref9100" refString="Walker, F. 1861. Characters of undescribed Diptera in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq., F. R. S., F. L. S., &amp; c. [concl.]. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (5): 297-334." type="journal article" year="1861">Walker, 1861</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF4FFBDFDFCFE70C3BAFE0C" box="[608,688,465,490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF4FFBDFDFCFE70C3BAFE0C" blockId="5.[455,842,433,490]" box="[608,688,465,490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFF4FFBDFDFCFE70C3BAFE0C" box="[608,688,465,490]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[219,282,1060,1081]" captionTargetBox="[205,1141,188,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[200,1144,186,1027]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Wings: (a) Euxesta latifasciata; (b) E. leucomelas (=E. fascipennis); (c) E. wettsteini; (d) E. abdominalis, syntype, MCZ; (e) E. sororcula, type, NHMD; (f) E. obliquestriata, syntype, NHMW. (a–b modified from Wulp (1899); and d modified from EOL site https://eol. org/pages/734579/media). Abbreviations: SA = subapical band; A = apical band; phi – preapical hyaline interspace. Fine black lines show the ratio of SA and phi along vein R4+5 and light blue arrows indicate other characters mentioned in the key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237834/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF4FFBDFF5FFDA0C280FD7C" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF4FFBDFF5FFDA0C3FEFDFC" blockId="5.[168,1129,513,1722]" box="[195,756,513,538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF4FFBDFF5FFDA0C35CFDFC" authority="Walker, 1861: 325" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="325" authorityYear="1861" box="[195,598,513,538]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF4FFBDFF5FFDA0C084FDFF" box="[195,398,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Ortalis leucomelas</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF4FFBDFE09FDA0C35CFDFC" author="Walker, F." box="[405,598,513,538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="297 - 334" refId="ref9100" refString="Walker, F. 1861. Characters of undescribed Diptera in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq., F. R. S., F. L. S., &amp; c. [concl.]. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (5): 297-334." type="journal article" year="1861">Walker, 1861:325</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(description).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF4FFBDFF5FFD80C30FFDBC" blockId="5.[168,1129,513,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF4FFBDFF5FFD80C0ACFDDF" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[195,422,545,569]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF4FFBDFF5FFD80C0ACFDDF" box="[195,422,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Euxesta leucomelas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF4FFBDFE22FD80C387FDDC" author="Hendel, F." box="[446,653,545,570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="151 - 172" refId="ref8241" refString="Hendel, F. 1909. Uber die Gattung Euxesta, Loew. (Dipt.). Annales Museum Nationalis Hungarici 7: 151-172." type="journal article" year="1909">Hendel, 1909:171</bibRefCitation>
(key); 1910:27 (catalog, combination);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF4FFBDFF34FDE0C065FDBC" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[168,367,577,602]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref8872" refString="Steyskal, G. C. 1968. Family Otitidae (Ortalidae: including Pterocallidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 54. 1-54. 31. In: P. E. Vanzolini &amp; N. Papavero (Eds.). A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Depto. Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, Sao Paulo, Brasil." type="book chapter" year="1968">Steyskal, 1968:54</bibRefCitation>
. 18 (catalog).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF4FFBDFF5FFDC0C280FD7C" blockId="5.[168,1129,513,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF4FFBDFF5FFDC0C37BFD9C" authority="Wulp, 1899: 398" authorityName="Wulp" authorityPageNumber="398" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="Wulp" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[195,625,609,634]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascipennis">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF4FFBDFF5FFDC0C0ACFD9F" box="[195,422,609,633]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Euxesta fascipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF4FFBDFE2BFDC0C37BFD9C" author="Wulp, F. M. van der" box="[439,625,609,634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="409 - 416" refId="ref9295" refString="Wulp, F. M. van der. 1899. Fam. Muscidae, pp. 409-416. In: F. D. Godman &amp; O. Salvin (Eds.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia. Class Insecta. Diptera. Or. Contributions to the Knowledge of the Fauna and Flora of Mexico and Central America. Volume 2. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 489 pp." type="book chapter" year="1899">Wulp, 1899:398</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(description);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF4FFBDFCB7FDC0C2E6FD9C" author="Hendel, F." box="[811,1004,609,634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref8269" refString="Hendel, F. 1910. Diptera, Fam. Muscaridae, Subfam. Ulidiinae, Fascicle 106, pp. 1-76. In: Wytsman (Ed.). Genera Insectorum. Bruxelles." type="book chapter" year="1910">Hendel, 1910:26</bibRefCitation>
(catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF4FFBDFF34FD20C06AFD7C" author="Curran, C. H." box="[168,352,641,666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref7848" refString="Curran, C. H. 1935. New American Diptera. American Museum Novitates 812: 1-24." type="journal article" year="1935">Curran, 1935:12</bibRefCitation>
(key);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF4FFBDFE31FD20C37EFD7C" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[429,628,641,666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref8872" refString="Steyskal, G. C. 1968. Family Otitidae (Ortalidae: including Pterocallidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 54. 1-54. 31. In: P. E. Vanzolini &amp; N. Papavero (Eds.). A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Depto. Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, Sao Paulo, Brasil." type="book chapter" year="1968">Steyskal, 1968:54</bibRefCitation>
. 18 (catalog, synonymy).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF4FFBDFF5FFD00C336FD3C" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF4FFBDFF5FFD00C336FD3C" blockId="5.[168,1129,513,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF4FFBDFF5FFD00C07BFD5E" box="[195,369,673,696]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Type specimens</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF4FFBDFE1EFD00C33DFD3C" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
Syntype,
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF4FFBDFE71FD00C3B7FD5F" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1861" box="[493,701,673,697]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF4FFBDFE71FD00C3B7FD5F" box="[493,701,673,697]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Ortalis leucomelas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, [1 specimen, sex unknown], [Brazil] (BMNH(E)252334). Not examined
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF4FFBDFF5FFD40C2A6FCDC" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF4FFBDFF5FFD40C2A6FCDC" blockId="5.[168,1129,513,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
Syntypes,
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF4FFBDFEA9FD40C304FD1F" authorityName="Wulp" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="Wulp" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[309,526,737,761]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascipennis">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF4FFBDFEA9FD40C304FD1F" box="[309,526,737,761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Euxesta fascipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF4FFBDFD87FD40C2A6FCDC" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">7 ♂, 3 ♀ labeled: “Mexico, Orizaba” (H. H. Smith &amp; F. D. Godman), “Tepetlapa in Guerrero 3000 feet, Medellin near Vera Cruz, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith)” (BMNH(E)252325–252333). Not examined.</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF4FFBEFF5FFCE0C023FE92" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF4FFBDFF5FFCE0C359FC9C" blockId="5.[168,1129,513,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF4FFBDFF5FFCE0C026FCBF" box="[195,300,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF4FFBDFEAFFCE0C0D8FCBC" author="Walker, F." box="[307,466,833,858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="297 - 334" refId="ref9100" refString="Walker, F. 1861. Characters of undescribed Diptera in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq., F. R. S., F. L. S., &amp; c. [concl.]. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (5): 297-334." type="journal article" year="1861">Walker (1861)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF4FFBDFDD0FCE0C3EFFCBF" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1861" box="[588,741,833,857]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF4FFBDFDD0FCE0C3EFFCBF" box="[588,741,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">O. leucomelas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on an unknown number of specimens of unknown sex as follows:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF4FFBDFF5FFC20C2C4FC5C" blockId="5.[168,1129,513,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
“
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF4FFBDFF4CFC20C2CDFC5F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Nigro-viridis, antennis pedibus que nigris, tarsis piceis, alis albis nigro-quadrifasciatis, fascia 1â basali, 2â 3â que posticèdilatatis, 4â costali; halteribus albis</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF4FFBDFF5FFC60C384FB7C" blockId="5.[168,1129,513,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Blackish-green; antennae and legs black; tarsi piceous; wings white, with four black bands; first band near the base; second broad, much dilated hindward; third narrow, also dilated hind- ward; fourth costal, joining the third at much beyond half the length of the costa, and extending thence to a little beyond the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein parted by one-fourth of its length from the border, and by more than twice its length from the praebrachial transverse vein; halteres white. Length of the body 2 ½ lines; of the wings 4 lines. South America.”</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF4FFBDFF5FFB00C31FFB3C" blockId="5.[168,1129,513,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF4FFBDFF5FFB00C05BFB5C" author="Wulp, F. M. van der" box="[195,337,1185,1210]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="409 - 416" refId="ref9295" refString="Wulp, F. M. van der. 1899. Fam. Muscidae, pp. 409-416. In: F. D. Godman &amp; O. Salvin (Eds.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia. Class Insecta. Diptera. Or. Contributions to the Knowledge of the Fauna and Flora of Mexico and Central America. Volume 2. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 489 pp." type="book chapter" year="1899">Wulp (1899)</bibRefCitation>
described his species (as
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF4FFBDFDE4FB00C218FB5F" authorityName="Wulp" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="Wulp" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[632,786,1185,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascipennis">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF4FFBDFDE4FB00C218FB5F" box="[632,786,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">E. fascipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) as follows, and provided the figure reproduced here (
<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFF4FFBDFE29FB60C30DFB3C" box="[437,519,1217,1242]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[219,282,1060,1081]" captionTargetBox="[205,1141,188,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[200,1144,186,1027]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Wings: (a) Euxesta latifasciata; (b) E. leucomelas (=E. fascipennis); (c) E. wettsteini; (d) E. abdominalis, syntype, MCZ; (e) E. sororcula, type, NHMD; (f) E. obliquestriata, syntype, NHMW. (a–b modified from Wulp (1899); and d modified from EOL site https://eol. org/pages/734579/media). Abbreviations: SA = subapical band; A = apical band; phi – preapical hyaline interspace. Fine black lines show the ratio of SA and phi along vein R4+5 and light blue arrows indicate other characters mentioned in the key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237834/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF4FFBDFF5FFB40C562FADC" blockId="5.[168,1129,513,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">“Metallic bluish-black; frons and antennae rufous; legs blackish; wings hyaline, with four blackish bands, the discal and subapical much enlarged towards the hind margin, the fourth at the tip of the wing and narrower than the hyaline space before it.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF4FFBDFF5FFAE0C077FABC" blockId="5.[168,1129,513,1722]" box="[195,381,1345,1370]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Length 3. 5 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF4FFBDFF5FFAC0C311F99C" blockId="5.[168,1129,513,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
Closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF4FFBDFE0CFAC0C321FA9F" authorityName="Wulp" authorityYear="1899" box="[400,555,1377,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifasciata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF4FFBDFE0CFAC0C321FA9F" box="[400,555,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">E. latifasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and agreeing with it in most of its characters. The metallic coloration is more obscure, but on the face it is more extended; the tip of the scutellum is not rufous; the abdomen is more shining black; the legs are blackish, the femora with metallic green reflections, the base only of the tarsi rufous (in one of the specimens, perhaps a not fully coloured one, the legs are rufous). The discal and subapical bands on the wings, though enlarged towards the hind margin, are narrower than in
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF4FFBDFE9FF980C0AAF9DF" authorityName="Wulp" authorityYear="1899" box="[259,416,1569,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifasciata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF4FFBDFE9FF980C0AAF9DF" box="[259,416,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">E. latifasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the hyaline space between the subapical and apical ones is much broader than the bands themselves. The apical joint of the ovipositor of the female is cylindrical and rufous.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF4FFBEFF5FF920C34EFEF2" blockId="5.[168,1129,513,1722]" lastBlockId="6.[192,1152,187,404]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
Both nominal species were considered synonyms by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF4FFBDFCB5F920C2D3F97C" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[809,985,1665,1690]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref8872" refString="Steyskal, G. C. 1968. Family Otitidae (Ortalidae: including Pterocallidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 54. 1-54. 31. In: P. E. Vanzolini &amp; N. Papavero (Eds.). A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Depto. Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, Sao Paulo, Brasil." type="book chapter" year="1968">Steyskal (1968)</bibRefCitation>
