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<document id="9A79FC3DA0FFCAA7C5B3CE5EBEEE5193" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e128892" ID-ZooBank="E93DEB3D-DFFF-4BE5-8B06-E79DB3F271F7" ID-publisher-id="128892" URI-arpha="DF4E93BC-A26A-533B-8550-E2CCEA536E95" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/E93DEB3D-DFFF-4BE5-8B06-E79DB3F271F7" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1723736995227" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yang, Nan, Cui, Yingying, Xu, Ziqiang, Xu, Yanqi, Ren, Dong & Béthoux, Olivier" docDate="2024" docId="0E66F38E705155919E9ABE1F9D542874" docLanguage="en" docName="Fossil Record 27(2): 247-258" docOrigin="Fossil Record 27 (2)" docSource="https://fr.pensoft.net/article/128892/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Sinoelmoa yangquanensis Yang, Cui, Xu & Bethoux 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="258" masterDocId="DF4E93BCA26A533B8550E2CCEA536E95" masterDocTitle="The first Permian Diaphanopterodea (Insecta, Megasecopteromorpha) from China" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="247" pageNumber="247" updateTime="1723740555140" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:mods id="1F88C9D0E350999103902C2711478910" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="475C8869F6531D99C8B8B9224504BDF0">
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<mods:title id="6F8A1CC5E690ACB3CEC2438A0097FB0B">The first Permian Diaphanopterodea (Insecta, Megasecopteromorpha) from China</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="FF749D4EE1E23D2D919E7F3FEDA11A41" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4E634C192A0598E5B23E5D7CD9937AEB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="1F8A0B6E695EFE655C6B55B5930E7A3F">Yang, Nan</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A7D6D0B995C0E766EE3B11058CB336E1" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2687-3916</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="CBE7BEEF9A1E1ABD39CF5813B8E80974">College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation>
|
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="AD6AA72C87BBE08388666AF37D2FA110" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="19AE924E1BCD7AAFA4CCB373CBA74305">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F760CD138A31C727EC3710542EF12BE7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="D149087C4F950E67470D563F0772E509">Cui, Yingying</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BD2EC885F0D08423E0518FBB5050C80C" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2544-2821</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="E71ECB95D8498984CFA5B99001ADD823">College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
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||||
<mods:name id="FADD4D24F59052E3AF25354D8CE38F2C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="7E3406775EA22D214398EFDBFED23AC5">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F042987EF5794104F2A1465B0B900BF5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2B389A25FFD65D37BFFC07AFA5F30A1B">Xu, Ziqiang</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1703DEADB26401CEEFF78D79CCD2B030" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2682-2550</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="34CEA7E4EBB6A2723AA2CB69E6FB1999">College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="EC74603ABEABD696B074601D5E2D4A06" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2C4A024677CC8CFE447486C097D9895D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="89418E31287C8FF55FD8BCAB12FB3219">Xu, Yanqi</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="591D81F53506D41FDD5CB083599DE666">Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="7CB39C94812E52ABA80971DC8BF4A662" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="AFC59C248EE5698FABB65B597BE87A45">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DBD006508C81E9B9F124FCD8BA3ED6FC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="E283C257E4C2DF58AE5859B66A109AE6">Ren, Dong</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FC6072D6758007E4933BBCA3241FEE80" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8660-0901</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="390135F58539FBC2DFA45EBC1AD14AEB">College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="07F4F2C0AADF2BA57D5E63CC3EE0669D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F22DA2C61E94F4136DD439F85BFCCEC7">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D588174D554033AE585C3F4303FC8219">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="04D991AE5C260322EB68AB95A655F7FC">Béthoux, Olivier</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A87426A624E867D9100E223A60F39D82" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3178-8967</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="9C414CB8D59E1CDCA49BFA1BEEACF779">CR 2 P (Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris), MNHN – CNRS – Sorbonne Université, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D1B525E53BEDD77A903E3FFF96E44783">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7083B1DC39D02E10C21F7CE1DEC951D6">
|
||||
<mods:title id="41DC8E05BA53249947D63CEB73C2825C">Fossil Record</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="CF45DFAAAD985F651757FF1BE7744BE1">
|
||||
<mods:date id="567A57F37BE84FC8B75F2AFE1CFE2A1A">2024</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="19D39E057354CC022F9F08BA023D17F2" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="686D663B1264C1316C066FA7FBC7C787">2024-08-15</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="6A085058C217BF1A65F96392135B8C23" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="9037F72D8B5BC7C03490E269CD96DC41">27</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="67B59C9AEF6866C75275E82D9B004FDD" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="460FA4EACDABB726FCFCBB6F8FB38586">2</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="F8D8A4ED2D26A7B68D8FE8C56C1E6705" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="2D2C1E4BD275818D138AEFDF08C2DC91">247</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="BF332602C6DE6D36421D8940E5E21BCB">258</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
|
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</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="82E118FE5812763FFAD397B9F775661B">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="6032333DA39756A65AD44D2DC4E83816" type="DOI">10.3897/fr.27.e128892</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="CE8D55F473F4262235FBC63A9B75A1FF" type="ZooBank">E93DEB3D-DFFF-4BE5-8B06-E79DB3F271F7</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0E66F38E705155919E9ABE1F9D542874" ID-arpha="0E66F38E-7051-5591-9E9A-BE1F9D542874" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/541893E5-C3B2-42FB-A772-14B700882B0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E66F38E705155919E9ABE1F9D542874" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:541893E5-C3B2-42FB-A772-14B700882B0D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E66F38E705155919E9ABE1F9D542874">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E6E2A6FC2FA1C292C2B39786F8CFE077" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B677C24D69A157E06176DCA69581F469">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="10A9EE2EAB6C3AD532644F12C4B0732D" authority="Yang, Cui, Xu & Bethoux" authorityName="Yang, Cui, Xu & Bethoux" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" genus="Sinoelmoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangquanensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B193B63D4855B2EB9EE1B2F52AC413A0" italics="true">Sinoelmoa yangquanensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Yang, Cui, Xu & Béthoux
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7BC870FDDACC1863560EC986DE638241" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E71521E57D177A6437097840AC5C22B5" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="55357880281B786B34A2E9DF8BEDA2D3">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="82D82F56A26A722CF657B0EF2ED8141F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sinoelmoa yangquanensis gen. et sp. nov., holotype, specimen YQZYW 15. A. Overview, drawing and photograph (dry-eth-eth composite; dashed line delimiting the area missing on side a) of right forewing. B. Detail of the course of CuA, drawing and photograph (eth-eth-dry composite), as located in A." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114491">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EPRAE" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F43F183923854952A4C9AC3FC4C78CA4">
|
||||
<heading id="88D889669A06CE9FCAC54F43AEF406B8" reason="title">Type material.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5571E3933F6B4E09498C9096C709143D">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="FB9A49BF4F5BC76A0B552756FAF5F1FE" collectedFrom="Shanxi Formation, Permian, Cisuralian, Asselian" collectionCode="YQZYW" country="China" location="Shuiquan Gully" municipality="Yangquan City" specimenCode="YQZYW 15" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Shanxi Province">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="8E9763818E372955A85406DCCA1D8163">YQZYW 15</specimenCode>
|
||||
, part and counterpart
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EURAE" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4C6A79DA4EFE910E794929A4A6E3E2AF">
|
||||
<heading id="0E3B714B5D2D8E8FEA9CC6BCD36E25DF" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7139F4AD016D568F7B45FFEF3310395A">Named after the Yangquan city where the Shuiquan Gully locality is located.</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZRAE" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="88C68920FFCD81B445F49B45893641CD">
|
||||
<heading id="3F13E807DD63BEFBF72602B3650B937E" reason="title">Type locality.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="251A0C713BFF742193AE1E4C97D1C774">
|
||||
The specimen was collected at the
|
||||
<location id="BC8EB025664DAB9D0D7E48EFCD8FE22C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E66F38E705155919E9ABE1F9D542874:BC8EB025664DAB9D0D7E48EFCD8FE22C" country="China" municipality="Yangquan City" name="Shuiquan Gully" stateProvince="Shanxi Province">Shuiquan Gully</location>
|
||||
locality;
|
||||
<collectedFrom id="6E16F4E439BD26E7637B4C047001529E">Shanxi Formation, Permian, Cisuralian, Asselian</collectedFrom>
|
||||
(Shen S. et al. 2020; Shen B. et al. 2022); near
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="4D2B05AA12573F008A56D95F6B75F8D3">Yangquan City</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="69F4935A900BFEA26D6CD1175B6A9A17" country="China" name="Shanxi">Shanxi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CF4D8E3CF7F151F403E56021B8B12816" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E5RAE" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D176764780D0EF2F50C08C242D7552EF">
|
||||
<heading id="1EBD02879A85CCD84B74C2496F60A0EA" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="44DEDB6F804CA7E594BEABA56E7FF88C">
|
||||
Area between anterior wing margin and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="588D9B8937E70144225820B4F5D54B21" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<collectionCode id="FF9AA13240184DFF5CCDE0ECEFFE0DD3">RA</collectionCode>
|
||||
dark; ScP vanishing in the area between anterior margin and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="589F967D0BD029B6EF4B5E1B5E7E94B6" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<collectionCode id="3CA72F7D3ABF4D5988130F6FCE1EF7C2">RA</collectionCode>
|
||||
; MA /
|
||||
<collectionCode id="4CB3D5D2407B9B1C9E36EDF0112B7A73" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc.">MP</collectionCode>
|
||||
split opposite the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="8DA332FCA43B7555BBEDC37A875F2D3F">RA</collectionCode>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D0EE4390710FAACA5AF978525DAF7F90">RP</collectionCode>
|
||||
split (as opposed to MA /
|
||||
<collectionCode id="B9DE2F4D03EA351B6E38211E2A4EECAD" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc.">MP</collectionCode>
|
||||
split well distal of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="605369046DD1247E9ABE61A56DD38C9E">RA</collectionCode>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<collectionCode id="5B6151827DD1A7007E76C6F9C08ED8F3">RP</collectionCode>
|
||||
split); CuP forked; AA long (as opposed to AA short), ending on posterior margin beyond wing mid-length.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDSAE" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="45F7D44881D775642EC510A76623287A">
|
||||
<heading id="1CF18E24220599F3C852A7ACA34A537C" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F7EE57B6914C5D75567BBB45F6B60ACC">
|
||||
Positive and negative imprints of a right forewing, distal part missing; dark area between anterior margin and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="EB198018D568056CA01C1C24E87AFDC5" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<collectionCode id="A0D71048984AAAA1EB51285B5AE3693F">RA</collectionCode>
|
||||
; near wing base, preserved anterior wing margin very oblique, suggestive of the presence of a short portion of ScA distinct from the anterior wing margin (see Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="578AF2EA8781FD4CA782457280031293" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sinoelmoa yangquanensis gen. et sp. nov., holotype, specimen YQZYW 15. A. Overview, drawing and photograph (dry-eth-eth composite; dashed line delimiting the area missing on side a) of right forewing. B. Detail of the course of CuA, drawing and photograph (eth-eth-dry composite), as located in A." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114491">4 A</figureCitation>
|
||||
); ScP vanishing in the area between the anterior wing margin and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="9C6B720967A8E5B1F3FD8EC1E48CD5EA">RA</collectionCode>
