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<document id="AC5F0C71C97E2BF6FD586C171AF41914" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.650.3.10" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13216376" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1722605036307" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Christenhusz, Maarten J. M." docDate="2024" docId="03E887EDFFB58A4EFF692460FC2D88E4" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.650.3.10.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 650 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.650.3.10" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Danaea iridescens Christenh., sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="294" masterDocId="FFD1FF95FFB58A4DFFE12312FFB68D0F" masterDocTitle="A new species of the fern genus Danaea (Marattiaceae) in the Greater Antilles" masterLastPageNumber="296" masterPageNumber="291" pageNumber="291" updateTime="1724679984073" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="6C8090505476AE5F0D53B45436A8829D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="381FCE533E203E202E3126B34C855A1A">
<mods:title id="815971A63EBE8E9F65128ED3E12F5CAD">A new species of the fern genus Danaea (Marattiaceae) in the Greater Antilles</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C3C257C20053C0565CBC424871247675" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2C0057EEAF941B054BC298E7145FC5F8">
<mods:roleTerm id="85614099050455E20C362D9AE2ADBF1C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CCA17ED0C5C8043F453A16C24E4CCFB4">Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BB4A636669E86E257F00783CFCB96CCF">Department of Agriculture and Environment, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia &amp; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW 9 3 DS, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DB642097CC0BB5D7BA082C78FFC75D44">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="86AE1938DB0B1FAA0A79D08FEEEC63BD">
<mods:title id="CAAD54B5FD53C18088621F33AA1D703C">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="ADED858095C9F8A4C273CA09B228640C">
<mods:date id="9973CE159F7317C35A45D1188AE28C08">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="61E7D378D10677DAA7077EE12497ECA8" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="A1F66532DC17E882BF7D2BA3A0089FAC">2024-05-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="5387F90736D4C0F596CD97F4F4C92FD7" type="volume">
<mods:number id="FDC6FE8724839DCFAF39D973F0676670">650</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="DA36C5B8375180F27601BF6BAEEAFB8E" type="issue">
<mods:number id="A738135E94239A1FB418A89C5FA1FF5D">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="CBEA93D298D4C3E400CCEE1A933A23D9">291</mods:start>
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<mods:location id="F53E807B8AD971FF36FFE8369DA37853">
<mods:url id="338D567BA7CD50A3DB38BBD8072DD1C9">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.650.3.10</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="8FDB90D665709604F987C4E0B01BA408">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F0F562D84A2A6CD6627F511C688F741D" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.650.3.10</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9B3C7B59110C4154A2CF30FA547E1CD6" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B39E9A52B17D17B2B0DB1424CBEABB69" type="Zenodo-Dep">13216376</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03E887EDFFB58A4EFF692460FC2D88E4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887EDFFB58A4EFF692460FC2D88E4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887EDFFB58A4EFF692460FC2D88E4" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">
<subSubSection id="C35B6570FFB58A4DFF692460FDCA8A85" box="[136,636,1905,1930]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB58A4DFF692460FDCA8A85" blockId="0.[136,1451,1868,2002]" box="[136,636,1905,1930]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB58A4DFF692460FE7D8A85" ID-CoL="CGL88" authority="Christenh." authorityName="Christenh." box="[136,459,1905,1930]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iridescens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB58A4DFF692460FEE58A86" bold="true" box="[136,339,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Danaea iridescens</emphasis>
Christenh.
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB58A4DFE342461FD908A85" box="[469,550,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2065792FFB58A4DFE342461FD908A85" box="[469,550,1907,1930]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137A2A7EFFB58A4DFDD22460FDC78A85" box="[563,625,1906,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,234,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,188,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-21@1.[151,1436,188,1901]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Danaea iridescens in Toro Negro, Puerto Rico, USA, 2004. Photograph by Maarten Christenhusz." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216378/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6570FFB58A4DFF69248AFC6F8ADE" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB58A4DFF69248AFC6F8ADE" blockId="0.[136,1451,1868,2002]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">
Type:—
<materialsCitation id="3B293CA6FFB58A4DFF35248AFCF58ADE" collectingDate="2004-03-09" country="Puerto Rico" elevation="1031" latitude="18.166666" location="Toro Negro" longLatPrecision="1276" longitude="-66.48333" municipality="Cordillera Central" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F356766BFFB58A4DFF35248AFEC58AA2" box="[212,371,1944,1965]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">PUERTO RICO</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC81FFB58A4DFE9D248AFD9A8AA1" box="[380,556,1944,1966]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Cordillera Central</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E9E6020FFB58A4DFDD4248AFD138AA2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887EDFFB58A4EFF692460FC2D88E4:8E9E6020FFB58A4DFDD4248AFD138AA2" box="[565,677,1944,1965]" country="Puerto Rico" latitude="18.166666" longLatPrecision="1276" longitude="-66.48333" municipality="Cordillera Central" name="Toro Negro" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Toro Negro</location>
,
<location id="8E9E6020FFB58A4DFD4E248AFCEB8AA2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887EDFFB58A4EFF692460FC2D88E4:8E9E6020FFB58A4DFD4E248AFCEB8AA2" box="[687,861,1944,1965]" country="Puerto Rico" latitude="18.166666" longLatPrecision="1276" longitude="-66.48333" municipality="Cordillera Central" name="Cerro Dona Juana" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Cerro Doña Juana</location>
, steep SE slope on lateritic clay, 18° 10’N, 66° 29 W,
<quantity id="4CB99B1EFFB58A4DFABC248AFA1E8AA2" box="[1373,1448,1944,1965]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.031" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" unit="m" value="1031.0">
<elevation id="006CD1C8FFB58A4DFABC248AFA1E8AA2" box="[1373,1448,1944,1965]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.031" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" unit="m" value="1031.0">1031 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFFF103BFFB58A4DFF5C24AEFEF08ADE" box="[189,326,1980,2002]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" value="2004-03-09">