in his Neotropical Catalogue based on the study of the types from the NHMUK, but without designation of lectotypes.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF7FFBEFE70FF1AC386FF32" author="Walker, F." box="[492,652,187,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="297 - 334" refId="ref9100" refString="Walker, F. 1861. Characters of undescribed Diptera in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq., F. R. S., F. L. S., &amp; c. [concl.]. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (5): 297-334." type="journal article" year="1861">Walker (1861)</bibRefCitation>
did not state the number or sex of his type specimens, so the single specimen in the Saunders collection labeled as this species formally has the status of syntype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF7FFBEFF47FEBAC023FE92" blockId="6.[192,1152,187,404]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
The Data Portal of the NHMUK (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF7FFBEFDEFFEBAC217FED2" author="BMNH" box="[627,797,283,308]" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Museum Data Portal" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5519/qd.8pzpcpll" refId="ref7576" refString="BMNH. 2021 a. Euxesta latifasciata. Natural History Museum Data Portal. Available from https://doi.org/10.5519/qd.8pzpcpll (accessed 19 Dec 2021)." title="Euxesta latifasciata" type="book" year="2021">BMNH 2021a</bibRefCitation>
, b, c) refers to “holotype” and “lectotype and paralectotypes” of both nominal species, but they are all actually syntypes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF7FFBEFF47FEDAC38EFE72" box="[219,644,379,404]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF7FFBEFF47FEDAC38EFE72" blockId="6.[192,1152,187,404]" box="[219,644,379,404]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF7FFBEFF47FEDAC062FE75" box="[219,360,379,403]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Distribution.</emphasis>
Brazil, Guyana, Mexico.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF5FFBCFE73FA70C25BFA0F" box="[495,849,1488,1513]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF5FFBCFE73FA70C25BFA0F" blockId="4.[495,849,1488,1545]" box="[495,849,1488,1513]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
<heading id="D09281CEFFF5FFBCFE73FA70C25BFA0F" box="[495,849,1488,1513]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF5FFBCFE73FA70C25BFA0F" ID-CoL="3DFJ4" authority="Wulp, 1899" authorityName="Wulp" authorityYear="1899" box="[495,849,1488,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifasciata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF5FFBCFE73FA70C3C1FA0F" box="[495,715,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Euxesta latifasciata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF5FFBCFD4DFA71C25BFA0F" author="Wulp, F. M. van der" box="[721,849,1488,1513]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" pagination="409 - 416" refId="ref9295" refString="Wulp, F. M. van der. 1899. Fam. Muscidae, pp. 409-416. In: F. D. Godman &amp; O. Salvin (Eds.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia. Class Insecta. Diptera. Or. Contributions to the Knowledge of the Fauna and Flora of Mexico and Central America. Volume 2. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 489 pp." type="book chapter" year="1899">Wulp, 1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF5FFBCFDE5FA51C3C2F9EF" box="[633,712,1520,1545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" type="description">
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<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFF5FFBCFDE5FA51C3C2F9EF" box="[633,712,1520,1545]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[219,282,1060,1081]" captionTargetBox="[205,1141,188,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[200,1144,186,1027]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Wings: (a) Euxesta latifasciata; (b) E. leucomelas (=E. fascipennis); (c) E. wettsteini; (d) E. abdominalis, syntype, MCZ; (e) E. sororcula, type, NHMD; (f) E. obliquestriata, syntype, NHMW. (a–b modified from Wulp (1899); and d modified from EOL site https://eol. org/pages/734579/media). Abbreviations: SA = subapical band; A = apical band; phi – preapical hyaline interspace. Fine black lines show the ratio of SA and phi along vein R4+5 and light blue arrows indicate other characters mentioned in the key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237834/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF5FFBCFF47F980C3C8F99F" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF5FFBCFF47F980C3C8F99F" blockId="4.[192,1153,1568,1723]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF5FFBCFF47F980C38AF9DF" authority="Wulp, 1899: 397" authorityName="Wulp" authorityPageNumber="397" authorityYear="1899" box="[219,640,1568,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifasciata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF5FFBCFF47F980C0B7F9DF" box="[219,445,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Euxesta latifasciata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF5FFBCFE56F981C38AF9DF" author="Wulp, F. M. van der" box="[458,640,1568,1593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" pagination="409 - 416" refId="ref9295" refString="Wulp, F. M. van der. 1899. Fam. Muscidae, pp. 409-416. In: F. D. Godman &amp; O. Salvin (Eds.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia. Class Insecta. Diptera. Or. Contributions to the Knowledge of the Fauna and Flora of Mexico and Central America. Volume 2. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 489 pp." type="book chapter" year="1899">Wulp, 1899:397</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(description);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF5FFBCFCAEF981C2F7F9DF" author="Hendel, F." box="[818,1021,1568,1593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" pagination="151 - 172" refId="ref8241" refString="Hendel, F. 1909. Uber die Gattung Euxesta, Loew. (Dipt.). Annales Museum Nationalis Hungarici 7: 151-172." type="journal article" year="1909">Hendel, 1909:154</bibRefCitation>
(key), 167 (comparison with
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF5FFBCFE00F9E0C350F9BF" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[412,602,1601,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obliquestriata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF5FFBCFE00F9E0C350F9BF" box="[412,602,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">E. obliquestriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF5FFBCFD3CF9E0C226F9BF" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[672,812,1601,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororcula">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF5FFBCFD3CF9E0C226F9BF" box="[672,812,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">E. sororcula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 1910:27 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF5FFBCFBBAF9E1C01DF99F" author="Curran, C. H." pageId="4" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref7848" refString="Curran, C. H. 1935. New American Diptera. American Museum Novitates 812: 1-24." type="journal article" year="1935">Curran, 1935:10</bibRefCitation>
(key);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF5FFBCFEF8F9C1C326F99F" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[356,556,1632,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref8872" refString="Steyskal, G. C. 1968. Family Otitidae (Ortalidae: including Pterocallidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 54. 1-54. 31. In: P. E. Vanzolini &amp; N. Papavero (Eds.). A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Depto. Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, Sao Paulo, Brasil." type="book chapter" year="1968">Steyskal, 1968:54</bibRefCitation>
. 18 (catalog).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF5FFBCFF47F920C58AF95F" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF5FFBCFF47F920C58AF95F" blockId="4.[192,1153,1568,1723]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF5FFBCFF47F920C087F97E" box="[219,397,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Type Specimens.</emphasis>
Syntypes
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF5FFBCFE65F921C576F95F" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">2 ♂, both labeled:“MEXICO, Cuernavaca in Morelos” and 1 ♀, labeled: “Tierra Colorada in Guerrero” (H. H. Smith) (NHMUK). Not examined</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF4FFBDFF5FFF1AC2E2FE92" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF4FFBDFF5FFF1AC548FED2" blockId="5.[168,1129,187,404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF4FFBDFF5FFF1AC021FF35" box="[195,299,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF4FFBDFEAEFF1AC0BDFF32" author="Wulp, F. M. van der" box="[306,439,187,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="409 - 416" refId="ref9295" refString="Wulp, F. M. van der. 1899. Fam. Muscidae, pp. 409-416. In: F. D. Godman &amp; O. Salvin (Eds.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia. Class Insecta. Diptera. Or. Contributions to the Knowledge of the Fauna and Flora of Mexico and Central America. Volume 2. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 489 pp." type="book chapter" year="1899">Wulp (1899</bibRefCitation>
:tab. XL, fig. 9) illustrated the wing and diagnosed the species in the key as having four bands on the wing, of which the discal and subapical ones are much widened towards the posterior margin and the apical crossband being wider than the hyaline space between the subapical and apical, as well as having the legs rufous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF4FFBDFF5FFE9AC2E2FE92" blockId="5.[168,1129,187,404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
The Data Portal of the NHMUK (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF4FFBDFDD2FE9AC3F2FEB2" author="BMNH" box="[590,760,315,340]" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Museum Data Portal" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5519/qd.8pzpcpll" refId="ref7576" refString="BMNH. 2021 a. Euxesta latifasciata. Natural History Museum Data Portal. Available from https://doi.org/10.5519/qd.8pzpcpll (accessed 19 Dec 2021)." title="Euxesta latifasciata" type="book" year="2021">BMNH, 2021a</bibRefCitation>
) refers to a “lectotype and paralectotype,” but no formal lectotype designations have ever been published.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF4FFBDFF5FFEDAC0B8FE72" box="[195,434,379,404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF4FFBDFF5FFEDAC0B8FE72" blockId="5.[168,1129,187,404]" box="[195,434,379,404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF4FFBDFF5FFEDAC05AFE75" box="[195,336,379,403]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Distribution.</emphasis>
Mexico.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF7FFBEFE4AFE15C263FE2A" box="[470,873,435,460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF7FFBEFE4AFE15C263FE2A" blockId="6.[470,873,435,492]" box="[470,873,435,460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<heading id="D09281CEFFF7FFBEFE4AFE15C263FE2A" box="[470,873,435,460]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF7FFBEFE4AFE15C263FE2A" authority="Hendel, 1909" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[470,873,435,460]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obliquestriata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF7FFBEFE4AFE15C3C4FE2D" box="[470,718,435,459]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Euxesta obliquestriata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF7FFBEFD49FE12C263FE2A" author="Hendel, F." box="[725,873,435,460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="151 - 172" refId="ref8241" refString="Hendel, F. 1909. Uber die Gattung Euxesta, Loew. (Dipt.). Annales Museum Nationalis Hungarici 7: 151-172." type="journal article" year="1909">Hendel, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF7FFBEFDFBFE72C3D2FE0A" box="[615,728,467,492]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF7FFBEFDFBFE72C3D2FE0A" blockId="6.[470,873,435,492]" box="[615,728,467,492]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFF7FFBEFDFBFE72C3B5FE0A" box="[615,703,467,492]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[219,282,1060,1081]" captionTargetBox="[205,1141,188,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[200,1144,186,1027]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Wings: (a) Euxesta latifasciata; (b) E. leucomelas (=E. fascipennis); (c) E. wettsteini; (d) E. abdominalis, syntype, MCZ; (e) E. sororcula, type, NHMD; (f) E. obliquestriata, syntype, NHMW. (a–b modified from Wulp (1899); and d modified from EOL site https://eol. org/pages/734579/media). Abbreviations: SA = subapical band; A = apical band; phi – preapical hyaline interspace. Fine black lines show the ratio of SA and phi along vein R4+5 and light blue arrows indicate other characters mentioned in the key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237834/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Figs. 1e</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFF7FFBEFD57FE72C3D2FE0A" box="[715,728,467,492]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="8.[219,282,1255,1276]" captionTargetBox="[200,1144,186,1222]" captionTargetId="figure-70@8.[200,1144,186,1222]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 2. Euxesta obliquestriata (= E. mazorca): (a–d) wing; (e) head, left-side lateral view; (f) head, anterodorsal view; (g) head, left-side lateral view; (h) head, anterodorsal view; (i) habitus, left-side lateral view. (a, c, e, f) type specimen from NHMW: (a) modified from Hendel (1909); (d, i) holotype of E. mazorca, syn. nov.; (b, g–h) adapted from Steyskal (1974)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237836/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF7FFBEFF47FDA5C228FDDA" blockId="6.[192,1153,515,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF7FFBEFF47FDA5C397FDFA" authority="Hendel, 1909: 167" authorityName="Hendel" authorityPageNumber="167" authorityYear="1909" box="[219,669,515,540]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obliquestriata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF7FFBEFF47FDA5C0D8FDFD" box="[219,466,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Euxesta obliquestriata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF7FFBEFE45FDA2C397FDFA" author="Hendel, F." box="[473,669,515,540]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="151 - 172" refId="ref8241" refString="Hendel, F. 1909. Uber die Gattung Euxesta, Loew. (Dipt.). Annales Museum Nationalis Hungarici 7: 151-172." type="journal article" year="1909">Hendel, 1909:167</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(description, diagnosis), 1910:27 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF7FFBEFF5CFD82C07DFDDA" author="Curran, C. H." box="[192,375,547,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref7848" refString="Curran, C. H. 1935. New American Diptera. American Museum Novitates 812: 1-24." type="journal article" year="1935">Curran, 1935:11</bibRefCitation>
(key);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF7FFBEFE59FD82C386FDDA" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[453,652,547,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref8872" refString="Steyskal, G. C. 1968. Family Otitidae (Ortalidae: including Pterocallidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 54. 1-54. 31. In: P. E. Vanzolini &amp; N. Papavero (Eds.). A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Depto. Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, Sao Paulo, Brasil." type="book chapter" year="1968">Steyskal, 1968:54</bibRefCitation>
