diff --git a/data/2E/E6/2F/2EE62F9EB3B757F29090E71BD64C8FA3.xml b/data/2E/E6/2F/2EE62F9EB3B757F29090E71BD64C8FA3.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9fe16ae778a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/2E/E6/2F/2EE62F9EB3B757F29090E71BD64C8FA3.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1161 @@ + + + +New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin + + + +Author + +Betters, Melissa J. +0000-0002-8975-257X +Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA + + + +Author + +Cortés, Jorge +0000-0001-7004-8649 +(CIMAR) Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica + + + +Author + +Cordes, Erik E. +0000-0002-6989-2348 +Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-10-09 + + +1214 + + +281 +324 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594 +487E305B-E2EF-4D96-8940-4C4141C0BA91 + + + + + +Bathyacmaea levinae + +sp. nov. + + + + +Fig. 3 + + + + +Type material examined. + + + + + +Holotype + +. + +Costa Rica +• whole organism; ethanol-fixed; +Original +label: “ + +Bathyacmaea levinae + +holotype +, 1, whole organism, AD 4971, +Costa Rica +Margin, Jaco Scar, + +9.11785 +, +- 84.8407 + +, + +1800 m + +, from tubeworms. ”; +SIO-BIC +M 22535 + +. + + +Paratypes + +: • +Same +data as for holotype. +Original +label: “ + +Bathyacmaea levinae + +paratype +, 1, whole organism, AD 4971, +Costa Rica +Margin, Jaco Scar, + +9.11785 +, +- 84.8407 + +, + +1800 m + +, from tubeworms. ”. +SIO-BIC +M 22536. +Costa Rica + +• + +2 specimens +; same data as for holotype; +Original +label: “ + +Bathyacmaea levinae + +paratype +, 2, whole organisms, AD 4971, +Costa Rica +Margin, Jaco Scar, + +9.11785 +, +- 84.8407 + +, + +1720–1820 m + +, from tubeworms. ”; +MZUCR 10674-01 +- +02 +. +Costa Rica + +• + +2 specimens +; +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Quepos Seep +, + +9.03174 +, +- 84.62158 + +; hydrocarbon seep; mussels; + +1,409 m + +; + +7 June 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive 4924 leg + +.; + +Paratype +; whole organism; ethanol-fixed; +Original +label: “ + +Bathyacmaea levinae + +paratype +, 2, whole organisms, AD 4924, +Costa Rica +Margin, Quepos Seep, + +9.03174 +, +- 84.62158 + +, + +1409 m + +, from mussels. ”; +SIO-BIC +M 22532. +Costa Rica + +• + +2 specimens +; +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Quepos Seep +, + +9.03174 +, +- 84.62158 + +; hydrocarbon seep; mussels; + +1,409 m + +; + +7 June 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive 4924 leg + +.; +Paratype +, whole organism; ethanol-fixed; Original label: “ + +Bathyacmaea levinae + +paratype +, 2, whole organisms, AD 4924, +Costa Rica +Margin, Quepos Seep, + +9.03174 +, +- 84.62158 + +, +1409 m +, from mussels. ”; +MZUCR +10672-02 - 03. + + + + +Type locality. + + +Costa Rica +• + +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +, + +9.11785 +, +- 84.8407 + +; hydrocarbon seep; tubeworms; + +1,720–1,820 m + +; + +17 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive 4971 leg + +. + + + + +Other material examined. + + +Costa Rica +• + +5 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.117375, - 84.8397 +; + +1,811 m + +; + +26 May 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4911 leg.; +Tubeworm +, +Erik Cordes Personal Collection +( +EC +) 5739 + +• + +5 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.117375, - 84.8397 +; + +1,794 m + +; + +29 May 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4914 leg.; +Mussel, EC +5760 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.11753, - 84.83953 +; + +1,886 m + +; + +29 May 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4914 leg.; +Mussel +, +Scripps Benthic Invertebrate Collection +( +SIO-BIC +) +M 16154 + +• + +5 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.117368, - 84.839661 +; + +1,796 m + +; + +30 May 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4915 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +5815 + +• + +10 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Quepos Seep +; +9.03048, - 84.6202 +; + +1,409 m + +; + +7 June 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4924 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 16201 + +• + +10 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Quepos Seep +; +9.03048, - 84.6202 +; + +1,409 m + +; + +7 June 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4924 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 16179 + +• + +10 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +8.97043, - 84.8429167 +; + +1,724 m + +; + +17 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4971 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +7745 + +• + +10 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +8.97043, - 84.8429167 +; + +1,724 m + +; + +17 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4971 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +7420 + +• + +10 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +8.97043, - 84.8429167 +; + +1,724 m + +; + +17 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4971 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +7419 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.117433333, - 84.83961667 +; + +1,796 m + +; + +17 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4971 leg.; +Tubeworm +, +SIO-BIC +M 16731 + +• + +10 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +8.97071, - 84.8372817 +; + +1,785 m + +; + +18 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4972 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +7336 + +• + +10 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +8.97071, - 84.8372817 +; + +1,785 m + +; + +18 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4972 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +7320 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.11735, - 84.83958333 +; + +1,795 m + +; + +18 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4972 leg.; +Tubeworm +, +SIO-BIC +M 16795 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.11785, - 84.83952833 +; + +1,784 m + +; + +19 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4973 leg.; +Tubeworm +, +SIO-BIC +M 16748 + +• + +10 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +8.97067, - 84.839533 +; + +1,783 m + +; + +23 10 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4977 leg.; +Mussel, EC +7548 + +• + +11 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.117567, - 84.840718 +; + +1,760 m + +; + +4 November 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4989 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +8894 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.117783333, - 84.83945 +; + +1,783 m + +; + +4 November 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4989 leg.; +Rock +, +SIO-BIC +M 16943 + +• + +8 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Quepos Seep +; +9.031816667, - 84.62048333 +; + +1,400 m + +; + +5 November 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4990 leg.; +Mussel +, +SIO-BIC +M 17001 + +• + +4 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Quepos Seep +; +9.031816667, - 84.62048333 +; + +1,400 m + +; + +5 November 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4990 leg.; +Mussel +, +SIO-BIC +M 16988 + +• + +2 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Quepos Seep +; +9.031816667, - 84.62055 +; + +1,401 m + +; + +5 November 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4990 leg.; +Combined Slurp +, +SIO-BIC +M 16920 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; + +9.1174 +, +- 84.839855 + +; + +1,803.1 m + +; + +7 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +214 leg.; +Rock, EC +9345 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.117775, - 84.839525 +; + +1,803 m + +; + +7 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +214 leg.; +Rock, EC +9338 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.1174, - 84.839855 +; + +1,803 m + +; + +7 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +214 leg.; +Rock, EC +9337 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; + +9.1174 +, +- 84.839855 + +; + +1,812.41 m + +; + +7 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +214 leg.; +Mussel, EC +9323 + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +From tubeworms, + +Bathyacmaea levinae + +sp. nov. +may be diagnosed by their flat, serrated radular teeth and high, conical shells lacking any obvious axial sculpturing. On mussels, + +Bathyacmaea levinae + +sp. nov. +may be diagnosed through the combination of their ovate, evenly sloped, flattened shells lacking any obvious axial sculpturing with their radular characteristics. At the time of publication, these are the only + +Bathyacmaea +species + +known from the Eastern Pacific Ocean. + + + + +Description. + + +Shell +(Figs +3 A, B +, +5 +): Specimens exhibit uncoiled, patelliform shells. +Holotype +measures +8.1 mm +in length, +5.2 mm +in width, and +4.7 mm +in maximum height. Shell roundness (width ÷ length) is 0.65. Shell sculpturing and ornamentation lacking but fine radial growth lines are present. Very fine axial striations present but not raised. Aperture opening is ovate and aperture lip is thick and unornamented. Shell slope is flattened to mildly convex. Shell apex is degraded and centrally located. Protoconch is unknown. Shell is thick, white, and semi-translucent. Shell microstructures are (in order from the outermost shell layer to the innermost): irregular spherulitic prismatic type-A, semi-foliated, concentric crossed lamellar structures, and radial crossed lamellar structures (Fig. +5 +). + + +Soft parts +(Fig. +3 C +): Soft tissue is white-to-yellowish in color. Mantle is thick with a flat margin. Foot follows the shape of the shell aperture in terms of its roundness. Margin of the foot sole is flat. Pallial tentacles are lacking. Operculum is absent. Two cephalic tentacles are present which are short, thick, and placed low on the head. Bipectinate gill extends from behind animal’s right cephalic tentacle. Eyes are absent. Oral lappets are absent but the oral opening is lined with thickened tissue ornamented with very fine frilling. + + +Radula +(Fig. +3 P – R +): Radula was obtained from the sequenced specimen (Fig. +3 G – I +), whose shell measured +10 mm +in length, 7.0 mm in width, and +6.8 mm +in height. Docoglossate radula with formula 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 