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<mods:namePart>Barge, Edward G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Cripps, Cathy L.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127873142" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:547E6B3053E60E72CD9323BC2E970921" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/547E6B3053E60E72CD9323BC2E970921" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Taxon classification Fungi Russulales Russulaceae</paragraph>
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<treatment id="547E6B3053E60E72CD9323BC2E970921" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127873142" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:547E6B3053E60E72CD9323BC2E970921" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/547E6B3053E60E72CD9323BC2E970921" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<paragraph id="5B8734FA0D0A78898C3285330168D984" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Taxon classification Fungi Russulales Russulaceae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="7990451C7A8278F9330C8162069D2F31" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D378FC5F2DEE53392138EFABA82FA981" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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||||
9.
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<taxonomicName authority="Hesler & A. H. Sm." class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius caespitosus" order="Russulales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="caespitosus">Lactarius caespitosus Hesler & A.H. Sm.</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicName id="3F09855FCDE32E2B252AA463ECA805E2" ID-CoL="6NSL3" authority="Hesler & A. H. Sm." class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius caespitosus" order="Russulales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="caespitosus">Lactarius caespitosus Hesler & A.H. Sm.</taxonomicName>
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Figure 11
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</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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||||
<subSubSection id="F2342F27EBBD757EAC9BA179A74FDDED" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6CDAA3C44F5502AB6E75102462D56447" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="2A1AB7D1DB79EBEAF6D7D019522D61C1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Pileus 35-100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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||||
<normalizedToken id="2E0217DD33CA461878DFF4C38AF82055" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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||||
in diameter, convex to broadly convex to nearly plane,
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||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="5F8A2B0CC76FD8FE4AF75F5617CC4F85" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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centrally depressed, viscid to dry, smooth, more or less azonate, cream to pale
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||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="gray–brown">gray-brown</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="E60AF9D5A908F0C21FD19E9F1A1C153C" originalValue="gray–brown">gray-brown</normalizedToken>
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||||
to pale
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||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="vinaceous–brown">vinaceous-brown</normalizedToken>
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||||
<normalizedToken id="8EAF0A2487B32D30DEFC01DCC7FE2110" originalValue="vinaceous–brown">vinaceous-brown</normalizedToken>
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||||
,
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||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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||||
<normalizedToken id="0CC640639812B84CA5C223A98D4F6BAD" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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||||
discoloring ochraceous in places; margin incurved when young, becoming straight in age. Lamellae adnate to subdecurrent, crowded to subdistant, white at first, becoming pale creamy buff,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="35966AE196C6C38D4BF88159BBAC45AD" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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discoloring ochraceous to brown where damaged. Stipe 30-80
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||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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||||
<normalizedToken id="7E7D6CFF9588210BEDA3E260A198C04B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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10-35 mm, equal to clavate, viscid to dry, smooth, white, developing ochraceous to faintly violet areas where damaged, solid, becoming hollow. Context white. Latex scarce to undetectable, white, unchanging. Odor mild. Taste acrid.
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</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<paragraph id="15CF79274A998E30F17D913EC40F96E0" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Basidiospores 8-12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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||||
<normalizedToken id="7530DEFFF4E19ACDEC1CF1F1DBE4B3EC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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||||
7-9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="44D184A358FCD171700A46ACEFD74785" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, Q = 1.2-1.4, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid; ornamentation forming a broken to partial reticulum. Pleuromacrocystidia 50-110
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="17674E6C20715B3132A5C4DB421ED1D3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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8-12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="4B1924774DC1BDB15CDFCBC6BEC45193" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, scattered to numerous, subcylindric to fusoid; apex rounded to acute.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">Cheilomacrocystidia</pageBreakToken>
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<pageBreakToken id="BEAC0E14A7D364117AB1C5720DCF3DEF" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">Cheilomacrocystidia</pageBreakToken>
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40-60
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||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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||||
<normalizedToken id="CC071F0CC3A5EA23AF81257D7B9A5460" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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||||
8-12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="662555D8C5D41B606387C28E411F4E2C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, scattered to abundant, clavate to mucronate; apex rounded to acute.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ecology and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||||
<subSubSection id="7790E54F9A0E5CC244115AFE6696DA21" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="ecology">
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<paragraph id="C2FA102906804CA4B1E833BA30635AA9" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ecology and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B587BBE38774BC2D3E17EDE3CBE476C9" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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In mountainous areas in western North America with conifers.