. 18 (catalog).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF7FFBEFF47FDE5C2C4FD7D" blockId="6.[192,1153,515,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF7FFBEFF47FDE5C36BFDBA" authority="Steyskal, 1974: 73" authorityName="Steyskal" authorityPageNumber="73" authorityYear="1974" box="[219,609,579,604]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazorca">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF7FFBEFF47FDE5C09DFDBD" box="[219,407,580,603]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Euxesta mazorca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF7FFBEFE01FDE2C36BFDBA" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[413,609,579,604]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="73 - 76" refId="ref8975" refString="Steyskal, G. C. 1974. Euxesta mazorca, new species, associated with ears of maize in South America (Diptera: Otitidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 87 (9): 73-76." type="journal article" year="1974">Steyskal, 1974:73</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(description);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF7FFBEFC98FDE2C2E1FDBA" author="Cruz, I. &amp; R. Braga da Silva &amp; M. De Lourdes Correa Figueiredo &amp; A. M. Penteado-Dias &amp; M. C. Laboissiere Del Sarto &amp; G. S. Nuessly" box="[772,1003,579,604]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="102 - 108" refId="ref7754" refString="Cruz, I., R. Braga da Silva, M. De Lourdes Correa Figueiredo, A. M. Penteado-Dias, M. C. Laboissiere Del Sarto &amp; G. S. Nuessly. 2011. Survey of ear flies (Diptera, Ulidiidae) in maize (Zea mays L.) and a new record of Euxesta mazorca Steyskal in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 55 (1): 102-108. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262011000100016" type="journal article" year="2011">Cruz et al., 2011:103</bibRefCitation>
(record from Brazil);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF7FFBEFE83FDC2C0B5FD9A" author="Diaz, W." box="[287,447,611,636]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="51 - 53" refId="ref7869" refString="Diaz, W. 1982. Danos de Euxesta eluta y E. mazorca (Dipt.: Otitidae) sobre maices amilaceos en la costa central del Peru. Revista Peruana de Entomologia 25: 51-53." type="journal article" year="1982">Díaz, 1982:51</bibRefCitation>
(record from Peru);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF7FFBEFD25FDC2C2BDFD9A" author="Huepe, S. G. &amp; H. C. Vargas &amp; D. L. Frias &amp; D. G. Bobadilla" box="[697,951,611,636]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="17 - 24" refId="ref8307" refString="Huepe, S. G., H. C. Vargas, D. L. Frias &amp; D. G. Bobadilla. 1986. Estudio morfologico y ecologico de Euxesta eluta Loew y Euxesta mazorca Steyskal (Diptera: Otitidae) en cultivares de maiz en El Valle de Lluta, Arica. Revista Chilena de Entomologia 14: 17-24." type="journal article" year="1986">Huepe et al., 1986:17</bibRefCitation>
, 18 (record from Chile);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF7FFBEFE8FFD22C341FD7A" author="Bertolaccini, I., C. &amp; Bouzo, N. &amp; Larsen &amp; C. Favaro" box="[275,587,643,668]" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="123 - 126" part="69" refId="ref7446" refString="Bertolaccini, I., C. Bouzo, N. Larsen &amp; C. Favaro. 2010. Especies del genero Euxesta (Diptera: Ulidiidae = Otitidae) plagas de maicesdulces Bt en la Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 69 (1 - 2): 123-126." title="Especies del genero Euxesta (Diptera: Ulidiidae = Otitidae) plagas de maicesdulces Bt en la Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina" type="journal article" year="2010">Bertolaccini et al., 2010:215</bibRefCitation>
(record from Argentina);
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF7FFBEFCECFD22C2C4FD7D" bold="true" box="[880,974,643,667]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">syn. nov.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF7FFBEFF47FD05C029FADA" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF7FFBEFF47FD05C245FC7A" blockId="6.[192,1153,515,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF7FFBEFF47FD05C094FD5D" box="[219,414,676,699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Type Specimens.</emphasis>
Syntypes:
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF7FFBEFDACFD05C239FD5D" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[560,819,675,699]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obliquestriata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF7FFBEFDACFD05C239FD5D" box="[560,819,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Euxesta obliquestriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF7FFBEFCD1FD02C396FCFA" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
1 ♀, BOLIVIA, labeled: “Meshagua, Bolivia / Songo”; “
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF7FFBEFDA8FD62C39BFD3A" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1868" box="[564,657,707,732]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euxesta</taxonomicName>
/ obliquestriata H. det. F. Hendel”; “coll. Hendel”; “Paratype” [yellow paper]; “Syntype
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF7FFBEFD59FD42C545FD1A" authority="Hendel 1909" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[709,1103,739,764]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obliquestriata">
Euxesta obliquestriata
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF7FFBEFC5EFD42C545FD1A" author="Hendel, F." box="[962,1103,739,764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="151 - 172" refId="ref8241" refString="Hendel, F. 1909. Uber die Gattung Euxesta, Loew. (Dipt.). Annales Museum Nationalis Hungarici 7: 151-172." type="journal article" year="1909">Hendel 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
des. Korneyev &amp; Kameneva 2001” (NHMW).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF7FFBEFD39FCA2C0DAFCDA" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">1 ♂, labeled: “Mapiri/2000m, 4.V.[19]03 / Lorenzopata” (SMTD).</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF7FFBEFE45FC82C027FCBA" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">1 ♀, labeled: “Bolivia-Mapiri / IV.[19]03 / S. Carlos 800m” (SMTD).</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF7FFBEFEABFCE2C58AFCBA" box="[311,1152,835,862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">1 ♀, BRAZIL, labeled: “Stiglmayr / Rio Gr. [ande] do Sul” (HNHM).</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF7FFBEFF5CFCC2C242FC9A" box="[192,840,867,894]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">2 ♀, BRAZIL, labeled: “Theresopolis / Brasil” (HNHM).</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF7FFBEFCCDFCC2C245FC7A" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">1 ♀, PARAGUAY, labeled: “Vezényi / Asuncion 1904” (HNHM) (examined by EPK).</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF7FFBEFF47FC02C333FBFA" blockId="6.[192,1153,515,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
Holotype,
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF7FFBEFECFFC05C305FC5D" authorityName="Steyskal" authorityYear="1974" box="[339,527,932,955]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazorca">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF7FFBEFECFFC05C305FC5D" box="[339,527,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Euxesta mazorca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF7FFBEFD82FC05C333FBFA" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
♀, ECUADOR, labeled: “Quito Equa/2500m alt. | Estac. exper. / Sta Cataline / Aug 1966 / V. Vazquez | Feeding on tip of corn ear # xs 218”; “HOLOTYPE /
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF7FFBEFEE0FC42C0DCFC1A" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1868" box="[380,470,995,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euxesta</taxonomicName>
/ mazorca / Steyskal \ USNM 72830” [Steyskal handwriting on red paper rectangle] (USNM).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF7FFBEFF47FB82C089FB9A" blockId="6.[192,1153,515,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
Allotype and Paratypes,
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF7FFBEFE69FB85C3BEFBDD" authorityName="Steyskal" authorityYear="1974" box="[501,692,1060,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazorca">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF7FFBEFE69FB85C3BEFBDD" box="[501,692,1060,1083]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Euxesta mazorca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF7FFBEFD58FB82C089FB9A" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">1 ♂ allotype, 3 ♂, 1 ♀ paratypes, same labels as holotype except for “ALLOTYPE” and “PARATYPE” (USNM) (examined by EPK in 2001).</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF7FFBEFF47FB22C029FADA" blockId="6.[192,1153,515,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF7FFBEFF47FB22C35BFB7D" box="[219,593,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Additional Specimens Examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF7FFBEFDC0FB22C38FFB5A" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">1 ♂, ARGENTINA: Salta: Rosario de Lerma, Malaise trap, 21–25.XII.1983 (CSCA);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF7FFBEFD0EFB02C2E2FB5A" box="[658,1000,1187,1214]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">2 ♂, 10–14.XI.1983 (CSCA);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF7FFBEFC69FB02C33EFB3A" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">1 ♀, 17–18. XI.1983, M. Wasbauer (CSCA).</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF7FFBEFDA1FB62C364FAFA" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">1 ♀, BOLIVIA: Prov. La Paz: Cumbre Alto Beni, vicinity of Caranavi, 1685 m, 15°40′19″S 67°29′35″W, Malaise Trap, 15–21. IV. 2004, S. D. Gaimari &amp; M. Hauser (CSCA);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF7FFBEFDEBFAA2C029FADA" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">1 ♀, 16.VI.2004, S. D. Gaimari &amp; M. Hauser (CSCA).</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF7FFBFFF47FAE2C021FA7A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF7FFBFFF47FAE2C21BFE92" blockId="6.[192,1153,515,1724]" lastBlockId="7.[168,1128,187,372]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF7FFBEFF47FAE2C04EFABD" box="[219,324,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF7FFBEFED7FAE2C310FABA" author="Hendel, F." box="[331,538,1347,1372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="151 - 172" refId="ref8241" refString="Hendel, F. 1909. Uber die Gattung Euxesta, Loew. (Dipt.). Annales Museum Nationalis Hungarici 7: 151-172." type="journal article" year="1909">Hendel (1909:155)</bibRefCitation>
differentiated this species from
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF7FFBEFC1FFAE5C502FABD" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[899,1032,1347,1371]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororcula">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF7FFBEFC1FFAE5C502FABD" box="[899,1032,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">E. sororcula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as having: “die Spitzenbinde ist breiter als der glashelle Zwischenraum davor. Aussenrand der zweiten Querbinde concav” [the apical band wider than the hyaline interspace before it. Outer edge of the second crossband concave]. He described the species as closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF7FFBEFEA8FA65C0B1FA3D" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[308,443,1475,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororcula">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF7FFBEFEA8FA65C0B1FA3D" box="[308,443,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">E. sororcula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF7FFBEFE6AFA65C398FA3D" authorityName="Wulp" authorityYear="1899" box="[502,658,1475,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifasciata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF7FFBEFE6AFA65C398FA3D" box="[502,658,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">E. latifasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and easily confused with them. It is distinguished from the former by the always slightly concave, non-convex outer edge of the discal wing band, the shape of the subapical crossband, which is much wider posteriorly and covers the crossvein dm-m almost in the middle, not at the proximal edge, and the much wider apical band, which is always wider than the narrow hyaline interspace before it. In
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF7FFBEFECDF9C5C0D2F99D" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[337,472,1635,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororcula">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF7FFBEFECDF9C5C0D2F99D" box="[337,472,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">E. sororcula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, according to Hendel (loc. cit.), the interspace between the discal and subapical bands is more oblique and curved in a way that its concavity is on the proximal margin. The costal band is narrower than the interspace proximal to it.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF6FFBFFF5AFF1AC06FFF32" author="Hendel, F." box="[198,357,187,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" pagination="151 - 172" refId="ref8241" refString="Hendel, F. 1909. Uber die Gattung Euxesta, Loew. (Dipt.). Annales Museum Nationalis Hungarici 7: 151-172." type="journal article" year="1909">Hendel (1909)</bibRefCitation>
mentions that
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF6FFBFFD91FF1DC3A2FF35" authorityName="Wulp" authorityYear="1899" box="[525,680,187,211]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifasciata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF6FFBFFD91FF1DC3A2FF35" box="[525,680,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">E. latifasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs according to the description and illustration by the scutellum reddish posteriorly and reddish legs, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF6FFBFFC6CFF7DC1F9FEF5" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obliquestriata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF6FFBFFC6CFF7DC1F9FEF5" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">E. obliquestriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fits Loew’s description of
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF6FFBFFDADFF5DC3B6FEF5" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[561,700,251,275]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororcula">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF6FFBFFDADFF5DC3B6FEF5" box="[561,700,251,275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">E. sororcula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The wing pattern of
