diff --git a/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F00957DFDC4FA91D922FD46.xml b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F00957DFDC4FA91D922FD46.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1f07370ea1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F00957DFDC4FA91D922FD46.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,565 @@
+
+
+
+Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Williams, Paul H.
+38A45E0C-02A8-407E-8E89-5162D454E9FE
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+paw@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren
+FB68F32E-4F6D-40C2-A921-20FBAD676D50
+Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia.
+altanchimegd@mas.ac.mn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Byvaltsev, Alexandr
+B57BAD3E-9E42-4446-994E-4A45A738D404
+Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
+byvam@yandex.ru
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jonghe, Roland De
+FC98CAB7-B2FF-4BEB-94FF-26F53D33CD04
+Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium.
+roland.de.jonghe@telenet.be
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jaffar, Saleem
+77F70375-0A19-4D0E-A05A-987BB46543C0
+South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
+saleemjaffar@stu.scau.edu.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Japoshvili, George
+CCC82B7C-A1E4-4D58-90A3-623116CBAE96
+Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia.
+g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kahono, Sih
+F8513496-B409-434C-A182-4146232C89FA
+Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia.
+sihkahono@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Liang, Huan
+A99867E0-C686-4608-8DF7-0EDE8D2D57EC
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+lianghuan@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mei, Maurizio
+82F344C7-B98A-462C-81E0-D6F3F02348D4
+Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy.
+maurizio.mei@uniroma1.it
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Monfared, Alireza
+48CA77BA-8CF4-4812-89B1-696A11FEDE2D
+Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran.
+alirezamonfared1@yahoo.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nidup, Tshering
+BE588EE1-5E2C-46CC-8907-CD344D88C869
+Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan.
+tsheringnidup@sherubtse.edu.bt
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Raina, Rifat
+48E5AE7A-D5DC-4549-94B7-FD8489D1EF9E
+Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India.
+rifat72001@rediffmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ren, Zongxin
+27B9DD39-62A8-44D3-9D6A-E6C20D8AAA27
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Thanoosing, Chawatat
+6F4C150C-BC03-4F75-91A6-2A8AF6B5905C
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+c.thanoosing@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Zhao, Yanhui
+299C8EEA-699E-4B15-9BCD-9806E0E7EE63
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+zhaoyanhui@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Orr, Michael C.
+1E7F46C3-870E-460C-A611-BA1042ED99FB
+Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
+michael.christopher.orr@gmail.com
+
+text
+
+
+European Journal of Taxonomy
+
+
+2020
+
+2020-10-02
+
+
+719
+
+
+1
+120
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107
+7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96
+2118-9773
+4064324
+A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus tanguticus
+Morawitz, 1887
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 13
+,
+103–107
+,
+206
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus tanguticus
+Morawitz, 1887: 200
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Our PTP analysis (
+Fig. 10
+) of coalescents in the COI gene supports a single species
+
+B. tanguticus
+
+within the
+tanguticus-
+group as identified in the four gene species tree (
+Figs 21–22
+), corroborated by differences in morphology.
+
+
+
+Bombus tanguticus
+
+has a distinctive morphology and has been placed in a separate subgenus,
+
+Tanguticobombus
+
+(
+Pittioni 1939b
+), although this was synonymised with the subgenus
+
+Melanobombus
+
+by
+Richards (1968)
+. A close relationship with other species of the subgenus
+
+Melanobombus
+
+is supported by an analysis of COI barcodes by
+Williams (2018)
+, which like the tree for the COI gene here (
+Fig. 10
+), placed this species in the
+
+lapidarius
+
+-group. In contrast, when the species tree was estimated from four gene trees that include slower-evolving nuclear genes that can provide more reliable support for older relationships,
+
+B. tanguticus
+
+is placed in its own
+
+tanguticus
+
+-group next to the
+
+lapidarius
+
+-group (
+Fig. 21
+). Female morphology is inconclusive, because the labrum has a very narrow median groove and the posterior ocello-ocular areas are relatively unpunctured, which support grouping
+
+B. tanguticus
+
+with
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+. In contrast, the more densely hairy hind corbiculum and elongate hind basitarsus (as well as large queen body size) support a closer relationship of
+
+B. tanguticus
+
+with
+
+B. simillimus
+
+. Resolving this question might be possible with information from other genes, but it is very likely that the morphology of the male genitalia, once the male is described, will be diagnostic among the two species groups. This is one of the few bumblebee species world-wide for which the male still remains unknown (
+Williams 2018
+).
+
+
+The typical colour pattern of this species is yellow banded, but a worker from
+Qinghai
+(ML219) has a white-banded colour pattern, as confirmed from their identical COI barcode sequences (Fig. 9).
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+
+
+
+Females
+
+
+
+
+Queens very large body length
+22–28 mm
+, workers
+12–13 mm
+. Can be distinguished in the QTP by their combination of labral lateral tubercles medially narrowing and projecting as small pointed pyramids, the median longitudinal furrow between them deep and unusually narrow, 0.2× as broad as the labrum, forming a triangular notch (broader for co-occurring
+
+B. tibeticus
+
+,
+
+B. (Sibiricobombus) semenovi
+Morawitz, 1887
+
+,
+
+B. (Sibiricobombus) asiaticus
+Morawitz, 1875
+
+s. lat.
+); mandible lacking a distinct sulcus obliquus, the posterior notch (incisura) anterior to the posterior tooth very weak or absent; clypeus with many large punctures especially in the dorsal half, the apical impressions unusually deep; antennal segment 3 (A3) short, nearly equal in length to A5, and only 1.5 × as long as A4 (substantially longer for co-occurring
+
+B. tibeticus
+
+,
+
+B. semenovi
+
+,
+
+B. asiaticus
+
+s. lat.
+); the mid basitarsus with the posterior distal corner acute; hind tibia with the outer (corbicular) surface weakly reticulate and shining, for the queens uniformly covered (even in the centre) with dense short black fine branched hairs (these can become abraded for older queens and are few or absent in workers); hind basitarsus long and narrow, nearly 4× as long as its greatest breadth, the posterior edge almost straight in its distal 4⁄5, the posterior distal corner acutely produced (basitarsus shorter and broader for co-occurring
+
+B. tibeticus
+
+,
+
+B. semenovi
+
+,
+
+B. asiaticus
+
+s. lat.
+), the outer surface with the short hair black with only short side branches so that some of the shining outer surface is visible between them (cf. dense overlapping pale hair for
+
+B. tibeticus
+
+); T6 posteriorly with a subapical rounded (nearly circular) boss, the apex for workers truncated or for queens deeply and narrowly divided medially (T6 undivided for queens of co-occurring
+
+B. tibeticus
+
+,
+
+B. semenovi
+
+,
+
+B. asiaticus
+
+s. lat.
+).
+
+
+Males
+
+Unknown.
+
+
+
+
+Material examined
+
+
+
+
+Lectotype
+
+
+
+CHINA
+•
+♀
+(queen),
+lectotype
+of
+
+Bombus tanguticus
+Morawitz, 1887
+
+by designation of
+Williams (2018)
+;
+Qinghai
+, “Bassin des gelb.[en] Flusses” (= source area of the Huang He, probably near Zhaling Hu:
+Williams 2018
+); [1884]; [N. Przhevalsky leg.];
+ZIN
+(examined
+PW
+).
+
+
+Material sequenced
+(
+3 specimens
+)
+
+
+
+CHINA
+–
+
+Qinghai Province
+
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Xiangpishan
+;
+36.7589° N
+,
+99.6041° E
+;
+
+30 Aug. 2010
+
+;
+P. Williams
+leg.; BOLD seq: 6875A06;
+PW
+:
+ML9
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Kunlun Pass
+;
+35.7258° N
+,
+94.1626° E
+;
+
+13 Aug. 2013
+
+;
+P. Williams
+leg.;
+NHMUK
+seq: NHMRC2;
+PW
+:
+ML219
+
+. –
+
+
+Xizang Province
+
+•
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Kamba county
+(Z715
+80 km
+);
+28.2193° N
+,
+88.7942° E
+;
+
+10 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Q.-T. Wu
+leg.;
+IOZ
+seq: BB11;
+IOZ
+:
+ML566
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Global distribution
+
+
+
+(Qinghai-Tibetan-Plateau species)
+East Asia
+:
+CHINA
+:
+Xizang
+,
+Qinghai
+. –
+Himalaya
+:
+INDIA
+: Kashmir,
+Sikkim
+. (IAR, IOZ, NHMUK, PW, ZIN.) This is one of the highest recorded bumblebees in
+
+
+the world, from an elevation of ca
+5640 m
+a.s.l. (
+Williams 2018
+: along with
+
+B. tibeticus
+
+). The species is widely distributed but generally very rare (
+Fig. 206
+). There are data available for only 12 queens and
+2 workers
+, including the two recent queens from Kamba county,
+Xizang
+, collected in 2018 (IOZ, examined PW).
+
+
+
+
+
+Behaviour
+
+
+
+Expected to be food-plant generalists but very few records known (
+Williams 2018
+). Males of
+
+B. tanguticus
+
+are expected to be flying during mid to late August, either visiting flowers or searching for mates in semi-arid habitats at elevations above
+4500 m
+a.s.l. (
+Williams 2018
+). Males of the mountain species
+
+B. keriensis
+
+have been found patrolling near high ridges towards the upper end of the species’ elevational range (above
+4000 m
+a.s.l.) in Kashmir (
+Williams 1991
+). Similar ‘hill-topping’ near high mountain ridges towards the upper end of its elevational range in the QTP is likely for
+
+B. tanguticus
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F03957BFDC1FE13DD84FB18.xml b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F03957BFDC1FE13DD84FB18.xml
index 891c319734a..f47c3af5793 100644
--- a/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F03957BFDC1FE13DD84FB18.xml
+++ b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F03957BFDC1FE13DD84FB18.xml
@@ -1,140 +1,179 @@
-
-
-
-Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)
+
+
+
+Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Williams, Paul H.
-Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK. Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia. Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia. Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium. South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia. Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia. Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China. Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy. Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran. Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan. Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India. Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
-paw@nhm.ac.uk
+Williams, Paul H.
+38A45E0C-02A8-407E-8E89-5162D454E9FE
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+paw@nhm.ac.uk
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren
-altanchimegd@mas.ac.mn
+Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren
+FB68F32E-4F6D-40C2-A921-20FBAD676D50
+Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia.
+altanchimegd@mas.ac.mn
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Byvaltsev, Alexandr
-byvam@yandex.ru
+Byvaltsev, Alexandr
+B57BAD3E-9E42-4446-994E-4A45A738D404
+Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
+byvam@yandex.ru
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Jonghe, Roland De
-roland.de.jonghe@telenet.be
+Jonghe, Roland De
+FC98CAB7-B2FF-4BEB-94FF-26F53D33CD04
+Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium.
+roland.de.jonghe@telenet.be
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Jaffar, Saleem
-saleemjaffar@stu.scau.edu.cn
+Jaffar, Saleem
+77F70375-0A19-4D0E-A05A-987BB46543C0
+South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
+saleemjaffar@stu.scau.edu.cn
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Japoshvili, George
-g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge
+Japoshvili, George
+CCC82B7C-A1E4-4D58-90A3-623116CBAE96
+Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia.
+g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Kahono, Sih
-sihkahono@gmail.com
+Kahono, Sih
+F8513496-B409-434C-A182-4146232C89FA
+Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia.
+sihkahono@gmail.com
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Liang, Huan
-lianghuan@mail.kib.ac.cn
+Liang, Huan
+A99867E0-C686-4608-8DF7-0EDE8D2D57EC
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+lianghuan@mail.kib.ac.cn
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Mei, Maurizio
+Mei, Maurizio
+82F344C7-B98A-462C-81E0-D6F3F02348D4
+Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy.
+maurizio.mei@uniroma1.it
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Monfared, Alireza
+Monfared, Alireza
+48CA77BA-8CF4-4812-89B1-696A11FEDE2D
+Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran.
+alirezamonfared1@yahoo.com
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Nidup, Tshering
+Nidup, Tshering
+BE588EE1-5E2C-46CC-8907-CD344D88C869
+Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan.
+tsheringnidup@sherubtse.edu.bt
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Raina, Rifat
+Raina, Rifat
+48E5AE7A-D5DC-4549-94B7-FD8489D1EF9E
+Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India.
+rifat72001@rediffmail.com
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Ren, Zongxin
+Ren, Zongxin
+27B9DD39-62A8-44D3-9D6A-E6C20D8AAA27
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Thanoosing, Chawatat
+Thanoosing, Chawatat
+6F4C150C-BC03-4F75-91A6-2A8AF6B5905C
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+c.thanoosing@nhm.ac.uk
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Zhao, Yanhui
+Zhao, Yanhui
+299C8EEA-699E-4B15-9BCD-9806E0E7EE63
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+zhaoyanhui@mail.kib.ac.cn
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Orr, Michael C.
+Orr, Michael C.
+1E7F46C3-870E-460C-A611-BA1042ED99FB
+Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
+michael.christopher.orr@gmail.com
-text
-
-
-European Journal of Taxonomy
+text
+
+
+European Journal of Taxonomy
-
-2020
-
-2020-10-02
+
+2020
+
+2020-10-02
-
-719
+
+719
-
-1
-120
+
+1
+120
-journal article
-9775
-10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107
-7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96
-4064324
-A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F
+journal article
+10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107
+7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96
+2118-9773
+4064324
+A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F
-
+
@@ -196,7 +235,7 @@ var. [subsp.]
-
+
Bombus pyrosoma
(part) –
@@ -225,7 +264,7 @@ is known only from
;
Starr 1992
).
-
+
Bombus pyrosoma
s. lat.
@@ -240,28 +279,27 @@ has been treated as a widespread Asian species by
B. formosellus
is recognised as separate from the north Chinese
-
+
B. pyrosoma
s. str.
because of their unique and strongly divergent species coalescents in the COI gene (
Fig. 10
), corroborated by differences in morphology (see the Diagnosis). The morphological differences are subtle, but do appear to support the two as separate species within a morphologically more distinctive complex of
-
+
pyrosoma
s. str.
-
-+
-formosellus
-
+
++ formosellus
+
.
Our PTP analysis (
Fig. 10
) supports relatively strongly two coalescents in the COI gene for the north Chinese
-
+
B
.
pyrosoma
@@ -281,7 +319,7 @@ From morphology,
formosellus
has a paler colour pattern of the hair than
-
+
B
.
pyrosoma
@@ -294,14 +332,14 @@ for the females and especially for the queens. The queen of
formosellus
(below) has the hair of the thoracic dorsum with broad anterior and posterior bands strongly dominated by white, whereas for
-
+
B
.
pyrosoma
s. str.
these areas are black or usually with a small minority of white hairs intermixed. The male gonostylus inner process is also not clearly divided into two teeth as it is in
-
+
B
.
pyrosoma
@@ -355,13 +393,13 @@ Body length
by their combination of the hair of the thoracic dorsum with yellow bands, side of the thorax yellow, and T3–7 red. Genitalia (
Fig. 192
) with the gonostylus much reduced, less than a quarter as long on its outer side as broad, with the distal edge concave and the inner distal corner with two indistinct adjacent teeth, the proximal tooth slightly shorter than the distal tooth and the two not clearly separated by an indentation (emargination) (
-
+
cf.
pyrosoma
s. str.
); volsella with the inner distal corner produced as a narrow curved hook (
-
+
cf.
rufipes
diff --git a/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F049570FDB8FEA9DF22FCD4.xml b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F049570FDB8FEA9DF22FCD4.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2d8296e1445
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F049570FDB8FEA9DF22FCD4.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1477 @@
+
+
+
+Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Williams, Paul H.
+38A45E0C-02A8-407E-8E89-5162D454E9FE
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+paw@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren
+FB68F32E-4F6D-40C2-A921-20FBAD676D50
+Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia.
+altanchimegd@mas.ac.mn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Byvaltsev, Alexandr
+B57BAD3E-9E42-4446-994E-4A45A738D404
+Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
+byvam@yandex.ru
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jonghe, Roland De
+FC98CAB7-B2FF-4BEB-94FF-26F53D33CD04
+Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium.
+roland.de.jonghe@telenet.be
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jaffar, Saleem
+77F70375-0A19-4D0E-A05A-987BB46543C0
+South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
+saleemjaffar@stu.scau.edu.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Japoshvili, George
+CCC82B7C-A1E4-4D58-90A3-623116CBAE96
+Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia.
+g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kahono, Sih
+F8513496-B409-434C-A182-4146232C89FA
+Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia.
+sihkahono@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Liang, Huan
+A99867E0-C686-4608-8DF7-0EDE8D2D57EC
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+lianghuan@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mei, Maurizio
+82F344C7-B98A-462C-81E0-D6F3F02348D4
+Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy.
+maurizio.mei@uniroma1.it
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Monfared, Alireza
+48CA77BA-8CF4-4812-89B1-696A11FEDE2D
+Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran.
+alirezamonfared1@yahoo.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nidup, Tshering
+BE588EE1-5E2C-46CC-8907-CD344D88C869
+Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan.
+tsheringnidup@sherubtse.edu.bt
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Raina, Rifat
+48E5AE7A-D5DC-4549-94B7-FD8489D1EF9E
+Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India.
+rifat72001@rediffmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ren, Zongxin
+27B9DD39-62A8-44D3-9D6A-E6C20D8AAA27
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Thanoosing, Chawatat
+6F4C150C-BC03-4F75-91A6-2A8AF6B5905C
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+c.thanoosing@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Zhao, Yanhui
+299C8EEA-699E-4B15-9BCD-9806E0E7EE63
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+zhaoyanhui@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Orr, Michael C.
+1E7F46C3-870E-460C-A611-BA1042ED99FB
+Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
+michael.christopher.orr@gmail.com
+
+text
+
+
+European Journal of Taxonomy
+
+
+2020
+
+2020-10-02
+
+
+719
+
+
+1
+120
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107
+7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96
+2118-9773
+4064324
+A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus lapidarius
+(
+Linnaeus, 1758
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 14
+,
+115–122
+,
+194
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Apis Lapidaria
+Linnaeus, 1758: 579
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Apis Audens
+Harris, 1776: 130
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Apis Strenuus
+Harris, 1776: 131
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Apis Opis
+Harris, 1776: 137
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Apis Pertristis
+Harris, 1776: 137
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Apis
+arbuʃtorum
+
+
+Fabricius, 1776: 246
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Apis coronata
+Geoffroy
+in
+Fourcroy, 1785: 449
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bremus truncorum
+Panzer, 1805: 85
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bremus regelationis
+Panzer, 1805: 56
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus albicans
+Schmiedeknecht, 1878: 405
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus lapidarius
+
+var. [subsp.]
+carpatiens
+
+Radoszkowski, 1884: 63
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus lapidarius
+
+var. [subsp.]
+decipiens
+
+Pérez, 1890: 152
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus luctuosus
+Ball, 1920: 32
+
+
+(non
+
+Schmiedeknecht, 1878: 388
+
+=
+
+B. pratorum
+(Linnaeus))
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus lapidarius
+st.
+
+[subsp.]
+atlanticus
+
+Benoist, 1928: 212
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus flavescens
+Knechtel, 1963: 712
+
+
+, 714 (non
+
+Smith, 1852a: 45
+
+=
+
+B. flavescens
+Smith
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus bisiculus
+Lecocq, Biella, Martinet & Rasmont, 2019: 7
+
+
+.
+syn. nov
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus lapidarius
+var.
+carpaticus
+
+–
+
+Friese 1905: 518
+
+, incorrect subsequent spelling.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus lapidarium
+
+–
+
+Berezin, Beiko & Berezina 1996: 118
+
+, incorrect subsequent spelling.
+
+
+
+
+
+Vogt (1909
+,
+1911
+),
+Reinig (1935)
+, and
+
+Lecocq
+et al
+. (2015
+
+,
+2019
+) considered the taxon
+decipiens
+(thoracic dorsum with yellow bands) to be conspecific with the taxon
+
+lapidarius
+
+s. str.
+(thoracic dorsum black) as divergent regional colour patterns within a polytypic species.
+
+
+
+Lecocq
+et al
+. (2015
+
+,
+2019
+) considered
+
+B. caucasicus
+
+as likely to be a species separate from
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+from evidence of COI-coalescent analysis and from differences in the composition of male cephalic labial gland secretions (CLGS, believed to be sex pheromones).
+
+
+
+Lecocq
+et al
+. (2013
+
+,
+2015
+,
+2019
+) also discovered divergence in CLGS between
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+from most of Europe and the yellow-banded bees in samples from southern
+Italy
+and they found this difference to coincide with a divergence in COI. They suggested that this (‘
+decipiens
+-like’ taxon) might represent an ‘incipient’ species (
+
+Lecocq
+et al.
+2013
+
+) or a ‘recently diverged’ species (
+
+Lecocq
+et al.
+2019
+
+). Subsequently they published the name
+
+B. bisiculus
+
+for this taxon (
+
+Lecocq
+et al.
+2019
+
+).
+
+
+Our PTP analysis (
+Fig. 10
+) of coalescents in the COI gene supports three coalescents for candidate species within the
+lapidarius-
+group as identified in the four gene species tree (
+Figs 21–22
+): a Caucasusregion candidate species,
+
+caucasicus
+
+, supported strongly, and two more widespread candidate species within the European taxon
+
+lapidarius
+
+s. lat.
+(a
+lapidarius-
+complex), supported relatively weakly. Our PTP results agree that the taxon
+decipiens
+and the taxon
+
+lapidarius
+
+s. str.
+are likely to be conspecific as parts of
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+s. lat.
+But our PTP results also show that there is a third candidate species (
+Fig. 10
+) that is divergent in COI from
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+s. str.
