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<document id="3B31EB4EA3A145E6D39E315FA7B50D60" ID-DOI="10.3897/aiep.55.139721" ID-ZooBank="E2B33B2B-DB6A-43C4-9EA4-56376CCE0BD3" ID-publisher-id="139721" URI-arpha="DAEC9D97-3A01-5AAA-95E2-AD52868DF866" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/E2B33B2B-DB6A-43C4-9EA4-56376CCE0BD3" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1742484292910" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cabebe-Barnuevo, Roxanne, Penuela, Dianne Frances, Delloro Jr., Emmanuel S., Babaran, Ricardo P., Motomura, Hiroyuki & Malay, Maria Celia D." docDate="2025" docId="E5BF36A8DE5A5E8AB9AADF1D00B9C2AB" docLanguage="en" docName="Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 55: 51-75" docOrigin="Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 55" docSource="https://aiep.pensoft.net/article/139721/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Aetobatus ocellatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="DAEC9D973A015AAA95E2AD52868DF866" masterDocTitle="Cartilaginous fish diversity in the Western Visayas, Philippines, including two putative unidentified species and the first record of Carcharhinus plumbeus (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1742491947267" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D47082B638BE14845F44B16B05D27943">
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<mods:title id="259A8CA99FB954AD60E6357FDABDD5EA">Cartilaginous fish diversity in the Western Visayas, Philippines, including two putative unidentified species and the first record of Carcharhinus plumbeus (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="83A6DA1FEA7E365F0B40F4AB5143DD8F">Cabebe-Barnuevo, Roxanne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D035C254FE6FA7C65CF2A757DDC1D9C3" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6518-7986</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="78BA85FB2CA53FBAAD0828C5D18E9BBC">University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines & United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="82BDD1180EFE41D0161A82FF71395A30">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CC34E22CFD37D5A73D2CDB273DC2354A">Penuela, Dianne Frances</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="00B361414BBC6EB0BDBE3A7016A254AF" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3382-9037</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="C0DE87D1B9A45AA5E427610DD72F4195">University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="80CC7A925C8926E1613A1DD02E013C49">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5A61288AD252AFEA5CFE4E1CDF865964">Delloro Jr., Emmanuel S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F0D3F2606052BACF1B48174650FB89CC" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3586-9112</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="6D46E905747B37830A6322743DB087F8">University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines & Current affiliation: College of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Mindanao State University at Naawan, Naawan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="3C3CF5652BFF886C6EDB3D5D1A7CA9C8">Babaran, Ricardo P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A955B35412C25AAD0775C57796B10EA5" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4652-3619</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="8C9EB997AE87F0941A0822620DB23387">University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5DA40F605655C4284BF1BF4B85768245">Motomura, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="58868413910E28B4A6D46133CEA4B4D0" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7448-2482</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="6E9191D0C563592697B74AF354F85EA3">Current affiliation: Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="EAD0844DE5ACEA000F19CF5931F2790B">Malay, Maria Celia D.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F3674CEAF9D1C920E7C0C5647E266B82" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0219-4788</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="794FB840E297B9F525C3DF8B29460AD1">University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines & Current affiliation: Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E607A23E542C0904C2401A315239A385">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="3FDAE1D2387B1FF10C3ECB5BF979EFF0">
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<mods:title id="F0CA0AC86601C07C2AA3CFB1E2340EE9">Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5F45B5D974F4B1ECD52D397CEF408765">
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<mods:date id="A1FEE1AA195C941375BC758556941CEA">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="86D2F62102B99A45D6D4AA3B3B782E2A" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="0A48B8396A7166E4E72785348732983C">2025-03-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="1B5E0A2DE8AF66259FDB42D490224DCC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2AE2BFBA027604090667C10324B57C4E">55</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="F2C6525CB2FAD7CBC433F5E512CD7BAA" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="372F0DCBA97B25543737740AEF9B2F01">51</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="003B610F143DE35E304FBD80B704EF5A">75</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="F0B15CF6985CCB5FCD0F07C5D5019371">journal article</mods:classification>
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||||
<mods:identifier id="EB1D0CD38584D671FC2FBA7D4EAFA9FD" type="DOI">10.3897/aiep.55.139721</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="2C1042B76BE6F0BA44FA636B0BDE860D" type="ZooBank">E2B33B2B-DB6A-43C4-9EA4-56376CCE0BD3</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="E5BF36A8DE5A5E8AB9AADF1D00B9C2AB" ID-arpha="E5BF36A8-DE5A-5E8A-B9AA-DF1D00B9C2AB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E5BF36A8DE5A5E8AB9AADF1D00B9C2AB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E5BF36A8DE5A5E8AB9AADF1D00B9C2AB" scope_class="Elasmobranchii" scope_family="Aetobatidae" scope_order="Carcharhiniformes">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="52A93C5941DC17888639A43D27E55C28" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="359FFBE093A7E05196396C55ECB54CFE">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7255565A14D06448439BAAF4387CA878" ID-CoL="65DZW" authority="(Kuhl in Kuhl and van Hasselt, 1823)" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl in Kuhl and van Hasselt" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
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||||
<emphasis id="AF454A8838F72FB68B7805B62B096603" italics="true">Aetobatus ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Kuhl in
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="5635AE8BB1A2942E45E1D1EC5F27FC44" author="Kuhl H & van Hasselt JC" refId="B45" refString="Kuhl H, van Hasselt JC (1823) Uittreksel uit een' brief van Dr. J. C. van Hasselt, aan den Heer C. J. Temminck. Algemein Konst- en Letter-bode I Deel, No. 20, 315 - 317." year="1823">Kuhl and van Hasselt, 1823</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6A24C466CD897584F57FA1E2AA2A3F52" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A2BC49D8B13F19F97FB757386B63706E">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EC18F63A078A19E04FB90806BA63FA12" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Aetobatus ocellatus from Western Visayas, Philippines, UPVMI 3115, 574 mm DW. A body in dorsal view B body in ventral side C oronasal region." figureDoi="10.3897/aiep.55.139721.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1286605">IUCN standard name :: Spotted Eagle Ray Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
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||||
<tableCitation id="CE77AC422A457EAA8862E123B6D18719" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Morphological measurements for the six batoid species collected from Western Visayas, Philippines used in the study. All measurements are expressed as a percentage of disc width (DW), except for Rhinobatos whitei, which are expressed as a percentage of total length (TL)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AA255D457AC3A86592582401B8849EA1" tableUuid="AA255D457AC3A86592582401B8849EA1">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2NCI" type="material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="942AD07788EFE4E13276102A8951E2C9">
|
||||
<heading id="56A1EA2148BBE613B67E05BC7A9C9A8F" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CA8C83C07F93E868C1A390BD8C934FDF">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EBOCI" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas-Museum of Natural Sciences">
|
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<collectionCode id="7E8BD2909624B4B8CD6D32983F18B189">UPVMI</collectionCode>
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||||
</abbrev>
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||||
<quantity id="748D17C4C72F7150DE3B5BB7187B212F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.115574" unit="mm" value="3115574.0">3115, 574 mm</quantity>
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<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFOCI" xlink_title="disc width">DW</abbrev>
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, female, fish landing site, Sibunag,
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<collectingRegion id="DBFCCE636BD549C3801C5D15E2CCFAA2" country="Philippines" name="Guimaras">Guimaras Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="402189EDBBEA072C43F7714102054A0C" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="9067BF53335DE820F6BBB1DAE47EA266" value="2020-10-15">15 October 2020</date>
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, coll. J. Fernandez.
