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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.491.9164" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5476c6d8-4216-482e-a993-95c384bee91c" ID-PMC="PMC4389186" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-491-95" ID-PubMed="25878539" ID-ZBK="E359168AC2534032944BDC97BF60C322" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-491-95" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 491" ModsDocTitle="Pseudoexeirarthra, a new genus from New Zealand (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae), with descriptions of seven new species" checkinTime="1451244512039" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Park, Jong-Seok &amp; Carlton, Christopher E." docDate="2015" docId="FF5E1D61D7042397D318129FAFB201B6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 491: 95-118" docOrigin="ZooKeys 491" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.491.9164" docTitle="Pseudoexeirarthra puncticollis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="FFABFFA9FFC0FFB60F3D13781053CF2A" masterDocTitle="Pseudoexeirarthra, a new genus from New Zealand (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae), with descriptions of seven new species" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1668160144099" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Pseudoexeirarthra, a new genus from New Zealand (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae), with descriptions of seven new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Park, Jong-Seok</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Carlton, Christopher E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number>491</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059005" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF5E1D61D7042397D318129FAFB201B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF5E1D61D7042397D318129FAFB201B6" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Staphylinidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName authority="Broun" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Pseudoexeirarthra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoexeirarthra puncticollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puncticollis">Pseudoexeirarthra puncticollis (Broun)</taxonomicName>
Figs 1C, 3C, 4
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sagola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sagola puncticollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puncticollis">Sagola puncticollis</taxonomicName>
Broun, 1911: 499.
<bibRefCitation author="Hudson, GV" journalOrPublisher="Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute" pageId="16" pageNumber="111" pagination="353 - 399" title="An index of New Zealand beetles." volume="54" year="1923">Hudson 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 365;
<bibRefCitation author="Hudson, GV" journalOrPublisher="Ferguson &amp; Osborne, Wellington" pageId="16" pageNumber="111" title="New Zealand beetles and their larvae: an elementary introduction to the study of our native Coleoptera." year="1934">1934</bibRefCitation>
: 183.
<bibRefCitation author="Raffray, A" journalOrPublisher="Accademia delle scienze nuovi Lincei" pageId="17" pageNumber="112" title="Etude sur la distribution geographique des coleopteres de la famille des Pselaphides" year="1924">Raffray 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 232.
<bibRefCitation author="Newton, AF" journalOrPublisher="Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago" pageId="16" pageNumber="111" title="Catalog of austral species of Staphylinidae and other Staphylinoidea" url="http://www.fieldmuseum.org/peet_staph/db_1b.html" year="2005">Newton and Thayer 2005</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Nomura, S" editor="Tomida, Y" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the 7 th and 8 th Symposia on Collection Building and Natural History Studies in Asia and the Pacific Rim" pageId="16" pageNumber="111" pagination="239 - 272" title="Faunistic review on the pselaphine species known from New Zealand (Insecta, Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)." volume="34" year="2006">Nomura and Leschen 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 243.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">
Holotype. New Zealand: South Canterbury (SC): 1♂ (BMNH), glued on rectangular card,
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Type”">&quot;Type&quot;</normalizedToken>
[red label, printed];
<normalizedToken originalValue="“3370.”">&quot;3370.&quot;</normalizedToken>
[white label, handwritten]; &quot;New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922-482.&quot; [white label, printed]; &quot;Timaru. -Wallace.&quot; [white label, hand written]; &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sagola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sagola puncticollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puncticollis">Sagola puncticollis</taxonomicName>