|
||||
, just beyond the brief RP-MA connection; stem of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="455328173439E3605698C4A3C476D49B" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
+ M convex, with a distinct inflexion opposite the point of separation of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="E0642A337CBF52A8BAD84A112B05E306" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
and M (located about
|
||||
<quantity id="786D83B015496830B3EF162F5415BCA2" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||||
distal from wing base);
|
||||
<collectionCode id="B79E605E2300201F5CD402325E8D9577">RA</collectionCode>
|
||||
convex, simple and strong, parallel to anterior wing margin;
|
||||
<collectionCode id="88528B51FF50A55FB0D55C5858594B74">RP</collectionCode>
|
||||
posteriorly pectinate, with 3 simple branches preserved; MA /
|
||||
<collectionCode id="7051C1F97F9065C6E56D95E423E51282" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc.">MP</collectionCode>
|
||||
split opposite the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="9E9A910D01541334A20AB76263001440">RA</collectionCode>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<collectionCode id="A57457BAA73083572E3CE315ED8B788C">RP</collectionCode>
|
||||
split; MA diverging anteriorly and then shortly connected with
|
||||
<collectionCode id="678244279BD67056977BDEDFE25535B5">RP</collectionCode>
|
||||
; MA simple;
|
||||
<collectionCode id="61E7615EE0F5B57333BD7DC021832F88" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc.">MP</collectionCode>
|
||||
forked distally; short Cu stem visible; CuA diverging anteriorly from Cu, then close and parallel to
|
||||
<collectionCode id="79C36798D689AF19943D00896FDF6EBA" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
+ M stem for some distance, suddenly diverging posteriorly, slightly basal to the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="4349D1F9BEE65AECDA5D824AC00E1C85" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
/ M split; CuA simple; CuP forked distally; CuA – CuP area narrow until the first cross-vein occurring in this area, which is short and strong, located slightly distal to MA /
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D79B43614CC6E7F030D71509FC8EFA79" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc.">MP</collectionCode>
|
||||
split; anal area very well-developed, with a total of eight terminal branches (anterior-most branch, presumably AA, with 3 terminal branches); cross-veins difficult to observe, evenly distributed over the whole wing, forming two gradate series.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="AFA1847BBB45EF4CFEB926709F31F002" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure4" ID-arpha="AED4C0CA-48CD-540A-8A98-991097ACFE02" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114491" startId="F4">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6699B78612393BAC58D069B8A53E7ADD">
|
||||
<label id="01C50E1D6F4BFAF9BFED7B98F83BBCED">Figure 4.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AB0D21F7F84606CB6A464378C17EB061">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D1F91A2182DDED2C636D67B23B3FCD7F" authorityName="Yang & Cui & Xu & Xu & Ren & Béthoux" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" genus="Sinoelmoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangquanensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1A85A3CD3A41B361709DD232A56D00A" italics="true">Sinoelmoa yangquanensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AC1A3CB0DF0F3137825BBC1DC4F7C17" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, holotype, specimen YQZYW 15.
|
||||
<emphasis id="92A7FDD8F0F930D5C4A8447087F853A2" bold="true">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
Overview, drawing and photograph (dry-eth-eth composite; dashed line delimiting the area missing on side a) of right forewing.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DABDAA845DB484FFB8E8F680C5F63C51" bold="true">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
Detail of the course of CuA, drawing and photograph (eth-eth-dry composite), as located in
|
||||
<emphasis id="30A3793C5F73D51F68BAB593A6192CD2" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELTAE" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D298EA2A9820FBF315B071B5614E19C1">
|
||||
<heading id="E0E719A90DE6BE06D59618AA3351C5B3" reason="title">Measurements.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F76E0E9A1677781B486634C10EBB53D7">
|
||||
Preserved wing length
|
||||
<quantity id="A8A90C2B674F9181D26EEE298DA8C487" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" unit="mm" value="15.4">15.4 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, width
|
||||
<quantity id="850510E3FB00DC03C1D438096C07432E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQTAE" type="Systematic placement">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BC83A5687A1F859CF659B26CC12EBE30">
|
||||
<heading id="FB37800E655DD89A53EFB2B4E35A9640" reason="title">Systematic placement.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4C9A4323EB03479FE09C1FED391E2BB0">
|
||||
The presence of a very short cua-cup cross-vein allows assigning the new specimen to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="977D3DCFBC0F8A625C27D2C8E4EE1BB6" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diaphanopterodea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and, within this taxon, allows excluding affinities with the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E6C46CE2E6086926513EE01040E2B8AB" class="Insecta" family="Sinodiaphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sinodiaphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Furthermore, the derived state ‘ long fusion of CuA with
|
||||
<collectionCode id="E106E9220FBFB319BD66D6C52A70A011" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
+ M (or, CuA running very close to
|
||||
<collectionCode id="FE64920E28ABA816ECE8B42546163EC1" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
+ M for some distance) ’ allows excluding the new material from the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5A78850FAD338D6F00F48289F689471F" class="Insecta" family="Diaphanopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diaphanopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Then, an assignment to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4833DEB401B91B71B8F2EB5D3C5DDA75" baseAuthorityName="Kukalova-Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parelmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as delimited above is straightforward. Nevertheless, a possible assignment to the family
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F12104EF20246A3BEE6084276473657F" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was also considered. Two main character states allow distinguishing members of this family (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="943648D46A3228878F504E6BD0DCF5C6" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Wing venation of Elmoa trisecta Tillyard, 1937 (Elmoidae Tillyard, 1937). A. Specimen MCZ 4590, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, reversed, light-mirrored). B. Specimen MCZ 4593, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint, light-mirrored). C. Specimen MCZ 4606, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally). D. Specimen MCZ 4592, drawing of right forewing (positive imprint). E. Specimen MCZ 4591, drawing of wings and photograph (positive imprint). F. Specimen MCZ 4594, drawing of left forewing and photograph (positive imprint). Abbreviations: LFW, left forewing; LHW, left hind wing; RFW, right forewing; RHW, right hind wing. All photographs, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, © President and Fellows of Harvard College, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114490">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
) from the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CA05904E0A14BB3CCCCD50B2BDF46E66" baseAuthorityName="Kukalova-Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parelmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="80A922773FC06634C8C907A82F01B2B7" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Wing venation of representatives of Parelmoidae Rohdendorf, 1962. A – D. Representatives of the genus Parelmoa Carpenter, 1947. A. Parelmoa revelata Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4822, drawing of right forewing and photograph (positive imprint, light-mirrored). B, C. Parelmoa radialis Carpenter, 1947. B. Holotype, specimen MCZ 4825, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally, light-mirrored). C. Paratype, specimen MCZ 4824, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally). D. Parelmoa obtusa Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4823, drawing of left forewing and photograph (composite of both sides). E. Pseudelmoa ampla Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4826, drawing of right forewing and photograph (positive imprint). F. Permuralia maculata (Kukalová-Peck & Sinichenkova, 1992), paratype, specimen PIN 1700 / 492, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint). Photographs of MCZ material, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, © President and Fellows of Harvard College, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; photograph of PIN specimen, courtesy A. Felker." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114489">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
), namely (1) an anal area narrow, with a simple AA (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1F9B856456E21DF3E370D44B94E3E232" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Wing venation of Elmoa trisecta Tillyard, 1937 (Elmoidae Tillyard, 1937). A. Specimen MCZ 4590, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, reversed, light-mirrored). B. Specimen MCZ 4593, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint, light-mirrored). C. Specimen MCZ 4606, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally). D. Specimen MCZ 4592, drawing of right forewing (positive imprint). E. Specimen MCZ 4591, drawing of wings and photograph (positive imprint). F. Specimen MCZ 4594, drawing of left forewing and photograph (positive imprint). Abbreviations: LFW, left forewing; LHW, left hind wing; RFW, right forewing; RHW, right hind wing. All photographs, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, © President and Fellows of Harvard College, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114490">3 A, B, C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), sometimes with a short AP-like vein (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="5F5F3A03D226879E2A4DB3B903AEE3EB" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Wing venation of Elmoa trisecta Tillyard, 1937 (Elmoidae Tillyard, 1937). A. Specimen MCZ 4590, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, reversed, light-mirrored). B. Specimen MCZ 4593, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint, light-mirrored). C. Specimen MCZ 4606, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally). D. Specimen MCZ 4592, drawing of right forewing (positive imprint). E. Specimen MCZ 4591, drawing of wings and photograph (positive imprint). F. Specimen MCZ 4594, drawing of left forewing and photograph (positive imprint). Abbreviations: LFW, left forewing; LHW, left hind wing; RFW, right forewing; RHW, right hind wing. All photographs, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, © President and Fellows of Harvard College, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114490">3 D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) (as opposed to a well-developed anal area, with numerous long veins, in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="11A610D9081530696A6630C99440633A" baseAuthorityName="Kukalova-Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parelmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); and (2) ScP terminating on
|
||||
<collectionCode id="DF092720F22A0F39DF2015D79A8502A5">RA</collectionCode>
|
||||
near the basal third of the wing length (as opposed to distal to the wing mid-length, in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2BA1DBABEBC408B1A2B9B137EFF2E379" baseAuthorityName="Kukalova-Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parelmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Even though the termination of ScP is not visible in the new material, it is clearly not directed towards
|
||||
<collectionCode id="1F7B75461903DD5245A142E22E5AF993">RA</collectionCode>
|
||||
at the point where it vanishes, which is already distal to the point where it reaches
|
||||
<collectionCode id="32FEC0C074ECCED12E08B9AD2152909A">RA</collectionCode>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="18563EBCCCA8EB48B8586AE48C9B83DA" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The assignment of our new material to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="870BC6C0237A436347861A8C72D02EA5" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can therefore be excluded.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2D4A30FC2A3AED6972045DFD45DC960A">
|
||||
Within the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B113961D52E34D29E8ED09F4D763D6D4" baseAuthorityName="Kukalova-Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parelmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the extent of the AA area is a useful character to consider first. This area is distinctively long in the new material, a state shared with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3DF898D62EF0045F3B1B8A6B03B1D69E" authorityName="Kukalova-Peck" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" genus="Elmodiapha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7B884245381A89225D8258456E477625" italics="true">Elmodiapha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="151FC88E8C6AB15CF6F798CCB762C596" DOI="10.1155/1974/49489" author="Kukalova-Peck" firstAuthor="Kukalova-Peck" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pagination="315-333" refId="B11" refString="Kukalová-Peck J (1974) Wing-folding in the Paleozoic insect order Diaphanopterodea (Paleoptera), with a description of new representatives of the family Elmoidae. Psyche 81: 315–333. https://doi.org/10.1155/1974/49489" title="Wing-folding in the Paleozoic insect order Diaphanopterodea (Paleoptera), with a description of new representatives of the family Elmoidae." volume="81" year="1974">Kukalová-Peck 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, text-figs 1, 2), from Obora (
