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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127873140" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AC9AAFB861DC19D7CDAB7677902D4C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5AC9AAFB861DC19D7CDAB7677902D4C4" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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<treatment id="5AC9AAFB861DC19D7CDAB7677902D4C4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127873140" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AC9AAFB861DC19D7CDAB7677902D4C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5AC9AAFB861DC19D7CDAB7677902D4C4" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" scope_genus="Lactarius">
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<pageBreakToken id="23BFF1F88E576B3AA9B1F05F49B03782" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Fungi Russulales Russulaceae
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</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection id="99457DAB024FEFEA7E460C608750729D" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="452B3B216416E574A335FA4B848F16FC" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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||||
20.
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<taxonomicName authority="L.) Gray (group" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus" order="Russulales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deliciosus">" Lactarius deliciosus " (L.) Gray (group)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="9749CA3A98C4ABF83899F6ED117312D0" ID-CoL="3RRS8" authority="L.) Gray (group" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus" order="Russulales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deliciosus">" Lactarius deliciosus " (L.) Gray (group)</taxonomicName>
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Figure 22
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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<subSubSection id="A2355CB659302D3C88122A6AD1CB484F" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph id="247E4A381D4432F9FCF5E64ABD94A3CE" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<pageBreakToken id="C2A6C2C1B320DE3C577B64247AFED7DD" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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.
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||||
</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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||||
<paragraph id="4181ACB0AC552E090696BC181487A5D4" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Pileus 30-100 mm in diameter, convex to broadly infundibuliform, smooth to faintly areolate, viscid to dry,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="7A2A69EAD821A04DD34F92C5AC4A5E9A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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faintly zonate, pale cream to pale yellow to carrot orange, often with green stains especially in age; margin striate when wet, incurved when young and becoming straight. Lamellae adnate to subdecurrent, crowded to subdistant, creamy orange to carrot orange, discoloring orange to reddish and eventally green where damaged. Stipe 30-70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="F2C1B6AA5E07A4D5DBDE8989BA659F2E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-25 mm, equal to clavate to tapering toward the base, viscid to dry, smooth, creamy orange to carrot orange with a white band toward the apex; discoloring carrot orange to dull reddish and eventually green where damaged, hollow. Context yellowish, immediately staining carrot orange to dull reddish and eventally green. Latex scarce, carrot orange, staining tissue carrot orange to dull reddish and eventually green. Odor mild. Taste mild.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<paragraph id="6F9A0474CAF14BDB9FAC567A3664CC8E" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Basidiospores 7.5-10.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="BAD4918C0C812C35B30B6CCEC37EC552" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5.5-7.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="22DF64EAF2301AF7D238F4F9B457C5E2" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, Q = 1.3-1.5, ellipsoid; ornamentation forming a partial reticulum. Pleuromacrocystidia 40-55
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="3B648C5960972FE08AE908C577A28F22" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="3129F3A6B787C42CEC1F26613FF845CC" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, very sparse, subfusiform; apex moniliform. Cheilomacrocystidia 45-60
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="2D518E7E5DA708DF30521A3FB0C19732" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4-9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="EE514A885899492D121B685FC2706BE4" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, scarce to numerous, subfusiform; apex moniliform.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ecology and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection id="41121E4067AA48EFC6E5290B7DBABECF" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="ecology">
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<paragraph id="E79B140801651716020AF2E447AD0FAA" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ecology and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="137DD49EF30A81E742F68C149D41F9D3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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In North America with conifers. In the GYE, members of this group occur in montane mixed lodgepole/spruce-fir forests, the spruce-fir zone, and the krummholz zone, summer to fall; there are also reports specifically with
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus flexilis" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexilis">Pinus flexilis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="CAB789128CAD2D7236A49DFA1909A6EC" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus flexilis" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexilis">Pinus flexilis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Cripps, CL" editor="Keane, RE" journalOrPublisher="Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana, USA" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="28 - 30" title="Native ectomycorrhizal fungi of limber and whitebark pine: Necessary for forest sustainability?" volumeTitle="Proceedings of the high five symposium on the future of high-elevation, five-needle white pines in western North America" year="2011">Cripps and Antibus 2011</bibRefCitation>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="19B1D3E189DB3D430A6C4FB8821E2BAB" author="Cripps, CL" editor="Keane, RE" journalOrPublisher="Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana, USA" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="28 - 30" title="Native ectomycorrhizal fungi of limber and whitebark pine: Necessary for forest sustainability?" volumeTitle="Proceedings of the high five symposium on the future of high-elevation, five-needle white pines in western North America" year="2011">Cripps and Antibus 2011</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus albicaulis" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albicaulis">Pinus albicaulis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="EDE699D83B33E52C3B813B0B922C0FA8" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus albicaulis" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albicaulis">Pinus