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF6FFBFFC59FF5DC56DFEF5" authorityName="Wulp" authorityYear="1899" box="[965,1127,251,275]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifasciata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF6FFBFFC59FF5DC56DFEF5" box="[965,1127,251,275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">E. latifasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF6FFBFFEECFEBDC32AFED5" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[368,544,283,307]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obliquestriata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF6FFBFFEECFEBDC32AFED5" box="[368,544,283,307]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">E obliquestriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except for the shape of the hyaline interspace proximal to the wing apex, which is concave outside instead of on the inside. Body (without ovipositor) and wing 4–5 mm long (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF6FFBFFDA7FEFAC20FFE92" author="Hendel, F." box="[571,773,347,372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" pagination="151 - 172" refId="ref8241" refString="Hendel, F. 1909. Uber die Gattung Euxesta, Loew. (Dipt.). Annales Museum Nationalis Hungarici 7: 151-172." type="journal article" year="1909">Hendel, 1909:167</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF6FFBFFF5FFE37C3EAFE49" blockId="7.[195,736,406,431]" box="[195,736,406,431]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF6FFBFFF5FFE37C065FE49" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[195,367,406,431]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" pagination="73 - 76" refId="ref8975" refString="Steyskal, G. C. 1974. Euxesta mazorca, new species, associated with ears of maize in South America (Diptera: Otitidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 87 (9): 73-76." type="journal article" year="1974">Steyskal (1974)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF6FFBFFE7BFE36C369FE48" authorityName="Steyskal" authorityYear="1974" box="[487,611,407,430]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazorca">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF6FFBFFE7BFE36C369FE48" box="[487,611,407,430]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">E. mazorca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as follows:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF6FFBFFF5FFE62C3DFFD7A" blockId="7.[168,1129,451,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">
“Length of wing 4.0–4.8 mm. Agrees with
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF6FFBFFD01FE65C259FE3D" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[669,851,451,475]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obliquestriata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF6FFBFFD01FE65C259FE3D" box="[669,851,451,475]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">E. obliquestriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in basic pattern of wing, interantennal space of same color as lower parts of face (not dull black), wholly dark metallic blue-green abdomen, and largely black legs. Head as in
<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFF6FFBFFC56FDA2C51AFDFA" box="[970,1040,515,540]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="8.[219,282,1255,1276]" captionTargetBox="[200,1144,186,1222]" captionTargetId="figure-70@8.[200,1144,186,1222]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 2. Euxesta obliquestriata (= E. mazorca): (a–d) wing; (e) head, left-side lateral view; (f) head, anterodorsal view; (g) head, left-side lateral view; (h) head, anterodorsal view; (i) habitus, left-side lateral view. (a, c, e, f) type specimen from NHMW: (a) modified from Hendel (1909); (d, i) holotype of E. mazorca, syn. nov.; (b, g–h) adapted from Steyskal (1974)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237836/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
; largely yellowish, metallic greenish on frontal triangle, parafrontal plates, vertex, and occiput; middle of face and sides of clypeus infuscated to variable extent; antenna usually wholly orange, but 3rd segment sometimes a little infuscated above; front largely almost polished, narrow orbits silvery tomentose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF6FFBFFF5FFD02C36FFCFA" blockId="7.[168,1129,451,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">Thorax wholly metallic greenish, mesoscutum lightly pale grayish tomentose with indistinct more blackish arcuate postsutural transverse band, especially evident above wing bases; scutellum blackish. Angle between line connecting posterior dorsocentral bristles and each acrostichal bristle 45°.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF6FFBFFF5FFC82C36BFC9A" blockId="7.[168,1129,451,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">Legs largely metallic greenish; forecoxa (except basilateral oval dark spot), most of inner face of forefemur, fore- and midbasitarsi, hindbasitarsus (except more or less of tip), and distal end of forefemur tawny.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF6FFBFFF5FFC22C3B7FBBA" blockId="7.[168,1129,451,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">
Wing as in
<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFF6FFBFFEDCFC22C08AFC7A" box="[320,384,899,924]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[219,282,1060,1081]" captionTargetBox="[205,1141,188,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[200,1144,186,1027]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Wings: (a) Euxesta latifasciata; (b) E. leucomelas (=E. fascipennis); (c) E. wettsteini; (d) E. abdominalis, syntype, MCZ; (e) E. sororcula, type, NHMD; (f) E. obliquestriata, syntype, NHMW. (a–b modified from Wulp (1899); and d modified from EOL site https://eol. org/pages/734579/media). Abbreviations: SA = subapical band; A = apical band; phi – preapical hyaline interspace. Fine black lines show the ratio of SA and phi along vein R4+5 and light blue arrows indicate other characters mentioned in the key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237834/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
[=
<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFF6FFBFFE03FC22C0E5FC7A" box="[415,495,899,924]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="8.[219,282,1255,1276]" captionTargetBox="[200,1144,186,1222]" captionTargetId="figure-70@8.[200,1144,186,1222]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 2. Euxesta obliquestriata (= E. mazorca): (a–d) wing; (e) head, left-side lateral view; (f) head, anterodorsal view; (g) head, left-side lateral view; (h) head, anterodorsal view; (i) habitus, left-side lateral view. (a, c, e, f) type specimen from NHMW: (a) modified from Hendel (1909); (d, i) holotype of E. mazorca, syn. nov.; (b, g–h) adapted from Steyskal (1974)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237836/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
in the present work] medial hyaline band attaining costa in nearly full width, impinging on only small apical part of 1st vein (R
<subScript id="17E134E7FFF6FFBFFC7CFC15C2E2FC24" attach="left" box="[992,1000,948,962]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">1</subScript>
); preapical hyaline band somewhat narrower than apical brown band; section of 4th vein crossing preapical hyaline band about equal in length to apical section in brown area; length of apical brown area in discal cell less than half as great on 5th vein as on 4th vein; brown area in base of 2nd costal cell squarish, not extended along costa; extension of tip of anal cell about as long as greatest width of cell.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF6FFBFFF5FFBC2C2CFFB9A" blockId="7.[168,1129,451,1724]" box="[195,965,1123,1148]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">Abdomen wholly metallic bluish green, very lightly pale tomentose.”</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF6FFBFFF5FFB22C547FB5A" blockId="7.[168,1129,451,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">
Steyskal wrote that the type series of
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF6FFBFFDF3FB25C3E6FB7D" authorityName="Steyskal" authorityYear="1974" box="[623,748,1156,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazorca">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF6FFBFFDF3FB25C3E6FB7D" box="[623,748,1156,1179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">E. mazorca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had previously been identified as
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF6FFBFFF34FB05C06CFB5D" box="[168,358,1187,1211]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF6FFBFFF34FB05C069FB5D" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[168,355,1187,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obliquestriata">E. obliquestriata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Nonetheless, he did not compare these two nominal species at all.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF6FFBFFF5FFB62C021FA7A" blockId="7.[168,1129,451,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">
In 2001, EPK studied the type series of both
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF6FFBFFD5BFB65C275FB3D" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[711,895,1219,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obliquestriata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF6FFBFFD5BFB65C275FB3D" box="[711,895,1219,1243]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">E. obliquestriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF6FFBFFC25FB65C53FFB3D" authorityName="Steyskal" authorityYear="1974" box="[953,1077,1220,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazorca">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF6FFBFFC25FB65C53FFB3D" box="[953,1077,1220,1243]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">E. mazorca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and found no essential characters to distinguish them; all the minor differences in coloration and wing pattern are variable, leaving no gap between them. We consider these species to be conspecific and thus the names to be synonyms. The wing depicted in
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF6FFBFFF34FAE2C043FABA" author="Hendel, F." box="[168,329,1347,1372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref8269" refString="Hendel, F. 1910. Diptera, Fam. Muscaridae, Subfam. Ulidiinae, Fascicle 106, pp. 1-76. In: Wytsman (Ed.). Genera Insectorum. Bruxelles." type="book chapter" year="1910">Hendel (1910)</bibRefCitation>
(see
<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFF6FFBFFE1EFAE2C0D8FABA" box="[386,466,1347,1372]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="8.[219,282,1255,1276]" captionTargetBox="[200,1144,186,1222]" captionTargetId="figure-70@8.[200,1144,186,1222]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 2. Euxesta obliquestriata (= E. mazorca): (a–d) wing; (e) head, left-side lateral view; (f) head, anterodorsal view; (g) head, left-side lateral view; (h) head, anterodorsal view; (i) habitus, left-side lateral view. (a, c, e, f) type specimen from NHMW: (a) modified from Hendel (1909); (d, i) holotype of E. mazorca, syn. nov.; (b, g–h) adapted from Steyskal (1974)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237836/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
) has some differences from our illustration made from the same wing of the same specimen (
<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFF6FFBFFDBBFAC2C37FFA9A" box="[551,629,1379,1404]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="8.[219,282,1255,1276]" captionTargetBox="[200,1144,186,1222]" captionTargetId="figure-70@8.[200,1144,186,1222]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 2. Euxesta obliquestriata (= E. mazorca): (a–d) wing; (e) head, left-side lateral view; (f) head, anterodorsal view; (g) head, left-side lateral view; (h) head, anterodorsal view; (i) habitus, left-side lateral view. (a, c, e, f) type specimen from NHMW: (a) modified from Hendel (1909); (d, i) holotype of E. mazorca, syn. nov.; (b, g–h) adapted from Steyskal (1974)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237836/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
) and does not show differences from that of
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF6FFBFFF34FA25C02EFA7D" authorityName="Steyskal" authorityYear="1974" box="[168,292,1412,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazorca">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF6FFBFFF34FA25C02EFA7D" box="[168,292,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">E. mazorca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF6FFBFFF5FFA02C0CDFA1A" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF6FFBFFF5FFA02C0CDFA1A" blockId="7.[168,1129,451,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF6FFBFFF5FFA02C05AFA5D" box="[195,336,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">Distribution.</emphasis>
Argentina (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF6FFBFFE42FA02C3B9FA5A" author="Bertolaccini, I., C. &amp; Bouzo, N. &amp; Larsen &amp; C. Favaro" box="[478,691,1443,1468]" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" pagination="123 - 126" part="69" refId="ref7446" refString="Bertolaccini, I., C. Bouzo, N. Larsen &amp; C. Favaro. 2010. Especies del genero Euxesta (Diptera: Ulidiidae = Otitidae) plagas de maicesdulces Bt en la Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 69 (1 - 2): 123-126." title="Especies del genero Euxesta (Diptera: Ulidiidae = Otitidae) plagas de maicesdulces Bt en la Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina" type="journal article" year="2010">Bertolaccini, 2010</bibRefCitation>
), Colombia, Ecuador, Peru (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF6FFBFFB9DFA02C1EBFA3A" author="Steyskal, G. C." pageId="7" pageNumber="156" pagination="73 - 76" refId="ref8975" refString="Steyskal, G. C. 1974. Euxesta mazorca, new species, associated with ears of maize in South America (Diptera: Otitidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 87 (9): 73-76." type="journal article" year="1974">Steyskal, 1974</bibRefCitation>
), Chile (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF6FFBFFED9FA62C315FA3A" author="Huepe, S. G. &amp; H. C. Vargas &amp; D. L. Frias &amp; D. G. Bobadilla" box="[325,543,1475,1500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" pagination="17 - 24" refId="ref8307" refString="Huepe, S. G., H. C. Vargas, D. L. Frias &amp; D. G. Bobadilla. 1986. Estudio morfologico y ecologico de Euxesta eluta Loew y Euxesta mazorca Steyskal (Diptera: Otitidae) en cultivares de maiz en El Valle de Lluta, Arica. Revista Chilena de Entomologia 14: 17-24." type="journal article" year="1986">Huepe et al., 1986</bibRefCitation>
), Brazil (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF6FFBFFD16FA62C22CFA3A" author="Hendel, F." box="[650,806,1475,1500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" pagination="151 - 172" refId="ref8241" refString="Hendel, F. 1909. Uber die Gattung Euxesta, Loew. (Dipt.). Annales Museum Nationalis Hungarici 7: 151-172." type="journal article" year="1909">Hendel, 1909</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF6FFBFFCA8FA62C2F0FA3A" author="Cruz, I. &amp; R. Braga da Silva &amp; M. De Lourdes Correa Figueiredo &amp; A. M. Penteado-Dias &amp; M. C. Laboissiere Del Sarto &amp; G. S. Nuessly" box="[820,1018,1475,1500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" pagination="102 - 108" refId="ref7754" refString="Cruz, I., R. Braga da Silva, M. De Lourdes Correa Figueiredo, A. M. Penteado-Dias, M. C. Laboissiere Del Sarto &amp; G. S. Nuessly. 2011. Survey of ear flies (Diptera, Ulidiidae) in maize (Zea mays L.) and a new record of Euxesta mazorca Steyskal in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 55 (1): 102-108. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262011000100016" type="journal article" year="2011">Cruz et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
), Bolivia, Paraguay (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF6FFBFFEBCFA42C0B1FA1A" author="Hendel, F." box="[288,443,1507,1532]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" pagination="151 - 172" refId="ref8241" refString="Hendel, F. 1909. Uber die Gattung Euxesta, Loew. (Dipt.). Annales Museum Nationalis Hungarici 7: 151-172." type="journal article" year="1909">Hendel, 1909</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF6FFB0FF5FF9A2C2D4FA2A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF6FFB0FF5FF9A2C2D4FA2A" blockId="7.[168,1129,451,1724]" lastBlockId="8.[192,1152,1427,1484]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF6FFBFFF5FF9A2C24AF9FD" box="[195,832,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">
Biology and Economic Importance.