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="14B004803D26F7BF9F6797C7D917245D" name="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; Cisuralian, Sakmarian), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="454136217A1E58CF54E4E1528AF16907" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" genus="Parelmoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megasecoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EA5D22A3F99C2345698AE551E050FF62" italics="true">Parelmoa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7941E11407EB5AEE0CE8365584F9C4BE" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Wing venation of representatives of Parelmoidae Rohdendorf, 1962. A – D. Representatives of the genus Parelmoa Carpenter, 1947. A. Parelmoa revelata Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4822, drawing of right forewing and photograph (positive imprint, light-mirrored). B, C. Parelmoa radialis Carpenter, 1947. B. Holotype, specimen MCZ 4825, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally, light-mirrored). C. Paratype, specimen MCZ 4824, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally). D. Parelmoa obtusa Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4823, drawing of left forewing and photograph (composite of both sides). E. Pseudelmoa ampla Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4826, drawing of right forewing and photograph (positive imprint). F. Permuralia maculata (Kukalová-Peck & Sinichenkova, 1992), paratype, specimen PIN 1700 / 492, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint). Photographs of MCZ material, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, © President and Fellows of Harvard College, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; photograph of PIN specimen, courtesy A. Felker." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114489">2 A – D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="431379BDD5C9A60792ADB9306A0487E2" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" genus="Pseudelmoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megasecoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B0656D090558EE88E8422ED4E649C023" italics="true">Pseudelmoa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="69B7EB775F352743869362C592E73D3E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Wing venation of representatives of Parelmoidae Rohdendorf, 1962. A – D. Representatives of the genus Parelmoa Carpenter, 1947. A. Parelmoa revelata Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4822, drawing of right forewing and photograph (positive imprint, light-mirrored). B, C. Parelmoa radialis Carpenter, 1947. B. Holotype, specimen MCZ 4825, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally, light-mirrored). C. Paratype, specimen MCZ 4824, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally). D. Parelmoa obtusa Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4823, drawing of left forewing and photograph (composite of both sides). E. Pseudelmoa ampla Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4826, drawing of right forewing and photograph (positive imprint). F. Permuralia maculata (Kukalová-Peck & Sinichenkova, 1992), paratype, specimen PIN 1700 / 492, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint). Photographs of MCZ material, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, © President and Fellows of Harvard College, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; photograph of PIN specimen, courtesy A. Felker." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114489">2 E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), from the Elmo & Midco localities (
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="E157B585887D0FC9DF0D2F9DC879D45B" country="United States of America" name="Kansas">Kansas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="8B6D1EB9CDF7E91BF3EC2997DC92589A" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="DCA59A9C3129B8109F8F5D113F22312D" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; Cisuralian, Artinskian). However, the MA /
|
||||
<collectionCode id="B364BC7B9FFE8058DEBD9CC9DDFB4F99" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc.">MP</collectionCode>
|
||||
split is located well distal of the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="929AA7E20C53CF76A336EA631DA8669D">RA</collectionCode>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<collectionCode id="9750A710527D99B865A9DF6A25908F56">RP</collectionCode>
|
||||
split in these three genera, whereas they are at the same level in new material. The new material further differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C2219F2ADF1C51F662022E6A7C54BF61" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" genus="Parelmoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megasecoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8472F0DD5D09ECDE6C145DEB0840D012" italics="true">Parelmoa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DCCF4E4888599F47E449E7248CECB636" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" genus="Pseudelmoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megasecoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FFFEABC95604D951AAFA26DE0255711B" italics="true">Pseudelmoa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EEA47C6F87238F56509F05EF605BD897" authorityName="Kukalova-Peck" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" genus="Elmodiapha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E8CE99BFE6945C50323B88872FCAAB25" italics="true">Elmodiapha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the brief connection of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="B0968621F87378E03EE7F6412887DA27">RP</collectionCode>
|
||||
and MA (the two veins are distinct in the three genera) and the presence of a forked CuP (this vein is simple in the three genera). Incidentally, in addition to differences in the extent of the AA area, the same characters allow excluding affinities with the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7B76376FDE3297E08ED8B231CD9FC881" authorityName="Sinichenkova & Kukalova-Peck" authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" genus="Permuralia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A6BB0CA26641DF7F6B19F64111F1C994" italics="true">Permuralia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="365C10FEC4936061C7B45ECCFA6DB3EC" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Wing venation of representatives of Parelmoidae Rohdendorf, 1962. A – D. Representatives of the genus Parelmoa Carpenter, 1947. A. Parelmoa revelata Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4822, drawing of right forewing and photograph (positive imprint, light-mirrored). B, C. Parelmoa radialis Carpenter, 1947. B. Holotype, specimen MCZ 4825, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally, light-mirrored). C. Paratype, specimen MCZ 4824, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally). D. Parelmoa obtusa Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4823, drawing of left forewing and photograph (composite of both sides). E. Pseudelmoa ampla Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4826, drawing of right forewing and photograph (positive imprint). F. Permuralia maculata (Kukalová-Peck & Sinichenkova, 1992), paratype, specimen PIN 1700 / 492, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint). Photographs of MCZ material, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, © President and Fellows of Harvard College, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; photograph of PIN specimen, courtesy A. Felker." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114489">2 F</figureCitation>
|
||||
; Chekarda,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="258F8655CF3C50156B123038AB035DAB" name="Russia">Russian Federation</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; Cisuralian, Kungurian; and see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="33A5830DAA14BFFF2FB1F651387C55E7" DOI="10.1139/z92-036" author="Kukalova-Peck and Sinichenkova" firstAuthor="Kukalova-Peck" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Zoology" pagination="229-235" refId="B13" refString="Kukalová-Peck J, Sinichenkova ND (1992) The wing venation and systematics of Lower Permian Diaphanopterodea from the Ural Mountains, Russia (Insecta, Paleoptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology 70: 229–235. https://doi.org/10.1139/z92-036" title="The wing venation and systematics of Lower Permian Diaphanopterodea from the Ural Mountains, Russia (Insecta, Paleoptera)." volume="70" year="1992">Kukalová-Peck and Sinichenkova 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), in which
|
||||
<collectionCode id="003911687CC3EE0B6E49E307AD3D0613">RP</collectionCode>
|
||||
and MA are fused for a more or less long distance, and CuP is simple.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="008951E782C2DE8914AE470392181A80">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9969BCA11B8C86E1AB22F29D0E0A28C5" authority="Prokop & Nel, 2011" authorityName="Prokop & Nel" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" genus="Permelmoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnifica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="61FA07F53EA00A28425EA8FACFB83B20" italics="true">Permelmoa magnifica</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="88F55487F99E345AAEA21DF3F0E32BA5" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.130.1311" author="Prokop J & Nel A" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pagination="41-55" refId="B18" refString="Prokop J, Nel A (2011) New Middle Permian palaeopteran insects from Lodeve Basin in southern France (Ephemeroptera, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera). Zookeys 130: 41 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 130.1311" title="New Middle Permian palaeopteran insects from Lodève Basin in southern France (Ephemeroptera, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera)." volume="130" year="2011">Prokop & Nel, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, from the Lodève locality (
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="763911E0FA36C613840573C341D9BD78" name="France">France</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; Cisuralian, Kungurian), is also currently assigned to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CC335C4AE40367413D312A4FF8AB01BF" baseAuthorityName="Kukalova-Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parelmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. To better assess the affinities of the new material we carried out new observations of the material of this species (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9DF0AC1E7580CEBC61B2BC120DF661DC" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wing venation of Permelmoa magnifica Prokop & Nel, 2011 (Parelmoidae Rohdendorf, 1962), holotype specimen Ld LAP 365, right forewing. A. Interpretative drawing under interpretation favoured herein (dotted line, twin imprints of vein sections; and see text), photograph (RTI extract), and normals visualization (RTI extract). B, C. Detail of the radial and median systems, as located in A, under the interpretation followed by Prokop and Nel (2011) (B) and the interpretation favoured herein (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114492">5</figureCitation>
|
||||
; and see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="34B038C8D7237D44816BF8E5FDA7C8EB" author="Yang" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Yang" refId="B30" refString="Yang N, Cui Y, Xu Z, Xu Y, Ren D, Béthoux O (2024) Data from: The first Permian Diaphanopterodea (Insecta, Megasecopteromorpha) from China. Dryad Digital Repository." year="2024">Yang et al. 2024</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In contrast with
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EA319B72E25A55838BE97DDA24C426E3" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.130.1311" author="Prokop J & Nel A" firstAuthor="Prokop" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pagination="41-55" refId="B18" refString="Prokop J, Nel A (2011) New Middle Permian palaeopteran insects from Lodève Basin in southern France (Ephemeroptera, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera). Zookeys 130: 41–55. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1311" title="New Middle Permian palaeopteran insects from Lodève Basin in southern France (Ephemeroptera, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera)." volume="130" year="2011">Prokop and Nel (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, we observed that (i)
|
||||
<collectionCode id="AB621C34E0B79240123916CE6186D0C6">RP</collectionCode>
|
||||
has four branches (as opposed to three); that (ii) CuA runs close to (or is fused with)
|
||||
<collectionCode id="358AA1EE8CB16BF39D465AFC7F2445D4" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
+ M for a short distance, and then sharply diverge posteriorly from the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="7C51927999A93A02D5BF3848DD689D94" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
