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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605796" ID-ISSN="1639-4798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4605796" approvalRequired="27" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="2" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="19" approvalRequired_for_treatments="6" checkinTime="1615827991694" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Mckey, Doyle B." docDate="2000" docId="03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ABDB59C5" docLanguage="en" docName="Adansonia.22.1.71-109.pdf" docOrigin="Adansonia (3) 22 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CB241A4BDED3F88A438CB4AD43664FA9.2:Adansonia.2000.journal_article" docStyleId="CB241A4BDED3F88A438CB4AD43664FA9" docStyleName="Adansonia.2000.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Leonardoxa africana subsp. gracilicaulis McKey 2000" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="FFDFDC4DFFBFFFC3C218743CA95C5F6D" masterDocTitle="Leonardoxa africana (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae): a complex of mostly allopatric subspecies" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="71" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1626374491340" updateUser="tatiana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Leonardoxa africana (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae): a complex of mostly allopatric subspecies</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mckey, Doyle B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Centre d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (UPR CNRS 9056), Université Montpellier II, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 05, France.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mckey@cefe.cnrs-mop.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Adansonia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2000</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="series">
<mods:title>3</mods:title>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2000-06-03</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>22</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>71</mods:start>
<mods:end>109</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605796</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1639-4798</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4605796</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">933B60E6-57E6-4EB4-ACA8-D871ABD9F36A</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ABDB59C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ABDB59C5" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="31.[677,1210,205,232]" box="[677,1210,205,232]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
<heading box="[677,1210,205,232]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" reason="2">
<taxonomicName authority="Mckey, 2000" authorityName="McKey" authorityYear="2000" box="[677,1210,205,232]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="gracilicaulis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[677,948,205,232]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Leonardoxa africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1048,1210,206,232]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">gracilicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="31.[677,1211,235,505]" box="[695,1044,235,263]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
McKey,
<emphasis bold="true" box="[785,913,235,261]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">subsp. nov.</emphasis>
(= group 1)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="31.[677,1211,235,505]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis box="[703,847,278,303]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Haec subspecies</emphasis>
Leonardoxae africanae
<taxonomicName pageId="31" pageNumber="102" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="rumpiensi">
<emphasis box="[1078,1135,279,303]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">subsp.</emphasis>
rumpiensi
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[724,831,304,327]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">arcte atque</emphasis>
L. africanae
<taxonomicName box="[965,1120,304,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="letouzeyi">
<emphasis box="[965,1023,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">subsp.</emphasis>
letouzeyi
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[1128,1144,304,327]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">et</emphasis>
<taxonomicName pageId="31" pageNumber="102" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="africanae">
<emphasis box="[1153,1211,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">subsp.</emphasis>
africanae
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
nonnihil remotior affinis, sed ab ea glandulis nectariferis crateriformibus ad foliola proximalia nullis ad duabus atque foliorum expansione simultanea ramunculi ad nodos terminales duos ad quattuor, ab omnibus ramunculorum juvenilium internodiis non inflatis atque racemis ad ramunculos diametro
<quantity box="[1004,1097,455,479]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5-10 mm</quantity>
axillaribus distinguitur.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="31.[677,1210,538,640]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1970-03-23" collectionCode="TYPUS" country="Cameroon" county="Akonekye" elevation="700" location="Letouzey" municipality="Colline Ongongondje" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[703,766,539,562]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">TYPUS</typeStatus>
. —
<emphasis box="[817,983,538,562]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ABDB59C5:8E9043F8FFA0FFDCC1297627AADA5D5F" box="[817,902,539,562]" country="Cameroon" county="Akonekye" municipality="Colline Ongongondje" name="Letouzey" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Letouzey</location>
10201,
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[992,1103,540,564]" name="Cameroon" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ABDB59C5:8E9043F8FFA0FFDCC6437620AA545D20" country="Cameroon" county="Akonekye" municipality="Colline Ongongondje" name="Southern Province" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Southern Province</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[789,1029,565,589]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Colline Ongongondje</collectingMunicipality>
near
<collectingCounty box="[1095,1206,565,589]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Akonekye</collectingCounty>
,
<locationDeviation box="[677,879,590,614]" location="Ambam" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
<quantity box="[677,740,590,614]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
NW Ambam
</locationDeviation>
, ca.
<quantity box="[922,989,590,614]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="700.0">
<elevation box="[922,989,590,614]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date box="[999,1137,590,614]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" value="1970-03-23">
<collectingDate box="[999,1137,590,614]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" value="1970-03-23">23 Mar. 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
(holo-,
</materialsCitation>
P; iso-, BR, K, WAG, YA).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="31.[677,1210,665,1397]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
Tree to
<quantity box="[785,842,665,692]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
tall. Trunk up to
<quantity box="[1035,1140,665,692]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="cm" value="55.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="50.0">50-60 cm</quantity>
diam. Young shoots produced in flushes of (1-)2-4 internodes and leaves at each branch tip; internodes of young twigs (1.1-)3.7(-7) cm long, not modified as myrmecodomatia, not swollen; twigs (2-)2.3(-3.1) mm diam. at apex tapering to ca.
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1- 2 mm</quantity>
diam. at base of internode. Prostoma lacking. Leaves 2-3-jugate; leaflets elliptic, falcate, apex acuminate to long-acuminate, the smallest ones (proximal pair) (9.6-)10.9(-15) cm long and (3-)4(-5) cm broad, largest ones (the distal ones in 2-jugate leaves, median ones in 3-jugate leaves) (12-)15(-26) cm long and (4-)5.5(-9.5) cm broad. Nectary glands small (smooth gland surface oblong, about 0.5 ×
<quantity box="[989,1105,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
), mostly restricted to proximal leaflets, where they are variable in number (0-2). Racemes very short (axis to
<quantity box="[677,731,1186,1213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
long), with 25-40 flowers, axillary on small twigs of 2-3 (rarely 5-10) mm diam. (
<figureCitation box="[1123,1194,1218,1244]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[114,142,1115,1132]" captionTargetBox="[114,1210,610,1074]" captionTargetId="figure-375@28.[105,1220,605,1082]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 8. — Variation in floral traits within the Leonardoxa africana complex. Bar = 2 cm in both photos. A, inflorescence axillary on a young twig (vertical object just behind the inflorescence) in L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis (Mbalmayo site); hypanthium white, corolla and filaments of stamens lilac, anthers yellow. B, trunciflorous inflorescences in L. africana subsp. africana (Grand Zambi); hypanthium and corolla pink." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605816/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Flowers
<quantity box="[773,900,1248,1275]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="cm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.6">1.6-1.8 cm</quantity>
in diam; pedicels
<quantity box="[1116,1210,1248,1275]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2-4 mm</quantity>
long; calyx white to pale lilac, sepals
<quantity box="[1088,1209,1278,1305]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="cm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.5">0.5-0.8 cm</quantity>
long; petals lilac to violet,
<quantity box="[964,1063,1309,1336]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="cm" value="0.8" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.6">0.6-1 cm</quantity>
long. Ovules 4-5. Fruit oblong-obovate, ca.
<quantity box="[1012,1082,1340,1367]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity box="[1154,1209,1340,1367]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
broad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="31.[677,1210,1431,1704]" lastBlockId="32.[114,647,205,1704]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
<taxonomicName authorityName="McKey" authorityYear="2000" box="[703,1134,1431,1459]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="gracilicaulis">
<emphasis box="[703,922,1431,1459]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Leonardoxa africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis box="[1010,1134,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">gracilicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from the three other subspecies of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[677,799,1493,1519]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis box="[677,799,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">L. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex by the absence of swollen internodes and prostoma (the subspecies
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilicaulis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">gracilicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not a myrmecophyte:
<figureCitation box="[1031,1121,1555,1581]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[113,141,1489,1506]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,1017,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-282@27.[103,1213,1012,1471]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 6. — Internodes of the Leonardoxa africana complex, showing variation in specialisations for housing ants. Bar = 2 cm in all photos. A, apex of internode (note point of attachment of the paripinnately compound leaf) of L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis (Mbalmayo site), showing absence of swelling in this non-myrmecophytic subspecies; B, longitudinal section of internode of L. africana subsp. africana (Bombé Bakundu site) showing the strongly swollen ant-domatium, which in this subspecies is a single internode long.— C and D, prostoma of two myrmecophytic subspecies, located in both cases at the apex of the internode opposite the point of leaf insertion; the diagonally cut structure at the top of each photo is the leaf rachis: C, circular prostoma of L. africana subsp. letouzeyi (Rengo Rock site); prostoma of L. africana subsp. rumpiensis (not shown) is roughly similar in size and shape; D, elongate prostoma of L. africana subsp. africana (Bombé Bakundu site). Both are on internodes produced by plants growing in a greenhouse at the University of Miami, on cuttings uninhabited by ants. The structures are not holes, but are scars produced by the spontaneous drying of the unlignified prostoma in mature internodes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605810/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Foliar nectary glands are present, but are smaller than those of the myrmecophytic subspecies (
<figureCitation box="[1113,1197,1617,1643]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[113,142,927,944]" captionTargetBox="[110,1203,596,900]" captionTargetId="figure-211@27.[99,1219,585,921]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 5. — Foliar nectaries of the Leonardoxa africana complex, all shown at the same scale: A, L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis (Zingui hill site); B, L. africana subsp. rumpiensis (Dikomé Balué site); C, L. africana subsp. africana (Akanga site). Nectaries of L. africana subsp. letouzeyi (not pictured) are similar in size to those of subsp. rumpiensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605808/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). This subspecies also differs from the others in floral characters. Flowers are white and lilac in colour, rather than pink or red, the most frequent colours in the myrmecophytes. Also, inflorescences are usually axillary on small twigs in this subspecies (
<figureCitation box="[243,331,298,324]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[114,142,1115,1132]" captionTargetBox="[114,1210,610,1074]" captionTargetId="figure-375@28.[105,1220,605,1082]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 8. — Variation in floral traits within the Leonardoxa africana complex. Bar = 2 cm in both photos. A, inflorescence axillary on a young twig (vertical object just behind the inflorescence) in L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis (Mbalmayo site); hypanthium white, corolla and filaments of stamens lilac, anthers yellow. B, trunciflorous inflorescences in L. africana subsp. africana (Grand Zambi); hypanthium and corolla pink." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605816/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
). Cauliflory is very frequent in the myrmecophytes, but in field populations and herbarium specimens studied by us, cauliflory has been recorded in the non-myrmecophytic subspecies only at the summit of Nta Ali (
<tableCitation box="[121,204,451,477]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="15.[113,124,204,221]" captionText="TABLE 6.—Variation among field populations of the Leonardoxa africana complex in position of inflorescences and in flower colour." pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Table 6</tableCitation>
), in a population that may be affected by hybridisation with
<taxonomicName box="[317,600,481,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="letouzeyi">
<emphasis box="[317,430,481,507]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis box="[512,600,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">letouzeyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below). Trees of this subspecies, especially in hilltop (piedmont and lower submontane) habitats where it is most common, reach larger size than is ever attained by any of the myrmecophytes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="32.[114,647,205,1704]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
DISTRIBUTION. — This subspecies includes all the specimens collected from
<collectingCountry box="[443,520,666,692]" name="Gabon" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Gabon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
, and southern
<collectingCountry box="[349,463,697,723]" name="Cameroon" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
from the vicinity of Yaoundé southward and east of the coastal plain (
<figureCitation box="[121,187,758,784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[114,142,1205,1222]" captionTargetBox="[178,1142,204,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-251@26.[182,1139,215,1168]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 4. — Geographic distribution of herbarium collections of the Leonardoxa africana complex examined in this study: L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis = Group 1; L. africana subsp. rumpiensis = Group 2; L. africana subsp. letouzeyi = Group 3; L. africana subsp. africana = Group 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605806/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). In southern
<collectingCountry box="[340,457,758,784]" name="Cameroon" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, this subspecies is characteristically abundant on summits of hills, such as Nkolebengue (
<bibRefCitation author="THOMAS D. &amp; THOMAS J." box="[352,638,818,845]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" refId="ref21020" refString="THOMAS D. &amp; THOMAS J. 1993. - Botanical and ecological survey of the Campo-Ma'an area, Cameroon - A report to the World Bank. Corvallis, Oregon." type="book" year="1993">THOMAS &amp; THOMAS 1993</bibRefCitation>
) and Zingui (this study). Near Yaoundé,
<taxonomicName authorityName="McKey" authorityYear="2000" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="gracilicaulis">
<emphasis box="[534,646,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis box="[186,306,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">gracilicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the most frequent trees in submontane forest from
<quantity box="[437,536,910,937]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" unit="m" value="1000.0">1,000 m</quantity>
elevation upwards (
<bibRefCitation author="ACHOUNDONG G." box="[219,449,942,968]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" refId="ref19561" refString="ACHOUNDONG G. 1985. - Etude ecologique et floristique de la vegetation des collines de Yaounde au-dessus de 1000 m. These, Univ. Yaounde." type="book" year="1985">ACHOUNDONG 1985</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="ACHOUNDONG G." box="[462,522,942,968]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" pagination="37 - 52" refId="ref19614" refString="ACHOUNDONG G. 1996. - Les forets sommitales au Cameroun: vegetation et flore des collines de Yaounde. Bois et Forets des Tropiques 247: 37 - 52." type="journal article" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
). The nonmyrmecophytic
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[289,403,971,997]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis box="[289,403,971,997]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">L. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
abundant in forest on the summit of Nta Ali (
<bibRefCitation author="ACHOUNDONG G." box="[372,599,1003,1029]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" pagination="51 - 63" refId="ref19589" refString="ACHOUNDONG G. 1995. - Les formations submontagnardes du Nta-Ali au Cameroun. Bois et Forets des Tropiques 243: 51 - 63." type="journal article" year="1995">ACHOUNDONG 1995</bibRefCitation>
) are also tentatively ascribed to this subspecies.This subspecies is much less frequent in lowland forests, where it is highly localised along streams and patchily distributed. (Within its range, lowland habitats are less constantly humid than hilltop and submontane habitats.) In the coastal plain, where the highly specialised myrmecophyte
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. africana" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
<emphasis box="[529,646,1217,1243]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis box="[206,300,1247,1273]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
predominates (see below),
<taxonomicName authorityName="McKey" authorityYear="2000" box="[114,437,1278,1305]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="gracilicaulis">
<emphasis box="[114,230,1278,1304]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis box="[317,437,1279,1305]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">gracilicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected from two inselbergs (Colline Ngwon,
<quantity box="[523,593,1310,1336]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" unit="km" value="38.0">38 km</quantity>
E of Kribi:
<emphasis box="[187,340,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Letouzey 9371</emphasis>
; Nkoltsia,
<quantity box="[466,539,1341,1367]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
from the coast,
<emphasis box="[178,296,1370,1397]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Villiers 807</emphasis>
). Near the latter site, it also occurs in lowland forest, near the village Nkoloboundé along the stream Bounde, where it occurs together, interspersed in the same forests, with the specialised myrmecophyte
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. africana" box="[281,560,1493,1520]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
<emphasis box="[281,395,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis box="[476,560,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is so far the only site where the two are known to cooccur.In forest along two other streams nearby,only
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. africana" box="[114,400,1585,1612]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
<emphasis box="[114,230,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis box="[316,400,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was present. The two subspecies may co-occur elsewhere, though. The collection
<emphasis box="[226,344,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Mpom 303</emphasis>
, from
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SE of Douala on the old Douala-Edea road, includes sheets of
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

833
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@ -0,0 +1,833 @@
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<mods:title id="B97768DB38ACBB3B8F5850F8E80A3660">Leonardoxa africana (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae): a complex of mostly allopatric subspecies</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="FAEF5BE0F3485413AA5890C3D20F0987">Adansonia</mods:title>
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<heading id="D0B8A24FFFA0FFDCC0BD74F1AD485E6A" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA0FFDCC0BD74F1AA5A5E6B" ID-CoL="9DSGQ" authority="McKey" authorityName="McKey" authorityYear="2000" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="gracilicaulis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC0BD74F1AAE85F85" bold="true" box="[677,948,205,232]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Leonardoxa africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC60074F2ADE65F85" bold="true" box="[1048,1210,206,232]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">gracilicaulis</emphasis>
McKey
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,
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</emphasis>
(= group 1)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFA0FFDCC0A7752AAA465E94" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA0FFDCC0A7752AAA465E94" blockId="31.[677,1211,205,505]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC0A7752AAA135E42" box="[703,847,278,303]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Haec subspecies</emphasis>
Leonardoxae africanae
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA0FFDCC62E752BAB905E25" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="rumpiensi">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC62E752BAD335E42" box="[1078,1135,279,303]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">subsp.</emphasis>
rumpiensi
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC0CC750CAA635E2A" box="[724,831,304,327]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">arcte atque</emphasis>
L. africanae
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA0FFDCC1DD750CAD3C5E25" box="[965,1120,304,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="letouzeyi">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC1DD750CAAA35E25" box="[965,1023,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">subsp.</emphasis>
letouzeyi
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC670750CAD245E2A" box="[1128,1144,304,327]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">et</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA0FFDCC699750CABA15E0C" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="africanae">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC699750CADE75E25" box="[1153,1211,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">subsp.</emphasis>
africanae
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC11D7575AA465E94" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
nonnihil remotior affinis, sed ab ea glandulis nectariferis crateriformibus ad foliola proximalia nullis ad duabus atque foliorum expansione simultanea ramunculi ad nodos terminales duos ad quattuor, ab omnibus ramunculorum juvenilium internodiis non inflatis atque racemis ad ramunculos diametro
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axillaribus distinguitur.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFA0FFDCC0A77627AAF35DED" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA0FFDCC0A77627AAF35DED" blockId="31.[677,1210,538,640]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA0FFDCC0A77627ABE55D13" collectingDate="1970-03-23" collectionCode="P" collectorName="Letouzey" country="Cameroon" county="Akonekye" elevation="700" location="Ambam" municipality="Colline Ongongondje" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Southern Province" typeStatus="holotype">
TYPUS. —
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC1297627AA8B5D5F" box="[817,983,538,562]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA0FFDCC1297627AADA5D5F" box="[817,902,539,562]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Letouzey</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA0FFDCC1967626AA8E5D5F" box="[910,978,538,562]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">10201</collectorNumber>
,
</emphasis>
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,
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,
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near
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,
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<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA0FFDCC0BD7672ABB85D0B" box="[677,740,590,614]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
NW
</locationDeviation>
<location id="8E9043F8FFA0FFDCC1067672AA335D0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FFA0FFDCC1067672AA335D0B" box="[798,879,590,614]" country="Cameroon" county="Akonekye" municipality="Colline Ongongondje" name="Ambam" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Southern Province">Ambam</location>
, ca.