0. Radular ribbon measures ~ 240 µm across. Rachidian teeth highly diminished and obscured by laterals. Lateral teeth are long, robust, and consisting of three distinct cusps that appear to be fused together. Lateral teeth may measure up to 400 µm in length. The first, most anterior, cusp forms a single sharp hook lacking denticle. The second cusp is longer than the first and falls in line with the third cusp such that it creates one continuous ridge. Eight or nine short, sharp denticles are present on this second cusp. The third, most posterior, cusp is the longest (~ 3 × the length of the second cusp) and forms a robust, serrated ridge with 25 or more short, sharp denticles that are indistinguishable from those on the second cusp. The third cusp’s posterior end curves inward towards the radular ribbon. The connecting point of the lateral teeth to the radular ribbon is located near the posterior end of the third cusp. Marginal teeth lacking. + + + + +Variation. + + +Two distinct morphotypes of + +Bathyacmaea levinae + +sp. nov. +are herein identified: One inhabiting tubeworms (Fig. +3 A – I +), and one inhabiting mussel shells (Fig. +3 J – O +). +Holotype +description applies to specimens found on tubeworms. + +Bathyacmaea levinae + +sp. nov. +found on mussel shells differ in that they exhibit rounder apertures, flatter shell margins, lower shell profiles, and greater apex erosion (Fig. +3 J – N +). +Paratype +specimens from mussel shells measure between 7.9–11.0 mm in length, 6.4–9.0 mm in width, and 3.0– +4.5 mm +in height. Measures of shell roundness (width ÷ length) for these +paratypes +are all between 0.81–0.85, distinguishing them from the roundness of the +holotype +(0.65). + + +Radulae of specimens found on mussels also differ (Fig. +3 S – U +). Formula remains 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 with tricuspid laterals, reduced rachidian teeth, and no marginals. All cusps of the lateral teeth are located at the very anterior end of a long, thin tooth shaft which connects to the radular ribbon at its far posterior end (Fig. +3 S +). The first, most anterior cusp of the lateral teeth is similar between morphotypes, being sharp, hooked, and lacking denticles. The second cusp of specimens found on mussels resembles the first cusp in terms of thickness, but with a blunt outer edge that lacks denticles and points forward (perpendicular to the radular ribbon). The third, most posterior cusp is short, thick, lacking denticles, and is fused with the second cusp. This third cusp is truncated and forms a sharp barb which faces outwards when situated on the radular ribbon. Under-developed teeth of this species (Fig. +3 V +) further differ. Rachidian and minor lateral teeth are highly reduced; Reduced minor lateral teeth present as thin and strand-like with pointed anterior ends. Major laterals exhibit broad, un-serrated cusps whose outermost end is twisted backwards, forming a lemniscate shape. The first tooth cusp forms a sharp barb, similar to the mature radular tooth (Fig. +3 S +). + + + + +Distribution. + + + +Bathyacmaea levinae + +sp. nov. +has been collected from the hydrocarbon seep sites “ Jaco Scar ” ( +9.12, - 84.84 +) and “ Quepos Seep ” ( +9.03, - 84.62 +) at the Pacific +Costa Rica +Margin. This species was sampled from both mussels and tubeworms between + +1,400 +–1,890 +m + +depth. + + + + +Remarks. + + +Measurements of + +Bathyacmaea levinae + +sp. nov. +across the entire, sampled size range at the +CRM +found divergent trends in growth between substrates culminating in the morphological differences observed (Fig. +4 +). These substrate-determined differences support previous studies that demonstrate radula and shell variability in + +Bathyacmaea +( +Chen et al. 2019 +) + +. + +Bathyacmaea levinae + +sp. nov. +found on mussels at the +CRM +most closely resemble the species + +Bathyacmaea nipponica +Okutani, Tsuchida & Fujikura, 1992 + +. However, + +Bathyacmaea levinae + +sp. nov. +are genetically distinct from this species for both the mitochondrial +CO 1 +gene and the nuclear histone- 3 gene. Furthermore, the inner shell layers of + +Bathyacmaea levinae + +sp. nov. +are comprised of concentric and radial crossed lamellar microstructures only, distinguishing them from + +Bathyacmaea nipponica + +, whose inner shell layers display an interspersion of semi-foliated microstructures and crossed lamellar structures ( +Sato et al. 2020 +). + +Bathyacmaea levinae + +sp. nov. +from mussel shells also closely resemble + +Bathyacmaea subnipponica +Sasaki, 2003 + +, but lack its cancellated shell sculpture. + +Bathyacmaea levinae + +sp. nov. +found on tubeworms most closely resemble + +Bathyacmaea kanesunosensis +Sasaki, 2003 + +, though its distribution is highly distinct from our specimens. Due to a lack of sequences published for + +B. kanesunosensis + +, their genetic distinction remains unknown. At the time of publication, + +Bathyacmaea levinae + +sp. nov. +is the only + +Bathyacmaea +species + +found in the Eastern Pacific. + + + + +Etymology. + +This species is named for Dr. Lisa A. Levin from Scripps Institute of Oceanography for her significant contribution to deep-sea knowledge, especially in regard to hydrocarbon seeps. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/38/2D/F2/382DF24A71EA5C3482B65CBD31C5BA5D.xml b/data/38/2D/F2/382DF24A71EA5C3482B65CBD31C5BA5D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7c8e954e12d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/38/2D/F2/382DF24A71EA5C3482B65CBD31C5BA5D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,490 @@ + + + +New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin + + + +Author + +Betters, Melissa J. +0000-0002-8975-257X +Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA + + + +Author + +Cortés, Jorge +0000-0001-7004-8649 +(CIMAR) Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica + + + +Author + +Cordes, Erik E. +0000-0002-6989-2348 +Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-10-09 + + +1214 + + +281 +324 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594 +487E305B-E2EF-4D96-8940-4C4141C0BA91 + + + + + +Lepetodrilus guaymasensis +McLean, 1988 + + + + + +Fig. 9 + + + + +New records. + + +Costa Rica +• + +13 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.117323, - 84.839671 +; + +1,795 m + +; + +27 May 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4912 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +5737 + +• + +3 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.117368, - 84.839662 +; + +1,796 m + +; + +30 May 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4915 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +5811 + +• + +10 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.930395 +, +- 84.3124245 + +; + +995 m + +; + +1 June 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4917 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +5798 + +• + +48 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; +8.93046775 +, +84.31244503 +; + +998 m + +; + +5 June 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4922 leg.; +Mussel, EC +5746 + +• + +2 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +8.97067, - 84.839533 +; + +1,783 m + +; + +23 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4977 leg.; +Mussel, EC +7553 + +• + +247 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.9307 +, +- 84.3128183 + +; + +997 m + +; + +30 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4984 leg.; +Mussel, EC +8313 + +• + +5 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.92983 +, +- 84.3131 + +; + +995 m + +; + +2 November 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4987 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +8562 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.117775, - 84.839525 +; + +1,803 m + +; + +7 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +214 leg.; +Rock, EC +9336 + +• + +319 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; + +9.11741 +, +- 84.839632 + +; + +1,812.41 m + +; + +7 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +214 leg.; +Mussel, EC +9330 + +• + +2 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +The Thumb +; + +9.048849447 +, +- 84.39383397 + +; + +1,071.5 m + +; + +10 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +217 leg.; +Mussel, EC +9500 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +The Thumb +; +9.048835323, - 84.39417277 +; + +1,075 m + +; + +10 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +217 leg.; +Mussel, EC +9488 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +The Thumb +; +9.048821, - 84.394156 +; + +1,074 m + +; + +10 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +217 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +9480 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +The Thumb +; +9.048871, - 84.393744 +; + +1,073 m + +; + +10 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +217 leg.; +Mussel, EC +9468 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +The Thumb +; +9.048836, - 84.393773 +; + +1,072 m + +; + +10 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +217 leg.; +Mussel, EC +9451 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +The Thumb +; +9.048866, - 84.394112 +; + +1,073 m + +; + +10 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +217 leg.; +Mussel, EC +9434 + +. + + + + +Remarks. + + +Specimens of + +Lepetodrilus guaymasensis + +are herein confirmed from the hydrocarbon seep sites “ Jaco Scar ” ( +9.12, - 84.84 +), “ Quepos Seep ” ( +9.03, - 84.62 +), “ Mound 12 ” ( +8.93, - 84.31 +), and “ The Thumb ” ( +9.05, - 84.39 +) from the Pacific +Costa Rica +Margin. This species was sampled from mussels, tubeworms, and rocks between +995–1,800 m +depth. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/61/CB/52/61CB524EBC045225BD2836E00EC5EC20.xml b/data/61/CB/52/61CB524EBC045225BD2836E00EC5EC20.