+ M stem, just basal of the first split of this stem, a character generally occurring in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CE17C75E2FC4011ED9014C46B7155B96" baseAuthorityName="Kukalova-Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parelmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A0A131CC7362C672FCE6AEC8A38CEBE0" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Wing venation of representatives of Parelmoidae Rohdendorf, 1962. A – D. Representatives of the genus Parelmoa Carpenter, 1947. A. Parelmoa revelata Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4822, drawing of right forewing and photograph (positive imprint, light-mirrored). B, C. Parelmoa radialis Carpenter, 1947. B. Holotype, specimen MCZ 4825, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally, light-mirrored). C. Paratype, specimen MCZ 4824, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally). D. Parelmoa obtusa Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4823, drawing of left forewing and photograph (composite of both sides). E. Pseudelmoa ampla Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4826, drawing of right forewing and photograph (positive imprint). F. Permuralia maculata (Kukalová-Peck & Sinichenkova, 1992), paratype, specimen PIN 1700 / 492, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint). Photographs of MCZ material, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, © President and Fellows of Harvard College, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; photograph of PIN specimen, courtesy A. Felker." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114489">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF6B99886C783F3CF820A23D5F518D06" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2C20641D488328E7E9AFD355A0CE6B08" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Wing venation of Elmoa trisecta Tillyard, 1937 (Elmoidae Tillyard, 1937). A. Specimen MCZ 4590, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, reversed, light-mirrored). B. Specimen MCZ 4593, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint, light-mirrored). C. Specimen MCZ 4606, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally). D. Specimen MCZ 4592, drawing of right forewing (positive imprint). E. Specimen MCZ 4591, drawing of wings and photograph (positive imprint). F. Specimen MCZ 4594, drawing of left forewing and photograph (positive imprint). Abbreviations: LFW, left forewing; LHW, left hind wing; RFW, right forewing; RHW, right hind wing. All photographs, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, © President and Fellows of Harvard College, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114490">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
) (and see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="195166498D53132CBD5CE8735A988C48" DOI="10.2307/20023450" author="Carpenter" firstAuthor="Carpenter" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences" pagination="55-84" refId="B6" refString="Carpenter FM (1943) The Lower Permian insects of Kansas. Part 9. The orders Neuroptera, Raphidiodea, Caloneurodea and Prothortoptera (Prosbnisidae), with additional Protodonata and Megasecoptera. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 75: 55–84. https://doi.org/10.2307/20023450" title="The Lower Permian insects of Kansas. Part 9. The orders Neuroptera, Raphidiodea, Caloneurodea and Prothortoptera (Prosbnisidae), with additional Protodonata and Megasecoptera." volume="75" year="1943">Carpenter 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="75708567DA7696A18D192B3C50D1BF8B" DOI="10.2307/20023497" author="Carpenter" firstAuthor="Carpenter" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences" pagination="25-54" refId="B7" refString="Carpenter FM (1947) Lower Permian insects from Oklahoma. Part 1. Introduction and the orders Megasecoptera, Protodonata, and Odonata. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 76: 25–54. https://doi.org/10.2307/20023497" title="Lower Permian insects from Oklahoma. Part 1. Introduction and the orders Megasecoptera, Protodonata, and Odonata." volume="76" year="1947">1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DF4B3CB26D181F6E152EF5ED20AB13E1" author="Carpenter" firstAuthor="Carpenter" refId="B9" refString="Carpenter FM (1992) Superclass Hexapoda. In: Kaesler RL (Ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. The Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas, Boulder, [xxii +] 655 pp." year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); that (iii) the first fork of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="BA9955489938515F772F60C9143817BB" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc.">MP</collectionCode>
|
||||
is located distally [the basal portion of the stem regarded by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="66B1968A99E39B39C5FD9984D577767F" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.130.1311" author="Prokop J & Nel A" firstAuthor="Prokop" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pagination="41-55" refId="B18" refString="Prokop J, Nel A (2011) New Middle Permian palaeopteran insects from Lodève Basin in southern France (Ephemeroptera, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera). Zookeys 130: 41–55. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1311" title="New Middle Permian palaeopteran insects from Lodève Basin in southern France (Ephemeroptera, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera)." volume="130" year="2011">Prokop and Nel (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
as the first posterior stem of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="BDA37815C563521986C62CE2B3B3A25D" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc.">MP</collectionCode>
|
||||
(long dotted line on Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4A2195B685BA83ECE27BC0FB9BD6402D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wing venation of Permelmoa magnifica Prokop & Nel, 2011 (Parelmoidae Rohdendorf, 1962), holotype specimen Ld LAP 365, right forewing. A. Interpretative drawing under interpretation favoured herein (dotted line, twin imprints of vein sections; and see text), photograph (RTI extract), and normals visualization (RTI extract). B, C. Detail of the radial and median systems, as located in A, under the interpretation followed by Prokop and Nel (2011) (B) and the interpretation favoured herein (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114492">5 A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is herein regarded as a twin, shifted impression of CuA, because (i) the apical part of the wing is preserved as a shifted impression, on a layer different from the rest of the wing (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="641BA4465E5467E8090D180B36B8FBF6" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wing venation of Permelmoa magnifica Prokop & Nel, 2011 (Parelmoidae Rohdendorf, 1962), holotype specimen Ld LAP 365, right forewing. A. Interpretative drawing under interpretation favoured herein (dotted line, twin imprints of vein sections; and see text), photograph (RTI extract), and normals visualization (RTI extract). B, C. Detail of the radial and median systems, as located in A, under the interpretation followed by Prokop and Nel (2011) (B) and the interpretation favoured herein (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114492">5 A</figureCitation>
|
||||
), (ii) the elevation of this vein portion is inconsistent with an assignment to
|
||||
<collectionCode id="950E3436A7C1B2C5BE94B9F7FE8F765E" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc.">MP</collectionCode>
|
||||
and (iii) such twin imprints have already been documented for Lodève material (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="150D32C83BDFA72F290835C6A39DE4D8" DOI="10.1016/j.geobios.2006.04.001" author="Bethoux" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bethoux" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pagination="181-189" refId="B4" refString="Béthoux O, Nel A, Schneider JW, Gand G (2007) Lodetiella magnifica nov. gen. and nov. sp. (Insecta: Palaeodictyoptera; Permian), an extreme situation in wing morphology of palaeopterous insects. Geobios 40: 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2006.04.001" title="Lodetiella magnifica nov. gen. and nov. sp. (Insecta: Palaeodictyoptera; Permian), an extreme situation in wing morphology of palaeopterous insects." volume="40" year="2007">Béthoux et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: p. 185; and O. B. pers. obs.) but also from other fossil localities (e. g., see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2D3D18EFCD7D292C09469008221F78DA" DOI="10.1111/syen.12103" author="Bethoux" firstAuthor="Bethoux" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pagination="342-356" refId="B2" refString="Béthoux O (2015) The Late Carboniferous Triplosoba pulchella is not a fly in the ointment but a stem-mayfly. Systematic Entomology 40: 342–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12103" title="The Late Carboniferous Triplosoba pulchella is not a fly in the ointment but a stem-mayfly." volume="40" year="2015">Béthoux 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); it may be the consequence of delamination and then shifting of the two epidermic layers composing the wing, or of multiple impressions implying a release from the sediment, displacement, and second impression of a single wing, a phenomenon yet to be demonstrated experimentally], this being consistent with previous reports on the wing morphology of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DDB43127434D964E349BB35A17BE7274" baseAuthorityName="Kukalova-Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parelmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CD6DFB3D13F08C7D694668C847675E37" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3B6D2B5015709488105C08419A9D23BB" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Wing venation of representatives of Parelmoidae Rohdendorf, 1962. A – D. Representatives of the genus Parelmoa Carpenter, 1947. A. Parelmoa revelata Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4822, drawing of right forewing and photograph (positive imprint, light-mirrored). B, C. Parelmoa radialis Carpenter, 1947. B. Holotype, specimen MCZ 4825, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally, light-mirrored). C. Paratype, specimen MCZ 4824, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally). D. Parelmoa obtusa Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4823, drawing of left forewing and photograph (composite of both sides). E. Pseudelmoa ampla Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4826, drawing of right forewing and photograph (positive imprint). F. Permuralia maculata (Kukalová-Peck & Sinichenkova, 1992), paratype, specimen PIN 1700 / 492, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint). Photographs of MCZ material, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, © President and Fellows of Harvard College, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; photograph of PIN specimen, courtesy A. Felker." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114489">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A823DC4831C12046EFDC9C263F8C40C5" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Wing venation of Elmoa trisecta Tillyard, 1937 (Elmoidae Tillyard, 1937). A. Specimen MCZ 4590, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, reversed, light-mirrored). B. Specimen MCZ 4593, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint, light-mirrored). C. Specimen MCZ 4606, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally). D. Specimen MCZ 4592, drawing of right forewing (positive imprint). E. Specimen MCZ 4591, drawing of wings and photograph (positive imprint). F. Specimen MCZ 4594, drawing of left forewing and photograph (positive imprint). Abbreviations: LFW, left forewing; LHW, left hind wing; RFW, right forewing; RHW, right hind wing. All photographs, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, © President and Fellows of Harvard College, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114490">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
; and see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F5F26AE0900CB6BC8D71D8E8CE5EB589" DOI="10.1155/1974/49489" author="Kukalova-Peck" firstAuthor="Kukalova-Peck" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pagination="315-333" refId="B11" refString="Kukalová-Peck J (1974) Wing-folding in the Paleozoic insect order Diaphanopterodea (Paleoptera), with a description of new representatives of the family Elmoidae. Psyche 81: 315–333. https://doi.org/10.1155/1974/49489" title="Wing-folding in the Paleozoic insect order Diaphanopterodea (Paleoptera), with a description of new representatives of the family Elmoidae." volume="81" year="1974">Kukalová-Peck 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); and (iv) despite a very incomplete preservation, it can be assessed that CuA and CuP, distal to their respective origins, approximate each other before departing, and are therefore most likely connected by a short, oblique cua-cup cross-vein known in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="076930971312C37C295A85360A4B4439" class="Insecta" family="Diaphanopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diaphanopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="033F2BEEF62BBE2153C79C43A7B34635" baseAuthorityName="Kukalova-Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parelmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7270A7CAF3823FBBE7AEF17ACB0FD7D3" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see above). Additionally, we propose homology conjectures alternative to those followed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="93D96BE8190684A6CDC124FB30E8544E" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.130.1311" author="Prokop J & Nel A" firstAuthor="Prokop" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pagination="41-55" refId="B18" refString="Prokop J, Nel A (2011) New Middle Permian palaeopteran insects from Lodève Basin in southern France (Ephemeroptera, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera). Zookeys 130: 41–55. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1311" title="New Middle Permian palaeopteran insects from Lodève Basin in southern France (Ephemeroptera, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera)." volume="130" year="2011">Prokop and Nel (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