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</paragraph>
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||||
<caption id="4E6B3C290C2892FD58FA28D1414A593A" ID-DOI="10.3897/aiep.55.139721.figure18" ID-arpha="B23DA011-782B-5823-823A-3857F1392D6A" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1286605" startId="F18">
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<paragraph id="32411C49AAE165E8A13F1705CE218F6B">
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<label id="280354A96F589C15D12AF44622C7D496">Figure 18.</label>
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</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="ADD9C54ADCCABC9295F6A922434ADB6E">
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<taxonomicName id="22CD7E0F97B56C4525BFB1571D16D4E2" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
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<emphasis id="E9FAD365479F736262B8DB7DA9FB0CF3" italics="true">Aetobatus ocellatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Western Visayas, Philippines,
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<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3OCI" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas-Museum of Natural Sciences">UPVMI</abbrev>
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3115, 574 mm
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<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAPCI" xlink_title="disc width">DW</abbrev>
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.
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<emphasis id="59294B2699979FC8EDAA7BC0DEE4C488" bold="true">A</emphasis>
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body in dorsal view
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<emphasis id="26569DE437B59673A5C81CA0C434399C" bold="true">B</emphasis>
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||||
body in ventral side
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<emphasis id="D80F1FB0E63A51B7E8678A66F7867918" bold="true">C</emphasis>
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oronasal region.
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</paragraph>
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||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EPPCI" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="56391F14DFA0DFDD1BE1B203F676B094">
|
||||
<heading id="2BB97B386A0F2D932D7B45D8420ABD04" reason="title">Morphological description.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="34A6611C4184EB27581A60EDC0469EAE">Body large; dorsal surface smooth; denticles and thorn absent from middle area; disc rhomboidal and broad, rather wide than long. Eyes moderately small and rounded; spiracles very large, located behind eye rather than below, and completely visible from dorsal view. Snout soft, large, protruding with blunt tip. Mouth moderately large. Nostrils large, partially covered by nasal flap; nasal flap moderately large, V-shaped, with posterior tips reaching lower jaw. Teeth plate on upper jaw rather wide than long in comparison to teeth plate on lower jaw; teeth on lower jaw elongated, extending beyond jaw, making it exposed when mouth is closed. Dorsal fin small, subtriangular with rounded apex. Pectoral fin very large, triangular with rounded apex, originating behind eye; anterior margin concave basally, becoming straight towards middle area, then convex towards rear; posterior margins concave in front, becoming straight towards rear; anterior edge entire or smooth and thick; posterior edge crenate and thin. Pelvic fin moderately elongated with rounded and crenate posterior margin. Tail tapering, very long, whip-like; dorsal and ventral folds absent; two spines positioned just behind dorsal fin; first spine was already removed upon purchase; second spine long, tapering with sharp, serrated margins. Gill slits located on underside short, with five on each side.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="11A88B8BA27D88ED9525E99089ECC3A7">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CA0B2E15D95F3A6E90E6F1F7871DEF9D" bold="true">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F8B18C7C5FEA934A5BEA19FC17CCD020" bold="true" italics="true">Color of fresh specimen</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Dorsal area gray to black covered with small white spots; ventral area white with black fin edges; spots mostly concentrated on the pectoral and pelvic fins; few similar spots on the nape area; tail black.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C8BE4037DFCFF119613899523D9A4333">
|
||||
<emphasis id="239A739174B366A5572CD78B80032C6F" bold="true">
|
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<emphasis id="827C2DCF45F543C042A79A2F3F83A117" bold="true" italics="true">Color of preserved specimen</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Dorsal area dark brown; ventral area pale white; white spots still visible; tail black.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0ECQCI" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="3F920E6D570C180B0B21AAA55BD217F7">
|
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<heading id="39D4C8C15E5108CA9DFD7F9361F01F73" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="447FC157A8C1DEE710B0F2BF9B569EA9">
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Tropical and warm temperate seas of the Indo-West Pacific. Red Sea,
|
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<collectingCountry id="E8D645C091EE7E900692F96C46E56697" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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,
|
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<collectingCountry id="04770E72EF625520FA85AC79D5E21348" name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="17727E5511655C6A33BF9BE37CCB94F1" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="A432B5B3A1528614921F27EE292AC7A5" name="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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, Hawaii,
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<collectingCountry id="51B8861CD6F3873244C6F7760B1F94D1" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="1B7E5E0826451EDED59EA74421374861" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="CBD4E4F70F2FACD79C46EC952FA0B68D" name="Australia">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="76AB8EBB274260D86A6415DD51C1DD35" author="Last" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Last" journalOrPublisher="Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing, Australia" refId="B49" refString="Last PR, White WT, Caira JN Dharmadi, Fahmi, Jensen K, Lim APK, Manjaji-Matsumoto BM, Naylor GJP, Pogonoski JJ, Stevens JD, Yearsley GK (2010) Sharks and Rays of Borneo. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing, Australia, 306 pp." title="Sharks and Rays of Borneo." year="2010">Last et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3258E235A758571CC1D2C722E9E16B99" author="de Carvalho and Soares" firstAuthor="de Carvalho" refId="B20" refString="de Carvalho MR, Soares MC (2022) Family Aetobatidae. In: Heemstra PC, Heemstra E, Ebert DA, Holleman W, Randall JE (Eds) Coastal fishes of the western Indian Ocean. Volume 1. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, South Africa: 624–626, pls. 78–79." year="2022">de Carvalho and Soares 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; this study).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQQCI" type="DNA barcode">
|
||||
<paragraph id="54D371A8A4CD660DC2497EF3A03AACE6">
|
||||
<heading id="E61BABDD9F4E32A828902DFE19D259E2" reason="title">DNA barcode.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F58D343C9541EE74D66200459818FAF9">
|
||||
The
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXQCI" xlink_title="mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3B27949088FD7905D9DDC3467ACA7AB1" italics="true">COI</emphasis>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
sequence of 617 bp was submitted to GenBank under accession number
|
||||
<ext-link id="AFEA9AA2C4DFE2C56135F828E1174F6B" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="OR614475" xlink_type="simple">OR 614475</ext-link>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EARCI" type="conservation status">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6EF980E8ECCFB431AC10AFED5298C11D">
|
||||
<heading id="EF86A05B5E8DFBC464D06BF8AAB7E4E1" reason="title">Conservation status.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3DB6DF706602EC86012DEB6868CC93D6">Vulnerable.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFRCI" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7208F671EF9CD02C25FF6AC57A3B9B99">
|
||||
<heading id="2FC5DF136F03D0E4296523EB0B2BA1AB" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4D55499603F35E53702601EC2936E62A">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0D18231F2CBE93074B706E978E8DC536" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D801110150EB7AE9494C7030BFE31F98" italics="true">Aetobatus ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can grow to a disc width of