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3bffc594a98 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/61/CB/52/61CB524EBC045225BD2836E00EC5EC20.xml @@ -0,0 +1,306 @@ + + + +New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin + + + +Author + +Betters, Melissa J. +0000-0002-8975-257X +Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA + + + +Author + +Cortés, Jorge +0000-0001-7004-8649 +(CIMAR) Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica + + + +Author + +Cordes, Erik E. +0000-0002-6989-2348 +Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-10-09 + + +1214 + + +281 +324 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594 +487E305B-E2EF-4D96-8940-4C4141C0BA91 + + + + + +Pseudolepetodrilus costaricensis + +sp. nov. + + + + +Fig. 9 + + + + +Type material examined. + + + + +Holotype + +: +Costa Rica +• whole organism; ethanol-fixed; +Original +label: “ + +Pseudolepetodrilus costaricensis + +holotype +, 1, whole organism, AD 4989, +Costa Rica +Margin, Jaco Scar, + +9.11785 +, +- 84.8407 + +, + +1760 m + +, from tubeworms. ”; +SIO-BIC +M 22534 + +. + + +Paratypes + +: +Costa Rica + +• + +1 specimen +; same data as for holotype; +Original +label: “ + +Pseudolepetodrilus costaricensis + +paratype +, 1, whole organism, AD 4989, +Costa Rica +Margin, Jaco Scar, + +9.11785 +, +- 84.8407 + +, + +1760 m + +, from tubeworms. ”; +MZCR 10673-01 + +. + + + + +Type locality. + + +Costa Rica +• + +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +, + +9.11785 +, +- 84.8407 + +; hydrocarbon seep; tubeworms; + +1,760 m + +; + +4 November 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive 4989 leg + +. + + + + +Other material examined. + + +Costa Rica +• + +4 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.11785, - 84.8407 +; + +1,760 m + +; + +4 November 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive 4989 leg.; Tubeworm; EC 10483 + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + + +Pseudolepetodrilus costaricensis + +sp. nov. +can be diagnosed by their unique “ wing-shaped ” first major lateral tooth on their radula and through genetic characterization of the mitochondrial +CO 1 +gene. + + + + +Description. + + +Shell +(Fig. +9 G, H +): Specimens exhibit patelliform shells with very small, truncated whorl at the posterior end of the shell. +Holotype +measures +3.7 mm +in length, +2.8 mm +in width, and +1.3 mm +in maximum height. Shell roundness (width ÷ length) is ~ 0.75. Sinuous, concentric radial sculpturing present on shell with fine axial striations which intersect the radial sculpture to form very small, raised bumps. The aperture opening is ovate and unornamented. The aperture lip is thick and unornamented. The shell margin is flat. Posterior shell slope is flattened while the anterior shell slope is rounded. Shell apex is posteriorly shifted. Shell is robust with a thick, greenish brown periostracum covering the outer shell and wrapping over the aperture lip. + + +Soft parts +(Fig. +9 I, M +): Soft tissue is light greenish-to-yellowish in color. Mantle margin is thick and irregular and envelopes the body tissue. Three pairs of posterior epipodial tentacles are present. These tentacles descend in length, with the most anterior one being the longest and the most posterior one being the shortest. Posterior tentacles do not extend past the mantle margin. Two broad, fleshy, anterior tentacles are located approximately midway up and on either side of the foot margin. Two cephalic tentacles are present that are fleshy and triangular in shape and thicker than the epipodial tentacles. The mouth has a distinctive Y-shaped opening lacking thickened tissue. Elongated oral lappets are present. The penis originates from below the right cephalic tentacle. Operculum is absent. + + +Radula +(Fig. +9 N, O +): Rhipidoglossate radula. Rachidian teeth have very short shafts and sharp, triangular cusps. The anterior end of each cusp is flat while the pointed ends lack denticles. Rachidian teeth are flanked by one major lateral tooth on each side. Major laterals have broad, wing-shaped cusps that extend higher than the rachidian teeth. The outer edges of these cusps are serrated with ~ 16 short denticles. Three minor laterals follow which have long, sharp, triangular cusps whose outer edge is serrated with short denticles, but whose inner edges are not. The anterior edge of these minor laterals is slightly convex. The fourth, minor lateral teeth also have long, sharp, triangular cusps like the preceding three, but with serrations along both their inner and outer edges. Marginal teeth number ≥ 15 and exhibit rounded, spatulate cusps that are lined with ~ 40 denticles each. Denticles on each marginal tooth are elongated posteriorly and shorten as one moves anteriorly. Marginal cusps are located at the anterior end of a long, thin tooth shaft which connects to the radular ribbon at its base. Morphological transitions between major laterals, minor laterals, and marginal teeth are continuous. + + + + +Distribution. + + + +Pseudolepetodrilus costaricensis + +sp. nov. +is confirmed from the hydrocarbon seep sites “ Jaco Scar ” ( +9.12, - 84.84 +) at the Pacific +Costa Rica +Margin. This species was sampled from tubeworms at +1,760 m +depth. + + + + +Remarks. + + +Shells of this species notably do not narrow at their anterior ends, similar to + +L. shannonae +( +Warén and Bouchet 2009 +) + +. Radulae most closely resembled those of + +L. guaymasensis + +. However, unlike this species, the central teeth of + +P. costaricensis + +are larger and lack denticles on their cusps. Further, their first lateral teeth have a shape that is distinct from + +L. guaymasensis + +, exhibiting an even, sloping outer ridge. + + + + +Etymology. + + +The species name + +costaricensis + +refers to the Pacific +Costa Rica +Margin, the geographic location where this species, and its genus, was first discovered. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/6A/7C/CB/6A7CCB6C9F96562592209EAB3AA0D7C8.xml b/data/6A/7C/CB/6A7CCB6C9F96562592209EAB3AA0D7C8.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9a3dfe5c418 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/6A/7C/CB/6A7CCB6C9F96562592209EAB3AA0D7C8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1708 @@ + + + +New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin + + + +Author + +Betters, Melissa J. +0000-0002-8975-257X +Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA + + + +Author + +Cortés, Jorge +0000-0001-7004-8649 +(CIMAR) Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica + + + +Author + +Cordes, Erik E. +0000-0002-6989-2348 +Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-10-09 + + +1214 + + +281 +324 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594 +487E305B-E2EF-4D96-8940-4C4141C0BA91 + + + + + +Paralepetopsis variabilis + +sp. nov. + + + + +Fig. 6 + + + + +Type material examined. + + + + + +Holotype + +. + +Costa Rica +• whole organism; ethanol-fixed; +Original +label: “ + +Paralepetopsis variabilis + +holotype +, 1, whole organism, AD 4987, +Costa Rica +Margin, Mound 12, + +8.92982 +, +- 84.31167 + +, + +996 m + +, from tubeworms. ”; +SIO-BIC +M 22537 + +. + + +Paratypes + +: +Costa Rica + +• + +9 specimens +; same data as for holotype; +Original +label: “ + +Paralepetopsis variabilis + +paratype +, 9, whole organisms, AD 4987, +Costa Rica +Margin, Mound 12, + +8.92982 +, +- 84.31167 + +, + +996 m + +, from tubeworms. ”; +SIO-BIC +M 22538. +Costa Rica + +• + +10 specimens +; same data as for holotype; +Original +label: “ + +Paralepetopsis variabilis + +paratype +, 10, whole organisms, AD 4987, +Costa Rica +Margin, Mound 12, + +8.9298 +, +- 84.31167 + +, + +996 m + +, from tubeworms. ”; +MZCR 10675-01 +- +10 + +. + + + + +Type locality. + + +Costa Rica +• + +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12, + +8.92982 +, +- 84.31167 + +; hydrocarbon seep; tubeworms; + +996 m + +; + +2 November 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive 4987 leg + +. + + + + +Other material examined. + + +Costa Rica +• + +11 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +11; +8.9208, - 84.3054 +; + +1,040 m + +; + +25 February 2009 + +; AT 15-44 +ALVIN +Dive +4504 leg.; +Tubeworm +, +SIO-BIC +M 11995 + +• + +3 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.1172, - 84.8417 +; + +1,866 m + +; + +3 March 2009 + +; AT 15-44 +ALVIN +Dive +4509 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 12037 + +• + +10 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; +8.9305, - 84.3123 +; + +1,001 m + +; + +5 March 2009 + +; AT 15-44 +ALVIN +Dive +4511 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 12058 + +• + +25 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.93042 +, +- 84.31278 + +; + +999 m + +; + +22 May 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4907 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 16114 + +• + +9 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.11538, - 84.83618 +; + +1,859 m + +; + +27 May 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4912 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 16126 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.11538, - 84.83618 +; + +1,859 m + +; + +27 May 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4912 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 16122 + +• + +5 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.117368, - 84.839661 +; + +1,796 m + +; + +30 May 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4915 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +5815 + +• + +3 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.117368, - 84.839661 +; + +1,796 m + +; + +30 May 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4915 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +5769 + +• + +7 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.117368, - 84.839661 +; + +1,796 m + +; + +30 May 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4915 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +5731 + +• + +49 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.118023533, - 84.84095552 +; + +1,741 m + +; + +31 May 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4916 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +5783 + +• + +11 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.1193, - 84.84277 +; + +1,854 m + +; + +31 May 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4916 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 16170 + +• + +3 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.930395 +, +- 84.3124245 + +; + +995 m + +; + +1 June 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4917 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +5794 + +• + +3 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; +8.9293, - 84.315 +; + +1,000 m + +; + +1 June 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4917 