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA0FFDCC1827672AA815D08" box="[922,989,590,614]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="700.0">
<elevation id="0062F210FFA0FFDCC1827672AA815D08" box="[922,989,590,614]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
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<collectingDate id="EFB5CA0BFFA0FFDCC1FF7672AD2D5D0B" box="[999,1137,590,614]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" value="1970-03-23">23 Mar. 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
(
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,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA0FFDCC0BD765BABE95D13" box="[677,693,615,638]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">P</collectionCode>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA0FFDCC0A77654AAF35DED" box="[703,943,615,640]" collectingDate="1970-03-23" collectionCode="BR, K, WAG, YA" collectorName="Letouzey" country="Cameroon" county="Akonekye" elevation="700" location="Letouzey" municipality="Colline Ongongondje" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Southern Province" typeStatus="isotype">
<typeStatus id="54F4AB81FFA0FFDCC0A77654ABB95DED" box="[703,741,616,640]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">iso-</typeStatus>
,
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,
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,
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,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA0FFDCC1997654AAF85DED" box="[897,932,616,640]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">YA</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFA0FFE3C0A776A5AB1F5D1A" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA0FFDCC0A776A5ABB75A18" blockId="31.[677,1210,665,1397]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
Tree to
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA0FFDCC10976A6AA165DDE" box="[785,842,665,692]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
tall. Trunk up to
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA0FFDCC61376A6AD285DDE" box="[1035,1140,665,692]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="cm" value="55.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="50.0">50-60 cm</quantity>
diam. Young shoots produced in flushes of (1-)2-4 internodes and leaves at each branch tip; internodes of young twigs (1.1-)3.7(-7) cm long, not modified as myrmecodomatia, not swollen; twigs (2-)2.3(-3.1) mm diam. at apex tapering to ca.
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA0FFDCC6BA770FABBA5C06" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1- 2 mm</quantity>
diam. at base of internode. Prostoma lacking. Leaves 2-3-jugate; leaflets elliptic, falcate, apex acuminate to long-acuminate, the smallest ones (proximal pair) (9.6-)10.9(-15) cm long and (3-)4(-5) cm broad, largest ones (the distal ones in 2-jugate leaves, median ones in 3-jugate leaves) (12-)15(-26) cm long and (4-)5.5(-9.5) cm broad. Nectary glands small (smooth gland surface oblong, about 0.5 ×
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA0FFDCC1C5707BAD0D5B0D" box="[989,1105,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
), mostly restricted to proximal leaflets, where they are variable in number (0-2). Racemes very short (axis to
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA0FFDCC0BD709FAB875BD1" box="[677,731,1186,1213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
long), with 25-40 flowers, axillary on small twigs of 2-3 (rarely 5-10) mm diam. (
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA0FFDCC67B70FEADF65BB1" box="[1123,1194,1218,1244]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[114,142,1115,1132]" captionTargetBox="[114,1210,610,1074]" captionTargetId="figure-375@28.[105,1220,605,1082]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 8. — Variation in floral traits within the Leonardoxa africana complex. Bar = 2 cm in both photos. A, inflorescence axillary on a young twig (vertical object just behind the inflorescence) in L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis (Mbalmayo site); hypanthium white, corolla and filaments of stamens lilac, anthers yellow. B, trunciflorous inflorescences in L. africana subsp. africana (Grand Zambi); hypanthium and corolla pink." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605816/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Flowers
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA0FFDCC11D70DDAAD85B97" box="[773,900,1248,1275]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="cm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.6">1.6-1.8 cm</quantity>
in diam; pedicels
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA0FFDCC64470DDADE65B97" box="[1116,1210,1248,1275]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2-4 mm</quantity>
long; calyx white to pale lilac, sepals
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA0FFDCC65870C3ADE55A75" box="[1088,1209,1278,1305]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="cm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.5">0.5-0.8 cm</quantity>
long; petals lilac to violet,
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long. Ovules 4-5. Fruit oblong-obovate, ca.
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA0FFDCC1EC7101AD665A3B" box="[1012,1082,1340,1367]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
long,
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broad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA0FFE3C0A771A5AB1F5D1A" blockId="31.[677,1210,1431,1704]" lastBlockId="32.[114,647,205,1704]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA0FFDCC0A771A5AD325ADE" authorityName="McKey" authorityYear="2000" box="[703,1134,1431,1459]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="gracilicaulis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC0A771A5AAC65ADC" box="[703,922,1431,1459]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Leonardoxa africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC1EA71A5AD325ADE" box="[1010,1134,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">gracilicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from the three other subspecies of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA0FFDCC0BD71E9AA435A82" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[677,799,1493,1519]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC0BD71E9AA435A82" box="[677,799,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">L. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex by the absence of swollen internodes and prostoma (the subspecies
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA0FFDCC66871C9ABBE5940" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilicaulis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC66871C9ABBE5940" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">gracilicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not a myrmecophyte:
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA0FFDCC61F722FAD3D5940" box="[1031,1121,1555,1581]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[113,141,1489,1506]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,1017,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-282@27.[103,1213,1012,1471]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 6. — Internodes of the Leonardoxa africana complex, showing variation in specialisations for housing ants. Bar = 2 cm in all photos. A, apex of internode (note point of attachment of the paripinnately compound leaf) of L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis (Mbalmayo site), showing absence of swelling in this non-myrmecophytic subspecies; B, longitudinal section of internode of L. africana subsp. africana (Bombé Bakundu site) showing the strongly swollen ant-domatium, which in this subspecies is a single internode long.— C and D, prostoma of two myrmecophytic subspecies, located in both cases at the apex of the internode opposite the point of leaf insertion; the diagonally cut structure at the top of each photo is the leaf rachis: C, circular prostoma of L. africana subsp. letouzeyi (Rengo Rock site); prostoma of L. africana subsp. rumpiensis (not shown) is roughly similar in size and shape; D, elongate prostoma of L. africana subsp. africana (Bombé Bakundu site). Both are on internodes produced by plants growing in a greenhouse at the University of Miami, on cuttings uninhabited by ants. The structures are not holes, but are scars produced by the spontaneous drying of the unlignified prostoma in mature internodes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605810/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Foliar nectary glands are present, but are smaller than those of the myrmecophytic subspecies (
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA0FFDCC641726DADF15906" box="[1113,1197,1617,1643]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[113,142,927,944]" captionTargetBox="[110,1203,596,900]" captionTargetId="figure-211@27.[99,1219,585,921]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 5. — Foliar nectaries of the Leonardoxa africana complex, all shown at the same scale: A, L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis (Zingui hill site); B, L. africana subsp. rumpiensis (Dikomé Balué site); C, L. africana subsp. africana (Akanga site). Nectaries of L. africana subsp. letouzeyi (not pictured) are similar in size to those of subsp. rumpiensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605808/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). This subspecies also differs from the others in floral characters. Flowers are white and lilac in colour, rather than pink or red, the most frequent colours in the myrmecophytes. Also, inflorescences are usually axillary on small twigs in this subspecies (
<figureCitation id="137409A6FF9FFFE3C2EB7516A8175E29" box="[243,331,298,324]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[114,142,1115,1132]" captionTargetBox="[114,1210,610,1074]" captionTargetId="figure-375@28.[105,1220,605,1082]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 8. — Variation in floral traits within the Leonardoxa africana complex. Bar = 2 cm in both photos. A, inflorescence axillary on a young twig (vertical object just behind the inflorescence) in L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis (Mbalmayo site); hypanthium white, corolla and filaments of stamens lilac, anthers yellow. B, trunciflorous inflorescences in L. africana subsp. africana (Grand Zambi); hypanthium and corolla pink." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605816/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
). Cauliflory is very frequent in the myrmecophytes, but in field populations and herbarium specimens studied by us, cauliflory has been recorded in the non-myrmecophytic subspecies only at the summit of Nta Ali (
<tableCitation id="C6CD2098FF9FFFE3C26175FFA9905EB0" box="[121,204,451,477]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="15.[113,124,204,221]" captionTargetId="graphics-90@15.[113,1210,78,1697]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 6.—Variation among field populations of the Leonardoxa africana complex in position of inflorescences and in flower colour." pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Table 6</tableCitation>
), in a population that may be affected by hybridisation with
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FF9FFFE3C32575DDAB045E91" box="[317,600,481,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="letouzeyi">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C32575DDA8F25E96" box="[317,430,481,507]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C01875DEAB045E91" box="[512,600,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">letouzeyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below). Trees of this subspecies, especially in hilltop (piedmont and lower submontane) habitats where it is most common, reach larger size than is ever attained by any of the myrmecophytes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FF9FFFE3C2947646AAB05E6B" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FF9FFFE3C2947646AAB05E6B" blockId="32.[114,647,205,1704]" lastBlockId="32.[677,1210,205,631]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
DISTRIBUTION. — This subspecies includes all the specimens collected from
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FF9FFFE3C3A376A6AB545DD9" box="[443,520,666,692]" name="Gabon" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Gabon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FF9FFFE3C00E76A6A9985DBE" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
, and southern
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FF9FFFE3C3457685A8935DBE" box="[349,463,697,723]" name="Cameroon" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
from the vicinity of Yaoundé southward and east of the coastal plain (
<figureCitation id="137409A6FF9FFFE3C26176CAA9E75C7D" box="[121,187,758,784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[114,142,1205,1222]" captionTargetBox="[178,1142,204,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-251@26.[182,1139,215,1168]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 4. — Geographic distribution of herbarium collections of the Leonardoxa africana complex examined in this study: L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis = Group 1; L. africana subsp. rumpiensis = Group 2; L. africana subsp. letouzeyi = Group 3; L. africana subsp. africana = Group 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605806/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). In southern
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FF9FFFE3C34C76CAA8955C7D" box="[340,457,758,784]" name="Cameroon" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, this subspecies is characteristically abundant on summits of hills, such as Nkolebengue (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FF9FFFE3C378770FAB225C20" author="THOMAS &amp; THOMAS" box="[352,638,818,845]" firstAuthor="THOMAS" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" refId="ref21020" refString="THOMAS D. &amp; THOMAS J. 1993. - Botanical and ecological survey of the Campo-Ma'an area, Cameroon - A report to the World Bank. Corvallis, Oregon." type="book" year="1993">THOMAS &amp; THOMAS 1993</bibRefCitation>
) and Zingui (this study). Near Yaoundé,
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FF9FFFE3C00E776DA86E5CE6" authorityName="McKey" authorityYear="2000" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="gracilicaulis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C00E776DABDA5C06" box="[534,646,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C2A2774DA86E5CE6" box="[186,306,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">gracilicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the most frequent trees in submontane forest from
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FF9FFFE3C3AD77B3AB445CC5" box="[437,536,910,937]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" unit="m" value="1000.0">1,000 m</quantity>
elevation upwards (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FF9FFFE3C2C37792A89D5CA5" author="ACHOUNDONG" box="[219,449,942,968]" firstAuthor="ACHOUNDONG" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" refId="ref19561" refString="ACHOUNDONG G. 1985. - Etude ecologique et floristique de la vegetation des collines de Yaounde au-dessus de 1000 m. These, Univ. Yaounde." type="book" year="1985">ACHOUNDONG 1985</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FF9FFFE3C3D67792AB565CA5" author="ACHOUNDONG" box="[462,522,942,968]" firstAuthor="ACHOUNDONG" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" pagination="37 - 52" refId="ref19614" refString="ACHOUNDONG G. 1996. - Les forets sommitales au Cameroun: vegetation et flore des collines de Yaounde. Bois et Forets des Tropiques 247: 37 - 52." type="journal article" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
). The nonmyrmecophytic
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FF9FFFE3C33977F0A8CF5C88" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[289,403,971,997]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C33977F0A8CF5C88" box="[289,403,971,997]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">L. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
abundant in forest on the summit of Nta Ali (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FF9FFFE3C36C77D7AB0B5B68" author="ACHOUNDONG" box="[372,599,1003,1029]" firstAuthor="ACHOUNDONG" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" pagination="51 - 63" refId="ref19589" refString="ACHOUNDONG G. 1995. - Les formations submontagnardes du Nta-Ali au Cameroun. Bois et Forets des Tropiques 243: 51 - 63." type="journal article" year="1995">ACHOUNDONG 1995</bibRefCitation>
) are also tentatively ascribed to this subspecies.This subspecies is much less frequent in lowland forests, where it is highly localised along streams and patchily distributed. (Within its range, lowland habitats are less constantly humid than hilltop and submontane habitats.) In the coastal plain, where the highly specialised myrmecophyte
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FF9FFFE3C00970FDA8705B94" authority="subsp. africana" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C00970FDABDA5BB6" box="[529,646,1217,1243]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C2D670E3A8705B94" box="[206,300,1247,1273]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
predominates (see below),
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FF9FFFE3C26A70C3A8E95A74" authorityName="McKey" authorityYear="2000" box="[114,437,1278,1305]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="gracilicaulis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C26A70C3A9BA5A75" box="[114,230,1278,1304]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C32570C3A8E95A74" box="[317,437,1279,1305]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">gracilicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected from two inselbergs (Colline Ngwon,
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FF9FFFE3C0137122AB0D5A55" box="[523,593,1310,1336]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" unit="km" value="38.0">38 km</quantity>
E of Kribi:
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C2A37100A8085A38" box="[187,340,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Letouzey 9371</emphasis>
; Nkoltsia,
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FF9FFFE3C3CA7101AB475A3A" box="[466,539,1341,1367]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
from the coast,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C2AA7167A8745A19" box="[178,296,1370,1397]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Villiers 807</emphasis>
). Near the latter site, it also occurs in lowland forest, near the village Nkoloboundé along the stream Bounde, where it occurs together, interspersed in the same forests, with the specialised myrmecophyte
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FF9FFFE3C30171E9AB6C5A82" authority="subsp. africana" box="[281,560,1493,1520]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C30171E9A8D75A82" box="[281,395,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C3C471E9AB6C5A82" box="[476,560,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is so far the only site where the two are known to cooccur.In forest along two other streams nearby,only
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FF9FFFE3C26A720DA8CC5926" authority="subsp. africana" box="[114,400,1585,1612]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C26A720DA9BA5926" box="[114,230,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C324720DA8CC5926" box="[316,400,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was present. The two subspecies may co-occur elsewhere, though. The collection
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C2FA7253A80459E5" box="[226,344,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Mpom 303</emphasis>
, from
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FF9FFFE3C3BC7253A8B759E4" box="[420,491,1647,1673]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
SE of Douala on the old Douala-Edea road, includes sheets of both
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FF9FFFE3C0C774F1AD475F85" ID-CoL="9DSGQ" authorityName="McKey" authorityYear="2000" box="[735,1051,205,232]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="gracilicaulis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C0C774F1AA0C5F8A" box="[735,848,205,231]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C1BB74F2AD475F85" box="[931,1051,206,232]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">gracilicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in P and YA) and of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FF9FFFE3C0E874D1AAD15E68" box="[752,909,235,263]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C12174D7AAD15E68" box="[825,909,235,261]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in BR).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FF9FFFE3C0A77536AD385D1A" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FF9FFFE3C0A77536AD385D1A" blockId="32.[677,1210,205,631]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
ECOLOGY. — This subspecies is not a myrmecophyte, but is “myrmecophilic,” attracting many different species of tree-dwelling ants to its foliar nectar. Some of these (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FF9FFFE3C1C3755BAB935EF3" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aculeatum">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C1C3755BAB935EF3" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Tetramorium aculeatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FF9FFFE3C0C775BAAAE15ECD" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[735,957,390,416]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oecophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longinoda">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C0C775BAAAE15ECD" box="[735,957,390,416]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Oecophylla longinoda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) establish nests on leaf surfaces, but no ants nest in twigs. Ant-exclusion experiments found no effect of these opportunistically attracted ants in protecting young leaves of the plant against herbivores (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FF9FFFE3C1F8763DAD285D76" author="GAUME L." box="[992,1140,513,539]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" refId="ref20090" refString="GAUME L. 1998. - Mutualisme, parasitisme et evolution des symbioses plantes-fourmis: le cas de Leonardoxa (Legumineuse) et de ses fourmis associees. These, Ecole Normale Superieure Agronomique de Montpellier." type="book" year="1998">GAUME 1998</bibRefCitation>
). This subspecies was termed “
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FF9FFFE3C1B97623AD6A5D54" box="[929,1078,543,569]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilicaulis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C1B97623AD6A5D54" box="[929,1078,543,569]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">L. gracilicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FF9FFFE3C67F7622ABB25D35" author="MCKEY" firstAuthor="MCKEY" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" pagination="310 - 355" refId="ref20754" refString="MCKEY D. 1991. - Phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of a mutualism: Leonardoxa (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) and its associated ants: 310 - 355, in HUXLEY C. &amp; CUTLER D. F. (eds.), Ant-Plant Interactions. Oxford University Press, Oxford." type="book chapter" year="1991">MCKEY (1991)</bibRefCitation>
and “
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FF9FFFE3C1367601AAC25D3A" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[814,926,573,599]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C1367601AAC25D3A" box="[814,926,573,599]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">L. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxon T1” by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FF9FFFE3C6227602AA1B5D1A" author="CHENUIL &amp; MCKEY" firstAuthor="CHENUIL" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" pagination="270 - 286" refId="ref19864" refString="CHENUIL A. &amp; MCKEY D. B. 1996. - Molecular phylogenetic study of a myrmecophyte symbiosis: did Leonardoxa / ant associations diversify via cospeciation? Molecular Phyl. Evol. 6: 270 - 286." type="journal article" year="1996">CHENUIL &amp; MCKEY (1996)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FF9FFFE3C1657660AD3C5D1A" author="BROUAT" box="[893,1120,604,631]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="BROUAT" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" pagination="459 - 470" refId="ref19755" refString="BROUAT C., GIBERNAU M., AMSELLEM A. &amp; MCKEY D. 1998. - Corner's rules revisited: ontogenetic and interspecific patterns in leaf-stem allometry. New Phytol. 139: 459 - 470." type="journal article" year="1998">BROUAT et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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. —
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:
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(
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)
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;
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FF9FFFE3C182768CAD5B5DA5" box="[922,1031,688,712]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Nkomnyat</collectingMunicipality>
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N
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(
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)
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;
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hill near
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(
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)
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;