&quot; [white label, handwritten].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="additional material">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Additional material</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">(n = 34; 29 males, 5 females). New Zealand: Mackenzie (MK): 8♂♀, White Horse Hill, Mt. Cook, 26 X 2009, J. Nunn, litter in podocarp forest (JTN); 1♂, White Horse Hill, Mt. Cook, 25 X 2009, J. Nunn, litter in podocarp grove (JTN); South Canterbury (SC): 18♂♀, Gunns Bush, Waimate, 23 XII 2006, washed soil in broadleaf forest, J. Nunn (JTN); 1♂ 1♀, Orari Gorge SR, Geraldine, 7 VI 2009, J. Nunn, washed soil in broadleaf forest (JTN); 1♀ (slide-mounted), Pioneer Park, Raincliff, 9 VIII 2009, J. Nunn, washed soil in totara and kahikatea forest (JTN); 1♂, Kelceys Bush, Waimate, 20 I 1966, J. I. Townsend, moss; 1♀, Mt. Dalgety, 1737 m, 19 I 1966, G. W. Ramsay, J. I. Townsend, moss (NZAC).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">This species is distinguished from the other species of this genus by the following combination of characters: body length 2.3-2.6 mm; eyes one-half lengths of temples (Fig. 1C); antennomeres 2-5 longer than wide, 6-10 subquadrate; median lobe of male genitalia divided, major lobe triangular, minor lobe slightly longer and unequally laterally tuberculate near apex (Fig. 3C); parameres nearly symmetrical, setae present from apices to middle (Fig. 3C).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="redescription">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Length 2.3-2.6 mm. Body reddish brown, antennae, legs, maxillary palpi and elytra paler (Fig. 1C). Head round, as long as wide, widest across eyes (Fig. 1C). Antennomere 1 approximately 1.5 times longer than wide, 2-5 longer than wide, 6-10 subquadrate. Eyes one-half lengths of temples. Prosternum as long as wide, widest at apical one-third. Elytra longer than wide (Fig. 1C). Hind wings fully developed. Meso- and metaventrites trapezoidal, longer than wide. Tergite IV with pair of transverse patches of microtrichia reaching middle. Median lobe of genitalia divided, apical lobe triangular, minor lobe slightly longer covered with tubercles (Fig. 3C). Phallobase symmetrical and rounded (Fig. 3C). Parameres symmetrical, setae present from apices to middle (Fig. 3C).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Timaru (SC), New Zealand.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Mackenzie (MK), South Canterbury (SC) (Fig. 4: black squares).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Specimens were collected by soil washing and sifting moss litter in broadleaf or podocarp forests.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName id="4B57756DB2F7A57A71514A96DD2A1117" ID-CoL="5KW9D" authority="Cretzschmar 1828" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1828" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="clivosus" subSpecies="clivosus">
<emphasis id="83209C758B58AEC189FA55228D491821" italics="true" pageNumber="353">Rhinolophus clivosus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="25A718D009F76EE9E4AB6EE5BBF495DD" italics="true" pageNumber="353">clivosus</emphasis>
Cretzschmar 1828
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<taxonomicName id="5B743E0F62B8AE788A206D952181C1C6" ID-CoL="5KW9D" authority="Cretzschmar 1828" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1828" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="clivosus" subSpecies="clivosus">
<emphasis id="041B872A306274681893343222960EBD" italics="true" pageNumber="353">Rhinolophus clivosus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="C97CCE324AAB6DB099E2F9C109333181" italics="true" pageNumber="353">clivosus</emphasis>
Cretzschmar 1828
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="3B7F41ED7C61E57ACFE39E4A16CCCC5F" author="Cretzschmar" pageNumber="353" pagination="47" title="Rhinolophus clivosus subsp. clivosus" volumeTitle="in: Ruppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afr., Zool. Saugeth." year="1828">in: Ruppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afr., Zool. Saugeth.: 47</bibCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="CED87D3F40855F5A57CB50BFC54541E6" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="C614398EB5670782E53F74A3C82CF5A2" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="353">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="451F78CC9D2CED9F3A8205453F60F0D6" country="Saudi Arabia" latitude="27.816668" longitude="35.5" pageNumber="353">
<collectingCountry id="63D3E4AE9C3E405EFA1EB006CC1E456E" name="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
, Red Sea Coast, Muwaylih (= Mohila), (approx.
<geoCoordinate id="4EE70FBB5DC4B4EEF5FF47A4E8C0922D" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="27.816668">27°49'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EB4E7050E317E1D3B607B374CC6A717A" degrees="35" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="35.5">35°30'E</geoCoordinate>
).