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 16161 + +• + +81 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.93046775 +, +- 84.31244503 + +; + +998 m + +; + +5 June 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4922 leg.; +Mussel, EC +5743 + +• + +2 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Quepos Seep +; +9.03048, - 84.6202 +; + +1,409 m + +; + +7 June 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4924 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 16200 + +• + +8 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Quepos Seep +; +9.03048, - 84.6202 +; + +1,409 m + +; + +7 June 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4924 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 16182 + +• + +15 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Quepos Seep +; +9.03048, - 84.6202 +; + +1,409 m + +; + +7 June 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4924 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 16181 + +• + +5 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +8.97043, - 84.8429167 +; + +1,724 m + +; + +17 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4971 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +7751 + +• + +156 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +8.97043, - 84.8429167 +; + +1,724 m + +; + +17 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4971 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +7750 + +• + +3 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +8.97043, - 84.8429167 +; + +1,724 m + +; + +17 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4971 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +7745 + +• + +10 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +8.97043, - 84.8429167 +; + +1,724 m + +; + +17 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4971 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +7744 + +• + +3 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +8.97043, - 84.8429167 +; + +1,724 m + +; + +17 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4971 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +10486 + +• + +16 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +8.97043, - 84.8429167 +; + +1,724 m + +; + +17 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4971 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +10471 + +• + +63 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.117433333, - 84.83961667 +; + +1,796 m + +; + +17 10 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4971 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 16752 + +• + +3 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.117433333, - 84.83961667 +; + +1,796 m + +; + +17 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4971 leg.; +Rock +, +SIO-BIC +M 16733 + +• + +123 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +8.97071, - 84.8373 +; + +1,785 m + +; + +18 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4972 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +7346 + +• + +6 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +8.97071, - 84.8373 +; + +1,785 m + +; + +18 10 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4972 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +7343 + +• + +25 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.11785, - 84.83728 +; + +1,785 m + +; + +18 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4972 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +7340 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.11735, - 84.83958333 +; + +1,795 m + +; + +18 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4972 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 16796 + +• + +37 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.1178, - 88.839533 +; + +1,783 m + +; + +23 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4977 leg.; +Mussel, EC +7556 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.11775, - 84.83953333 +; + +1,783 m + +; + +23 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4977 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 16805 + +• + +64 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.9308 +, +- 84.31263 + +; + +997 m + +; + +24 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4978 leg.; +Mussel, EC +10473 + +• + +37 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.9308 +, +- 84.31263 + +; + +997 m + +; + +24 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4978 leg.; +Mussel, EC +10472 + +• + +425 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.9307 +, +- 84.3128 + +; + +997 m + +; + +30 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4984 leg.; +Mussel, EC +8314 + +• + +30 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.9307 +, +- 84.3128 + +; + +997 m + +; + +30 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4984 leg.; +Mussel, EC +10477 + +• + +20 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.9307 +, +- 84.3128 + +; + +997 m + +; + +30 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4984 leg.; +Mussel, EC +10476 + +• + +6 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.9299 +, +- 84.31299 + +; + +995 m + +; + +31 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4985 leg.; +Mussel, EC +10478 + +• + +100 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.92983 +, +- 84.31167 + +; + +995 m + +; + +2 November 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4987 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +8615 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.117783333, - 84.83944667 +; + +1,785 m + +; + +4 November 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4989 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 16974 + +• + +2 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.117783333, - 84.83944667 +; + +1,785 m + +; + +4 November 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4989 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 16973 + +• + +2 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Quepos Seep +; +9.031816667, - 84.62048333 +; + +1,400 m + +; + +5 November 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4990 leg.; +Mussel +, +SIO-BIC +M 16995 + +• + +2 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Quepos Seep +; +9.031816667, - 84.62048333 +; + +1,400 m + +; + +5 November 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4990 leg.; +Mussel +, +SIO-BIC +M 16994 + +• + +3 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Quepos Seep +; +9.031816667, - 84.62048333 +; + +1,400 m + +; + +5 November 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4990 leg.; +Mussel +, +SIO-BIC +M 16991 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +The Thumb +; +9.1174, - 84.839855 +; + +1,074 m + +; + +7 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +214 leg.; +Mussel, EC +9348 + +• + +10 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +The Thumb +; +9.1174, - 84.839855 +; + +1,074 m + +; + +7 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +214 leg.; +Mussel, EC +9328 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +The Thumb +; +9.1174, - 84.839855 +; + +1,074 m + +; + +7 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +214 leg.; +Mussel, EC +9327 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +The Thumb +; +9.05, - 84.4 +; + +1,074 m + +; + +10 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +217 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +9480 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +The Thumb +; +9.05, - 84.4 +; + +1,074 m + +; + +10 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +217 leg.; +Mussel, EC +9468 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +The Thumb +; +9.05, - 84.4 +; + +1,074 m + +; + +10 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +217 leg.; +Mussel, EC +9451 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +The Thumb +; +9.05, - 84.4 +; + +1,074 m + +; + +10 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +217 leg.; +Mussel, EC +9434 + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + + +Paralepetopsis variabilis + +sp. nov. +may be diagnosed by their ovate, white, semi-translucent shells showing fine, radial growth rings. This species also exhibits two cephalic tentacles which are short (they do not extend past the outer shell margin) and placed low on the head. Soft tissue is whiteish-yellow in color. However, the most reliable way to diagnose + +Paralepetopsis variabilis + +sp. nov. +is through DNA characterization, as morphology is highly variable within this species and intersects with other known species in the genus. + + + + +Description. + + +Shell +(Fig. +6 A, B +): Specimen exhibits uncoiled, patelliform shell. +Holotype +measures +6.8 mm +in length, +4.1 mm +in width, and +2.9 mm +in maximum height. Shell roundness (width ÷ length) is ~ 0.61. Shell sculpturing and ornamentation lacking but fine radial growth lines are present. Aperture opening is ovate and aperture lip is thin and unornamented. Shell apex is degraded and anteriorly shifted. Anterior and posterior shell slopes are flattened to mildly convex. Shell is very thin, white, and semi-translucent. + + +Soft parts +(Fig. +6 C +): Soft tissue is white to yellowish in color. Mantle is thick with a mildly crumpled margin. Foot follows the shape of the shell aperture in terms of its roundness. Margin of the foot sole is flat. Pallial tentacles are lacking. Operculum is absent. Two cephalic tentacles are present which are short, thick, and placed low on the head. Eyes are absent. Very reduced oral lappets are present, as well as thickened tissue around the mouth ornamented with very fine frilling. The animal’s head has a slight brownish coloration and a high profile. + + +Radula +(Fig. +6 S +): Docoglossate radula with formula 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2. Rachidian teeth have long shapes, with large triangular cusps at their anterior ends lacking serration. Rachidian teeth are flanked on either side by a pair of minor lateral teeth that are similar in shape to the rachidian. These two minor laterals also have triangular cusps lacking serrations and are slightly rotated inwards. The third (major) lateral tooth is distinct from the other two laterals, in that its cusp is very broad, flat, and perpendicular to the radular ribbon with 9–13 small serrations along its edge. These serrations become less pronounced