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FF9FFFE3C19B76DEAD415D97" box="[899,1053,738,762]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Colline Ngwon</collectingMunicipality>
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E
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<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C69876DEADEA5D97" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C69876DEADEA5D97" box="[1152,1206,738,762]" country="Cameroon" municipality="Colline Ngwon" name="Kribi" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Kribi</location>
,
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(
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,
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)
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;
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FF9FFFE3C1E976C0AD635C79" box="[1009,1087,764,788]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Evelessi</collectingMunicipality>
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<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FF9FFFE3C65776C0ADC95C79" box="[1103,1173,764,788]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
W
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<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C0BD7729AA7C5C40" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C0BD7729AA7C5C40" box="[677,800,789,813]" country="Cameroon" municipality="Evelessi" name="Sangmelima" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Sangmelima</location>
,
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<collectorName id="26BA70F5FF9FFFE3C1347728AA215C46" box="[812,893,788,811]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Letouzey</collectorName>
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(
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,
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,
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,
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)
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;
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<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FF9FFFE3C0BD7712AA455C28" box="[677,793,814,838]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
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NE
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(
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,
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<collectorName id="26BA70F5FF9FFFE3C0BD777AABA75C33" box="[677,763,838,862]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">SRFCam</collectorName>
/
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(
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,
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;
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<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C18E7774AAB35C0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C18E7774AAB35C0D" box="[918,1007,840,864]" country="Cameroon" municipality="Staudt" name="Lolodorf" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Lolodorf</location>
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(
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,
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;
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colline
<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C0F2775DAA1C5C14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C0F2775DAA1C5C14" box="[746,832,865,889]" country="Cameroon" name="Nkoltsia" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Nkoltsia</location>
,
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<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C197775CAAE95C15" box="[911,949,864,888]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">807</collectorNumber>
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(
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)
</materialsCitation>
;
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S
</locationDeviation>
<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C630775DADC95C14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C630775DADC95C14" box="[1064,1173,865,889]" country="Cameroon" name="Mbalmayo" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Mbalmayo</location>
,
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<collectorName id="26BA70F5FF9FFFE3C685775CABA65CFF" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">W. de Wilde</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C11B7746AA6A5CFF" box="[771,822,890,914]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">1862</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
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,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C16C7746AADB5CFC" box="[884,903,890,913]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C18C7746AA9E5CFF" box="[916,962,890,914]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C1D67746AA825CFC" box="[974,990,890,913]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C1F37746AD755CFF" box="[1003,1065,890,914]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15578" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15578" name="Wageningen University" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">WAG</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C62C7746AD0B5CFF" box="[1076,1111,890,914]" country="Cameroon" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15278" name="National Herbarium of Cameroon" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">YA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFF9FFFE3C6717746AD4D5CC1" collectionCode="G, US, WAG" collectorName="Zenker ed. Weigel" country="United States of America" county="Weigel" location="Bipindi" municipality="Zenker" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C6717746ADEA5CFF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C6717746ADEA5CFF" box="[1129,1206,890,914]" country="United States of America" county="Weigel" municipality="Zenker" name="Bipindi" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Bipindi</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C0BD77A8AA325CC7" box="[677,878,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FF9FFFE3C0BD77A8AA135CC1" box="[677,847,916,940]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Zenker ed. Weigel</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C14D77AEAA325CC7" box="[853,878,914,938]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">37</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C16677A8AACF5CC1" box="[894,915,916,940]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C18677A8AA9C5CC1" box="[926,960,916,940]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">US</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C1D377A8AD565CC1" box="[971,1034,916,940]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15578" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15578" name="Wageningen University" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">WAG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFF9FFFE3C60477A8AD255C95" collectionCode="BR, P, K, WAG, 2255, 2255b, G, Z, MO" collectorName="Zenker" country="United States of America" location="Zenker" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C60477A8AD225CC7" box="[1052,1150,915,940]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FF9FFFE3C60477A8AD015CC1" box="[1052,1117,916,940]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Zenker</collectorName>
s.n
</emphasis>
. (
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C68B77A8ADEA5CC1" box="[1171,1206,916,940]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C0BD7791ABE95CA8" box="[677,693,941,965]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C0DE7791ABA55CA8" box="[710,761,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C0DE7791ABA55CA8" box="[710,761,941,965]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">1696</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C11D7791AA455CA8" box="[773,793,941,965]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C13A7791AA3D5CA8" box="[802,865,941,965]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">WAG</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C1697791AAF85CA8" box="[881,932,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C1697791AAF85CA8" box="[881,932,941,965]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">1698</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C1A87791AA885CA8" box="[944,980,941,965]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">BR</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C1FC7790AD4B5CA9" box="[996,1047,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C1FC7790AD4B5CA9" box="[996,1047,940,964]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">2255</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C63B7791AD6B5CA8" box="[1059,1079,941,965]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">K</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C6507791ADDB5CA8" box="[1096,1159,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C6507791ADDB5CA8" box="[1096,1159,941,965]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">2255b</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C68B7791ADEA5CA8" box="[1171,1206,941,965]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C0BD77FAABE65CB3" box="[677,698,966,990]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">G</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C0DF77FAAB865CB0" box="[711,730,966,989]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C0FF77FAABAB5CB0" box="[743,759,966,989]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C11B77FAAA1D5CB3" box="[771,833,966,990]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">WAG</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C15577FAAA035CB3" box="[845,863,966,990]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Z</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C16D77F9AAEF5CB0" box="[885,947,965,989]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C16D77F9AAEF5CB0" box="[885,947,965,989]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">2303a</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C1DB77FAAA8B5CB3" box="[963,983,966,990]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C1FB77FAAAAF5CB3" box="[995,1011,966,990]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">P</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C61077F9AD1A5CB0" box="[1032,1094,965,989]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C61077F9AD1A5CB0" box="[1032,1094,965,989]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">2989a</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C64E77FAAD255CB3" box="[1110,1145,966,990]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C69D77FAADC45CB0" box="[1157,1176,966,989]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C6BD77FAADE95CB0" box="[1189,1205,966,989]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C0BD77DCABB85C95" box="[677,740,992,1016]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">WAG</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C0EA77E2AA795C9B" box="[754,805,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C0EA77E2AA795C9B" box="[754,805,990,1014]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">3747</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C12977DCAA035C95" box="[817,863,992,1016]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">MO</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C17777E2AAFE5C9B" box="[879,930,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C17777E2AAFE5C9B" box="[879,930,990,1014]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">4545</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C1B577DCAA8C5C95" box="[941,976,992,1016]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C1C077DCAAB05C95" box="[984,1004,992,1016]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">K</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C1E477E2AD735C9B" box="[1020,1071,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C1E477E2AD735C9B" box="[1020,1071,990,1014]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">4972</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C62277DCAD015C95" box="[1082,1117,992,1016]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C67D77DCAD255C95" box="[1125,1145,992,1016]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">K</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
);
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFF9FFFE3C69177DCAD0A5B7C" collectionCode="MO" collectorName="Manning" country="United States of America" location="Bipindi" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FF9FFFE3C69177DCABB75B62" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FF9FFFE3C69177DCADE55C95" box="[1161,1209,992,1016]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" unit="km" value="3.0">3km</quantity>
WNW
</locationDeviation>
<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C0E377C5AA115B7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C0E377C5AA115B7C" box="[763,845,1017,1041]" country="United States of America" name="Bipindi" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Bipindi</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C17A77C4AD585B7D" box="[866,1028,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FF9FFFE3C17A77C4AAE35B62" box="[866,959,1016,1039]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Manning</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C1D777C4AD585B7D" box="[975,1028,1016,1040]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">1397</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C60577C5AD125B7C" box="[1053,1102,1017,1041]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFF9FFFE3C67377C5AA935B29" collectionCode="P, YA" collectorName="Mpom" country="United States of America" location="Edea" municipality="Douala" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Littoral Province" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="498BDBC1FF9FFFE3C67377C5ABA25B47" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Littoral Province</collectingRegion>
:
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FF9FFFE3C11E702EAA195B47" box="[774,837,1042,1066]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" unit="km" value="14.0">
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FF9FFFE3C11E702EAA195B47" box="[774,837,1042,1066]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FF9FFFE3C199702EAA955B47" box="[897,969,1042,1066]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Douala</collectingMunicipality>
on the old road to
<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C69B702EADEA5B47" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C69B702EADEA5B47" box="[1155,1206,1042,1066]" country="United States of America" municipality="Douala" name="Edea" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" stateProvince="Littoral Province">Edea</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C0BD7017AA4B5B2F" box="[677,791,1066,1090]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FF9FFFE3C0BD7017ABBF5B2F" box="[677,739,1067,1090]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Mpom</collectorName>
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FF9FFFE3C0E97016AA4B5B2F" box="[753,791,1066,1090]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6962" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" unit="in" value="303.0">
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C0E97016AA4B5B2F" box="[753,791,1066,1090]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">303</collectorNumber>
</quantity>
</emphasis>
in part (
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C19B7010AACF5B29" box="[899,915,1068,1092]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C1BE7010AA955B29" box="[934,969,1068,1092]" country="Cameroon" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15278" name="National Herbarium of Cameroon" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">YA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. —
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFF9FFFE3C6107010AD085B30" collectionCode="P" collectorName="Klaine" country="Gabon" location="Libreville" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Province Estuaire" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FF9FFFE3C6107010AD0C5B2C" box="[1032,1104,1068,1092]" name="Gabon" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">GABON</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498BDBC1FF9FFFE3C67C7010ABAB5B30" country="Gabon" name="Estuaire" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Province Estuaire</collectingRegion>
: near
<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C1257079AAC05B30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C1257079AAC05B30" box="[829,924,1093,1117]" country="Gabon" name="Libreville" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" stateProvince="Province Estuaire">Libreville</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C1B37079AD745B30" box="[939,1064,1093,1117]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FF9FFFE3C1B37079AAB55B30" box="[939,1001,1093,1117]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Klaine</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C1ED7079AD745B30" box="[1013,1064,1093,1117]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">3361</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C6247079AD105B30" box="[1084,1100,1093,1117]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFF9FFFE3C67D7079AABB5B1B" collectionCode="K, P" collectorName="Soyaux" country="Gabon" location="Sibange- Farm" municipality="Munda" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C67D7079AB805B18" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C67D7079AB805B18" country="Gabon" municipality="Munda" name="Sibange- Farm" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Sibange-Farm</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FF9FFFE3C0FC7062AA735B1B" box="[740,815,1118,1142]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Munda</collectingMunicipality>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C1207061AAF95B18" box="[824,933,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FF9FFFE3C1207061AA265B19" box="[824,890,1117,1140]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Soyaux</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C1677061AAF95B18" box="[895,933,1117,1141]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">104</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C1AA7062AA9A5B1B" box="[946,966,1118,1142]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C1D77062AA835B1B" box="[975,991,1118,1142]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFF9FFFE3C1E87062ABAF5BAF" collectionCode="WAG" collectorName="Breteler &amp; de Wilde" country="Gabon" elevation="600" location="Tchimbele River" municipality="Assok" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
ca.
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FF9FFFE3C6087062AD125B1B" box="[1040,1102,1118,1142]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" unit="km" value="15.0">
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FF9FFFE3C6087062AD125B1B" box="[1040,1102,1118,1142]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
along road from
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FF9FFFE3C0FD7044AA435BFD" box="[741,799,1144,1168]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Assok</collectingMunicipality>
to hydroelectric power plant in the
<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C0BD70ADAA115BC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C0BD70ADAA115BC4" box="[677,845,1169,1193]" country="Gabon" municipality="Assok" name="Tchimbele River" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Tchimbele River</location>
, ca.
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FF9FFFE3C16370ADAAE35BCA" box="[891,959,1168,1193]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" unit="m" value="600.0">
<elevation id="0062F210FF9FFFE3C16370ADAAE35BCA" box="[891,959,1168,1193]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C1D370ADADE65BC4" box="[971,1210,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
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(
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)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFF9FFFE3C11B7096AA6C5B98" collectionCode="BR, K, MO" collectorName="Le Testu" country="Cameroon" county="Ogouee" location="Ogouee R" municipality="Oyem" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Province Woleu-Ntem" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="498BDBC1FF9FFFE3C11B7096AAB15BAF" box="[771,1005,1194,1218]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Province Woleu-Ntem</collectingRegion>
: region of
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, between the
<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C13D70F8AAD25BB7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C13D70F8AAD25BB7" box="[805,910,1219,1244]" country="Cameroon" county="Ogouee" municipality="Oyem" name="Ogouee R" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" stateProvince="Province Woleu-Ntem">Ogouée R</location>
. and
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FF9FFFE3C1DF70F8AD6E5BB1" box="[967,1074,1220,1244]" name="Cameroon" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
,
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<collectorName id="26BA70F5FF9FFFE3C62670FFADCD5BB7" box="[1086,1169,1219,1242]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Le Testu</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
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,
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,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C0E270E1AA745B98" box="[762,808,1245,1269]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
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(BR, P);
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFF9FFFE3C1D770E1AA6F5A63" collectionCode="P, BR" collectorName="Le Testu" country="Gabon" location="Assoc Ngoum" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C1D770E1AD015B99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C1D770E1AD015B99" box="[975,1117,1244,1269]" country="Gabon" name="Assoc Ngoum" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Assoc Ngoum</location>
,
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<collectorName id="26BA70F5FF9FFFE3C67070E0ADE55B9E" box="[1128,1209,1244,1267]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Le Testu</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C0BD70C9AB845A60" box="[677,728,1269,1293]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">8995</collectorNumber>
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(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C0F170CAABA55A63" box="[745,761,1270,1294]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C11070CAAA705A63" box="[776,812,1270,1294]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">BR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFF9FFFE3C15870CAADEA5A45" collectionCode="B, K, MO" collectorName="Le Testu" country="Gabon" county="Le Testu" location="Gazi" municipality="Mambanza" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Province Ogouee-Ivindo" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="498BDBC1FF9FFFE3C15870CAAD655A63" box="[832,1081,1270,1294]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Province Ogouée-Ivindo</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FF9FFFE3C65E70CAADEA5A63" box="[1094,1206,1270,1294]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Mambanza</collectingMunicipality>
, between
<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C0E1712CAA7A5A45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C0E1712CAA7A5A45" box="[761,806,1296,1320]" country="Gabon" county="Le Testu" municipality="Mambanza" name="Gazi" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" stateProvince="Province Ogouee-Ivindo">Gazi</location>
and
<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C149712CAAEA5A45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C149712CAAEA5A45" box="[849,950,1296,1320]" country="Gabon" county="Le Testu" municipality="Mambanza" name="Dembona" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" stateProvince="Province Ogouee-Ivindo">Dembona</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C1A57133AD1D5A4B" box="[957,1089,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FF9FFFE3C1A57133AD565A4B" box="[957,1034,1295,1318]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Le Testu</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C6167132AD1D5A4B" box="[1038,1089,1294,1318]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">8888</collectorNumber>
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(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C654712CAD025A45" box="[1100,1118,1296,1320]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
,
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,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C698712CADF25A45" box="[1152,1198,1296,1320]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFF9FFFE3C0BD7114ADEA5A37" collectionCode="WAG" collectorName="Breteler &amp; de Wilde" country="Gabon" elevation="975" location="SOMIFER" municipality="Makokou" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
ca.
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FF9FFFE3C0D17115AA575A2C" box="[713,779,1321,1345]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" unit="km" value="24.0">
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along
<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C14B7115AA9C5A2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C14B7115AA9C5A2C" box="[851,960,1321,1345]" country="Gabon" municipality="Makokou" name="SOMIFER" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">SOMIFER</location>
road towards
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, elev.