<collectingDate id="EFBBE9D3FFB58A4DFF5C24AEFEF08ADE" box="[189,326,1980,2002]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" value="2004-03-09">9 March 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB58A4DFEB124AEFD3F8ADE" box="[336,649,1980,2001]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">
<location id="8E9E6020FFB58A4DFEB124AEFDE58ADE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887EDFFB58A4EFF692460FC2D88E4:8E9E6020FFB58A4DFEB124AEFDE58ADE" box="[336,595,1980,2001]" country="Puerto Rico" latitude="18.166666" longLatPrecision="1276" longitude="-66.48333" municipality="Cordillera Central" name="Christenhusz &amp; Kolterman" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Christenhusz &amp; Kolterman</location>
3487
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54FA8859FFB58A4DFD7424AEFD5D8ADD" box="[661,747,1980,2002]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
MAPR!,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CA6FFB58A4DFCA824AEFC6F8ADE" box="[841,985,1980,2002]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isotype">
<typeStatus id="54FA8859FFB58A4DFCA824AEFC388ADD" box="[841,910,1980,2002]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
TUR!).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3E6673FFB48A4CFF69249AFB0E8A91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216378" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13216378" box="[136,1208,1928,1950]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216378/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" startId="1.[136,234,1928,1950]" targetBox="[151,1436,188,1901]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB48A4CFF69249AFB0E8A91" blockId="1.[136,1208,1928,1950]" box="[136,1208,1928,1950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB48A4CFF69249AFEB58A92" bold="true" box="[136,259,1928,1950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB48A4CFEE9249AFE0D8A92" box="[264,443,1928,1949]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iridescens">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB48A4CFEE9249AFE0D8A92" box="[264,443,1928,1949]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Danaea iridescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Toro Negro, Puerto Rico, USA, 2004. Photograph by Maarten Christenhusz.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3E6673FFB78A4FFF69249AFBCC8A91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216380" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13216380" box="[136,1146,1928,1950]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" startId="2.[136,234,1928,1950]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1903]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB78A4FFF69249AFBCC8A91" blockId="2.[136,1146,1928,1950]" box="[136,1146,1928,1950]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB78A4FFF69249AFEB58A92" bold="true" box="[136,259,1928,1950]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB78A4FFEE9249AFE708A92" authorityName="Underwood" authorityYear="1909" box="[264,454,1928,1949]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifolia">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB78A4FFEE9249AFE708A92" box="[264,454,1928,1949]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Danaea grandifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Santa Marta, Colombia, 2017. Photograph by Maarten Christenhusz.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C35B6570FFB68A4EFF69238DFC0F8CBC" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB68A4EFF69238DFC0F8CBC" blockId="3.[136,1452,159,1515]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
This species belongs to subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB68A4EFE1C23B2FDE78DB8" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1793" box="[509,593,160,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFE1C23B2FDE78DB8" box="[509,593,160,183]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Danaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having creeping, bifacial rhizomes and petioles without nodes. It is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB68A4EFF4723D6FEF68DD4" authorityName="Underwood" authorityYear="1909" box="[166,320,195,219]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifolia">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFF4723D6FEF68DD4" box="[166,320,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">D. grandifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having entire pinna apices and broad pinnae, but the new species is geographically isolated from
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB68A4EFA7023D6FEB68DF0" authorityName="Underwood" authorityYear="1909" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifolia">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFA7023D6FEB68DF0" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">D. grandifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and retains its iridescent sheen in adulthood, which is not the case in Colombian
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB68A4EFB9323FAFABA8DF0" authorityName="Underwood" authorityYear="1909" box="[1138,1292,231,255]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifolia">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFB9323FAFABA8DF0" box="[1138,1292,231,255]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">D. grandifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is dark green in adulthood (pers. obs. 2017,
<figureCitation id="137A2A7EFFB68A4EFDEE2219FDE68C2C" box="[527,592,267,291]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-37@2.[151,1436,190,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Danaea grandifolia in Santa Marta, Colombia, 2017. Photograph by Maarten Christenhusz." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216380/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
; see vouchers
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFD0A2219FB898C2C" box="[747,1087,267,291]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Madriñán &amp; Christenhusz 7774</emphasis>
(JBGP!),
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFB4C2219FB548C2C" box="[1197,1250,267,291]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">7822</emphasis>
(JBGP!) and
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFA972219FA1D8C2C" box="[1398,1451,267,291]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">7872</emphasis>
(PG-0194!). It differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB68A4EFE4A2222FDA18C48" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1793" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus 1753:" baseAuthorityYear="1070" box="[427,535,303,327]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFE4A2222FDA18C48" box="[427,535,303,327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">D. nodosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which also occurs on
<collectingCountry id="F356766BFFB68A4EFCE92222FC308C48" box="[776,902,303,327]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
and Hispaniola, but at lower elevations, in its entire pinna apices. It also differs from the Mesoamerican