albicaulis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Mohatt, KR" journalOrPublisher="Botany" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="14 - 25" title="Ectomycorrhizal fungi of whitebark pine (a tree in peril) revealed by sporocarps and molecular analysis of mycorrhizae from treeline forests in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem." url="10.1139/B07-107" volume="86" year="2008">Mohatt et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9DA873C919D6EE77B6BBA8ED36BD9A6E" author="Mohatt, KR" journalOrPublisher="Botany" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="14 - 25" title="Ectomycorrhizal fungi of whitebark pine (a tree in peril) revealed by sporocarps and molecular analysis of mycorrhizae from treeline forests in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem." url="10.1139/B07-107" volume="86" year="2008">Mohatt et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Cripps, CL" editor="Keane, RE" journalOrPublisher="Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana, USA" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="28 - 30" title="Native ectomycorrhizal fungi of limber and whitebark pine: Necessary for forest sustainability?" volumeTitle="Proceedings of the high five symposium on the future of high-elevation, five-needle white pines in western North America" year="2011">Cripps and Antibus 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F2FF74EBC561DBC476AABB54453BFBC2" author="Cripps, CL" editor="Keane, RE" journalOrPublisher="Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana, USA" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="28 - 30" title="Native ectomycorrhizal fungi of limber and whitebark pine: Necessary for forest sustainability?" volumeTitle="Proceedings of the high five symposium on the future of high-elevation, five-needle white pines in western North America" year="2011">Cripps and Antibus 2011</bibRefCitation>
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), and one collection is reported here with
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arctostaphylos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arctostaphylos uva-ursi" order="Ericales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uva-ursi">Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="AC7DCCD1B5E070F0074A5AA6698CF43E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arctostaphylos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arctostaphylos uva-ursi" order="Ericales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uva-ursi">Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</taxonomicName>
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, well-separated from any conifers.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection id="B297F890FF69B4CA11B0F9451BD96A30" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2C6EBBF3B130C50E5DEF8AD40E452E96" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="98498DC512CE02841A2C2AA502FAD463" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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U.S.A. MONTANA: Carbon County, Hellroaring Plateau, Hellroaring Creek, among
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arctostaphylos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arctostaphylos uva-ursi" order="Ericales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uva-ursi">Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="60E801139943629E82D34F3E0812138D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arctostaphylos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arctostaphylos uva-ursi" order="Ericales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uva-ursi">Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</taxonomicName>
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, 9 Aug 2015, EB107-15 (MONT); Gallatin County, Gallatin Range, East Fork Hyalite Creek, under
|
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="789B65FE7CB792F5F682723B77B28C94" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
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, 24 Aug 2014, EB0063-14 (MONT); Madison County, Madison Range, Taylor Creek, under
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2C621D0F67EBC81FE1AA1182FFCD469A" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="437CF1AF9A7C32AD8AF39F510F20A529" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus contorta" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contorta">Pinus contorta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="24A98F948549BE4575D0F3CC21DD1A0A" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus contorta" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contorta">Pinus contorta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 25 July 2015, EB089-15 (MONT).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="380DBF73CC6FDDC98F06D084DA2A170E" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="42EED3BE3A127418C248F80993A96799" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="839394CD1F9BFE3F06F9550C31145185" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
While
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="section" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius section" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="section" section="Deliciosi" species="section">section Deliciosi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F149CD23A844DC9A9AAEB8C7C50ECBC" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="section" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius section" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="section" section="Deliciosi">section Deliciosi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fr.:Fr.) Redeuilh, Verbeken & Walleyn has been resolved as monophyletic (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Nuytinck, J" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="820 - 832" title="Worldwide phylogeny of LactariussectionDeliciosi inferred from ITS and glyceraldehyde- 3 - phosphate dehydrogenase gene sequences." url="10.3852/mycologia.99.6.820" volume="99" year="2007">Nuytinck et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="013FCBDC83F744561B8D69278DA1ECCB" author="Nuytinck, J" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="820 - 832" title="Worldwide phylogeny of LactariussectionDeliciosi inferred from ITS and glyceraldehyde- 3 - phosphate dehydrogenase gene sequences." url="10.3852/mycologia.99.6.820" volume="99" year="2007">Nuytinck et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) (Figure 2B), the complex of species surrounding
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deliciosus">Lactarius deliciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EB7F409258DB9B0625FDA00764D4E73D" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deliciosus">Lactarius deliciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) Gray in North America is poorly resolved. Using molecular techniques,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Nuytinck, J" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="820 - 832" title="Worldwide phylogeny of LactariussectionDeliciosi inferred from ITS and glyceraldehyde- 3 - phosphate dehydrogenase gene sequences." url="10.3852/mycologia.99.6.820" volume="99" year="2007">Nuytinck et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C32F6BCA4B610DE333F9E2C21083F3AC" author="Nuytinck, J" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="820 - 832" title="Worldwide phylogeny of LactariussectionDeliciosi inferred from ITS and glyceraldehyde- 3 - phosphate dehydrogenase gene sequences." url="10.3852/mycologia.99.6.820" volume="99" year="2007">Nuytinck et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