regarding the MA /
|
||||
<collectionCode id="C5865620F5FA096042F9D9A5477810D8" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc.">MP</collectionCode>
|
||||
split. These authors adopted a traditional interpretation (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="C0E283985BFDD00460954C7A4F53780C" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wing venation of Permelmoa magnifica Prokop & Nel, 2011 (Parelmoidae Rohdendorf, 1962), holotype specimen Ld LAP 365, right forewing. A. Interpretative drawing under interpretation favoured herein (dotted line, twin imprints of vein sections; and see text), photograph (RTI extract), and normals visualization (RTI extract). B, C. Detail of the radial and median systems, as located in A, under the interpretation followed by Prokop and Nel (2011) (B) and the interpretation favoured herein (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114492">5 B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) involving a free stem of M splitting into MA and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="3261D2AADE669D4C536A205B92508E02" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc.">MP</collectionCode>
|
||||
near the origin of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D09C7BDE9E8849DD92B498C8F13C593A">RP</collectionCode>
|
||||
. However, this implies the presence of a very strong, oblique cross-vein between
|
||||
<collectionCode id="84614B333658F3C273A7CE7163B67F61">RA</collectionCode>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="1C270ADC5D6A17F2E1F22F1500D2BA65">RP</collectionCode>
|
||||
(* on Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CF5F1BE0E86FB26B1922CB2EA65E306" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wing venation of Permelmoa magnifica Prokop & Nel, 2011 (Parelmoidae Rohdendorf, 1962), holotype specimen Ld LAP 365, right forewing. A. Interpretative drawing under interpretation favoured herein (dotted line, twin imprints of vein sections; and see text), photograph (RTI extract), and normals visualization (RTI extract). B, C. Detail of the radial and median systems, as located in A, under the interpretation followed by Prokop and Nel (2011) (B) and the interpretation favoured herein (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114492">5 B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), unknown in other Parelmoidea and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F31D69CBCD293B152CFCF8D32F75E8F5" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A possible alternative interpretation (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="33FEC9B4C84530D87CA8AEC3224C2AF3" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wing venation of Permelmoa magnifica Prokop & Nel, 2011 (Parelmoidae Rohdendorf, 1962), holotype specimen Ld LAP 365, right forewing. A. Interpretative drawing under interpretation favoured herein (dotted line, twin imprints of vein sections; and see text), photograph (RTI extract), and normals visualization (RTI extract). B, C. Detail of the radial and median systems, as located in A, under the interpretation followed by Prokop and Nel (2011) (B) and the interpretation favoured herein (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114492">5 C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) predicts that the MA /
|
||||
<collectionCode id="A3D4A658CF10B9FF6D1F79944DC7B796" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc.">MP</collectionCode>
|
||||
split occurs at the point where
|
||||
<collectionCode id="7AB9F4882591B8F2968F2008E34D09EC" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
and M diverge, and that MA runs fused with
|
||||
<collectionCode id="7EBA98AFA106ED54AF3853A1ED357785" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
for some distance. The ‘ strong oblique cross-vein’ can then be interpreted as the base of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="DFC2D7BAB731853497A6A8EC4C41948F">RP</collectionCode>
|
||||
(* in Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AF6658B861B29C51665BCF16EB02D045" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wing venation of Permelmoa magnifica Prokop & Nel, 2011 (Parelmoidae Rohdendorf, 1962), holotype specimen Ld LAP 365, right forewing. A. Interpretative drawing under interpretation favoured herein (dotted line, twin imprints of vein sections; and see text), photograph (RTI extract), and normals visualization (RTI extract). B, C. Detail of the radial and median systems, as located in A, under the interpretation followed by Prokop and Nel (2011) (B) and the interpretation favoured herein (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114492">5 C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Incidentally,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="608274796D0690381DFF41676F6CEC7D">RP</collectionCode>
|
||||
and MA are then connected by a strong cross-vein, as is commonly the case in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5AF40C64A85AA1A6284023A173387F72" baseAuthorityName="Kukalova-Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parelmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DBF159F2C38E06329134B28EA630DEE7" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However, the first cross-vein in the MA –
|
||||
<collectionCode id="40DD3A908E7ABE2478045D786B957865" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc.">MP</collectionCode>
|
||||
area is then located in a more basal position than is usually the case in these families, but this can be legitimately related to the more basal position of the MA /
|
||||
<collectionCode id="E61F7CE6B1DEAEDF192F7ED818B173B9" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc.">MP</collectionCode>
|
||||
split. It must be emphasized that a
|
||||
<collectionCode id="27F6B3FE12C7F52440515D35A4621683" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
+ MA common stem has already been advocated for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3F1CFBCA38B53119B999258E4BC78D41" authority="(Kukalova-Peck and Sinichenkova 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Kukalova-Peck and Sinichenkova" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" genus="Permuralia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sharovi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D093743814A34BFE059E5F22DBC6ECCA" italics="true">Permuralia sharovi</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="07D437ACAD0516721FE1185DF6A6F304" DOI="10.1139/z92-036" author="Kukalova-Peck and Sinichenkova" firstAuthor="Kukalova-Peck" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Zoology" pagination="229-235" refId="B13" refString="Kukalová-Peck J, Sinichenkova ND (1992) The wing venation and systematics of Lower Permian Diaphanopterodea from the Ural Mountains, Russia (Insecta, Paleoptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology 70: 229–235. https://doi.org/10.1139/z92-036" title="The wing venation and systematics of Lower Permian Diaphanopterodea from the Ural Mountains, Russia (Insecta, Paleoptera)." volume="70" year="1992">Kukalová-Peck and Sinichenkova 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(although a free base of MA is still present) and is admitted for several other members of the order
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6F6C320F19B4E9FDF6B374CF0F7F89BB" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diaphanopterodea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C397324936A27546515036CD62D8E044" DOI="10.1163/1876312X-48022160" author="Prokop and Kukalova-Peck" firstAuthor="Prokop" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics Evolution" pagination="493-511" refId="B17" refString="Prokop J, Kukalová-Peck J (2017) New insects from the earliest Permian of Carrizo Arroyo (New Mexico, USA) bridging the gap between the Carboniferous and Permian entomofaunas. Insect Systematics Evolution 48: 493–511. https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-48022160" title="New insects from the earliest Permian of Carrizo Arroyo (New Mexico, USA) bridging the gap between the Carboniferous and Permian entomofaunas." volume="48" year="2017">Prokop and Kukalová-Peck 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: text-figs 4, 6; and in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="80A406C712DE88C12EDC8A5BD1D61AAF" authority="Tillyard, 1924" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Asthenohymenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||||
Asthenohymenidae
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3F9E251B55C09ECC4293A9DC6D0F4BE8" DOI="10.2475/ajs.s5-8.44.111" author="Tillyard RJ" refId="B24" refString="Tillyard RJ (1924) Kansas Permian Insects. Part 3. The new order Protohymenoptera. American Journal of Science (5) 8: 111 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 5 - 8.44. 111" year="1924">Tillyard, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6437CA408091D9F2EB35BABD4FAE3C69" authority="Tillyard, 1932" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Martynoviidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||||
Martynoviidae
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F7EB10226B6ED71969D76FB02564F179" DOI="10.2475/ajs.s5-23.133.1" author="Tillyard RJ" refId="B25" refString="Tillyard RJ (1932) Kansas Permian Insects. Part 14. The order Neuroptera. American Journal of Science (5) 23: 1 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 5 - 23.133. 1" year="1932">Tillyard, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Following this interpretation, and in conjunction with a very long ScP,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2156477240CFCBFFA7076F7D378A34A8" authorityName="Prokop & Nel" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" genus="Permelmoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnifica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6A54EDE2C7BDD86D8C631EA4F4730C49" italics="true">Permelmoa magnifica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
stands out as a very unique
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2B4DDAE874C220326E0EE0649EB09318" baseAuthorityName="Kukalova-Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parelmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Regardless of the favoured interpretation on the course of MA, the new material differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="40DC99D64F2CAA4C449B3DDFEE0C544D" authorityName="Prokop & Nel" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" genus="Permelmoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnifica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4355D38C87F5A964FAA1F3C09E1670C" italics="true">Permelmoa magnifica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in many respects, including the respective position of the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="DCAE43DDA81D3E4D3D892CD2F259FCF6">RA</collectionCode>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<collectionCode id="287B940515938317834B7EA3137C7124">RP</collectionCode>
|
||||
and MA /
|
||||
<collectionCode id="C2C1860590FDD14BF746C1570DA4D489" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc.">MP</collectionCode>
|
||||
split, the extent of ScP, and the extent of the AA area.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="2C0E310383D8807225577F97A756F573" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure5" ID-arpha="1E9B41F3-8BF9-5FA1-8ABC-B6F31D5CAAD0" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114492" startId="F5">
|
||||
<paragraph id="65F193D983BB542A353534DDE71CFEDE">
|
||||
<label id="375F20A9202A802CD6C9A78B9A71D4A6">Figure 5.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5A3210729FE6379B40E4D146CAB5E3EB">
|
||||
Wing venation of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FCFB1065F95C05FE4933EDB093FF98B0" authority="Prokop & Nel, 2011" authorityName="Prokop & Nel" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" genus="Permelmoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnifica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="12DC388F60C4D722B9E04CACD4877274" italics="true">Permelmoa magnifica</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7790F7B99474EA4DBCCEF8B5045317AE" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.130.1311" author="Prokop J & Nel A" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pagination="41-55" refId="B18" refString="Prokop J, Nel A (2011) New Middle Permian palaeopteran insects from Lodeve Basin in southern France (Ephemeroptera, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera). Zookeys 130: 41 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 130.1311" title="New Middle Permian palaeopteran insects from Lodève Basin in southern France (Ephemeroptera, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera)." volume="130" year="2011">Prokop & Nel, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6D8D620BE0493EBD4852F3F4BF418AE" authority="Rohdendorf, 1962" authorityName="Rohdendorf" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||||
Parelmoidae
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="40CB643BCE07DE669CB1D1A5EEA6F755" author="Rohdendorf BB" editor="Rohdendorf BB" journalOrPublisher="Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR" pagination="17-374" refId="B19" refString="Rohdendorf BB (1962) Podtip Mandibulata zhvalonosnye chlenistonogie [Subphylum Mandibulata or Prototracheata] In: Rohdendorf BB (Ed.) Osnovy Paleontologii [Fundamentals of Palaeontology]. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 17 - 374." title="Podtip Mandibulata zhvalonosnye chlenistonogie [Subphylum Mandibulata or Prototracheata]" volumeTitle="Osnovy Paleontologii [Fundamentals of Palaeontology]." year="1962">Rohdendorf, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), holotype specimen Ld LAP 365, right forewing.