+However, this candidate species does not correspond to (i.e., is not congruent or co-terminous with) Lecocq
+et al
+.’s (2015, 2019) south Italian taxon
+
+bisiculus
+
+(which is included in Figs 9–10). Our candidate species includes not only some of the yellow-banded samples from southern
+Italy
+described as the taxon
+
+bisiculus
+
+by Lecocq
+et al
+., but also (from the same data) some unbanded bees from
+Slovakia
+, the
+Czech Republic
+,
+Serbia
+,
+Bulgaria
+, and
+Hungary
+(Figs 9–10) that Lecocq
+et al
+. identify as the taxon
+
+lapidarius
+
+s. str.
+At present, our south-eastern candidate species is not supported as a separate species by integrative analysis because (1) not only is it much more broadly distributed than Lecocq
+et al
+.’s divergent south-Italian CGLS taxon
+
+bisiculus
+
+, but (2) so far we have been unable to find any diagnostic morphological characters, even in the colour pattern. Our south-eastern candidate species may represent the descendants of an isolated refugial population from the glacial period (
+Reinig 1935
+;
+
+Lecocq
+et al.
+2015
+
+), which appears now to be surrounded to the west and north by a second weakly divergent lineage, and to the east in
+Turkey
+by possibly a third weakly divergent lineage (Figs 9–10). So far this broader south-east European (but not Turkish) population can be identified only from COI sequences, so evidence would be needed from another character source to corroborate its current evolutionary independence before it could be accepted as a separate species. As well as showing only weak divergence among them in their COI barcodes, all of these lineages show very little variation within them, which corroborates them being relatively recent.
+
+
+More work is needed to assess the variation within the
+
+lapidarius
+
+-complex in south-eastern Europe, but until further evidence is available from other character sources to corroborate consistent groups as separate species, we regard these bees tentatively as conspecific, as parts of a single widespread species,
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+s. lat.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+
+
+
+Females
+
+
+
+
+Queens medium-sized body length
+18–21 mm
+, workers
+11–16 mm
+. Can be distinguished in Europe and West Asia by their combination of the hair on the face black with the hair on the thoracic dorsum either black or with some cream or yellow but not with pure white and not entirely yellow (cf.
+
+B. sichelii
+
+,
+
+B. eriophorus
+
+,
+
+B. incertus
+
+,
+
+B. alagesianus
+
+,
+
+B. semenovianus
+
+). Queens can be distinguished (cf.
+
+B. simillimus
+
+) by the combination of the hair of the thoracic dorsum black with the wings clear.
+
+
+Males
+
+
+Body length
+11–16 mm
+. Can be distinguished in Europe and West Asia by their combination of the hair posteriorly on the thoracic dorsum and on T2 usually predominantly black and T4–7 bright red. Genitalia (
+Fig. 194
+) with the gonostylus as long as broad, reduced as a rounded flat scale with the inner basal process reduced to a tooth (cf.
+rufipes-
+group,
+festivus-
+group,
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+-group); volsella with the inner distal corner broadly produced but without a narrow hook (cf.
+rufipes-
+group,
+festivus-
+group,
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+-group); penis valve head with the recurved inner hook just narrower than the narrowest part of the adjacent penis valve shaft (cf.
+
+B. eriophorus
+
+); eye unenlarged relative to female eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+Material examined
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+
+
+SWEDEN
+•
+♀
+(queen),
+holotype
+of
+
+Apis lapidaria
+Linnaeus, 1758
+(
+Day 1979
+)
+
+; Uppland; C. Linnaeus leg.; LSL (examined
+PW
+).
+
+
+Material sequenced
+(
+29 specimens
+, includes some sequences from
+
+Lecocq
+et al
+. 2015
+
+)
+
+
+
+FRANCE
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Aquitaine
+,
+
+Le Fontanaud
+
+;
+45.314° N
+,
+0.346° E
+;
+
+14 Aug. 2007
+
+;
+C. Ratti
+leg.; BOLD seq: 3771B12;
+PCYU
+:
+ML329
+
+•
+
+1 spec.
+; Eyne;
+42.3024° N
+,
+2.0106° E
+;
+M. Terzo
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915850
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML284
+
+.
+
+
+
+SWITZERLAND
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Valais
+,
+St Luc
+;
+46.2210° N
+,
+7.6202° E
+;
+
+22 Jul. 1999
+
+;
+P. Williams
+leg.;
+NHMUK
+seq:
+PW25
+;
+PW
+:
+ML186
+
+.
+
+
+
+RUSSIA
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Chuvashia
+,
+Cheboksari
+;
+56.1165° N
+,
+47.244° E
+;
+
+30 Jul. 2010
+
+,
+A. Lastukhin
+leg.; BOLD seq: SHMEL-E10;
+CSPU
+:
+ML330
+
+.
+
+
+
+MOROCCO
+•
+1 spec.
+; Asni;
+31.2499° N
+,
+7.9833° W
+;
+K. Warncke
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KJ572861
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML193
+
+.
+
+
+
+SPAIN
+•
+1 spec.
+;
+39.4208° N
+,
+0.8158° W
+;
+T. Lecocq
+leg.; GenBank seq:
+KC915889
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML192
+
+•
+
+1 spec.
+;
+Camprodón
+;
+42.3136° N
+,
+2.3719° E
+;
+D. Michez
+leg.; GenBank seq:
+KC915724
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML274
+
+•
+
+1 spec.
+;
+Buñol
+;
+39.4208° N
+,
+0.8158° W
+;
+T. Lecocq
+leg.; GenBank seq:
+KC915826
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML275
+
+•
+
+1 spec.
+;
+Buñol
+;
+42.9511° N
+,
+5.6578° W
+;
+T. Lecocq
+leg.; GenBank seq:
+KC915831
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML276
+
+.
+
+
+
+IRELAND
+•
+1 spec.
+;
+Dublin
+;
+53.3414° N
+,
+6.2769° W
+;
+R. Moermans
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915738
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML282
+
+.
+
+
+
+BELGIUM
+•
+1 spec.
+; Nouvelles;
+50.4144° N
+,
+3.9794° E
+;
+T. Lecocq
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915670
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML278
+
+.
+
+
+
+FINLAND
+•
+1 spec.
+; Nåt̂;
+60.0464° N
+,
+19.9731° E
+;
+B. Cederberg
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915660
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML277
+
+.
+
+
+
+AUSTRIA
+•
+1 spec.
+; M̹hl;
+47.5014° N
+,
+10.7361° E
+;
+D. Michez
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915689
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML279
+
+.
+
+
+
+ITALY
+•
+1 spec.
+;
+S. Margherita
+;
+44.7158° N
+,
+9.2087° E
+;
+M. Cornalba
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915719
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML281
+
+•
+
+1 spec.
+;
+Salcito
+;
+41.7447° N
+,
+14.5147° E
+;
+T. Lecocq
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915714
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML194
+
+•
+
+1 spec.
+;
+Cellara
+;
+39.215° N
+,
+16.3825° E
+;
+T. Lecocq
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915871
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML271
+
+•
+
+1 spec.
+;
+Villadoro
+;
+37.6814° N
+,
+14.3047° E
+;
+T. Lecocq
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915876
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML272
+
+•
+
+1 spec.
+;
+Piano Provenzana
+;
+37.7994° N
+,
+15.0647° E
+;
+T. Lecocq
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915881
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML273
+
+.
+
+
+
+SLOVENIA
+•
+1 spec.
+; Studenčice;
+46.3722° N
+,
+14.1575° E
+;
+T. Lecocq
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915710
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML386
+
+.
+
+
+
+UKRAINE
+•
+1 spec.
+; Lastiosti;
+48.7172° N
+,
+24.525° E
+;
+D. Michez
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915844
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML283
+
+.
+
+
+
+TURKEY
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Erzingan
+,
+Yeniyol-Ahmitli
+;
+39.8926° N
+,
+39.3676° E
+;
+
+5 Aug. 2002
+
+;
+H. Hines
+leg.; BOLD seq: 6877H02;
+SC
+:
+ML418
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Erzingan
+,
+Yeniyol-Ahmitli
+;
+39.8926° N
+,
+39.3676° E
+;
+
+5 Aug. 2002
+
+;
+H. Hines
+leg.; BOLD seq: 6877H03;
+SC
+:
+ML419
+
+.
+
+
+
+SERBIA
+•
+1 spec.
+;
+Belgrade
+;
+44.7872° N
+,
+20.4517° E
+;
+A. Cetkovic
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915752
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML387
+
+.
+
+
+
+CZECH REPUBLIC
+•
+1 spec.
+;
+Praha
+;
+50.105° N
+,
+14.4167° E
+;
+T. Lecocq
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915695
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML408
+
+.
+
+
+
+SLOVAKIA
+•
+1 spec.
+; Nitra;
+48.3036° N
+,
+18.1539° E
+;
+T. Lecocq
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915797
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML410
+
+.
+
+
+
+HUNGARY
+•
+1 spec.
+; Szentendre;
+47.6633° N
+,
+19.0719° E
+;
+T. Lecocq
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915700
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML409
+
+•
+
+1 spec.
+; Gárdony;
+47.2011° N
+,
+18.6442° E
+;
+T. Lecocq
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915800
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML411
+
+.
+
+
+
+BULGARIA
+•
+1 spec.
+; Beklemeto;
+42.7789° N
+,
+24.6142° E
+;
+T. Lecocq
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915704
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML280
+
+•
+
+1 spec.
+; same collection data as for preceding;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915802
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML407
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Global distribution
+
+
+
+(European widespread grassland, often lowland, species extending into the margins of North Africa and West Asia)
+North Africa
+:
+MOROCCO
+. –
+Europe
+:
+SPAIN
+,
+UK
+,
+IRELAND
+,
+FRANCE
+,
+BELGIUM
+,
+NETHERLANDS
+,
+DENMARK
+,
+GERMANY
+,
+POLAND
+,
+SWEDEN
+,
+FINLAND
+,
+SWITZERLAND
+,
+AUSTRIA
+,
+CZECH REPUBLIC
+,
+SLOVAKIA
+,
+ITALY
+,
+HUNGARY
+,
+ROMANIA
+,
+BULGARIA
+,
+SLOVENIA
+,
+SERBIA
+,
+ALBANIA
+,
+MONTENEGRO
+,
+MACEDONIA
+,
+GREECE
+,
+UKRAINE
+,
+RUSSIA
+: European Russia, Crimea, Ural. –
+West Asia
+:
+TURKEY
+. (
+NHMUK
+,
+PW
+, ZMHB.) The species is widespread and often abundant.
+
+
+The distribution of this species is known to extend eastwards into
+Russia
+as far as Arkaim Nature Reserve,
+Chelyabinsk Oblast
+(AB:
+52.65° N
+,
+59.60° E
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Behaviour
+
+
+
+Colonies of this species have been described (
+Alford 1975
+;
+Benton 2006
+;
+Goulson 2010
+). Food-plant generalists (
+Alford 1975
+;
+Rasmont 1988
+;
+Benton 2006
+;
+Goulson 2010
+). Male mate-searching behaviour is patrolling (
+Alford 1975
+;
+Benton 2006
+;
+Goulson 2010
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F06957CFDDAFD4BDF5AF863.xml b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F06957CFDDAFD4BDF5AF863.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3d79108239f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F06957CFDDAFD4BDF5AF863.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,678 @@
+
+
+
+Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Williams, Paul H.
+38A45E0C-02A8-407E-8E89-5162D454E9FE
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+paw@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren
+FB68F32E-4F6D-40C2-A921-20FBAD676D50
+Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia.
+altanchimegd@mas.ac.mn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Byvaltsev, Alexandr
+B57BAD3E-9E42-4446-994E-4A45A738D404
+Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
+byvam@yandex.ru
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jonghe, Roland De
+FC98CAB7-B2FF-4BEB-94FF-26F53D33CD04
+Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium.
+roland.de.jonghe@telenet.be
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jaffar, Saleem
+77F70375-0A19-4D0E-A05A-987BB46543C0
+South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
+saleemjaffar@stu.scau.edu.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Japoshvili, George
+CCC82B7C-A1E4-4D58-90A3-623116CBAE96
+Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia.
+g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kahono, Sih
+F8513496-B409-434C-A182-4146232C89FA
+Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia.
+sihkahono@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Liang, Huan
+A99867E0-C686-4608-8DF7-0EDE8D2D57EC
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+lianghuan@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mei, Maurizio
+82F344C7-B98A-462C-81E0-D6F3F02348D4
+Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy.
+maurizio.mei@uniroma1.it
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Monfared, Alireza
+48CA77BA-8CF4-4812-89B1-696A11FEDE2D
+Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran.
+alirezamonfared1@yahoo.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nidup, Tshering
+BE588EE1-5E2C-46CC-8907-CD344D88C869
+Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan.
+tsheringnidup@sherubtse.edu.bt
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Raina, Rifat
+48E5AE7A-D5DC-4549-94B7-FD8489D1EF9E
+Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India.
+rifat72001@rediffmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ren, Zongxin
+27B9DD39-62A8-44D3-9D6A-E6C20D8AAA27
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Thanoosing, Chawatat
+6F4C150C-BC03-4F75-91A6-2A8AF6B5905C
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+c.thanoosing@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Zhao, Yanhui
+299C8EEA-699E-4B15-9BCD-9806E0E7EE63
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+zhaoyanhui@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Orr, Michael C.
+1E7F46C3-870E-460C-A611-BA1042ED99FB
+Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
+michael.christopher.orr@gmail.com
+
+text
+
+
+European Journal of Taxonomy
+
+
+2020
+
+2020-10-02
+
+
+719
+
+
+1
+120
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107
+7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96
+2118-9773
+4064324
+A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus eriophorus
+Klug, 1807
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 4
+,
+14
+,
+108–114
+,
+193
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus eriophorus
+Klug, 1807: 265
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus caucasicus
+Radoszkowski, 1860: 482
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus caucasicus
+
+var. geogr. [subsp.]
+tenuicinctus
+
+Vogt, 1911: 59
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus caucasicus
+
+var. geogr. [subsp.]
+mixtocinctus
+
+Vogt, 1911: 59
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus lapidarius
+
+(part) –
+
+Reinig 1935: 334
+
+. —
+
+Williams 1998: 134
+
+(non
+
+Linnaeus, 1758: 579
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Vogt (1909: 41
+, 49) considered the taxon
+
+eriophorus
+
+s. str.
+(thoracic dorsum uniformly white) and the taxon
+
+caucasicus
+
+(thoracic dorsum white with a black band between the wing bases) to be parts of
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+s. lat.
+(thorax black or often with anterior and sometimes posterior yellow bands). Subsequently,
+Vogt (1911: 69)
+regarded
+
+B. caucasicus
+
+as a species separate from
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+and listed the taxon
+
+eriophorus
+
+s. str.
+as part of
+
+B. caucasicus
+
+(even though
+
+eriophorus
+
+s. lat.
+is the oldest available name for the species).
+Reinig (1935
+: text-fig. 4) considered the taxon
+
+eriophorus
+
+s. str.
+and the taxon
+
+caucasicus
+
+to be parts of
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+s. lat.
+, showing colour-pattern diagrams with apparently intermediate colour patterns as part of his evidence.
+
+
+
+Lecocq
+et al
+. (2015)
+
+considered that
+
+B. caucasicus
+
+is likely to be a species separate from
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+from evidence of COI-coalescent analysis and from differences in composition of cephalic labial gland secretions (CLGS, believed to include sex pheromones). They had no samples of
+
+B. eriophorus
+
+s. str.
+but considered it likely to be conspecific with
+
+B
+.
+caucasicus
+
+.
+
+
+In contrast to
+Reinig (1935)
+, we agree with
+
+Lecocq
+et al
+. (2015)
+
+that
+
+B. eriophorus
+
+s. lat.
+and
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+s. lat.
+are separate species from evidence of COI coalescents (
+Fig. 10
+), corroborated by morphology.
+
+
+Our PTP analysis (
+Fig. 10
+) of coalescents in the COI gene supports three coalescents for candidate species within the
+lapidarius-
+group as identified in the four gene species tree (
+Figs 21–22
+): a Caucasusregion candidate species,
+
+caucasicus
+
+, supported strongly, and two more widespread candidate species within the European taxon
+
+lapidarius
+
+s. lat.
+, supported relatively weakly. We have been unable to secure fresh samples of the taxon
+
+eriophorus
+
+s. str.
+– recent collections in the Caucasus mountains made by three different collectors of bumblebees have been unable to find this taxon.
+
+
+From morphology,
+
+B. eriophorus
+
+s. lat.
+has a colour pattern distinct from
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+s. lat.
+for the females with a white-banded thorax. A worker from
+Azerbaijan
+in the NHMUK has the black hair of the band between the wing bases much intermixed with white hair, representing a state intermediate between that typical for the taxon
+
+eriophorus
+
+s. str.
+and that for the taxon
+
+caucasicus
+.
+
+This is slightly darker than the infrasubspecific taxon
+atava
+illustrated in
+Reinig (1935
+: text-fig. 4-iv). However, both the NHMUK worker and Reinig’s taxon
+atava
+with their mixtures of black and white hairs between the wing bases appear to be intermediate in colour pattern between the white unbanded taxon
+
+eriophorus
+
+s. str.
+and the white-banded taxon
+
+caucasicus
+
+, so these two taxa are interpreted provisionally as conspecific as parts of
+
+B. eriophorus
+
+s. lat.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+
+
+
+Females
+(
+Fig. 4
+)
+
+
+
+
+Queens medium-sized body length
+17–21 mm
+, workers
+11–15 mm
+. Can be distinguished in West Asia by their combination of the thoracic dorsum with some pure white hair and the hair of the face and T1–2 black (cf.
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+,
+
+B. sichelii
+
+,
+
+B. incertus
+
+,
+
+B. alagesianus
+
+). Workers can be distinguished (cf.
+
+B. simillimus
+
+) by the combination of the pale hair of the thoracic dorsum white with T1–2 black and the wings clear.
+
+
+Males
+
+
+Body length
+12–14 mm
+. Can be distinguished in West Asia by their combination of thoracic dorsum with extensive yellow hair and T2 usually predominantly black. Genitalia (
+Fig. 193
+) with the gonostylus as long as broad, reduced as a rounded flat scale with the inner basal process reduced to a tooth (cf.
+rufipesgroup
+,
+festivus-
+group,
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+-group); volsella with the inner distal corner broadly produced but without a narrow hook (cf.
+rufipes-
+group,
+festivus-
+group,
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+-group); penis valve head with the recurved inner hook just broader than the narrowest part of the adjacent penis valve shaft (cf.
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+); eye unenlarged relative to female eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+Material examined
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+
+
+?
+
+RUSSIA
+•
+♀
+; “monte Caucaso”; “
+
+D.
+Marshall de Biberstein
+
+” leg.;
+type
+of
+
+Bombus eriophorus
+Klug, 1807
+
+not found (
+ZIN
+,
+ZMHB
+,
+ZMUM
+; possibly lost in a fire with other
+ZMUM
+material following the Napoleonic invasion in 1812,
+A. Antropov
+pers. com.), but identity not in doubt.
+
+
+
+Material sequenced
+(
+3 specimens
+)
+
+
+
+GEORGIA •
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Calka
+;
+41.5891° N
+,
+44.1330° E
+;
+
+27 May 2011
+
+;
+G. Japoshvili
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555A04;
+AUG
+:
+ML175
+
+.
+
+
+
+TURKEY
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Artvin
+;
+41.0641° N
+,
+42.2749° E
+;
+H. Hines
+leg.; BOLD seq: 6877H04;
+SC
+:
+ML420
+
+.
+
+
+
+ARMENIA
+•
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Gegharkunik
+,
+Sevan Lake
+south of
+Shorzha
+;
+40.4959° N
+,
+45.2788° E
+;
+
+7 Jul. 2006
+
+;
+Louda
+leg.; BOLD seq: 6880A03;
+MM
+:
+ML478
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Global distribution
+
+
+
+(West Asian mountain species)
+West Asia
+:
+TURKEY
+,
+GEORGIA
+,
+ARMENIA
+,
+AZERBAIJAN
+,
+RUSSIA
+:
+Krasnodar
+,
+Stavropol
+. (AUG, MM, NHMUK, SC.) The species is not known to be common anywhere.
+
+
+
+
+
+Behaviour
+
+
+
+Food-plant choice expected to be generalist but no records. The male mate-searching behaviour is expected to resemble the patrolling of
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F099577FDBCF9EAD89CFC41.xml b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F099577FDBCF9EAD89CFC41.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..edd440a935c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F099577FDBCF9EAD89CFC41.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1369 @@
+
+
+
+Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Williams, Paul H.
+38A45E0C-02A8-407E-8E89-5162D454E9FE
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+paw@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren
+FB68F32E-4F6D-40C2-A921-20FBAD676D50
+Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia.
+altanchimegd@mas.ac.mn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Byvaltsev, Alexandr
+B57BAD3E-9E42-4446-994E-4A45A738D404
+Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
+byvam@yandex.ru
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jonghe, Roland De
+FC98CAB7-B2FF-4BEB-94FF-26F53D33CD04
+Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium.
+roland.de.jonghe@telenet.be
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jaffar, Saleem
+77F70375-0A19-4D0E-A05A-987BB46543C0
+South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
+saleemjaffar@stu.scau.edu.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Japoshvili, George
+CCC82B7C-A1E4-4D58-90A3-623116CBAE96
+Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia.
+g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kahono, Sih
+F8513496-B409-434C-A182-4146232C89FA
+Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia.
+sihkahono@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Liang, Huan
+A99867E0-C686-4608-8DF7-0EDE8D2D57EC
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+lianghuan@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mei, Maurizio
+82F344C7-B98A-462C-81E0-D6F3F02348D4
+Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy.
+maurizio.mei@uniroma1.it
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Monfared, Alireza
+48CA77BA-8CF4-4812-89B1-696A11FEDE2D
+Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran.
+alirezamonfared1@yahoo.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nidup, Tshering
+BE588EE1-5E2C-46CC-8907-CD344D88C869
+Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan.
+tsheringnidup@sherubtse.edu.bt
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Raina, Rifat
+48E5AE7A-D5DC-4549-94B7-FD8489D1EF9E
+Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India.