showed that
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deliciosus">Lactarius deliciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="19FB4B5A69F66C53883AF8441AEBFEA2" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deliciosus">Lactarius deliciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deterrimus" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deterrimus">Lactarius deterrimus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gröger">Groeger</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FCE3C0D82994120F87F80F842A2A91FC" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deterrimus" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deterrimus">Lactarius deterrimus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F5380D218C341270B62F95BC1191C600" originalValue="Gröger">Groeger</normalizedToken>
|
||||
likely do not occur in North America. The collections of the North American varieties of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deliciosus">Lactarius deliciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B65D11921E60D52B1B2F98832C9CD98C" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deliciosus">Lactarius deliciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7F0D941ABA20328EB3EBD22F0FEB96B9" author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
that they analyzed formed a clade separate from the European
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deliciosus">Lactarius deliciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E828AA769899F01D4DE8D7CD0D0E69AE" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deliciosus">Lactarius deliciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deterrimus" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deterrimus">Lactarius deterrimus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2009595D8D92F8A9F4F056EFF33F1D45" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deterrimus" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deterrimus">Lactarius deterrimus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but were poorly resolved, with the exception of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="v." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus var. areolatus" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="deliciosus" variety="areolatus">Lactarius deliciosus v. areolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="786629003B986C414BD7C77057CE4E8A" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="v." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus var. areolatus" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="deliciosus" variety="areolatus">Lactarius deliciosus v. areolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
A.H. Smith, which formed a monophyletic group. For descriptions of North American members of this group see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C40323DDB6F98BAE1035B243577A6EF1" author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Methven, AS" journalOrPublisher="Mad River Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 79" title="The Agaricales (gilled fungi) of California. 10 Russulaceae II Lactarius" year="1997">Methven (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="65440EC3D05AE7F2BCA079F9E8C0B836" author="Methven, AS" journalOrPublisher="Mad River Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 79" title="The Agaricales (gilled fungi) of California. 10 Russulaceae II Lactarius" year="1997">Methven (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deliciosus">Lactarius deliciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="116AF590328E8839C57D74D2584FC2F7" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1401020D6505A72CBA7D6B5B847C7F82" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deliciosus">Lactarius deliciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and all of its North American varieties, as well as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deterrimus" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deterrimus">Lactarius deterrimus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9DFF7ED7AB08D64292BDDC8269B5EA94" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deterrimus" order="Russulales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deterrimus">Lactarius deterrimus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have been previously reported from the GYE (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="McKnight, KH" journalOrPublisher="Grand Teton Library and Museum Association" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 21" title="Checklist of mushrooms and other fungi of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks" year="1982">McKnight 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6C89559ADC7C000368147A16A91F3F45" author="McKnight, KH" journalOrPublisher="Grand Teton Library and Museum Association" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 21" title="Checklist of mushrooms and other fungi of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks" year="1982">McKnight 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mohatt, KR" journalOrPublisher="Botany" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="14 - 25" title="Ectomycorrhizal fungi of whitebark pine (a tree in peril) revealed by sporocarps and molecular analysis of mycorrhizae from treeline forests in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem." url="10.1139/B07-107" volume="86" year="2008">Mohatt et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="00829760E2462128FAB1DDC79C2D64DD" author="Mohatt, KR" journalOrPublisher="Botany" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="14 - 25" title="Ectomycorrhizal fungi of whitebark pine (a tree in peril) revealed by sporocarps and molecular analysis of mycorrhizae from treeline forests in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem." url="10.1139/B07-107" volume="86" year="2008">Mohatt et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cripps, CL" journalOrPublisher="Heritage and Research Center, Yellowstone National Park, USA" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 114" title="Fungi in Yellowstone National Park: a technical report consisting of two volumes" year="2011">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="start">Cripps</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="ED4E80212324EA17F2F9EC38213A71A4" author="Cripps, CL" journalOrPublisher="Heritage and Research Center, Yellowstone National Park, USA" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 114" title="Fungi in Yellowstone National Park: a technical report consisting of two volumes" year="2011">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="4ED71AFE9BE071E372F075A0769C02DE" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="start">Cripps</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
2011
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cripps, CL" editor="Keane, RE" journalOrPublisher="Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana, USA" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="28 - 30" title="Native ectomycorrhizal fungi of limber and whitebark pine: Necessary for forest sustainability?" volumeTitle="Proceedings of the high five symposium on the future of high-elevation, five-needle white pines in western North America" year="2011">Cripps and Antibus 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8D23A3B5F121F0DCDCA916204862379D" author="Cripps, CL" editor="Keane, RE" journalOrPublisher="Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana, USA" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="28 - 30" title="Native ectomycorrhizal fungi of limber and whitebark pine: Necessary for forest sustainability?" volumeTitle="Proceedings of the high five symposium on the future of high-elevation, five-needle white pines in western North America" year="2011">Cripps and Antibus 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Specimens from the GYE included in the phylogenetic analysis in the present study fall in the poorly resolved North American "