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF6FFBFFDD5F9A5C24AF9FD" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[585,832,1539,1563]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obliquestriata">Euxesta obliquestriata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is considered a major pest of sweet corn (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF6FFBFFECDF982C0C2F9DA" author="Diaz, W." box="[337,456,1571,1596]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" pagination="51 - 53" refId="ref7869" refString="Diaz, W. 1982. Danos de Euxesta eluta y E. mazorca (Dipt.: Otitidae) sobre maices amilaceos en la costa central del Peru. Revista Peruana de Entomologia 25: 51-53." type="journal article" year="1982">Díaz 1982</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF6FFBFFE49F982C397F9DA" author="Huepe, S. G. &amp; H. C. Vargas &amp; D. L. Frias &amp; D. G. Bobadilla" box="[469,669,1571,1596]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" pagination="17 - 24" refId="ref8307" refString="Huepe, S. G., H. C. Vargas, D. L. Frias &amp; D. G. Bobadilla. 1986. Estudio morfologico y ecologico de Euxesta eluta Loew y Euxesta mazorca Steyskal (Diptera: Otitidae) en cultivares de maiz en El Valle de Lluta, Arica. Revista Chilena de Entomologia 14: 17-24." type="journal article" year="1986">Huepe et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
[as
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF6FFBFFD50F985C243F9DD" authorityName="Steyskal" authorityYear="1974" box="[716,841,1572,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazorca">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF6FFBFFD50F985C243F9DD" box="[716,841,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">E. mazorca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]), along with some other
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF6FFBFFF34F9E2C02BF9BD" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1868" box="[168,289,1603,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Chaetopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF6FFBFFF34F9E2C02BF9BD" box="[168,289,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">Chaetopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF6FFBFFEC4F9E5C30DF9BA" box="[344,519,1603,1628]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF6FFBFFEC4F9E5C0B8F9BD" box="[344,434,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">Euxesta</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, but it is not clear if they infest corn only as secondary invaders, together with the other species, or as independent pests. Also, it is not always clear whether the species was identified by an expert, and therefore some specimens reported in the literature as
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF6FFBFFE7FF905C390F95D" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[483,666,1699,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obliquestriata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF6FFBFFE7FF905C390F95D" box="[483,666,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">E. obliquestriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may refer to other species. However, it is obvious that it is widespread throughout the tropics of the New World, where it is a native pest associated with corn plantations not treated with pesticides.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

167
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<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF9FFB0FE57FA53C27FF9EC" box="[459,885,1521,1546]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF9FFB0FE57FA53C27FF9EC" blockId="8.[459,885,1521,1578]" box="[459,885,1521,1546]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">
<heading id="D09281CEFFF9FFB0FE57FA53C27FF9EC" box="[459,885,1521,1546]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF9FFB0FE57FA53C27FF9EC" ID-CoL="8C4V8" authority="(Wiedemann, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[459,885,1521,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororcula">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF9FFB0FE57FA53C39BF9EF" box="[459,657,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Euxesta sororcula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF9FFB0FD03FA50C267F9EC" author="Wiedemann, C. R. W." box="[671,877,1521,1546]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" refId="ref9268" refString="Wiedemann, C. R. W. 1830. Aussereuropaische Zweiflugelige Insekten. Vol. 2. Schulz, Hamm, xii + 684 pp." type="book" year="1830">Wiedemann, 1830</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF9FFB0FDFAF9B0C3D0F9CC" box="[614,730,1553,1578]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF9FFB0FDFAF9B0C3D0F9CC" blockId="8.[459,885,1521,1578]" box="[614,730,1553,1578]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">
<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFF9FFB0FDFAF9B0C3CAF9CC" box="[614,704,1553,1578]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[219,282,1060,1081]" captionTargetBox="[205,1141,188,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[200,1144,186,1027]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Wings: (a) Euxesta latifasciata; (b) E. leucomelas (=E. fascipennis); (c) E. wettsteini; (d) E. abdominalis, syntype, MCZ; (e) E. sororcula, type, NHMD; (f) E. obliquestriata, syntype, NHMW. (a–b modified from Wulp (1899); and d modified from EOL site https://eol. org/pages/734579/media). Abbreviations: SA = subapical band; A = apical band; phi – preapical hyaline interspace. Fine black lines show the ratio of SA and phi along vein R4+5 and light blue arrows indicate other characters mentioned in the key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237834/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Figs. 1d</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFF9FFB0FD51F9B0C3D0F9CC" box="[717,730,1553,1578]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[195,258,788,809]" captionTargetBox="[176,1120,186,757]" captionTargetId="figure-342@9.[176,1120,186,757]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Euxesta sororcula. (a–d) Texas additional specimen; (e–i) syntype, NHMD. (a) habitus, left-side lateral view; (b) wing; (c) head, anterodorsal view; (d) habitus, dorsal view and labels; (e) habitus, left-side lateral view and labels; (f) wing; (g) head, left-side lateral view; (h–i) head, anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237838/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF9FFB0FF47F9E0C38BF95C" blockId="8.[192,1152,1601,1722]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF9FFB0FF47F9E0C39EF9BC" authority="Wiedemann, 1830: 463" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityPageNumber="463" authorityYear="1830" box="[219,660,1601,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororcula">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF9FFB0FF47F9E0C099F9BF" box="[219,403,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Ortalis sororcula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF9FFB0FE06F9E0C39EF9BC" author="Wiedemann, C. R. W." box="[410,660,1601,1626]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" refId="ref9268" refString="Wiedemann, C. R. W. 1830. Aussereuropaische Zweiflugelige Insekten. Vol. 2. Schulz, Hamm, xii + 684 pp." type="book" year="1830">Wiedemann, 1830:463</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(original description).
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF9FFB0FF47F9C3C376F99C" authority="Hendel, 1909: 154" authorityName="Hendel" authorityPageNumber="154" authorityYear="1909" box="[219,636,1633,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororcula">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF9FFB0FF47F9C3C0ACF99F" box="[219,422,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Euxesta sororcula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF9FFB0FE2EF9C0C376F99C" author="Hendel, F." box="[434,636,1633,1658]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="151 - 172" refId="ref8241" refString="Hendel, F. 1909. Uber die Gattung Euxesta, Loew. (Dipt.). Annales Museum Nationalis Hungarici 7: 151-172." type="journal article" year="1909">Hendel, 1909:154</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(key), 167 (comparison), 1910:28 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF9FFB0FF5CF920C070F97C" author="Curran, C. H." box="[192,378,1665,1690]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref7848" refString="Curran, C. H. 1935. New American Diptera. American Museum Novitates 812: 1-24." type="journal article" year="1935">Curran, 1935:11</bibRefCitation>
(key);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF9FFB0FE50F920C39CF97C" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[460,662,1665,1690]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref8872" refString="Steyskal, G. C. 1968. Family Otitidae (Ortalidae: including Pterocallidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 54. 1-54. 31. In: P. E. Vanzolini &amp; N. Papavero (Eds.). A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Depto. Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, Sao Paulo, Brasil." type="book chapter" year="1968">Steyskal, 1968:54</bibRefCitation>
. 19 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF9FFB0FCA6F920C54AF97C" author="Martos-Tupes, A." box="[826,1088,1665,1690]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="55 - 64" refId="ref8531" refString="Martos-Tupes, A. 1982. Aspectos de la biologia y comportamiento de Euxesta sororcula W. (Diptera-Otitidae) plaga del maiz. Revista Peruana de Entomologia 25 (1): 55-64." type="journal article" year="1982">Martos-Tupes, 1982:55</bibRefCitation>
(pest status);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF9FFB0FE84F900C309F95C" author="Kameneva, E. P." box="[280,515,1697,1722]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="609 - 652" refId="ref8373" refString="Kameneva, E. P. 2004. New records of picture-winged flies (Diptera, Ulidiidae) of Central America, including the description of new taxa. Studia Dipterologica (2003) 10 (2): 609-652." type="journal article" year="2004">Kameneva, 2004:619</bibRefCitation>
(material).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1A662AFFF8FFB1FF5FFCB5C010FC9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237838" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15237838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237838/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="158" startId="9.[195,258,788,809]" targetBox="[176,1120,186,757]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF8FFB1FF5FFCB5C010FC9B" blockId="9.[168,1129,788,893]" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">
Figure 3.
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF8FFB1FEB3FCB5C0DDFCCF" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[303,471,788,809]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororcula">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF8FFB1FEB3FCB5C0DDFCCF" box="[303,471,788,809]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">Euxesta sororcula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (a–d) Texas additional specimen; (e–i) syntype, NHMD. (a) habitus, left-side lateral view; (b) wing; (c) head, anterodorsal view; (d) habitus, dorsal view and labels; (e) habitus, left-side lateral view and labels; (f) wing; (g) head, left-side lateral view; (h–i) head, anterodorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF8FFB1FF5FFC15C0DDFC0A" pageId="9" pageNumber="158" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF8FFB1FF5FFC15C0DDFC0A" blockId="9.[168,1129,947,1708]" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF8FFB1FF5FFC15C07FFC2C" box="[195,373,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">Type Specimen.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FEE3FC12C0DDFC0A" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">
Syntype ♂, BRAZIL, labeled: “
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF8FFB1FD6DFC12C525FC2A" authority="W. Amer." authorityName="W. Amer." box="[753,1071,947,972]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororcula">Ortalis sororcula W. Amer.</taxonomicName>
[ica] mer. [idionalis]” (NHMD).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF8FFB1FF5FFC52C2CAF98A" pageId="9" pageNumber="158" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF8FFB1FF5FFC52C2CAF98A" blockId="9.[168,1129,947,1708]" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF8FFB1FF5FFC52C33EFBED" box="[195,564,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">Additional Specimens Examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FDA7FC52C29CFBCA" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">1 ♂, BOLIVIA: Prov. La Paz: Mapiri, 640 m, ex lights, 15°18′26″S 68°13′14″W, 10.IV.2004, S. D. Gaimari (CSCA);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FC02FBB2C260FBAA" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">1 ♀, 680 m, along road, 15°18′48″S 68°13′27″W, 11.IV.2004, S. D. Gaimari (CSCA);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FCECFB92C0BFFB6A" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">1 ♀, Alto San Lorenzo Valley, vicinity of Caranavi, 1400 m, 15°47′48″S 67°28′11″W, flowering tree, 17.IV.2004, S. D. Gaimari (CSCA).</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FE21FBD2C527FB6A" box="[445,1069,1139,1165]" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">1 ♀, BRAZIL: “Brasilia / Coll. Winthem”, (NHMW);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FBABFBD2C3FDFB4A" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">
1 ♀, “Brasilien”
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF8FFB1FEB1FB32C360FB4A" authority=", Alte Sammlung" authorityName="Alte Sammlung" box="[301,618,1171,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororcula">“sororcula, Alte Sammlung</taxonomicName>
” (NHMW).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FD63FB32C00CFB0A" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">1 ♀, COSTA RICA: Prov. Alajuela: E San Gerardo, S San Cristobal, S Palo Seco, 600 m, 24–28.IV.2000, Bricefio (INBC);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FE91FB72C53BFB0A" box="[269,1073,1235,1261]" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">1 ♀, Prov. Cartago: Turrialba, La Suiza, 31.VIII.1924, Schild (USNM);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FBA5FB72C00CFACA" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">1 ♀, Prov. Guanacaste: 9 km S Santa Cecilia, Est. Pitilla, 700 m, 31.III–15.IV.1992 Rios (INBC);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FE91FAB2C078FAAA" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">2 ♂, Prov. Puntarenas: Peninsula de Osa, Rancho Quemado, 200 m, II.1992, Quesada (INBC).</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FEE6FA92C524FAAA" box="[378,1070,1331,1357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">2 ♀, GUATEMALA: Antigua, 1.IX.1951, Painter (USNM);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FBABFA92C3C2FA8A" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">1 ♂, Lake Atitlán, 20.VIII.1965, Spangler (USNM).</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FD4DFAF2C55BFA6A" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">1 ♀, HONDURAS: Dept. Francisco Morazan Zambrano: 40 km NW Tegucigalpa, 17.XI.1987, Knutson (USNM);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FBC7FAD2C364FA4A" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">1 ♂, 1 ♀, 24.XII.1965, Freytag (USNM).</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FDEAFA32C527FA2A" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">1? MEXICO: Puebla: 5 km S Huapanapan (Hwy 125), 6015ft, 18°06′30″S 97°41′13″W, 22.X.2004, C. L. Bellamy (CSCA);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FBAAFA12C3B8FA0A" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">1 ♀, [Veracruz], Orizaba, 1871, Bilimek (NHMW).</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FD25FA72C0ABF9EA" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">2 ♀, U.S.A.: Texas: Donna, 8.X.1933, J. W. Monk (TAMU);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FE35FA52C562F9EA" box="[425,1128,1523,1549]" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">1 ♀, Tex. [Texas]: Alamo, 12.I.1984, Paul T. Riherd (TAMU);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FF34F9B2C1FEF98A" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">