+rifat72001@rediffmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ren, Zongxin
+27B9DD39-62A8-44D3-9D6A-E6C20D8AAA27
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Thanoosing, Chawatat
+6F4C150C-BC03-4F75-91A6-2A8AF6B5905C
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+c.thanoosing@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Zhao, Yanhui
+299C8EEA-699E-4B15-9BCD-9806E0E7EE63
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+zhaoyanhui@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Orr, Michael C.
+1E7F46C3-870E-460C-A611-BA1042ED99FB
+Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
+michael.christopher.orr@gmail.com
+
+text
+
+
+European Journal of Taxonomy
+
+
+2020
+
+2020-10-02
+
+
+719
+
+
+1
+120
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107
+7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96
+2118-9773
+4064324
+A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus sichelii
+Radoszkowski, 1860
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 15
+,
+129–138
+,
+197
+,
+211
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus SICHELII
+Radoszkowski, 1860: 481
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus alticola
+Kriechbaumer, 1873: 339
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus lapidarius
+subsp.
+nigritulus
+Friese, 1905: 518
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus lapidarius
+subsp.
+albidulus
+Friese, 1905: 518
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus sicheli
+
+Form [subsp.]
+uniens
+
+Vogt, 1909: 62
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus noster
+Skorikov, 1910b: 578
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus sicheli
+
+var. geogr. [subsp.]
+czerskiae
+
+Vogt, 1911: 59
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus sicheli
+
+var. geogr. [subsp.]
+rehbinderianus
+
+Vogt, 1911: 60
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus sicheli
+
+var. geogr. [subsp.]
+cazurroi
+
+Vogt, 1911: 60
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Lapidariobombus verticiflavus
+Skorikov, 1931: 225
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus sicheli
+
+f.g. [subsp.]
+daghestanicus
+
+Reinig, 1935: 345
+
+(non
+Radoszkowski, 1877
+: vii =
+
+B. sylvarum
+(Linnaeus))
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus jeholensis
+Yasumatsu, 1935: 45
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus sicheli
+subsp.
+chinganicus
+Reinig, 1936: 6
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Pyrobombus sicheli
+subsp.
+flavissimus
+Tkalců, 1975: 177
+
+
+, replacement name for
+latofasciatus
+
+Vogt, 1909: 49
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Pyrobombus erzurumensis
+Özbek, 1990: 209
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus Sicheli
+
+–
+
+Radoszkowski 1877: 213
+
+, incorrect subsequent spelling.
+
+
+
+
+
+Since
+Vogt (1909)
+,
+
+B. sichelii
+
+s. lat.
+has generally been considered as a species separate from
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+s. lat.
+Vogt (1909: 46)
+stated that his “Formen” are subpopulations, which could be considered equivalent to subspecies.
+Reinig (1935: 333)
+stated explicitly that his “f.g.” (forma geographica) are equivalent to subspecies. These taxa are considered here to be parts of a
+
+sichelii
+
+-complex.
+
+
+The taxon
+
+erzurumensis
+
+was described more recently as a separate species from north-eastern
+Turkey
+, although we have seen it also from
+Iran
+. Within the
+
+sichelii
+
+-complex it has an especially narrow band of black hair posteriorly on T2. It was first recognised as likely to be conspecific with
+
+B. sichelii
+
+s. lat.
+by
+Williams (1998)
+.
+
+
+Our PTP analysis (
+Fig. 10
+) supports two coalescents in the COI gene, for a west Asian
+
+B
+.
+incertus
+
+, which is strongly supported, and a widespread Eurasian
+
+B. sichelii
+
+s. lat.
+Although the support for a COI coalescent for
+
+B. sichelii
+
+s. lat.
+is relatively weak, it is the best supported in this part of the tree, so no alternative interpretation of the member taxa is better supported as species. Corroboration from a positive divergence-with-distance relationship both within (
+Fig. 17
+) and among (
+Fig. 18
+) the component lineages (Fig. 9) is accepted as additional support for
+
+B. sichelii
+
+s. lat.
+as a single broadly distributed species in its long accepted sense.
+
+
+From morphology,
+
+B. sichelii
+
+s. lat.
+has a colour pattern of the hair of T2 with black hairs posteriorly that is consistently distinct from
+
+B
+.
+incertus
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+
+
+
+Females
+
+
+
+
+Queens medium-sized body length
+17–20 mm
+, workers
+9–13 mm
+, Can be distinguished by usually having at least some pale hair on the face at the base of the antenna (cf.
+
+B. separandus
+
+,
+
+B. incertus
+
+), T2 posteriorly usually has at least a narrow line of black hair (cf.
+
+B. keriensis
+
+,
+
+B. separandus
+
+,
+
+B. alagesianus
+
+,
+
+B. incertus
+
+etc.), and the hindleg corbicular fringes have some extensively orange hairs. Some individuals from eastern
+Turkey
+and
+Iran
+(the taxon
+
+erzurumensis
+
+) resemble
+
+B. incertus
+
+closely because they have very few black hairs posteriorly on T2 and few or no pale hair on the face, but the queens of
+
+B. sichelii
+
+are smaller than
+
+B. incertus
+
+, the red of T4–5 is more orange-red, and the hindleg corbicular fringes have some extensively orange hairs.
+
+
+Males
+
+
+Body length
+11–15 mm
+. Can be distinguished in Europe and West Asia by their combination of yellow or white hair posteriorly on the thoracic dorsum, T2 with yellow or white but posteriorly with some black, and T4–7 a pale red. Genitalia (
+Fig. 197
+) with the gonostylus as long as broad, reduced as a rounded flat scale with the inner basal process reduced to a tooth (cf.
+rufipes-
+group,
+festivus-
+group,
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+-group); volsella with the inner distal corner broadly produced but without a narrow hook (cf.
+rufipes-
+group,
+festivus-
+group,
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+-group); eye unenlarged relative to female eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+Material examined
+
+
+
+
+Lectotype
+
+
+
+RUSSIA
+•
+♀
+(queen),
+lectotype
+of
+
+Bombus sichelii
+Radoszkowski, 1860
+
+by designation of
+Tkalců (1974b)
+;
+Kamchatka
+; Dittmar leg.;
+ZMHB
+(examined
+PW
+).
+
+
+Material sequenced
+(
+46 specimens
+, includes some sequences from
+
+Lecocq
+et al.
+2015
+
+)
+
+
+
+SPAIN
+• 1 ♂;
+Catalonia
+,
+Cerbi
+;
+42.646° N
+,
+1.152° E
+;
+
+16 Sep. 1993
+
+;
+C. Schmid-Egger
+leg.; BOLD seq: BCZSMHYM02963;
+ZSM
+:
+ML327
+
+•
+
+1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; BOLD seq: BCZSMHYM02964;
+ZSM
+:
+ML328
+
+.
+
+
+
+SWITZERLAND
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+46.2210° N
+,
+7.6203° E
+;
+
+22 Jul. 1999
+
+;
+P. Williams
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555H11;
+PW
+:
+ML313
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Ticino
+,
+Lago Sambuco
+;
+46.466° N
+,
+8.648° E
+;
+
+28 Jul. 1993
+
+;
+C. Schmid-Egger
+leg.; BOLD seq: BCZSMHYM02961;
+ZSM
+:
+ML326
+
+.
+
+
+
+AUSTRIA
+•
+1 spec.
+; M̹hl;
+47.5014° N
+,
+10.7361° E
+;
+D. Michez
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KM458067
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML285
+
+.
+
+
+
+FRANCE
+•
+1 spec.
+; Col d’Allos;
+44.1733° N
+,
+6.3544° E
+;
+O. Poncheau
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KM458070
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML288
+
+•
+
+1 spec.
+; Gavarnie;
+42.7119° N
+,
+0.0075° W
+;
+D. Michez
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KM458072
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML289
+
+.
+
+
+
+RUSSIA
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Chuvashiya
+,
+Severniy
+;
+56.2899° N
+,
+47.1931° E
+;
+
+24 Jun. 2010
+
+;
+A. Lashtukhin
+leg.; BOLD seq: SHMEL-E11;
+SDM
+ML331
+
+•
+
+1 spec.
+;
+Buryatia
+,
+Mondy
+;
+51.4103° N
+,
+100.5936° E
+;
+T. DeMeulemeester
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915894
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML290
+
+•
+
+1 spec.
+; same collection data as for preceding;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KC915896
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML291
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Tuva
+,
+
+31 km
+Erzin
+
+;
+50.0366° N
+,
+95.4348° E
+;
+
+18 Jul. 2014
+
+;
+A. Lelej
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555F11;
+NSUN
+:
+ML268
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Sakhalin
+,
+south Schmidta Peninsula
+;
+53.8874° N
+,
+142.7429° E
+;
+
+13 Aug. 2003
+
+;
+J. Jobe
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1552F06;
+SEMC
+:
+ML189
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Kamchatka
+;
+53.7887° N
+,
+159.3172° E
+; BOLD seq: 6879D08;
+FSCV
+:
+ML217
+
+.
+
+
+
+TURKEY
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+41.2008° N
+,
+42.5283° E
+; BOLD seq: 6879A04;
+PW
+:
+ML188
+
+•
+
+1 spec.
+;
+Zigana Geçidi
+;
+40.6353° N
+,
+39.4044° E
+;
+P. Rasmont
+leg.;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KM458068
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML286
+
+•
+
+1 spec.
+; same collection data as for preceding;
+GenBank
+seq:
+KM458069
+;
+UMONS
+:
+ML287
+
+.
+
+
+
+IRAN
+•
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+38.2974° N
+,
+48.0360° E
+;
+
+26 May 2006
+
+;
+NHMUK
+seq: IRANPW022;
+PW
+:
+ML15
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+38.2724° N
+,
+47.6886° E
+;
+
+29 May 2015
+
+;
+NHMUK
+seq: IRANPW020;
+PW
+:
+ML16
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+38.2717° N
+,
+47.8515° E
+;
+
+31 May 2014
+
+;
+NHMUK
+seq: IRANPW023;
+PW
+:
+ML17
+
+.
+
+
+
+KYRGYZSTAN
+•
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Santash
+;
+42.7389° N
+,
+79° E
+;
+
+28 Jun. 2016
+
+;
+R. DeJonghe
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555F03;
+RDJ
+:
+ML260
+
+.
+
+
+
+MONGOLIA
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Ovorhangay
+,
+Karakorum
+;
+47.1667° N
+,
+102.8333° E
+;
+
+13–16 Aug. 1990
+
+;
+C. Cockell
+leg.; BOLD seq: 6874D04;
+PW
+:
+ML18
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Hovsgol
+,
+Tsagaan Nur
+;
+50.601° N
+,
+101.523° E
+;
+
+16 Jul. 2005
+
+;
+J. Gelhaus
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1550G02;
+SEMC
+:
+ML215
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Dalbay
+;
+51.025° N
+,
+100.766° E
+;
+
+20 Jul. 2007
+
+;
+D. Song
+leg.; BOLD seq: 9808C12;
+PCYU
+:
+ML332
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Dalbay
+;
+51.0279° N
+,
+100.7667° E
+;
+
+4 Aug. 2007
+
+;
+D. Song
+leg.; BOLD seq: 9808E01;
+PW
+:
+ML218
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Khovsgol
+Nuur
+;
+51.0628° N
+,
+100.7322° E
+;
+
+21 Jul. 2004
+
+;
+D. Sheppard
+leg.;
+NHMUK
+seq:
+PW28
+;
+PW
+:
+ML324
+
+.
+
+
+
+CHINA
+–
+
+Neimenggu Province
+
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Moerdaga
+;
+51.3349° N
+,
+120.6784° E
+;
+
+18 Aug. 2009
+
+;
+P. Williams
+leg.;
+NHMUK
+seq: CT465;
+PW
+:
+ML465
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); nr.
+Huanggangliang
+;
+43.5423° N
+,
+117.6233° E
+;
+
+24 Aug. 2010
+
+;
+P. Williams
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555B12;
+PW
+:
+ML231
+
+. –
+
+
+Shanxi Province
+
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Yingxian
+;
+39.4008° N
+,
+113.4167° E
+;
+
+8 Sep. 2007
+
+;
+P. Williams
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555C01;
+PW
+:
+ML232
+
+. –
+
+
+Gansu Province
+
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Pinnan
+;
+34.3281° N
+,
+105.6278° E
+;
+
+30 Aug. 2009
+
+;
+P. Williams
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555H01;
+PW
+:
+ML303
+
+. –
+
+
+Sichuan Province
+
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Hongyuan
+;
+32.6403° N
+,
+102.3286° E
+;
+
+4 Aug. 2002
+
+;
+P. Williams
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555H02;
+PW
+:
+ML304
+
+•
+
+16 specs;
+Hongyuan
+;
+32.3282° N
+,
+102.4543° E
+;
+Y. Dong
+leg.;
+YD
+seq: DYX53.1, DYX53.2, DYY17, DYX61.1, DYX1.1, DYX18.1, DYX30.2, DYX34.1, DYX11.2, DYZX2, DYX64, DYX1.3, DYX13.1, DYX27.1, DYX13.2, DYX69.1;
+YD
+:
+ML443
+to
+ML458
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Global distribution
+
+
+
+(Widespread Palaearctic species, in steppes in the north and in mountains in the south)
+Europe
+:
+SPAIN
+,
+FRANCE
+,
+SWITZERLAND
+,
+AUSTRIA
+. –
+West Asia
+:
+TURKEY
+,
+IRAN
+. –
+North Asia
+:
+KYRGYZSTAN
+,
+MONGOLIA
+,
+RUSSIA
+: European Russia, North Caucasus, Ural, West Siberia,
+Altai
+Mountains, East Siberia, Far East. –
+East Asia
+:
+CHINA
+:
+Xizang
+,
+Sichuan
+,
+Gansu
+,
+Ningxia
+,
+Shanxi
+,
+Hebei
+,
+Neimenggu
+,
+Liaoning
+,
+Jilin
+,
+Heilongjiang
+; N
+KOREA
+, S.
+KOREA
+. (FSCV, IAR, IOZ, NHMUK, PW, SC, SEMC, YUY, ZMHB.) The species is widespread (
+Fig. 210
+) and often abundant.
+
+
+
+
+
+Behaviour
+
+
+
+Food-plant generalists (
+Rasmont 1988
+;
+Neumayer & Paulus 1999
+;
+
+Williams
+et al.
+2009
+
+;
+
+An
+et al.
+2014
+
+). The male mate-searching behaviour is expected to resemble the patrolling of
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F0B9573FDD5FCDCDEE9F9E3.xml b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F0B9573FDD5FCDCDEE9F9E3.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..868b9e88c49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F0B9573FDD5FCDCDEE9F9E3.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,669 @@
+
+
+
+Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Williams, Paul H.
+38A45E0C-02A8-407E-8E89-5162D454E9FE
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+paw@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren
+FB68F32E-4F6D-40C2-A921-20FBAD676D50
+Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia.
+altanchimegd@mas.ac.mn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Byvaltsev, Alexandr
+B57BAD3E-9E42-4446-994E-4A45A738D404
+Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
+byvam@yandex.ru
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jonghe, Roland De
+FC98CAB7-B2FF-4BEB-94FF-26F53D33CD04
+Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium.
+roland.de.jonghe@telenet.be
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jaffar, Saleem
+77F70375-0A19-4D0E-A05A-987BB46543C0
+South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
+saleemjaffar@stu.scau.edu.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Japoshvili, George
+CCC82B7C-A1E4-4D58-90A3-623116CBAE96
+Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia.
+g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kahono, Sih
+F8513496-B409-434C-A182-4146232C89FA
+Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia.
+sihkahono@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Liang, Huan
+A99867E0-C686-4608-8DF7-0EDE8D2D57EC
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+lianghuan@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mei, Maurizio
+82F344C7-B98A-462C-81E0-D6F3F02348D4
+Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy.
+maurizio.mei@uniroma1.it
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Monfared, Alireza
+48CA77BA-8CF4-4812-89B1-696A11FEDE2D
+Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran.
+alirezamonfared1@yahoo.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nidup, Tshering
+BE588EE1-5E2C-46CC-8907-CD344D88C869
+Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan.
+tsheringnidup@sherubtse.edu.bt
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Raina, Rifat
+48E5AE7A-D5DC-4549-94B7-FD8489D1EF9E
+Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India.
+rifat72001@rediffmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ren, Zongxin
+27B9DD39-62A8-44D3-9D6A-E6C20D8AAA27
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Thanoosing, Chawatat
+6F4C150C-BC03-4F75-91A6-2A8AF6B5905C
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+c.thanoosing@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Zhao, Yanhui
+299C8EEA-699E-4B15-9BCD-9806E0E7EE63
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+zhaoyanhui@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Orr, Michael C.
+1E7F46C3-870E-460C-A611-BA1042ED99FB
+Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
+michael.christopher.orr@gmail.com
+
+text
+
+
+European Journal of Taxonomy
+
+
+2020
+
+2020-10-02
+
+
+719
+
+
+1
+120
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107
+7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96
+2118-9773
+4064324
+A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus incertus
+Morawitz, 1881
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 15
+,
+123–124
+,
+195
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus incertus
+Morawitz, 1881: 229
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus insertus
+
+–
+
+Esmaili & Rastegar 1974: 25
+
+, incorrect subsequent spelling.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus erzurumensis
+
+–
+
+Lecocq
+et al
+. 2015
+
+: supplementary table s1 (non
+
+Özbek, 1990: 209
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Vogt (1909: 49)
+initially considered the taxon
+
+incertus
+
+to be part (a ‘Form’) of the species
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+s. lat.
+although subsequently (
+Vogt 1909: 52
+,
+1911: 68
+) he regarded
+
+B. incertus
+
+as a species separate from
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+s. lat.
+Reinig (1935)
+also considered
+
+B. incertus
+
+to be a separate species.
+
+
+Our PTP analysis (
+Fig. 10
+) of coalescents in the COI gene supports three coalescents for candidate species within the
+sichelii-
+group as identified in the four gene species tree (
+Figs 21–22
+): a west Asian
+
+B
+.
+incertus
+
+, which is strongly supported, and a widespread Eurasian
+
+B
+.
+sichelii
+
+s. lat.
+, which is more weakly supported, and the Himalayan
+
+B. semenovianus
+
+. This is corroborated by differences in morphology that support the three as separate species (see the Diagnosis). The colour pattern of
+
+B. incertus
+
+appears to be particularly invariant.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+
+
+
+Females
+
+
+
+
+Queens medium-sized body length
+18–21 mm
+, workers
+10–15 mm
+. Can be distinguished in West Asia by their combination of the hair of the face black, the hair of T2 posteriorly entirely bright white, the hindleg corbicular fringes predominantly black, and the red of T4–5 being a deep almost purplered rather than orange-red (cf.
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+,
+
+B. eriophorus
+
+,
+
+B. sichelii
+
+,
+
+B. alagesianus
+
+). Queens of
+
+B. incertus
+
+are also larger than similarly coloured queens of
+
+B. sichelii
+
+from
+Iran
+and eastern
+Turkey
+, and can be distinguished by the complete absence of black hairs from T2 posteriorly and by the hindleg corbicular fringes without extensively orange hairs.
+
+
+Males
+
+
+Body length
+12–15 mm
+. Can be distinguished in West Asia by their combination of the black band between the wing bases narrower than the anterior white band, the scutellum anterior margin with a few black hairs, T2 posteriorly entirely bright white, and the red of T4–7 being a deep almost purple-red rather than orange-red. Genitalia (
+Fig. 195
+) with the gonostylus as long as broad, reduced as a rounded flat scale with the inner basal process reduced to a tooth (cf.
+rufipes-
+group,
+festivus-
+group,
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+- group); volsella with the inner distal corner broadly produced but without a narrow hook (cf.
+rufipesgroup
+,
+festivus-
+group,
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+-group); eye unenlarged relative to female eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+Material examined
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+
+
+?
+
+RUSSIA
+•
+♀
+(queen),
+holotype
+of
+
+Bombus incertus
+Morawitz, 1881
+
+by monotypy; “Caucasien”;
+F. Morawitz
+leg.; not found (searched both
+ZIN
+and
+ZMUM
+), but identity as a species widespread in Turkey not in doubt.
+
+
+
+Material sequenced
+(
+8 specimens
+)
+
+
+
+TURKEY
+•
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Lake
+Van
+;
+38.4842° N
+,
+42.2978° E
+;
+
+18 Jun. 1988
+
+;
+K. Guichard
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555C08;
+NHMUK
+:
+ML239
+
+.
+
+
+
+IRAN
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Tehran
+,
+Kamarbon
+;
+36.2162° N
+,
+52.2928° E
+;
+
+14 Aug. 2010
+
+;
+P. Abdoli
+leg.;
+NHMUK
+seq: IRANPW015;
+PW
+:
+ML11
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Tehran
+,
+Kamarbon
+;
+36.2161° N
+,
+52.2928° E
+;
+
+14 Aug. 2010
+
+;
+P. Abdoli
+leg.;
+NHMUK
+:
+IRANPW016
+;
+PW
+:
+ML12
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Kasra
+;
+38.3444° N
+,
+47.6711° E
+;
+
+6 Aug. 2009
+
+;
+A. Monfared
+leg.;
+NHMUK
+seq: IRANPW003;
+PW
+:
+ML13
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Shahkuh
+,
+Gorgan
+;
+37.3698° N
+,
+55.9065° E
+;
+
+25 Sep. 2012
+
+;
+E. Spo
+leg.;
+NHMUK
+seq: NHMRC1;
+PW
+:
+ML14
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Mazandaran
+,
+Ileka
+;
+36.2077° N
+,
+51.4088° E
+;
+
+9 May 2006
+
+;
+A. Taghavi
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555C05;
+PW
+:
+ML236
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Ardabil
+,
+Shabil
+;
+38.2809° N
+,
+47.7182° E
+;
+
+26 May 2006
+
+;
+A. Monfared
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555C06;
+PW
+:
+ML237
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Meshkinshahr
+,
+Walazir
+;
+38.3151° N
+,
+47.7595° E
+;
+
+4 Aug. 2005
+
+;
+A. Monfared
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555C07;
+PW
+:
+ML238
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Global distribution
+
+
+
+(West Asian mountain species)
+West Asia
+:
+TURKEY
+,
+IRAN
+. (NHMUK, PW, YUY.) Contrary to some recent claims (S.-F.