|
||||
<emphasis id="679059F2626BF3F3BC2B74CCBD221181" bold="true">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
Interpretative drawing under interpretation favoured herein (dotted line, twin imprints of vein sections; and see text), photograph (
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EY6AE" xlink_title="reflectance transformation imaging">RTI</abbrev>
|
||||
extract), and normals visualization (
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E36AE" xlink_title="reflectance transformation imaging">RTI</abbrev>
|
||||
extract).
|
||||
<emphasis id="EEA06FF3273B115F7DF42581D03FA6AF" bold="true">B, C.</emphasis>
|
||||
Detail of the radial and median systems, as located in
|
||||
<emphasis id="3B6B2EAFB2D49D09676851AD28096B3E" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||||
, under the interpretation followed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6A9535C494877522A4D429FCEDA13764" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.130.1311" author="Prokop J & Nel A" firstAuthor="Prokop" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pagination="41-55" refId="B18" refString="Prokop J, Nel A (2011) New Middle Permian palaeopteran insects from Lodève Basin in southern France (Ephemeroptera, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera). Zookeys 130: 41–55. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1311" title="New Middle Permian palaeopteran insects from Lodève Basin in southern France (Ephemeroptera, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera)." volume="130" year="2011">Prokop and Nel (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="A9F9F150527644F4E6CC270067F170AD" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||||
) and the interpretation favoured herein (
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A6C534D484AF5C7E851A85BE2C102E0" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A03987ACFCD705903EB41E26E24EAC1">In summary, it is legitimate to erect a new genus and species for the new material.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
292
data/82/91/76/829176BCFFF9562B98113DE63DF04AEB.xml
Normal file
292
data/82/91/76/829176BCFFF9562B98113DE63DF04AEB.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
|
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|
||||
<treatment id="829176BCFFF9562B98113DE63DF04AEB" ID-arpha="829176BC-FFF9-562B-9811-3DE63DF04AEB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:829176BCFFF9562B98113DE63DF04AEB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/829176BCFFF9562B98113DE63DF04AEB">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C38E4311CE101D1DC7EB46EA0ACF895A" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F4AAB654AE1030F2D7FC98AAD383289F">
|
||||
<heading id="7F70EE871BB4A1088EEB400E90926C02" reason="label">Family</heading>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="14A5C201184E74E91EE39E7201335823" ID-CoL="34G" authority="Rohdendorf, 1962" authorityName="Rohdendorf" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||||
Parelmoidae
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="25BB92688ADD51F4E12D97FEAF687F66" author="Rohdendorf BB" editor="Rohdendorf BB" journalOrPublisher="Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR" pagination="17-374" refId="B19" refString="Rohdendorf BB (1962) Podtip Mandibulata zhvalonosnye chlenistonogie [Subphylum Mandibulata or Prototracheata] In: Rohdendorf BB (Ed.) Osnovy Paleontologii [Fundamentals of Palaeontology]. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 17 - 374." title="Podtip Mandibulata zhvalonosnye chlenistonogie [Subphylum Mandibulata or Prototracheata]" volumeTitle="Osnovy Paleontologii [Fundamentals of Palaeontology]." year="1962">Rohdendorf, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E4DAE" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="73FE4E4803D60EC7985366526BECBF10">
|
||||
<heading id="A1479709D10CB52F131D6E366D1DDA17" reason="title">Type genus.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3FE3EC61430DB6D478E0ADEBF6E7C531">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5ACF70988CCCF8D2DF71C4F34653A418" authority="Carpenter, 1947" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" genus="Parelmoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megasecoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D375ED5D27AA6D99F0BEECE645FAC9C" italics="true">Parelmoa</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="113F248CD45425036C7E87205A3C6F29" DOI="10.2307/20023497" author="Carpenter FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences" pagination="25-54" refId="B7" refString="Carpenter FM (1947) Lower Permian insects from Oklahoma. Part 1. Introduction and the orders Megasecoptera, Protodonata, and Odonata. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 76: 25 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 20023497" title="Lower Permian insects from Oklahoma. Part 1. Introduction and the orders Megasecoptera, Protodonata, and Odonata." volume="76" year="1947">Carpenter, 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EKEAE" type="Included genera">
|
||||
<paragraph id="49FA5AD54375BEAC8F82F523831B292B">
|
||||
<heading id="43FA54AA546C128DD695F1956807EC55" reason="title">Included genera.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="674D3DA5D1351B2FAF077BD98EA1A12B">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C0061504970F209FDAA6ECB6D7C498E2" authority="Kukalova-Peck, 1974" authorityName="Kukalova-Peck" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" genus="Diapha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1F7A7AC16C53C5D08D7BAD5C031F8E86" italics="true">Diapha</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="144D42D4FA9FC7D6F6F86B6949145CC3" DOI="10.1155/1974/49489" author="Kukalová-Peck J" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pagination="315-333" refId="B11" refString="Kukalova-Peck J (1974) Wing-folding in the Paleozoic insect order Diaphanopterodea (Paleoptera), with a description of new representatives of the family Elmoidae. Psyche 81: 315 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1974 / 49489" title="Wing-folding in the Paleozoic insect order Diaphanopterodea (Paleoptera), with a description of new representatives of the family Elmoidae." volume="81" year="1974">Kukalová-Peck, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8C1BBFB4860AF4D6551F0C0E2E09431A" authority="Kukalova-Peck, 1974" authorityName="Kukalova-Peck" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" genus="Elmodiapha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="69BD850DB61CF806FBB36C56BC9B6D72" italics="true">Elmodiapha</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6C4CC4B6EA5218F55244E29CEADA4B2F" DOI="10.1155/1974/49489" author="Kukalová-Peck J" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pagination="315-333" refId="B11" refString="Kukalova-Peck J (1974) Wing-folding in the Paleozoic insect order Diaphanopterodea (Paleoptera), with a description of new representatives of the family Elmoidae. Psyche 81: 315 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1974 / 49489" title="Wing-folding in the Paleozoic insect order Diaphanopterodea (Paleoptera), with a description of new representatives of the family Elmoidae." volume="81" year="1974">Kukalová-Peck, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8630F39992249BFB2189C9CE9249B5DC" authority="Kukalova-Peck, 1974" authorityName="Kukalova-Peck" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" genus="Paradiapha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A91D53D2FC387B9101E83D85CB3AB0FB" italics="true">Paradiapha</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DA75A4B70C868CA44203C92C2BC9AAF3" DOI="10.1155/1974/49489" author="Kukalová-Peck J" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pagination="315-333" refId="B11" refString="Kukalova-Peck J (1974) Wing-folding in the Paleozoic insect order Diaphanopterodea (Paleoptera), with a description of new representatives of the family Elmoidae. Psyche 81: 315 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1974 / 49489" title="Wing-folding in the Paleozoic insect order Diaphanopterodea (Paleoptera), with a description of new representatives of the family Elmoidae." volume="81" year="1974">Kukalová-Peck, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6D6BDA504F167C43C456C87FCEEE744F" authority="Prokop & Nel, 2011" authorityName="Prokop & Nel" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" genus="Permelmoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9F16A6C4E0FB995DD5EED5F6F16DFEEE" italics="true">Permelmoa</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="19429AB97DD2BEC7B2505FF5A1D08A67" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.130.1311" author="Prokop J & Nel A" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pagination="41-55" refId="B18" refString="Prokop J, Nel A (2011) New Middle Permian palaeopteran insects from Lodeve Basin in southern France (Ephemeroptera, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera). Zookeys 130: 41 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 130.1311" title="New Middle Permian palaeopteran insects from Lodève Basin in southern France (Ephemeroptera, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera)." volume="130" year="2011">Prokop & Nel, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="608645C6209FC4EA53491D0ECCD06E42" authority="Kukalova-Peck, 1974" authorityName="Kukalova-Peck" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" genus="Permodiapha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2DEBE330132A143A087ADA42E14DCD9E" italics="true">Permodiapha</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92166FCE79C4111AAEB580F62CBC40B4" DOI="10.1155/1974/49489" author="Kukalová-Peck J" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pagination="315-333" refId="B11" refString="Kukalova-Peck J (1974) Wing-folding in the Paleozoic insect order Diaphanopterodea (Paleoptera), with a description of new representatives of the family Elmoidae. Psyche 81: 315 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1974 / 49489" title="Wing-folding in the Paleozoic insect order Diaphanopterodea (Paleoptera), with a description of new representatives of the family Elmoidae." volume="81" year="1974">Kukalová-Peck, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F5CF3D39DE8FDB4979A61F7863ACC5FE" authority="Sinichenkova & Kukalova-Peck, 1997" authorityName="Sinichenkova & Kukalova-Peck" authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" genus="Permuralia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="76F76FC66EFE2C8E7F55AADE9239F193" italics="true">Permuralia</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FEA93318482F258A39BA872D722F1248" author="Sinichenkova ND & Kukalová-Peck J" refId="B22" refString="Sinichenkova ND, Kukalova-Peck J (1997) Permuralia - a new name for Uralia Kukalova-Peck and Sinichenkova, 1992 (Insecta: Diaphanopterida = Diaphanopteridea). Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 31: 95." year="1997">Sinichenkova & Kukalová-Peck, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4FD6166EE10E9A3D3982B389A5CB648F" authority="Kukalova-Peck, 1974" authorityName="Kukalova-Peck" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" genus="Protodiapha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9BB859488C9F60CA2CB8DE96D9133785" italics="true">Protodiapha</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D1774DA238AE2A9BB92FFDA8BE8088CB" DOI="10.1155/1974/49489" author="Kukalová-Peck J" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pagination="315-333" refId="B11" refString="Kukalova-Peck J (1974) Wing-folding in the Paleozoic insect order Diaphanopterodea (Paleoptera), with a description of new representatives of the family Elmoidae. Psyche 81: 315 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1974 / 49489" title="Wing-folding in the Paleozoic insect order Diaphanopterodea (Paleoptera), with a description of new representatives of the family Elmoidae." volume="81" year="1974">Kukalová-Peck, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D8BA44FBD178695B83BC527C7E27D2EC" authority="Carpenter, 1947" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" genus="Pseudelmoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megasecoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="36BF3319B9FDF4F13CCCF960462BA230" italics="true">Pseudelmoa</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3E5CF41033A193537BFB443992E7BF11" DOI="10.2307/20023497" author="Carpenter FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences" pagination="25-54" refId="B7" refString="Carpenter FM (1947) Lower Permian insects from Oklahoma. Part 1. Introduction and the orders Megasecoptera, Protodonata, and Odonata. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 76: 25 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 20023497" title="Lower Permian insects from Oklahoma. Part 1. Introduction and the orders Megasecoptera, Protodonata, and Odonata." volume="76" year="1947">Carpenter, 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="29DA05A821CC597723F987F2CD629CEB" authority="Kukalova-Peck, 1974" authorityName="Kukalova-Peck" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" genus="Stenodiapha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AECA7CEA2FFD13A05581B5094932DF94" italics="true">Stenodiapha</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7B994753D3D6483023CD8E3085C13F70" DOI="10.1155/1974/49489" author="Kukalová-Peck J" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pagination="315-333" refId="B11" refString="Kukalova-Peck J (1974) Wing-folding in the Paleozoic insect order Diaphanopterodea (Paleoptera), with a description of new representatives of the family Elmoidae. Psyche 81: 315 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1974 / 49489" title="Wing-folding in the Paleozoic insect order Diaphanopterodea (Paleoptera), with a description of new representatives of the family Elmoidae." volume="81" year="1974">Kukalová-Peck, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8BF5944F4B7B968FB38CD57AA1C1E651" authorityName="Yang & Cui & Xu & Xu & Ren & Béthoux" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" genus="Sinoelmoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F9190B25B029C24D32DBBC20457283C3" italics="true">Sinoelmoa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="08AA435E6BCE86AFEE80BD9C25AC3DAA" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EWGAE" type="comments">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EBEC101A49E4460C521ADDE11E6DBA82">
|
||||
<heading id="14070E30A4258FA4E6EBDCF16874C650" reason="title">Commented diagnosis.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="40F19292827EC584E38F9F4202D944EE">
|
||||
ScP long, ending beyond the first fork of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="9AA9ED7EC8883D134E33A10BA7657CC5">RP</collectionCode>
|
||||
(plesiomorphy within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="684445C9DFD33739140BE09BF603774C" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diaphanopterodea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); near wing base, shortly after its origin, CuA fused for some distance with, or running closely along,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="69616165BCEEEC83460D136F19855353" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
+ M (apomorphy; as currently documented, shared with all
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64052EBEFD6A610F49311B2E7A2793E0" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diaphanopterodea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
except
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50DB9954F0FFFCF2BA8909F63CF7A248" class="Insecta" family="Sinodiaphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sinodiaphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in which CuA is connected with M by a short cross-vein, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CB9656F6F39E2AB8BD76F6D05CA75CE5" class="Insecta" family="Diaphanopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diaphanopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in which the connection of CuA and M is very brief); first cross-vein in the CuA – CuP area very short and oblique, with CuA displaying a clear inflexion at the point of connection with this cross-vein [also present in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9B87FCF4275418F46ECAF7C6B6895BC3" class="Insecta" family="Diaphanopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diaphanopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0D78C905FC215662BC809B994D90D26E" authorityName="Prokop & Kukalová-Peck" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Diaphanopteridae" genus="Carrizodiaphanoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BB9628AF46A66E359C6A6005C25E8133" italics="true">Carrizodiaphanoptera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and, to some extent,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="01B16D24C10E377BC46A234C534BAE55" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="FDAB6AC066A2F6AF7C44B4D01EE478D2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Wing venation of Elmoa trisecta Tillyard, 1937 (Elmoidae Tillyard, 1937). A. Specimen MCZ 4590, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, reversed, light-mirrored). B. Specimen MCZ 4593, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint, light-mirrored). C. Specimen MCZ 4606, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally). D. Specimen MCZ 4592, drawing of right forewing (positive imprint). E. Specimen MCZ 4591, drawing of wings and photograph (positive imprint). F. Specimen MCZ 4594, drawing of left forewing and photograph (positive imprint). Abbreviations: LFW, left forewing; LHW, left hind wing; RFW, right forewing; RHW, right hind wing. All photographs, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, © President and Fellows of Harvard College, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114490">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
); possibly an apomorphy of the entire
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="93579304B48708D7705D007EED1F166D" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diaphanopterodea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
– except for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0C32D6C080E72CFB835BFA4351F05AAB" class="Insecta" family="Sinodiaphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sinodiaphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in which this state is primarily absent –, and with presumed secondary losses in various families, such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E9E52E8CD8FF282928C2F4752ECBDDFA" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Martynoviidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Martynoviidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
];
|
||||
<collectionCode id="F0D8D2DE17FF6A63CC0A9BF142F68786" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc.">MP</collectionCode>
|
||||
branched (plesiomorphy within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="76D2D0C1B9C9971D327436CAD294F651" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diaphanopterodea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); CuP with 1–3 distal branches (plesiomorphy within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CADC5DF02F1090E0968E7402F4E77349" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diaphanopterodea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); developed anal area (putative apomorphy for the family).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E5IAE" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="ADB9F51037BC52DBA4AFA1092BD71407">
|
||||
<heading id="1F1C9DD9EAC68DA77BAD11A1EA02B01C" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9C6B265904B4A824C62C09A98EDD4090">
|
||||
The combination of (i) an overall rich venation, (ii) a long fusion of CuA with
|
||||
<collectionCode id="A0EEB2FF854649BEDCCF64EA496E7ED2" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
+ M (or, CuA running very close to
|
||||
<collectionCode id="8C2C99263570302EE945FF1FA975BC16" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
+ M for some distance), and (iii) a cua-cup cross-vein very short, is generally used to identify members of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0D4A1111EBAD64FC84ED6DF21CEF0933" authorityName="Rohdendorf" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parelmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The Pennsylvanian
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E59F71FE724E5117AD3176ED4CEF61BA" class="Insecta" family="Diaphanopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diaphanopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differ from this family only by lacking character state (ii) (see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BDA9A39E5EC03E3494600AA772B54FEF" DOI="10.1666/0022-3360(2003)077%3C1016:RODSAN%3E2.0.CO;2" author="Bethoux and Nel" firstAuthor="Bethoux" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pagination="1016-1020" refId="B3" refString="Béthoux O, Nel A (2003) Revision of Diaphanoptera species and new diagnosis of Diaphanopteridae (Insecta: Palaeoptera: Diaphanopterodea). Journal of Paleontology 77: 1016–1020. https://doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360 (2003) 077 % 3 C 1016: RODSAN % 3 E 2.0. CO; 2" title="Revision of Diaphanoptera species and new diagnosis of Diaphanopteridae (Insecta: Palaeoptera: Diaphanopterodea)." volume="77" year="2003">Béthoux and Nel 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Given the polarity of several character states listed as diagnostic of the family, it is not excluded that this taxonomic concept might represent a paraphyletic entity, to include other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="838C4D9F4D31F6B9A85A1A63BEE8C518" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diaphanopterodea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
families, such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="436BC4422FF506563A4E724947555A35" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6F25CA0E3DE5B2BA4FD64D8ABACF4064">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FF2574EB4CA728F5986E96FB675C0FF5" author="Carpenter FM" firstAuthor="Carpenter" refId="B9" refString="Carpenter FM (1992) Superclass Hexapoda. In: Kaesler RL (Ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. The Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas, Boulder, [xxii +] 655 pp." year="1992">Carpenter (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
considered the six genera and 10 species reported from the Obora locality (Permian, Cisuralian, Sakmarian), and originally assigned to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AB7A8FA0824CBABD63F6CC5DF2993340" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="91C11AECF546CC34D0088F8687AB1D0A" authority="(Kukalova-Peck 1974)" baseAuthorityName="Kukalova-Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||||
Parelmoidae (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BC9C371A3CDA0FCF80E03872440D3705" DOI="10.1155/1974/49489" author="Kukalova-Peck" firstAuthor="Kukalova-Peck" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pagination="315-333" refId="B11" refString="Kukalová-Peck J (1974) Wing-folding in the Paleozoic insect order Diaphanopterodea (Paleoptera), with a description of new representatives of the family Elmoidae. Psyche 81: 315–333. https://doi.org/10.1155/1974/49489" title="Wing-folding in the Paleozoic insect order Diaphanopterodea (Paleoptera), with a description of new representatives of the family Elmoidae." volume="81" year="1974">Kukalová-Peck 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, as of uncertain Parelmoidael affinities. Addressing aspects of species delimitation, and the systematics of these species, is made difficult by post-depositional deformations this material endured. Nevertheless, wing venation character states they display tend to indicate a placement to the family
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5ADD567332A988741E2B4C665A7F14B6" baseAuthorityName="Kukalova-Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parelmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as delimited above, in particular the well-developed anal area. Also, despite deformation, this comparatively large sample allows appreciating variation in character states variability (in other words, how the extent of variability varies within families), likely to differ among (and within) the closely related families