near the tooth’s outer end. These major laterals are not in line with the others, being set slightly lower, approximately midway between the rows of rachidian and minor lateral teeth. There are two marginal teeth set on the outer edge and just below the major laterals. Marginals have very short, semi-lunate cusps that lack serrations. First outer marginals are ~ 2 × the size of the second outer marginals. + + + + +Variation. + + + +Paralepetopsis variabilis + +sp. nov. +exhibits significant shell variation across specimens which makes distinguishing species based on morphology alone difficult. Shells may measure +5–10 mm +with shell roundness varying between 0.6 and 0.8. While all specimens exhibit uncoiled, patelliform shells, specimens may exhibit axial sculpturing, radial sculpturing, both, or neither. Shell margins may vary in that they may be flat, convex, or rounded. Shell apexes were unanimously degraded and anteriorly shifted, but the degree of this erosion varies; Some shells have only the protoconch degraded, while others have the majority of their outer shell degraded. Anterior and posterior shell slopes may be flat or mildly rounded. Shells may be thickened, very thin, yellowish, white, or semi-translucent. + + +Radulae of this species are somewhat variable, with the third major lateral teeth being at noticeably different angles depending on the individual and, potentially, the substrate (Fig. +6 S – V +). The first major lateral teeth imaged from a specimen collected from tubeworms were perpendicular to the radular ribbon (Fig. +6 S +), those collected from plastic were comparatively rotated outwards (Fig. +6 U +), and those collected from mussels were comparatively rotated inwards (Fig. +6 V +). The presence or absence of marginal teeth also varies (Fig. +6 T +), which may be dependent on the amount of wear on the radula or the stage of radular tooth development. This hypothesis, however, requires further testing to validate. + +The mantle and foot margins of specimens may vary from flat to crumpled. Coloration of soft tissues varies between specimens, with some exhibiting a distinct blue-to-purple pigmentation around the oral lappets, while others do not. + + + +Distribution. + + + +Paralepetopsis variabilis + +sp. nov. +has been collected from the hydrocarbon seep sites “ Jaco Scar ” ( +9.12, - 84.84 +), “ Quepos Seep ” ( +9.03, - 84.62 +), “ Mound 11 ” ( +8.92, - 84.31 +), and “ Mound 12 ” ( +8.93, - 84.31 +) from the Pacific +Costa Rica +Margin. This species was sampled from mussels, tubeworms, and rocks between +995–1,860 m +depth. Specimens have also been found and genetically characterized from a Pescadero Basin hydrocarbon seep site ( +23.64, - 108.39 +), collected by the +ROV +Tiburon during dive # 756 from below 2000 meters depth. + + + + +Remarks. + + + +Paralepetopsis variabilis + +sp. nov. +clade 1 shells resemble most closely those of + +P. clementensis +( +McLean 2008 +) + +but could be distinguished from them by having flat, rather than rounded, shell margins and flat, rather than convex, shell slopes. At least +one specimen +of clade 1 exhibited shell structuring that fits the description of the closely related genus + +Neolepetopsis + +(Fig. +6 J, K +; +McLean 1990 +). However, such specimens occurring within the genus + +Paralepetopsis + +indicates that shell sculpturing may not be as taxonomically informative as previously thought. + +Paralepetopsis variabilis + +sp. nov. +clade +2 specimens +most closely resembled + +P. clementensis +( +McLean 2008 +) + +; however, the axial striations exhibited by these individuals are distinct and are instead most like + +P. tunnicliffae +( +McLean 2008 +) + +. Clade +2 specimens +may be distinguished from + +P. tunnicliffae + +in that their shell margins are rounded, rather than flat. Radulae obtained from + +Paralepetopsis + +clade 2 appears most like + +P. tunnicliffae + +in their reduced lateral marginal teeth. + +Paralepetopsis variabilis + +sp. nov. +clade +3 specimens +most closely resembled + +P. clementensis +( +McLean 2008 +) + +; however, they lack the convex shell slopes typical of this species. Radulae of this species, overall, resembled those of + +P. ferrugivora + +, but have a distinct major lateral tooth shape ( +Warén and Bouchet 2001 +). + + + + +Etymology. + + +The species name + +variabilis + +is Latin for variable, referring to the notable and confounding shell variation observed in this species. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/72/69/01/7269015F784A59C0BEA97186D71ECFBF.xml b/data/72/69/01/7269015F784A59C0BEA97186D71ECFBF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..21f8eb25f11 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/72/69/01/7269015F784A59C0BEA97186D71ECFBF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,371 @@ + + + +New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin + + + +Author + +Betters, Melissa J. +0000-0002-8975-257X +Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA + + + +Author + +Cortés, Jorge +0000-0001-7004-8649 +(CIMAR) Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica + + + +Author + +Cordes, Erik E. +0000-0002-6989-2348 +Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-10-09 + + +1214 + + +281 +324 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594 +487E305B-E2EF-4D96-8940-4C4141C0BA91 + + + + + +Pyropelta corymba +McLean & Haszprunar, 1987 + + + + + +Fig. 8 + + + + +New records. + + +Costa Rica +• + +13 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.93075 +, +- 84.31252 + +; + +998 m + +; + +23 May 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4908 leg.; +Mussel +, 4908 _ +MP +_ 12 + +• + +4 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.930395 +, +- 84.3124245 + +; + +995 m + +; + +1 June 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4917 leg.; +Rock, EC +5803 + +• + +213 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.93046775 +, +- 84.31244503 + +; + +998 m + +; + +5 June 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive +4922 leg.; +Mussel, EC +5741 + +• + +973 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.9308 +, +- 84.31263 + +; + +997 m + +; + +24 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4978 leg.; +Mussel, EC +7743 + +• + +425 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.9307 +, +- 84.3128 + +; + +997 m + +; + +30 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4984 leg.; +Mussel, EC +8314 + +• + +7 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.9307 +, +- 84.3128 + +; + +997 m + +; + +30 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive +4984 leg.; +Tubeworm, EC +10475 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +The Thumb +; +9.05, - 84.4 +; + +1,072 m + +; + +10 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +217 leg.; +Mussel, EC +9480 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +The Thumb +; +9.05, - 84.4 +; + +1,072 m + +; + +10 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +217 leg.; +Mussel, EC +9451 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +The Thumb +; +9.05, - 84.4 +; + +1,072 m + +; + +10 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +217 leg.; +Mussel, EC +9468 + +• + +1 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +The Thumb +; +9.05, - 84.4 +; + +1,072 m + +; + +10 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN +Dive +217 leg.; +Mussel, EC +9434 + +. + + + + +Remarks. + + +Specimens of + +Pyropelta corymba + +are herein confirmed from the hydrocarbon seep sites “ Jaco Scar ” ( +9.12, - 84.84 +), “ Mound 12 ” ( +8.93, - 84.31 +), and “ The Thumb ” ( +9.05, - 84.39 +) from the Pacific +Costa Rica +Margin. This species was sampled from mussels, tubeworms, rocks, and wood between +995–1,887 m +depth. This extends the known range of this species southward from the Californian coast and Gulf of California. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/73/0E/E7/730EE71893585CC38B42BA10C7AE124D.xml b/data/73/0E/E7/730EE71893585CC38B42BA10C7AE124D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8c380b4071a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/73/0E/E7/730EE71893585CC38B42BA10C7AE124D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,507 @@ + + + +New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin + + + +Author + +Betters, Melissa J. +0000-0002-8975-257X +Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA + + + +Author + +Cortés, Jorge +0000-0001-7004-8649 +(CIMAR) Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica + + + +Author + +Cordes, Erik E. +0000-0002-6989-2348 +Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-10-09 + + +1214 + + +281 +324 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594 +487E305B-E2EF-4D96-8940-4C4141C0BA91 + + + + + +Cocculina methana + +sp. nov. + + + + +Fig. 10 + + + + +Type material examined. + + + + +Holotype + +: +Costa Rica +• whole organism; ethanol-fixed; +Original +label: “ + +Cocculina methana + +holotype +, 1, whole organism, AD 4924, +Costa Rica +Margin, Quepos Seep, + +9.03174 +, +- 84.62158 + +, + +1408 m + +, from clams. ”; +SIO-BIC +M 22533 + +. + + +Paratypes + +: +Costa Rica + +• + +1 specimen +; same data as for holotype; +Original +label: “ + +Cocculina methana + +paratype +, 1, whole organism, AD 4924, +Costa Rica +Margin, Quepos Seep, + +9.03174 +, +- 84.62158 + +, + +1408 m + +, from clams. ”; +MZCR 10672-01 + +. + + + + +Type locality. + + +Costa Rica +• + +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Quepos Seep +, + +9.03174 +, +- 84.62158 + +; hydrocarbon seep; clams; + +1,408 m + +; + +7 June 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive 4924 leg + +. + + + + +Other material examined. + + +Costa Rica +• + +4 specimens +; +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Quepos Seep +; +9.03174, - 84.62158 +; + +1,408 m + +; + +7 June 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive 4924 leg.; Clams; Erik Cordes Personal Collection ( +EC +) 5752 + +• + +2 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound +12; + +8.929983333 +, +- 84.31167667 + +; + +992 m + +; + +20 October 2018 + +; AT 42-03 +ALVIN +Dive 4974 leg.; Bone, +SIO-BIC +M 16788 + +• + +3 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.11562, - 84.84005 +; + +1,908 m + +; + +28 May 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive 4913 leg.; Wood, +SIO-BIC +M 16149 + +• + +15 