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<paragraph id="D39140D0EA0073778416CA29DB0993D4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="0816BD90EA590FAEC9D142EDD1D4649D" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="353">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3ED5BE009D69598A6B74833FCA1CC60D" authority="Thomas 1904" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="clivosus" subSpecies="andersoni">
<emphasis id="4E1B5CEB64AD0654C3BB0A529B2E5CF9" italics="true" pageNumber="353">Rhinolophus clivosus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="3324A1D7B4FC52A0FE408D3A2B4186DC" italics="true" pageNumber="353">andersoni</emphasis>
Thomas 1904
</taxonomicName>
.
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<paragraph id="025A91ACFB8E882E9DF1384E2EFB3DF4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="A7286E8C4EB5B40D5D28A301A5D2D9AD" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="353">Discussion:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3ACBB7120E6F4F18E2E810416BBB2DC3" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferrumequinum">
<emphasis id="671B39FDD52CB4D34E1F0F34672ABBA2" italics="true" pageNumber="353">ferrumequinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group.
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<heading id="2C00FF39FFF2A829B8E39632FED4FB99" bold="true" box="[151,378,1031,1057]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B0F733D6FFF2A829B8E39632FED4FB99" authority="Methodica" box="[151,378,1031,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Tabula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="45839447FFF2A829B8E39632FED4FB99" bold="true" box="[151,378,1031,1057]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tabula Methodica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77484855FFF2A829B8E39667FC1BFAE4" blockId="21.[151,1436,1106,2012]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<materialsCitation id="C79F4208FFF2A829B8E39667FC1FFAE4" collectingDate="1841-07" country="United Kingdom" county="French" location="Reeve" municipality="Of" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
In
<date id="03496E95FFF2A829B8C39667FE84FBD4" box="[183,298,1106,1132]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1841-07">
<collectingDate id="130D977DFFF2A829B8C39667FE84FBD4" box="[183,298,1106,1132]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1841-07">July 1841</collectingDate>
</date>
<location id="72281E8EFFF2A829B9479667FED2FBD4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF5EF943FFF2A82BB8E39632FDBFFEC2:72281E8EFFF2A829B9479667FED2FBD4" box="[307,380,1106,1132]" country="United Kingdom" county="French" municipality="Of" name="Reeve" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Reeve</location>
was in
<location id="72281E8EFFF2A829B9AC9667FDBCFBD4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF5EF943FFF2A82BB8E39632FDBFFEC2:72281E8EFFF2A829B9AC9667FDBCFBD4" box="[472,530,1106,1132]" country="United Kingdom" county="French" municipality="Of" name="Paris" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Paris</location>
seeking recognition for a new system for classifying and arranging the
<location id="72281E8EFFF2A829BD159667FF7DFB2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF5EF943FFF2A82BB8E39632FDBFFEC2:72281E8EFFF2A829BD159667FF7DFB2C" country="United Kingdom" county="French" municipality="Of" name="Mollusca" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Mollusca</location>
he had devised for his
<emphasis id="45839447FFF2A829B98C964EFC88FB2C" box="[504,806,1147,1172]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Conchologia Systematica</emphasis>
. It was simply a
<location id="72281E8EFFF2A829BC74964FFB22FB2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF5EF943FFF2A82BB8E39632FDBFFEC2:72281E8EFFF2A829BC74964FFB22FB2C" box="[1024,1164,1146,1172]" country="United Kingdom" county="French" municipality="Of" name="Lamarckian" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lamarckian</location>
system modified with changes made by
<location id="72281E8EFFF2A829B9069697FE6DFB04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF5EF943FFF2A82BB8E39632FDBFFEC2:72281E8EFFF2A829B9069697FE6DFB04" box="[370,451,1186,1212]" country="United Kingdom" county="French" municipality="Of" name="Cuvier" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Cuvier</location>
,
<location id="72281E8EFFF2A829B9A69697FDE7FB04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF5EF943FFF2A82BB8E39632FDBFFEC2:72281E8EFFF2A829B9A69697FDE7FB04" box="[466,585,1186,1212]" country="United Kingdom" county="French" municipality="Of" name="Blainville" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Blainville</location>
,
<location id="72281E8EFFF2A829BA2C9697FD65FB04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF5EF943FFF2A82BB8E39632FDBFFEC2:72281E8EFFF2A829BA2C9697FD65FB04" box="[600,715,1186,1212]" country="United Kingdom" county="French" municipality="Of" name="Deshayes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Deshayes</location>
, and
<location id="72281E8EFFF2A829BB7B9697FCE5FB04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF5EF943FFF2A82BB8E39632FDBFFEC2:72281E8EFFF2A829BB7B9697FCE5FB04" box="[783,843,1186,1212]" country="United Kingdom" county="French" municipality="Of" name="Gray" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Gray</location>
, with some rearrangement and a few new terms.