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB68A4EFD572246FCA18C64" authorityName="Liebmann" authorityYear="1849" box="[694,791,339,363]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="media">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFD572246FCA18C64" box="[694,791,339,363]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">D. media</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which has acuminate-caudate apices and oblanceolate pinnae that are widest above the middle. The only other species that is (usually) metallic iridescent in adulthood is
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB68A4EFAE4226AFA1D8C80" authorityName="Christenhusz" authorityYear="2010" box="[1285,1451,375,399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leussinkiana">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFAE4226AFA1D8C80" box="[1285,1451,375,399]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">D. leussinkiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F356766BFFB68A4EFF222289FE8C8CBC" box="[195,314,411,435]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, but this has simple unbranched veins that are rarely paired.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6570FFB68A4EFF5C22D2FD398EC0" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB68A4EFF5C22D2FD398EC0" blockId="3.[136,1452,159,1515]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
Large ferns to
<quantity id="4CB99B1EFFB68A4EFE8122ADFE3D8CD8" box="[352,395,447,471]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
tall, with arching fronds and massive creeping rhizomes, in habit somewhat resembling a small, prostrate palm. Rhizomes creeping-ascending, radially arranged, but roots all on the lower side, to
<quantity id="4CB99B1EFFB68A4EFB7722F1FB618CF4" box="[1174,1239,483,507]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CB99B1EFFB68A4EFAF922F1FAEC8CF4" box="[1304,1370,483,507]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
wide at apex when fresh,
<quantity id="4CB99B1EFFB68A4EFEA52115FE258F10" box="[324,403,519,543]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 cm</quantity>
wide when dry; stipules
<quantity id="4CB99B1EFFB68A4EFD7C2115FCA38F10" box="[669,789,519,543]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 cm</quantity>
wide; leaves imparipinnate; adult sterile leaves (79–)
<quantity id="4CB99B1EFFB68A4EFAAF2115FF1F8F4C" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.43" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="cm" value="154.0" valueMax="165.0" valueMin="143.0">143–165 cm</quantity>
(most specimens in herbaria are either juvenile or leaves are young, often only parts of adult leaves are preserved), petioles (38–)
<quantity id="4CB99B1EFFB68A4EFEFB215DFE3E8F68" box="[282,392,591,615]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="cm" value="76.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="72.0">72–80 cm</quantity>
long, without nodes; rachis winged in the upper two internodes, the wing to
<quantity id="4CB99B1EFFB68A4EFB2A215DFABF8F68" box="[1227,1289,591,615]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide, sparsely scaly at nodes, scaly on the midrib below; blades concolorous, dark green, blue-iridescent, (41–)68–85 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B1EFFB68A4EFAE32161FAC68F84" box="[1282,1392,627,651]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="cm" value="57.5" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="50.0">50–65 cm</quantity>
, with 10–12 pinna pairs, the basal pinnae petiolulate; largest lateral pinnae (ob)lanceolate, about six times longer than wide, 19–38 × 3.0–
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, widest at or above the middle, apices acuminate, bases acute, margins entire, sometimes slightly sinuate apex; terminal pinnae present, lanceolate, 15–30 × 3.3–6.0 cm, parallel-sided, margins entire; veins usually paired at base or occasionally forked, 10–14 veins per cm; fertile leaves
<quantity id="4CB99B1EFFB68A4EFD1F2011FC338E14" box="[766,901,771,795]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" metricValueMax="1.53" metricValueMin="1.51" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="cm" value="152.0" valueMax="153.0" valueMin="151.0">151–153 cm</quantity>
long, possibly longer, petioles
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long without nodes, blades 68 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B1EFFB68A4EFEB42035FE768E30" box="[341,448,807,831]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="cm" value="46.0" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="40.0">40–52 cm</quantity>
with 10–12 pinna pairs, possibly more; lateral pinnae ovate-lanceolate, about six times longer than wide; largest lateral pinnae (14–)16–25 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B1EFFB68A4EFD972059FD598E6C" box="[630,751,843,867]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="cm" value="3.15" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="2.1">2.1–4.2 cm</quantity>
, widest below the middle, apices acuminate, sterile at ultimate tip, bases obtuse, margins entire with a sterile margin of
<quantity id="4CB99B1EFFB68A4EFD21207DFCA78E88" box="[704,785,879,903]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
wide; terminal pinnae present, ovate-lanceolate, (10.0–)13.0– 19.5 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B1EFFB68A4EFF342081FEF98EA4" box="[213,335,915,939]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="cm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.7 cm</quantity>
, widest below the middle, margins entire; juveniles a single pinna pair when the leaves
<quantity id="4CB99B1EFFB68A4EFAE22081FAF08EA4" box="[1283,1350,915,939]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
long, the second pair appearing when
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long. (
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)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6570FFB68A4EFF5C20C9FE3A8918" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB68A4EFF5C20C9FE3A8918" blockId="3.[136,1452,159,1515]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
Distribution:—This species is only found on the Greater Antillean islands of
<collectingCountry id="F356766BFFB68A4EFBE920CEFB3E8EFC" box="[1032,1160,987,1011]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
and Hispaniola, usually at elevations above
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<quantity id="4CB99B1EFFB68A4EFEA020EDFE3E8918" box="[321,392,1023,1047]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6570FFB68A4EFF5C2731FBEC8950" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB68A4EFF5C2731FBEC8950" blockId="3.[136,1452,159,1515]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
Ecology:—These are terrestrial ferns with a strong mycorrhizal relationship. They grow in thick humus over loam or clay in moist shade under closed canopy forest, often in deep shade under boulders (
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6570FFB68A4EFF5C2779FC2D88E4" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB68A4EFF5C2779FC0588AC" blockId="3.[136,1452,159,1515]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
<materialsCitation id="3B293CA6FFB68A4EFF5C2779FF5E89A8" collectorName="Ekman H" country="Haiti" county="Massif des Cahos" location="Morne" municipality="Las Caobas" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="La Vega" typeStatus="paratype">
Specimens examined (
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):—
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.