+Wang 1985
+; S.-F.
+Wang & Yao 1996
+;
+
+Niu
+et al.
+2018
+
+), this species does not occur in
+China
+. Examination of specimens in the IOZ collection labelled
+
+B. incertus
+
+shows these to be mostly misidentified
+
+B. separandus
+
+with a few
+
+B. keriensis
+
+from
+Xinjiang
+(examined PW).
+
+Bombus incertus
+
+is locally common.
+
+
+
+
+
+Behaviour
+
+
+
+Food-plant generalists (
+Rasmont & Flagothier 1996
+). The male mate-searching behaviour is expected to resemble the patrolling of
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F12956BFD9FFEA9DF47F8EC.xml b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F12956BFD9FFEA9DF47F8EC.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fa56feba6bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F12956BFD9FFEA9DF47F8EC.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,996 @@
+
+
+
+Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Williams, Paul H.
+38A45E0C-02A8-407E-8E89-5162D454E9FE
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+paw@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren
+FB68F32E-4F6D-40C2-A921-20FBAD676D50
+Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia.
+altanchimegd@mas.ac.mn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Byvaltsev, Alexandr
+B57BAD3E-9E42-4446-994E-4A45A738D404
+Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
+byvam@yandex.ru
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jonghe, Roland De
+FC98CAB7-B2FF-4BEB-94FF-26F53D33CD04
+Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium.
+roland.de.jonghe@telenet.be
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jaffar, Saleem
+77F70375-0A19-4D0E-A05A-987BB46543C0
+South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
+saleemjaffar@stu.scau.edu.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Japoshvili, George
+CCC82B7C-A1E4-4D58-90A3-623116CBAE96
+Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia.
+g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kahono, Sih
+F8513496-B409-434C-A182-4146232C89FA
+Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia.
+sihkahono@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Liang, Huan
+A99867E0-C686-4608-8DF7-0EDE8D2D57EC
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+lianghuan@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mei, Maurizio
+82F344C7-B98A-462C-81E0-D6F3F02348D4
+Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy.
+maurizio.mei@uniroma1.it
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Monfared, Alireza
+48CA77BA-8CF4-4812-89B1-696A11FEDE2D
+Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran.
+alirezamonfared1@yahoo.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nidup, Tshering
+BE588EE1-5E2C-46CC-8907-CD344D88C869
+Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan.
+tsheringnidup@sherubtse.edu.bt
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Raina, Rifat
+48E5AE7A-D5DC-4549-94B7-FD8489D1EF9E
+Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India.
+rifat72001@rediffmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ren, Zongxin
+27B9DD39-62A8-44D3-9D6A-E6C20D8AAA27
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Thanoosing, Chawatat
+6F4C150C-BC03-4F75-91A6-2A8AF6B5905C
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+c.thanoosing@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Zhao, Yanhui
+299C8EEA-699E-4B15-9BCD-9806E0E7EE63
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+zhaoyanhui@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Orr, Michael C.
+1E7F46C3-870E-460C-A611-BA1042ED99FB
+Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
+michael.christopher.orr@gmail.com
+
+text
+
+
+European Journal of Taxonomy
+
+
+2020
+
+2020-10-02
+
+
+719
+
+
+1
+120
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107
+7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96
+2118-9773
+4064324
+A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus alagesianus
+Reinig, 1930
+
+stat. rev.
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 16
+,
+148–150
+,
+199
+,
+212
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus alagesianus
+Reinig, 1930: 89
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Lapidariobombus alagesianus
+subsp.
+kubanensis
+Skorikov, 1931: 226
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus keriensis
+
+(part) –
+
+Reinig 1935: 341
+
+. —
+
+Williams 1998: 134
+
+(non
+
+Morawitz, 1887: 199
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+The name
+
+Lapidariobombus alagesianus
+
+was first published by
+Skorikov (1923: 152)
+for a species, but without any description of characters and without a statement to indicate clearly the intention to publish the name of a new species (on page 145 there is also a list that includes “
+
+Lapidariobombus alagesianus
+
+[and]
+
+subsp.
+cubanensis
+
+”, but with no further reference or description). It is possible that a manuscript appendix describing this and other new species was written but not included in the publication for some reason. The distribution of
+
+L. alagesianus
+
+was given on page 152 as Caucasus and Central Asia. Because this name was published with a locality but without a character description it is unavailable (
+ICZN 1999
+: Article 12.1, 12.3).
+
+
+The name
+
+B. alagesianus
+
+was later published by
+Reinig (1930)
+for a species from the Transcaucasus alone, together with a short character description. It is quite possible that Reinig was referring to
+Skorikov’s 1923
+name
+
+alagesianus
+
+, but from
+Reinig’s 1930
+text there is no indication directly and explicitly connecting the name
+
+alagesianus
+
+with Skorikov. Furthermore,
+Reinig (1935: 340)
+refers to a taxon “f.g.
+
+alagesianus
+Reinig, 1930
+
+” of
+
+B. keriensis
+
+, so he appears to have believed at that time that he had been the first to describe the taxon
+
+alagesianus
+
+.
+Reinig’s 1930
+description acknowledges that
+
+B. alagesianus
+
+matches
+
+B. separandus
+
+in a couple of colour-pattern characters (that differ from
+
+B. sichelii
+
+) and also distinguishes
+
+B. alagesianus
+
+from
+
+B. separandus
+
+by describing
+
+B. alagesianus
+
+as occurring in “Transkaukasien” rather than in the “Boro-Choro-Gebirge” (
+Xinjiang
+, Central Asia) as for
+
+B. separandus
+
+(higher on the same page). This minimal character description for
+
+B. alagesianus
+Reinig
+
+is considered sufficient (and combined with the locality is actually fully diagnostic), so the name
+
+B. alagesianus
+
+is available (
+ICZN 1999
+: Article 12.1). Therefore
+
+L. alagesianus
+Skorikov (1923)
+
+is an unavailable name and
+
+B. alagesianus
+Reinig (1930)
+
+is the oldest name to meet the requirements for availability and is the valid name for the species.
+
+
+The taxon
+
+alagesianus
+
+was treated as a part of
+
+B. keriensis
+
+s. lat.
+by
+Reinig (1935)
+and by
+Williams (1998)
+. It was listed as a species separate from
+
+B. keriensis
+
+by
+Rasmont (1983)
+and by
+
+Lecocq
+et al
+. (2015)
+
+, although neither of these publications gives reasons to justify the change in interpretation.
+
+
+Our PTP analysis (
+Fig. 10
+) of coalescents in the COI gene within the
+
+keriensis
+
+-complex supports six species including
+
+B. alagesianus
+
+, corroborated by differences in morphology. These species are also supported by the absence of a positive divergence-with-distance relationship among them (
+Fig. 20
+) (see Divergence and geographical distance, page 12).
+
+
+From morphology,
+
+B. alagesianus
+
+has a more extensively pale colour pattern in the hair on the side of the thorax than most
+
+keriensis
+
+s. str.
+for the females (larger workers and queens). This revision is the first time that white-banded individuals have been recognised to be part of
+
+B. alagesianus
+
+.
+
+Bombus alagesianus
+
+has often been confused with other species of the subgenus
+
+Melanobombus
+
+, especially because it is uncommon and occurs with both yellow-banded and white-banded colour patterns.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+
+
+
+Females
+
+
+
+
+Queens medium-sized body length
+17–20 mm
+, workers
+9–14 mm
+. Can be distinguished in West Asia by their combination of hair on the face black, hair on T2 yellow or nearly white without any black hairs
+
+
+posteriorly, and the hindleg corbicular fringes with some extensively orange hairs (cf.
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+,
+
+B. sichelii
+
+,
+
+B. eriophorus
+
+,
+
+B. incertus
+
+).
+
+
+Males
+
+
+Body length
+9–11 mm
+. Can be distinguished in West Asia by hair on T2 pale without any black hairs posteriorly. Genitalia (
+Fig. 199
+) with the gonostylus as long as broad, its inner basal projection reduced to a short stub (cf.
+rufipes-
+group,
+festivus-
+group,
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+-group); volsella with the inner distal corner broadly produced but without a narrow hook (cf.
+rufipes-
+group,
+festivus-
+group,
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+- group); eye unenlarged relative to female eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+Material examined
+
+
+
+The specimen detailed below from the
+RMNH
+collection is possibly a
+syntype
+of
+
+B. alagesianus
+Reinig (1930)
+
+, which would then be eligible for designation as a
+lectotype
+. According to A. de Boer (in litt.), Reinig worked for O. Vogt within the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research in
+Berlin
+until the early 1930s, where Reinig might have seen this specimen in Vogt’s collection. Vogt’s collection was donated to the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam in 1960 and this collection was recently transferred to the
+RMNH
+. However, there is no definite evidence either from the specimen labels or from
+Reinig’s (1930)
+text to show that this specimen was one of those examined and described by
+Reinig (1930)
+and most of Reinig’s pre-war types are known to have been destroyed (P. Rasmont in litt.). In view of the uncertainty in the status of this specimen as a
+syntype
+and the uncertainty in the identity of the species, it is considered preferable to designate this specimen as a
+neotype
+.
+
+
+
+
+Neotype
+designation
+
+
+
+
+We believe that there is an exceptional need to designate a
+neotype
+(
+
+ICZN
+1999
+
+: Article 75.3.1) to clarify the taxonomic status of
+
+B. alagesianus
+Reinig (1930)
+
+because there are no definite extant types and because this species is difficult to distinguish from and easily confused with other species of the subgenus
+
+Melanobombus
+
+.
+
+
+Reinig (1930)
+differentiated
+
+B. alagesianus
+
+from other similar species (
+
+ICZN
+1999
+
+: Article 75.3.2) of the subgenus
+
+Melanobombus
+
+in West Asia by the hair on T2 pale without any black hairs, in having hair of similar length to
+
+B. separandus
+
+, and in having the red hair of the metasoma similar in hue to
+
+B. separandus
+
+.
+
+
+The
+neotype
+can be recognised uniquely (
+
+ICZN
+1999
+
+:Article 75.3.3) as a yellow-banded queen bumblebee in the
+RMNH
+collection that agrees with the original description and carries six labels: (1) handwritten faded white label “Alagez, Trans-/ kaukasien /9.VII.09” (= Mt Alagyaz = Mt Aragats); (2) handwritten faded white label “
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+subsp./
+
+alagesianus
+Skorikov
+
+/A. Skorikov det”; (3) handwritten pink label “Cotype”; (4) red label printed in black “
+
+Bombus
+
+/
+
+separandus
+
+
+?
+alagesianus
+
+/
+Reinig, 1930
+/ ZMAN type HYME.0003.1”; (5) white label printed in black “ZMA.INS.956675 [barcode]”; (6) red label printed in black “
+
+NEOTYPE
+
+♀
+/
+
+Bombus
+
+/
+
+alagesianus
+
+/
+Reinig, 1930
+/ det.
+PH
+Williams 2018
+”.
+
+
+We believe that the name-bearing types of
+
+B. alagesianus
+Reinig (1930)
+
+may have all been destroyed (
+
+ICZN
+1999
+
+: Article 75.3.4). Reinig’s description of
+
+B. alagesianus
+
+does not specify a
+holotype
+or a number of
+syntypes
+. According to P. Rasmont (in litt.), any of Reinig’s pre-war types not in the collection of the Instituut voor Taxonomische Zôlogie in Amsterdam (now transferred to the
+RMNH
+) must be considered to have been destroyed by soldiers during the winter of 1945. The
+RMNH
+collection contains a single queen labelled
+
+B. lapidarius
+subsp.
+alagesianus
+Skorikov
+
+by Skorikov, although there is no evidence from the specimen labels or from
+Reinig’s (1930)
+text that this specimen was examined and described by
+Reinig (1930)
+.
+
+
+The
+neotype
+matches the original description (
+
+ICZN
+1999
+
+: Article 75.3.5) of
+
+B. alagesianus
+
+Reinig’s (1930)
+in having no black hair on metasomal T2, in having hair of similar length to
+
+B. separandus
+
+, and in having the red hair of the metasoma similar in hue to
+
+B. separandus
+
+. In addition, if Reinig were referring to
+Skorikov’s (1923)
+
+Lapidariobombus alagesianus
+
+, then this specimen was labelled as
+
+B. lapidarius
+subsp.
+alagesianus
+
+by Skorikov and carries the label “Cotype”.
+
+
+The
+neotype
+comes from the original type locality (
+
+ICZN
+1999
+
+: Article 75.3.6) because
+
+B. alagesianus
+
+is eponymous for the locality given on its label: “Alagez, Trans-/ kaukasien” and given by
+Reinig (1930)
+in the original description as “Transkaukasien”.
+
+
+The
+neotype
+is the property of and housed in the collection of (
+
+ICZN
+1999
+
+: Article 75.3.7) the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden,
+Netherlands
+(
+RMNH
+: ZMA.INS.956675).
+
+
+Material sequenced
+(
+15 specimens
+)
+
+
+
+IRAN
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Kasra
+;
+38.3444° N
+,
+47.6711° E
+;
+
+6 Aug. 2009
+
+;
+P. Haidari
+leg.;
+NHMUK
+seq: IRANPW019;
+PW
+:
+ML24
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+A. Monfared
+leg.;
+NHMUK
+seq: IRANPW017;
+PW
+:
+ML25
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+NHMUK
+seq: IRANPW018;
+PW
+:
+ML26
+
+.
+
+
+
+ARMENIA
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Mt Aragat
+;
+40.4775° N
+,
+44.1832° E
+;
+
+25 Jul. 2008
+
+;
+S. Droege
+leg.; BOLD seq: 6876H11;
+PW
+:
+ML27
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding; BOLD seq: 6876H10;
+PW
+:
+ML28
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(queen); same collection data as for preceding;
+NHMUK
+seq:
+PW22
+;
+PW
+:
+ML190
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding; BOLD seq: 1555H06;
+PW
+:
+ML308
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding; BOLD seq: 1555H07;
+PW
+:
+ML309
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding; BOLD seq: 1555H08;
+PW
+:
+ML310
+
+.
+
+
+
+TURKEY
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Artvin
+,
+Çam Geçidi
+;
+41.2143° N
+,
+42.3000° E
+;
+
+12 Aug. 2011
+
+; BOLD seq: 6879A02;
+PW
+:
+ML200
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Artvin
+,
+Çam Geçidi
+;
+41.2052° N
+,
+42.5012° E
+;
+
+12 Aug. 2011
+
+; BOLD seq: 6879A03;
+PW
+:
+ML201
+
+.
+
+
+
+GEORGIA •
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Lagodekhi
+;
+41.9° N
+,
+46.3333° E
+;
+
+22 Jun. 2015
+
+;
+G. Japoshvili
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555A03;
+GJ
+:
+ML176
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Javakheti
+,
+Bugdasheni lake
+;
+41.1989° N
+,
+43.6902° E
+;
+
+14 May 2013
+
+;
+R. DeJonghe
+leg.; BOLD seq: 6880C01;
+RDJ
+:
+ML498
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+R. DeJonghe
+leg.; reared from BOLD seq: 6880C01; BOLD seq: 6880C02;
+RDJ
+:
+ML499
+
+•
+
+1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;
+R. DeJonghe
+leg.; reared from BOLD seq: 6880C01; BOLD seq: 6880C03;
+RDJ
+:
+ML500
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Global distribution
+
+
+
+(West Asian mountain species)
+West Asia
+:
+TURKEY
+,
+GEORGIA
+,
+ARMENIA
+,
+IRAN
+. (GJ, NHMUK, RDJ, RMNH, PW.) This species is not common (
+Fig. 212
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Behaviour
+
+
+
+Expected to be food-plant generalists but no records. The male mate-searching behaviour is expected to resemble the patrolling behaviour of
+
+B. keriensis
+
+s. str.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F14956EFDACFD9BD911FBF2.xml b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F14956EFDACFD9BD911FBF2.xml
index 852e0a8b364..a0ded280823 100644
--- a/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F14956EFDACFD9BD911FBF2.xml
+++ b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F14956EFDACFD9BD911FBF2.xml
@@ -1,144 +1,183 @@
-
-
-
-Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)
+
+
+
+Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Williams, Paul H.
-Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK. Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia. Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia. Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium. South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia. Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia. Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China. Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy. Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran. Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan. Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India. Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
-paw@nhm.ac.uk
+Williams, Paul H.
+38A45E0C-02A8-407E-8E89-5162D454E9FE
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+paw@nhm.ac.uk
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren
-altanchimegd@mas.ac.mn
+Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren
+FB68F32E-4F6D-40C2-A921-20FBAD676D50
+Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia.
+altanchimegd@mas.ac.mn
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Byvaltsev, Alexandr
-byvam@yandex.ru
+Byvaltsev, Alexandr
+B57BAD3E-9E42-4446-994E-4A45A738D404
+Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
+byvam@yandex.ru
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Jonghe, Roland De
-roland.de.jonghe@telenet.be
+Jonghe, Roland De
+FC98CAB7-B2FF-4BEB-94FF-26F53D33CD04
+Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium.
+roland.de.jonghe@telenet.be
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Jaffar, Saleem
-saleemjaffar@stu.scau.edu.cn
+Jaffar, Saleem
+77F70375-0A19-4D0E-A05A-987BB46543C0
+South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
+saleemjaffar@stu.scau.edu.cn
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Japoshvili, George
-g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge
+Japoshvili, George
+CCC82B7C-A1E4-4D58-90A3-623116CBAE96
+Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia.
+g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Kahono, Sih
-sihkahono@gmail.com
+Kahono, Sih
+F8513496-B409-434C-A182-4146232C89FA
+Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia.
+sihkahono@gmail.com
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Liang, Huan
-lianghuan@mail.kib.ac.cn
+Liang, Huan
+A99867E0-C686-4608-8DF7-0EDE8D2D57EC
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+lianghuan@mail.kib.ac.cn
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Mei, Maurizio
+Mei, Maurizio
+82F344C7-B98A-462C-81E0-D6F3F02348D4
+Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy.
+maurizio.mei@uniroma1.it
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Monfared, Alireza
+Monfared, Alireza
+48CA77BA-8CF4-4812-89B1-696A11FEDE2D
+Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran.
+alirezamonfared1@yahoo.com
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Nidup, Tshering
+Nidup, Tshering
+BE588EE1-5E2C-46CC-8907-CD344D88C869
+Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan.
+tsheringnidup@sherubtse.edu.bt
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Raina, Rifat
+Raina, Rifat
+48E5AE7A-D5DC-4549-94B7-FD8489D1EF9E
+Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India.
+rifat72001@rediffmail.com
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Ren, Zongxin
+Ren, Zongxin
+27B9DD39-62A8-44D3-9D6A-E6C20D8AAA27
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Thanoosing, Chawatat
+Thanoosing, Chawatat
+6F4C150C-BC03-4F75-91A6-2A8AF6B5905C
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+c.thanoosing@nhm.ac.uk
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Zhao, Yanhui
+Zhao, Yanhui
+299C8EEA-699E-4B15-9BCD-9806E0E7EE63
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+zhaoyanhui@mail.kib.ac.cn
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Orr, Michael C.
+Orr, Michael C.
+1E7F46C3-870E-460C-A611-BA1042ED99FB
+Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
+michael.christopher.orr@gmail.com
-text
-
-
-European Journal of Taxonomy
+text
+
+
+European Journal of Taxonomy
-
-2020
-
-2020-10-02
+
+2020
+
+2020-10-02
-
-719
+
+719
-
-1
-120
+
+1
+120
-journal article
-9775
-10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107
-7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96
-4064324
-A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F
+journal article
+10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107
+7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96
+2118-9773
+4064324
+A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F
-
+
-
+
Bombus incertoides
Vogt, 1911
@@ -165,7 +204,7 @@
[subsp.]
-
+
incertoïdes
Vogt, 1911: 58
diff --git a/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F1B9565FDCAFB5DD92EFEBA.xml b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F1B9565FDCAFB5DD92EFEBA.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0904eea6a3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F1B9565FDCAFB5DD92EFEBA.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,854 @@
+
+
+
+Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Williams, Paul H.
+38A45E0C-02A8-407E-8E89-5162D454E9FE
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+paw@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren
+FB68F32E-4F6D-40C2-A921-20FBAD676D50
+Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia.
+altanchimegd@mas.ac.mn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Byvaltsev, Alexandr
+B57BAD3E-9E42-4446-994E-4A45A738D404
+Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
+byvam@yandex.ru
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jonghe, Roland De
+FC98CAB7-B2FF-4BEB-94FF-26F53D33CD04
+Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium.
+roland.de.jonghe@telenet.be
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jaffar, Saleem
+77F70375-0A19-4D0E-A05A-987BB46543C0
+South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
+saleemjaffar@stu.scau.edu.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Japoshvili, George
+CCC82B7C-A1E4-4D58-90A3-623116CBAE96
+Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia.
+g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kahono, Sih
+F8513496-B409-434C-A182-4146232C89FA
+Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia.
+sihkahono@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Liang, Huan
+A99867E0-C686-4608-8DF7-0EDE8D2D57EC
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+lianghuan@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mei, Maurizio
+82F344C7-B98A-462C-81E0-D6F3F02348D4
+Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy.
+maurizio.mei@uniroma1.it
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Monfared, Alireza
+48CA77BA-8CF4-4812-89B1-696A11FEDE2D
+Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran.
+alirezamonfared1@yahoo.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nidup, Tshering
+BE588EE1-5E2C-46CC-8907-CD344D88C869
+Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan.