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,
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<collectorName id="26BA70F5FF9FFFE3C171717EAAED5A37" box="[873,945,1346,1370]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Breteler</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FF9FFFE3C1CF717EAD725A37" box="[983,1070,1346,1370]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">de Wilde</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C620717DAD025A34" box="[1080,1118,1345,1369]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">704</collectorNumber>
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(
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)
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;
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFF9FFFE3C0BD7160ADCF5A19" box="[677,1171,1370,1396]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="Eckendorff" country="Gabon" location="Village Manyal" municipality="Bord Ivindo" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C0BD7160AA635A19" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C0BD7160AA635A19" box="[677,831,1372,1396]" country="Gabon" municipality="Bord Ivindo" name="Village Manyal" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Village Manyal</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FF9FFFE3C1547160AA955A19" box="[844,969,1372,1396]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Bord Ivindo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C1CE7160AD355A1F" box="[982,1129,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FF9FFFE3C1CE7160AD665A19" box="[982,1082,1372,1396]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Eckendorff</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C65B7166AD355A1F" box="[1091,1129,1370,1394]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">128</collectorNumber>
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(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C6637160ADD05A19" box="[1147,1164,1372,1396]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. —
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFF9FFFE3C0BD7148ADD15ACB" collectionCode="K" collectorName="Tessmann" country="Equatorial Guinea" location="Nscha'bat" municipality="Nkolentangun" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FF9FFFE3C1BA7149AD615AE0" box="[930,1085,1397,1421]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Nkolentangun</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C6497149ADE55AE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C6497149ADE55AE0" box="[1105,1209,1397,1421]" country="Equatorial Guinea" municipality="Nkolentangun" name="Nscha'bat" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Nscha’bat</location>
(undetermined locality),
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<collectorName id="26BA70F5FF9FFFE3C1AC71B2AD485AC8" box="[948,1044,1422,1445]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Tessmann</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFF9FFFE3C63C71B1AD0B5AC8" box="[1060,1111,1421,1445]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">284a</collectorNumber>
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(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C67771B2ADD85ACB" box="[1135,1156,1422,1446]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. —
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFF9FFFE3C0BD7194AD205AB4" collectionCode="P" collectorName="Chevalier" country="Republic of the Congo" location="Mbouamo" municipality="Sangha" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="BRAZZAVILLE" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FF9FFFE3C0BD7194AA095AD0" box="[677,853,1447,1472]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">CONGO REPUBLIC</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="498BDBC1FF9FFFE3C17A7194AABE5AD0" box="[866,994,1448,1472]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">BRAZZAVILLE</collectingRegion>
):
<location id="8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C1EE7194AD025AAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA0FFE3C0BD74F1ADDC5AB4:8E9043F8FF9FFFE3C1EE7194AD025AAD" box="[1014,1118,1448,1472]" country="Republic of the Congo" municipality="Sangha" name="Mbouamo" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" stateProvince="BRAZZAVILLE">Mbouamo</location>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FF9FFFE3C6727194ADEF5AAD" box="[1130,1203,1448,1472]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Sangha</collectingMunicipality>
) forêts (undetermined locality),
<emphasis id="B93BC931FF9FFFE3C1CD71FDAD0A5ABA" box="[981,1110,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FF9FFFE3C1CD71FDAD735AB4" box="[981,1071,1473,1497]" pageId="32" pageNumber="103">Chevalier</collectorName>
s.n.
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(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FF9FFFE3C67C71FDAD295AB4" box="[1124,1141,1473,1497]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="32" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

325
data/03/E6/A4/03E6A435FFA1FFDCC0BD763DA8B259C4.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
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<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA1FFDDC0BD763DAD415D54" blockId="30.[677,1210,511,569]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">
<heading id="D0B8A24FFFA1FFDDC0BD763DAD415D54" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC0BD763DABE45D76" bold="true" box="[677,696,513,539]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA1FFDDC0D975C3AA4E5D55" ID-CoL="9DSGS" authority="McKey" authorityName="McKey. The" authorityYear="2000" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="rumpiensis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC0D975C3AA965D76" bold="true" box="[705,970,511,539]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Leonardoxa africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC634763DADE65D76" bold="true" box="[1068,1210,513,539]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">rumpiensis</emphasis>
McKey
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC1037622AAC75D55" bold="true" box="[795,923,542,568]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A208744AFFA1FFDDC1037622AAC75D55" box="[795,923,542,568]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" rank="subSpecies">subsp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(= group 2)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFA1FFDDC0A7766FAA3F5D87" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA1FFDDC0A7766FAA3F5D87" blockId="30.[677,1210,595,1704]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC0A7766FAA3A5D01" box="[703,870,595,620]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Haec subspecies</emphasis>
Leonardoxae africanae
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA1FFDDC66C7668ABA05DE8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="letouzeyi">subsp. letouzeyi</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC11B7650AA3F5D87" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">perarcte affinis, sed ab ea glandulis nectariferis crateriformibus majoribus ac quoad numerum plus constantibus (ad foliola proximalia plerumque nullis ad duabus) atque foliolis utroque rhachidis latere plerumque duobus distinguitur.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFA1FFDDC0A776C4ABAC5C31" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA1FFDDC0A776C4ABAC5C31" blockId="30.[677,1210,595,1704]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA1FFDDC0A776C4ADD55C2C" collectingDate="1976-03-24" collectionCode="P" collectorName="Letouzey" country="Cameroon" county="Dikome Balue" elevation="1200" latitude="4.9166665" location="Kumba" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="9.25" municipality="Southwest Province" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Southwest Province" typeStatus="holotype">
TYPUS. —
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC13776C4AA975C62" box="[815,971,759,783]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA1FFDDC13776C4AADE5C62" box="[815,898,760,783]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Letouzey</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA1FFDDC19276CBAA975C62" box="[906,971,759,783]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">14577</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FFA1FFDDC1C176C4AD1A5C7D" box="[985,1094,760,784]" name="Cameroon" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498BDBC1FFA1FFDDC64A76C4AA595C47" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Southwest Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62916DAFFFA1FFDDC10A772EAAF35C47" box="[786,943,786,810]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Dikome Balue</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7B73E4FFA1FFDDC1A5772EAD525C47" box="[957,1038,786,810]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" precision="925" value="4.9166665">4°55’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7B73E4FFA1FFDDC603772EAD3A5C47" box="[1051,1126,786,810]" degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" precision="925" value="9.25">9°15’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FFA1FFDDC66D772EABB95C2C" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA1FFDDC66D772EADE55C47" box="[1141,1209,786,810]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
NNW
</locationDeviation>
<location id="8E9043F8FFA1FFDDC0F37717AA6B5C2E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA1FFDCC0BD763DA8B259C4:8E9043F8FFA1FFDDC0F37717AA6B5C2E" box="[747,823,811,835]" country="Cameroon" county="Dikome Balue" latitude="4.9166665" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="9.25" municipality="Southwest Province" name="Kumba" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" stateProvince="Southwest Province">Kumba</location>
,
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA1FFDDC1597717AACD5C2C" box="[833,913,810,835]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" unit="m" value="1200.0">
<elevation id="0062F210FFA1FFDDC1597717AACD5C2C" box="[833,913,810,835]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFF133E3FFA1FFDDC1847717AD7A5C2E" box="[924,1062,810,835]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" value="1976-03-24">
<collectingDate id="EFB5CA0BFFA1FFDDC1847717AD7A5C2E" box="[924,1062,810,835]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" value="1976-03-24">24 Mar. 1976</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<typeStatus id="54F4AB81FFA1FFDDC62B7717AD375C2E" box="[1075,1131,811,835]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">holo-</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA1FFDDC66D7716ADD95C2C" box="[1141,1157,810,833]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">P</collectionCode>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA1FFDDC6887717ABAC5C31" collectingDate="1976-03-24" collectionCode="K, YA" collectorName="Letouzey" country="Cameroon" county="Dikome Balue" elevation="1200" latitude="4.9166665" location="Letouzey" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="9.25" municipality="Southwest Province" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Southwest Province" typeStatus="isotype">
<typeStatus id="54F4AB81FFA1FFDDC6887717ADEA5C2E" box="[1168,1206,811,835]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">iso-</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA1FFDDC0BD7778ABE45C36" box="[677,696,836,859]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA1FFDDC0DA7778ABB95C31" box="[706,741,836,860]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">YA</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFA1FFDCC0A7774DA89B5DBF" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA1FFDCC0A7774DA8D45E0E" blockId="30.[677,1210,595,1704]" lastBlockId="31.[113,647,205,355]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">
Small tree, to
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA1FFDDC14F774DAACC5CE7" box="[855,912,880,907]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
tall. Trunk to
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA1FFDDC628774DAD285CE7" box="[1072,1140,880,907]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" unit="cm" value="35.0">35 cm</quantity>
diam. Young shoots produced in flushes consisting of (1-)2-3 internodes plus young leaves at each branch tip (in adult trees) (
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA1FFDDC1D777F1AD4E5C8B" box="[975,1042,972,999]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[677,705,309,326]" captionTargetBox="[114,647,205,546]" captionTargetId="figure-254@28.[108,649,205,546]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 7. — Examples of variation in the unit of growth within the Leonardoxa africana complex. A, a branch tip of L. africana subsp. rumpiensis (Dikome Balue site) showing two recently matured internodes and leaves produced in a flush of growth; these leaves are bright green (shiny in this photograph) and distinct from the older mature leaf (dark green, not shiny) produced in a previous growth flush; arrow marks the base of this flush. Bar = 10 cm. B, a branch tip of L. africana subsp. africana (Bombe Bakundu site) showing the one-leaf and internode unit of growth typical of all populations of this subspecies. Bar = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605812/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Internodes of young twigs (3-)5.5(-11) cm long, modified as myrmecodomatia, swollen, with thick pith; twigs (3-)4(-5) mm diam. at apex tapering to ca.
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA1FFDDC67C7015ADE65B2F" box="[1124,1210,1064,1091]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2-3 mm</quantity>
diam. at base of internode; enlarged pith extending throughout section of twig produced in a single growth flush; ant-cavities each 2-3 internodes long (in adult trees). Swollen internodes absent in seedlings, present only in plants ≥
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA1FFDDC62470FEADD85BB6" box="[1084,1156,1217,1244]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
tall. Prostoma of ant-domatia at apex of terminal internode of each flush of growth, opposite leaf insertion, roughly spherical in shape. Leaves 2 (-3)-jugate (
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA1FFDDC1317101AA375A3A" box="[809,875,1341,1367]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[677,705,1619,1636]" captionTargetBox="[688,1172,1272,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-682@29.[688,1181,1268,1593]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 9. — Typical leaves of the Leonardoxa africana complex, all drawn at same scale. Bar = 10 cm. A, L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis; B, L. africana subsp. rumpiensis; C, L. africana subsp. letouzeyi; D, L. africana subsp. africana." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605818/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Leaflets elliptic, falcate, apex acuminate to long-acuminate, smallest ones (proximal pair) (6.5-)16(-28) cm long and (2.7-) 6.5(-11) cm broad, largest leaflets (second pair) (7-)17.5(-30) cm long and (3-)7(-12) cm broad. Nectary glands of intermediate size (smooth gland surface oblong, about 1 ×
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA1FFDDC1C571C9AD175963" box="[989,1099,1524,1551]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
, not surrounded by a raised ring of tissue), usually 2(0-5) on proximal leaflets (
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA1FFDDC18A720EAA8A5921" box="[914,982,1586,1612]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[113,142,927,944]" captionTargetBox="[110,1203,596,900]" captionTargetId="figure-211@27.[99,1219,585,921]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 5. — Foliar nectaries of the Leonardoxa africana complex, all shown at the same scale: A, L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis (Zingui hill site); B, L. africana subsp. rumpiensis (Dikomé Balué site); C, L. africana subsp. africana (Akanga site). Nectaries of L. africana subsp. letouzeyi (not pictured) are similar in size to those of subsp. rumpiensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605808/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), (0-)1(-2) on other leaflets. Racemes short (axis
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA1FFDDC1FD726DAD695907" box="[997,1077,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3-5 cm</quantity>
long), with&gt; 40-60 flowers, axillary on twigs
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA1FFDDC60D7253AD3159E5" box="[1045,1133,1646,1673]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4-5 mm</quantity>
diam., also sometimes cauliflorous (on trunk up to
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA0FFDCC26974F2A9E65F8A" box="[113,186,205,232]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
diam.). Flowers
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA0FFDCC36E74F2A8865F8A" box="[374,474,205,232]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="cm" value="2.4" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.8">1.8-3 cm</quantity>
diam.; pedicels
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA0FFDCC26974D1A9B25E6B" box="[113,238,236,263]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="cm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3-0.5 cm</quantity>
long; calyx colour unknown, sepals
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA0FFDCC2697537A9B35E49" box="[113,239,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="cm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.8">0.8-1.1 cm</quantity>
long; petals mauve-pink to purple,
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA0FFDCC2697516A9B05E2E" box="[113,236,297,324]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="cm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.9">0.9-1.3 cm</quantity>
long. Ovule number unknown. Size of mature fruit unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA0FFDCC29475BAA89B5DBF" blockId="31.[113,647,389,1705]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
This subspecies is also a myrmecophyte; all trees possess swollen hollow internodes occupied by ants. As mentioned above,
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA0FFDCC3DB75FFA9BD5E97" authorityName="McKey. The" authorityYear="2000" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="rumpiensis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC3DB75FFAB655EB1" box="[451,569,450,476]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC26975DDA9BD5E97" box="[113,225,481,506]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">rumpiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares a number of traits with
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA0FFDCC05A75DEA9905D76" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="letouzeyi">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC269763DA9905D76" box="[113,204,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">letouzeyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that distinguish these two from
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA0FFDCC059763DA99A5D55" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC2697622A99A5D55" box="[113,198,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA0FFDCC3F97623ABDA5D54" box="[481,646,543,569]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="letouzeyi">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC0357623ABDA5D54" box="[557,646,543,569]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">letouzeyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its usually 2-jugate leaves (
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA0FFDCC3AE7602A8A55D35" box="[438,505,574,600]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[677,705,1619,1636]" captionTargetBox="[688,1172,1272,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-682@29.[688,1181,1268,1593]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 9. — Typical leaves of the Leonardoxa africana complex, all drawn at same scale. Bar = 10 cm. A, L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis; B, L. africana subsp. rumpiensis; C, L. africana subsp. letouzeyi; D, L. africana subsp. africana." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605818/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), the smaller size of its leaflets and stems, the constancy in nectary number, and its restriction to piedmont and submontane forest (above
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA0FFDCC38576A6A8B45DDE" box="[413,488,665,692]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
and probably more commonly above
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA0FFDCC3687685A8E75DBF" box="[368,443,696,723]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFA0FFDCC29476EAA86F5B68" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA0FFDCC29476EAA86F5B68" blockId="31.[113,647,389,1705]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
DISTRIBUTION. — This taxon occurs in the Rumpi Hills (
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA0FFDCC31176CAA8085C7D" box="[265,340,758,784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[113,141,1205,1222]" captionTargetBox="[177,1130,204,1176]" captionTargetId="figure-191@25.[171,1122,213,1163]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 3. — Geographic distribution of field localities of members of the Leonardoxa africana complex: L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis = Group 1; L. africana subsp. rumpiensis = Group 2; L. africana subsp. letouzeyi = Group 3; L. africana subsp. africana = Group 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605804/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA0FFDCC37B76CAA82F5C7D" box="[355,371,758,784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[114,142,1205,1222]" captionTargetBox="[178,1142,204,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-251@26.[182,1139,215,1168]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 4. — Geographic distribution of herbarium collections of the Leonardoxa africana complex examined in this study: L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis = Group 1; L. africana subsp. rumpiensis = Group 2; L. africana subsp. letouzeyi = Group 3; L. africana subsp. africana = Group 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605806/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">4</figureCitation>
), where it was studied in 5 field sites. Herbarium specimens from three other sites in the Rumpi Hills (see below) also appear to belong here. Material of myrmecophytic
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA0FFDCC2DB774CA8635CE4" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[195,319,879,905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC2DB774CA8635CE4" box="[195,319,879,905]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">L. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected from submontane forest on another hill in the Southwest Province (
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC2637791A8755CA5" box="[123,297,941,968]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Letouzey 13632</emphasis>
[K, P, YA], from a
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hill
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southwest of Mamfe) is tentatively placed in this subspecies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFA0FFDCC2947035A8415A9D" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA0FFDCC2947035A8415A9D" blockId="31.[113,647,389,1705]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">
ECOLOGY. — This myrmecophyte, in contrast to the two preceding subspecies, is restricted to submontane forest (and lowland forest transitional to it: “piedmont” [
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]). As in the other myrmecophytes, internodes are hollowed and occupied by ants, and each adult tree is occupied by a single ant colony. In contrast to the two preceding subspecies, each of which is principally associated with one (or two) ant species, a diverse array of ant species occupy trees in populations of the subspecies
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC0117100ABDA5A38" box="[521,646,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">rumpiensis</emphasis>
(D. MCKEY and R. SNELLING, unpubl. results). Nature of the interactions with ants has not been studied in this subspecies. This subspecies was termed “
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<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC2CF718BA80D5ABD" box="[215,337,1462,1488]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">L. africana</emphasis>
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taxon T2” by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA0FFDCC3E6718BA8445A9D" author="CHENUIL &amp; MCKEY" firstAuthor="CHENUIL" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" pagination="270 - 286" refId="ref19864" refString="CHENUIL A. &amp; MCKEY D. B. 1996. - Molecular phylogenetic study of a myrmecophyte symbiosis: did Leonardoxa / ant associations diversify via cospeciation? Molecular Phyl. Evol. 6: 270 - 286." type="journal article" year="1996">CHENUIL &amp; MCKEY (1996)</bibRefCitation>
.