<collectingCounty id="629F4E77FFB68A4EFD752779FCE4898C" box="[660,850,1131,1155]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Massif des Cahos</collectingCounty>
, gr.
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC81FFB68A4EFC9C277EFC4D898C" box="[893,1019,1131,1155]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Las Caobas</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E9E6020FFB68A4EFBE4277EFBFA898C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887EDFFB58A4EFF692460FC2D88E4:8E9E6020FFB68A4EFBE4277EFBFA898C" box="[1029,1100,1132,1155]" country="Haiti" county="Massif des Cahos" municipality="Las Caobas" name="Morne" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="La Vega">Morne</location>
Dos-Bois-Rouge,
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFAF22779FA1A898C" box="[1299,1452,1131,1155]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
<collectorName id="26B4532DFFB68A4EFAF22779FACE898C" box="[1299,1400,1131,1155]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Ekman H</collectorName>
5551
</emphasis>
(
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!,
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!).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CA6FFB68A4EFF13279DFD6089C4" collectorName="Ekman H" country="Haiti" county="Massif des Cahos" location="Morne" municipality="Las Caobas" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="La Vega" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="F356766BFFB68A4EFF13279DFDAA89A8" box="[242,540,1167,1191]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">DOMINICAN REPUBLIC</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="4985F819FFB68A4EFDC8279DFD2989A8" box="[553,671,1167,1191]" country="Dominican Republic" name="La Vega" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">LA VEGA</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8E9E6020FFB68A4EFD502782FD4289A8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887EDFFB58A4EFF692460FC2D88E4:8E9E6020FFB68A4EFD502782FD4289A8" box="[689,756,1168,1191]" country="Haiti" county="Massif des Cahos" municipality="Las Caobas" name="Dense" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="La Vega">Dense</location>
moist ravine with rivulet in
<location id="8E9E6020FFB68A4EFBD62782FBC389A8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887EDFFB58A4EFF692460FC2D88E4:8E9E6020FFB68A4EFBD62782FBC389A8" box="[1079,1141,1168,1191]" country="Haiti" county="Massif des Cahos" municipality="Las Caobas" name="Loma" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="La Vega">Loma</location>
entre
<location id="8E9E6020FFB68A4EFB5E2782FA9489A8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887EDFFB58A4EFF692460FC2D88E4:8E9E6020FFB68A4EFB5E2782FA9489A8" box="[1215,1314,1167,1191]" country="Haiti" county="Massif des Cahos" municipality="Las Caobas" name="Los Rios" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="La Vega">Los Ríos</location>
<locationDeviation id="9A4C2FD9FFB68A4EFACD279DFDBB89C4" firstLocation="La Cienega" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" secondLocation="Los Tablones, Gastony">
between La Ciénega and Los Tablones,
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</locationDeviation>
et al. 387A (
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!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B293CA6FFB68A4EFD0527A1FC6E89E0" collectorName="Monte Guillarte &amp; Christenhusz" country="Puerto Rico" county="Sierra" location="Las Cidras" municipality="Distr. of Sabaneta" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Barahona" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="4985F819FFB68A4EFD0527A1FCCD89C4" box="[740,891,1203,1227]" country="Dominican Republic" name="Barahona" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">BARAHONA</collectingRegion>
: E edge of
<collectingCounty id="629F4E77FFB68A4EFC1D27A1FB8A89C4" box="[1020,1084,1203,1227]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Sierra</collectingCounty>
de Baoruco,
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road
<locationDeviation id="9A4C2FD9FFB68A4EFA8727A1FF4789E0" location="Barahona" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
SW of
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</locationDeviation>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A4C2FD9FFB68A4EFF1F27C5FE4889E0" box="[254,510,1239,1263]" location="El Arroyo" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
<quantity id="4CB99B1EFFB68A4EFF1F27C5FEFC89E0" box="[254,330,1239,1263]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="km" value="9.4">9.4 km</quantity>
W of
<locationDeviation id="9A4C2FD9FFB68A4EFE7327C5FE4889E0" box="[402,510,1239,1263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">El Arroyo</locationDeviation>
</locationDeviation>
at Las
<collectingCountry id="F356766BFFB68A4EFDB327C5FD0489E0" box="[594,690,1239,1263]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Filipinas</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFD5E27C5FC3189E0" box="[703,903,1239,1263]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Michel et al. 9003</emphasis>
(
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!).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CA6FFB68A4EFC0127C5FD89881C" collectorName="Monte Guillarte &amp; Christenhusz" country="Puerto Rico" county="Sierra" location="Las Cidras" municipality="Distr. of Sabaneta" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Barahona" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="4985F819FFB68A4EFC0127C5FB2A89E0" box="[992,1180,1239,1263]" country="Dominican Republic" name="Monte Cristi" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">MONTE CRISTI</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC81FFB68A4EFB5227C5FACE89E0" box="[1203,1400,1239,1263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Distr. of Sabaneta</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E9E6020FFB68A4EFA6427CAFF66881C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887EDFFB58A4EFF692460FC2D88E4:8E9E6020FFB68A4EFA6427CAFF66881C" country="Puerto Rico" county="Sierra" municipality="Distr. of Sabaneta" name="Las Cidras" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Barahona">Las Cidras</location>
,
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFF3A27E9FEE6881C" box="[219,336,1275,1299]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
<location id="8E9E6020FFB68A4EFF3A27E9FE97881C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887EDFFB58A4EFF692460FC2D88E4:8E9E6020FFB68A4EFF3A27E9FE97881C" box="[219,289,1275,1299]" country="Puerto Rico" county="Sierra" municipality="Distr. of Sabaneta" name="Valeur" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Barahona">Valeur</location>
526
</emphasis>
(
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!,
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!,
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!,
<collectionCode id="ED50AE3EFFB68A4EFE3627E9FDBF881C" box="[471,521,1275,1299]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">MO</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="ED50AE3EFFB68A4EFDF927E9FD9B881C" box="[536,557,1275,1299]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">P</collectionCode>
!).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CA6FFB68A4EFDA727E9FA11881C" box="[582,1447,1275,1299]" collectorName="Monte Guillarte &amp; Christenhusz" country="Puerto Rico" county="Sierra" location="Las Cidras" municipality="Distr. of Sabaneta" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Barahona" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="F356766BFFB68A4EFDA727E9FD40881C" box="[582,758,1275,1299]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">PUERTO RICO</collectingCountry>
.