<location id="72281E8EFFF2A829B8E396FFFEA8FB5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF5EF943FFF2A82BB8E39632FDBFFEC2:72281E8EFFF2A829B8E396FFFEA8FB5C" box="[151,262,1226,1252]" country="United Kingdom" county="French" municipality="Of" name="Although" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Although</location>
the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF2A829B94D96FEFE6BFB5C" box="[313,453,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<location id="72281E8EFFF2A829B94D96FEFE6BFB5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF5EF943FFF2A82BB8E39632FDBFFEC2:72281E8EFFF2A829B94D96FEFE6BFB5C" box="[313,453,1227,1252]" country="United Kingdom" county="French" municipality="Of" name="Systematica" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Systematica</location>
</emphasis>
was already written, but not yet printed,
<location id="72281E8EFFF2A829BBDD96FFFC5CFB5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF5EF943FFF2A82BB8E39632FDBFFEC2:72281E8EFFF2A829BBDD96FFFC5CFB5C" box="[937,1010,1226,1252]" country="United Kingdom" county="French" municipality="Of" name="Reeve" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Reeve</location>
did not first present his new system in
<collectingCountry id="0FE008C5FFF2A829B8C096C7FEB8FAB4" box="[180,278,1266,1292]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">England</collectingCountry>
but instead submitted it to the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF2A829BA0896C6FC4FFAB4" box="[636,993,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<location id="72281E8EFFF2A829BA0896C6FC4FFAB4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF5EF943FFF2A82BB8E39632FDBFFEC2:72281E8EFFF2A829BA0896C6FC4FFAB4" box="[636,993,1267,1292]" country="United Kingdom" county="French" municipality="Of" name="Academie Royale des Sciences" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Académie Royale des
<location id="72281E8EFFF2A829BB0896C6FC4FFAB4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF5EF943FFF2A82BB8E39632FDBFFEC2:72281E8EFFF2A829BB0896C6FC4FFAB4" box="[892,993,1267,1292]" country="United Kingdom" county="French" municipality="Of" name="Sciences in Paris" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sciences</location>
</location>
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in Paris, presumably to gain publicity and thus impress potential customers and, in turn, assure his acceptance by
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workers.