|
||||
<quantity id="BA4D0DA7ED5033CA515E48EADFEB40A9" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="mm" value="3000.0">3000 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D67AD3704B29096F12B8BE839022DD75" author="White" editor="Last PR & White WT & Pogonoski JJ" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="White" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper," pagination="141-164" refId="B83" refString="White WT, Last PR, Naylor GJP, Jensen K, Caira JN (2010) Clarification of Aetobatus ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823) as a valid species, and a comparison with Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) (Rajiformes: Myliobatidae). In: Last PR, White WT, Pogonoski JJ (Eds) Descriptions of new sharks and rays from Borneo. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper, 032: 141–164." title="Clarification of Aetobatus ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823) as a valid species, and a comparison with Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) (Rajiformes: Myliobatidae)." volume="32" volumeTitle="Descriptions of new sharks and rays from Borneo." year="2010">White et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and is often found at depths of
|
||||
<quantity id="9064D10930A1FED03580F0D6BF61D541" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9C77727071B34378B5A17B9C8840CC2F" author="Randall and Cea" firstAuthor="Randall" refId="B67" refString="Randall JE, Cea A (2011) Shore fishes of Easter Island. University of Hawai’i Press, 164 pp." year="2011">Randall and Cea 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="89617A42ED2D7DBBFABE5DD780949C66" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="304E487B6E63DF0BBF80427B3C4BB3D3" italics="true">Aetobatus ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was categorized as “ uncertain (?) ” (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6E6409761F03495D6B54886CEE5AC3AD" author="Alava" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Alava" journalOrPublisher="Department of Agriculture Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute and the Marine Wildlife Watch of the Philippines" refId="B1" refString="Alava MN, Gaudiano JP, Utzurrum JT, Capuli EE, Aquino MTR, Luchvez-Maypa MMA, Santos MD (2014) Pating Ka Ba?: An identification guide to sharks, batoids and chimaeras of the Philippines. Department of Agriculture Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute and the Marine Wildlife Watch of the Philippines, 200 pp." title="Pating Ka Ba?: An identification guide to sharks, batoids and chimaeras of the Philippines." year="2014">Alava et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="25E7D1E2FB36B88E29ECCD9574F829E6" author="Santos" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Santos" journalOrPublisher="Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources - National Fisheries Research and Development Institute - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety, Quezon City, Philippines" refId="B70" refString="Santos M, Torres Jr F, Tumilba VM, Sprong F (Eds) (2017) . Sharks and Rays “ Pating ” at “ Pagi ” Philippine Status Report and National Plan of Action 2017–2022. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources – National Fisheries Research and Development Institute – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety, Quezon City, Philippines, 176 pp." title=". Sharks and Rays “ Pating ” at “ Pagi ” Philippine Status Report and National Plan of Action 2017-2022." year="2017">Santos et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); however, the presently reported study confirms its occurrence in the country (see Table
|
||||
<tableCitation id="D51D0F70F4649FC9FC4BEA3FDEAB06F3" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Additional confirmed cartilaginous fish species in Philippine waters." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BE30E6A3970290F73FBADBCC151F2439" tableUuid="BE30E6A3970290F73FBADBCC151F2439">3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). The distribution of this species within Philippine waters should be verified, as previous reports on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7BA226DE709038C3B2BAC6EC88B38BB8" authority="(Euphrasen, 1790)" baseAuthorityName="Euphrasen" baseAuthorityYear="1790" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinari">
|
||||
<emphasis id="78F7DF3BA14658225CDBCF8EB803B5DB" italics="true">Aetobatus narinari</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="668BF223DC5C01AC330F8035373346FA" author="Euphrasen BA" refId="B27" refString="Euphrasen BA (1790) Raja (Narinari). Kongliga Vetenskaps Akademiens nya Handlingar, Stockholm, 11, 217 - 219." year="1790">Euphrasen, 1790</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="A1119DED223B7D344E32D1E4CA94AF19" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||||
may have referred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4E7DEBE37124FE673158B924CB4D0B55" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9D37510B6EB64D24DD3C2BD6C256E173" italics="true">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="BE30E6A3970290F73FBADBCC151F2439" ID-Table-UUID="BE30E6A3970290F73FBADBCC151F2439" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BE30E6A3970290F73FBADBCC151F2439" startId="T3" targetIsTable="true">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B2C85C6DF0521919D89F94AA84B00924">
|
||||
<label id="24DB66E079FCAEC8209022E420A3A4E2">Table 3.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A941DCC7CD334B018FB98D6828E74BDA">Additional confirmed cartilaginous fish species in Philippine waters.</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="299D1C38A4E112B996D7D1934579EEC5">
|
||||
<table id="TID0EBHAK" rules="all">
|
||||
<tbody id="5311B6F82F15DF9C22FB190345D78937">
|
||||
<tr id="CA360DF3A5EC2C845EC70ACFE5C33D57">
|
||||
<th id="84227CEBE93CEB0C07F4D59119DEA8C7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Species</th>
|
||||
<th id="52DE62B2FEDD1DF7D74359E17C35AFDB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
Status based on
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="769118B9003FC6E1CA3F8BEF75A1EDFB" author="Santos M & Torres Jr F & Tumilba VM & Sprong F" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Santos" journalOrPublisher="Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources - National Fisheries Research and Development Institute - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety, Quezon City, Philippines" refId="B70" refString="Santos M, Torres Jr F, Tumilba VM, Sprong F (Eds) (2017) . Sharks and Rays “ Pating ” at “ Pagi ” Philippine Status Report and National Plan of Action 2017–2022. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources – National Fisheries Research and Development Institute – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety, Quezon City, Philippines, 176 pp." title=". Sharks and Rays “ Pating ” at “ Pagi ” Philippine Status Report and National Plan of Action 2017-2022." year="2017">Santos et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="63871CD4BFF37E77CD863CC953314EAC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Remarks</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="A2602E1D0C3105275944F3DAF5C43C0D">
|
||||
<td id="1846CD76B681CABBB7648600ABA26845" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="09241AEE72BBF5AD5022CC293A190F4A" baseAuthorityName="Nardo" baseAuthorityYear="1827" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plumbeus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7CDDDB8E7D1F0D308FBDD7335A419A1D" italics="true">Carcharhinus plumbeus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="FFA2DEA9262B6D030FA8ADB80BD1542A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not included in the original list</td>
|
||||
<td id="37AD471B2F65606734684155FBD28FEA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
New record from the country with institutional codes
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3UCI" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas-Museum of Natural Sciences">UPVMI</abbrev>
|
||||
3119 (391 mm
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAVCI" xlink_title="total length">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EEVCI" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas-Museum of Natural Sciences">UPVMI</abbrev>
|
||||
3120 (363 mm
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EIVCI" xlink_title="total length">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
), and
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EMVCI" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas-Museum of Natural Sciences">UPVMI</abbrev>
|
||||
3183 (370 mm
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQVCI" xlink_title="total length">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
) (this study).