<collectorName id="26B4532DFFB68A4EFCE127EEFC19881C" box="[768,943,1275,1299]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Monte Guillarte</collectorName>
,
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFC5827E9FB36881C" box="[953,1152,1275,1299]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
<collectorName id="26B4532DFFB68A4EFC5827E9FBF2881C" box="[953,1092,1275,1299]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Christenhusz</collectorName>
3493
</emphasis>
(
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!,
<collectionCode id="ED50AE3EFFB68A4EFB1327EEFA91881C" box="[1266,1319,1276,1299]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">TUR</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="ED50AE3EFFB68A4EFADF27E9FA2B881C" box="[1342,1437,1275,1299]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">UPRRP</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B293CA6FFB68A4EFF692632FC468838" box="[136,1008,1311,1336]" collectorName="Christenhusz &amp; Kolterman" country="Puerto Rico" location="Cerro Dona Juana" municipality="Toro Negro" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Barahona" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC81FFB68A4EFF692632FEB38837" box="[136,261,1312,1336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Toro Negro</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E9E6020FFB68A4EFEF1260DFE648838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887EDFFB58A4EFF692460FC2D88E4:8E9E6020FFB68A4EFEF1260DFE648838" box="[272,466,1311,1335]" country="Puerto Rico" municipality="Toro Negro" name="Cerro Dona Juana" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Barahona">Cerro Doña Juana</location>
,
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFE3C260DFC818838" box="[477,823,1311,1335]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
<collectorName id="26B4532DFFB68A4EFE3C260DFDDE8838" box="[477,616,1311,1335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Christenhusz</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26B4532DFFB68A4EFD6B260DFD4A8838" box="[650,764,1311,1335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Kolterman</collectorName>
3487
</emphasis>
(
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!,
<collectionCode id="ED50AE3EFFB68A4EFC492632FC6B8838" box="[936,989,1312,1335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">TUR</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B293CA6FFB68A4EFC1C260DFF508854" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFC1C260DFAE18838" box="[1021,1367,1311,1335]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Christenhusz &amp; Kolterman 3505</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED50AE3EFFB68A4EFA872632FA2D8838" box="[1382,1435,1312,1335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">TUR</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="ED50AE3EFFB68A4EFF692651FF628854" box="[136,212,1347,1371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">MAPR</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B293CA6FFB68A4EFF132656FBF28854" box="[242,1092,1347,1371]" collectorName="Kolterman" country="Puerto Rico" location="El" municipality="Toro Negro" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Barahona" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC81FFB68A4EFF132656FED98854" box="[242,367,1348,1371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Toro Negro</collectingMunicipality>
, Camino
<location id="8E9E6020FFB68A4EFE352651FE5A8854" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887EDFFB58A4EFF692460FC2D88E4:8E9E6020FFB68A4EFE352651FE5A8854" box="[468,492,1347,1371]" country="Puerto Rico" municipality="Toro Negro" name="El" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Barahona">El</location>
Bolo,
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFDD22651FC3A8854" box="[563,908,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
Christenhusz &amp;
<collectorName id="26B4532DFFB68A4EFD3E2651FCE78854" box="[735,849,1347,1371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Kolterman</collectorName>
3507
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED50AE3EFFB68A4EFC782651FC508854" box="[921,998,1347,1371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">MAPR</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="ED50AE3EFFB68A4EFC1D2656FB878854" box="[1020,1073,1348,1371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">TUR</collectionCode>
!)
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;
<materialsCitation id="3B293CA6FFB68A4EFBB02651FCA38870" country="Puerto Rico" location="Christenhusz" municipality="Cerro Roncador" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Barahona" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC81FFB68A4EFBB02651FB4A8854" box="[1105,1276,1347,1371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Cerro Roncador</collectingMunicipality>
,
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFAE62651FF688870" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
<location id="8E9E6020FFB68A4EFAE62651FA248854" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887EDFFB58A4EFF692460FC2D88E4:8E9E6020FFB68A4EFAE62651FA248854" box="[1287,1426,1347,1371]" country="Puerto Rico" municipality="Cerro Roncador" name="Christenhusz" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Barahona">Christenhusz</location>
et al. 4230
</emphasis>
(
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!-
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000823532,
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000823533,
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!,
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!)
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;
<materialsCitation id="3B293CA6FFB68A4EFCC02675FDB488AC" collectorName="de Los Corchos &amp; Britton" country="Puerto Rico" location="Arroyo" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Arroyo" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="4985F819FFB68A4EFCC02675FCD88870" box="[801,878,1383,1407]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Arroyo" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Arroyo</collectingRegion>
<collectorName id="26B4532DFFB68A4EFC922675FBAF8870" box="[883,1049,1383,1407]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">de Los Corchos</collectorName>
between Adjuntas and Jajuya,
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFA81267AFF4F88AC" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
<collectorName id="26B4532DFFB68A4EFA81267AFA1A8870" box="[1376,1452,1384,1407]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Britton</collectorName>
et al. 5241
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED50AE3EFFB68A4EFEEB2699FEA888AC" box="[266,286,1419,1443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">F</collectionCode>
!, P-00251820!,
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!)