+tsheringnidup@sherubtse.edu.bt
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Raina, Rifat
+48E5AE7A-D5DC-4549-94B7-FD8489D1EF9E
+Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India.
+rifat72001@rediffmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ren, Zongxin
+27B9DD39-62A8-44D3-9D6A-E6C20D8AAA27
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Thanoosing, Chawatat
+6F4C150C-BC03-4F75-91A6-2A8AF6B5905C
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+c.thanoosing@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Zhao, Yanhui
+299C8EEA-699E-4B15-9BCD-9806E0E7EE63
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+zhaoyanhui@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Orr, Michael C.
+1E7F46C3-870E-460C-A611-BA1042ED99FB
+Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
+michael.christopher.orr@gmail.com
+
+text
+
+
+European Journal of Taxonomy
+
+
+2020
+
+2020-10-02
+
+
+719
+
+
+1
+120
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107
+7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96
+2118-9773
+4064324
+A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus keriensis
+Morawitz, 1887
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 16
+,
+163–172
+,
+203
+,
+209
+,
+212
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus keriensis
+Morawitz, 1887: 199
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Lapidariobombus separandus
+subsp.
+meridialis
+Skorikov, 1914a: 127
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus trilineatus
+
+S.-F.
+
+Wang, 1982: 441
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Pyrobombus keriensis
+subsp.
+karakorumensis
+Tkalců, 1989: 57
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+The taxonomic limits of the species
+
+B. keriensis
+
+have been a particular long-standing or persistent taxonomic problem.
+
+
+Vogt (1909: 41
+, 62) treated
+
+B. keriensis
+
+s. str.
+as a species separate from his taxon
+
+separandus
+
+.
+Vogt (1911: 58)
+characterised and distinguished
+
+B. keriensis
+
+s. str.
+from
+
+B. separandus
+
+by having from a few yellow hairs on the face to having the hair of the face entirely pale.
+
+
+Skorikov (1931)
+listed
+
+B. keriensis
+
+s. str.
+and
+
+B. separandus
+
+as two species but discussed them together under a joint heading, “
+
+Lapidariobombus keriensis
+(F. Mor.) 1886
+
+und
+
+Lapidariobombus separandus
+(Vogt) 1909
+
+”. While he mentioned the difference in face colour, he described
+
+B. keriensis
+
+s. str.
+and
+
+B. separandus
+
+as hardly distinguishable (his
+
+Lapidariobombus anargumentosus
+Skorikov, 1931
+
+, on the same page is recognised here from the pattern of punctures on the ocello-ocular area of the head of the
+syntypes
+in the ZIN as conspecific with
+
+B.
+(
+Pyrobombus
+)
+biroi
+Vogt, 1911
+
+,
+syn. nov.
+, and is not a species of the subgenus
+
+Melanobombus
+
+).
+
+
+Reinig (1935)
+included the taxon
+
+keriensis
+
+s. str.
+as a part of a broad species
+
+B. keriensis
+
+s. lat.
+that also included the taxa
+
+separandus
++ incertoides
++ alagesianus
+
+. This interpretation was followed by
+Williams (1991
+,
+1998
+).
+
+
+Wang (1982)
+described her taxon
+
+trilineatus
+
+without reference to
+
+B. keriensis
+
+, comparing it instead to the more distantly related “
+
+B. occulatus
+var.
+haemorrhous
+Richards
+
+” [sic] (=
+
+B. simillimus
+
+) for colour pattern and details of morphology.
+
+
+Our PTP analysis (
+Fig. 10
+) of coalescents in the COI gene within the
+
+keriensis
+
+-complex supports six species including
+
+B. keriensis
+
+s. str.
+, corroborated by differences in morphology. These species are also supported by the absence of a positive divergence-with-distance relationship among them (
+Fig. 20
+) (see Divergence and geographical distance, page 12).
+
+
+From morphology, after examining>1000 specimens of the
+
+keriensis
+
+-group from across Asia and after comparing the distribution of states of several characters as part of this study (PW), Vogt’s character state of at least a few yellow hairs on the face does appear to remain one of the most consistently diagnostic character states for
+
+B. keriensis
+
+s. str.
+(by comparison with COI sequences), at least for queens in most parts of the species’ range (but see the comments on
+
+B. separandus
+
+regarding the Mongolian taxon
+
+kozlovi
+
+). Several aspects of the colour pattern vary strongly within the species: (1)
+
+B. keriensis
+
+s. str.
+includes both yellow-banded and white-banded colour patterns; (2) the extent of pale hair on the face varies; (3) the extent of the black hair between the wing bases varies; (4) the extent of the pale hair on the side and ventral area (leg bases) of the thorax varies; (5) the extent of the pale hair posteriorly on T3 varies (the ‘ciliation’ described by authors); (6) the contrast of the pale posterior fringes on T4–5 varies. Many of these characters might appear to show a continuum of variation that is also continuous with the variation within
+
+B. separandus
+(
+Williams 1991
+)
+
+, which might then appear consistent with the two taxa being parts of the same species (
+Reinig 1935
+). However, evidence from COI barcodes shows that the two gene-coalescent groups differ most consistently in the presence of pale hairs on the face of
+
+B. keriensis
+
+s. str.
+, supporting Vogt’s characterisation of the species, and providing integrated morphological support for its status as a separate species. The overlapping colour variation of
+
+B. separandus
+
+but only in
+Mongolia
+(where
+
+B. keriensis
+
+s. str.
+does not occur) does not negate the fact that
+
+B. keriensis
+
+s. str.
+is recognisable by morphological characters throughout its geographical range.
+
+
+There are some yellow-banded queens from the Pir Panjal and Great Himalaya ranges (part of
+
+B. keriensis
+
+s. str.
+according our COI coalescent results,
+Fig. 10
+) that have very few pale hairs on the face, although these specimens still have a few yellow hairs on the leg bases and have a few black hairs in the pale bands of the thoracic dorsum. Many of the available specimens have failed repeated attempts at sequencing, so the species’ diagnosis remains tentative. Particularly influential in the interpretation of these individuals is one sequenced yellow-banded queen with very few pale hairs on the face, on the underside of the thorax, and on T3, from the Pir Panjal range (PW: ML405,
+Figs 170
+,
+209
+) that groups with
+
+B. keriensis
+
+s. str.
+(
+Fig. 10
+) rather than with
+
+B. separandus
+
+(diagnostic base positions 267T, 286T, 301T, 306C, 339C, 363T, 423C, 498T, 529A, 540C, 541T, 556T). This is one of the specimens that most closely resembles some yellow-banded
+
+B. separandus
+
+also from Kashmir (
+Figs 177
+,
+210
+) (the difference in the breadth of the black band between the wings is not diagnostic for these species).
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+
+
+
+Females
+
+
+Queens medium-sized body length
+17–21 mm
+, workers
+9–14 mm
+. Can be distinguished in Central Asia by the combination of hair of the face usually with some pale hairs, the leg bases usually with some pale hairs, T2 posteriorly entirely pale without black hairs, with T3 laterally usually with some pale hairs (cf.
+
+B. sichelii
+
+,
+
+B. separandus
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+Males
+
+
+Body length
+11–15 mm
+. Can be distinguished reliably at present only by their COI sequence, although in the western Himalaya they may be distinguished by yellow hair between the wing bases and on T3 posterio-laterally. Genitalia (
+Fig. 203
+) with the gonostylus shorter than broad, its inner basal projection reduced to a short stub (cf.
+rufipes-
+group,
+festivus-
+group,
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+-group); volsella with the inner distal corner broadly produced but without a narrow hook (cf.
+rufipes-
+group,
+festivus-
+group,
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+-group); eye unenlarged relative to female eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+Material examined
+
+
+
+
+Lectotype
+designation
+
+
+
+
+CHINA
+•
+♀
+(queen),
+lectotype
+of
+
+Bombus keriensis
+Morawitz, 1887
+
+;
+Keria Mts
+;
+
+9000 ft
+a.s.l.
+
+;
+Przewalsky
+leg.;
+ZIN
+.
+
+
+
+Morawitz’s original description of several females of
+
+B. keriensis
+
+gives the type locality as “Keria” [= Keriya/Yutian, east of Hotan /Hetian / Khotan], presumably not in the low-lying town but higher in the neighbouring Karakax
+Shan
+(of the western Kunlun
+Shan
+[shan = mountains], southern
+Xinjiang
+, and probably near the village of Polu / Pulu/ Pulucun [cun = village],
+36.1850° N
+,
+81.4827° E
+. This village was visited by N. Prshewalsky while searching for a pass southwards into Ladakh during his fourth (and final) Central Asian expedition in the summer of 1885 (
+Rayfield 1976
+). If the “9000” on the
+syntype
+specimen label (below) were an elevation in feet then this is substantially higher than the elevation of Keriya (ca
+4500 feet
+), so a collecting site near Pulu is highly likely. These mountains are very arid, so likely sites with a reliable water supply and food plants every summer sufficient to support bumblebee colonies are restricted (
+
+Williams
+et al.
+2015a
+
+).
+
+
+The
+ZIN
+collection contains a queen that agrees with the original description and carries seven labels: (1)gold disc;(2)handwritten white label“Keria / Gebirg./ 9000”reverse“2/10/[illegible]”;(3)handwritten white label “Przewalsky”; (4) handwritten white label “
+
+Bombus
+
+/
+
+keriensis
+
+♀
+. / F. Morawitz.”; (5) printed white label in Cyrillic “[K.
+F. Morawitz
+]”; (6) red label partly printed in black “
+
+Lectotypus
+Bombus
+
+/
+
+keriensis
+F. Morawitz
+
+/ design. Podbolotsk.” (unpublished); (7) red label printed in black “
+
+LECTOTYPE
+
+♀
+/
+
+Bombus
+
+/
+
+keriensis
+
+/
+Morawitz, 1887
+/ det.
+PH
+Williams 2017”. This specimen, which is complete, is recognised as one of Morawitz’s
+syntypes
+and is designated here as the
+lectotype
+in order to reduce uncertainty in the identity and application of the name.
+
+
+Material sequenced
+(
+7 specimens
+)
+
+
+
+INDIA
+–
+
+Kashmir
+
+•
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Gulmarg
+,
+Mt Apharwat
+;
+34.0548° N
+,
+74.3856° E
+;
+
+Aug. 1985
+
+;
+P. Williams
+leg.; BOLD seq: 6877G02;
+PW
+:
+ML405
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Gulmarg
+,
+Mt Apharwat
+;
+34.0212° N
+,
+74.3208° E
+;
+
+21 Jul. 2009
+
+; BOLD seq: 1552D08;
+RR
+:
+ML204
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Zanskar
+,
+Padum
+;
+33.4746° N
+,
+76.8871° E
+;
+
+30 Jul. 2007
+
+; BOLD seq: 1552D11;
+RR
+:
+ML203
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+
+31 Jul. 2011
+
+;
+R. Raina
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555C12;
+RR
+:
+ML243
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Razdaan
+pass;
+34.5390° N
+,
+74.6377° E
+;
+
+23 Jul. 2012
+
+;
+R. Raina
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555D01;
+RR
+:
+ML244
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Dawar
+;
+34.6464° N
+,
+74.7171° E
+;
+
+24 Jul. 2012
+
+;
+R. Raina
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555H03;
+RR
+:
+ML305
+. —
+
+Himachal Pradesh
+
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Saichu Nulla
+;
+31.6° N
+,
+78.267° E
+;
+
+8 Sep. 1986
+
+;
+A. Hutchings
+leg.; BOLD seq: 6877B05;
+PW
+:
+ML159
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Global distribution
+
+
+
+(West Qinghai-Tibetan-Plateau species)
+Himalaya
+:
+AFGHANISTAN
+,
+PAKISTAN
+,
+INDIA
+: Kashmir,
+Himachal Pradesh
+. –
+East Asia
+:
+CHINA
+:
+Xizang
+. (IOZ, NHMUK, PW, RR, ZIN, ZSM.) The species is usually not common (
+Fig. 212
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Behaviour
+
+
+
+Food-plant generalists (
+Williams 1991
+). Male mate-searching patrolling behaviour (
+Williams 1991
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F5D951FFE7CFE1CD86CFABA.xml b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F5D951FFE7CFE1CD86CFABA.xml
index 5cdbf65e71a..246b50621da 100644
--- a/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F5D951FFE7CFE1CD86CFABA.xml
+++ b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F5D951FFE7CFE1CD86CFABA.xml
@@ -1,184 +1,184 @@
-
-
-
-Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)
+
+
+
+Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Williams, Paul H.
-38A45E0C-02A8-407E-8E89-5162D454E9FE
-Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
-paw@nhm.ac.uk
+Williams, Paul H.
+38A45E0C-02A8-407E-8E89-5162D454E9FE
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+paw@nhm.ac.uk
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren
-FB68F32E-4F6D-40C2-A921-20FBAD676D50
-Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia.
-altanchimegd@mas.ac.mn
+Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren
+FB68F32E-4F6D-40C2-A921-20FBAD676D50
+Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia.
+altanchimegd@mas.ac.mn
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Byvaltsev, Alexandr
-B57BAD3E-9E42-4446-994E-4A45A738D404
-Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
-byvam@yandex.ru
+Byvaltsev, Alexandr
+B57BAD3E-9E42-4446-994E-4A45A738D404
+Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
+byvam@yandex.ru
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Jonghe, Roland De
-FC98CAB7-B2FF-4BEB-94FF-26F53D33CD04
-Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium.
-roland.de.jonghe@telenet.be
+Jonghe, Roland De
+FC98CAB7-B2FF-4BEB-94FF-26F53D33CD04
+Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium.
+roland.de.jonghe@telenet.be
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Jaffar, Saleem
-77F70375-0A19-4D0E-A05A-987BB46543C0
-South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
-saleemjaffar@stu.scau.edu.cn
+Jaffar, Saleem
+77F70375-0A19-4D0E-A05A-987BB46543C0
+South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
+saleemjaffar@stu.scau.edu.cn
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Japoshvili, George
-CCC82B7C-A1E4-4D58-90A3-623116CBAE96
-Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia.
-g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge
+Japoshvili, George
+CCC82B7C-A1E4-4D58-90A3-623116CBAE96
+Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia.
+g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Kahono, Sih
-F8513496-B409-434C-A182-4146232C89FA
-Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia.
-sihkahono@gmail.com
+Kahono, Sih
+F8513496-B409-434C-A182-4146232C89FA
+Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia.
+sihkahono@gmail.com
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Liang, Huan
-A99867E0-C686-4608-8DF7-0EDE8D2D57EC
-Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
-lianghuan@mail.kib.ac.cn
+Liang, Huan
+A99867E0-C686-4608-8DF7-0EDE8D2D57EC
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+lianghuan@mail.kib.ac.cn
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Mei, Maurizio
-82F344C7-B98A-462C-81E0-D6F3F02348D4
-Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy.
-maurizio.mei@uniroma1.it
+Mei, Maurizio
+82F344C7-B98A-462C-81E0-D6F3F02348D4
+Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy.
+maurizio.mei@uniroma1.it
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Monfared, Alireza
-48CA77BA-8CF4-4812-89B1-696A11FEDE2D
-Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran.
-alirezamonfared1@yahoo.com
+Monfared, Alireza
+48CA77BA-8CF4-4812-89B1-696A11FEDE2D
+Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran.
+alirezamonfared1@yahoo.com
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Nidup, Tshering
-BE588EE1-5E2C-46CC-8907-CD344D88C869
-Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan.
-tsheringnidup@sherubtse.edu.bt
+Nidup, Tshering
+BE588EE1-5E2C-46CC-8907-CD344D88C869
+Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan.
+tsheringnidup@sherubtse.edu.bt
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Raina, Rifat
-48E5AE7A-D5DC-4549-94B7-FD8489D1EF9E
-Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India.
-rifat72001@rediffmail.com
+Raina, Rifat
+48E5AE7A-D5DC-4549-94B7-FD8489D1EF9E
+Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India.
+rifat72001@rediffmail.com
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Ren, Zongxin
-27B9DD39-62A8-44D3-9D6A-E6C20D8AAA27
-Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
-renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn
+Ren, Zongxin
+27B9DD39-62A8-44D3-9D6A-E6C20D8AAA27
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Thanoosing, Chawatat
-6F4C150C-BC03-4F75-91A6-2A8AF6B5905C
-Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
-c.thanoosing@nhm.ac.uk
+Thanoosing, Chawatat
+6F4C150C-BC03-4F75-91A6-2A8AF6B5905C
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+c.thanoosing@nhm.ac.uk
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Zhao, Yanhui
-299C8EEA-699E-4B15-9BCD-9806E0E7EE63
-Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
-zhaoyanhui@mail.kib.ac.cn
+Zhao, Yanhui
+299C8EEA-699E-4B15-9BCD-9806E0E7EE63
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+zhaoyanhui@mail.kib.ac.cn
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Orr, Michael C.
-1E7F46C3-870E-460C-A611-BA1042ED99FB
-Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
-michael.christopher.orr@gmail.com
+Orr, Michael C.
+1E7F46C3-870E-460C-A611-BA1042ED99FB
+Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
+michael.christopher.orr@gmail.com
-text
-
-
-European Journal of Taxonomy
+text
+
+
+European Journal of Taxonomy
-
-2020
-
-2020-10-02
+
+2020
+
+2020-10-02
-
-719
+
+719
-
-1
-120
+
+1
+120
-journal article
-10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107
-7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96
-2118-9773
-4064324
-A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F
+journal article
+10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107
+7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96
+2118-9773
+4064324
+A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F
Subgenus
-
+
Melanobombus
von Dalla Torre, 1880
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ von Dalla Torre, 1880
We associate a total of 186 published formal names with species of the subgenus
-
+
Melanobombus
(including misspellings and infrasubspecific names). Applying the
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ and
(
Richards 1968
) were included within the subgenus
-
+
Melanobombus
by
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ Cameron
festivus
-group of species. Within the remaining species of
-
+
Melanobombus
, two species groups had been recognised by
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ Radoszkowski, 1859
=
-
+
Bombus bisiculus
Lecocq, Biella, Martinet & Rasmont, 2019
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ Williams
sp. nov.
-
+
Bombus incertoides
Vogt, 1911
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ Williams
=
-
+
Bombus kozlovi
Skorikov, 1910
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ Skorikov, 1910
=
-
+
Bombus lapidarius
var.
tenellus
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ var.
=
-
+
Bombus tenellus
var.
alpivagus
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ var.
=
-
+
Lapidariobombus alagesianus
subsp.
pamirus
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ subsp.
=
-
+
Lapidariobombus alagesianus
subsp.
mongolicus
@@ -599,12 +599,12 @@ syn. nov.
Key to the species of the subgenus
-Melanobombus
+Melanobombus
Future identification of species of the subgenus
-
+
Melanobombus
will be most reliable for specimens from which COI-barcode data are available for comparison of nucleotide differences with the reference data set from this project deposited on www.boldsystems.org, project BBML. Keys using morphological shape, surface sculpturing, and hair-colour-pattern characters follow below, with the most reliable characters placed at the beginning of each couplet. Variation within species necessitates having several terminal couplets for some species. Our results imply that in some cases we should be able to assign most reliably specimens with locality labels to groups or species on the basis of their collection locality alone. All identifications of species from the key or from the figures should be checked against the species’ diagnoses within the accounts of each species.
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ Diagrams showing the major aspects of variation in the colour-patterns of the do
Key to species for females of the subgenus
-
+
Melanobombus
@@ -907,7 +907,7 @@ orange-red .....................................................................
cream
or
yellow, T4–5 orange-red, the face entirely black and T2 posteriorly entirely pale .........................................................................
-
+
B. alagesianus
Reinig, 1930
@@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ cream ..........................................................................
– Hair of the side of the thorax in its lower half entirely black and T3 entirely black, scutellum with the anterior half entirely black (
Mongolia
) ................................................
-
+
B. incertoides
Vogt, 1911
@@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@ grey-white (Sikkim,
Key to species for males of the subgenus
-
+
Melanobombus
@@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@ at least a few black hairs intermixed
or
often with many black hairs intermixed and with a broad black band in the posterior quarter that often extends medially towards the anterior (eastern Himalaya from
Arunachal Pradesh
-to the interior of the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau,
+to the interior of the QinghaiTibetan Plateau,
Gansu
,
Sichuan
@@ -1327,7 +1327,7 @@ entirely black ............................................... 19
15. Eyes distinctly enlarged relative to eyes of the females; hair of the face, ventral half of the side of the thorax, and anterior half of the scutellum black with few white hairs intermixed (
Mongolia
) .... ....................................................................................................................
-
+
B. incertoides
Vogt, 1911
@@ -1372,7 +1372,7 @@ westwards to
white
or
cream, black band between the wing bases broader than the anterior pale band, scutellum anterior margin with a narrow band of many black hairs, T4–5 orangered ................................................................................................
-
+
B. alagesianus
Reinig, 1930
@@ -1433,7 +1433,7 @@ with a very few black hairs posteriorly restricted to the middle ...............
Iran
or
westwards ....................................................................................
-
+
B. alagesianus
(part) – From
diff --git a/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F649517FDEDFA26DFFDF840.xml b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F649517FDEDFA26DFFDF840.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9489e25488b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F649517FDEDFA26DFFDF840.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1426 @@
+
+
+
+Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Williams, Paul H.
+38A45E0C-02A8-407E-8E89-5162D454E9FE
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+paw@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren
+FB68F32E-4F6D-40C2-A921-20FBAD676D50
+Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia.
+altanchimegd@mas.ac.mn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Byvaltsev, Alexandr
+B57BAD3E-9E42-4446-994E-4A45A738D404
+Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
+byvam@yandex.ru
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jonghe, Roland De
+FC98CAB7-B2FF-4BEB-94FF-26F53D33CD04
+Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium.
+roland.de.jonghe@telenet.be
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jaffar, Saleem
+77F70375-0A19-4D0E-A05A-987BB46543C0
+South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
+saleemjaffar@stu.scau.edu.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Japoshvili, George
+CCC82B7C-A1E4-4D58-90A3-623116CBAE96
+Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia.