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E83245EED74C53F3CAC734076E21C1AA">
|
||||
<td id="0C4136691B2DB4DD4BD818494323917D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E52E1FB17ABBF10E49B68E0589F83C85" authorityName="Ebert et Wilms" authorityYear="2013" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Pristiophoridae" genus="Pristiophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pristiophoriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F86F27878B12374A7650B7C66F260E36" italics="true">Pristiophorus lanae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="6FB54BF6557F98D480F9614A4F258EEA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">“ Confirmed, NO species account (N) ”</td>
|
||||
<td id="3DEDBD52B02CD3AD122137C05B82D700" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
Specimens deposited in the
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELWCI" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas">UPV</abbrev>
|
||||
- Museum of Natural Sciences includes
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EPWCI" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas-Museum of Natural Sciences">UPVMI</abbrev>
|
||||
1648 (786.4 mm
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETWCI" xlink_title="total length">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E82E7A8C2E90421AB473D77E3EAB9973" author="Koeda and Manjaji-Matsumoto" firstAuthor="Koeda" refId="B44" refString="Koeda K, Manjaji-Matsumoto BM (2017) Family Pristiophoridae. In: Motomura H, Alama UB, Muto N, Babaran RP, Ishikawa S. (Eds) Commercial and bycatch market fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines. Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, University of the Philippines Visayas, Iloilo, and Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, 23." year="2017">Koeda and Manjaji-Matsumoto 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2WCI" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas-Museum of Natural Sciences">UPVMI</abbrev>
|
||||
3126 (700 mm
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E6WCI" xlink_title="total length">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
) (this study).
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="28A9BBA1CE9157CDFB8567248F6951DC">
|
||||
<td id="CBD0A648DA0DEF288E6479ADF6D81E0F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FE19F96A1EED89FBEFACBCD46577A739" authorityName="Last, Corrigan et Naylor" authorityYear="2014" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinopristiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whitei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5804C4E6A2E57D3351DE54271A662E46" italics="true">Rhinobatos whitei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="BFE3C4B9EC44AB2787C8A39AD06E3323" colspan="1" rowspan="1">“ Confirmed, NO species account (N) ”</td>
|
||||
<td id="C0322964B8427672D51451A763D3DEAD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
Specimens deposited in the
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1XCI" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas">UPV</abbrev>
|
||||
- Museum of Natural Sciences include
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5XCI" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas-Museum of Natural Sciences">UPVMI</abbrev>
|
||||
576 (361.1 mm
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECYCI" xlink_title="total length">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D34978A598243A6F279DAAB61A0EC2D3" author="Manjaji-Matsumoto" editor="Motomura H & Alama UB & Muto N & Babaran RP & Ishikawa S" firstAuthor="Manjaji-Matsumoto" journalOrPublisher="Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, University of the Philippines Visayas, Iloilo, and Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan" pagination="24-25" refId="B57" refString="Manjaji-Matsumoto BM (2017) Family Rhinobatidae, Family Urolophidae, Family Dasyatidae. In: Motomura H, Alama UB, Muto N, Babaran RP, Ishikawa S (Eds) Commercial and bycatch market fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines. Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, University of the Philippines Visayas, Iloilo, and Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan, 24–25." title="Family Rhinobatidae, Family Urolophidae, Family Dasyatidae." volumeTitle="Commercial and bycatch market fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines." year="2017">Manjaji-Matsumoto 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EKYCI" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas-Museum of Natural Sciences">UPVMI</abbrev>
|
||||
3127 (702 mm
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EOYCI" xlink_title="total length">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
), and
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESYCI" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas-Museum of Natural Sciences">UPVMI</abbrev>
|
||||
3128 (136 mm
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWYCI" xlink_title="total length">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
) (this study).
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="64FA7CA14AD76C9FF6316331AC77B7C3">
|
||||
<td id="84BCEC29711536CA9C855E8FE39E51CC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AA40AFB56F9D762BBD973A49DE62CD06" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Urolophidae" genus="Urolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="156547748E1B1D5F661A92CBBCD6AEFE" italics="true">Urolophus</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="300A6E9230D2E9F9811840C2A7C1A0D3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not included in the original list</td>
|
||||
<td id="4EEA12780C4EE6B1A5EECABFFFE1F335" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
One specimen (
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENZCI" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas-Museum of Natural Sciences">UPVMI</abbrev>
|
||||
3116) was deposited in the
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ERZCI" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas">UPV</abbrev>
|
||||
- Museum of Natural Sciences, and the other specimen was reported as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E42903A70AA3F6BF2F2399BAF0ACAF9A" authorityName="Muller & Henle" authorityYear="1841" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Urolophidae" genus="Urolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurantiacus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E81511BDC56ACB70AFED2D44F97FCD4D" italics="true">Urolophus aurantiacus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B02AD1FCD230C2E8CA516537482A442F" author="Manjaji-Matsumoto BM" editor="Motomura H & Alama UB & Muto N & Babaran RP & Ishikawa S" firstAuthor="Manjaji-Matsumoto" journalOrPublisher="Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, University of the Philippines Visayas, Iloilo, and Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan" pagination="24-25" refId="B57" refString="Manjaji-Matsumoto BM (2017) Family Rhinobatidae, Family Urolophidae, Family Dasyatidae. In: Motomura H, Alama UB, Muto N, Babaran RP, Ishikawa S (Eds) Commercial and bycatch market fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines. Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, University of the Philippines Visayas, Iloilo, and Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan, 24–25." title="Family Rhinobatidae, Family Urolophidae, Family Dasyatidae." volumeTitle="Commercial and bycatch market fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines." year="2017">Manjaji-Matsumoto (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and has been deposited in the Kagoshima University Museum (KAUM – I. 62938). However, these specimens may represent an undescribed species, as suggested in this study (see remarks under
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D4966AD6B04B64BE40ACA7E53932C22C" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Urolophidae" genus="Urolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3048885F7AC73EB3A509170C86CFB920" italics="true">Urolophus</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="8391D4837D35C63C495BCB540202A7CB">
|
||||
<td id="5C86A9083DCD6CBC99DA8CA9C8ED5D79" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6AD5A89094FA7B081DC2A5092422BB9" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4551CCA99930686BCD79627D559CCF62" italics="true">Himantura</emphasis>
|
||||
sp. 1
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sensu
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5DFA4D874F8BE549230B45FCE7069EE0" DOI="10.1007/s12526-021-01180-1" author="Borsa P & Williams CT & McIvor AJ & Hoareau TB & Berumen ML" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Borsa" refId="B9" refString="Borsa P, Williams CT, McIvor AJ, Hoareau TB, Berumen ML (2021) Neotype designation and re-description of Forsskål’s reticulate whipray Himantura uarnak. Marine Biodiversity 51 (2): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01180-1" year="2021">Borsa et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="8A9BAF1E87B629AC711FA0BFED240C1F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not included in the original list</td>
|
||||
<td id="B68AD27A38C0728DF4A1BE1C3C154C9B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
Borsa et al. (2017) identified two unknown species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8322CE6D57F4974AE982403628E377BD" authorityName="Muller et Henle" authorityYear="1837" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="61120C6898216C73B750A0DE642E1E1B" italics="true">Himantura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and the specimen from this study clustered with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="024AA59CCA4B2B80C20AD434297BEBDF" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2660F8354A6094F58116A2613C76AF38" italics="true">Himantura</emphasis>
|
||||
sp. 1
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see remarks under
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="936A67E26F63B4698745D62D657FB777" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="64EA626A57BD3A3ED7F160CFFA017CBC" italics="true">Himantura</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E3D0E14EC91D349993557F653C2318AC">
|
||||
<td id="C8635E253A4118ECD93B02419EAF7B26" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F5C998392E1F211BED4DCB613C3D454F" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2F3CA54F92682984EE7C1BA48EEFE084" italics="true">Aetobatus ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="B2E3292257FF302D33C4EB73C2E035E9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">“ Uncertain (?) ”</td>
|
||||
<td id="CB7B95C6830DC6C9581447CC3E29D85A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
A specimen was described in this study and deposited in the
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EN3CI" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas">UPV</abbrev>
|
||||
- Museum of Natural Sciences (
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ER3CI" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas-Museum of Natural Sciences">UPVMI</abbrev>
|
||||
3115).
