From c888387aaf5edba3ca0885a91604591542e1b11b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Tue, 5 Nov 2024 15:34:34 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-11-05 15:28:30 --- .../87/371C87C9020CA058FF70FAFBFDE58AE4.xml | 493 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 493 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/37/1C/87/371C87C9020CA058FF70FAFBFDE58AE4.xml diff --git a/data/37/1C/87/371C87C9020CA058FF70FAFBFDE58AE4.xml b/data/37/1C/87/371C87C9020CA058FF70FAFBFDE58AE4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d80bae409ea --- /dev/null +++ b/data/37/1C/87/371C87C9020CA058FF70FAFBFDE58AE4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,493 @@ + + + +Three new tubificine species (Annelida: Clitellata: Naididae) from Japan + + + +Author + +Ohtaka, Akifumi +Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036 - 8560, Japan & Present address: Fujimidai, Hirosaki, Aomori 036 - 8143, Japan + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +5529 + + +1 + + +186 +200 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5529.1.10 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5529.1.10 +1175-5326 +14021730 +0638152C-95A7-4D67-B1FE-72B98A0996D0 + + + + + + + +Varichaetadrilus salinus + +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figures 8–9 +) + + + + + + +Holotype +. + +NSMT-An 1929 +, a whole-mounted mature and complete +specimen +, + +22 September 2012 + +, coll. +A. Ohtaka + +. + + +Type locality. +Offshore +of an oligohaline +Lake Ushiro-gata +on the +Tsugaru Peninsula +, +Goshogawara City +, +Aomori Prefecture +, +Honshu +, +Japan +( + +41.02097° +N + +, + +140.32534° +E + +), + +0.9 m + +deep with muddy bottom. + + + + +Paratypes +. + +NSMT-An 1930–1931 +, +two +whole-mounted mature specimens; one is complete, the other is incomplete posteriorly; locality, date and collector the same as for the holotype + +. + + + +Other material examined +. + + +Four mature +and +five immature +specimens mounted on slides; locality, date and collector the same as for the holotype + +. + +One whole-mounted mature +specimen +from the type locality, + +3 September 2022 + + +. + +Two mature +and +six immature +whole-mounted specimens from offshore +Lake Mae-kata +( +41.02623°N +, +140.3500°E +), located north of the type locality, Ushiro-gata, + +1.2 m + +deep with muddy bottom + +. + + + + +Etymology. +The specific name refers to the environments of the brackish lakes from which the specimens were collected. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Body 5.5–11.0 mm long in preserved state. Chaetae all bifid with shorter upper teeth; +2–3 in +preclitellar bundles, +0–1 in +postclitellar bundles. No modified genital chaetae. Vasa deferentia long and tubular. Atria tubular with solid prostate glands at the ental portion. Penes large, opening at XI ventrally. Penial sheaths thin and finger cot-shaped. Spermathecae absent. + + + + +Description. +Live worms reddish anteriorly, pinkish posteriorly. Body +8–15 mm +long in living state, 5.5–11.0 mm long in preserved state. Width +0.20–0.32 mm +at middle of body. Segments 48–68. Prostomium pointed conical ( +Fig. 8A +); length 55–64 µm, almost as long as basal diameter. Segments II to VI biannulate ( +Fig. 8A +), each with short anterior and long, chaetae-bearing posterior annuli. Segment from IX on elongate, longer than diameter. Posterior end of +0.5–1.5 mm +tapering with many transverse furrows. Body wall smooth and thin, epidermis 4–8 μm thick. Clitellum from 2/3 X to end of XII, 9–15 μm thick, glandular. Coelomocytes not found throughout the body. Pharynx in II and III, dorsal wall thicker than ventral wall ( +Fig. 8B +). Pharyngeal glands attached on pharynx dorsally in II–IV. Chloragogen cells beginning in VI, thinly covering the alimentary canal. Transverse vessels forming complicated loops in I–VII, thick in VII and VIII as hearts ( +Fig. 8B +). In middle and posterior segments dorsal vessel 17–26 μm thick, thicker than ventral vessel (9–16 μm thick); a simple transverse vessel connecting dorsal and ventral vessels in the posterior third of each segment ( +Fig. 8C +). Nephridia not observed in any segments. + + + +FIGURE 8. + +Varichaetadrils salinus + + +sp. nov. + +from Lake Ushiro-gata, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. +A. +Lateral view of anterior segments (holotype). +B. +Parasagittal section of anterior segments, showing vascular system and alimentary canal. +C. +The same in posterior segments, anterior body end to the left. +D. +Ventral chaeta in an anterior segment. +E +, +F. +The same,variations of the distal ends. +G. +Ventral chaeta in a posterior segment. +H. +The same, distal end. + + + +Chaetae all bifid crotchets; the form, size and number not different between dorsal and ventral bundles. In preclitellar segments, chaetae 2–3, rarely 4 per bundle, 45–60 μm long; nodulus situated 1/3–1/4 from distal end, and distal teeth slightly diverging ( +Fig. 8D +): upper tooth half to 2/3 as long as, and thinner than lower one ( +Fig. 8E, F +). In clitellar segments (X–XII) chaetae 1–2 per bundle, 40–55 μm long; segment XI devoid of ventral chaetae. In postclitellar segments, chaetae 0–1 per bundle, 40–50 μm long ( +Fig. 8G +); nodulus situated slightly distally to the middle, and upper tooth slightly shorter and much thinner than curved lower tooth ( +Fig. 8H +). + + +Gonads