+g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kahono, Sih
+F8513496-B409-434C-A182-4146232C89FA
+Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia.
+sihkahono@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Liang, Huan
+A99867E0-C686-4608-8DF7-0EDE8D2D57EC
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+lianghuan@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mei, Maurizio
+82F344C7-B98A-462C-81E0-D6F3F02348D4
+Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy.
+maurizio.mei@uniroma1.it
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Monfared, Alireza
+48CA77BA-8CF4-4812-89B1-696A11FEDE2D
+Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran.
+alirezamonfared1@yahoo.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nidup, Tshering
+BE588EE1-5E2C-46CC-8907-CD344D88C869
+Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan.
+tsheringnidup@sherubtse.edu.bt
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Raina, Rifat
+48E5AE7A-D5DC-4549-94B7-FD8489D1EF9E
+Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India.
+rifat72001@rediffmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ren, Zongxin
+27B9DD39-62A8-44D3-9D6A-E6C20D8AAA27
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Thanoosing, Chawatat
+6F4C150C-BC03-4F75-91A6-2A8AF6B5905C
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+c.thanoosing@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Zhao, Yanhui
+299C8EEA-699E-4B15-9BCD-9806E0E7EE63
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+zhaoyanhui@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Orr, Michael C.
+1E7F46C3-870E-460C-A611-BA1042ED99FB
+Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
+michael.christopher.orr@gmail.com
+
+text
+
+
+European Journal of Taxonomy
+
+
+2020
+
+2020-10-02
+
+
+719
+
+
+1
+120
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107
+7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96
+2118-9773
+4064324
+A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus eximius
+Smith, 1852
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 1
+,
+12
+,
+25–34
+,
+181
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus eximius
+Smith, 1852a: 47
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus latissimus
+Friese, 1910: 404
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus rufipes
+
+var. [subsp.]
+tonkinensis
+
+Friese, 1914: 11
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus latissimus
+
+var. [subsp.]
+detritus
+
+Friese, 1916: 109
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus latissimus
+
+var. [subsp.]
+segmentarius
+
+Friese, 1916: 109
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus latissimus
+
+var. [subsp.]
+tricoloratus
+
+Friese, 1916: 109
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus rufipes
+
+var. [subsp.]
+lutescens
+Friese, 1918: 517 (non
+
+Pérez, 1890: 154
+
+=
+
+B. flavidus
+Eversmann
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus discrepans
+Pendlebury, 1923: 64
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus geei
+subsp.
+nigribasis
+Cockerell, 1931: 5
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus eximius
+
+var. [subsp.]
+fulvobrunneus
+
+Chiu, 1948: 65
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus eximius
+
+var. [subsp.]
+pallidus
+
+Chiu, 1948: 66
+
+(non
+
+Cresson, 1863: 92
+
+=
+
+B. pensylvanicus
+(DeGeer))
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Bombus rufipes
+var.
+tonkininsis
+
+– Friese 1918: 527, incorrect subsequent spelling.
+
+
+
+Bombus latiszimus
+
+– Friese 1931: 304, incorrect subsequent spelling.
+
+
+
+
+Figs 25–63.
+Simplified diagrams for the colour patterns of the hair on the dorsum for the species from the integrative analysis. The dorsum is divided into regions, each of which shows only the predominant or most apparent colour for that region using a simplified colour palette, with olive indicating a mixture of black and yellow hair, and grey indicating a mixture of black and white hair. The
+
+
+rufipes
+
+-group
+
+.
+25
+. Queen, China-Taiwan.
+26
+. Queen, China-Guangdong.
+27
+. Worker, China-Sichuan.
+28
+. Worker, Thailand.
+29
+. Queen, Nepal.
+30
+. Male, China-Sichuan.
+31
+. Male, China-Sichuan.
+32
+. Male, Thailand.
+33
+. Male, Nepal.
+34
+. Male, Nepal.
+35
+. Queen, Indonesia-Sumatra.
+36
+. Queen, Indonesia-Java.
+37
+. Male, Indonesia-Java. The
+
+
+festivus
+
+-group
+
+.
+38
+. Queen, Nepal.
+39
+. Queen, China-Sichuan.
+40
+. Worker, ChinaSichuan.
+41
+. Worker, China-Xizang.
+42
+. Worker, China-Yunnan.
+43
+. Male, Nepal.
+44
+. Male, ChinaYunnan.
+45
+. Male, China-Yunnan. The
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+-group.
+46
+. Queen, India-Kashmir.
+47
+. Worker, India-Kashmir.
+48
+. Male, India-Kashmir.
+49
+. Male, India-Kashmir.
+50
+. Queen, India-Arunachal Pradesh.
+51
+. Queen, Bhutan.
+52
+. Worker, Bhutan.
+53
+. Worker, Bhutan.
+54
+. Male, Bhutan.
+55
+. Queen, India-Kashmir.
+56
+. Queen, India-Kashmir.
+57
+. Worker, India-Kashmir.
+58
+. Worker, India-Kashmir.
+59
+. Worker, IndiaKashmir.
+60
+. Worker, Pakistan.
+61
+. Male, India-Kashmir.
+62
+. Male, India-Kashmir.
+63
+. Male, Nepal.
+
+
+
+
+Figs 64–102.
+Simplified diagrams for the colour patterns of the hair on the dorsum for the species from the integrative analysis. The dorsum is divided into regions, each of which shows only the predominant or most apparent colour for that region using a simplified colour palette, with olive indicating a mixture of black and yellow hair, and grey indicating a mixture of black and white hair. The
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+-group.
+64
+. Queen, China-Yunnan.
+65
+. Queen, China-Sichuan.
+66
+. Worker, China-Xizang.
+67
+. Worker, ChinaXizang.
+68
+. Worker, China-Gansu.
+69
+. Male, China-Yunnan.
+70
+. Male, China-Xizang.
+71
+. Queen, IndiaKashmir.
+72
+. Queen, India-Kashmir.
+73
+. Queen, Pakistan.
+74
+. Worker, India-Kashmir.
+75
+. Worker, IndiaKashmir.
+76
+. Male, Pakistan.
+77
+. Male, India-Kashmir.
+78
+. Queen, Burma.
+79
+. Worker, Burma.
+80
+. Worker, China-Xizang.
+81
+. Worker, China-Xizang.
+82
+. Male, Burma.
+83
+. Queen, China-Sichuan.
+84
+. Worker, China-Sichuan.
+85
+. Worker, China-Sichuan.
+86
+. Worker, China-Sichuan.
+87
+. Worker, China-Sichuan.
+88
+. Worker, China-Xizang.
+89
+. Male, China-Sichuan.
+90
+. Male, China-Sichuan.
+91
+. Queen, China-Beijing.
+92
+. Queen, China-Beijing.
+93
+. Worker, China-Shanxi.
+94
+. Worker, China-Beijing.
+95
+. Worker, ChinaBeijing.
+96
+. Male, China-Beijing.
+97
+. Male, China-Beijing.
+98
+. Queen, China-Taiwan.
+99
+. Worker, ChinaTaiwan.
+100
+. Worker, China-Taiwan.
+101
+. Worker, China-Taiwan.
+102
+. Male, China-Taiwan.
+
+
+
+
+Figs 103–138.
+Simplified diagrams for the colour patterns of the hair on the dorsum for the species from the integrative analysis. The dorsum is divided into regions, each of which shows only the predominant or most apparent colour for that region using a simplified colour palette, with olive indicating a mixture of black and yellow hair, and grey indicating a mixture of black and white hair. The
+
+
+tanguticus
+
+-group
+
+.
+103
+. Worker, China-Qinghai.
+104
+. Worker, China-Qinghai.
+105
+. Queen, China-Qinghai.
+106
+. Queen, China-Xizang.
+107
+. Queen, India-Kashmir. The
+
+
+lapidarius
+
+-group
+
+.
+108
+. Queen, Russia-North Ossetia.
+109
+. Worker, Azerbaijan.
+110
+. Queen, Georgia.
+111
+. Male, Russia-North Ossetia.
+112
+. Male, Russia-North Ossetia.
+113
+. Male, Russia-North Ossetia.
+114
+. Male, Turkey.
+115
+. Queen, Morocco.
+116
+. Queen, Spain.
+117
+. Queen, Spain.
+118
+. Queen, UK.
+119
+. Male, Spain.
+120
+. Male, Spain.
+121
+. Male, UK.
+122
+. Male, UK. The
+
+
+sichelii
+
+-group
+
+.
+123
+. Queen, Iran.
+124
+. Male, Iran.
+125
+. Queen, India-Kashmir.
+126
+. Queen, IndiaKashmir.
+127
+. Male, India-Kashmir.
+128
+. Male, India-Kashmir.
+129
+. Queen, Iran.
+130
+. Queen, RussiaSakha.
+131
+. Queen, China-Sichuan.
+132
+. Worker, China-Sichuan.
+133
+. Queen, Mongolia.
+134
+. Worker, Mongolia.
+135
+. Queen, Spain.
+136
+. Worker, Austria.
+137
+. Male, Turkey.
+138
+. Male, Mongolia.
+
+
+
+
+Figs 139–180.
+Simplified diagrams for the colour patterns of the hair on the dorsum for the species from the integrative analysis. The dorsum is divided into regions, each of which shows only the predominant or most apparent colour for that region using a simplified colour palette, with olive indicating a mixture of black and yellow hair, and grey indicating a mixture of black and white hair. The
+
+
+keriensis
+
+-group
+
+.
+139
+. Queen, China-Sichuan.
+140
+. Worker, China-Sichuan.
+141
+. Queen, China-Sichuan.
+142
+. Queen, China-Sichuan.
+143
+. Worker, China-Xizang.
+144
+. Queen, India-Kashmir.
+145
+. Male, China-Qinghai.
+146
+. Male, India-Kashmir.
+147
+. Male, China-Gansu.
+148
+. Queen, Armenia.
+149
+. Queen, Iran.
+150
+. Male, Georgia.
+151
+. Worker, China-Qinghai.
+152
+. Male, China-Qinghai.
+153
+. Queen, Mongolia.
+154
+. Worker, Mongolia.
+155
+. Male, Mongolia.
+156
+. Male, Mongolia.
+157
+. Queen, China-Sichuan.
+158
+. Worker, China-Qinghai.
+159
+. Worker, China-Qinghai.
+160
+. Male, China-Qinghai.
+161
+. Male, China-Qinghai.
+162
+. Male, China-Qinghai.
+163
+. Queen, Pakistan.
+164
+. Queen, Pakistan.
+165
+. Queen, Pakistan.
+166
+. Queen, Pakistan.
+167
+. Queen, Afghanistan.
+168
+. Queen, Pakistan.
+169
+. Queen, Pakistan.
+170
+. Queen, India-Kashmir.
+171
+. Male, India-Kashmir.
+172
+. Male, India-Kashmir.
+173
+. Queen, ChinaXinjiang.
+174
+. Queen, Kyrgyzstan.
+175
+. Queen, Kyrgyzstan.
+176
+. Queen, Mongolia.
+177
+. Queen, IndiaKashmir.
+178
+. Male, Kazakhstan.
+179
+. Male, China-Xinjiang.
+180
+. Male, Mongolia.
+
+
+
+
+Figs 181‒189.
+Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus
+
+Melanobombus
+von Dalla Torre, 1880
+
+from the dorsal aspect, anterior at the bottom of the image, posterior at the top.
+181
+.
+
+Bombus eximius
+Smith, 1852
+
+, China-Guangxi.
+182
+.
+
+B. rufipes
+Lepeletier, 1835
+
+, IndonesiaJava.
+183
+.
+
+B. festivus
+Smith, 1861
+
+, Nepal.
+184
+.
+
+B. simillimus
+Smith, 1852
+
+, India-Himachal Pradesh.
+185
+.
+
+B. miniatus
+Bingham, 1897
+
+, Bhutan.
+186
+.
+
+B. eurythorax
+Wang, 1982
+
+stat. rev.
+, India-Kashmir.
+187
+.
+
+B. prshewalskyi
+Morawitz, 1880
+
+stat. rev.
+, China-Sichuan.
+188
+.
+
+B. rufofasciatus
+Smith, 1852
+
+, IndiaKashmir.
+189
+.
+
+B. richardsiellus
+(
+Tkalců, 1968
+)
+
+, Burma (left volsella distal part missing). Scale bars = 1 mm.
+
+
+
+
+Figs 190‒198.
+Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus
+
+Melanobombus
+von Dalla Torre, 1880
+
+from the dorsal aspect, anterior at the bottom of the image, posterior at the top.
+190
+.
+
+Bombus friseanus
+Skorikov, 1933
+
+, China-Yunnan.
+191
+.
+
+B pyrosoma
+Morawitz, 1890
+
+, ChinaBeijing.
+192
+.
+
+B. formosellus
+(
+Frison, 1934
+)
+
+, China-Taiwan.
+193
+.
+
+B. eriophorus
+Klug, 1807
+
+, RussiaNorth Ossetia.
+194
+.
+
+B. lapidarius
+(
+Linnaeus, 1758
+)
+
+, UK.
+195
+.
+
+B. incertus
+Morawitz, 1881
+
+, Turkey.
+196
+.
+
+B. semenoviaus
+(Skorikov, 1914)
+
+, India-Kashmir.
+197
+.
+
+B. sichelii
+Radoszkowski, 1859
+
+, Austria.
+198
+.
+
+B. ladakhensis
+Richards, 1928
+
+, China-Sichuan. Scale bars = 1 mm.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus eximius
+
+and
+
+B. rufipes
+
+have a distinctive morphology and previously were placed in a separate subgenus,
+
+Rufipedibombus
+(
+Skorikov 1923
+)
+
+. A close relationship with other species of the subgenus
+
+Melanobombus
+
+was supported by an analysis of five genes by
+
+Cameron
+et al
+. (2007)
+
+and these subgenera were then synonymised by
+
+Williams
+et al
+. (2008)
+
+.
+
+
+Our PTP analysis (
+Fig. 10
+) of coalescents in the COI gene within the
+rufipes-
+group supports two species
+
+B. eximius
+
+and
+
+B. rufipes
+
+, corroborated by differences in morphology. It supports as conspecific within
+
+B. eximius
+
+s. lat.
+the individuals from
+Taiwan
+that may have much of the hair of T2–6 orange (taxon
+
+latissimus
+
+), the individuals from southern
+China
+and Southeast Asia that often have T2–3 predominantly black and T4–6 orange, and the individuals from the Himalaya that have T2–4 black and T5–6 either orange or black (taxon
+
+eximius
+
+s. str.
+).
+
+
+
+
+Figs 199‒204.
+Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus
+
+Melanobombus
+von Dalla Torre, 1880
+
+from the dorsal aspect, anterior at the bottom of the image, posterior at the top.
+199
+.
+
+Bombus alagesianus
+Reinig, 1930
+
+stat. rev.
+, Georgia.
+200
+.
+
+B. tibeticus
+
+sp. nov.
+, China-Qinghai.
+201
+.
+
+B. incertoides
+Vogt, 1911
+
+stat. rev.
+, Mongolia.
+202
+.
+
+B. qilianensis
+
+sp. nov.
+, China-Qinghai.
+203
+.
+
+B. keriensis
+Morawitz, 1887
+
+, India-Kashmir.
+204
+.
+
+B. separandus
+Vogt, 1909
+
+stat. rev.
+, Kyrgyzstan. Scale bars = 1 mm.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+
+
+
+Females
+(
+Fig. 1
+)
+
+
+
+
+Queens very large body length
+23–30 mm
+, workers
+13–20 mm
+. Can be distinguished by their combination of wings yellow with the veins orange (cf.
+
+B. rufipes
+
+), the hair and integument of mid and hind tibiae and of all barsitarsi orange (cf. some
+
+B. rufipes
+
+). The labral lamella has the anterior edge broad and nearly straight (cf.
+
+B.
+(
+Pyrobombus
+)
+flavescens
+Smith, 1852
+
+,
+
+B.
+(
+Alpigenobombus
+)
+genalis
+Friese, 1918
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+Males
+
+
+
+
+Body length
+16–19 mm
+. Can be distinguished by their combination of wings yellow with the veins orange (cf.
+
+B. rufipes
+
+), similarly coloured to the worker but with the hair of the face black intermixed with grey (cf.
+
+B. rufipes
+
+) and the thoracic dorsum black or sometimes intermixed with grey (cf.
+
+B. festivus
+
+). Genitalia (
+Fig. 181
+) with the gonostylus reduced to a transverse ‘S’-shaped band (cf. non-
+
+rufipes
+
+-group), the proximal inner projection not broadened distally and simple (cf.
+
+B. rufipes
+
+); volsella projecting beyond the gonostylus by ca 6 × its breadth at its midpoint (cf.
+
+B. rufipes
+
+), and without an obvious inner distal process or hook (cf. non-
+
+rufipes
+
+-group); penis valve head with the outer flange greatly expanded as a triangular projection (cf. non-
+
+rufipes
+
+-group); eye unenlarged relative to female eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+Material examined
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+
+
+
+BANGLADESH
+•
+♀
+(queen),
+holotype
+of
+
+Bombus eximius
+Smith, 1852
+
+by monotypy (
+
+Williams
+et al.
+2009
+
+); “
+Silhet
+” [=
+Sylhet
+];
+NHMUK
+(examined
+PW
+).
+
+
+
+Material sequenced
+(
+7 specimens
+)
+
+
+
+THAILAND
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Chiang Mai
+,
+Doi Inthanon
+;
+18.553º N
+,
+98.48º E
+;
+
+2 Feb. 2007
+
+;
+Y. Areeluck
+leg.; BOLD seq: 3773E10;
+PCYU
+:
+ML180
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+
+16 Feb. 2007
+
+;
+Y. Areeluck
+leg.; BOLD seq: 3773E11;
+PCYU
+:
+ML195
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Chaiyaphum
+,
+Tat Tone NP
+;
+15.988º N
+,
+102.041º E
+;
+
+12 Oct. 2006
+
+;
+Y. Areeluck
+leg.; BOLD seq: 3261H06;
+PCYU
+:
+ML196
+
+.
+
+
+
+CHINA
+•
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Guangdong
+;
+22.2933º N
+,
+111.2061º E
+;
+
+16 Jan. 2013
+
+; BOLD seq: 1555A07;
+PW
+:
+ML178
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Chongqing
+;
+30.13º N
+,
+108.1018º E
+;
+
+Aug. 2010
+
+; BOLD seq: 1555A08;
+PW
+:
+ML179
+
+.
+
+
+
+TAIWAN
+•
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Taichung
+,
+Dashuishan
+road;
+24.2561º N
+,
+121.0108º E
+;
+
+18 Jun. 2004
+
+;
+C. Dietrich
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555A06;
+PW
+:
+ML177
+
+.
+
+
+
+BURMA
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Chin
+,
+Natmataung
+;
+21.2198º N
+,
+93.9401º E
+;
+
+2 Jun. 2010
+
+;
+D. Zimmermann
+leg.; BOLD seq: 6880E04;
+NHMW
+:
+ML502
+
+.
+
+
+
+Global distribution
+
+
+
+(Himalayan, south Chinese and southeast Asian mountain species including some of the northern islands)
+East Asia
+:
+CHINA
+:
+Xizang
+,
+Sichuan
+,
+Yunnan
+,
+Chongqing
+,
+Jiangxi
+,
+Guizhou
+,
+Fujian
+,
+Guangdong
+,
+Guangxi
+, Taiwan. –
+Himalaya
+:
+INDIA
+:
+Sikkim
+, Darjiling Bengal,
+Arunachal Pradesh
+,
+Meghalaya
+;
+NEPAL
+,
+BHUTAN
+. –
+Southeast Asia
+:
+BANGLADESH
+,
+BURMA
+,
+THAILAND
+,
+VIETNAM
+. (
+IAR
+,
+IOZ
+,
+KIZ
+,
+NHMUK
+,
+NHMW
+,
+NME
+,
+PCYU
+,
+PW
+,
+RMNH
+,
+SEHU
+,
+SMNS
+,
+USNM
+,
+ZMHB
+,
+ZMUM
+.) The species is widely distributed but not common in collections.
+
+
+
+
+
+Behaviour
+
+
+
+Expected to be food-plant generalists (
+
+Kjellsson
+et al.
+1985
+
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F6D9509FDDFFEA9DD73F8E7.xml b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F6D9509FDDFFEA9DD73F8E7.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c1bd7412c27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F6D9509FDDFFEA9DD73F8E7.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,595 @@
+
+
+
+Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Williams, Paul H.
+38A45E0C-02A8-407E-8E89-5162D454E9FE
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+paw@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren
+FB68F32E-4F6D-40C2-A921-20FBAD676D50
+Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia.
+altanchimegd@mas.ac.mn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Byvaltsev, Alexandr
+B57BAD3E-9E42-4446-994E-4A45A738D404
+Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
+byvam@yandex.ru
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jonghe, Roland De
+FC98CAB7-B2FF-4BEB-94FF-26F53D33CD04
+Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium.
+roland.de.jonghe@telenet.be
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jaffar, Saleem
+77F70375-0A19-4D0E-A05A-987BB46543C0
+South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
+saleemjaffar@stu.scau.edu.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Japoshvili, George
+CCC82B7C-A1E4-4D58-90A3-623116CBAE96
+Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia.
+g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kahono, Sih
+F8513496-B409-434C-A182-4146232C89FA
+Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia.
+sihkahono@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Liang, Huan
+A99867E0-C686-4608-8DF7-0EDE8D2D57EC
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+lianghuan@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mei, Maurizio
+82F344C7-B98A-462C-81E0-D6F3F02348D4
+Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy.
+maurizio.mei@uniroma1.it
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Monfared, Alireza
+48CA77BA-8CF4-4812-89B1-696A11FEDE2D
+Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran.
+alirezamonfared1@yahoo.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nidup, Tshering
+BE588EE1-5E2C-46CC-8907-CD344D88C869
+Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan.