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. —
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,
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hillside,
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W
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of
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<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA0FFDCC04A722DABDF5945" box="[594,643,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">D.W</emphasis>
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Thomas et al.
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forest,
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, near
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W
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Thomas &amp;
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forest,
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, near
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,
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et al.
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(
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colline,
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(près côte 897)
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of piste
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA0FFDCC38A724BAB1859E2" box="[402,580,1655,1679]" pageId="31" pageNumber="102">Abakpa-Mbiofong</collectingMunicipality>
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SW
</locationDeviation>
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,
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(
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,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA0FFDCC3B072ACA8E459CA" box="[424,440,1680,1703]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="31" pageNumber="102" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
,
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)
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

412
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<mods:title id="5B74AF379857ED0745CD4BFFF61C93A6">Leonardoxa africana (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae): a complex of mostly allopatric subspecies</mods:title>
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subsp.
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McKey
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Leonardoxae africanae
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<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC05E7002AB225B3B" box="[582,638,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">subsp</emphasis>
. africanae
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC2CF706BA9EE5A72" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
arcte affinis, sed ab ea medullae loculo per internodia duo triave continuo, foliorum expansione simultanea ramunculi ad nodos terminales duos tresve, glandulis nectariferis crateriformibus minoribus ac quoad numerum plus variabilibus (ad foliola proximalia plerumque nullis ad duabus) atque foliolis usque ad
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longis utroque rhachidis latere saepe quattuor distinguitur.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFA2FFDEC2947107A9B05ACD" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA2FFDEC2947107A9B05ACD" blockId="29.[113,647,1338,1440]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC2947107ABDA5AEB" collectingDate="1988-03-31" collectionCode="MO" collectorName="D. W. Thomas" country="Cameroon" elevation="250" latitude="5.233333" location="Baro Village" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="9.25" municipality="Southwest Province" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
TYPUS. —
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<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC2E57107A8D05A39" box="[253,396,1339,1364]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">D.W. Thomas</collectorName>
et al.
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</emphasis>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FFA2FFDEC00B7100ABDE5A39" box="[531,642,1340,1364]" name="Cameroon" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC2697169A86A5A00" box="[113,310,1365,1389]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Southwest Province</collectingMunicipality>
, roadside forest
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of
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7B73E4FFA2FFDEC2697152A9E25AEB" box="[113,190,1390,1414]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" precision="925" value="5.233333">5º14’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7B73E4FFA2FFDEC2D37152A84E5AEB" box="[203,274,1390,1414]" degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" precision="925" value="9.25">9º15’E</geoCoordinate>
,
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<elevation id="0062F210FFA2FFDEC3387152A8385AE8" box="[288,356,1390,1414]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
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<collectingDate id="EFB5CA0BFFA2FFDEC3697152A8A35AEB" box="[369,511,1390,1414]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" value="1988-03-31">31 Mar. 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
(
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,
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;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC26971B4A9B05ACD" box="[113,236,1416,1440]" collectingDate="1988-03-31" collectionCode="WAG" collectorName="D. W. Thomas" country="Cameroon" elevation="250" latitude="5.233333" location="Thomas" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="9.25" municipality="Southwest Province" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isotype">
<typeStatus id="54F4AB81FFA2FFDEC26971B4A9CB5ACD" box="[113,151,1416,1440]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">iso-</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC2B971B4A9BD5ACD" box="[161,225,1416,1440]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">WAG</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFA2FFDDC294718BA9805DD9" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA2FFDEC294718BAD575CA5" blockId="29.[113,647,1462,1704]" lastBlockId="29.[677,1210,205,968]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
Small tree, (rarely) to
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA2FFDEC383718BA8855ABD" box="[411,473,1462,1489]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
tall. Trunk to
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diam. Young shoots produced in flushes consisting of (1-)2-3 internodes plus young leaves at each branch tip (in adult trees). Internodes of young twigs (2.8-)7(-13) cm long, modified as myrmecodomatia, swollen, with thick pith; twigs (4-)5.5(-6.1) mm diam. at apex tapering to ca.
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA2FFDEC26972B2A9BF59CA" box="[113,227,1677,1704]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5-4 mm</quantity>
diam. at base of internode; enlarged pith extending throughout section of twig produced in a single growth flush; ant-cavities each 2-3 internodes long (in adult trees). Swollen internodes absent in seedlings, present only in plants ≥
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA2FFDEC11F7575AA125E0F" box="[775,846,328,355]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
tall. Prostoma of ant-domatia at apex of terminal internode of each flush of growth, opposite leaf insertion, roughly spherical in shape. Leaves (2-3-)4(-5)-jugate. Leaflets elliptic, falcate, apex long-acuminate, proximal ones (13.2-)17(-22) cm long and (4.5-)6(-8) cm broad, largest leaflets (next-to-distal pair) (14.5-) 21(-32) cm long and (5-)7.5(-12) cm broad. Nectary glands absent from some individuals; when present, appearing intermediate in size (smooth gland surface oblong, about 1 ×
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA2FFDEC6497647ADE95DF9" box="[1105,1205,634,661]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
, not surrounded by a raised ring of tissue) and few in number, usually 0-2 (very rarely up to 5) on proximal leaflets and usually absent on other leaflets. Racemes short (axis
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long), with 40-60 flowers, axillary on twigs of up to
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diam., also sometimes cauliflorous. Flowers
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diam.; pedicels
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA2FFDEC149776EAA965C06" box="[849,970,849,876]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" unit="cm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3-0.5 cm</quantity>
long; calyx pale lilac, sepals
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long; petals usually violet, sometimes pink,
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long. Ovules 4-5. Fruit to
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA2FFDEC0E67792AA1E5CAA" box="[766,834,941,968]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
long,
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broad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA2FFDDC0A777D7A9805DD9" blockId="29.[677,1210,1002,1152]" lastBlockId="30.[114,647,205,1704]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
The most distinctive trait of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA2FFDEC1E277D7AA5D5B49" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="letouzeyi">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC1E277D7AD315B69" box="[1018,1133,1002,1028]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC0BD7036AA5D5B49" box="[677,769,1034,1060]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">letouzeyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the large size of its stems and leaves (
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA2FFDEC0B57015AA555B2E" box="[685,777,1065,1091]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[677,705,1619,1636]" captionTargetBox="[688,1172,1272,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-682@29.[688,1181,1268,1593]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 9. — Typical leaves of the Leonardoxa africana complex, all drawn at same scale. Bar = 10 cm. A, L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis; B, L. africana subsp. rumpiensis; C, L. africana subsp. letouzeyi; D, L. africana subsp. africana." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605818/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
). Young twigs are much more robust than those of corresponding age of plants of any of the other subspecies, leaflets are larger, and 4- jugate leaves predominate on most adult trees, in contrast to the 2-or 3-jugate leaves which characterise the other subspecies. Another trait distinguishing the subspecies
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA1FFDDC39A7516A8835E29" box="[386,479,298,324]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="letouzeyi">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC39A7516A8835E29" box="[386,479,298,324]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">letouzeyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all other subspecies is the great variation among individual trees of the same population in the number of foliar nectaries. This subspecies shares with
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA1FFDDC26A7599A8715ED0" box="[114,301,420,447]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="rumpiensis">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC2A67598A8715ED0" box="[190,301,420,445]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">rumpiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
several traits that together distinguish them from
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA1FFDDC37B75FFAB4F5EB1" box="[355,531,450,477]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC3AE75FEAB4F5EB1" box="[438,531,450,476]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (1) Antcavities are first produced in juveniles over
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tall; (2) ant-cavities in adult trees extend over 2-3 internodes, corresponding to the units of growth produced in flushes; (3) vegetative growth is synchronised over the crown of the tree; (4) the prostoma is roughly spherical in shape (
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA1FFDDC26176A6A9935DD9" box="[121,207,666,692]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[113,141,1489,1506]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,1017,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-282@27.[103,1213,1012,1471]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 6. — Internodes of the Leonardoxa africana complex, showing variation in specialisations for housing ants. Bar = 2 cm in all photos. A, apex of internode (note point of attachment of the paripinnately compound leaf) of L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis (Mbalmayo site), showing absence of swelling in this non-myrmecophytic subspecies; B, longitudinal section of internode of L. africana subsp. africana (Bombé Bakundu site) showing the strongly swollen ant-domatium, which in this subspecies is a single internode long.— C and D, prostoma of two myrmecophytic subspecies, located in both cases at the apex of the internode opposite the point of leaf insertion; the diagonally cut structure at the top of each photo is the leaf rachis: C, circular prostoma of L. africana subsp. letouzeyi (Rengo Rock site); prostoma of L. africana subsp. rumpiensis (not shown) is roughly similar in size and shape; D, elongate prostoma of L. africana subsp. africana (Bombé Bakundu site). Both are on internodes produced by plants growing in a greenhouse at the University of Miami, on cuttings uninhabited by ants. The structures are not holes, but are scars produced by the spontaneous drying of the unlignified prostoma in mature internodes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605810/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3045ABFFA2FFDEC0BD726FAAB359C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605818" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4605818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605818/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" startId="29.[677,705,1619,1636]" targetBox="[688,1172,1272,1585]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA2FFDEC0BD726FAAB359C9" blockId="29.[677,1211,1619,1700]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
Fig. 9. — Typical leaves of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA2FFDEC1B6726FAD3B5909" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[942,1127,1619,1636]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC1B6726FAD3B5909" bold="true" box="[942,1127,1619,1636]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Leonardoxa africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, all drawn at same scale. Bar = 10 cm.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC1F07254AAA95914" bold="true" box="[1000,1013,1640,1657]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">A</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA2FFDEC1E77254ABB759E3" authorityName="McKey" authorityYear="2000" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="gracilicaulis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC1E77254AD095914" box="[1023,1109,1640,1657]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC6807254ABB759E3" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">gracilicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC0ED7241AA5E59E3" bold="true" box="[757,770,1661,1678]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">B</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA2FFDEC1157241AD5D59E3" box="[781,1025,1661,1678]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="rumpiensis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC1157241AA3F59E3" box="[781,867,1661,1678]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC1BF7241AD5D59E3" box="[935,1025,1661,1678]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">rumpiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC6147241AD4659E3" bold="true" box="[1036,1050,1661,1678]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">C</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA2FFDEC63D7241ABB259C9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="letouzeyi">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC63D7241AD2759E3" box="[1061,1147,1661,1678]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC0BD72AFABB259C9" box="[677,750,1683,1700]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">letouzeyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC0EF72AFAA5959C9" bold="true" box="[759,773,1683,1700]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">D</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA2FFDEC10872AFAAB559C9" authority="subsp. africana" box="[784,1001,1683,1700]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC10872AFAA3959C9" box="[784,869,1683,1700]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC1B072AFAAB559C9" box="[936,1001,1683,1700]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFA1FFDDC2947684A8225C8A" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA1FFDDC2947684A8225C8A" blockId="30.[114,647,205,1704]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">
DISTRIBUTION. — This subspecies occurs in the wettest forests of Africa, the lowland forests near the Bight of Biafra (
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA1FFDDC39476CAA8865C7D" box="[396,474,758,784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[113,141,1205,1222]" captionTargetBox="[177,1130,204,1176]" captionTargetId="figure-191@25.[171,1122,213,1163]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 3. — Geographic distribution of field localities of members of the Leonardoxa africana complex: L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis = Group 1; L. africana subsp. rumpiensis = Group 2; L. africana subsp. letouzeyi = Group 3; L. africana subsp. africana = Group 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605804/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA1FFDDC3F076CAA8A55C7D" box="[488,505,758,784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[114,142,1205,1222]" captionTargetBox="[178,1142,204,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-251@26.[182,1139,215,1168]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 4. — Geographic distribution of herbarium collections of the Leonardoxa africana complex examined in this study: L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis = Group 1; L. africana subsp. rumpiensis = Group 2; L. africana subsp. letouzeyi = Group 3; L. africana subsp. africana = Group 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605806/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">4</figureCitation>
). It is found from Uwet Division, Calabar Province,
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FFA1FFDDC0377729ABDF5C42" box="[559,643,789,815]" name="Nigeria" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
, through Korup National Park on Cameroon’s border with
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FFA1FFDDC2E2776EA8115C01" box="[250,333,850,876]" name="Nigeria" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
, and throughout the Mamfe Plain and
<collectingRegion id="498BDBC1FFA1FFDDC2F4774DA8295CE6" box="[236,373,881,907]" country="Nigeria" name="Cross River" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Cross River</collectingRegion>
area. Its range extends northward at least to the Takamanda Forest Reserve north of Mamfe. The eastern limit of its distribution is uncertain.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFA1FFDDC29477D6A8CB59C5" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA1FFDDC29477D6A8CB59C5" blockId="30.[114,647,205,1704]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">
ECOLOGY. — This subspecies is a myrmecophyte in which swollen stems may first appear in juveniles about
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tall (but more commonly in saplings
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or taller). While saplings are associated with small colonies of any of several species of twig-nesting ants, mature individuals are occupied solely by the formicine ant
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA1FFDDC3C6709FA9C55BB6" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphomomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC3C6709FA9C55BB6" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Aphomomyrmex afer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which protects young leaves of the host tree against insect herbivores (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA1FFDDC38870DDAB7B5B96" author="GAUME L." box="[400,551,1249,1275]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" refId="ref20090" refString="GAUME L. 1998. - Mutualisme, parasitisme et evolution des symbioses plantes-fourmis: le cas de Leonardoxa (Legumineuse) et de ses fourmis associees. These, Ecole Normale Superieure Agronomique de Montpellier." type="book" year="1998">GAUME 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA1FFDDC02D70DDA8795A74" author="GAUME L. &amp; MCKEY D." pageId="30" pageNumber="101" pagination="593 - 601" refId="ref20127" refString="GAUME L. &amp; MCKEY D. 1998. - Protection against herbivores of the myrmecophyte Leonardoxa africana (Baill.) Aubrev. T 3 by its principal ant inhabitant Aphomomyrmex afer Emery. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences de la Vie / Life Sciences 321: 593-601." type="journal article" year="1998">GAUME &amp; MCKEY 1998</bibRefCitation>
). This subspecies was termed “
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA1FFDDC06870C3A98F5A55" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="letouzeyi">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC06870C3A98F5A55" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">L. letouzeyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA1FFDDC3167121A8E25A55" author="MCKEY" box="[270,446,1309,1336]" firstAuthor="MCKEY" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" pagination="310 - 355" refId="ref20754" refString="MCKEY D. 1991. - Phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of a mutualism: Leonardoxa (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) and its associated ants: 310 - 355, in HUXLEY C. &amp; CUTLER D. F. (eds.), Ant-Plant Interactions. Oxford University Press, Oxford." type="book chapter" year="1991">MCKEY (1991)</bibRefCitation>
and “
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA1FFDDC0117121ABDA5A5A" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[521,646,1309,1335]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC0117121ABDA5A5A" box="[521,646,1309,1335]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">L. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxon T3” by C HENUIL &amp; M C K EY (1996),
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA1FFDDC26A7167A8375A18" author="GAUME L. &amp; MCKEY D." box="[114,363,1370,1397]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" pagination="593 - 601" refId="ref20127" refString="GAUME L. &amp; MCKEY D. 1998. - Protection against herbivores of the myrmecophyte Leonardoxa africana (Baill.) Aubrev. T 3 by its principal ant inhabitant Aphomomyrmex afer Emery. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences de la Vie / Life Sciences 321: 593-601." type="journal article" year="1998">GAUME et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA1FFDDC3B37167A9E25AF9" author="GAUME L. &amp; MCKEY D." pageId="30" pageNumber="101" pagination="593 - 601" refId="ref20127" refString="GAUME L. &amp; MCKEY D. 1998. - Protection against herbivores of the myrmecophyte Leonardoxa africana (Baill.) Aubrev. T 3 by its principal ant inhabitant Aphomomyrmex afer Emery. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences de la Vie / Life Sciences 321: 593-601." type="journal article" year="1998">GAUME &amp; MCKEY (1998)</bibRefCitation>
. The ant occupants of this subspecies tend scale insects and mealybugs inside the hollow stems of the host (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA1FFDDC32C718BAB5D5ABC" author="GAUME L. &amp; MCKEY D." box="[308,513,1462,1489]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" pagination="593 - 601" refId="ref20127" refString="GAUME L. &amp; MCKEY D. 1998. - Protection against herbivores of the myrmecophyte Leonardoxa africana (Baill.) Aubrev. T 3 by its principal ant inhabitant Aphomomyrmex afer Emery. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences de la Vie / Life Sciences 321: 593-601." type="journal article" year="1998">GAUME et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
), in contrast to the ants associated with the subspecies
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA1FFDDC26A71CFA99B5960" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[114,199,1523,1549]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC26A71CFA99B5960" box="[114,199,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which never tend homopterans. (For the subspecies
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC2E3722FA8265941" box="[251,378,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">rumpiensis</emphasis>
, more information is required on this point.) As argued by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA1FFDDC001720EA9B95906" author="GAUME L. &amp; MCKEY D." pageId="30" pageNumber="101" pagination="593 - 601" refId="ref20127" refString="GAUME L. &amp; MCKEY D. 1998. - Protection against herbivores of the myrmecophyte Leonardoxa africana (Baill.) Aubrev. T 3 by its principal ant inhabitant Aphomomyrmex afer Emery. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences de la Vie / Life Sciences 321: 593-601." type="journal article" year="1998">GAUME et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, this dependence on homopterans is related to the low and variable number of foliar nectaries in this subspecies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFA1FFDDC0A774F1AAF15E8E" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA1FFDDC0A774F1AAF15E8E" blockId="30.[677,1210,205,483]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA1FFDDC0A774F1AAE65F92" collectionCode="BR, K, P" collectorName="Latilo" country="Nigeria" location="Calabar River" municipality="Uwet Division" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rivers" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54F4AB81FFA1FFDDC0A774F1AA705F8E" box="[703,812,205,228]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