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.1193, - 84.84277 +; + +1,854 m + +; + +31 May 2017 + +; AT 37-13 +ALVIN +Dive 4916 leg.; Tubeworm, +SIO-BIC +M 16171 + +• + +30 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Quepos Seep +; +9.0303, - 84.623 +; + +1,433 m + +; + +1 March 2009 + +; AT 15-44 +ALVIN +Dive 4508 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 12024 + +• + +3 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Jaco Scar +; +9.1172, - 84.8417 +; + +1,866 m + +; + +3 March 2009 + +; AT 15-44 +ALVIN +Dive 4509 leg.; +SIO-BIC +M 12037 + +• + +6 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound Jaguar +; +9.651755802, - 85.88211866 +; + +2,000 m + +; + +25 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN Dive 230 leg.; Wood, +SIO-BIC +M 17106 + +• + +3 specimen +(s); +Costa Rica +Margin +, +Mound Jaguar +; +9.65876081, - 85.88259157 +; + +1,896 m + +; + +25 January 2019 + +; FK 19-0106 SUBASTIAN Dive 230 leg.; Wood, +SIO-BIC +M 17105 + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + + +Cocculina methana + +sp. nov. +may be diagnosed by its distinct golden-brown periostracum. It may be most reliably distinguished from its sister species, + +Cocculina japonica + +, through mitochondrial +CO 1 +barcoding. + + + + +Description. + + +Shell +(Fig. +10 A – C +): Specimens exhibit uncoiled, patelliform shells. +Holotype +measures +3.4 mm +in length, +2.3 mm +in width, and +1.7 mm +in maximum height. Shell roundness (width ÷ length) is ~ 0.66. Fine, concentric, radial sculpturing present on shell. The aperture opening is ovate and unornamented. The aperture lip is thin, fragile, and unornamented. The shell margin is flat. Posterior shell slope is flattened while the anterior shell slope is rounded. Shell apex is posteriorly shifted. Protoconch is unknown. Shell is robust with a thick, greenish brown periostracum covering the outer shell and wrapping over the aperture lip. + + +Soft parts +(Fig. +10 C +): Soft tissue is light yellow to white in color. Mantle margin is thin and irregular. One pair of posterior epipodial tentacles present. Posterior tentacles are thin, elongated, and do not taper in width towards their distal ends. Two, short, blunt cephalic tentacles are present that are slightly thicker than the epipodial tentacles. The mouth has well-developed oral lappets surrounding a starburst-shaped oral opening. External reproductive structures were not observed. Foot margin is ovate and slightly irregular. Operculum is absent. + + +Radula +(Fig. +10 I – K +): Radula is rhipidoglossate. Rachidian teeth are highly diminished, lacking cusps; The rachidian teeth form a continuous, raised ridge down the center of the radula. Rachidian are flanked by three major lateral teeth on each side. Lateral teeth have spatulate cusps that decrease in size from the first to third tooth. First major lateral teeth are the broadest, having 6–8 rounded denticles on their cusps. Second major lateral teeth are slightly thinner, having 3–5 denticles on their cusps. Finally, the third major laterals are thinner than the other two, and have two or fewer denticles on their cusps. These three major laterals are followed by one minor lateral tooth, which is broader than any of the other teeth preceding it. This minor lateral tooth has a short cusp that is angled outwards with four or five blunt, rounded denticles. Each minor lateral tooth has one or two short denticles on their innermost side (raised the highest), followed by one broad, elongated denticle, and finally followed by another short denticle on its outermost, lowest side. Two sets of numerous, marginal teeth follow, set at different angles. Sets of inner marginal teeth are more or less parallel to the radular ribbon, and number 10–12 teeth. Each tooth has a very thin and long tooth shaft (thinner than any of the preceding teeth) and a spatulate cusp with 5–7 short, rounded denticles. Sets of outer marginals are set at ~ 45 ° angle to the radular ribbon, and number between 15–20 teeth. These outer marginals also have a thin and long tooth shaft with spatulate cusps. These cusps, however, are decorated with ~ 24 thin, bristle-like denticles (~ 12 on each side of the cusp). + + + + +Distribution. + + + +Cocculina methana + +sp. nov. +is confirmed from the hydrocarbon seep sites Quepos Seep ( +9.03, - 84.62 +), Mound 12 ( +8.93, - 84.31 +), Jaco Scar ( +9.12, - 84.84 +), and Mound Jaguar ( +9.66, - 85.88 +) at the Pacific +Costa Rica +Margin. This species was sampled from clam shells, wood, tubeworms, and bone between + +1,408 +–2,000 +m + +depth. These are among the deepest-known + +Cocculina + +. + + + + +Remarks. + + +The shells of + +Cocculina methana + +sp. nov. +most closely resemble those of + +C. japonica +( +Dall 1907 +) + +. Radulae of these specimens most closely resembled that of + +C. cowani +( +McLean 1987 +) + +but with distinct central teeth that form a narrow, defined ridge down the center of the radula (Fig. +9 J +). The shell apex of this species notably lacks the hooked “ sail fin ” appearance of other + +Cocculina +species. + +The periostracum of these specimens was observed to significantly corrode with prolonged ethanol preservation (Fig. +10 G, H +). This should be considered when examining museum specimens. + + + + +Etymology. + + +The species name + +methana + +refers to the occurrence of this species at a hydrocarbon seep site. This habitat +type +is notable, as all other known species of + +Cocculina + +occur at either inactive hydrothermal vents or organic falls. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7D/AA/B8/7DAAB8B9EF6F58E998D156EC831C3061.xml b/data/7D/AA/B8/7DAAB8B9EF6F58E998D156EC831C3061.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..edb2a999212 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7D/AA/B8/7DAAB8B9EF6F58E998D156EC831C3061.xml @@ -0,0 +1,462 @@ + + + +Two new hypogean species of the genus Triplophysa (Osteichthyes, Cypriniformes, Nemacheilidae) from Guizhou Province, Southwest China, with underestimated diversity + + + +Author + +Lan, Chang-Ting +https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2381-3601 +School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Wu, Li +0000-0002-7898-7517 +School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Luo, Tao +0000-0003-4186-1192 +School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Liu, Ye-Wei +0000-0003-4712-1072 +School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Zhou, Jia-Jun +0000-0003-1038-1540 +Guangxi Key Laboratory for Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China & Zhejiang Forest Resource Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China + + + +Author + +Yu, Jing +https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3629-3826 +School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Zhao, Xin-Rui +0000-0002-9125-6276 +School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Xiao, Ning +0000-0002-7240-6726 +Zhejiang Forestry Survey Planning and Design Company Limited, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China + + + +Author + +Zhou, Jiang +0000-0003-4186-1192 +School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-10-09 + + +1214 + + +237 +264 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1214.122439 +8B42B493-BD13-4D4C-9161-55978636D055 + + + + + +Triplophysa ziyunensis +Wu, Luo, Xiao & Zhou + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 4 +, +5 +, +Table 5 +, Suppl. material 1 + + + + +Type material. + + + + + +Holotype + +. + +GZNU 20230529001 +(Fig. +4 +), +105.1 mm +total length ( +TL +), +86.7 mm +standard length (SL), collected by +Li Wu +and +Xing-Liang Wang +on + +29 May 2023 + +, at +Shuitang Village +, +Maoying Town +, +Ziyun County +, +Guizhou Province +, +China +( + +25.96846238 ° N +, +106.13737106 ° E + +; + +1228 m +a. s. l. + +; Fig. +1 +). + + + + + + + +Morphological characteristics of holotype GZNU 20230529001 of + +Triplophysa ziyunensis + +sp. nov. +in preservative (10 % formalin) +A +dorsal view +B +ventral view +C +lateral view +D +dorsal view of head +E +lateral view of head, and +F +ventral view of head. + + + + + +Paratypes + +. + +Four specimens +from the same locality as the +holotype +: +GZNU +20230226008-226010, and +GZNU +20230529002, +63.3–100.1 mm +SL, collected by Tao Luo, Li Wu, Xing-Liang Wang, Xin-Rui Zhao, and Chang-Ting Lan on +26 February 2023 +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + + +Triplophysa ziyunensis + +sp. nov. +is distinguished from other hypogean species of the genus + +Triplophysa + +by the following characteristics in combination: (1) body naked, scaleless, pigmented markings on surface of body, except ventral; (2) eyes reduced, diameter 2.4–4.9 % of head length (HL); (3) pelvic-fin tip extending to anus; (4) tip of pectoral fin not reaching pelvic fin origin; (5) anterior and posterior nostrils closely set, with anterior nostril elongated to a barbel-like tip; (6) tip of outrostral barbel extending backward, not reaching anterior margin of eye; (7) lateral line complete; (8) posterior chamber of air bladder degenerated; and (9) dorsal-fin rays iii- 8, pectoral-fin rays i- 10, pelvic-fin rays i- 6, anal-fin rays iii- 5, and 16 branched caudal-fin rays. + + + + +Description. + + +Morphological data on the specimens of + +Triplophysa ziyunensis + +sp. nov. +are provided in Table +5 +and Suppl. material +1 +. Body elongated and cylindrical, posterior portion gradually compressed from dorsal fin to caudal-fin base, with deepest body depth anterior to dorsal-fin origin, deepest body depth 13–16 % of standard length (SL). Dorsal profile slightly convex from snout to dorsal-fin insertion, and then straight from posterior portion of dorsal-fin origin to caudal-fin base. Ventral profile flat. Head short, length 26–27 % of SL, slightly depressed and flattened, width slightly greater than depth (head width (HW) / head depth (HD) = 1.1–1.3). Snout slightly pointed, and snout length 46–50 % of HL. Mouth inferior and curved, mouth corner situated below anterior nostril, upper and lower lips smooth, lower lip with V-shaped median notch. Three pairs of barbels are present: inner rostral barbel long, length 23–27 % of HL, backward extending to corner of the mouth; out rostral barbel long, length 52–58 % of HL, backward extending to beyond posterior margin of eyes. Maxillary barbel not extending to posterior margin of operculum, length 