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<bibRefCitation author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="3C88FF4574709A56AD96D3AA542367D3" author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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report it as the common montane
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Lactarius</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicName id="75AD716478B09775E5870672DF07661E" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Lactarius</taxonomicName>
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of wet places in the spruce-fir zone of the Rocky Mountains during the summer and early fall. In the GYE, it occurs in wet depressions and near seeps as well as in drier upland sites in the montane spruce-fir zone, possibly always in the presence of
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicName id="9483B0BDA96D9B02E7AC9A03877F115D" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
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, summer to fall.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="366FFA17E7CBED52A4BC05572B8DF2B7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="CBD364DE9175776F501DCB5948BD57CC" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="29A3D40ADE539E055483626EE83F6BC2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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U.S.A. MONTANA: Gallatin County, Gallatin Range, East Fork Hyalite Creek, under
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="47C537561946CB829E93C8FEAE6085F8" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicName id="CAA73C8603BB125425149D872EE465D5" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
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, 25 Aug 2015, EB158-15 (MONT); Gallatin County, Gallatin Range, Windy Pass Trail, under
|
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="55E64F385F8F5238C169D5885246A0FE" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
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and
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||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus contorta" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contorta">Pinus contorta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="060A0412424471C9BC9CC4F54006F543" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus contorta" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contorta">Pinus contorta</taxonomicName>
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, 10 Aug 2013, EB102-13 (MONT); Madison County, Madison Range, Big Sky, under
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D642476AFC46989F98AD2213C3C08999" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
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,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D04A1803C8EC5973CB15C6F7D3ACFDE7" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus albicaulis" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albicaulis">Pinus albicaulis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C250BAD3EFA5529647C57AA5FACCE7B0" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus albicaulis" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albicaulis">Pinus albicaulis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 4 Sept 2004, CLC2052 (MONT); Madison County, Madison Range, Mirror Lake, under
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="69B96EE23569BBC3AB90A8B565D41290" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 3 Sept 2013, EB121-13 (MONT); Madison County, Tobacco Root Mountains, Branham Lakes, under
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="41F1E83DBD4A983B15102E9991C31B87" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 1 Sept 2014, EB0074-14 (MONT); Sweet Grass County, Crazy Mountains, Big Timber Creek, under
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="661A18F9B74D843BFAFDA56BDB2F3E1B" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34BD0F507C6754C98EF3CF5B6D4A6A56" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 1 Aug 2015, EB095-15 (MONT). WYOMING: Park County, Beartooth Plateau, Beartooth Lake Campground, under
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A46CEFCEF6B700CB7BB80FA54F92FA8A" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7851529374F18A7A0DE71427913F9FF2" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 5 Sept 2015, EB159-15 (MONT).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C3BC8AA647FEE02B1619177FD15F5D26" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="61AD4092DC168BC512F50D9B740B5F79" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E255D3B9A955449272C2C747C14FD7B" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
The European
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abies</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6B9D9E65C9CEEB62138462C7A2A6A561" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abies</taxonomicName>
|
||||
associate
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius albocarneus" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="albocarneus">Lactarius albocarneus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5F14205DA5842DE62552B96118D12CE0" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius albocarneus" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="albocarneus">Lactarius albocarneus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Britzelm. appears to be closely related (Figure 2B), however, it has a lighter cream to dingy whitish pileus, and slowly yellowing latex and flesh (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Heilmann-Clausen, J" journalOrPublisher="Danish Mycological Society" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 287" title="The genus Lactarius" year="1998">Heilmann-Clausen et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="526FFE78ECC5D8D40D8B6E6D0D47AFDA" author="Heilmann-Clausen, J" journalOrPublisher="Danish Mycological Society" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 287" title="The genus Lactarius" year="1998">Heilmann-Clausen et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The western North American
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius kauffmanii" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kauffmanii">Lactarius kauffmanii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2F311502B000474C06947D4F96998C7C" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius kauffmanii" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kauffmanii">Lactarius kauffmanii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hesler & A.H. Sm. and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius pseudomucidus" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pseudomucidus">Lactarius pseudomucidus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="099CBC0C1FB26F79C563FCB9D328EE19" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius pseudomucidus" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pseudomucidus">Lactarius pseudomucidus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hesler & A.H. Sm. also appear to be related (Figure 2B).