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;
<materialsCitation id="3B293CA6FFB68A4EFDEC2699FC1988AC" box="[525,943,1419,1443]" country="Puerto Rico" location="Sintenis" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Utuado" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="4985F819FFB68A4EFDEC2699FDE888AC" box="[525,606,1419,1443]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Utuado" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Utuado</collectingRegion>
,
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFD882699FD4F88AC" box="[617,761,1419,1443]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
<location id="8E9E6020FFB68A4EFD882699FD0B88AD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887EDFFB58A4EFF692460FC2D88E4:8E9E6020FFB68A4EFD882699FD0B88AD" box="[617,701,1419,1442]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Sintenis" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Utuado">Sintenis</location>
6333
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED50AE3EFFB68A4EFCE92699FCAE88AC" box="[776,792,1419,1443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">P</collectionCode>
!-
<collectionCode id="ED50AE3EFFB68A4EFCC32699FC8488AC" box="[802,818,1419,1443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">P</collectionCode>
00251774)
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB68A4EFF5C26BDFC2D88E4" blockId="3.[136,1452,159,1515]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Etymology:—This species has an iridescent metallic sheen, even when adult. The name thus refers to the iridescence of the plant when fresh. Unfortunately, this character disappears when dried.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

249
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<mods:title id="BD15120593E763F9CF12EAA31709A11D">A new species of the fern genus Danaea (Marattiaceae) in the Greater Antilles</mods:title>
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Key to the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB68A4EFE972509FE7A8B3D" ID-CoL="3ZQ3" authority="Smith, 1793" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1793" box="[374,460,1563,1586]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFE972509FE7A8B3D" bold="true" box="[374,460,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Danaea</emphasis>
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in the Greater Antilles
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<subSubSection id="C35B6570FFB68A4EFF692552FB148508" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB68A4EFF692552FD2B8B90" blockId="3.[136,1452,1563,2055]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Notes:—In various cases herbarium material may be difficult to identify, because characters like the rhizome position, habit and positioning of the leaves are not preserved. I have attempted an identification key, but admit that some species are difficult to diagnose based on herbarium material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB68A4EFF5C25BEFC3F8A20" blockId="3.[136,1452,1563,2055]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB68A4EFF5C25BEFD088BCC" authority="Underwood (1902: 675)" authorityName="Underwood" authorityPageNumber="675" authorityYear="1902" box="[189,702,1707,1731]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jamaicensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFF5C25BEFE048BCC" box="[189,434,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Danaea × jamaicensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B0AFFB68A4EFE5825B9FD088BCC" author="Underwood, L. M." box="[441,702,1707,1731]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" pagination="669 - 679" refId="ref3575" refString="Underwood, L. M. (1902) American ferns - V, a review of the genus Danaea. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 29: 669 - 679. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2478696" type="journal article" year="1902">Underwood (1902: 675)</bibRefCitation>
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appears to be a hybrid between
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB68A4EFBFE25BEFA1D8BCC" authority="Underwood (1902: 676)" authorityName="Underwood" authorityPageNumber="676" authorityYear="1902" box="[1055,1451,1707,1731]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mazeana">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFBFE25BEFB298BCC" box="[1055,1183,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">D. mazeana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B0AFFB68A4EFB4625B9FA1D8BCC" author="Underwood, L. M." box="[1191,1451,1707,1731]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" pagination="669 - 679" refId="ref3575" refString="Underwood, L. M. (1902) American ferns - V, a review of the genus Danaea. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 29: 669 - 679. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2478696" type="journal article" year="1902">Underwood (1902: 676)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
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<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFF5925C2FE8E8BE8" box="[184,312,1744,1767]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">D. jenmanii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B0AFFB68A4EFEA325DDFDFE8BE8" author="Underwood, L. M." box="[322,584,1743,1767]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" pagination="669 - 679" refId="ref3575" refString="Underwood, L. M. (1902) American ferns - V, a review of the genus Danaea. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 29: 669 - 679. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2478696" type="journal article" year="1902">Underwood (1902: 677)</bibRefCitation>
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in places where both species occur together, most frequently in Hardwar Gap,
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(e.g. coll.
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFEB125E1FDA18A04" box="[336,535,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Christenhusz 3372</emphasis>
IJ, TUR). This will key out as
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<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFC8025E6FC568A04" box="[865,992,1780,1803]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">D. mazeana</emphasis>
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but occasionally will have apical buds like
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB68A4EFF69240AFEB08A20" authorityName="Underwood" authorityYear="1902" box="[136,262,1816,1839]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jenmanii">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFF69240AFEB08A20" box="[136,262,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">D. jenmanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is intermediate between these species in most characters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB68A4EFF5C242EFB148508" blockId="3.[136,1452,1563,2055]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB68A4EFF5C242EFDEE8A5C" authority="Raddi (1819: 281)" authorityName="Raddi" authorityPageNumber="281" authorityYear="1819" box="[189,600,1851,1875]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geniculata">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFF5C242EFE3D8A5C" box="[189,395,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Danaea geniculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B0AFFB68A4EFE732429FDEE8A5C" author="Raddi, G." box="[402,600,1851,1875]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" pagination="279 - 297" refId="ref3390" refString="Raddi, G. (1819) Synopsis filicum brasiliensium. Opuscoli Scientifici d'una Societa di Professori della Pontifical Universita di Bologna 3: 279 - 297." type="journal article" year="1819">Raddi (1819: 281)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is a species complex which will require a population genetics approach across its broad Neotropical range to sort out the species boundaries.