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="54AFC4BF258007E4439F46B6985E8034">
|
||||
The presently reported specimen was identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3E54FACF3EB11BA0E41FEE19A16570A4" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F4171AB3210E11E720C2817544288C38" italics="true">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based primarily on its dark green to black dorsal surface, and the white spots, which were more restricted to the dorsal disc surface and did not extend to the head or eye regions. This identification was supported by molecular evidence (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2C6622AD26F626EFAE7F171114E80016" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of partial COI sequences from batoids, constructed using the Kimura 2 - parameter model. Philippine sequences are identified by UPVMI voucher codes, with related genera color-coded. Bootstrap support values (1,000 replicates) are shown at nodes, and the scale bar represents evolutionary distance in substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/aiep.55.139721.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1286599">12</figureCitation>
|
||||
). On the other hand, color photographs provided by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4F4D14296C56D8F0E568E650A42EDF6A" author="White WT & Last PR & Naylor GJP & Jensen K & Caira JN" editor="Last PR & White WT & Pogonoski JJ" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="White" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper," pagination="141-164" refId="B83" refString="White WT, Last PR, Naylor GJP, Jensen K, Caira JN (2010) Clarification of Aetobatus ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823) as a valid species, and a comparison with Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) (Rajiformes: Myliobatidae). In: Last PR, White WT, Pogonoski JJ (Eds) Descriptions of new sharks and rays from Borneo. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper, 032: 141–164." title="Clarification of Aetobatus ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823) as a valid species, and a comparison with Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) (Rajiformes: Myliobatidae)." volume="32" volumeTitle="Descriptions of new sharks and rays from Borneo." year="2010">White et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, show that the white spots on the dorsal surface of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6C538F14189B66D3E5B55B9BA7683B1C" baseAuthorityName="Euphrasen" baseAuthorityYear="1790" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinari">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F724137D8C516C44B6788A0812919CD2" italics="true">A. narinari</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are evenly distributed throughout the eye, head, and disc areas.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8EA970455B587A68DF2935FBF23D02C1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="66B8BC5ACC41289A38C8D60219897582" author="White WT & Last PR & Naylor GJP & Jensen K & Caira JN" editor="Last PR & White WT & Pogonoski JJ" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="White" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper," pagination="141-164" refId="B83" refString="White WT, Last PR, Naylor GJP, Jensen K, Caira JN (2010) Clarification of Aetobatus ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823) as a valid species, and a comparison with Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) (Rajiformes: Myliobatidae). In: Last PR, White WT, Pogonoski JJ (Eds) Descriptions of new sharks and rays from Borneo. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper, 032: 141–164." title="Clarification of Aetobatus ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823) as a valid species, and a comparison with Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) (Rajiformes: Myliobatidae)." volume="32" volumeTitle="Descriptions of new sharks and rays from Borneo." year="2010">White et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
identified the major distinction between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2D9BC9069D51A405EE77E6528C453246" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D63B49D5655E9E6479917A2D2330C790" italics="true">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F7C689FBE32D2CF7006CFBD638EA12E" baseAuthorityName="Euphrasen" baseAuthorityYear="1790" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinari">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3B39CFCCFFC256FFD5D5B5D6F1DA213A" italics="true">A. narinari</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as the background coloration on dorsal surface:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5EDE8835F8F2B93E2CAD30574BBE580B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E4A60C649AD870B45F3FD94CFE18CBB8" italics="true">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
exhibit dark greenish, grayish, or nearly blackish color, sometimes with a pinkish tinge, whereas
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E7E738DC9FDBB41AE80EA35F987F0A06" baseAuthorityName="Euphrasen" baseAuthorityYear="1790" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinari">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F9A4D086FCCC503034681917F91FC6B9" italics="true">A. narinari</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is much paler yellowish-brown. Moreover, these two species show minor morphometric differences:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A35E2AF08336A52246A4C34C1CD47E2C" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CD0008EC385D73D55F930B052E9D3BB3" italics="true">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a mean total length (measured from snout tip to tip of tail) of 281 %
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ES6CI" xlink_title="disc width">DW</abbrev>
|
||||
and a mean tail length (from anteriormost edge of the cloaca to the tail tip) of 230 %
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EW6CI" xlink_title="disc width">DW</abbrev>
|
||||
, whereas
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7A23B574BBA17C0D414DCAAD4C2041AE" baseAuthorityName="Euphrasen" baseAuthorityYear="1790" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinari">
|
||||
<emphasis id="45F26C75174C4A974E74C5A6098845D0" italics="true">A. narinari</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
measures a total length of 263 % and a tail length of 208 %
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFADI" xlink_title="disc width">DW</abbrev>
|
||||
. The Philippine specimen, with a total length of 271 % and a tail length of 219 %
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJADI" xlink_title="disc width">DW</abbrev>
|
||||
, is closer to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="019C9524C8D566E8A68798CB838C3E70" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AF241FA88E2C63D78BDBCC7274B88930" italics="true">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(4 % difference) in total length, compared to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E68C9FBB6DB0E03305B547F3B96795C2" baseAuthorityName="Euphrasen" baseAuthorityYear="1790" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinari">
|
||||
<emphasis id="008A5044AEB27196BE9F402248955F7F" italics="true">A. narinari</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(3 %). Both species show a similar 5 % difference in tail length relative to the Philippine specimen. Therefore, based on its dark green to black dorsal coloration,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EEBDI" xlink_title="mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ABCA6EB9D78916F5F14009D859AA48DC" italics="true">COI</emphasis>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
data, and total length, the Philippine specimen aligns more closely with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4803A0E2A976AD101A77BF5EA8417A01" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7B3078A50D8EA188393D89113A2EB14A" italics="true">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