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="622CBC176E02C9246A397BA99D40AB7F" class="Insecta" family="Diaphanopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diaphanopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="788D771423998FEEA334C6EFCD367D4C" baseAuthorityName="Kukalova-Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parelmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4CF41581F7B98052DF4DB5CBE513FFCA" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see below and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9744B35D4BCDBBDE995B199B2CF34316" DOI="10.1139/z92-036" author="Kukalova-Peck and Sinichenkova" firstAuthor="Kukalova-Peck" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Zoology" pagination="229-235" refId="B13" refString="Kukalová-Peck J, Sinichenkova ND (1992) The wing venation and systematics of Lower Permian Diaphanopterodea from the Ural Mountains, Russia (Insecta, Paleoptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology 70: 229–235. https://doi.org/10.1139/z92-036" title="The wing venation and systematics of Lower Permian Diaphanopterodea from the Ural Mountains, Russia (Insecta, Paleoptera)." volume="70" year="1992">Kukalová-Peck and Sinichenkova 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9B9F1ECE94981359F74FB3439DEE2041">
|
||||
Notably, a distal fork of CuP is common in the Obora material, with some specimens displaying an early fork, and even a 3 - branched CuP. The relation between
|
||||
<collectionCode id="77B392496C8BA5FC06B29DA9BBE59EB6">RP</collectionCode>
|
||||
and MA is also very variable across the corresponding species, ranging from a complete lack of fusion to a long one. In contrast, species of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6D4127571C7A29D30277680024C9C95E" authority="Carpenter, 1947" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" genus="Parelmoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megasecoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1F7897599BAC9D7A487DB0CF9A7CF7C4" italics="true">Parelmoa</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="ABE281909438B9923849051F40BCFC54" DOI="10.2307/20023497" author="Carpenter FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences" pagination="25-54" refId="B7" refString="Carpenter FM (1947) Lower Permian insects from Oklahoma. Part 1. Introduction and the orders Megasecoptera, Protodonata, and Odonata. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 76: 25 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 20023497" title="Lower Permian insects from Oklahoma. Part 1. Introduction and the orders Megasecoptera, Protodonata, and Odonata." volume="76" year="1947">Carpenter, 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="948EAFA3C87D5D5525AA5335A5F8AC23" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Wing venation of representatives of Parelmoidae Rohdendorf, 1962. A – D. Representatives of the genus Parelmoa Carpenter, 1947. A. Parelmoa revelata Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4822, drawing of right forewing and photograph (positive imprint, light-mirrored). B, C. Parelmoa radialis Carpenter, 1947. B. Holotype, specimen MCZ 4825, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally, light-mirrored). C. Paratype, specimen MCZ 4824, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally). D. Parelmoa obtusa Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4823, drawing of left forewing and photograph (composite of both sides). E. Pseudelmoa ampla Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4826, drawing of right forewing and photograph (positive imprint). F. Permuralia maculata (Kukalová-Peck & Sinichenkova, 1992), paratype, specimen PIN 1700 / 492, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint). Photographs of MCZ material, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, © President and Fellows of Harvard College, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; photograph of PIN specimen, courtesy A. Felker." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114489">2 A – D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) show more stable venational features (CuP simple; MA and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0675F8BCF577A23A28D3046D0CFC7486">RP</collectionCode>
|
||||
connected by a short cross-vein). Among other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8BA08154F01DBAFD18440EAEEB7DC9DB" baseAuthorityName="Kukalova-Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parelmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the monotypic genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="220B685324403D269C220BF915A37E59" authority="Carpenter 1947" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" genus="Pseudelmoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megasecoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F13CD1431B6A626D12B9A389A2560B27" italics="true">Pseudelmoa</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0490CAD1F387FF345C1E2CAADE15CF6A" DOI="10.2307/20023497" author="Carpenter" firstAuthor="Carpenter" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences" pagination="25-54" refId="B7" refString="Carpenter FM (1947) Lower Permian insects from Oklahoma. Part 1. Introduction and the orders Megasecoptera, Protodonata, and Odonata. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 76: 25–54. https://doi.org/10.2307/20023497" title="Lower Permian insects from Oklahoma. Part 1. Introduction and the orders Megasecoptera, Protodonata, and Odonata." volume="76" year="1947">Carpenter 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F3D17A649620DE99B5D9CB7EE096AF6A" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Wing venation of representatives of Parelmoidae Rohdendorf, 1962. A – D. Representatives of the genus Parelmoa Carpenter, 1947. A. Parelmoa revelata Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4822, drawing of right forewing and photograph (positive imprint, light-mirrored). B, C. Parelmoa radialis Carpenter, 1947. B. Holotype, specimen MCZ 4825, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally, light-mirrored). C. Paratype, specimen MCZ 4824, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally). D. Parelmoa obtusa Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4823, drawing of left forewing and photograph (composite of both sides). E. Pseudelmoa ampla Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4826, drawing of right forewing and photograph (positive imprint). F. Permuralia maculata (Kukalová-Peck & Sinichenkova, 1992), paratype, specimen PIN 1700 / 492, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint). Photographs of MCZ material, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, © President and Fellows of Harvard College, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; photograph of PIN specimen, courtesy A. Felker." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114489">2 E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CA699BBAC4C5E6DA19672734903722F9" authority="Sinichenkova & Kukalova-Peck, 1997" authorityName="Sinichenkova & Kukalova-Peck" authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" genus="Permuralia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0D5C1AB63C9735A79B4BC0DD64336E73" italics="true">Permuralia</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E98218F2416F7FF685F802301655117F" author="Sinichenkova ND & Kukalová-Peck J" refId="B22" refString="Sinichenkova ND, Kukalova-Peck J (1997) Permuralia - a new name for Uralia Kukalova-Peck and Sinichenkova, 1992 (Insecta: Diaphanopterida = Diaphanopteridea). Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 31: 95." year="1997">Sinichenkova & Kukalová-Peck, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="989FCB49C0A69B5C126BB8FB74EA0D9C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Wing venation of representatives of Parelmoidae Rohdendorf, 1962. A – D. Representatives of the genus Parelmoa Carpenter, 1947. A. Parelmoa revelata Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4822, drawing of right forewing and photograph (positive imprint, light-mirrored). B, C. Parelmoa radialis Carpenter, 1947. B. Holotype, specimen MCZ 4825, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally, light-mirrored). C. Paratype, specimen MCZ 4824, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally). D. Parelmoa obtusa Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4823, drawing of left forewing and photograph (composite of both sides). E. Pseudelmoa ampla Carpenter, 1947, holotype, specimen MCZ 4826, drawing of right forewing and photograph (positive imprint). F. Permuralia maculata (Kukalová-Peck & Sinichenkova, 1992), paratype, specimen PIN 1700 / 492, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint). Photographs of MCZ material, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, © President and Fellows of Harvard College, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; photograph of PIN specimen, courtesy A. Felker." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114489">2 F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) remain similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="915CADCCC2F101A781D0CDC75F28C10F" class="Insecta" genus="Parelmoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megasecoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5D5A525F836365FCB529074BB41E755D" italics="true">Parelmoa</emphasis>
|
||||
spp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in most of their venational features. Also,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A671E9CD324F9CFF2AE0E7ACAB33AA38" authority="Tillyard, 1937" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" genus="Elmoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trisecta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5F7653EEFF6E1B665B44C01227ED7F3F" italics="true">Elmoa trisecta</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="03E29A0099C4FF97605EEB05B131CD0A" DOI="10.2475/ajs.s5-33.194.81" author="Tillyard RJ" refId="B26" refString="Tillyard RJ (1937) Kansas Permian Insects. Part 17. The order Megasecoptera and additions to the Palaeodictyoptera, Odonata, Protoperlaria, Copeognatha and Neuroptera. American Journal of Science (5) 33: 81 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 5 - 33.194. 81" year="1937">Tillyard, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B4F25B659BD724BD96622474BF43EEE1" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Elmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2620DBD0B35CA8F47B8B0330CDEE30F6" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Wing venation of Elmoa trisecta Tillyard, 1937 (Elmoidae Tillyard, 1937). A. Specimen MCZ 4590, drawing of left forewing and photograph (negative imprint, reversed, light-mirrored). B. Specimen MCZ 4593, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint, light-mirrored). C. Specimen MCZ 4606, drawing of right forewing and photograph (negative imprint, flipped horizontally). D. Specimen MCZ 4592, drawing of right forewing (positive imprint). E. Specimen MCZ 4591, drawing of wings and photograph (positive imprint). F. Specimen MCZ 4594, drawing of left forewing and photograph (positive imprint). Abbreviations: LFW, left forewing; LHW, left hind wing; RFW, right forewing; RHW, right hind wing. All photographs, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, © President and Fellows of Harvard College, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e128892.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1114490">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
) shows rather stable venational features, with a consistent occurrence of a (i) distally forked CuP and (ii) a MA distinct from
|
||||
<collectionCode id="8558F7ADDECCD8D1E3B4BB003AF8543E">RP</collectionCode>
|
||||
, with a cross-vein connecting the two veins shortly after the origin of the latter. The Obora material is therefore unusual in several respects. Instead of attempting to finely resolve relationships between the corresponding taxa, whose variability in many aspects cannot be properly appreciated, we believe it is more sensible to use the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6DB63A5912822B33F2C0DA7D0DE4BDD4" baseAuthorityName="Kukalova-Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diaphanopterodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parelmoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a broad taxonomic concept, possibly paraphyletic (i. e., a grade), to include the Obora material.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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Reference in a new issue