. —
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FFA1FFDDC14674F1AAEF5F8E" box="[862,947,205,228]" name="Nigeria" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">NIGERIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA1FFDDC1DB74F1AD035F8B" box="[963,1119,205,230]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Uwet Division</collectingMunicipality>
:
<location id="8E9043F8FFA1FFDDC67374F2AB815F92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA2FFDDC26977D7AAF15E8E:8E9043F8FFA1FFDDC67374F2AB815F92" country="Nigeria" municipality="Uwet Division" name="Calabar River" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" stateProvince="Rivers">Calabar River</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC0F074DBAA1E5F93" box="[744,834,230,255]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA1FFDDC0F074DBAA7C5F92" box="[744,800,231,255]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Latilo</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA1FFDDC13174DAAA1E5F93" box="[809,834,230,254]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">35</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA1FFDDC14A74DBAA295F92" box="[850,885,231,255]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA1FFDDC19A74DAAACA5F90" box="[898,918,230,253]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA1FFDDC1BA74DBAAEE5F92" box="[930,946,231,255]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA1FFDDC1DE74DBADEA5F92" box="[966,1206,230,255]" collectionCode="K" collectorName="Talbot" country="Nigeria" location="Oban" municipality="Oban" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA1FFDDC1DE74DBAD5D5F92" box="[966,1025,231,255]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Oban</collectingMunicipality>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC61674DBADD65F93" box="[1038,1162,230,255]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA1FFDDC61674DBAD115F92" box="[1038,1101,231,255]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Talbot</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA1FFDDC64E74DAADD65F93" box="[1110,1162,230,254]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">1440</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA1FFDDC68174DBADF25F92" box="[1177,1198,231,255]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. —
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA1FFDDC0DE753CABA25E26" collectionCode="BR, K" collectorName="Coombe" country="Cameroon" county="Southwest Province" elevation="457" location="Mamfe" municipality="Bamenda Road" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Southwest Province" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FFA1FFDDC0DE753CAA665E78" box="[710,826,256,280]" name="Cameroon" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498BDBC1FFA1FFDDC151753CAD535E75" box="[841,1039,256,280]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Southwest Province</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA1FFDDC603753CADEA5E75" box="[1051,1206,256,280]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Bamenda Road</collectingMunicipality>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FFA1FFDDC0BD7526ABAF5E5F" box="[677,755,282,306]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Mile 43</locationDeviation>
from
<location id="8E9043F8FFA1FFDDC12B7526AA205E5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA2FFDDC26977D7AAF15E8E:8E9043F8FFA1FFDDC12B7526AA205E5F" box="[819,892,282,306]" country="Cameroon" county="Southwest Province" municipality="Bamenda Road" name="Mamfe" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" stateProvince="Southwest Province">Mamfe</location>
, 1,500 ft (
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA1FFDDC1FF7526AD715E5F" box="[999,1069,282,306]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" unit="m" value="460.0">
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</quantity>
),
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC6587526ADE65E5D" box="[1088,1210,280,306]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA1FFDDC6587526ADD05E5F" box="[1088,1164,282,306]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Coombe</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA1FFDDC68C7524ADE65E5D" box="[1172,1210,280,304]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">191</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA1FFDDC0B4750FAB8E5E26" box="[684,722,307,331]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA1FFDDC0F9750FABAB5E26" box="[737,759,307,331]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA1FFDDC114750FAA3B5E09" collectionCode="P, YA" collectorName="McKey" country="Cameroon" county="Akpasang River" location="Akpasang River" municipality="Korup National Park" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8E9043F8FFA1FFDDC114750FAAE75E26" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA2FFDDC26977D7AAF15E8E:8E9043F8FFA1FFDDC114750FAAE75E26" box="[780,955,307,331]" country="Cameroon" county="Akpasang River" municipality="Korup National Park" name="Akpasang River" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Akpasang River</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA1FFDDC1D1750EADEA5E26" box="[969,1206,306,331]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Korup National Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC0BD7570AA575E0E" box="[677,779,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA1FFDDC0BD7570ABB55E0E" box="[677,745,332,355]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">McKey</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA1FFDDC0E97577AA575E0E" box="[753,779,331,355]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">72</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA1FFDDC1057570AA725E09" box="[797,814,332,356]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA1FFDDC1247570AA3D5E09" box="[828,865,332,356]" country="Cameroon" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15278" name="National Herbarium of Cameroon" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" type="Herbarium">YA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA1FFDDC16C7577ABB65EFA" collectionCode="MO" collectorName="Manning" country="Cameroon" county="Korup National Park" location="Mana River" municipality="Mana River" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCounty id="62916DAFFFA1FFDDC16C7577AD045E09" box="[884,1112,331,356]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Korup National Park</collectingCounty>
, between
<location id="8E9043F8FFA1FFDDC0BD7559AA7A5E13" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA2FFDDC26977D7AAF15E8E:8E9043F8FFA1FFDDC0BD7559AA7A5E13" box="[677,806,357,382]" country="Cameroon" county="Korup National Park" municipality="Mana River" name="Mana River" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Mana River</location>
bridge and
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FFA1FFDDC1B7755AAD545E13" box="[943,1032,358,382]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Camp 1</locationDeviation>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC6007559ADE55E11" box="[1048,1209,356,380]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA1FFDDC6007559AD255E11" box="[1048,1145,357,380]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Manning</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA1FFDDC69A7558ADE55E11" box="[1154,1209,356,380]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">1714</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA1FFDDC0B57543ABBD5EFA" box="[685,737,383,407]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA1FFDDC0E37543ADE95EDD" collectionCode="BR, US" collectorName="D. W. Thomas" country="United States of America" elevation="50" location="Ndian Oil Palm Plantation" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
disturbed forest near
<location id="8E9043F8FFA1FFDDC1E57543AA455EDD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA2FFDDC26977D7AAF15E8E:8E9043F8FFA1FFDDC1E57543AA455EDD" country="United States of America" name="Ndian Oil Palm Plantation" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Ndian Oil Palm Plantation</location>
,
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA1FFDDC13F75A4AA3E5EC3" box="[807,866,407,432]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" unit="m" value="50.0">
<elevation id="0062F210FFA1FFDDC13F75A4AA3E5EC3" box="[807,866,407,432]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC16875A4AD185EDD" box="[880,1092,408,432]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA1FFDDC16875A4AD5F5EDD" box="[880,1027,408,432]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">D.W. Thomas</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA1FFDDC61575A4AD185EDD" box="[1037,1092,408,432]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">4269</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA1FFDDC64D75A4AD275EDD" box="[1109,1147,408,432]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA1FFDDC69075A4ADF15EDD" box="[1160,1197,408,432]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">US</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA1FFDDC0BD758EAAF65E8E" collectionCode="MO" collectorName="D. W. Thomas" country="United States of America" elevation="170" location="Matene" municipality="Takamanda Forest Reserve" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA1FFDDC0BD758EAA955EA5" box="[677,969,433,458]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Takamanda Forest Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
, near
<location id="8E9043F8FFA1FFDDC615758DAD3C5EA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA2FFDDC26977D7AAF15E8E:8E9043F8FFA1FFDDC615758DAD3C5EA5" box="[1037,1120,433,456]" country="United States of America" municipality="Takamanda Forest Reserve" name="Matene" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">Matene</location>
,
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA1FFDDC675758EADE95EA5" box="[1133,1205,433,458]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" unit="m" value="170.0">
<elevation id="0062F210FFA1FFDDC675758EADE95EA5" box="[1133,1205,433,458]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" unit="m" value="170.0">170 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA1FFDDC0BD75F6AA395E8F" box="[677,869,458,483]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA1FFDDC0BD75F6AA705E8E" box="[677,812,458,483]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">D.W. Thomas</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA1FFDDC12A75F6AA395E8F" box="[818,869,458,482]" pageId="30" pageNumber="101">4527</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA1FFDDC16B75F7AAFE5E8E" box="[883,930,459,483]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="30" pageNumber="101" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

868
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<document id="ECF85F705CE1503D61354A22847D1476" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4605796" ID-ISSN="1639-4798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4605796" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,operationResults,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1615827991694" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Mckey, Doyle B." docDate="2000" docId="03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6" docLanguage="en" docName="Adansonia.22.1.71-109.pdf" docOrigin="Adansonia (3) 22 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CB241A4BDED3F88A438CB4AD43664FA9.3:Adansonia.2000.journal_article" docStyleId="CB241A4BDED3F88A438CB4AD43664FA9" docStyleName="Adansonia.2000.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Leonardoxa africana subsp. africana Aubrev." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="FFDFDC4DFFBFFFC3C218743CA95C5F6D" masterDocTitle="Leonardoxa africana (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae): a complex of mostly allopatric subspecies" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="96" updateTime="1749821102995" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="92BC7CAE3E420DA3792E8A05F67E223F">Leonardoxa africana (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae): a complex of mostly allopatric subspecies</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C190CE91676BABEBFB281A673BB7FB9E">Mckey, Doyle B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6C510A37D96D63F7A8286D1C5836CEA1">Centre d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (UPR CNRS 9056), Université Montpellier II, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 05, France.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8377ABD0A6CDF6661BF4DD601DD0F310">Adansonia</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="94006786CA5A3690105B98C559716CF4">2000</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="52558B954DE074B7A0DB3049CCFB0BB7">2000-06-03</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA6FFDAC269718BA8305A9D" blockId="25.[113,647,1462,1704]" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">
<heading id="D0B8A24FFFA6FFDAC269718BA8305A9D" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="96" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA6FFDAC269718BA9DB5ABC" bold="true" box="[113,135,1463,1489]" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA6FFDAC296718AA9B55A9D" ID-CoL="3T6GW" authority="(Baill.) Aubrev." authorityName="Aubrev." baseAuthorityName="Baill." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA6FFDAC296718AA8DE5ABC" bold="true" box="[142,386,1462,1489]" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Leonardoxa africana</emphasis>
(Baill.) Aubrév. subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA6FFDAC29671EAA9B55A9D" bold="true" box="[142,233,1494,1520]" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= group 4)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFA6FFD8C29471C8AB375D76" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="25" pageNumber="96" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA6FFD9C29471C8AD175AF9" blockId="25.[113,647,1462,1704]" lastBlockId="26.[677,1210,1340,1428]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">
Tree to
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tall. Trunk (rarely) to
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diam., usually under
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diam. Young shoots produced in flushes consisting of only a single internode and young leaf at each branch tip. Internodes of young twigs (2.5-)3.5-7.5(-9) cm long, modified as myrmecodomatia, swollen, with thick pith except at base; twigs
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diam. at apex tapering to ca.
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diam. at base of internode; ant-cavities each a single internode long. Swollen internodes present from the seedling stage (
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tall) onward. Prostoma of ant-domatia at apex of internode opposite leaf insertion, elliptic. Leaves (2-)3(-rarely 4)-jugate. Leaflets elliptic, falcate, apex long-acuminate, the smallest leaflets (proximal pair) (7.8-)13(-15) cm long and (3.5-)5(-6) cm broad, the largest ones (distal pair in 2-jugate leaves, next-to-distal pair in 3- and 4-jugate leaves) (9.5-)15(-20) cm long and (4-)5.5(-7) cm broad; nectary glands large (smooth gland surface oblong, about 1 ×
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, surrounded by a raised ring of tissue about
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broad), consistently present on abaxial surface of each leaflet, with (2-)3-5 glands on each proximal leaflet, (1-)2(-3) glands on each median leaflet, and (0-)1-2 glands on each distal leaflet. Racemes to
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long, with 40-50 flowers, usually cauliflorous, borne on main trunk and on large branches, or ramiflorous on twigs of ca.
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diam. and larger. Flowers
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in diam.; pedicels
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long; calyx green or red, sepals
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long; petals violet, purple, mauve, pink or red, 0.6-1.0 cm long. Ovules 4-5. Fruit oblongobovate,
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long,
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broad.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3045ABFFA5FFD9C26A7089A84F5B9C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605806" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4605806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605806/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" startId="26.[114,142,1205,1222]" targetBox="[178,1142,204,1175]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA5FFD9C26A7089A84F5B9C" blockId="26.[114,1211,1205,1265]" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">
Fig. 4. — Geographic distribution of herbarium collections of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA5FFD9C08A7089AA165BAB" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[658,842,1205,1222]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA5FFD9C08A7089AA165BAB" bold="true" box="[658,842,1205,1222]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">Leonardoxa africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex examined in this study:
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA5FFD9C67B7089A84C5BB1" authorityName="McKey" authorityYear="2000" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="gracilicaulis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA5FFD9C67B7089ADE55BAB" box="[1123,1209,1205,1222]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA5FFD9C2A870F7A84C5BB1" box="[176,272,1227,1244]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">gracilicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
= Group 1;
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA5FFD9C36170F7AB335BB1" box="[377,623,1227,1244]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="rumpiensis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA5FFD9C36170F7A88C5BB1" box="[377,464,1227,1244]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA5FFD9C00D70F7AB335BB1" box="[533,623,1227,1244]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">rumpiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
= Group 2;
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA5FFD9C0CF70F7AAE05BB1" box="[727,956,1227,1244]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="letouzeyi">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA5FFD9C0CF70F7AA725BB1" box="[727,814,1227,1244]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA5FFD9C16B70F7AAE05BB1" box="[883,956,1227,1244]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">letouzeyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
= Group 3;
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA5FFD9C63C70F7A9EF5B9C" authority="subsp. africana" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA5FFD9C63C70F7AD275BB1" box="[1060,1147,1227,1244]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA5FFD9C26A70DCA9EF5B9C" box="[114,179,1248,1265]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
= Group 4.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA5FFD9C0A7718BAD1C5ABD" authority="subsp. africana" box="[703,1088,1462,1489]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA5FFD9C0A7718BAAC95ABD" box="[703,917,1462,1489]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">Leonardoxa africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA5FFD9C1F3718AAD1C5ABD" box="[1003,1088,1462,1488]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a highly specialised myrmecophyte, differing from the other myrmecophytic subspecies in a number of traits: (1) Foliar nectaries (
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA5FFD9C1C5722FAD6A5940" box="[989,1078,1555,1581]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[113,142,927,944]" captionTargetBox="[110,1203,596,900]" captionTargetId="figure-211@27.[99,1219,585,921]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 5. — Foliar nectaries of the Leonardoxa africana complex, all shown at the same scale: A, L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis (Zingui hill site); B, L. africana subsp. rumpiensis (Dikomé Balué site); C, L. africana subsp. africana (Akanga site). Nectaries of L. africana subsp. letouzeyi (not pictured) are similar in size to those of subsp. rumpiensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605808/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
) are larger, more numerous, and less variable in presence/absence and number than in the other subspecies; (2) only a single leaf-bearing internode is produced in each flush of growth at a branch tip, so that each ant-cavity is a single internode long (
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA4FFD8C33A74D1A8235E6A" box="[290,383,237,263]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[113,141,1489,1506]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,1017,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-282@27.[103,1213,1012,1471]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 6. — Internodes of the Leonardoxa africana complex, showing variation in specialisations for housing ants. Bar = 2 cm in all photos. A, apex of internode (note point of attachment of the paripinnately compound leaf) of L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis (Mbalmayo site), showing absence of swelling in this non-myrmecophytic subspecies; B, longitudinal section of internode of L. africana subsp. africana (Bombé Bakundu site) showing the strongly swollen ant-domatium, which in this subspecies is a single internode long.— C and D, prostoma of two myrmecophytic subspecies, located in both cases at the apex of the internode opposite the point of leaf insertion; the diagonally cut structure at the top of each photo is the leaf rachis: C, circular prostoma of L. africana subsp. letouzeyi (Rengo Rock site); prostoma of L. africana subsp. rumpiensis (not shown) is roughly similar in size and shape; D, elongate prostoma of L. africana subsp. africana (Bombé Bakundu site). Both are on internodes produced by plants growing in a greenhouse at the University of Miami, on cuttings uninhabited by ants. The structures are not holes, but are scars produced by the spontaneous drying of the unlignified prostoma in mature internodes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605810/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">Figs. 6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA4FFD8C39574D0A8F25E6B" box="[397,430,236,262]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[677,705,309,326]" captionTargetBox="[114,647,205,546]" captionTargetId="figure-254@28.[108,649,205,546]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 7. — Examples of variation in the unit of growth within the Leonardoxa africana complex. A, a branch tip of L. africana subsp. rumpiensis (Dikome Balue site) showing two recently matured internodes and leaves produced in a flush of growth; these leaves are bright green (shiny in this photograph) and distinct from the older mature leaf (dark green, not shiny) produced in a previous growth flush; arrow marks the base of this flush. Bar = 10 cm. B, a branch tip of L. africana subsp. africana (Bombe Bakundu site) showing the one-leaf and internode unit of growth typical of all populations of this subspecies. Bar = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605812/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">7B</figureCitation>
); (3) growth of different branch tips is not synchronised over the crown of the tree; (4) specialised swollen internodes appear much earlier (seedlings
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tall) in plant ontogeny than in the other subspecies; (5) the prostoma is elliptic-oblong rather than spherical in shape (
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA4FFD8C3127599A8385ED2" box="[266,356,421,447]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[113,141,1489,1506]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,1017,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-282@27.[103,1213,1012,1471]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 6. — Internodes of the Leonardoxa africana complex, showing variation in specialisations for housing ants. Bar = 2 cm in all photos. A, apex of internode (note point of attachment of the paripinnately compound leaf) of L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis (Mbalmayo site), showing absence of swelling in this non-myrmecophytic subspecies; B, longitudinal section of internode of L. africana subsp. africana (Bombé Bakundu site) showing the strongly swollen ant-domatium, which in this subspecies is a single internode long.— C and D, prostoma of two myrmecophytic subspecies, located in both cases at the apex of the internode opposite the point of leaf insertion; the diagonally cut structure at the top of each photo is the leaf rachis: C, circular prostoma of L. africana subsp. letouzeyi (Rengo Rock site); prostoma of L. africana subsp. rumpiensis (not shown) is roughly similar in size and shape; D, elongate prostoma of L. africana subsp. africana (Bombé Bakundu site). Both are on internodes produced by plants growing in a greenhouse at the University of Miami, on cuttings uninhabited by ants. The structures are not holes, but are scars produced by the spontaneous drying of the unlignified prostoma in mature internodes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605810/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Also, while cauliflory on old branches, or even on the trunk, occurs in all three myrmecophytic subspecies, it appears to be especially frequent in