1 ♂, Texas: Govt Springs, Grapevine Hills, Big Bend Nat Park,
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFF8FFB1FCF1F9B2C1CEF9AD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sphaeralcea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF8FFB1FCF1F9B2C1CEF9AD" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">Sphaeralcea angustifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 1.IX.1971, E. E. Grissell, R. F. Denno Col (UCDC),
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF8FFB1FCB9F992C1E7F98D" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">new country record, new state record</emphasis>
.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFF8FFB1FF67F9F2C2CAF98A" box="[251,960,1619,1644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">2? VENEZUELA: “Lindig/1864 / Venezuela”, 2 ex. (NHMW).</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFF8FFB1FF5FF9D2C55EF94A" pageId="9" pageNumber="158" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFF8FFB1FF5FF9D2C55EF94A" blockId="9.[168,1129,947,1708]" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFF8FFB1FF5FF9D2C059F96D" box="[195,339,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="158">Distribution.</emphasis>
Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF8FFB1FC90F9D2C2DCF96A" author="Kameneva, E. P." box="[780,982,1651,1676]" pageId="9" pageNumber="158" pagination="609 - 652" refId="ref8373" refString="Kameneva, E. P. 2004. New records of picture-winged flies (Diptera, Ulidiidae) of Central America, including the description of new taxa. Studia Dipterologica (2003) 10 (2): 609-652." type="journal article" year="2004">Kameneva, 2004</bibRefCitation>
), Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico, Peru (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFF8FFB1FE60F932C3A9F94A" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[508,675,1683,1708]" pageId="9" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref8872" refString="Steyskal, G. C. 1968. Family Otitidae (Ortalidae: including Pterocallidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 54. 1-54. 31. In: P. E. Vanzolini &amp; N. Papavero (Eds.). A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Depto. Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, Sao Paulo, Brasil." type="book chapter" year="1968">Steyskal, 1968</bibRefCitation>
), Venezuela, USA (Texas) (this study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFFBFFB2FE71FF1DC258FF32" blockId="10.[493,850,187,244]" box="[493,850,187,212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<heading id="D09281CEFFFBFFB2FE71FF1DC258FF32" box="[493,850,187,212]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFBFFB2FE71FF1DC258FF32" ID-CoL="3DFKN" authority="Hendel, 1909" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[493,850,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFFBFFB2FE71FF1DC3BDFF35" box="[493,695,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Euxesta wettsteini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFFBFFB2FD22FF1AC258FF32" author="Hendel, F." box="[702,850,187,212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="151 - 172" refId="ref8241" refString="Hendel, F. 1909. Uber die Gattung Euxesta, Loew. (Dipt.). Annales Museum Nationalis Hungarici 7: 151-172." type="journal article" year="1909">Hendel, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFFBFFB2FDE5FF7AC3CCFF12" box="[633,710,219,244]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[219,282,1060,1081]" captionTargetBox="[205,1141,188,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[200,1144,186,1027]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Wings: (a) Euxesta latifasciata; (b) E. leucomelas (=E. fascipennis); (c) E. wettsteini; (d) E. abdominalis, syntype, MCZ; (e) E. sororcula, type, NHMD; (f) E. obliquestriata, syntype, NHMW. (a–b modified from Wulp (1899); and d modified from EOL site https://eol. org/pages/734579/media). Abbreviations: SA = subapical band; A = apical band; phi – preapical hyaline interspace. Fine black lines show the ratio of SA and phi along vein R4+5 and light blue arrows indicate other characters mentioned in the key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237834/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Fig. 1c</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFBFFB2FF47FEADC361FEC2" authority="Hendel, 1909: 154" authorityName="Hendel" authorityPageNumber="154" authorityYear="1909" box="[219,619,267,292]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFFBFFB2FF47FEADC0A9FEC5" box="[219,419,268,291]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Euxesta wettsteini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFFBFFB2FE34FEAAC361FEC2" author="Hendel, F." box="[424,619,267,292]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="151 - 172" refId="ref8241" refString="Hendel, F. 1909. Uber die Gattung Euxesta, Loew. (Dipt.). Annales Museum Nationalis Hungarici 7: 151-172." type="journal article" year="1909">Hendel, 1909:154</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(key), 165 (description), 1910:28 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFFBFFB2FBD7FEAAC041FEA2" author="Curran, C. H." pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref7848" refString="Curran, C. H. 1935. New American Diptera. American Museum Novitates 812: 1-24." type="journal article" year="1935">Curran, 1935:12</bibRefCitation>
(key);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFFBFFB2FE04FE8AC36AFEA2" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[408,608,299,324]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref8872" refString="Steyskal, G. C. 1968. Family Otitidae (Ortalidae: including Pterocallidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 54. 1-54. 31. In: P. E. Vanzolini &amp; N. Papavero (Eds.). A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Depto. Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, Sao Paulo, Brasil." type="book chapter" year="1968">Steyskal, 1968:54</bibRefCitation>
. 20 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFFBFFB2FD60FE8AC2EDFEA2" author="Kameneva, E. P." box="[764,999,299,324]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="609 - 652" refId="ref8373" refString="Kameneva, E. P. 2004. New records of picture-winged flies (Diptera, Ulidiidae) of Central America, including the description of new taxa. Studia Dipterologica (2003) 10 (2): 609-652." type="journal article" year="2004">Kameneva, 2004:619</bibRefCitation>
(material).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFFBFFB2FF47FEEDC31FFDA2" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFFBFFB2FF47FEEDC56EFE22" blockId="10.[192,1152,267,900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFFBFFB2FF47FEEDC092FE85" box="[219,408,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Type Specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFFBFFB2FE3FFEEAC0B7FE22" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
Syntypes 3 ♀, BRAZIL: São Paulo, labeled: “Iguape/Young”; “Bras. Exped. / Wettstein. [18]91”;
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFBFFB2FDD1FECAC3CDFE62" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[589,711,363,388]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wettsteini">“wettsteini</taxonomicName>
H. / det. F. Hendel \
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFBFFB2FC25FECAC512FE62" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1868" box="[953,1048,363,388]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euxesta</taxonomicName>
”; “Type” [thick red paper]; “Syntype
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFBFFB2FE62FE2AC26EFE42" authority="Hendel 1909" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[510,868,395,420]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
Euxesta wettsteini
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFFBFFB2FD49FE2AC26EFE42" author="Hendel, F." box="[725,868,395,420]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="151 - 172" refId="ref8241" refString="Hendel, F. 1909. Uber die Gattung Euxesta, Loew. (Dipt.). Annales Museum Nationalis Hungarici 7: 151-172." type="journal article" year="1909">Hendel 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
des. Korneyev &amp; Kameneva 2001” (NHMW).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CFFFFFBFFB2FE5FFE0AC56EFE22" box="[451,1124,427,454]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Syntype 1 ♂, same labels as above (HMNH), not examined.</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFFBFFB2FF47FE6AC31FFDA2" blockId="10.[192,1152,267,900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFFBFFB2FF47FE6AC359FE05" box="[219,595,459,483]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Additional Specimens Examined.</emphasis>
1 ♀, COSTA RICA: Prov. Guanacaste: A. C. T., Est. Lomas Barbudal, 30 m, VII.1991, Acevedo (INBC); 1 ♀, 2 km E Hacienda Palo Verde, VII.1973, Keeler (USNM); 1 ♀, Prov. Puntarenas: Coto [Brus], finca 47, 25.VII.1957, Menke (LACM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFFBFFB2FF47FDEAC3E7FCA2" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFFBFFB2FF47FDEAC3E7FCA2" blockId="10.[192,1152,267,900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFFBFFB2FF47FDEAC04EFD85" box="[219,324,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Remarks.</emphasis>
As noted above,
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFBFFB2FD9AFDEDC384FD85" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[518,654,588,611]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFFBFFB2FD9AFDEDC384FD85" box="[518,654,588,611]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">E. wettsteini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFBFFB2FCBDFDEDC2CCFD85" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1868" box="[801,966,587,611]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFFBFFB2FCBDFDEDC2CCFD85" box="[801,966,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">E. abdominalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only by the syntergite 1+2 entirely black (instead of dirty yellow in
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFBFFB2FC99FDCDC2A3FD65" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1868" box="[773,937,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFFBFFB2FC99FDCDC2A3FD65" box="[773,937,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">E. abdominalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Three of the four females in a series from Costa Rica have entirely black abdomens as in
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFBFFB2FC73FD2DC573FD45" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[1007,1145,652,675]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFFBFFB2FC73FD2DC573FD45" box="[1007,1145,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">E. wettsteini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and one female has yellowish base of abdomen as in the three males; all the specimens here identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFBFFB2FE1FFD6DC318FD05" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[387,530,716,739]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wettsteinii">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFFBFFB2FE1FFD6DC318FD05" box="[387,530,716,739]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">E. wettsteinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also females that possibly shows their differences to be only a result of sexual dimorphism or individual variability (including geographical). We do not formally synonymize these two names, as additional studies of larger series including the genital characters are needed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFFBFFB2FF47FCEAC07EFC62" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFFBFFB2FF47FCEAC07EFC62" blockId="10.[192,1152,267,900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFFBFFB2FF47FCEAC06BFC85" box="[219,353,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Distribution</emphasis>
. Brazil, Paraguay, Trinidad, U.S.A. (Hawaii) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFFBFFB2FCC3FCEAC2F7FC82" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[863,1021,843,868]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="439 - 441" refId="ref8944" refString="Steyskal, G. C. 1969. Notes on Hawaiian Otitidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 20 (2): 439-441." type="journal article" year="1969">Steyskal 1969</bibRefCitation>
), Venezuela (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B53FFFBFFB2FF5BFCCAC062FC62" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[199,360,875,900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref8872" refString="Steyskal, G. C. 1968. Family Otitidae (Ortalidae: including Pterocallidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 54. 1-54. 31. In: P. E. Vanzolini &amp; N. Papavero (Eds.). A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Depto. Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, Sao Paulo, Brasil." type="book chapter" year="1968">Steyskal 1968</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

198
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFFBFFB2FE0FFC0FC2A7FC21" blockId="10.[403,941,942,967]" box="[403,941,942,967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
Key to species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFBFFB2FD1FFC0EC20DFC20" box="[643,775,942,966]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororcula">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFFBFFB2FD1FFC0EC20DFC20" box="[643,775,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">E. sororcula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6529FFFBFFB3FF5CFC7FC562FE75" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" type="key">
<key id="FFF46193FFFBFFB3FF5CFC7FC562FE75" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<keyStep id="30912E07FFFBFFB2FF5CFC7FC58AFB90" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFFBFFB2FF5CFC7FC58AFBF1" blockId="10.[192,1152,990,1724]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<keyLead id="30949597FFFBFFB2FF5CFC7FC58AFBF1" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">1. Wing with four complete crossbands, of which the 2nd (discal) and 3rd (subapical) crossbands are conspicuously widened posteriorly........................ 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFFBFFB2FF5CFBBFC58AFB90" blockId="10.[192,1152,990,1724]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<keyLead id="30949597FFFBFFB2FF5CFBBFC58AFB90" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
– Wing pattern different; if with 4 brown crossbands, then 2nd and 3rd with subparallel margins, or the 3rd one narrow, or wing pattern not crossbanded.................................................................. other
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFBFFB2FBBAFBFEC58AFB90" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1868" box="[1062,1152,1119,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFFBFFB2FBBAFBFEC58AFB90" box="[1062,1152,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Euxesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30912E07FFFBFFB2FF5CFBDFC58AFB11" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFFBFFB2FF5CFBDFC58AFB51" blockId="10.[192,1152,990,1724]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<keyLead id="30949597FFFBFFB2FF5CFBDFC58AFB51" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
2. Wing: preapical crossband only slightly widened posteriorly, its posterior margin 1. 5–2. 5× as wide as anterior part in cell r1 (