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB68A4EFCC72472FACB8A78" authority="Christenhusz &amp; Tuomisto (2006: 18)" authorityName="Christenhusz &amp; Tuomisto" authorityPageNumber="18" authorityYear="2006" box="[806,1405,1887,1911]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFCC72472FC5B8A78" box="[806,1005,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Danaea arbuscula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B0AFFB68A4EFC12244DFACB8A78" author="Christenhusz, M. J. M. &amp; Tuomisto, H." box="[1011,1405,1887,1911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" pagination="17 - 30" refId="ref2999" refString="Christenhusz, M. J. M. &amp; Tuomisto, H. (2006) Five new species of Danaea (Marattiaceae) from Peru and a new status for D. elliptica. Kew Bulletin 61: 17 - 30. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 20443242]" type="journal article" year="2006">Christenhusz &amp; Tuomisto (2006: 18)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB68A4EFF692496FE288A94" authority="Christ (1905: 368)" authorityName="Christ" authorityPageNumber="368" authorityYear="1905" box="[136,414,1923,1947]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ulei">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFF692496FF678A94" box="[136,209,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">D. ulei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B0AFFB68A4EFF392491FE288A94" author="Christ, H." box="[216,414,1923,1947]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" pagination="368 - 370" refId="ref2695" refString="Christ, H. (1905) Filices Uleanae Amazonicae. Hedwigia 44: 368 - 370." type="journal article" year="1905">Christ (1905: 368)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
also belong to this complex, and may be undescribed taxa on
<collectingCountry id="F356766BFFB68A4EFBD92496FB0C8A94" box="[1080,1210,1923,1947]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
, because these species were described from South America and therefore will have been geographically separated for a long time. Molecular studies using SNPs and coalescent methods (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B0AFFB68A4EFDFB24D9FD638AEC" author="Baird, N. A. &amp; Etter, P. D. &amp; Atwood, T. S. &amp; Currey, M. C. &amp; Shiver, A. L. &amp; Lewis, Z. A. &amp; Selker, E. U. &amp; Cresko, W. A. &amp; Johnson, E. A." box="[538,725,1995,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" refId="ref2528" refString="Baird, N. A., Etter, P. D., Atwood, T. S., Currey, M. C., Shiver, A. L., Lewis, Z. A., Selker, E. U., Cresko, W. A. &amp; Johnson, E. A. (2008) Rapid SNP discovery and genetic mapping using sequenced RAD markers. PLoS ONE 3: e 3376. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0003376" type="journal volume" year="2008">
Baird
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFDBE24DEFD208AEC" box="[607,662,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B0AFFB68A4EFD0124DEFC138AEC" author="Bryant, D. &amp; Bouckaert, R. &amp; Felsenstein, J. &amp; Rosenberg, N. A. &amp; RoyChoudhury, A." box="[736,933,1995,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" pagination="1917 - 1919" refId="ref2625" refString="Bryant, D., Bouckaert, R., Felsenstein, J., Rosenberg, N. A. &amp; RoyChoudhury, A. (2012) Inferring species trees directly from biallelic genetic markers: bypassing gene trees in a full coalescent analysis. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29: 1917 - 1919. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / molbev / mss 086" type="journal article" year="2012">
Bryant
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFCD124DEFCD18AEC" box="[816,871,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
) to examine possible genetic clusters with NGS admix (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B0AFFB68A4EFF3824FDFE2E8508" author="Skotte, L. &amp; Korneliussen, T. S. &amp; Albrechtsen, A." box="[217,408,2031,2055]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" pagination="693 - 702" refId="ref3418" refString="Skotte, L., Korneliussen, T. S. &amp; Albrechtsen, A. (2013) Estimating individual admixture proportions from next generation sequencing data. Genetics 195: 693 - 702. https: // doi. org / 10.1534 / genetics. 113.154138" type="journal article" year="2013">
Skotte
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFEC424E2FEED8508" box="[293,347,2031,2055]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
) will be needed to resolve these and other species complexes in
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB68A4EFBA624E2FB2D8508" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1793" box="[1095,1179,2032,2055]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB68A4EFBA624E2FB2D8508" box="[1095,1179,2032,2055]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Danaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6570FFB18A49FF69238DFA1C8FB4" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" type="key">
<key id="FFD061CAFFB18A49FF69238DFA1C8FB4" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
<keyStep id="30B52E5EFFB18A49FF69238DFA1D8DDD" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB18A49FF69238DFA1D8DBB" blockId="4.[136,1452,159,699]" box="[136,1451,159,181]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
<keyLead id="30B095CEFFB18A49FF69238DFA1D8DBB" box="[136,1451,159,181]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">1. Pinna margins dentate, denticulate, serrate, serrulate or crenulate at apices.....................................................................................2.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB18A49FF6923AEFA1D8DDD" blockId="4.[136,1452,159,699]" box="[136,1451,188,210]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
<keyLead id="30B095CEFFB18A49FF6923AEFA1D8DDD" box="[136,1451,188,210]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">1. Pinna margins entire, sometimes slightly sinuate at apices...............................................................................................................6.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E5EFFB18A49FF6923CBFA1D8C4B" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB18A49FF6923CBFA1A8C04" blockId="4.[136,1452,159,699]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
<keyLead id="30B095CEFFB18A49FF6923CBFA1A8C04" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
2. Rhizomes dorsiventral; petioles without nodes; blades abrupt at the base, without reduced pinnae protruding from the lowest nodes.............................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB18A49FB5C23E4FAE28C05" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1793" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus 1753:" baseAuthorityYear="1070" box="[1213,1364,245,267]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB18A49FB5C23E4FAE28C05" box="[1213,1364,245,267]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Danaea nodosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Sm.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB18A49FF692200FA1D8C4B" blockId="4.[136,1452,159,699]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
<keyLead id="30B095CEFFB18A49FF692200FA1D8C4B" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">2. Rhizomes dorsiventral or radial; petioles with (0–) 1–4 nodes, when nodes absent, then blades gradually tapering towards reduced, small, almost rotund pinnae at the blade bases..................................................................................................................................3.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E5EFFB18A49FF69225EFA1D8C71" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB18A49FF69225EFA1A8C6D" blockId="4.[136,1452,159,699]" box="[136,1452,332,354]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
<keyLead id="30B095CEFFB18A49FF69225EFA1A8C6D" box="[136,1452,332,354]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
4. Terminal pinnae replaced (or aborted) by bulbils......................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB18A49FB4C225FFA1A8C6D" authority="Underw." authorityName="Underwood" authorityYear="1902" box="[1197,1452,332,354]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jenmanii">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB18A49FB4C225FFAE58C6E" box="[1197,1363,332,354]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Danaea jenmanii</emphasis>
Underw.