34–42 % of HL. Anterior and posterior nostrils closely set, length +0.20–0.25 mm +. Anterior nostril tube long, with an elongated short barbel-like tip, tip of posterior nostril extending backward not reaching to anterior margin of the eye. Eyes reduced, with diameter 2–5 % of HL. Gill opening small, gill rakers not developed, ten inner gill rakers on first gill arch ( +n += 1). + + +Dorsal-fin rays iii- 8, pectoral-fin rays i- 10, pelvic-fin rays i- 6, anal-fin rays i- 5, 16 branched caudal-fin rays. Dorsal fin short, length 20–23 % of SL, distal margin emarginated, origin anterior to pelvic-fin insertion and situated slightly posterior to the midpoint between snout tip and caudal-fin base, first branched ray longest, shorter than head length, tip of dorsal fin vertical to the anus. Pectoral fin moderately developed, length 22–24 % of SL, tip of pectoral fin extending backward almost to midpoint between origin of pectoral and pelvic fin origins, not reaching to pelvic fin origin. Pelvic fin length 16–20 % of SL, vertically aligned with third branched ray of dorsal fin, tips of pelvic fin reaching anus. Anal fin length 16–20 % of SL, distal margin truncated, origin close to anus, tips of anal fin not reaching caudal-fin base, distance between tips of anal fin and anus 8.5 × the eye diameter. Caudal fin forked, upper lobe equal in length to lower lobe, tips pointed, caudal peduncle length ~ +13.6 mm +, caudal peduncle depth ~ +5.8 mm +, with weak adipose crests along both dorsal and ventral sides. Total vertebrae: 39 ( +n += 1). + +Cephalic lateral line system developed. Lateral line complete, exceeding tip of pectoral fin and reaching base of caudal fin. Two chambers of air bladder, anterior chamber dumbbell-shaped and membranous, open on both sides, slightly closed posteriorly; posterior chamber degenerated, slightly filling the body cavity, connected with anterior chamber by a long, slender tube. + + + +Coloration. + + +In cave water, the body of living fish is semi-translucent and pale pink, with irregular dark brownish brown patches on the head and body (Fig. +5 +). After fixation in 10 % formalin solution, the body color was pale grey, and the dark-brown patches on the head and body were more prominent (Fig. +4 +). + + + + + + +Ecological photographs of + +Triplophysa ziyunensis + +sp. nov. +and closely related species in life +A + +Triplophysa ziyunensis + +sp. nov. +B + +T. rosa + +C + +T. wudangensis + +, and +D + +T. qingzhenensis + +, from Dr. Zhi-Xuan Zeng. + + + + + +Secondary sex characteristics. + + +No secondary sex characteristics were observed based on the present specimens of + +Triplophysa ziyunensis + +sp. nov. + + + + +Comparisons. + + +Detailed comparative morphological data of + +Triplophysa ziyunensis + +sp. nov. +with the 39 recognized hypogean species of + +Triplophysa + +are given in Table +2 +. + +Triplophysa ziyunensis + +sp. nov. +is genetically close to + +T. qingzhenensis + +, + +T. rosa + +, and + +T. wudangensis + +and shares some similar morphological characters, such as reduced eye degeneration and degenerated body pigmentation, pigmented markings on the body surface, except ventral, but can still be distinguished by a combination of some morphological characters. + + + +Triplophysa ziyunensis + +sp. nov. +is be distinguished from + +T. qingzhenensis + +and + +T. wudangensis + +by having 10 branched pectoral fin rays (vs 8–9), 6 branched pelvic-fin rays (vs 5), 16 branched caudal fin rays (vs 14–15), and inhabiting the Pearl River basin (vs Yangtze River basin). + + + +Triplophysa ziyunensis + +sp. nov. +can be distinguished from + +T. rosa + +by having reduced body pigmentation, pigmented markings on body surface, except ventral (vs absence), eyes reduced, diameter 2.4–4.9 % of HL (vs absent), 8 branched dorsal fin rays (vs 9), 10 branched pectoral fin rays (vs 12), 6 branched pelvic-fin rays (vs 7), 16 branched caudal fin rays (vs 14), and inhabiting the Pearl River basin (vs Yangtze River basin). + + + + +Ecology and distribution. + + + +Triplophysa ziyunensis + +sp. nov. +has only been found in one cave in Shuitang Village, Maoying Town, Ziyun County, +Guizhou Province +, +China +, at an elevation of +1134 m +. The pool where the new species was found is more than +15 m +long, +13 m +wide, and ~ +3 m +deep, with a slow flow of water, and is located +80 m +further inside the entrance of the cave. Inside the cave, another fish ( + +Sinocyclocheilus multipunctatus + +, three individuals), bats ( + +Rhinolophus +sp. + +, five individuals), and frogs ( + +Odorrana wuchuanensis + +, 11 individuals) were found. Outside the cave, rapeseed and peppers were being grown. The population of the new species is very small and only +five specimens +were collected. + + + + +Remarks. + + +The new species, + +Triplophysa ziyunensis + +sp. nov. +, inhabits the underground rivers of the +type +locality. Eyes are present and reduced, and with irregular dark brownish brown patches on the head and body. Therefore, this species can be considered as a stygophile fish within the hypogean group of the genus + +Triplophysa + +. + + + + +Etymology. + + +The specific epithet + +ziyunensis + +refers to the +type +locality of the new species: Shuitang Village, Maoying Town, Ziyun County. We propose the common English name “ Ziyun high-plateau loach ” and the Chinese name “ Zǐ Yún Gāo Yuán Qīu (紫云高原鳅) ”. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/A2/E7/3F/A2E73FCAACEB5D098EE72537F43F187D.xml b/data/A2/E7/3F/A2E73FCAACEB5D098EE72537F43F187D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5e1701831db --- /dev/null +++ b/data/A2/E7/3F/A2E73FCAACEB5D098EE72537F43F187D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ + + + +New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin + + + +Author + +Betters, Melissa J. +0000-0002-8975-257X +Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA + + + +Author + +Cortés, Jorge +0000-0001-7004-8649 +(CIMAR) Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica + + + +Author + +Cordes, Erik E. +0000-0002-6989-2348 +Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-10-09 + + +1214 + + +281 +324 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594 +487E305B-E2EF-4D96-8940-4C4141C0BA91 + + + + + +Pseudolepetodrilus + +gen. nov. + + + + +Fig. 9 + + + + + +Type +species. + + + + +Pseudolepetodrilus costaricensis + +sp. nov. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + + +Pseudolepetodrilus + +gen. nov. +have a complete shell with fine radial and concentric sculptures, penis originating at the right side of the head, and three pairs of posterior epipodial tentacles. + + + + +Description. + + +Shell +(Fig. +9 G, H +): Specimens exhibit patelliform shells with moderate elevation. Apex of shell is located at the posterior end of the shell. Fine concentric radial sculpturing and axial sculpturing present. The aperture and shell margin are ovate and unornamented. Shell is robust with a thick, greenish brown periostracum covering the outer shell and wrapping over the aperture lip. + + +Soft parts +(Fig. +9 I, M +): One pair of short cephalic tentacles are located on the head. One pair of epipodial tentacles are located approximately midway down the foot, with one tentacle present on either side of the organism. Three pairs of epipodial tentacles are present at the posterior end of the organism. These posterior tentacles are short and thin; They do not extend past the shell margin. A thick, triangular penis extends from beneath the right cephalic tentacle. Mouth is V-shaped. Oral lappets are lacking. + + +Radula +(Fig. +9 N, O +): Radula is rhipidoglossate in configuration and is symmetrical. Rachidian tooth is sharp and triangular, lacking denticles. One broad, major lateral tooth on either side of the rachidian flanked by four minor lateral teeth all with triangular cusps: Numerous (15 +) marginal teeth flank the minor lateral teeth on either side, each exhibiting spatulate cusps with short denticles. + + + + +Remarks. + + + +Pseudolepetodrilus + +gen. nov. +have a complete shell, penis originating at the right side of the head, and three pairs of posterior epipodial tentacles. + +Lepetodrilus + +have a complete shell, penis originating at the right side of the head, and two pairs of posterior epipodial tentacles. + +Gorgoleptis + +have a complete shell, penis originating from the left side of the head, and two pairs of posterior epipodial tentacles. + +Clypeosectus +McLean, 1989 + +has a slit shell and three pairs of posterior epipodial tentacles. + +Pseudorimula +McLean, 1989 + +has a slit shell and four pairs of posterior epipodial tentacles. + + +The radulae of this new genus most closely resembles that of + +Lepetodrilus + +in that they both have a broad, oblique, first major lateral followed by laterals that rise to a peak at the third tooth and then descend away from the short, triangular rachidian. However, while the major laterals of + +Lepetodrilus + +have variable, irregular edges, the major lateral teeth of + +Pseudolepetodrilus + +gen. nov. +have an even, outer slope without any notches or grooves. + + + + +Etymology. + + +The generic name means false ( +pseudo +) + +Lepetodrilus + +, given its close physical resemblance to species of the genus + +Lepetodrilus + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/E6/15/22/E615223BF2B05FB696BD9D895AE03E23.xml b/data/E6/15/22/E615223BF2B05FB696BD9D895AE03E23.