+tsheringnidup@sherubtse.edu.bt
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Raina, Rifat
+48E5AE7A-D5DC-4549-94B7-FD8489D1EF9E
+Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India.
+rifat72001@rediffmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ren, Zongxin
+27B9DD39-62A8-44D3-9D6A-E6C20D8AAA27
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Thanoosing, Chawatat
+6F4C150C-BC03-4F75-91A6-2A8AF6B5905C
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+c.thanoosing@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Zhao, Yanhui
+299C8EEA-699E-4B15-9BCD-9806E0E7EE63
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+zhaoyanhui@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Orr, Michael C.
+1E7F46C3-870E-460C-A611-BA1042ED99FB
+Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
+michael.christopher.orr@gmail.com
+
+text
+
+
+European Journal of Taxonomy
+
+
+2020
+
+2020-10-02
+
+
+719
+
+
+1
+120
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107
+7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96
+2118-9773
+4064324
+A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus rufipes
+Lepeletier, 1835
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 12
+,
+35–37
+,
+182
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus rufipes
+Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, [1835]
+
+: 473.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus flavipes
+Handlirsch, 1888: 225
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus rufipes
+
+var. [subsp.]
+obscuripes
+
+Friese, 1914: 10
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Bombus rufipes
+
+var. [subsp.]
+intermissus
+Friese, 1918: 516.
+
+
+
+
+Bremus rufipes
+
+var. [subsp.]
+richardsi
+
+Frison, 1930: 6
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus rufipes
+
+and
+
+B. eximius
+
+are now considered parts of the subgenus
+
+Melanobombus
+
+(see the comments on
+
+B. eximius
+
+).
+
+
+Our PTP analysis (
+Fig. 10
+) of coalescents in the COI gene within the
+rufipes-
+group supports two species
+
+B. eximius
+
+and
+
+B. rufipes
+
+, corroborated by differences in morphology.
+
+
+From morphology, the black wings, black hair of the male face, and the matching form of the male genital volsella and gonostylus support as conspecific the individuals from Sumatra, which usually (not always) have the mid and hind tibiae orange (taxon
+obscuripes
+), together with the individuals from Java, which more usually have the mid and hind tibiae predominantly black (taxon
+
+rufipes
+
+s. str.
+). The gonostylus interior proximal process is less strongly bifid for the male from Sumatra. For the male labelled Borneo, the black wings, black facial hair, and form of the volsella and gonostylus all match
+
+B. rufipes
+
+. For this male, the hair of the mid and hind basitarsi is orange, although the hair of the mid tibia is black and the hair of the hind tibia is orange at the base and black at the tips. A few individuals from Sumatra and Peninsular
+Malaysia
+have the hair of the scutellum brown or orange (taxon
+richardsi
+). A queen of ‘ostindischen’ origin is described as having T5–6 orange-red (taxon
+
+flavipes
+
+, not seen).
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+
+
+
+Females
+
+
+
+
+Queens large body length
+24–26 mm
+, workers
+14–18 mm
+. Can be distinguished by their combination of the hair of the metasoma entirely black with the wings nearly black with the veins black (cf.
+
+B. eximius
+
+), the hair and integument of mid and hind tibiae and of all barsitarsi either orange or black. The labral lamella has the anterior edge broad and nearly straight (cf.
+
+B.
+(
+Megabombus
+)
+senex
+Vollenhoven, 1873
+
+,
+
+B.
+(
+Megabombus
+)
+melanopoda
+Cockerell, 1910
+
+, from
+Sumatra
+).
+
+
+Males
+
+
+Body length
+15–18 mm
+. Can be distinguished by their combination of the hair of the face black with the metasoma entirely black with the wings nearly black with the veins black (cf.
+
+B. eximius
+
+), and the thoracic dorsum anteriorly black (cf.
+
+B. festivus
+
+). Genitalia (
+Fig. 182
+) with the gonostylus reduced to a transverse ‘S’-shaped band (cf. non-
+
+rufipes
+
+-group), the proximal inner projection broadened distally and bifid (cf.
+
+B. eximius
+
+); volsella projecting beyond gonostylus by ca 5 × its breadth at its midpoint (cf.
+
+B. eximius
+
+), without an obvious inner distal process or hook (cf. non-
+
+rufipes
+
+-group); penis valve head with the outer flange greatly expanded as a triangular projection (cf. non-
+
+rufipes
+
+-group); eye unenlarged relative to female eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+Material examined
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+
+
+
+INDONESIA
+•
+♀
+(worker),
+holotype
+of
+
+Bombus rufipes
+Lepeletier, 1835
+
+by monotypy;
+Java
+;
+OUMNH
+(examined
+PW
+from photographs). The original description refers to a single worker with no evidence that the author had additional specimens in front of him, so this worker can be recognised as the holotype by monotypy. Recognising this specimen as the holotype invalidates the neotype designation by
+Frison (1930: 11)
+.
+
+
+
+Material sequenced
+(
+2 specimens
+)
+
+
+
+INDONESIA
+•
+2 ♂♂
+;
+East Java
+,
+Mt Argopuro
+;
+7.9756° S
+,
+113.5193° E
+;
+
+5 Mar. 2010
+
+; BOLD seq: 1555E01, 1555E02; SK: ML249, ML250
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Global distribution
+
+
+
+(Southeast Asian mountain species primarily in the southern islands)
+Southeast Asia
+:
+MALAYSIA
+: Peninsular
+Malaysia
+,
+INDONESIA
+:
+Sumatra
+,
+Java
+,?
+Kalimantan
+,?
+Sulawesi
+. (NHMUK, NHMW, PW, OUMNH, SK.)
+
+
+
+
+It was reported previously (by Williams in
+Starr 1989
+) that there is a male labelled “Bandjar/ Borneo” (= Banjar?) in the NHMUK collection (examined PW). The only other bumblebee species recorded apparently from Borneo is the
+holotype
+of
+
+B. folsomi
+(
+Frison, 1923
+)
+
+, which is labelled “Kina Bala/ N. Borneo” (= Gunung Kinabalu, Sabah). However, the latter specimen appears to be a mislabelled queen of
+
+B.
+(
+Pyrobombus
+)
+ephippiatus
+Say, 1837
+
+, probably originating from
+Costa Rica
+or
+Panama
+(
+Starr 1989
+;
+Williams 1998
+, examined PW).
+
+
+The NHMUK “Bandjar/ Borneo” specimen of
+
+B. rufipes
+
+reached this collection from B. Pittioni’s collection that was assembled in
+Austria
+(the specimen carries a det. label from F. Maidl, who was at Vienna’s NHMW museum, and a label “Pittioni Coll./Turner Bequest/ B.M.
+1954–79
+”). The NHMW collection has a further three workers and two males with the same locality data in the same handwriting and with the same identification labels. Of nine localities named ‘Bandjar’ identified in
+Malaysia
+and
+Indonesia
+from
+US
+military gazetteers (
+USBGN 1968
+,
+1970
+), one is in Borneo and six are in Java.
+Frison (1930)
+interpreted ‘Bandjar’ as referring to Java for a queen, two workers, and the seven males of
+
+B. rufipes
+
+loaned to him from the ‘Zoological Museum, Buitenzorg, Java’ (= Bogor) collection. Two further workers of
+
+B. rufipes
+
+without locality labels are listed by Frison that were loaned to him by Maidl from the NHMW.
+Handlirsch (1891)
+wrote that all but one of the
+
+B. rufipes
+
+then in the NHMW collection were from eastern Java (for the other, see below). The occurrence of
+
+B. rufipes
+
+on Borneo, perhaps on the higher Maratus mountains of south-eastern Kalimantan near Banjar (across the Java Sea from Java and Sumatra), remains possible, but would need to be confirmed.
+
+
+Two other records appear to extend the known range. One is a queen in the NHMUK from “
+Selangor
+/ Bukit Kutu” (Peninsular
+Malaysia
+, examined). There is no obvious reason to doubt this record.
+
+
+Another is a queen in the NHMW collection labelled “N.
+Celebes
+/ 1908” (= northern
+Sulawesi
+, examined PW). The occurrence of
+
+B. rufipes
+
+in northern
+Sulawesi
+would need to be confirmed because it is ca
+2000 km
+from the nearest sites with confirmed records for
+
+B. rufipes
+
+on
+Java
+(see the Discussion). The species is widely distributed but not common in collections.
+
+
+
+Behaviour
+
+
+
+Some aspects of the behaviour of this species have been described (
+Michener & Amir 1977
+;
+
+Kato
+et al.
+1992
+
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F70950AFDDDFB79D845FA04.xml b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F70950AFDDDFB79D845FA04.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dc74d64716b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F70950AFDDDFB79D845FA04.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
+
+
+
+Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Williams, Paul H.
+38A45E0C-02A8-407E-8E89-5162D454E9FE
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+paw@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren
+FB68F32E-4F6D-40C2-A921-20FBAD676D50
+Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia.
+altanchimegd@mas.ac.mn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Byvaltsev, Alexandr
+B57BAD3E-9E42-4446-994E-4A45A738D404
+Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
+byvam@yandex.ru
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jonghe, Roland De
+FC98CAB7-B2FF-4BEB-94FF-26F53D33CD04
+Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium.
+roland.de.jonghe@telenet.be
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jaffar, Saleem
+77F70375-0A19-4D0E-A05A-987BB46543C0
+South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
+saleemjaffar@stu.scau.edu.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Japoshvili, George
+CCC82B7C-A1E4-4D58-90A3-623116CBAE96
+Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia.
+g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kahono, Sih
+F8513496-B409-434C-A182-4146232C89FA
+Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia.
+sihkahono@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Liang, Huan
+A99867E0-C686-4608-8DF7-0EDE8D2D57EC
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+lianghuan@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mei, Maurizio
+82F344C7-B98A-462C-81E0-D6F3F02348D4
+Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy.
+maurizio.mei@uniroma1.it
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Monfared, Alireza
+48CA77BA-8CF4-4812-89B1-696A11FEDE2D
+Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran.
+alirezamonfared1@yahoo.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nidup, Tshering
+BE588EE1-5E2C-46CC-8907-CD344D88C869
+Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan.
+tsheringnidup@sherubtse.edu.bt
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Raina, Rifat
+48E5AE7A-D5DC-4549-94B7-FD8489D1EF9E
+Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India.
+rifat72001@rediffmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ren, Zongxin
+27B9DD39-62A8-44D3-9D6A-E6C20D8AAA27
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Thanoosing, Chawatat
+6F4C150C-BC03-4F75-91A6-2A8AF6B5905C
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+c.thanoosing@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Zhao, Yanhui
+299C8EEA-699E-4B15-9BCD-9806E0E7EE63
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+zhaoyanhui@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Orr, Michael C.
+1E7F46C3-870E-460C-A611-BA1042ED99FB
+Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
+michael.christopher.orr@gmail.com
+
+text
+
+
+European Journal of Taxonomy
+
+
+2020
+
+2020-10-02
+
+
+719
+
+
+1
+120
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107
+7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96
+2118-9773
+4064324
+A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus simillimus
+Smith, 1852
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 2
+,
+13
+,
+46–49
+,
+184
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus simillimis
+Smith, 1852a: 48
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bremus oculatus
+Frison, 1933: 335
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Sibiricobombus tonsus
+Skorikov, 1933a: 248
+
+
+(
+Skorikov 1923
+,
+1931
+: published without description).
+
+Bombus oculatus
+
+var. [subsp.]
+haemorrhous
+
+Richards, 1934: 87
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus similis
+
+–
+
+Smith 1854: 403
+
+, incorrect subsequent spelling.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus simillimus
+
+–
+
+von Dalla Torre 1896: 548
+
+, justified emendation.
+
+
+
+
+
+Our PTP analysis (
+Fig. 10
+) of coalescents in the COI gene within the
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+-group supports nine species including
+
+B. simillimus
+
+, corroborated by differences in morphology (see the Diagnosis).
+
+
+Females show pronounced size-dependent dimorphism in the colour pattern of the hair: large queens have the thorax and T1–2 black (taxon
+
+simillimus
+
+s. str.
+); whereas workers (which are smaller) have the thorax grey-white and T1–2 dark chocolate brown (
+Fig. 2
+: taxon
+haemorrhous
+). Males have the thoracic dorsum and often T1–2 grey-white (taxon
+
+oculatus
+
+). Unsurprisingly, the queens, workers, and males were first described as separate species. That these castes and sexes are conspecific has been confirmed from examining variation within one colony excavated in Kashmir (
+Williams 1991
+). The male is distinctive for its unusually large eyes (
+Frison 1933
+;
+Williams 1991
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+
+
+
+Females
+
+
+
+
+Queens large body length
+25–27 mm
+, workers
+12–17 mm
+. Can be distinguished by the combination of the hair of the thoracic dorsum either entirely black (queen) or entirely white (worker:
+Fig. 2
+) with the wings dark brown (cf.
+
+B. lapidarius
+
+,
+
+B. eriophorus
+
+,
+
+B. pyrosoma
+
+).
+
+
+Males
+
+
+Body length
+16–18 mm
+. Can be distinguished by the combination of the hair of the thoracic dorsum entirely white with the wings dark brown, similarly coloured to the worker, but the hair of T1 and usually T2 is white; hair of T3 almost entirely black and without a yellow posterior fringe (cf. other
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+-group species except
+
+B. richardsiellus
+
+). Genitalia (
+Fig. 184
+) with the gonostylus robust, about half as long on its outer side as broad, with the distal edge concave and the inner distal corner and the inner proximal corner both broad and nearly 90° (cf. all other
+
+Melanobombus
+
+); volsella with the inner distal corner broadly rounded and without a narrow hook (
+
+cf.
+festivus
+
+-group, other
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+- group); antenna short and eye strongly enlarged relative to female eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+Material examined
+
+
+
+
+Lectotype
+
+
+
+
+INDIA
+•
+♀
+(queen),
+lectotype
+
+Bombus simillimus
+Smith, 1852
+
+by designation of
+Williams (1991)
+; “N.[orth]”;
+NHMUK
+(examined
+PW
+).
+
+
+
+Material sequenced
+(
+5 specimens
+)
+
+
+
+INDIA
+•
+4 ♀♀
+(workers);
+Kashmir
+;
+34.16° N
+,
+74.90° E
+;
+
+Sep. 1980
+
+;
+P. Williams
+leg.;
+NHMUK
+seq: NHMPW17 to NHMPW20;
+PW
+:
+ML182
+,
+ML314
+to
+ML316
+
+•
+
+1 ♂;
+Himachal Pradesh
+,
+Jalori
+pass;
+31.5370° N
+,
+77.3729° E
+;
+
+10 Sep. 2004
+
+;
+R. Raina
+leg.; BOLD seq: 6877B09;
+RR
+:
+ML384
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Global distribution
+
+
+
+(West Himalayan mountain species)
+Himalaya
+:
+PAKISTAN
+,
+INDIA
+: Kashmir,
+Himachal Pradesh
+, Uttaranchal. (IOZ, NHMUK, PW, ZIN, ZMHB.) The species is narrowly distributed but locally common and not rare in collections.
+
+
+
+
+
+Behaviour
+
+
+
+A colony of this species has been described from underground in a deciduous forest at
+1700 m
+a.s.l. in Kashmir (
+Williams 1991
+). Food-plant generalists (
+Williams 1991
+). The male mate-searching behaviour is expected to resemble the territoriality of
+
+B. rufofasciatus
+(
+Williams 1991
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F759500FD87FC1BDF09FAC6.xml b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F759500FD87FC1BDF09FAC6.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..41d843b04d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F759500FD87FC1BDF09FAC6.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1032 @@
+
+
+
+Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Williams, Paul H.
+38A45E0C-02A8-407E-8E89-5162D454E9FE
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+paw@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren
+FB68F32E-4F6D-40C2-A921-20FBAD676D50
+Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia.
+altanchimegd@mas.ac.mn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Byvaltsev, Alexandr
+B57BAD3E-9E42-4446-994E-4A45A738D404
+Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
+byvam@yandex.ru
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jonghe, Roland De
+FC98CAB7-B2FF-4BEB-94FF-26F53D33CD04
+Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium.
+roland.de.jonghe@telenet.be
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jaffar, Saleem
+77F70375-0A19-4D0E-A05A-987BB46543C0
+South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
+saleemjaffar@stu.scau.edu.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Japoshvili, George
+CCC82B7C-A1E4-4D58-90A3-623116CBAE96
+Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia.
+g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kahono, Sih
+F8513496-B409-434C-A182-4146232C89FA
+Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia.
+sihkahono@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Liang, Huan
+A99867E0-C686-4608-8DF7-0EDE8D2D57EC
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+lianghuan@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mei, Maurizio
+82F344C7-B98A-462C-81E0-D6F3F02348D4
+Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy.
+maurizio.mei@uniroma1.it
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Monfared, Alireza
+48CA77BA-8CF4-4812-89B1-696A11FEDE2D
+Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran.
+alirezamonfared1@yahoo.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nidup, Tshering
+BE588EE1-5E2C-46CC-8907-CD344D88C869
+Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan.
+tsheringnidup@sherubtse.edu.bt
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Raina, Rifat
+48E5AE7A-D5DC-4549-94B7-FD8489D1EF9E
+Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India.
+rifat72001@rediffmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ren, Zongxin
+27B9DD39-62A8-44D3-9D6A-E6C20D8AAA27
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Thanoosing, Chawatat
+6F4C150C-BC03-4F75-91A6-2A8AF6B5905C
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+c.thanoosing@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Zhao, Yanhui
+299C8EEA-699E-4B15-9BCD-9806E0E7EE63
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+zhaoyanhui@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Orr, Michael C.
+1E7F46C3-870E-460C-A611-BA1042ED99FB
+Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
+michael.christopher.orr@gmail.com
+
+text
+
+
+European Journal of Taxonomy
+
+
+2020
+
+2020-10-02
+
+
+719
+
+
+1
+120
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107
+7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96
+2118-9773
+4064324
+A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus prshewalskyi
+Morawitz, 1880
+
+stat. rev.
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 3
+,
+13
+,
+64–70
+,
+187
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus Prshewalskyi
+Morawitz, 1880: 342
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus rufocinctus
+Morawitz, 1880: 343
+
+
+(non
+
+Cresson, 1863: 106
+
+=
+
+B. rufocinctus
+Cresson
+
+).
+syn. nov
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus chinensis
+von Dalla Torre, 1890
+
+[Jun. 25]: 139 (non
+Morawitz, 1890
+[April 30]: 352), replacement name for
+
+
+rufocinctus
+Morawitz, 1880: 343
+
+
+.
+syn. nov
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus prshewalskii
+
+–
+
+von Dalla Torre 1896: 548
+
+, incorrect subsequent spelling.
+
+
+
+
+Bombus przewalskii
+
+– Friese 1918: 84, incorrect subsequent spelling.
+
+
+
+
+Kozlovibombus przewilskii
+
+–
+
+Skorikov 1933a: 245
+
+, incorrect subsequent spelling.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus rufofasciatus
+
+(part) –
+
+Williams 1991: 105
+
+;
+
+1998: 133
+
+(non
+
+Smith, 1852a: 48
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus prshewalskyi
+
+was described by
+Morawitz (1880)
+without reference to
+Smith’s (1852a)
+closely related taxon
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+, apparently without knowledge of it.
+
+Bombus prshewalskyi
+
+is listed as a species (as
+
+Kozlovibombus przewalskii
+
+) separate from
+
+B. rufofasciatus
+
+by
+Skorikov (1923)
+, although the latter was listed by him as “
+Bombi incertae sedis
+”. The two were synonymised by
+Richards (1930)
+. Here,
+
+B. prshewalskyi
+
+is revised as an eastern species separate from the western
+
+B. rufofasciatus
+
+s. str.
+because of their unique and strongly divergent species coalescents in the COI gene (
+Fig. 10
+), corroborated by morphology. These morphological differences between the two are subtle, but do appear to support that the two taxa are separate species within a morphologically more distinctive complex of
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+s. str.
+
++ prshewalskyi
+
+.
+
+
+Our PTP analysis (
+Fig. 10
+) supports relatively strongly two coalescents in the COI gene for the west Himalayan
+
+B
+.
+rufofasciatus
+
+s. str.
+and
+
+B
+.
+prshewalskyi
+
+of the eastern QTP. The two coalescent groups differ in COI barcode sequences for at least 22 diagnostic nucleotide positions (3.3% of the barcode region, although some sequences are incomplete). These differences are all synonymous, making no difference to the amino acid sequences at translation. In contrast, examination of sequences for the slower-evolving PEPCK gene (although it also includes faster-evolving intron regions) shows no diagnostic nucleotide changes.
+
+
+From morphology,
+
+B
+.
+prshewalskyi
+
+has a slightly darker colour pattern of the hair than
+
+B. rufofasciatus
+
+s. str.
+for the females (larger workers and queens), with the white bands appearing dark greyish because of many black hairs intermixed, especially on the scutellum, and with black hair more extensive on the body generally. T2 has yellow hair conspicuously replaced by black posteriorly.
+
+
+Current restrictions on collecting and sequencing in the areas where the two candidate species are most likely to occur in proximity (
+Fig. 13
+) make clarifying their status difficult. However, more evidence is needed to increase confidence in any interpretation of the status of the candidate species
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+s. str.
+and
+
+prshewalskyi
+
+and it remains possible that with more sampling from the Himalaya the two taxa could still prove to be parts of a single broader species,
+
+B. rufofasciatus
+
+s. lat.
+Speciation between
+
+B. rufofasciatus
+
+s. str.
+and
+
+B. prshewalskyi
+
+may have arisen through vicariance between populations of the western and eastern Himalaya caused by a period of altered climate (cf.
+
+B. miniatus
+
+/
+
+B. eurythorax
+
+).