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus" order="Russulales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deliciosus">Lactarius deliciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="975C49663B8C83B0133D8984B6EFDA7B" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus" order="Russulales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deliciosus">Lactarius deliciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
" group including "
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="v." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus var. deterrimus" order="Russulales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="deliciosus" variety="deterrimus">Lactarius deliciosus v. deterrimus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6F3AEC31B6B51C3EAF51CF8072BBDAB" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="v." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus var. deterrimus" order="Russulales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="deliciosus" variety="deterrimus">Lactarius deliciosus v. deterrimus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
" (
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gröger">Groeger</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="523116129DE11CB6AAEFCF6C72008A51" originalValue="Gröger">Groeger</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) Hesler & A.H.
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">Sm</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="54ED4EE4935DE450C2E31F5AC8D43FD8" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">Sm</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
. and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="v." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus var. olivaceosordidus" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="deliciosus" variety="olivaceosordidus">Lactarius deliciosus v. olivaceosordidus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C2FAC13728FA62C9E7A7BE9A2E254961" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="v." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus var. olivaceosordidus" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="deliciosus" variety="olivaceosordidus">Lactarius deliciosus v. olivaceosordidus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hesler & A.H. Sm. (Figure 2B). Previous reports of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius thyinos" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="thyinos">Lactarius thyinos</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="84E24B900D8E8B679B7BB9CA77A8EB0B" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius thyinos" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="thyinos">Lactarius thyinos</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the GYE (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="McKnight, KH" journalOrPublisher="Grand Teton Library and Museum Association" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 21" title="Checklist of mushrooms and other fungi of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks" year="1982">McKnight 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54843CCA45610B650D56F6089D91208E" author="McKnight, KH" journalOrPublisher="Grand Teton Library and Museum Association" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 21" title="Checklist of mushrooms and other fungi of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks" year="1982">McKnight 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), a northeastern North American member of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="sect." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius sect" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="section" section="Deliciosi" species="sect">sect. Deliciosi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2E556C402AC1F0E63CBE37EA32ACD947" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="sect." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius sect" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="section" section="Deliciosi">sect. Deliciosi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
that occurs in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Thuja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thuja" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Thuja</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="54AB32CBF4359C928B43875F492AB2E4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" genus="Thuja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thuja" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Thuja</taxonomicName>
|
||||
bogs may refer to the "
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deliciosus">Lactarius deliciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DD9ED3B1DA8797089B9B14DEED5E73D2" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deliciosus">Lactarius deliciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
" group described here. Overall, this group is in need of revision.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<caption id="96CCAA5DDF11BED1B29C7AF57E97CBFD" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1706AD1E1DA2C9E3796C5A856B95F28C" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
Figure 22. "
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deliciosus">Lactarius deliciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F00D2EE87A0E75F72C39A06E69886985" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius deliciosus" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="deliciosus">Lactarius deliciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
" group. Top collection EB107-15 among
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arctostaphylos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arctostaphylos uva-ursi" order="Ericales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uva-ursi">Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D3E60A1ACC3C30F3334E4ED108C00A33" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arctostaphylos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arctostaphylos uva-ursi" order="Ericales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uva-ursi">Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Hellroaring Plateau, Montana, USA. Bottom collection EB089-15 under
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A1BBA815B8A00185CB784DDC8DE79931" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus contorta" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contorta">Pinus contorta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7E3861873B688B4FAC8C2443AAB42FAA" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus contorta" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contorta">Pinus contorta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="35E139F0D76F672909F9A53657DCC1CC" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Madison Range, Montana, USA. Scale bars: 2 cm. Photos by E. Barge.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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