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius kauffmanii" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kauffmanii">Lactarius kauffmanii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="228E7F7BB2D94E9BCC1DD4E00E34908F" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius kauffmanii" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kauffmanii">Lactarius kauffmanii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a dark to blackish brown pileus (although it can be lighter), smaller basidiospores (7-10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7DD744B0A71E384F710252F6417B146D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
6.5-8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="486CB998CF8558949CD32B6C07D88E04" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
), and a vinaceous to tan stipe.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius pseudomucidus" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pseudomucidus">Lactarius pseudomucidus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1FBE943DB30C782103DC0C48B999C26E" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius pseudomucidus" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pseudomucidus">Lactarius pseudomucidus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
typically has a darker and more slimy pileus, a gray to
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="gray–brown">gray-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1BD92AEF2BDD5BAE22BDDCE500854138" originalValue="gray–brown">gray-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||||
stipe, and smaller basidiospores (7-9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0A57D11D169088BC88CE2E56A1E4E546" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
6-7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="19B72E67092E83354D6BF514670DF781" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
). Both
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius kauffmanii" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kauffmanii">Lactarius kauffmanii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1E7143B685222A25BD730160DF848BF4" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius kauffmanii" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kauffmanii">Lactarius kauffmanii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius pseudomucidus" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pseudomucidus">Lactarius pseudomucidus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4AA27FB1F475A4D07B39ED4C6C375426" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius pseudomucidus" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pseudomucidus">Lactarius pseudomucidus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may be confined to Douglas fir/western hemlock forests of the Pacific Northwest (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC225F6EDF4E68147B41DE3B4B7562B1" author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The western North American
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="v." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius circellatus var. borealis" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="circellatus" variety="borealis">Lactarius circellatus v. borealis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39BE667D957431FC7479A1FAE1282C7B" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="v." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius circellatus var. borealis" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="circellatus" variety="borealis">Lactarius circellatus v. borealis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hesler & A.H. Sm. is also similar, however, its pileus is pruinose at first and generally darker and faintly zonate to zonate, it has a dry stipe (never viscid as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius caespitosus" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="caespitosus">Lactarius caespitosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="79C2E82DEAA6BDC21D9BCC2160BFE218" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius caespitosus" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="caespitosus">Lactarius caespitosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), and its lamellae are unstaining when cut (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D5FCEB5EB3635F16352731D6B4B4765C" author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Methven, AS" journalOrPublisher="Mad River Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 79" title="The Agaricales (gilled fungi) of California. 10 Russulaceae II Lactarius" year="1997">Methven 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0505C7BE142628C2E2BF6F2A409BB640" author="Methven, AS" journalOrPublisher="Mad River Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 79" title="The Agaricales (gilled fungi) of California. 10 Russulaceae II Lactarius" year="1997">Methven 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius trivialis" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="trivialis">Lactarius trivialis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="21323518E35D4A7F40F7294F07198F92" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius trivialis" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="trivialis">Lactarius trivialis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is also similar, however it appears to be fairly distantly related (Figure 2A); it has purplish gray to vinaceous colors of the pileus at least when young and smaller basidiospores (7.3-10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AA6A61B6DC291BB81796D8BAFBC504CC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
5.9-7.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="69D0EC34947B377A72C84A4A31C54DFA" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Heilmann-Clausen, J" journalOrPublisher="Danish Mycological Society" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 287" title="The genus Lactarius" year="1998">Heilmann-Clausen et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="40BBC4BA66146BF53A6248CFBB8F4661" author="Heilmann-Clausen, J" journalOrPublisher="Danish Mycological Society" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 287" title="The genus Lactarius" year="1998">Heilmann-Clausen et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius argillaceifolius" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="argillaceifolius">Lactarius argillaceifolius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EC95C4CA98CF60752D4D63AF34B581B8" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius argillaceifolius" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="argillaceifolius">Lactarius argillaceifolius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hesler & A.H. Sm. and its varieties are also similar, however, all feature a more purplish gray pileus at least when young (similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius trivialis" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="trivialis">Lactarius trivialis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AA67B0F64C42A7E6709A859653D60F57" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius trivialis" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="trivialis">Lactarius trivialis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and smaller basidiospores. Variety
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius argillaceifolius var. argillaceifolius" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="argillaceifolius" variety="argillaceifolius">argillaceifolius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C0D557DDE67325257D9FFB20AF06B36D" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius argillaceifolius var. argillaceifolius" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="argillaceifolius" variety="argillaceifolius">argillaceifolius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
appears to be confined to oak forests in central and eastern North America, v.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius megacarpus var. megacarpus" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="megacarpus" variety="megacarpus">megacarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A45579C29FB28361680CE0BC5591E47E" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius megacarpus var. megacarpus" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="megacarpus" variety="megacarpus">megacarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hesler & A.H. Sm. to oak forests in coastal western North America, and v.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius dissimilis var. dissimilis" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="dissimilis" variety="dissimilis">dissimilis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5E7D39E1EBD60C8E1C8BC5167A99E079" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius dissimilis var. dissimilis" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="dissimilis" variety="dissimilis">dissimilis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hesler & A.H. Sm. is represented by only one collection from South Carolina (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4B6ADA9F353F028FAE39E42FEC6C0080" author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<caption id="3A82F0A4B4231308EFAB7DF26FCF7F6C" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EC70A56044D109D38B539D92F5A94AF7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
Figure 11.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius caespitosus" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="caespitosus">Lactarius caespitosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="48F4E17760CED51CD03979C004E3B48E" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius caespitosus" order="Russulales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="caespitosus">Lactarius caespitosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Top collection EB0074-14 under
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B01CA0BE5A2CA191ADBED9DCE58E1568" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, USA. Bottom collection EB095-15 under
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E736858E6F2976188F70CF679BD22787" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="11980712E8E363E010E50361AD57C929" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Crazy Mountains, Montana, USA. Scale bars: 2 cm. Photos by E. Barge.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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