and copulatory organs paired. Testes in X, ovaries in XI. Male funnels on ventral part of anterior face of 10/11, 75–96 µm in diameter ( +Fig. 9A +). Vasa deferentia not coiled up, about 400 µm long, 11–14 µm wide throughout course, with thin wall of 1.5 µm, ciliated, entering atrium apically. Atria tubular, about 300 µm long, 24–37 µm wide, with thick (5–10 µm) and glandular inner epithelium and with thin muscular cover ( +Fig. 9B +). A solid prostate gland, about 40 µm wide, connected with ental portion of atrium through a short stalk. Ejaculatory ducts not detected. Large penes, each set in deep and narrow penial pouch opening at posterior 2/3 of XI ventrally. Penial sheaths thin and finger cot-shaped ( +Fig. 9 C–E +), 32–40 µm long, 18–23 µm wide at base, sometimes with weak wrinkles at the ental part. Female funnels on ventral part of anterior face of 11/12, about 50 µm in diameter. Spermathecae absent in all ten mature specimens examined. Sperm sac in X–XI. Egg sac in XI–XII. + + + + +FIGURE 9. +Male reproductive organs in + +Varichaetadrilus salinus + + +sp. nov. + +from Lake Ushiro-gata, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. +A. +Male duct. +B. +Cross section of atrium. +C +, +D +, +E. +Variations of penial sheaths. + + + + +Distribution and habitat. +The present new species was collected from muddy bottoms in shallow ( +0.9–1.2 m +deep) Lake Ushiro-gata and the neighboring L. Mae-kata, both in the Tsugaru Peninsula, +Aomori Prefecture +, +Japan +. Temperature of bottom water in Lake Ushiro-gata was 24.5°C, with a pH of 9.0 ( +22nd September 2012 +). Lakes Ushiro-gata and Mae-kata are oligohaline, with electrical conductivity ranging from 10 to 15 mS +cm-1 +and salinity ranging from 0.8 to 1.2%. + + + + +Remarks. +The genus + +Varichaetadrilus + +was originally erected by +Brinkhurst (1981) +as + +Varichaeta + +and renamed by +Brinkhurst & Kathman (1983) +due to the existence of the preoccupied dipteran genus name + +Varichaeta +Speiser. + +This genus was initially defined by the presence of hair and pectinate chaetae, long tubular atria with a small subapically attached prostate gland, distinct penes with sheaths, lack of modified spermathecal chaetae, and lack or only slightly modification of penial chaetae ( +Brinkhurst & Kathman 1983 +). Hair and pectinate chaetae, and small-sized prostate glands should be removed from the genus diagnosis because several species without hair and/ or pectinate chaetae [ + +V. psammophilus +( +Loden, 1977 +) + +, + +V. fulleri +Brinkhurst & Kathman, 1983 + +, + +V. angustipenis +( +Brinkhurst & Cook, 1966 +) + +, + +V. vestibulatus +Cui & Wang, 2009 + +] and species with a large prostate gland [ + +V. harmani +( +Loden, 1979 +) + +and + +V. bizkaiensis +Rodriguez & Giani, 1984 + +] have been incorporated in the genus ( +Timm 2006 +). Absence of modified spermathecal chaetae is also canceled from the generic criteria because conspicuously modified spermathecal chaetae have been reported in + +V. vestibulatus + +. The spermathecal chaetae of + +V. vestibulatus + +are typical of + +Isochaetides + +, suggesting a close relationship between + +Varichaetadrilus + +and + +Isochaetides + +. + + +Long and tubular atria and penes with symmetrical penial sheaths as found in the present new species meet the criteria for the genus + +Varichaetadrilus +. + +Among the ten valid species of + +Varichaetadrilus + +so far known ( +Timm 2006 +; +Cui & Wang 2009 +), three North American species, + +V. psammophilus + +, + +V. fulleri + +and + +V. angustipenis + +have bifid chaetae only as in + +V. salinus + + +sp. nov. + +The upper teeth of the bifid chaetae are longer than the lower teeth in most of the anterior segments of + +V. fulleri + +and + +V. psammophilus +, + +so they are different from those in + +V. salinus + + +sp. nov. + +where the upper teeth are distinctly shorter than the lower teeth. The penial sheaths of + +V. psammophilus + +are widened at both the proximal and distal ends and with round hood ( +Loden 1977 +), those in + +V. angustipenis + +are long and cylindrical with hood ( +Brinkhurst & Cook 1966 +), and those in + +V. fulleri + +have a large hood ( +Brinkhurst & Kathman 1983 +). They are hence clearly different from the finger cot-shaped penial sheath without hood in + +V. salinus + + +sp. nov. + +Absence of spermathecae in + +V. salinus + + +sp. nov. + +is unique among congeners, suggesting parthenogenetic reproduction. Asexual reproduction by architomy was demonstrated in the introduced population of + +V. harmani + +from North America into +the Netherlands +( +Timm 2006 +). + + +Absence of hair chaetae, tubular atria and cylindrical penial sheath found in the present species are shared with + +Isochaetides +Hrabě, 1966 + +. However, + +Isochaetides +species + +have modified spermathecal chaetae ( +Rodriguez & Achurra 2010 +) which has not been observed in the present species. Furthermore, absence of genital chaetae, tubular atria receiving vas deferens apically, and absence of an ejaculatory duct such as found in the present species fit the definition of + +Tasserkidrilus +Holmquist, 1985 + +, emended by +Timm (1989) +. However, other generic characters of + +Tasserkidrilus + +such as vas deferens with different thickness and asymmetrical funnel-shaped penial sheath disagree with those of the present new species. + + + + \ No newline at end of file