<collectingMunicipality id="972CD22FFFF2A829BCB8972FFB45FA8C" box="[1228,1259,1306,1332]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Of</collectingMunicipality>
course, expectation of a favorable response from the
<collectingCounty id="9E2930D9FFF2A829BA109777FD1BFAE4" box="[612,693,1346,1372]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">French</collectingCounty>
was extremely naive
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3FED1BDEFFF2A82BB8B3975FFDBFFEC2" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="77484855FFF2A829B8B3975FFE24F80C" blockId="21.[151,1436,1106,2012]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Most biographical notes about Reeve state that he read a paper on his system at a meeting of the “Academy of Sciences of Paris,” based on his own statement to that effect (Reeve 1863a: v). An exception is the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF2A829B8E3978EFEAFFA6C" box="[151,257,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Portraits</emphasis>
biography (
<bibRefCitation id="136635A4FFF2A829B9FA978FFDA1FA6C" author="Hunt, R." box="[398,527,1466,1492]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="85 - 88" refId="ref89024" refString="Hunt, R. (1865) Lovell Reeve, F. L. S., F. G. S. Portraits of Men of Eminence in Literature, Science, and Art, 4, 85 - 88 [with portrait by E. Edwards]." type="journal article" year="1865">Hunt 1865</bibRefCitation>
), which stated only that it “was read.” However, papers read at the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF2A829BD5C978EFA35FA6C" box="[1320,1435,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Académie</emphasis>
were by Academicians themselves or endorsed by an Academician, and the archives of the meeting do not suggest that Reeve’s “communication” was anything other than a submission for review. The original submitted document entitled
<emphasis id="45839447FFF2A829B9E89406FD60F9F4" box="[412,718,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Conchiologia Systematica</emphasis>
, handwritten and bearing his signature, is still in the archives of the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF2A829B892946EFEF7F9CC" box="[230,345,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Académie</emphasis>
attached to a printed cover sheet normally used for submitting manuscripts for review. On this sheet the printed word
<emphasis id="45839447FFF2A829B99794B6FDE2F924" box="[483,588,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Memoire</emphasis>
is crossed out, and
<emphasis id="45839447FFF2A829BB3594B6FC30F924" box="[833,926,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tableau</emphasis>
written in. Appointed as
<emphasis id="45839447FFF2A829BCA294B6FAD5F924" box="[1238,1403,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Commissaires</emphasis>
to study it were MM. Henri M. D. de Blainville (1777–1850), Pierre Flourens (1794–1867), Isidore Geoffroy- Saint-Hilaire (1805–1861) and Henri Milne-Edwards (1800–1885). The fact that Reeve’s
<emphasis id="45839447FFF2A829BCBA94E6FA88F954" box="[1230,1318,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">tableau</emphasis>
had been submitted to the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF2A829B91C94CEFE75F8AC" box="[360,475,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Académie</emphasis>
was announced, together with the names of the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF2A829BC4394CEFB72F8AC" box="[1079,1244,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Commissaires</emphasis>
, in the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF2A829BD3594CEFF4CF884" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Compte Rendu</emphasis>
of the meeting of
<date id="03496E95FFF2A829B9C29517FDEFF884" box="[438,577,1826,1852]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1841-07-05">5 July 1841</date>
. It is considered significant that the correspondent who reported meetings of the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF2A829B897957EFEF8F8DC" box="[227,342,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Académie</emphasis>
to the London
<emphasis id="45839447FFF2A829BA79957EFD61F8DC" box="[525,719,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Literary Gazette</emphasis>
did not mention Reeve or his system in the published report of the 5 July meeting (
<bibRefCitation id="136635A4FFF2A829B9E89547FD2CF834" author="Anonymous" box="[412,642,1906,1932]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="10" refId="ref83518" refString="Anonymous (1841 b) Paris Letter. Academy of Sciences. The Literary Gazette, and Journal of the Belles Lettres, 444. (10 July)" type="journal article" year="1841">Anonymous 1841b</bibRefCitation>
). Surely if a Londoner had read a paper it would have been reported to the London paper.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77484855FFF2A82AB8B395F7FE3BFE1A" blockId="21.[151,1436,1106,2012]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
The
<emphasis id="45839447FFF2A829B88995F6FE0CF864" box="[253,418,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Commissaires</emphasis>
wrote Reeve questioning placement of the cirripeds (barnacles). Reeve’s reply, cited in the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82AB89592ADFE21FF09" box="[225,399,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Compte Rendu</emphasis>
of 19 July (
<bibRefCitation id="136635A4FFF1A82ABA6992ADFCAFFF0A" author="Anonymous" box="[541,769,152,178]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="145 - 146" refId="ref83547" refString="Anonymous (1841 c) [Editorial note quoting letter from Reeve in which he &quot; adresse quelques explications relatives a sa Classification des Mollusques &quot;]. Compte rendu des seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 13 (3), 145 - 146. (19 July)" type="journal article" year="1841">Anonymous 1841c</bibRefCitation>