<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFFBFFB2FD42FB3FC25AFB51" box="[734,848,1182,1207]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[219,282,1060,1081]" captionTargetBox="[205,1141,188,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[200,1144,186,1027]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Wings: (a) Euxesta latifasciata; (b) E. leucomelas (=E. fascipennis); (c) E. wettsteini; (d) E. abdominalis, syntype, MCZ; (e) E. sororcula, type, NHMD; (f) E. obliquestriata, syntype, NHMW. (a–b modified from Wulp (1899); and d modified from EOL site https://eol. org/pages/734579/media). Abbreviations: SA = subapical band; A = apical band; phi – preapical hyaline interspace. Fine black lines show the ratio of SA and phi along vein R4+5 and light blue arrows indicate other characters mentioned in the key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237834/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Figs. 1a–c</figureCitation>
)................... 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFFBFFB2FF5CFB1FC58AFB11" blockId="10.[192,1152,990,1724]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<keyLead id="30949597FFFBFFB2FF5CFB1FC58AFB11" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
– Wing: preapical crossband strongly widened posteriorly, its posterior margin 3. 5–6. 0× as wide as anterior part in cell r1 (
<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFFBFFB2FD5FFB7FC23AFB11" box="[707,816,1246,1271]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[219,282,1060,1081]" captionTargetBox="[205,1141,188,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[200,1144,186,1027]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Wings: (a) Euxesta latifasciata; (b) E. leucomelas (=E. fascipennis); (c) E. wettsteini; (d) E. abdominalis, syntype, MCZ; (e) E. sororcula, type, NHMD; (f) E. obliquestriata, syntype, NHMW. (a–b modified from Wulp (1899); and d modified from EOL site https://eol. org/pages/734579/media). Abbreviations: SA = subapical band; A = apical band; phi – preapical hyaline interspace. Fine black lines show the ratio of SA and phi along vein R4+5 and light blue arrows indicate other characters mentioned in the key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237834/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Figs 1d–e</figureCitation>
)..................... 5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30912E07FFFBFFB2FF5CFB5FC58AFA91" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFFBFFB2FF5CFB5FC58AFAD0" blockId="10.[192,1152,990,1724]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<keyLead id="30949597FFFBFFB2FF5CFB5FC58AFAD0" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
3. Wing: subapical and apical crossband not connected at anterior margin (
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). Legs yellow............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFBFFB2FC79FABEC58AFAD0" authorityName="Wulp" authorityYear="1899" box="[997,1152,1310,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifasciata">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFFBFFB2FC79FABEC58AFAD0" box="[997,1152,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">E. latifasciata</emphasis>
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– Wing: subapical and apical crossband at least narrowly connected at anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFFBFFB2FE86FAFFC080FA91" box="[282,394,1374,1399]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[219,282,1060,1081]" captionTargetBox="[205,1141,188,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[200,1144,186,1027]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Wings: (a) Euxesta latifasciata; (b) E. leucomelas (=E. fascipennis); (c) E. wettsteini; (d) E. abdominalis, syntype, MCZ; (e) E. sororcula, type, NHMD; (f) E. obliquestriata, syntype, NHMW. (a–b modified from Wulp (1899); and d modified from EOL site https://eol. org/pages/734579/media). Abbreviations: SA = subapical band; A = apical band; phi – preapical hyaline interspace. Fine black lines show the ratio of SA and phi along vein R4+5 and light blue arrows indicate other characters mentioned in the key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237834/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Figs 1b–c</figureCitation>
). Femora and tarsi mostly black.......................... 4
</keyLead>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFFBFFB2FF5CFADFC58AFA30" blockId="10.[192,1152,990,1724]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<keyLead id="30949597FFFBFFB2FF5CFADFC58AFA30" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
4. Wing with proximal margin of apical crossband clearly oblique, ending in apical part of cell m
<subScript id="17E134E7FFFBFFB2FE20FA0FC0CEFA5A" attach="left" box="[444,452,1454,1468]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">1</subScript>
; preapical hyaline interspace strongly widened posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFFBFFB2FF6DFA1FC04FFA31" box="[241,325,1470,1495]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[219,282,1060,1081]" captionTargetBox="[205,1141,188,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[200,1144,186,1027]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Wings: (a) Euxesta latifasciata; (b) E. leucomelas (=E. fascipennis); (c) E. wettsteini; (d) E. abdominalis, syntype, MCZ; (e) E. sororcula, type, NHMD; (f) E. obliquestriata, syntype, NHMW. (a–b modified from Wulp (1899); and d modified from EOL site https://eol. org/pages/734579/media). Abbreviations: SA = subapical band; A = apical band; phi – preapical hyaline interspace. Fine black lines show the ratio of SA and phi along vein R4+5 and light blue arrows indicate other characters mentioned in the key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237834/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
)..........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFBFFB2FC7EFA1EC58AFA30" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1861" box="[994,1152,1470,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFFBFFB2FC7EFA1EC58AFA30" box="[994,1152,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">E. leucomelas</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFFBFFB2FF5CFA7FC58AF9D1" blockId="10.[192,1152,990,1724]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
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– Wing with proximal margin of apical crossband concave and curved proximally posteriorly, ending at middle of cell m
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, preapical hyaline interspace lenticular (
<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFFBFFB2FF6CF9BFC037F9D1" box="[240,317,1566,1591]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[219,282,1060,1081]" captionTargetBox="[205,1141,188,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[200,1144,186,1027]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Wings: (a) Euxesta latifasciata; (b) E. leucomelas (=E. fascipennis); (c) E. wettsteini; (d) E. abdominalis, syntype, MCZ; (e) E. sororcula, type, NHMD; (f) E. obliquestriata, syntype, NHMW. (a–b modified from Wulp (1899); and d modified from EOL site https://eol. org/pages/734579/media). Abbreviations: SA = subapical band; A = apical band; phi – preapical hyaline interspace. Fine black lines show the ratio of SA and phi along vein R4+5 and light blue arrows indicate other characters mentioned in the key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237834/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Fig. 1c</figureCitation>
)......................................................... 6
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5. Wing with subapical crossband narrow, 0. 6–0. 9× as wide as preapical hyaline interspace measured along vein R
<subScript id="17E134E7FFFBFFB2FDEEF9CFC386F99A" attach="left" box="[626,652,1646,1660]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">4+5</subScript>
; subapical crossband strongly narrowed to anterior margin, 0. 5–0. 7× as wide as preapical hyaline interspace measured along vein R
<subScript id="17E134E7FFFBFFB2FEAEF90FC046F95A" attach="left" box="[306,332,1710,1724]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">2+3</subScript>
(
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).........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFBFFB2FC67F93EC58AF950" box="[1019,1152,1694,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororcula">
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<keyLead id="30949597FFFAFFB3FF34FF1AC562FED2" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
– Wing with subapical crossband wider, 1. 3–1. 9× as wide as preapical hyaline interspace measured along vein R
<subScript id="17E134E7FFFAFFB3FDA2FF4DC352FF1C" attach="left" box="[574,600,236,250]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">4+5</subScript>
; subapical crossband moderately narrowed to anterior margin, 1. 0–1. 5× as wide as preapical hyaline interspace measured along vein R
<subScript id="17E134E7FFFAFFB3FE86FE8DC03EFEDC" attach="left" box="[282,308,300,314]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">2+3</subScript>
(
<figureCitation id="135E2A27FFFAFFB3FEDFFEBAC084FED2" box="[323,398,283,308]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[219,282,1060,1081]" captionTargetBox="[205,1141,188,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[200,1144,186,1027]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Wings: (a) Euxesta latifasciata; (b) E. leucomelas (=E. fascipennis); (c) E. wettsteini; (d) E. abdominalis, syntype, MCZ; (e) E. sororcula, type, NHMD; (f) E. obliquestriata, syntype, NHMW. (a–b modified from Wulp (1899); and d modified from EOL site https://eol. org/pages/734579/media). Abbreviations: SA = subapical band; A = apical band; phi – preapical hyaline interspace. Fine black lines show the ratio of SA and phi along vein R4+5 and light blue arrows indicate other characters mentioned in the key." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15237834/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
).........................
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFAFFB3FC99FEBDC2B1FED5" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[773,955,283,307]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obliquestriata">
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(=
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFAFFB3FC7FFEBDC555FED5" authorityName="Steyskal" authorityYear="1974" box="[995,1119,284,307]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazorca">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFFAFFB3FC7FFEBDC555FED5" box="[995,1119,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">E. mazorca</emphasis>
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)
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<keyStep id="30912E07FFFAFFB3FF34FE9AC562FE75" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFFAFFB3FF34FE9AC562FE95" blockId="11.[168,1128,187,404]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
<keyLead id="30949597FFFAFFB3FF34FE9AC562FE95" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
6. Abdominal syntergite 1+2 dirty yellow to brownish-yellow medially................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFAFFB3FC58FEFDC562FE95" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1868" box="[964,1128,347,371]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFFAFFB3FC58FEFDC562FE95" box="[964,1128,347,371]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">E. abdominalis</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A2FFFAFFB3FF34FEDAC562FE75" blockId="11.[168,1128,187,404]" box="[168,1128,379,404]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
<keyLead id="30949597FFFAFFB3FF34FEDAC562FE75" box="[168,1128,379,404]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
– Abdominal syntergite 1+2 entirely black......................
<taxonomicName id="4C654D21FFFAFFB3FC43FEDDC562FE75" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[991,1128,380,403]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
<emphasis id="B911EAB0FFFAFFB3FC43FEDDC562FE75" box="[991,1128,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">E. wettsteini</emphasis>
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Verbreitung, Ökologie und Gefährdung des
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Dieser Vertreter der artenreichen Gattung
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zeigt ein westpaläarktisches Verbreitungsbild. Die Art (
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) ist von Spanien und Frankreich durch das mediterrane und gemässigte Europa und Anatolien bis nach Zentralasien (Mongolei, Usbekistan) verbreitet, fehlt aber im atlantisch beeinflussten Nordwesten Europas (Britische Inseln, Benelux-Staaten) und Skandinavien (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD6AFA25A767710FE3FAEBF21B9F83D" author="LOBL, I. &amp; KRELL, F. - T. &amp; ZIANI, S. &amp; D. KRAL" box="[425,672,1999,2023]" editor="LOBL, I. &amp; D. LOBL" pageId="1" pageNumber="115" pagination="159 - 176" refId="ref2054" refString="LOBL, I., KRELL, F. - T., ZIANI, S. &amp; D. KRAL (2006): Tribe Onthophagini BURMEISTER, 1846. - S. 159-176 in: LOBL, I. &amp; D. LOBL: Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Revised and Updated Edition. Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea and Byrrhoidea. Volume 3. I- XXVIII, 983 S., Brill, Leiden / Boston." title="Tribe Onthophagini BURMEISTER, 1846. - S" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Revised and Updated Edition. Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea and Byrrhoidea. Volume 3. I- XXVIII, 983 S., Brill, Leiden / Boston" year="2006">
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et al. 2006: 170
</bibRefCitation>
). Die aktuelle Verbreitung in Deutschland wurde von
<bibRefCitation id="EFD6AFA25A767710FF5AA16722FFF7F5" author="SCHAFFRATH, U." box="[204,486,2071,2095]" journalOrPublisher="Na- turschutz und Biologische Vielfalt" pageId="1" pageNumber="115" pagination="189 - 266" part="70" refId="ref2212" refString="SCHAFFRATH, U. (2021): Rote Liste der Blatthornkafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Deutschlands. - Na- turschutz und Biologische Vielfalt 70 (5): 189-266." title="Rote Liste der Blatthornkafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Deutschlands" type="journal article" year="2021">
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(2021: 224)
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zusammengefasst und ist auf der Website
<emphasis id="B9330E415A767710FE06A14B279AFB29" box="[400,1155,1243,2131]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="115">Entomofauna Germanica - Verzeichnis der Käfer Deutschlands</emphasis>
(coleokat.de;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD6AFA25A767710FAA4ADAB20B3FACD" accessDate="invalid" author="BLEICH, O. &amp; GURLICH, S. &amp; F. KOHLER" pageId="1" pageNumber="115" publicationUrl="www.coleokat.de" refId="ref1683" refString="BLEICH, O., GURLICH, S. &amp; F. KOHLER (2024): Verzeichnis und Verbreitungsatlas der Kafer Deutschlands. - www.coleokat.de [Stand 13.10.2024]." title="Verzeichnis und Verbreitungsatlas der Kafer Deutschlands" type="journal article" year="2024">
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et al. 2024
</bibRefCitation>
) als Verbreitungskarte abrufbar. Es wird deutlich, dass
<taxonomicName id="4C47A9D05A767710FC63AC532795FAE1" baseAuthorityName="PANZER" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1013,1164,1315,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semicornis">
<emphasis id="B9330E415A767710FC63AC532795FAE1" box="[1013,1164,1315,1339]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="115">O. semicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Berlin, Brandenburg und Sachsen relativ häufig vorkommt, nach Westen hin jedoch deutlich seltener wird und westlich der ungefähren Linie Rostock – Magdeburg – Erfurt – Aschaffenburg – Hunsrück, die auch die Westgrenze der Gesamtverbreitung beschreibt, noch nicht nachgewiesen wurde. Eine vergleichbare Diagonale vom Nordosten Deutschlands nach Südwesten hin zeigt eine Karte der Verbreitung um 1990 in