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB18A49FF69227BFA1D8C71" blockId="4.[136,1452,159,699]" box="[136,1451,360,383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
<keyLead id="30B095CEFFB18A49FF69227BFA1D8C71" box="[136,1451,360,383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">4. Terminal pinnae present, never replaced or aborted by bulbils.........................................................................................................5.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E5EFFB18A49FF692297FA1A8CB7" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB18A49FF692297FA1D8C94" blockId="4.[136,1452,159,699]" box="[136,1451,389,411]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
<keyLead id="30B095CEFFB18A49FF692297FA1D8C94" box="[136,1451,389,411]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
5. Pinnae narrow 1.0–
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wide,
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long ...............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB18A49FB292294FA1D8C94" authority="Maxon" authorityName="Maxon" box="[1224,1451,389,411]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urbanii">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB18A49FB292294FAD78C95" box="[1224,1377,389,411]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Danaea urbanii</emphasis>
Maxon
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB18A49FF6922B0FA1A8CB7" blockId="4.[136,1452,159,699]" box="[136,1452,418,440]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
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5. Pinnae wider,
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wide, 6.8–15.0 cm long....................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB18A49FB4D22B1FA1A8CB7" authority="Underw." authorityName="Underwood" authorityYear="1902" box="[1196,1452,418,440]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mazeana">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB18A49FB4D22B1FAE58CB7" box="[1196,1363,419,440]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Danaea mazeana</emphasis>
Underw.
</taxonomicName>
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</keyStep>
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6 (1). Rhizomes creeping, sometimes with the tip ascending, dorsiventrally arranged, with all roots on the lower side and leaves in two or more rows; leaves usually iridescent................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB18A49FB6A22CEFA1A8CFD" authority="Christenh." authorityName="Christenh." box="[1163,1452,475,498]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iridescens">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB18A49FB6A22CEFAF48CFE" bold="true" box="[1163,1346,475,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Danaea iridescens</emphasis>
Christenh.
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</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="30B095CEFFB18A49FF6922EBFA1D8F01" box="[136,1451,505,527]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">6 (1). Rhizomes erect, with roots and leaves radially arranged; leaves not iridescent ...............................................................................7.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB18A49FF692104FA1D8F24" blockId="4.[136,1452,159,699]" box="[136,1451,533,555]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
<keyLead id="30B095CEFFB18A49FF692104FA1D8F24" box="[136,1451,533,555]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
7. Terminal pinnae much larger than largest lateral pinnae of the same leaf ............................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB18A49FB152104FA1D8F24" authority="Christ" authorityName="Christ" authorityYear="1905" box="[1268,1451,533,555]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ulei">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB18A49FB152104FADC8F25" box="[1268,1386,533,555]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Danaea ulei</emphasis>
Christ
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB18A49FF692121FA1D8F48" blockId="4.[136,1452,159,699]" box="[136,1451,562,584]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
<keyLead id="30B095CEFFB18A49FF692121FA1D8F48" box="[136,1451,562,584]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">7. Terminal pinnae of the same size or smaller than the largest lateral pinnae of the same leaf...........................................................8.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<keyLead id="30B095CEFFB18A49FF69215DFA1D8F8D" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
8. Rhizomes tall and slender, up to
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long; leaves well-spaced. Lateral pinnae dull above, abruptly acuminate .......................... ..........................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB18A49FBF7217FFA1D8F8D" authority="Christenh. &amp; Tuomisto" authorityName="Christenhusz &amp; Tuomisto" authorityYear="2006" box="[1046,1451,620,642]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB18A49FBF7217FFB7E8F8E" box="[1046,1224,620,642]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Danaea arbuscula</emphasis>
Christenh. &amp; Tuomisto
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</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36FBFFB18A49FF69219BFA1C8FB4" blockId="4.[136,1452,159,699]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
<keyLead id="30B095CEFFB18A49FF69219BFA1C8FB4" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
8. Rhizomes shorter and stout, up to
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long; leaves more crowded; lateral pinnae usually glossy above, gradually acute to longacuminate.....................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D78FFB18A49FB5521B4FA1C8FB4" authority="Raddi" authorityName="Raddi" authorityYear="1819" box="[1204,1450,677,699]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Danaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marattiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geniculata">
<emphasis id="B935EAE9FFB18A49FB5521B4FADD8FB5" box="[1204,1387,677,699]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Danaea geniculata</emphasis>
Raddi
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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