), was vague. He stated that although he was considering their request, he was leaving them in Mollusca, but would possibly establish a separate phylum before publishing his book. Nothing further was ever heard from the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABB3892DDFC11FEB9" box="[844,959,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Académie</emphasis>
although Reeve wrote in August asking that their report be hastened (
<bibRefCitation id="136635A4FFF1A82AB9819325FD73FE92" author="Anonymous" box="[501,733,272,298]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="388" refId="ref83597" refString="Anonymous (1841 d) [Report of a letter from Reeve asking the Academy to &quot; hater le travail de la Commission chargee de faire un rapport sur sa Classification des mollusques &quot;]. Compte rendu des seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 13 (7), 388. (16 August)" type="journal article" year="1841">Anonymous 1841d</bibRefCitation>
). The matter was seemingly ended there until Reeve wrote again after the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82AB932930DFE7CFEE9" box="[326,466,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Systematica</emphasis>
was published in its entirety, requesting that the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABC7B930DFB2CFEE9" box="[1039,1154,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Académie</emphasis>
promptly issue a verbal report on a work (the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82AB9E69355FDB0FEC1" box="[402,542,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Systematica</emphasis>
) that had been submitted to them as published. Reeve’s message was printed in the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82AB89493BDFE20FE19" box="[224,398,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Compte Rendu</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77484855FFF1A82AB8B39385FACAFE71" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" box="[199,1380,432,458]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
“
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82AB8A09385FF5AFE71" box="[212,244,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M.</emphasis>
L. Reeve
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82AB91E9385FACAFE71" box="[362,1380,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">prie l’Académie de vouloir bien se faire faire, le plus promptement possible, un rapport</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77484855FFF1A82AB8B193EDFACDFE49" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" box="[197,1379,472,497]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82AB8B193EDFACDFE49" box="[197,1379,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">verbal sur un ouvrage de conchyliologie dont il lui a addressé les diverses parties au fur et à mesure</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77484855FFF1A82AB8B19035FD69FDA2" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" box="[197,711,512,538]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82AB8B19035FE05FDA1" box="[197,427,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">de leur publication.</emphasis>
” – (
<bibRefCitation id="136635A4FFF1A82AB9A99035FD10FDA2" author="Anonymous" box="[477,702,512,538]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="563" refId="ref83887" refString="Anonymous (1843 a) [Report of a letter from Reeve asking the Academy to issue a report, le plus promptement possible, on the Conchologia Systematica]. Compte rendu des seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 16 (10), 563. (6 March)" type="journal article" year="1843">Anonymous 1843a</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77484855FFF1A82AB8E3901DFE3EFC12" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Reeve had indeed sent the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82AB994901DFDFAFDF9" box="[480,596,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Académie</emphasis>
parts of the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABA80901DFC2EFDF9" box="[756,896,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Systematica</emphasis>
as issued, and reports of their receipt in the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82AB8E39065FEEAFDD1" box="[151,324,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Compte Rendu</emphasis>
make it possible to date some of the parts. There was never any formal review by the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABD5C9065FA35FDD1" box="[1320,1435,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Académie</emphasis>
of either Reeve’s system or the book. Guérin-Méneville (Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville, 1799–1874) did review the system, under the title
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABA5D9095FBCAFD01" box="[553,1124,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distributio methodica molluscorum testaceorum</emphasis>
, in the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABCCB9095FA3BFD01" box="[1215,1429,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Revue Zoologique</emphasis>
. Although the review appeared in the “
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABA2F90FDFC6AFD59" box="[603,964,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">analyses d’ouvrages nouveaux</emphasis>
” section of that journal, there is no evidence that Guérin-Méneville (1841: 229) had seen anything but Reeve’s manuscript submitted to the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82AB8E3912DFEA5FC89" box="[151,267,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Académie</emphasis>