+
+Females show size-dependent dimorphism in the colour pattern of the hair: large queens have T2 predominantly black and T4 white; whereas the workers (which are smaller) have T2 extensively yellow and T4 red. Males have a similar colour pattern to the workers.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+
+
+
+Females
+(
+Fig. 3
+)
+
+
+
+
+Queens medium-sized body length
+19–23 mm
+, workers
+10–15 mm
+. Can be distinguished by their combination of the hair of T5 white and the hair on the side of the thorax white only in the dorsal half (cf.
+
+B. ladakhensis
+
+), closely similar to
+
+B. rufofasciatus
+
+but tending to have T2 with less yellow hair and the scutellum with more black hair.
+
+
+Males
+
+
+Body length
+13–17 mm
+. Can be distinguished reliably at present only by their COI sequence, but tending to have T2 with less yellow hair and the scutellum with more black hair (cf.
+
+B. rufofasciatus
+
+). Genitalia (
+Fig. 187
+) with the gonostylus much reduced, less than a quarter as long on its outer side as broad, with the distal edge concave and the inner distal corner with two almost equally pronounced adjacent acute teeth (cf. other
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+-group species with the exceptions of some
+
+B. friseanus
+
+,
+
+B. pyrosoma
+
+); volsella with the inner distal corner produced as a narrow curved hook (
+
+cf.
+rufipes
+
+-group,
+
+B. simillimus
+
+,
+
+lapidarius
+
+-group,
+
+sichelii
+
+-group,
+
+keriensis
+
+-group); antenna short and eye enlarged relative to female eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+Material examined
+
+
+
+
+Syntypes
+
+
+
+CHINA
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker, not a queen), 1 ♂ (
+Williams 1991:10
+),
+syntypes
+of
+
+Bombus prshewalskyi
+Morawitz, 1880
+
+; “Gan-su” [=
+Gansu
+in a much broader sense than currently: the specimen is probably from modern
+Qinghai
+]; N. Przhevalsky leg.;
+ZIN
+(not seen but identity not in doubt).
+
+
+Material sequenced
+(
+57 specimens
+)
+
+
+
+CHINA
+–
+
+Gansu Province
+
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Gahai
+;
+34.1743° N
+,
+102.5577° E
+;
+
+28 Aug. 2009
+
+;
+P. Williams
+leg.; BOLD seq: 6876H09;
+PW
+:
+ML1
+
+•
+
+1 ♂;
+Hezuo
+;
+34.9027° N
+,
+102.8445° E
+;
+
+27 Aug. 2009
+
+;
+P. Williams
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555E03;
+PW
+:
+ML251
+
+. –
+
+
+Sichuan Province
+
+• 4 specs;
+Hongyuan
+;
+32.3282° N
+,
+102.4543° E
+; 2017;
+YD
+seq: DYX9.1, DYX56.2, DYX22.2, DYX32.2;
+YD
+:
+ML424
+to
+ML427
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Hailuogou
+;
+29.89546° N
+,
+102.01324° E
+;
+
+7 Aug. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: GGSM102001;
+KIB
+:
+ML555
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Que’er
+shan;
+31.89688° N
+,
+99.14853° E
+;
+
+4Aug. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: QESM202003;
+KIB
+:
+ML560
+
+. –
+
+
+Yunnan Province
+
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Lijiang
+;
+27.0156° N
+,
+100.1714° E
+;
+
+27 Aug. 2012
+
+;
+Y. Zhao
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: 402646105;
+KIB
+:
+ML366
+
+•
+
+1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;
+
+21 Sep. 2012
+
+;
+Y. Zhao
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: 402648064;
+KIB
+:
+ML367
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Baima Snow Mountain
+;
+28.34827° N
+,
+99.05771° E
+;
+
+17 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: BMXSM102034;
+KIB
+:
+ML548
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Baima Snow Mountain
+;
+28.37252° N
+,
+98.99982° E
+;
+
+16 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: BMXSH101052;
+KIB
+:
+ML549
+
+•
+
+26 ♀♀
+, 8 ♂♂;
+Baima Snow Mountain
+;
+28.3373° N
+,
+99.0771° E
+;
+
+14–17 Aug. 2019
+
+;
+M. Orr
+leg.;
+IOZ
+seq: 14F2 to 14F7, 14F9, 14F11 to 14F16, 14F18, 14M1 to 14M5, 16F1, 16M1, 16M2, 16M4, 17F1 to 17F4, 17M1, OR4, OR6 to OR8, OR14, OR16, OR19, OR21, OR25;
+IOZ
+:
+ML599
+to
+ML632
+
+. –
+
+
+Xizang Province
+
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Anjiulashan
+;
+29.6509° N
+,
+96.71712° E
+;
+
+23 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: AJLSM103002;
+KIB
+:
+ML550
+
+•
+
+1 ♂;
+Galonglashan
+;
+29.78346° N
+,
+95.69765° E
+;
+
+24 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: GLLSM201092;
+KIB
+:
+ML551
+
+•
+
+1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;
+KIB
+seq: GLLSM201104;
+KIB
+:
+ML552
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(queen); same collection data as for preceding;
+KIB
+seq: GLLSM101006;
+KIB
+ML553
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Milashan
+;
+29.85301° N
+,
+92.33378° E
+;
+
+27 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: MLSH101029;
+KIB
+:
+ML554
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Honglashan
+;
+29.92411° N
+,
+92.77629° E
+;
+
+19 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: HLSM101103;
+KIB
+:
+ML556
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Dangxiong County
+;
+30.21253° N
+,
+90.62821° E
+;
+
+30 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: DXH101006;
+KIB
+:
+ML557
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Zhujiaolashan
+;
+31.10878° N
+,
+96.88469° E
+; 2 Aug. 2018;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: ZJLSM101045;
+KIB
+:
+ML558
+;
+
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Ailashan
+;
+31.61421° N
+,
+98.48028° E
+;
+1 Aug. 2018
+,
+Z. Ren
+leg.; KIB-ALSM102002 (
+KIB
+ML559
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Milashan
+;
+29.8530° N
+,
+92.3338° E
+;
+
+27 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: MLSH109001;
+KIB
+:
+ML578
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Galongashan
+;
+29.7669° N
+,
+95.6991° E
+;
+
+24 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: GLLSM104005;
+KIB
+:
+ML579
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Global distribution
+
+
+
+(Qinghai-Tibetan-Plateau and East Himalayan species)
+Himalaya
+: INDIA: Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh.
+
+East Asia
+
+: CHINA:
+Xizang
+,
+Qinghai
+,
+Gansu
+,
+Sichuan
+,
+Yunnan
+. –
+Southeast Asia
+: BURMA. (AMNH, IAR, IOZ, KIB, KIZ, MNHN, NHMUK, NME, NMS, PW, SEHU, UAP, YD, ZIN.) The species is widely distributed within its range and often abundant.
+
+
+
+
+
+Behaviour
+
+
+
+A colony of this species has been found underground in a meadow at
+3900 m
+a.s.l. in
+Yunnan
+(ZR unpublished). Food-plant generalists (
+
+Williams
+et al.
+2009
+
+;
+
+An
+et al.
+2014
+
+). Male mate-searching behaviour appears to resemble the true territoriality of
+
+B. rufofasciatus
+
+with collisions between males in flight and replacement in perch occupancy (PW pers. obs.).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F7E9506FDC8FC6EDF57FA51.xml b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F7E9506FDC8FC6EDF57FA51.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6e8a876f9c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/25/20/87/252087CA1F7E9506FDC8FC6EDF57FA51.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1421 @@
+
+
+
+Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Williams, Paul H.
+38A45E0C-02A8-407E-8E89-5162D454E9FE
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+paw@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren
+FB68F32E-4F6D-40C2-A921-20FBAD676D50
+Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia.
+altanchimegd@mas.ac.mn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Byvaltsev, Alexandr
+B57BAD3E-9E42-4446-994E-4A45A738D404
+Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
+byvam@yandex.ru
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jonghe, Roland De
+FC98CAB7-B2FF-4BEB-94FF-26F53D33CD04
+Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium.
+roland.de.jonghe@telenet.be
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jaffar, Saleem
+77F70375-0A19-4D0E-A05A-987BB46543C0
+South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
+saleemjaffar@stu.scau.edu.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Japoshvili, George
+CCC82B7C-A1E4-4D58-90A3-623116CBAE96
+Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia.
+g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kahono, Sih
+F8513496-B409-434C-A182-4146232C89FA
+Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia.
+sihkahono@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Liang, Huan
+A99867E0-C686-4608-8DF7-0EDE8D2D57EC
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+lianghuan@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mei, Maurizio
+82F344C7-B98A-462C-81E0-D6F3F02348D4
+Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy.
+maurizio.mei@uniroma1.it
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Monfared, Alireza
+48CA77BA-8CF4-4812-89B1-696A11FEDE2D
+Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran.
+alirezamonfared1@yahoo.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nidup, Tshering
+BE588EE1-5E2C-46CC-8907-CD344D88C869
+Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan.
+tsheringnidup@sherubtse.edu.bt
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Raina, Rifat
+48E5AE7A-D5DC-4549-94B7-FD8489D1EF9E
+Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India.
+rifat72001@rediffmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ren, Zongxin
+27B9DD39-62A8-44D3-9D6A-E6C20D8AAA27
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Thanoosing, Chawatat
+6F4C150C-BC03-4F75-91A6-2A8AF6B5905C
+Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
+c.thanoosing@nhm.ac.uk
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Zhao, Yanhui
+299C8EEA-699E-4B15-9BCD-9806E0E7EE63
+Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
+zhaoyanhui@mail.kib.ac.cn
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Orr, Michael C.
+1E7F46C3-870E-460C-A611-BA1042ED99FB
+Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
+michael.christopher.orr@gmail.com
+
+text
+
+
+European Journal of Taxonomy
+
+
+2020
+
+2020-10-02
+
+
+719
+
+
+1
+120
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107
+7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96
+2118-9773
+4064324
+A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus friseanus
+Skorikov, 1933
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 13
+,
+83–90
+,
+190
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus friseanus
+Skorikov, 1933b: 62
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Lapidariobombus pyrrhosoma
+
+subsp.
+ĥnei
+
+Bischoff, 1936: 10
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Bombus pyrosoma
+
+(part) –
+
+Williams 1991: 101
+
+(non
+
+Morawitz, 1890: 349
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Our PTP analysis (
+Fig. 10
+) of coalescents in the COI gene within the
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+-group supports nine species including
+
+B. friseanus
+
+, corroborated by differences in morphology (see the Diagnosis).
+
+
+Females show size-dependent dimorphism in the colour pattern of the hair: large queens have T2 predominantly black; whereas workers (which are smaller) have T2 yellow or light chocolate brown. Males have the thoracic dorsum and T1–2 extensively yellow and T3–5 extensively orange-red. This species is widespread and abundant, but despite variation in COI barcodes shows little geographical variation in colour pattern. Individuals from near Qianggang in
+Xizang
+(
+29.998° N
+,
+91.939° E
+) have less black hair. One worker (ML5) from Maoshan in
+Sichuan
+(
+31.685° N
+,
+103.899° E
+) with white bands has been confirmed as this species from a COI sequence. The males have the eye unenlarged relative to the female eye (
+
+Williams
+et al
+. 2009
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+
+
+
+Females
+
+
+
+
+Queens medium-sized body length
+19–22 mm
+, workers
+10–16 mm
+. Can usually be distinguished in the Hengduan region by their combination of the hair of the thoracic dorsum with yellow bands, side of the thorax yellow, and T3–5 red (cf.
+
+B. tibeticus
+
+,
+
+B. qilianensis
+
+,
+
+B. miniatus
+
+,
+
+B. pyrosoma
+
+,
+
+B. tanguticus
+
+). From other often similar co-occurring species they can be distinguished by their combination of the hind tibia with the distal hairs entirely black (cf.
+
+B.
+(
+Pyrobombus
+)
+lepidus
+Skorikov, 1912
+
+) with the mid basitarsus with the distal posterior corner broadly rounded (cf.
+
+B.
+(
+Thoracobombus
+)
+impetuosus
+Smith, 1871
+
+).
+
+
+
+Figs 205–206.
+Maps of all available global records with all of the specimens examined and confirmed here.
+205
+.
+
+Bombus richardsiellus
+(
+Tkalců, 1968
+)
+
+.
+206
+.
+
+B. tanguticus
+Morawitz, 1887
+
+. Relief map with hill shading for the region centred on Tibet with (grey lines) borders to national administration as in UN maps. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap
+©
+2014 Esri.
+
+
+
+Males
+
+
+Body length
+13–15 mm
+. Can usually be distinguished in the Hengduan region by their combination of the hair of the thoracic dorsum with yellow bands, side of the thorax yellow, and T3–7 red. Genitalia (
+Fig. 190
+) with the gonostylus much reduced, less than a quarter as long on its outer side as broad, with the distal edge concave and the inner distal corner with two almost equally pronounced adjacent acute teeth (cf. other
+
+rufofasciatus
+
+-group species with the possible exceptions of
+
+B. prshewalskyi
+
+,
+
+B. pyrosoma
+
+); volsella with the inner distal corner produced as a narrow curved hook (
+
+cf.
+rufipes
+
+-group,
+
+B. simillimus
+
+,
+
+lapidarius
+
+-group,
+
+sichelii
+
+-group,
+
+keriensis
+
+-group); eye unenlarged relative to female eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+Material examined
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+
+
+
+CHINA
+•
+♀
+(queen),
+holotype
+of
+
+Bombus friseanus
+Skorikov, 1933
+
+by monotypy (
+Williams 1991
+);
+Sichuan
+,
+Songpan
+; [18]94;
+M. Berezovsky
+leg.;
+ZIN
+(examined
+PW
+).
+
+
+
+Material sequenced
+(
+65 specimens
+)
+
+
+
+CHINA
+–
+
+Sichuan Province
+
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Maoxian
+;
+31.6853° N
+,
+103.8994° E
+;
+
+10Aug. 2002
+
+;
+P.Williams
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1550E09;
+PW
+:
+ML5
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding; BOLD seq: 3262F02;
+PW
+:
+ML7
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding; BOLD seq: 3263F02;
+PW
+:
+ML199
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Hongyuan
+;
+32.6403° N
+,
+102.3286° E
+;
+
+4 Aug. 2002
+
+;
+P. Williams
+leg.; BOLD seq: 3262F01;
+PW
+:
+ML8
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Haikou
+;
+27.3271° N
+,
+102.4651° E
+;
+
+19 Aug. 2005
+
+;
+P. Williams
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555G07;
+PW
+:
+ML297
+
+•
+
+10 specs;
+Hongyuan
+;
+32.3282° N
+,
+102.4543° E
+; 2017;
+YD
+seq: DYX48.2, DYX16.1, DYX40.2, DYX7.2, DYX20.1, DYX6.1, DYX7.4, DYX43.1, DYX6.2, DYX7.1;
+YD
+:
+ML428
+to
+ML437
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Ganzi county
+;
+31.62916° N
+,
+100.22675° E
+;
+
+5 Aug. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: GZM106001;
+KIB
+:
+ML533
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Hailuogou
+;
+29.93515° N
+,
+101.96387° E
+;
+
+7 Aug. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: GGSL101019;
+KIB
+:
+ML534
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Xinduqiao
+;
+30.06679° N
+,
+101.76088° E
+;
+
+7 Aug. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: XDQM101028;
+KIB
+:
+ML535
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Daofu county
+;
+30.78966° N
+,
+101.30716° E
+;
+
+5 Aug. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: DFM101018;
+KIB
+:
+ML537
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Ganzi county
+;
+31.62916° N
+,
+100.22675° E
+;
+
+5 Aug. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: GZM102003;
+KIB
+:
+ML540
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+KIB
+seq: GZM101002;
+KIB
+:
+ML541
+
+. –
+
+
+Yunnan Province
+
+•
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Lijiang
+;
+27.0069° N
+,
+100.1751° E
+;
+
+26 Jul. 2017
+
+;
+A. Moss
+leg.; BOLD seq: 1555C10;
+PW
+:
+ML241
+
+•
+
+1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; BOLD seq: 1555G06;
+PW
+:
+ML296
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Lijiang
+;
+27.0156° N
+,
+100.1714° E
+;
+
+1 Aug. 2016
+
+;
+H. Liang
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: 24;
+KIB
+:
+ML368
+
+•
+
+1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;
+
+6 Sep. 2016
+
+;
+H. Liang
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: 40;
+KIB
+:
+ML369
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+
+1 Aug. 2016
+
+;
+H. Liang
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: 52;
+KIB
+:
+ML370
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(queen); same collection data as for preceding;
+
+14 Jun. 2012
+
+;
+Y. Zhao
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: 304432147;
+KIB
+:
+ML371
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+
+26 May 2012
+
+;
+Y. Zhao
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: 40241082;
+KIB
+:
+ML372
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+
+2 Aug. 2016
+
+;
+H. Liang
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq:42;
+KIB
+ML373
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+
+26 Jul. 2015
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: 2018045;
+KIB
+:
+ML374
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+
+22 Aug. 2016
+
+;
+H. Liang
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: 2018071;
+KIB
+:
+ML375
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+
+15 Jul. 2016
+
+;
+H. Liang
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: 2018038;
+KIB
+:
+ML376
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+
+19 Jul. 2016
+
+;
+H. Liang
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: 53;
+KIB
+:
+ML377
+
+•
+
+1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;
+
+5 Sep. 2016
+
+;
+H. Liang
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: 84;
+KIB
+:
+ML378
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+
+1 Sep. 2016
+
+;
+H. Liang
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: 107;
+KIB
+:
+ML379
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Cangshan
+;
+25.88991° N
+,
+100.02974° E
+;
+
+14 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: CSL201011;
+KIB
+:
+ML514
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Cangshan
+;
+25.88001° N
+,
+100.02691° E
+;
+
+14 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: CSL301005;
+KIB
+:
+ML515
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+KIB
+seq: CSL301016;
+KIB
+:
+ML516
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Cangshan
+;
+25.89461° N
+,
+100.02125° E
+;
+
+14 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: CSL101008;
+KIB
+:
+ML517
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Baima Snow Mountain
+;
+28.39838° N
+,
+98.99286° E
+;
+
+18 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: BMXSM301021;
+KIB
+:
+ML518
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+KIB
+seq: BMXSM301049;
+KIB
+:
+ML519
+
+•
+
+6 ♀♀
+;
+Baima Snow Mountain
+;
+28.3373° N
+,
+99.0771° E
+;
+
+14–19 Aug. 2019
+
+;
+M. Orr
+leg.;
+IOZ
+seq: 14F2, 14F4, 14F19, OR20, OR24, OR27;
+IOZ
+:
+ML584
+to
+ML589
+
+. –
+
+
+Xizang
+Autonomous Region
+
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Milashan
+;
+29.85301° N
+,
+92.33378° E
+;
+
+27 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: MLSM101027;
+KIB
+:
+ML520
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+KIB
+seq: MLSM101002;
+KIB
+:
+ML521
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+KIB
+seq: MLSM101034;
+KIB
+:
+ML522
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Ranwu Lake
+;
+29.4849° N
+,
+96.64252° E
+;
+
+23 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: RWM101017;
+KIB
+:
+ML523
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+KIB
+seq: RWM101057;
+KIB
+:
+ML524
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
+KIB
+seq: RWM101001;
+KIB
+:
+ML525
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Dongdashan
+;
+29.57184° N
+,
+98.18467° E
+;
+
+20 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: DDSM303001;
+KIB
+:
+ML526
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Dongdashan
+;
+29.62259° N
+,
+97.89246° E
+;
+
+20 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: DDSM203003;
+KIB
+:
+ML527
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Sejilashan
+;
+29.64141° N
+,
+94.69818° E
+;
+
+26 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: SJLSM101009;
+KIB
+:
+ML528
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Dongdashan
+;
+29.69073° N
+,
+98.11641° E
+;
+
+20 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: DDSH301056;
+KIB
+:
+ML529
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Sejilashan
+;
+29.77619° N
+,
+94.74278° E
+;
+
+26 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: SJLSL301011;
+KIB
+:
+ML530
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Galonglashan
+;
+29.78346° N
+,
+95.69765° E
+;
+
+24 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: GLLSM103018;
+KIB
+:
+ML531
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Anjiulashan
+;
+29.9229° N
+,
+96.67203° E
+;
+
+23 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: AJLSM101004;
+KIB
+:
+ML532
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Yelashan
+;
+30.16394° N
+,
+97.2860° E
+;
+
+22 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: YLSH101083;
+KIB
+:
+ML536
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Zhujiaolashan
+;
+31.11821° N
+,
+97.01749° E
+;
+
+2 Aug. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: ZJLSM101015;
+KIB
+:
+ML538
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(queen);
+Zonglashan
+;
+31.2922° N
+,
+97.59554° E
+;
+
+3 Aug. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: ZLSM201011;
+KIB
+:
+ML539
+
+•
+
+1 ♂;
+Galonglashan
+;
+29.82189° N
+,
+95.71101° E
+;
+
+24 Jul. 2018
+
+;
+Z. Ren
+leg.;
+KIB
+seq: GLLSL301020;
+KIB
+:
+ML542
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+(worker);
+Xizang
+;
+29.5032° N
+,
+95.8980° E
+;
+
+8 Aug. 2015
+
+; IBK seq: BB12;
+IOZ
+:
+ML582
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Global distribution
+
+
+
+(Hengduan mountain species)
+East Asia
+:
+CHINA
+:
+Xizang
+,
+Qinghai
+,
+Sichuan
+,
+Yunnan
+,
+Guizhou
+. (AMNH, IAR, IOZ, KIB, KIZ, NHMUK, PW, SAC, USNM, YD, ZIN, ZMHB, ZMUM.) The species is widely distributed within the Hengduan region and often one of the most abundant.
+
+
+
+
+
+Behaviour
+
+
+
+A colony of this species has been found underground in a coniferous forest at
+3300 m
+in
+Yunnan
+(ZR unpublished). Food-plant generalists (
+
+Williams
+et al.
+2009
+
+). Male mate-searching behaviour appears to resemble patrolling of
+
+B. eurythorax
+
+(PW pers. obs.).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file