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1f43137c04d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/E6/15/22/E615223BF2B05FB696BD9D895AE03E23.xml @@ -0,0 +1,500 @@ + + + +Two new hypogean species of the genus Triplophysa (Osteichthyes, Cypriniformes, Nemacheilidae) from Guizhou Province, Southwest China, with underestimated diversity + + + +Author + +Lan, Chang-Ting +https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2381-3601 +School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Wu, Li +0000-0002-7898-7517 +School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Luo, Tao +0000-0003-4186-1192 +School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Liu, Ye-Wei +0000-0003-4712-1072 +School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Zhou, Jia-Jun +0000-0003-1038-1540 +Guangxi Key Laboratory for Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China & Zhejiang Forest Resource Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China + + + +Author + +Yu, Jing +https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3629-3826 +School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Zhao, Xin-Rui +0000-0002-9125-6276 +School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Xiao, Ning +0000-0002-7240-6726 +Zhejiang Forestry Survey Planning and Design Company Limited, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China + + + +Author + +Zhou, Jiang +0000-0003-4186-1192 +School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-10-09 + + +1214 + + +237 +264 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1214.122439 +8B42B493-BD13-4D4C-9161-55978636D055 + + + + + +Triplophysa yaluwang +Lan, Liu, Zhou & Zhou + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 6 +, +7 +, +Table 5 +, Suppl. material 1 + + + + +Type material. + + + + + +Holotype + +. + +GZNU 20240118001 +(Fig. +6 +), +87.6 mm +total length ( +TL +), +73.9 mm +standard length (SL), collected by +Jia-Jun Zhou +on + +18 January 2024 + +, in +Xinzhai Village +, +Maoying Town +, +Ziyun County +, +Guizhou Province +, +China +( + +25.89908752 ° N +, +106.07921141 ° E + +, + +1276 m +a. s. l. + +; Fig. +1 +). + + + + + + + +Morphological characteristics of holotype GZNU 20240118001 of + +Triplophysa yaluwang + +sp. nov. +in preservative (10 % formalin) +A +dorsal view +B +ventral view +C +lateral view +D +dorsal view of head +E +lateral view of head, and +F +ventral view of head. + + + + + +Paratypes + +. + +Four specimens +from the same locality as the +holotype +: +GZNU +20240118002–118005, +54.1–83.9 mm +SL, collected by Jia-Jun Zhou and Ye-Wei Liu on +27 September 2023 +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + + +Triplophysa yaluwang + +sp. nov. +is distinguished from other hypogean species of the genus + +Triplophysa + +by the following characteristics in combination: (1) body naked, scaleless, with irregular pale dark brownish brown markings, except ventral; (2) eyes reduced, diameter 4.6–6.1 % of head length; (3) pelvic-fin tip reaching anus; (4) tip of pectoral fin not reaching to pelvic fin origin; (5) anterior and posterior nostrils closely set, with the anterior nostril elongated to a barbel-like tip; (6) tip of outrostral barbel extending backward, not reaching to anterior margin of eye; (7) lateral line complete; (8) posterior chamber of air bladder degenerated; and (9) dorsal-fin rays iii- 7, pectoral-fin rays i- 9, pelvic-fin rays i- 5, anal-fin rays i- 5, and 14 branched caudal-fin rays. + + + + +Description. + + +Morphological data of + +Triplophysa yaluwang + +sp. nov. +specimens are provided in Table +5 +and Suppl. material +1 +. Body elongated and cylindrical, posterior portion gradually compressed from dorsal fin to caudal-fin base, with deepest body depth anterior to dorsal-fin origin, deepest body depth 12–16 % of SL. Dorsal profile slightly convex from snout to dorsal-fin insertion, then straight from posterior portion of dorsal-fin origin to caudal-fin base. Ventral profile flat. Head short, length 26–27 % of SL, slightly depressed and flattened, width slightly greater than depth (HW / HD = 1.1–1.3). Snout slightly pointed, and snout length 43–52 % of HL. Mouth inferior and curved, mouth corner situated below anterior nostril, upper and lower lips smooth, lower lip with V-shaped median notch. Three pairs of barbels are present: inner rostral barbel long, length 16–27 % of HL, backward extending to corner of mouth; out rostral barbel long, length 39–44 % of HL, backward extending to beyond anterior margin of eyes. Maxillary barbel not extending to posterior margin of operculum, length 22–36 % of HL. Anterior and posterior nostrils closely set, length +0.44–0.82 mm +. Anterior nostril tube long, with an elongated short barbel-like tip, tip of posterior nostril extending backwards not reaching to anterior margin of eye. Eyes reduced, with diameter 5–6 % of HL. Gill opening small, gill rakers not developed, nine inner gill rakers on first gill arch ( +n += 1). + + +Dorsal-fin rays iii- 7, pectoral-fin rays i- 9, pelvic-fin rays i- 5–6, anal-fin rays i- 5, 14 branched caudal-fin rays. Dorsal fin short, length 19–22 % of SL, distal margin emarginated, origin anterior to pelvic-fin insertion and situated slightly posterior to the midpoint between snout tip and caudal-fin base, first branched ray longest, shorter than head length, tip of dorsal fin vertical to anus. Pectoral fin moderately developed, length 19–25 % of SL, tip of pectoral fin extending backward almost to the midpoint between origin of pectoral and pelvic fin origins, not reaching to pelvic fin origin. Pelvic fin length 16–17 % of SL, vertically aligned with second branched ray of dorsal fin, tips of pelvic fin reaching to anus. Anal fin length 16–18 % of SL, distal margin truncated, origin close to anus, tips of anal fin not reaching caudal-fin base, distance between tips of anal fin and anus 2.2 × the eye diameter. Caudal fin forked, upper lobe slightly longer than lower lobe, tips pointed, caudal peduncle length ~ +12 mm +, caudal peduncle depth ~ +4.8 mm +, with weak adipose crests along both dorsal and ventral sides. Total vertebrae: 40 ( +n += 1). + +Cephalic lateral line system developed. Lateral line complete, exceeding tip of pectoral fin and reaching base of caudal fin. Two chambers of air bladder, anterior chamber dumbbell-shaped and membranous, open on both sides, slightly closed posteriorly; posterior chamber degenerated, slightly filling the body cavity, connected with anterior chamber by a long, slender tube. + + + +Coloration. + + +In cave water, living fish were semi-translucent with a pale pink body with irregular dark brownish brown patches on the Entire body (Fig. +7 +). After fixation in 10 % formalin, the body color was white, and the dark brown color lightened (Fig. +6 +). + + + + + + +Ecological photographs of + +Triplophysa yaluwang + +sp. nov. +and closely related species in life +A + +Triplophysa yaluwang + +sp. nov. +(paratype, GZNU 20240118002) +B + +Triplophysa yaluwang + +sp. nov. +(paratype, GZNU 20240118005), and +C + +T. guizhouensis + +. + + + + + +Variations. + + +Among the +five specimens +collected, +GZNU +20240118002–118004 are essentially identical to the +holotype +in fin characteristics and body coloration. +GZNU +20240118005 differs from the +holotype +by the absence of body pigmentation and the absence of the eye (Fig. +7 +). + + + + +Secondary sex characteristics. + + +Secondary sex characteristics were not observed in the specimens of + +Triplophysa yaluwang + +sp. nov. + + + + +Comparisons. + + +Detailed morphological comparative data of + +Triplophysa yaluwang + +sp. nov. +with + +Triplophysa ziyunensis + +sp. nov. +and the 39 hypogean species of + +Triplophysa + +are given in Table +2 +. + +Triplophysa yaluwang + +sp. nov. +is genetically close to + +T. guizhouensis + +, + +T. longliensis + +, and + +T. sanduensis + +, but it can be distinguished in combination with morphological characteristics. + + + +Triplophysa yaluwang + +sp. nov. +can be distinguished from + +Triplophysa ziyunensis + +sp. nov. +by having dorsal fin distal margin being emarginated (vs truncated), total vertebrae 40 (vs 39), seven branched dorsal fin rays (vs 8), nine branched pectoral fin rays (vs 10), and 14 branched caudal fin rays (vs 16). + + + +Triplophysa yaluwang + +sp. nov. +is distinguished from + +T. longliensis + +by having eyes reduced, small diameter 4.6–6.1 % of HL (vs normal, diameter 9.5–11.5 % of HL), interorbital width, 24.3–26.0 % of HL (vs 31.4–37.5 of HL), total vertebrae 40 (vs 42), degenerated posterior chamber of air bladder (vs developed), seven branched dorsal-fin rays (vs 8), nine branched pectoral-fin rays (vs 10), and 14 branched caudal-fin rays (vs 15–16). + + + +Triplophysa yaluwang + +sp. nov. +is distinguished from + +T. sanduensis + +by having eyes reduced, small diameter 4.6–6.1 % of HL (vs normal, diameter 11.9–15.4 % of HL), interorbital width, 24.3–26.0 % of HL (vs 31.2–40.2 of HL), total vertebrae 40 (vs 41), dorsal-fin rays, iii, 7 (vs ii, 8–9), three unbranched anal-fin rays (vs 1), 14 branched caudal-fin rays (vs 17–18), and tip of pelvic fin reaching anus (vs not reaching anus). + + + +Triplophysa yaluwang + +sp. nov. +differs from + +T. guizhouensis + +by having eyes reduced, diameter 4.6–6.1 % of HL (vs normal, diameter 9.4–12.1 % of HL), dorsal fin distal margin being emarginated (vs truncated), body scaleless (vs body covered by sparse scales), degenerated posterior chamber of air bladder (vs developed), seven branched dorsal fin rays (vs 8), five branched anal-fin rays (vs 6), and tip of pelvic fin reaching anus (vs not reaching anus). + + + + +Ecology and distribution. + + +The new species + +Triplophysa yaluwang + +sp. nov. +was found in one cave far from the village of Xinzhai Village, Maoying Town, Ziyun County, +Guizhou Province +, +China +(Fig. +1 +), in a water system where the underground river is a tributary of the Hongshui River. The cave habitat is a vertical shaft with an entrance located halfway up the mountainside. The underground river is approximately +150 m +deep from the entrance, and the accessible portion is around +200 m +long, +3 m +wide, and +1–2 m +deep. In this cave, the new species is sympatric with + +Sinocyclocheilus multipunctatus + +and some unnamed spiders. + + + + +Remarks. + + +The new species, + +Triplophysa yaluwang + +sp. nov. +, inhabits the underground rivers of the +type +locality. Eyes are present and reduced, and with irregular dark brownish brown patches on the head and body. Therefore, this species can be considered as a stygophile fish within the hypogean group of the genus + +Triplophysa + +. + + + + +Etymology. + + +The specific epithet + +yaluwang + +comes from King Yalu, a hero to the Miao people of Ziyun County, +Guizhou Province +, +China +, where the +type +locality is found. He was the 18 +th +generation leader of the Miao ancestors in western +China +and led the Miao people through many trials and tribulations. He eventually carved out a suitable land for his people to live in near the +type +locality. His deeds have been preserved in the form of a song, which has been organized into the first full-length heroic epic of the Hmong, King Yalu. We propose the common English name “ King Yalu high-plateau loach ” and the Chinese name “ Yà Lǔ Wáng Gāo Yuán Qīu (亚鲁王高原鳅) ”. + + + + \ No newline at end of file