. In the review he mentioned that the system was to be used in the forthcoming
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABCC4912DFACEFC89" box="[1200,1376,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Conchiliologia</emphasis>
[sic]
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82AB8E39175FE8EFCE1" box="[151,288,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">systematica</emphasis>
. In any event, Guérin-Méneville’s review was quite critical, taking exception not only to the inclusion of the cirripeds, but especially to the inclusion of the Foraminifera, treated by Reeve as
<taxonomicName id="B0F733D6FFF1A82ABD33915DFE3EFC12" authority="Polythalamia." authorityName="Polythalamia." class="Cephalopoda" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="class">Cephalopoda Polythalamia.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77484855FFF1A82AB8B3918DFC56FB9A" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Guérin-Méneville’s severely critical review may have been a polite way for the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABC1F918DFB70FC69" box="[1131,1246,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Académie</emphasis>
to dispense of a formal response to Reeve and was likely the reason for Reeve’s failure to continue his association with the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82AB8E3963DFE2CFB99" box="[151,386,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Société Cuvierienne</emphasis>
and to drop that association from his list of “honors.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77484855FFF1A82AB8B39605FCB9FA82" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<materialsCitation id="C79F4208FFF1A82AB8B39605FCBDFA82" collectingDate="1841-09-28" collectingDateMax="1842-03" collectingDateMin="1841-09-28" country="France" location="Zoological Society of London" municipality="Magazine of Natural History" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="1">
On
<date id="03496E95FFF1A82AB8809605FE73FBF2" box="[244,477,1072,1098]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1841-09-28">
<collectingDate id="130D977DFFF1A82AB8809605FE73FBF2" box="[244,477,1072,1098]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1841-09-28">28 September 1841</collectingDate>
</date>
, Reeve presented his system to the
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under the title
<taxonomicName id="B0F733D6FFF1A82AB8E3966DFD80FBCA" authority="Methodica" authorityName="Methodica" box="[151,558,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Tabula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82AB8E3966DFEDFFBC9" box="[151,369,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tabula Methodica</emphasis>
(Reeve 1842a)
</taxonomicName>
without any mention of
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. The paper states that it is “a plan he intended to adopt in his forthcoming
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABA3D96B5FCDAFB21" box="[585,884,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Conchologia Systematica</emphasis>
.” That paper appeared both in the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABD7F96B5FE11FB79" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Proceedings of the Zoological Society</emphasis>
and the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABA52969DFBA5FB79" box="[550,1035,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Annals and
<collectingMunicipality id="972CD22FFFF1A82ABAC0969DFBA5FB79" box="[692,1035,1192,1217]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Magazine of Natural History</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
and a third time, verbatim except for the actual table, in
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82AB9D496E5FD6FFB51" box="[416,705,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">The Polytechnic Journal</emphasis>
for
<date id="03496E95FFF1A82ABA8696E5FC2FFB52" box="[754,897,1232,1258]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1842-03">
<collectingDate id="130D977DFFF1A82ABA8696E5FC2FFB52" box="[754,897,1232,1258]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1842-03">
March
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</date>
in the form of a review with the addition of a footnote that was effectively an advertisement for the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABB7F96CDFC30FAA9" box="[779,926,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Systematica.</emphasis>
With the exception of the opening sentence and the footnote, it is identical to the other two papers
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77484855FFF1A82AB8B3977DFA21F992" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
In the
<taxonomicName id="B0F733D6FFF1A82AB966977DFE1CFADA" authority="Reeve" authorityName="Reeve" box="[274,434,1352,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Tabula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82AB966977DFECCFAD9" box="[274,354,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tabula</emphasis>
Reeve
</taxonomicName>
did change his classification of the cirripeds. They were placed at the top of the table as Lepades under the heading Subregna. The Lepades included two Orders each with one Family. As in the system presented in
<collectingCountry id="0FE008C5FFF1A82AB9FC97ADFE76FA0A" box="[392,472,1432,1458]" name="France" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">France</collectingCountry>
the cirripeds comprised Class 1 with two Orders, only the terminology needed to be changed. In the more detailed classification only the numbers of the molluscan Classes were affected. In addition to the Lepades, the final