306
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306
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|
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|
||||
<mods:identifier id="BB1B6DD468F443DEAE04EBB5321F02D5" type="ZooBank">E2B33B2B-DB6A-43C4-9EA4-56376CCE0BD3</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="F609978CDC315C52B1EAFF134A25999B" ID-arpha="F609978C-DC31-5C52-B1EA-FF134A25999B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F609978CDC315C52B1EAFF134A25999B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F609978CDC315C52B1EAFF134A25999B" scope_class="Elasmobranchii" scope_family="Chimaeridae" scope_order="Carcharhiniformes">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="92542C9AADD6DC5BB64C8FA2B9410CC7" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="237EB1ABFE1E0AE2D7C24572B8CBCA6B">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5DB255B7A4A67658075FB976EE21210C" ID-CoL="69S9B" authority="Jordan et Snyder, 1900" authorityName="Jordan et Snyder" authorityYear="1900" class="Holocephali" family="Chimaeridae" genus="Chimaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chimaeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phantasma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81C459269A69E1D6A81693B519EE4DA2" italics="true">Chimaera phantasma</emphasis>
|
||||
Jordan et Snyder, 1900
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A6D1D0FFE59CB9A5E74FE28203B86FED" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2C5A5C48DB9D19252842FD3F59A48577">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0CD7D7ADEBF292739152089C77333CB4" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Chimaera phantasma from Western Visayas, Philippines, UPVMI 3118, 889 mm TL (tail broken) A body in lateral view B head in lateral view C oronasal region." figureDoi="10.3897/aiep.55.139721.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1286588">IUCN standard name :: Silver Chimaera Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C0A792E161C36895793DD233DC103552" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological measurements for the six shark species collected from Western Visayas, Philippines used in the study. All measurements are expressed as a percentage of total length (TL)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/33F5AA55EB6798C1583F82BE01C43156" tableUuid="33F5AA55EB6798C1583F82BE01C43156">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E6HAG" type="material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8D4BB83CE821EDD575DED7E9C8C79690">
|
||||
<heading id="E48D0DC37E26A990372FAE07EA5FB5FE" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="97DA39C816AAA43D4B9770147FF6C5B0">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFIAG" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas-Museum of Natural Sciences">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="10ACCF0F8A879729AA8E0EB8A6243A87">UPVMI</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
<quantity id="96801B5906C99D94B8D35C275D0E8C2B" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.118889" unit="mm" value="3118889.0">3118, 889 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJIAG" xlink_title="total length">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
(tail broken), female, fish market, Culasi,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="E4068B72712D39E6CFC19FB6BEF6BA40" country="Philippines" name="Antique">Antique Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2DA3781D2CBA8D7864FF09C8E1C4876E" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="2E109E539AD2A83D53D3074AC23222E7" value="2020-07-27">27 July 2020</date>
|
||||
, coll. E. A. Obar.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="F2F8977998B6F2241C0469AD2C7B2DAB" ID-DOI="10.3897/aiep.55.139721.figure2" ID-arpha="34A2C926-4BC3-5EDE-8FBC-9A81470668EA" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1286588" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BD82CF9729F94A1DD9A7050CC0CEBF98">
|
||||
<label id="F8B19902A63963FC29C631DB807EBCBD">Figure 2.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9867E3ED7C7BB46B7BFA907BB63F6BBC">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="322BC6BF5CAC9B8F3453C94087487BD0" authorityName="Jordan & Snyder" authorityYear="1900" class="Holocephali" family="Chimaeridae" genus="Chimaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chimaeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phantasma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6B4F58476E9EE475A4D78F046F489D01" italics="true">Chimaera phantasma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Western Visayas, Philippines,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAJAG" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas-Museum of Natural Sciences">UPVMI</abbrev>
|
||||
3118, 889 mm
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EEJAG" xlink_title="total length">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
(tail broken)
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACB4178EC075BFA7A25D3D01CABCE0AB" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||||
body in lateral view
|
||||
<emphasis id="575CFF5ECE206A7C2D1301B942FEA3DC" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||||
head in lateral view
|
||||
<emphasis id="74A606BB93C698D51F9B03154011D049" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||||
oronasal region.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETJAG" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C099C09EF386374C616691B799CB1255">
|
||||
<heading id="3245E826485F8D1813C727200DABC45E" reason="title">Morphological description.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4882125D4449E62058A0C0FC89578596">Body large, compressed, elongated, and tapering towards tail; lateral-line canals prominent and wavy. Head large; lateral-line canals straight rather than wavy. Eyes large, horizontally circular; spiracles absent. Snout short, rounded and very soft; tips gelatinous. Mouth small, connected to nostrils. Nostrils large and rounded. Tooth plates on upper jaw two (obviously separated), broad; tooth plate on lower jaw single, pointed, and curved. First dorsal fin tall with a single, erectile spine; first dorsal spine slender, smooth in front, sharply serrated behind; second dorsal fin short and spineless; dorsal-fin base long, extended to tail area. Anal fin short, deeply notched; anal-fin base small. Pectoral fin large, leaf-shaped; apex bluntly rounded. Pelvic fin small, broadly ovoid. Caudal fin elongated, tapering, lanceolate with distinct upper and lower lobes. Most of posterior portion of tail cut off, but remaining parts of tail narrow, rounded, with smooth edges, and whip-like.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C2C4670DF6801AD6D7504AA9FFEAE914">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E551FA0D1F9298509BD7B3137A4C9AEF" bold="true">
|
||||
<emphasis id="69F3264A25BBE4D3EBC5F78ABAD1165D" bold="true" italics="true">Color of fresh specimen</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Body surface silver, underside white; snout black; fin edges black.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0226752E5B2D983D2D40DFAA2DF3B68C">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E8CEB222484CC7C43A63072C0F711E54" bold="true">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2E799986697DD2C55749A8A25D4839C" bold="true" italics="true">Color of preserved specimen</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Body surface and fins brown; underside dusky white to gray; snout surface area darker brown, underside white; dorsal-, anal-, and caudal-fin edges black.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGKAG" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1FB790898F53FE2CB57BA3A2AECBA7E4">
|
||||
<heading id="FDD48123F6CD743074FF3B178873A9BA" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AA5C54BD45B40BF15BAB6FA2E46870BD">
|
||||
western Pacific.