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA4FFD8C344763DA8A75D74" box="[348,507,511,539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C3BE75C3A8A75D74" box="[422,507,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA4FFD8C013763DAB015D76" box="[523,605,513,539]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[114,142,1115,1132]" captionTargetBox="[114,1210,610,1074]" captionTargetId="figure-375@28.[105,1220,605,1082]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 8. — Variation in floral traits within the Leonardoxa africana complex. Bar = 2 cm in both photos. A, inflorescence axillary on a young twig (vertical object just behind the inflorescence) in L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis (Mbalmayo site); hypanthium white, corolla and filaments of stamens lilac, anthers yellow. B, trunciflorous inflorescences in L. africana subsp. africana (Grand Zambi); hypanthium and corolla pink." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605816/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFA4FFD8C0A774F1ADC35D76" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA4FFD8C0A774F1ADC35D76" blockId="27.[677,1210,205,539]" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
DISTRIBUTION. —
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA4FFD8C18C74F2ABA45E68" authority="subsp. africana" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C18C74F2AD365F8A" box="[916,1130,205,232]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">Leonardoxa africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C0BD74D7ABA45E68" box="[677,760,235,261]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to coastal forests of
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FFA4FFD8C65074D1ADE55E6A" box="[1096,1209,237,263]" name="Cameroon" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA4FFD8C0B47537ABAF5E48" box="[684,755,267,293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[113,141,1205,1222]" captionTargetBox="[177,1130,204,1176]" captionTargetId="figure-191@25.[171,1122,213,1163]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 3. — Geographic distribution of field localities of members of the Leonardoxa africana complex: L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis = Group 1; L. africana subsp. rumpiensis = Group 2; L. africana subsp. letouzeyi = Group 3; L. africana subsp. africana = Group 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605804/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA4FFD8C0E77537AA535E48" box="[767,783,267,293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[114,142,1205,1222]" captionTargetBox="[178,1142,204,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-251@26.[182,1139,215,1168]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 4. — Geographic distribution of herbarium collections of the Leonardoxa africana complex examined in this study: L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis = Group 1; L. africana subsp. rumpiensis = Group 2; L. africana subsp. letouzeyi = Group 3; L. africana subsp. africana = Group 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605806/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">4</figureCitation>
). All the field sites are below
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA4FFD8C6277537AD2B5E49" box="[1087,1143,266,293]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="80.0">
<elevation id="0062F210FFA4FFD8C6277537AD2B5E49" box="[1087,1143,266,293]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation. Judging from collection localities and notes on labels, this subspecies appears rarely to occur above about
<specimenCount id="9D49DEAAFFA4FFD8C0F1755BAA645EED" box="[745,824,358,385]" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA4FFD8C0F1755BAA685EED" box="[745,820,358,385]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="100.0">
<elevation id="0062F210FFA4FFD8C0F1755BAA685EED" box="[745,820,358,385]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
<location id="8E9043F8FFA4FFD8C158755BAA375EEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA4FFD8C158755BAA375EEC" box="[832,875,359,385]" country="Cameroon" county="Bipindi" municipality="Within" name="The" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">The</location>
northernmost known localities are from the
<location id="8E9043F8FFA4FFD8C13E75BAADD65EF2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA4FFD8C13E75BAADD65EF2" box="[806,1162,389,416]" country="Cameroon" county="Bipindi" municipality="Within" name="Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve</location>
, and the southern boundary of its range appears to be near
<location id="8E9043F8FFA4FFD8C0CF75FFAA755EB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA4FFD8C0CF75FFAA755EB0" box="[727,809,451,477]" country="Cameroon" county="Bipindi" municipality="Within" name="Campo" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">Campo</location>
, at the border with
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FFA4FFD8C1E875FFADE95EB0" box="[1008,1205,451,477]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA4FFD8C0BD75DEABAE5E91" box="[677,754,482,508]" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">Within</collectingMunicipality>
this coastal strip, it extends inland as far as
<collectingCounty id="62916DAFFFA4FFD8C0BD763DABAB5D76" box="[677,759,513,539]" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">Bipindi</collectingCounty>
, on the eastern edge of the coastal plain.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3045ABFFA4FFD8C26977A3AA715CB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605808" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4605808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605808/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" startId="27.[113,142,927,944]" targetBox="[110,1203,596,900]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA4FFD8C26977A3AA715CB6" blockId="27.[113,1210,927,987]" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
Fig. 5. — Foliar nectaries of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA4FFD8C39177A3AB1E5CDD" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[393,578,927,944]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C39177A3AB1E5CDD" bold="true" box="[393,578,927,944]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">Leonardoxa africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, all shown at the same scale:
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C1B877A3AAF15CDD" bold="true" box="[928,941,927,944]" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">A</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA4FFD8C1A177A3ADE65CDD" authorityName="McKey" authorityYear="2000" box="[953,1210,927,944]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="gracilicaulis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C1A177A3AD4D5CDD" box="[953,1041,927,944]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C64077A3ADE65CDD" box="[1112,1210,927,944]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">gracilicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Zingui hill site);
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C2EE7789A85F5CAB" bold="true" box="[246,259,949,966]" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">B</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA4FFD8C3157789A8A25CAB" box="[269,510,949,966]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="rumpiensis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C3157789A83E5CAB" box="[269,354,949,966]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C3BC7789A8A25CAB" box="[420,510,949,966]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">rumpiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Dikomé Balué site);
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C0A97789ABE35CAB" bold="true" box="[689,703,949,966]" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">C</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA4FFD8C0D17789AAFE5CAB" authority="subsp. africana" box="[713,930,949,966]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C0D17789AA435CAB" box="[713,799,949,966]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C1797789AAFE5CAB" box="[865,930,949,966]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Akanga site). Nectaries of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA4FFD8C69C7789A8795CB6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="letouzeyi">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C69C7789A9C55CB6" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C2C477F6A8795CB6" box="[220,293,970,987]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">letouzeyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(not pictured) are similar in size to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA4FFD8C08877F6AA745CB6" box="[656,808,970,987]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="rumpiensis">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C0D677F6AA745CB6" box="[718,808,970,987]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">rumpiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3045ABFFA4FFD8C26971EDABEF59CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605810" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4605810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605810/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" startId="27.[113,141,1489,1506]" targetBox="[113,1209,1017,1466]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA4FFD8C26971EDABEF59CF" blockId="27.[113,1210,1489,1698]" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
Fig. 6. — Internodes of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA4FFD8C34371EDAB4F5A8F" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[347,531,1489,1506]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C34371EDAB4F5A8F" bold="true" box="[347,531,1489,1506]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">Leonardoxa africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, showing variation in specialisations for housing ants. Bar = 2 cm in all photos.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C2A271DAA99B5A9A" bold="true" box="[186,199,1510,1527]" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">A</emphasis>
, apex of internode (note point of attachment of the paripinnately compound leaf) of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA4FFD8C1A971DAADE65A9A" authorityName="McKey" authorityYear="2000" box="[945,1210,1510,1527]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="gracilicaulis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C1A971DAAD505A9A" box="[945,1036,1510,1527]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C64D71DAADE65A9A" box="[1109,1210,1510,1527]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">gracilicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Mbalmayo site), showing absence of swelling in this non-myrmecophytic subspecies;
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C15C71C0AA0B5960" bold="true" box="[836,855,1532,1549]" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">B,</emphasis>
longitudinal section of internode of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA4FFD8C69C71C0A842594F" authority="subsp. africana" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C69C71C0A9C5594F" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C2C5722DA842594F" box="[221,286,1553,1570]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bombé Bakundu site) showing the strongly swollen ant-domatium, which in this subspecies is a single internode long.—
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C2FA721AA9AC595A" bold="true" box="[226,240,1574,1591]" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">C</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C301721AA87B595A" bold="true" box="[281,295,1574,1591]" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">D</emphasis>
, prostoma of two myrmecophytic subspecies, located in both cases at the apex of the internode opposite the point of leaf insertion; the diagonally cut structure at the top of each photo is the leaf rachis:
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C18D7200AAF45920" bold="true" box="[917,936,1596,1613]" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">C,</emphasis>
circular prostoma of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA4FFD8C6797200A9A5590F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="letouzeyi">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C6797200ADE65920" box="[1121,1210,1596,1613]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C2A8726DA9A5590F" box="[176,249,1617,1634]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">letouzeyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Rengo Rock site); prostoma of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA4FFD8C015726DAA5F590F" box="[525,771,1617,1634]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="rumpiensis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C015726DAB38590F" box="[525,612,1617,1634]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C0B1726DAA5F590F" box="[681,771,1617,1634]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">rumpiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(not shown) is roughly similar in size and shape;
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C6BE726DADE8590F" bold="true" box="[1190,1204,1617,1634]" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">D</emphasis>
, elongate prostoma of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA4FFD8C336725AAB50591A" authority="subsp. africana" box="[302,524,1638,1655]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C336725AA8D9591A" box="[302,389,1638,1655]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA4FFD8C3D3725AAB50591A" box="[459,524,1638,1655]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bombé Bakundu site). Both are on internodes produced by plants growing in a greenhouse at the University of Miami, on cuttings uninhabited by ants. The structures are not holes, but are scars produced by the spontaneous drying of the unlignified prostoma in mature internodes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3045ABFFA3FFDFC0BD7509AB895D76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605812" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4605812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605812/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" startId="28.[677,705,309,326]" targetBox="[114,647,205,546]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA3FFDFC0BD7509AB895D76" blockId="28.[677,1211,309,539]" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
Fig. 7. — Examples of variation in the unit of growth within the
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA3FFDFC0BD7576AA3E5E36" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[677,866,330,347]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC0BD7576AA3E5E36" bold="true" box="[677,866,330,347]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">Leonardoxa africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC1A67576AA975E36" bold="true" box="[958,971,330,347]" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
, a branch tip of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA3FFDFC6477576AA195E1D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="rumpiensis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC6477576ADE55E36" box="[1119,1209,330,347]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC0FF7563AA195E1D" box="[743,837,351,368]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">rumpiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Dikome Balue site) showing two recently matured internodes and leaves produced in a flush of growth; these leaves are bright green (shiny in this photograph) and distinct from the older mature leaf (dark green, not shiny) produced in a previous growth flush; arrow marks the base of this flush. Bar = 10 cm.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC13A75F6AA735EB6" bold="true" box="[802,815,458,475]" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
, a branch tip of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA3FFDFC1D275F6ADE55EB6" authority="subsp. africana" box="[970,1209,458,475]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC1D275F6AD745EB6" box="[970,1064,458,475]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC66B75F6ADE55EB6" box="[1139,1209,458,475]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bombe Bakundu site) showing the one-leaf and internode unit of growth typical of all populations of this subspecies. Bar = 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3045ABFFA3FFDFC26A7067A86D5BC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605816" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4605816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605816/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" startId="28.[114,142,1115,1132]" targetBox="[114,1210,610,1074]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA3FFDFC26A7067A86D5BC1" blockId="28.[114,1210,1115,1196]" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
Fig. 8. — Variation in floral traits within the
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA3FFDFC3CF7067ABD25B01" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[471,654,1115,1132]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC3CF7067ABD25B01" bold="true" box="[471,654,1115,1132]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">Leonardoxa africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex. Bar = 2 cm in both photos.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC1D37067AA845B01" bold="true" box="[971,984,1115,1132]" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
, inflorescence axillary on a young twig (vertical object just behind the inflorescence) in
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA3FFDFC043704CAA0E5BEC" authorityName="McKey" authorityYear="2000" box="[603,850,1136,1153]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="gracilicaulis">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC043704CAB395BEC" box="[603,613,1136,1153]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC077704CABEC5BEC" box="[623,688,1136,1153]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC0EA704CAA0E5BEC" box="[754,850,1136,1153]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">gracilicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Mbalmayo site); hypanthium white, corolla and filaments of stamens lilac, anthers yellow.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC3E570B9AB565BFB" bold="true" box="[509,522,1157,1174]" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
, trunciflorous inflorescences in
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA3FFDFC10070B9AD2B5BFB" authority="(Grand Zambi)" baseAuthorityName="Grand Zambi" box="[792,1143,1157,1174]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC10070B9AA325BFB" box="[792,878,1157,1174]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">L. africana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC1AC70B9AAA95BFB" box="[948,1013,1157,1174]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">africana</emphasis>
(Grand Zambi)
</taxonomicName>
; hypanthium and corolla pink.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFA3FFDFC29470C2AD225921" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA3FFDFC29470C2AAA65AF9" blockId="28.[114,647,1278,1704]" lastBlockId="28.[677,1210,1278,1612]" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
ECOLOGY. — This subspecies, illustrated in
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA3FFDFC26A7122A81B5A55" author="AUBREVILLE" box="[114,327,1310,1336]" firstAuthor="AUBREVILLE" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" refId="ref19672" refString="AUBREVILLE A. 1970. - Flore du Cameroun - 9: Legumineuses-Cesalpinioidees. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris." type="book" year="1970">AUBRÉVILLE (1970)</bibRefCitation>
, is the one that has attracted most attention as a myrmecophyte. The studies by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA3FFDFC26A7166A9A05A18" author="ELIAS" box="[114,252,1370,1397]" firstAuthor="ELIAS" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" pagination="423 - 425" refId="ref19936" refString="ELIAS T. S. 1980. - Foliar nectaries of unusual structure in Leonardoxa africana (Leguminosae), an African obligate myrmecophyte. Amer. J. Bot. 67: 423 - 425." type="journal article" year="1980">ELIAS (1980)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA3FFDFC31D7166A8F55A18" author="MCKEY" box="[261,425,1370,1397]" firstAuthor="MCKEY" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" pagination="81 - 99" refId="ref20671" refString="MCKEY D. 1984. - Interaction of the ant-plant Leonardoxa africana (Caesalpiniaceae) with its obligate inhabitants in rainforests in Cameroon. Biotropica 16: 81 - 99." type="journal article" year="1984">MCKEY (1984)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA3FFDFC3AA7167ABDA5A18" author="GAUME" box="[434,646,1370,1397]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="GAUME" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" pagination="209 - 216" refId="ref20230" refString="GAUME L., MCKEY D. &amp; ANSTETT M. C. 1997. - Benefits conferred by &quot; timid &quot; ants: active antiherbivore protection of the rainforest tree Leonardoxa africana by the minute ant Petalomyrmex phylax. Oecologia 112: 209 - 216." type="journal article" year="1997">GAUME et al. (1997)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA3FFDFC2867146A8EC5AF9" author="GAUME &amp; MCKEY" box="[158,432,1401,1428]" firstAuthor="GAUME" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" pagination="130 - 144" refId="ref20185" refString="GAUME L. &amp; MCKEY D. 1999. - An ant-plant mutualism and its host-specific parasite: activity rhythms, young leaf patrolling, and effects on herbivores of two specialist plant-ants inhabiting the same myrmecophyte. Oikos 84: 130 - 144." type="journal article" year="1999">GAUME &amp; MCKEY (1999)</bibRefCitation>
all concern this subspecies. Internodes are swollen and hollow, and these ant-domatia are present already in seedlings
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tall (see
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in
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA3FFDFC39E71E9AB1E5A9D" author="LEONARD" box="[390,578,1493,1520]" firstAuthor="LEONARD" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" pagination="433 - 451" refId="ref20527" refString="LEONARD J. 1993. - Note sur les genres Schotia Jacq. et Leonardoxa Aubrev. et sur le nouveau genre Normandiodendron J. Leonard (Caesalpiniaceae africaines). Bull. Jardin Bot. Nat. Belg. 62: 433 - 451." type="journal article" year="1993">LÉONARD [1993]</bibRefCitation>
). This subspecies is associated with two ant species that are completely restricted to this host, the formicine
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA3FFDFC26A720EA82A5921" authorityName="Snelling" authorityYear="1979" box="[114,374,1586,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Petalomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phylax">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC26A720EA82A5921" box="[114,374,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">Petalomyrmex phylax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the myrmicine
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA3FFDFC26A726DA8845906" authority="(MCKEY 1984)" baseAuthorityName="MCKEY" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[114,472,1616,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cataulacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mckeyi">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC26A726DA8735906" box="[114,303,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">Cataulacus mckeyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA3FFDFC323726DA88C5906" author="MCKEY" box="[315,464,1616,1643]" firstAuthor="MCKEY" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" pagination="81 - 99" refId="ref20671" refString="MCKEY D. 1984. - Interaction of the ant-plant Leonardoxa africana (Caesalpiniaceae) with its obligate inhabitants in rainforests in Cameroon. Biotropica 16: 81 - 99." type="journal article" year="1984">MCKEY 1984</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA3FFDFC3F9726DAB2E5906" authorityName="Snelling" authorityYear="1979" box="[481,626,1617,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Petalomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC3F9726DAB2E5906" box="[481,626,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">Petalomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a mutualist of the plant, protecting its young leaves against phytophagous insects (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA3FFDFC3AA72B2AB2659C5" author="GAUME" box="[434,634,1677,1704]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="GAUME" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" pagination="209 - 216" refId="ref20230" refString="GAUME L., MCKEY D. &amp; ANSTETT M. C. 1997. - Benefits conferred by &quot; timid &quot; ants: active antiherbivore protection of the rainforest tree Leonardoxa africana by the minute ant Petalomyrmex phylax. Oecologia 112: 209 - 216." type="journal article" year="1997">GAUME et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
), while
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA3FFDFC0F070C3AA075A74" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1853" box="[744,859,1279,1305]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cataulacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC0F070C3AA075A74" box="[744,859,1279,1305]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">Cataulacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a parasite, providing no protection to the plant and excluding
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<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC6317122ADE65A55" box="[1065,1210,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">Petalomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from plants it occupies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA3FFDFC1BD7101ADF25A3A" author="GAUME &amp; MCKEY" box="[933,1198,1340,1367]" firstAuthor="GAUME" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" pagination="130 - 144" refId="ref20185" refString="GAUME L. &amp; MCKEY D. 1999. - An ant-plant mutualism and its host-specific parasite: activity rhythms, young leaf patrolling, and effects on herbivores of two specialist plant-ants inhabiting the same myrmecophyte. Oikos 84: 130 - 144." type="journal article" year="1999">GAUME &amp; MCKEY 1999</bibRefCitation>