<taxonomicName id="B0F733D6FFF1A82ABA5697DDFDDCF9B9" box="[546,626,1512,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Tabula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABA5697DDFDDCF9B9" box="[546,626,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tabula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
contained only the Mollusca Conchifera, which was subdivided into five Classes, twelve Orders, 44 families and 225 Genera. The Foraminifera remained under the
<taxonomicName id="B0F733D6FFF1A82ABC999425FA25F992" box="[1261,1419,1552,1578]" class="Cephalopoda" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="class">Cephalopoda</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77484855FFF1A82AB8B3940DFECFF91A" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
The
<taxonomicName id="B0F733D6FFF1A82AB888940DFEE2F9E9" box="[252,332,1592,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Tabula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82AB888940DFEE2F9E9" box="[252,332,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tabula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was published as a double-fold table in the front of the
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABBAC940DFBCAF9E9" box="[984,1124,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Systematica</emphasis>
. It was also published as a table in the front of
<bibRefCitation id="136635A4FFF1A82AB9F29455FD0DF9C2" author="Catlow, A. &amp; Reeve, L." box="[390,675,1632,1658]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref85886" refString="Catlow, A. &amp; Reeve, L. (1845) The Conchologist's Nomenclator. Reeve, Brothers, London. [1] + viii + 326 pp." type="book" year="1845">Catlow &amp; Reeve (1845)</bibRefCitation>
under the heading
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABBFC9455FA9DF9C1" box="[904,1331,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Molluscorum Distributio Methodica</emphasis>
with the Lepades omitted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77484855FFF1A82AB8B39485FB95F8D2" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Reeve, in an effort to achieve “equivalency of terms” for the Classes of Mollusca, coined the term Tropiopoda for what we today call the
<taxonomicName id="B0F733D6FFF1A82ABA5794EDFD27F94A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[547,649,1752,1778]" class="Bivalvia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="class">Bivalvia</taxonomicName>
, divided into the Bimusculosa and Unimusculosa, based on two or only one conspicuous adductor muscle. In his
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABAC59535FC96F8A1" box="[689,824,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Initiamenta</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABB1B9535FC74F8A1" box="[879,986,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Elements</emphasis>
(1846 and 1860, 1: 4, footnote) Reeve stated that Prof. Owen (Richard Owen, 1804–1892) had shown that the foot cannot be used for classification and he therefore reverted to the use of Lamellibranchiata, the term then current.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77484855FFF1A82BB8B3954DFC5CFE92" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,152,378]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
It must be remembered that at the time the
<taxonomicName id="B0F733D6FFF1A82ABABE954DFCB3F829" box="[714,797,1912,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Tabula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABABE954DFCB3F829" box="[714,797,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tabula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was introduced, Reeve had published only one paper, describing two species. It was, at best, pretentious of Reeve. The
<taxonomicName id="B0F733D6FFF1A82ABBE39595FC49F801" box="[919,999,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Tabula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABBE39595FC49F801" box="[919,999,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tabula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was certainly not in substance a new system. It was ignored by George Johnston (1797–1855) in
<emphasis id="45839447FFF1A82ABB0395FDFB5EF859" box="[887,1264,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">An Introduction to Conchology</emphasis>
(1850) which included a descriptive summary of various arrangements from Aristotle to Cuvier, Gray and Savigny. In his last chapter Johnston discussed “Recent improvements in the classification of Mollusca.” It included arrangements by Gray, Milne-Edwards, Deshayes, and others, without mention of either Reeve or his
<emphasis id="45839447FFF0A82BBC8792DDFAE5FEB9" box="[1267,1355,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="B0F733D6FFF0A82BBC8792DDFAE9FEB9" box="[1267,1351,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Tabula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tabula</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Reeve noticed this as in a review he criticized that portion of Johnston’s book as
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77484855FFF0A82BB8B3930DFACAFEEA" blockId="23.[151,1436,152,378]" box="[199,1380,312,338]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">“a tedious history of systems, which increases the weight of the book without adding to its useful-</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77484855FFF0A82BB8B39355FDBFFEC2" blockId="23.[151,1436,152,378]" box="[199,529,352,378]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ness.” – (Reeve 1850e: 761)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>