<bibRefCitation id="EFD6AFA25A767710FBBBAF172602F9A5" author="SCHULZE, J." box="[1069,1307,1639,1663]" journalOrPublisher="insecta" pageId="1" pageNumber="115" pagination="67 - 68" part="1" refId="ref2279" refString="SCHULZE, J. (1992): Zur Verbreitung von Onthophagus semicornis. - Insecta 1 (1992): 67-68." title="Zur Verbreitung von Onthophagus semicornis" type="journal article" year="1992">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1E448F5A767710FBBBAF17278AF9A4" baselines="1657,1657,1657" box="[1069,1171,1639,1663]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Schulze" pageId="1" pageNumber="115">SCHULZE</smallCapsWord>
(1992: 67)
</bibRefCitation>
. Zu dieser Zeit lagen neuere Funde ausschliesslich aus dem Osten Deutschlands vor. Inzwischen wurde die Art auch im Westen Deutschlands mancherorts wieder gefunden; sie hat sich jedoch nicht über ihr historisches Areal hinaus ausgebreitet (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD6AFA25A767710FAD0AE6B271DF88D" author="SCHAFFRATH, U." journalOrPublisher="Na- turschutz und Biologische Vielfalt" pageId="1" pageNumber="115" pagination="189 - 266" part="70" refId="ref2212" refString="SCHAFFRATH, U. (2021): Rote Liste der Blatthornkafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Deutschlands. - Na- turschutz und Biologische Vielfalt 70 (5): 189-266." title="Rote Liste der Blatthornkafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Deutschlands" type="journal article" year="2021">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1E448F5A767710FAD0AE6B209FF88C" baselines="1837,1837,1837,1836,1873,1873" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Schaffrath" pageId="1" pageNumber="115">SCHAFFRATH</smallCapsWord>
2021: 224
</bibRefCitation>
). Aus Hessen liegt neben einigen historischen Meldungen aus Frankfurt und Wiesbaden (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD6AFA25A767710FC3FAEFB27D8F845" author="HEYDEN, L. VON" box="[937,1217,1927,1951]" journalOrPublisher="Frankfurt am Main (Gebruder Knauer)" pageId="1" pageNumber="115" pagination="426" refId="ref1858" refString="HEYDEN, L. VON (1904): Die Kafer von Nassau und Frankfurt. II. Auflage. - 426 S., Frankfurt am Main (Gebruder Knauer)." title="Die Kafer von Nassau und Frankfurt. II. Auflage." type="book" year="1904">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1E448F5A767710FC3FAEFB20C3F844" baselines="1945" box="[937,986,1931,1950]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="von" pageId="1" pageNumber="115">VON</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D1E448F5A767710FC72AEF7275DF844" baselines="1944,1945" box="[996,1092,1927,1950]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Heyden" pageId="1" pageNumber="115">HEYDEN</smallCapsWord>
1904: 384
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD6AFA25A767710FB59AEF72685F845" author="HORION, A." box="[1231,1436,1927,1951]" journalOrPublisher="Buchdruckerei August Feyel, Uberlingen" pageId="1" pageNumber="115" pagination="343" refId="ref2022" refString="HORION, A. (1958): Faunistik der mitteleuropaischen Kafer. Band VI: Lamellicornia (Scarabaeidae - Lucanidae. 343 S., Buchdruckerei August Feyel, Uberlingen." title="Faunistik der mitteleuropaischen Kafer. Band VI: Lamellicornia (Scarabaeidae - Lucanidae." type="book" year="1958">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1E448F5A767710FB59AEF72634F844" baselines="1944,1945" box="[1231,1325,1927,1950]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Ho" pageId="1" pageNumber="115">HORION</smallCapsWord>
1958: 27
</bibRefCitation>
) nur ein aktueller Fund aus dem Odenwald vor (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD6AFA25A767710FCC2AEBF2708F83D" accessDate="invalid" author="HOFMANN, G." box="[852,1041,1999,2023]" editor="BLEICH, O. &amp; GURLICH, S. &amp; F. KOHLER" pageId="1" pageNumber="115" publicationUrl="www.coleokat.de" refId="ref1934" refString="HOFMANN, G. (2024): Teilverzeichnis Hessen. - In: BLEICH, O., GURLICH, S. &amp; F. KOHLER: Verzeichnis und Verbreitungsatlas der Kafer Deutschlands. - www.coleokat.de [Stand 13.10.2024]." title="Teilverzeichnis Hessen" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Verzeichnis und Verbreitungsatlas der Kafer Deutschlands." year="2024">
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2024
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8D2535A767713FCF4AE83223AFC51" blockId="1.[843,1444,1243,2131]" lastBlockId="2.[219,821,235,1123]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="1" pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName id="4C47A9D05A767710FCF4AE832767F7D1" baseAuthorityName="PANZER" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[866,1150,2035,2059]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semicornis">
<emphasis id="B9330E415A767710FCF4AE832767F7D1" box="[866,1150,2035,2059]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="115">Onthophagus semicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ist ein trockenheitsliebendes Steppentier der offenen bis halboffenen Landschaften auf Sandboden (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD6AFA25A767713FB5DA14B2210FED9" author="SCHAFFRATH, U." journalOrPublisher="Na- turschutz und Biologische Vielfalt" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="1" pageNumber="115" pagination="189 - 266" part="70" refId="ref2212" refString="SCHAFFRATH, U. (2021): Rote Liste der Blatthornkafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Deutschlands. - Na- turschutz und Biologische Vielfalt 70 (5): 189-266." title="Rote Liste der Blatthornkafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Deutschlands" type="journal article" year="2021">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1E448F5A767710FB5DA14B2642F788" baselines="2125,2125,2125,2125,2125" box="[1227,1371,2107,2131]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Schaffrath" pageId="1" pageNumber="115">SCHAFFRATH</smallCapsWord>
2021: 224
</bibRefCitation>
). Die Art zeigt eine enge Bindung an den Kot kleiner Nagetiere und wird oft im Eingangsbereich von Kleinsäugerbauen gefunden (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD6AFA25A757713FD46A843224CFEB5" author="ROSSNER, E." journalOrPublisher="Verein der Freunde &amp; Forderer des Naturkun- demuseums Erfurt e. V. (Hrsg.), Erfurt" pageId="2" pageNumber="116" pagination="508" refId="ref2138" refString="ROSSNER, E. (2012): Die Hirschkafer und Blatthornkafer Ostdeutschlands (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). 508 S., Verein der Freunde &amp; Forderer des Naturkun- demuseums Erfurt e. V. (Hrsg.), Erfurt." title="Die Hirschkafer und Blatthornkafer Ostdeutschlands (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)." type="book" year="2012">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1E448F5A757713FD46A843202DFE90" baselines="324,326,325,325" box="[720,820,307,331]" lowerCaseFontSize="10" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Rossner" pageId="2" pageNumber="116">RÖSSNER</smallCapsWord>
2012: 311
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFD6AFA25A757713FEF8A827214CFEB5" author="HORION, A." box="[366,597,343,367]" journalOrPublisher="Buchdruckerei August Feyel, Uberlingen" pageId="2" pageNumber="116" pagination="343" refId="ref2022" refString="HORION, A. (1958): Faunistik der mitteleuropaischen Kafer. Band VI: Lamellicornia (Scarabaeidae - Lucanidae. 343 S., Buchdruckerei August Feyel, Uberlingen." title="Faunistik der mitteleuropaischen Kafer. Band VI: Lamellicornia (Scarabaeidae - Lucanidae." type="book" year="1958">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1E448F5A757713FEF8A82722D4FEB4" baselines="360,361" box="[366,461,343,366]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Ho" pageId="2" pageNumber="116">HORION</smallCapsWord>
(1958: 27)
</bibRefCitation>
zitiert
<smallCapsWord id="8D1E448F5A757713FD2FA827202DFEB4" baselines="360,361,361,361" box="[697,820,343,366]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Petrov" pageId="2" pageNumber="116">PETROVITZ</smallCapsWord>
(1956), demzufolge die koprophage Art am Neusiedlersee vermutlich im Eingangsbereich und den sog. Aborten der Baue von Kleinsäugern wie Ziesel, Hamster und Kaninchen brütet. Aufgrund des Bestandseinbruchs dieser Kleinsäuger beobachteten
<bibRefCitation id="EFD6AFA25A757713FEDDAB5F2014FD9D" author="SCHERNHAMMER, T. &amp; M. DENNER" box="[331,781,559,583]" journalOrPublisher="Nationalpark Neusiedlersee - Seewinkel" pageId="2" pageNumber="116" pagination="40" refId="ref2246" refString="SCHERNHAMMER, T. &amp; M. DENNER (2022): Die Dungkafer (koprophage Scarabaeidae) im Nationalpark Neusiedlersee - Seewinkel. 40 S., Nationalpark Neusiedlersee - Seewinkel." title="Die Dungkafer (koprophage Scarabaeidae) im Nationalpark Neusiedlersee - Seewinkel." type="book" year="2022">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1E448F5A757713FEDDAB5F2110FD9C" baselines="577,577,577,577,577,577" box="[331,521,559,583]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Schernhammer" pageId="2" pageNumber="116">SCHERNHAMMER</smallCapsWord>
&amp;
<smallCapsWord id="8D1E448F5A757713FDA7AB5F2196FD9C" baselines="576,577,577" box="[561,655,559,582]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Denner" pageId="2" pageNumber="116">DENNER</smallCapsWord>
(2022: 25)
</bibRefCitation>
einen dramatischen Rückgang des
<taxonomicName id="4C47A9D05A757713FDE1AB23200AFDB1" baseAuthorityName="PANZER" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[631,787,595,619]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semicornis">
<emphasis id="B9330E415A757713FDE1AB23200AFDB1" box="[631,787,595,619]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="116">O. semicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in dieser Region.
<taxonomicName id="4C47A9D05A757713FE0AAB0721A1FD55" baseAuthorityName="PANZER" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[412,696,631,655]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semicornis">
<emphasis id="B9330E415A757713FE0AAB0721A1FD55" box="[412,696,631,655]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="116">Onthophagus semicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lebt aber auch im Kot grösserer Säugetiere (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD6AFA25A757713FD11ABEB221EFD0D" author="ROSSNER, E." journalOrPublisher="Verein der Freunde &amp; Forderer des Naturkun- demuseums Erfurt e. V. (Hrsg.), Erfurt" pageId="2" pageNumber="116" pagination="508" refId="ref2138" refString="ROSSNER, E. (2012): Die Hirschkafer und Blatthornkafer Ostdeutschlands (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). 508 S., Verein der Freunde &amp; Forderer des Naturkun- demuseums Erfurt e. V. (Hrsg.), Erfurt." title="Die Hirschkafer und Blatthornkafer Ostdeutschlands (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)." type="book" year="2012">
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2012: 311
</bibRefCitation>
). So meldet
<bibRefCitation id="EFD6AFA25A757713FE3FABCF2181FD0D" author="HORION, A." box="[425,664,703,727]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Blatter" pageId="2" pageNumber="116" pagination="108 - 123" part="52" refId="ref1980" refString="HORION, A. (1956): Bemerkenswerte Kaferfunde aus Deutschland. 3. Reihe (6. Nachtrag zum &quot; Verzeich- nis der Kafer Mitteleuropas &quot;). - Entomologische Blatter 52 (3): 108-123." title="Bemerkenswerte Kaferfunde aus Deutschland. 3. Reihe (6. Nachtrag zum &quot; Verzeich- nis der Kafer Mitteleuropas &quot;)" type="journal article" year="1956">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1E448F5A757713FE3FABCF2111FD0C" baselines="720,721" box="[425,520,703,726]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Ho" pageId="2" pageNumber="116">HORION</smallCapsWord>
(1956: 119)
</bibRefCitation>
die Art aus Rehkot. Nach
<bibRefCitation id="EFD6AFA25A757713FE18AB932163FD21" author="HILLERT, O." box="[398,634,739,763]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte" pageId="2" pageNumber="116" pagination="240" part="42" refId="ref1891" refString="HILLERT, O. (1998): Weitere Nachweise des Onthophagus semicornis (PANZER, 1798) aus dem Osten Deutschlands (Col., Scarabaeidae). - Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte 42 (4): 240, 241." title="Weitere Nachweise des Onthophagus semicornis (PANZER, 1798) aus dem Osten Deutschlands (Col., Scarabaeidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1E448F5A757713FE18AB9322F5FD20" baselines="757,757,757" box="[398,492,739,762]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="llert" pageId="2" pageNumber="116">HILLERT</smallCapsWord>
(1998: 240)
</bibRefCitation>
lebt die Art in Brandenburg auch in Schwarzwild-, Schaf- und Menschenkot. Der aktuelle hessische Fund im Odenwald stammt aus Kuhdung (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD6AFA25A757713FD2FAA3F220EFC51" accessDate="invalid" author="HOFMANN, G." editor="BLEICH, O. &amp; GURLICH, S. &amp; F. KOHLER" pageId="2" pageNumber="116" publicationUrl="www.coleokat.de" refId="ref1934" refString="HOFMANN, G. (2024): Teilverzeichnis Hessen. - In: BLEICH, O., GURLICH, S. &amp; F. KOHLER: Verzeichnis und Verbreitungsatlas der Kafer Deutschlands. - www.coleokat.de [Stand 13.10.2024]." title="Teilverzeichnis Hessen" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Verzeichnis und Verbreitungsatlas der Kafer Deutschlands." year="2024">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1E448F5A757713FD2FAA3F202DFCBC" baselines="864,865" box="[697,820,847,870]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Hofmann" pageId="2" pageNumber="116">HOFMANN</smallCapsWord>
2024
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8D2535A757713FF64AAE7219BFBB9" blockId="2.[219,821,235,1123]" pageId="2" pageNumber="116">
In der Roten Liste der Blatthornkäfer Deutschlands (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD6AFA25A757713FEA7AACB211DFC09" author="SCHAFFRATH, U." box="[305,516,955,979]" journalOrPublisher="Na- turschutz und Biologische Vielfalt" pageId="2" pageNumber="116" pagination="189 - 266" part="70" refId="ref2212" refString="SCHAFFRATH, U. (2021): Rote Liste der Blatthornkafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Deutschlands. - Na- turschutz und Biologische Vielfalt 70 (5): 189-266." title="Rote Liste der Blatthornkafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Deutschlands" type="journal article" year="2021">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1E448F5A757713FEA7AACB22DBFC08" baselines="973,973,973,973,973" box="[305,450,955,979]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Schaffrath" pageId="2" pageNumber="116">SCHAFFRATH</smallCapsWord>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
) ist
<taxonomicName id="4C47A9D05A757713FDAAAACB21C0FC09" baseAuthorityName="PANZER" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[572,729,955,979]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semicornis">
<emphasis id="B9330E415A757713FDAAAACB21C0FC09" box="[572,729,955,979]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="116">O. semicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
als gefährdet (Kategorie 3) eingestuft mit dem Zusatz „ss“ (sehr selten). Nach der Roten Liste der Blatthornkäfer Hessens (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD6AFA25A757713FE46AD5721B8FBE5" author="SCHAFFRATH, U." box="[464,673,1063,1087]" journalOrPublisher="Hessisches Ministerium fur Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, Wiesbaden" pageId="2" pageNumber="116" pagination="48" refId="ref2181" refString="SCHAFFRATH, U. (2003): Rote Liste der Blatthorn- und Hirschkafer Hessens. 48 S., Hessisches Ministerium fur Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, Wiesbaden." title="Rote Liste der Blatthorn- und Hirschkafer Hessens." type="book" year="2003">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1E448F5A757713FE46AD572178FBE4" baselines="1081,1081,1081,1081,1081" box="[464,609,1063,1087]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Schaffrath" pageId="2" pageNumber="116">SCHAFFRATH</smallCapsWord>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
) gilt die Art noch als verschollen (Kategorie 0).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>