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F98A6A7F2A10915311BC2AE6E54313CE" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="AEEAA38DE4AAB4C8F5566935C11F66BE" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Borneo, and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CE809165B0CE845EAC5E526595008B47" name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="032C5991502F21AF3B07E54AF09C829E" author="Last" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Last" journalOrPublisher="Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing, Australia" refId="B49" refString="Last PR, White WT, Caira JN Dharmadi, Fahmi, Jensen K, Lim APK, Manjaji-Matsumoto BM, Naylor GJP, Pogonoski JJ, Stevens JD, Yearsley GK (2010) Sharks and Rays of Borneo. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing, Australia, 306 pp." title="Sharks and Rays of Borneo." year="2010">Last et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="62968ED2E652497EF1A5AE9CC3530BFF" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3752.1.17" author="Ebert" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ebert" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="279-386" refId="B26" refString="Ebert DA, White WT, Ho HC, Last PR, Nakaya K, Seret B, Straube N, Naylor GJP, de Carvalho MR (2013) An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Taiwan. Zootaxa 3752 (1): 279–386. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3752.1.17" title="An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Taiwan." volume="3752" year="2013">Ebert et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EUKAG" type="DNA barcode">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D7BB5DC865AEE0A230B87F5213C07C34">
|
||||
<heading id="83D953D606EA932D64B9318F8910AF8E" reason="title">DNA barcode.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="560505BA3722306D930E9D9DA61FF5AC">
|
||||
The
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2KAG" xlink_title="mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FBCCB428484CBDF9D2A3315AA9AB0242" italics="true">COI</emphasis>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
sequence of 650 base pairs (bp) was submitted to GenBank under accession number
|
||||
<ext-link id="C208A2E63CFC604E148AA1A220432949" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="OR614464" xlink_type="simple">OR 614464</ext-link>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EELAG" type="conservation status">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8C1D2E8C7248435E7716B814FCDF9F11">
|
||||
<heading id="2113049AD68C8A9A422BC08A3B810675" reason="title">Conservation status.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="82C6F2EFE63C029E7038D7D8C23D470B">Vulnerable.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJLAG" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="039550854A044723054C9D1719B24E58">
|
||||
<heading id="35B98AD0CEF79A6E7DCE3F608E3AC043" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EA1EE55F0384F05D8895069896D1BD7E">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5A71598780207B9DF3F57F64DDC0ED6D" authorityName="Jordan & Snyder" authorityYear="1900" class="Holocephali" family="Chimaeridae" genus="Chimaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chimaeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phantasma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6561A6CCA2A4FE642B019ED748FC2847" italics="true">Chimaera phantasma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can reach a maximum total length of
|
||||
<quantity id="C6B158E99F5CF391D7F546E17664C7C7" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||||
and typically inhabits depths ranging from
|
||||
<quantity id="958414623CE22DAA17336EDF2C2A367A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="0.9" unit="m" value="315.0" valueMax="540.0" valueMin="90.0">90–540 m</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F2145FB5C24D5062BC34A553BE6251FA" author="Compagno" editor="Carpenter KE & Niem VH" firstAuthor="Compagno" journalOrPublisher="The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes, part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome" pagination="1531-1537" refId="B12" refString="Compagno LJV (1999) Chimaeras. In: Carpenter KE, Niem VH (Eds) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes, part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome, 1531–1537." title="Chimaeras." volumeTitle="FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes." year="1999">Compagno 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). There have been reports of occurrences in Philippine waters, including
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="885F1B3CE3A05B1AC4E4B6A14E856ED1" country="Philippines" name="Batangas">Batangas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="861C0C1D0E7D8F906354A6CCAD65A018" country="Philippines" name="Cebu">Cebu</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="ED4C4E9451CC3B9BDA2FFF9E1EB867A7" country="Philippines" name="Negros Oriental">Negros Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(Dumaguete),
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2EBBF974DE4D04F814058959628DEA84" country="Philippines" name="Palawan">Palawan</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2B25350ED0D319A20A387278AB710238" country="Philippines" name="Zamboanga del Norte">Zamboanga Del Norte</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(Dapitan and Dipolog cities) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="905A4CCFA36514046E7FC6F972D6ACAE" author="Compagno" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" refId="B18" refString="Compagno LJV, Last PR, Stevens JD, Alava MNR (2005) Checklist of Philippine Chondrichthyes. CSIRO Marine Laboratories Report 243, 103 pp." year="2005">Compagno et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="ECEE508264CE65E8DFC38AF9D89B8C5E" DOI="10.31398/tpjf/30.2.2022-0021" author="Aquino" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Aquino" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Philippine Journal of Fisheries" pagination="162-198" refId="B3" refString="Aquino MTR, Alava MNR, Utzurrum J, Abalo DL, Gaudiano JPA, Santos MD (2023) Annotated checklist of cartilaginous fishes in Palawan waters. Philippine Journal of Fisheries 30 (2): 162–198. https://doi.org/10.31398/tpjf/30.2.2022-0021" title="Annotated checklist of cartilaginous fishes in Palawan waters." volume="30" year="2023">Aquino et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="961DFBCA5FBD54280816C7ABF4CEA9E5">
|
||||
The specimen collected in this study was identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5F5522C410A3DE9A7E9BB4C004F88D7A" authorityName="Jordan & Snyder" authorityYear="1900" class="Holocephali" family="Chimaeridae" genus="Chimaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chimaeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phantasma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4267ECF176B7606BC635D812135F34BD" italics="true">C. phantasma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on its
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUMAG" xlink_title="mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7F5164483AFE5469CD6177C2AF2945B3" italics="true">COI</emphasis>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
data (see Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="703FF833187EC255315F881D438DE1AB" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of partial COI sequences from chimaeras and sharks, constructed using the Kimura 2 - parameter model. Philippine sequences are identified by UPVMI voucher codes, with related genera color-coded. Bootstrap support values (1000 replicates) are shown at nodes, and the scale bar represents evolutionary distance in substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/aiep.55.139721.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1286589">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and morphological characteristics, including a silver, tapering body with a blunt, fleshy snout; a wavy lateral line; a long first dorsal spine extending beyond the fin apex; an anal fin separated from the caudal fin by a shallow notch; and grayish to blackish fins. These features match the description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D06D7DDA06A6653E394D7FE84FDE05E8" authorityName="Jordan & Snyder" authorityYear="1900" class="Holocephali" family="Chimaeridae" genus="Chimaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chimaeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phantasma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="01BC28823D2DFBE7B100C0DE0775554E" italics="true">C. phantasma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
provided by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="71360654540941B88DA7168D211D6994" DOI="10.5479/si.00963801.23-1213.335" author="Jordan DS & Snyder JO" firstAuthor="Jordan" issue="1213" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pagination="335-380" refId="B42" refString="Jordan DS, Snyder JO (1900) A list of fishes collected in Japan by Keinosuke Otaki, and by the United States steamer Albatross, with descriptions of fourteen new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 23 (1213): 335–380. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.23-1213.335" title="A list of fishes collected in Japan by Keinosuke Otaki, and by the United States steamer Albatross, with descriptions of fourteen new species." volume="23" year="1900">Jordan and Snyder (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="930B54B46C02982764069E132B96B62E" author="Last PR & White WT & Pogonoski JJ" editor="Last PR & White WT & Pogonoski JJ" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Last" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper" pagination="341-348" refId="B48" refString="Last PR, White WT, Pogonoski JJ (2008) Chimaera argiloba sp. nov., a new species of chimaerid (Chimaeriformes: Chimaeridae) from Northern Australia. In: Last PR, White WT, Pogonoski JJ (Eds) Descriptions of new Australian chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper 22: 341–348." title="Chimaera argiloba sp. nov., a new species of chimaerid (Chimaeriformes: Chimaeridae) from Northern Australia." volume="22" volumeTitle="Descriptions of new Australian chondrichthyans." year="2008">Last et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="ECC9166448F46D1E922A77A151A4D560" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4375.2.2" author="Finucci B & White WT & Kemper JM & Naylor GJP" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Finucci" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="191-210" refId="B31" refString="Finucci B, White WT, Kemper JM, Naylor GJP (2018) Redescription of Chimaera ogilbyi (Chimaeriformes; Chimaeridae) from the Indo-Australian region. Zootaxa 4375 (2): 191–210. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4375.2.2" title="Redescription of Chimaera ogilbyi (Chimaeriformes; Chimaeridae) from the Indo-Australian region." volume="4375" year="2018">Finucci et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Molecular data analysis suggests that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B575E739A072351DBCE8EE198F046B92" authority="Last, White et Pogonoski, 2008" authorityName="Last, White et Pogonoski" authorityYear="2008" class="Holocephali" family="Chimaeridae" genus="Chimaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chimaeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argiloba">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E971D1C68A462D7630ABFD63A9FD6069" italics="true">Chimaera argiloba</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="03B773A54198F574BF6DA9B5AAC7A64B" author="Last PR & White WT & Pogonoski JJ" editor="Last PR & White WT & Pogonoski JJ" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper" pagination="341-348" refId="B48" refString="Last PR, White WT, Pogonoski JJ (2008) Chimaera argiloba sp. nov., a new species of chimaerid (Chimaeriformes: Chimaeridae) from Northern Australia. In: Last PR, White WT, Pogonoski JJ (Eds) Descriptions of new Australian chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper 22: 341-348." title="Chimaera argiloba sp. nov., a new species of chimaerid (Chimaeriformes: Chimaeridae) from Northern Australia." volume="22" volumeTitle="Descriptions of new Australian chondrichthyans." year="2008">Last, White et Pogonoski, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="87F26667D5A82201391057E1E83A8348" authority="Waite, 1898" authorityName="Waite" authorityYear="1898" class="Holocephali" family="Chimaeridae" genus="Chimaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chimaeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ogilbyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A014B05D8D4230D7D116709654A85FDB" italics="true">Chimaera ogilbyi</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F18ED59662B9EDE2EB465C3779A1FDCB" author="Waite ER" journalOrPublisher="Official report, Sydney" refId="B78" refString="Waite ER (1898) New South Wales fisheries. Trawling operations off the coast of New South Wales, between the Manning River and Jervis Bay, carried on by H. M. C. S. " Thetis ". Scientific report on the fishes. Official report, Sydney, 62 pp." title="New South Wales fisheries. Trawling operations off the coast of New South Wales, between the Manning River and Jervis Bay, carried on by H. M. C. S. “ Thetis ”. Scientific report on the fishes." year="1898">Waite, 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="966E81347205CDE9B0828523CCE13128" authorityName="Jordan & Snyder" authorityYear="1900" class="Holocephali" family="Chimaeridae" genus="Chimaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chimaeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phantasma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B2CBD077635E497A5F0E971B33C4E92D" italics="true">C. phantasma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are closely related species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2B667853775CFA8DCD3447A591B59823" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4375.2.2" author="Finucci" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Finucci" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="191-210" refId="B31" refString="Finucci B, White WT, Kemper JM, Naylor GJP (2018) Redescription of Chimaera ogilbyi (Chimaeriformes; Chimaeridae) from the Indo-Australian region. Zootaxa 4375 (2): 191–210. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4375.2.2" title="Redescription of Chimaera ogilbyi (Chimaeriformes; Chimaeridae) from the Indo-Australian region." volume="4375" year="2018">Finucci et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This relationship is also observed in the phylogenetic tree generated in this study (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D8CF84620F2D663C871669B2E4CC9078" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of partial COI sequences from chimaeras and sharks, constructed using the Kimura 2 - parameter model. Philippine sequences are identified by UPVMI voucher codes, with related genera color-coded. Bootstrap support values (1000 replicates) are shown at nodes, and the scale bar represents evolutionary distance in substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/aiep.55.139721.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1286589">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). However, according to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9C2E5386A2424E5D0783B86B16F39D0E" author="Last PR & White WT & Pogonoski JJ" editor="Last PR & White WT & Pogonoski JJ" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Last" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper" pagination="341-348" refId="B48" refString="Last PR, White WT, Pogonoski JJ (2008) Chimaera argiloba sp. nov., a new species of chimaerid (Chimaeriformes: Chimaeridae) from Northern Australia. In: Last PR, White WT, Pogonoski JJ (Eds) Descriptions of new Australian chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper 22: 341–348." title="Chimaera argiloba sp. nov., a new species of chimaerid (Chimaeriformes: Chimaeridae) from Northern Australia." volume="22" volumeTitle="Descriptions of new Australian chondrichthyans." year="2008">Last et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9496945270EDBD02A5A4203E5FCBAEB1" authorityName="Jordan & Snyder" authorityYear="1900" class="Holocephali" family="Chimaeridae" genus="Chimaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chimaeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phantasma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1344908B53360C176B8FACCC74786AD0" italics="true">C. phantasma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0555A3F9ABF0EA2F7014BEE22C459F9A" authorityName="Last, White et Pogonoski" authorityYear="2008" class="Holocephali" family="Chimaeridae" genus="Chimaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chimaeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argiloba">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1DD8A918E711FE5AB1ED2A22FBDD77AE" italics="true">C. argiloba</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by its uniformly gray to black first dorsal fin (vs. pale gray with a distinct white posterior margin in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="439C906BAD88E373785A1A8BEB0909AC" authorityName="Last, White et Pogonoski" authorityYear="2008" class="Holocephali" family="Chimaeridae" genus="Chimaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chimaeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argiloba">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E23540EF110D553AD6FDE879F89F5085" italics="true">C. argiloba</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), and black pectoral fins (vs. gray to brown). Furthermore,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7B8533AF3FC7E44C0C10FE8E237DE0F9" authorityName="Jordan & Snyder" authorityYear="1900" class="Holocephali" family="Chimaeridae" genus="Chimaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chimaeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phantasma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2FC2029AF0E1AED81E391CE2F72809D1" italics="true">C. phantasma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be easily distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1FC9F0936CF3F2ECE187A0B90CC97CCF" authorityName="Waite" authorityYear="1898" class="Holocephali" family="Chimaeridae" genus="Chimaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chimaeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ogilbyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D8AA2109C992D0B036B26BB983851CF4" italics="true">C. ogilbyi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the presence of an anal fin (vs. absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6892A67370C9E9CF656A6498D3302B7D" authorityName="Waite" authorityYear="1898" class="Holocephali" family="Chimaeridae" genus="Chimaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chimaeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ogilbyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8A02AE1B1B389026BA35132A6247F3AD" italics="true">C. ogilbyi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="912C94920A3AF983C8041C464DB8A61E" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4375.2.2" author="Finucci" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Finucci" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="191-210" refId="B31" refString="Finucci B, White WT, Kemper JM, Naylor GJP (2018) Redescription of Chimaera ogilbyi (Chimaeriformes; Chimaeridae) from the Indo-Australian region. Zootaxa 4375 (2): 191–210. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4375.2.2" title="Redescription of Chimaera ogilbyi (Chimaeriformes; Chimaeridae) from the Indo-Australian region." volume="4375" year="2018">Finucci et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C708A2B20A00720442750F8D62A4BE53" ID-DOI="10.3897/aiep.55.139721.figure3" ID-arpha="A8645B0E-A14F-5FE8-883C-C825D9474F2D" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1286589" startId="F3">
|
||||
<paragraph id="751FC158CCBE83D4143D1374FB2ED5F7">
|
||||
<label id="A18506AF944DDA84A27E066C582C1D36">Figure 3.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="20BEA4059A752D9940D94EA6920A8F0F">
|
||||
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of partial
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EPRAG" xlink_title="mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I">
|
||||
<emphasis id="00D0D55DA2BB8004491372F4CEF6FC68" italics="true">COI</emphasis>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
sequences from chimaeras and sharks, constructed using the Kimura 2 - parameter model. Philippine sequences are identified by
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETRAG" xlink_title="University of the Philippines Visayas-Museum of Natural Sciences">UPVMI</abbrev>
|
||||
voucher codes, with related genera color-coded. Bootstrap support values (1000 replicates) are shown at nodes, and the scale bar represents evolutionary distance in substitutions per site.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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Reference in a new issue