). This subspecies was termed “
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA3FFDFC1CF7167AD1B5A19" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[983,1095,1370,1396]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA3FFDFC1CF7167AD1B5A19" box="[983,1095,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">L. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxon T4” by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA3FFDFC0DE7146AAA95AF9" author="CHENUIL &amp; MCKEY" box="[710,1013,1401,1428]" firstAuthor="CHENUIL" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" pagination="270 - 286" refId="ref19864" refString="CHENUIL A. &amp; MCKEY D. B. 1996. - Molecular phylogenetic study of a myrmecophyte symbiosis: did Leonardoxa / ant associations diversify via cospeciation? Molecular Phyl. Evol. 6: 270 - 286." type="journal article" year="1996">CHENUIL &amp; MCKEY (1996)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA3FFDFC0A771A4AD225921" blockId="28.[677,1210,1278,1612]" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">Few observations of flower visitors have been made, but on a few occasions sunbirds were seen visiting the pink to red flowers, which in this subspecies at least seem to have a somewhat longtubular corolla, compared to flowers of the non-myrmecophytic subspecies (see below).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFA3FFDEC0A77249A8F05CC6" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA3FFDEC0A77249A8F05CC6" blockId="28.[677,1210,1653,1703]" lastBlockId="29.[113,647,204,939]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. —
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<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FFA3FFDFC6587249ADE859E6" box="[1088,1204,1653,1677]" name="Cameroon" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA3FFDFC0BD72B3AAD959CA" box="[677,901,1679,1703]" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">Southwest Province</collectingMunicipality>
:
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,
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<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC2DF74F1A8CE5F89" box="[199,402,205,228]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">E.W. Jones in Brenan</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC38F74F0A8965F89" box="[407,458,204,228]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">9499</collectorNumber>
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(
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,
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),
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<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC00074F1AB1D5F89" box="[536,577,205,228]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">FHI</collectorName>
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(K),
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<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC2BB74DBA9B85F92" box="[163,228,231,255]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">29672</collectorNumber>
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(K), and
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<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC35374DAA8D05F93" box="[331,396,230,254]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">41007</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(K);
</materialsCitation>
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC3DD74DBA85B5E7B" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
,
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W
</locationDeviation>
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC36A753CAB7D5E75" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC36A753CAB7D5E75" box="[370,545,256,280]" municipality="Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve" name="Bombe Bakundu" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Bombe Bakundu</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC034753CA9F85E5D" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC034753CABDA5E7A" box="[556,646,256,279]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Manning</collectorName>
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</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC2AD7526A9B85E5F" box="[181,228,282,306]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">MO</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC2EF7526AB725E26" collectionCode="MO" collectorName="Manning" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC2EF7526AB0D5E5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC2EF7526AB0D5E5D" box="[247,593,281,306]" name="Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve</location>
, near
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,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC321750EA8805E27" box="[313,476,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC321750EA8C65E24" box="[313,410,306,329]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Manning</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC3BD750EA8805E27" box="[421,476,306,330]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">1517</collectorNumber>
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(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC3F6750FAB7D5E26" box="[494,545,307,331]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">MO</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC02F750FAB6A5E09" collectionCode="K" collectorName="FHI" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Kumba" municipality="Kumba" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC02F750FABDA5E26" box="[567,646,307,331]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Kumba</collectingMunicipality>
(planted in forestry nursery),
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<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC38E7570A8E35E0E" box="[406,447,332,355]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">FHI</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC3DF7570AB5A5E09" box="[455,518,332,356]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">29369</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
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).
</materialsCitation>
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<collectingRegion id="498BDBC1FFA2FFDEC0257570A9965E13" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Littoral Province</collectingRegion>
:
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FFA2FFDEC2CB755AA87B5E11" box="[211,295,357,382]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA2FFDEC2CB755AA84E5E13" box="[211,274,358,382]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" unit="km" value="24.0">24 km</quantity>
E
</locationDeviation>
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC335755AA82B5E13" box="[301,375,358,382]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Douala</collectingMunicipality>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC399755AAB695E11" box="[385,565,356,382]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC399755AA8955E13" box="[385,457,358,382]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Breteler</collectorName>
et al.
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC01A7558AB695E11" box="[514,565,356,380]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">2580</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC05A755AAB395E13" box="[578,613,358,382]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC0777559ABDE5E11" box="[623,642,357,380]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC2697542A9DD5EF8" box="[113,129,382,405]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC2967543A9ED5EFA" box="[142,177,383,407]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">YA</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC2DC7543ABDB5EFA" box="[196,647,382,407]" collectionCode="P, YA" collectorName="Endengle" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Razel" municipality="Douala" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC2DC7543A8535EFA" box="[196,271,383,407]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Douala</collectingMunicipality>
, route
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC34F7543A8D35EFA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC34F7543A8D35EFA" box="[343,399,383,407]" municipality="Douala" name="Razel" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Razel</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC3837543AB705EFB" box="[411,556,382,407]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC3837543A8AD5EFA" box="[411,497,383,407]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Endengle</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC3E17542AB705EFB" box="[505,556,382,406]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">2105</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC0247543AB105EFA" box="[572,588,383,407]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC0417543AB205EFA" box="[601,636,383,407]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">YA</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC26975A4A9BB5EA7" collectionCode="P" collectorName="Chevalier" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Yelfoume" municipality="Douala" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC26975A4A9E05EDD" box="[113,188,408,432]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Douala</collectingMunicipality>
, forêt de
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC30775A4A8DC5EDD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC30775A4A8DC5EDD" box="[287,384,408,432]" municipality="Douala" name="Yelfoume" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Yelfoume</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC39475A4A9E95EA7" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC39475A4A8975EDD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC39475A4A8975EDD" box="[396,459,408,432]" municipality="Douala" name="Fleury" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Fleury</location>
, in herb.
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC03375A4ABDA5EDD" box="[555,646,408,432]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Chevalier</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC269758EA9E95EA7" box="[113,181,434,458]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">33346</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC2DF758EA9855EA7" box="[199,217,434,458]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">P</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC2E8758EA8385E8E" collectionCode="BR" collectorName="Mpom" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Douala-Edea Road" municipality="Douala" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FFA2FFDEC2E8758EA8115EA5" bearing="90.0" box="[240,333,433,458]" distance="14000.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA2FFDEC2E8758EA8685EA7" box="[240,308,434,458]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
E
</locationDeviation>
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC34E758EA8FB5EA7" box="[342,423,434,458]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Douala</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC3AC758EABDF5EA7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC3AC758EABDF5EA7" box="[436,643,434,458]" municipality="Douala" name="Douala-Edea Road" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Douala-Edea Road</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC26975F6A9815E8F" box="[113,221,458,482]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC26975F6A9F35E8C" box="[113,175,458,481]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Mpom</collectorName>
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA2FFDEC2AF75F6A9815E8F" box="[183,221,458,482]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6962" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" unit="in" value="303.0">
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC2AF75F6A9815E8F" box="[183,221,458,482]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">303</collectorNumber>
</quantity>
</emphasis>
in part (
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC32C75F7A8045E8E" box="[308,344,459,483]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">BR</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC37375F7AB1F5E91" collectionCode="K" collectorName="McKey &amp; Gartlan" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Douala-Edea Forest Reserve" municipality="Lake Tissongo" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC37375F7A8A05E8E" box="[363,508,459,483]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Lake Tissongo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC01E75F7A84E5E97" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC01E75F7A84E5E97" municipality="Lake Tissongo" name="Douala-Edea Forest Reserve" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Douala-Edea Forest Reserve</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC30775D8AB535E96" box="[287,527,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC30775D8A8385E96" box="[287,356,484,507]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">McKey</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC39375D8A8815E91" box="[395,477,484,508]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Gartlan</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC3FF75DFAB535E96" box="[487,527,483,507]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">120</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC03975D8AB6B5E91" box="[545,567,484,508]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">K</collectionCode>
),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC05575D8A8665D7B" collectionCode="YA" collectorName=" D. W. Thomas" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Douala-Edea Forest Reserve" municipality="Lake Tissongo" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC05575D8A9AA5D7B" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC05575D8A99F5D7B" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">D.W. Thomas</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC2D575C2A9AA5D7B" box="[205,246,510,534]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">167</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC31E75C2A8725D7B" box="[262,302,510,534]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">YA</collectionCode>
),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC35B75C1ABDB5D7B" box="[323,647,509,534]" collectionCode="K" collectorName="Waterman &amp; McKey" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Douala-Edea Forest Reserve" municipality="Lake Tissongo" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC35B75C1AB0D5D7B" box="[323,593,509,534]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC35B75C1A8ED5D79" box="[323,433,509,532]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Waterman</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC3C075C1AB425D79" box="[472,542,509,532]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">McKey</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC03075C2AB0D5D7B" box="[552,593,510,534]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">846</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC07B75C2AB265D7B" box="[611,634,510,534]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">K</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC269762AABDB5D42" box="[113,647,534,559]" collectionCode="YA" collectorName="Mpom" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Edea" municipality="Mangombe" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
stream
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC2DC762BA81D5D42" box="[196,321,535,559]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Mangombe</collectingMunicipality>
near
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC39B762BA8E05D42" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC39B762BA8E05D42" box="[387,444,535,559]" municipality="Mangombe" name="Edea" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Edea</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC3D2762AAB1D5D43" box="[458,577,534,558]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC3D2762AAB515D40" box="[458,525,534,557]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Mpom</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC00F762AAB1D5D43" box="[535,577,534,558]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">343</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC04A762BAB275D42" box="[594,635,535,559]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">YA</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC269760CA8B85D0F" collectionCode="WAG" collectorName="Kruif" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Bipaga II" municipality="Kribi" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Central-South Province">
<collectingRegion id="498BDBC1FFA2FFDEC269760CA83E5D25" box="[113,354,560,584]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Central-South Province</collectingRegion>
: near
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC3B8760CA8A25D2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC3B8760CA8A25D2B" box="[416,510,559,584]" municipality="Kribi" name="Bipaga II" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" stateProvince="Central-South Province">Bipaga II</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FFA2FFDEC013760CAB115D25" box="[523,589,560,584]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">km 40</locationDeviation>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC2697676A9F95D0F" box="[113,165,586,610]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Kribi</collectingMunicipality>
to
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC2D27676A9A15D0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC2D27676A9A15D0F" box="[202,253,586,610]" municipality="Kribi" name="Edea" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" stateProvince="Central-South Province">Edea</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC3127676A8D65D0D" box="[266,394,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
de
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC33F7676A8065D0F" box="[295,346,586,610]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Kruif</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC37B7674A8D65D0D" box="[355,394,584,608]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">994</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC3807676A8855D0F" box="[408,473,586,610]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">WAG</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC3F47676AB6E5D16" collectionCode="BR, WAG, YA" collectorName="Bos" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Kribi" municipality="Lolodorf Road" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC3F47676ABDF5D0F" box="[492,643,586,610]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Lolodorf Road</collectingMunicipality>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FFA2FFDEC269765FA9BE5D16" bearing="90.0" box="[113,226,610,635]" distance="12000.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA2FFDEC269765FA9ED5D16" box="[113,177,611,635]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
E of
</locationDeviation>
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC2F0765FA8425D16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC2F0765FA8425D16" box="[232,286,611,635]" municipality="Lolodorf Road" name="Kribi" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Kribi</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC330765EA8DE5D16" box="[296,386,610,635]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC330765EA8145D14" box="[296,328,610,633]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Bos</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC357765FA8DE5D16" box="[335,386,611,635]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">3630</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC397765FA8EE5D16" box="[399,434,611,635]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC3A5765FA8A75D16" box="[445,507,611,635]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">WAG</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC01D765FAB745D16" box="[517,552,611,635]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">YA</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC020765FA9C35DC3" collectionCode="BR, YA" collectorName="Bos" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Kribi" municipality="Lolodorf" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FFA2FFDEC020765FA9D95DF9" bearing="0.0" distance="5000.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA2FFDEC020765FAB305D16" box="[568,620,611,635]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
N of
</locationDeviation>
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC2967640A9BB5DF9" box="[142,231,636,660]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Lolodorf</collectingMunicipality>
road,
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FFA2FFDEC3357640A8F85DF9" bearing="90.0" box="[301,420,635,660]" distance="19000.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA2FFDEC3357640A82C5DF9" box="[301,368,636,660]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" unit="km" value="19.0">19 km</quantity>
E of
</locationDeviation>
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC3B47640A8B85DF9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC3B47640A8B85DF9" box="[428,484,636,660]" municipality="Lolodorf" name="Kribi" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Kribi</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC3E97640AB125DFE" box="[497,590,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC3E97640AB4E5DFE" box="[497,530,636,659]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Bos</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC0027647AB125DFE" box="[538,590,635,659]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">3913</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC0467640ABDE5DF9" box="[606,642,636,660]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC26976AAA9C85DC3" box="[113,148,662,686]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">YA</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC2BD76AAA9C35DAA" collectionCode="BR, YA" collectorName="Bos" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Kribi" municipality="Lolodorf Road" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC2BD76AAA86B5DC3" box="[165,311,662,686]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Lolodorf Road</collectingMunicipality>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FFA2FFDEC35A76AAA8EE5DC3" bearing="90.0" box="[322,434,661,686]" distance="18000.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA2FFDEC35A76AAA8DE5DC3" box="[322,386,662,686]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" unit="km" value="18.0">18 km</quantity>
E of
</locationDeviation>
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC3A076AAA8B25DC3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC3A076AAA8B25DC3" box="[440,494,662,686]" municipality="Lolodorf Road" name="Kribi" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Kribi</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC3E076A9AB0D5DC1" box="[504,593,660,684]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC3E076A9AB445DC1" box="[504,536,661,684]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Bos</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC00676A8AB0D5DC1" box="[542,593,660,684]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">4074</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC04776AAABDE5DC3" box="[607,642,662,686]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC2697693A9C85DAA" box="[113,148,687,711]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">YA</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC2BC7693ABDB5DAA" box="[164,647,686,711]" collectionCode="WAG" collectorName="Bos" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Ebolowa" municipality="Kribi" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FFA2FFDEC2BC7693A9B85DAA" box="[164,228,687,711]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">km 30</locationDeviation>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC3397693A8085DAA" box="[289,340,687,711]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Kribi</collectingMunicipality>
to
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC36C7693A8905DAA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC36C7693A8905DAA" box="[372,460,687,711]" municipality="Kribi" name="Ebolowa" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Ebolowa</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC3CE7692AB735DAA" box="[470,559,686,711]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC3CE7692A8AA5DA8" box="[470,502,686,709]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Bos</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC3E47693AB735DAA" box="[508,559,687,711]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">6233</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC0247693AB205DAA" box="[572,636,687,711]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">WAG</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC26976F4AB715D8D" box="[113,557,711,736]" collectionCode="BR" collectorName="Bos" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Campo" municipality="Kribi" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FFA2FFDEC26976F4A9ED5D8D" box="[113,177,712,736]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">km 45</locationDeviation>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC2F676F4A87D5D8D" box="[238,289,712,736]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Kribi</collectingMunicipality>
to
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC35A76F4A8D25D8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC35A76F4A8D25D8D" box="[322,398,712,736]" municipality="Kribi" name="Campo" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Campo</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC38076F4A8AD5DB2" box="[408,497,711,735]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC38076F4A8E45DB2" box="[408,440,712,735]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Bos</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC3A676FBA8AD5DB2" box="[446,497,711,735]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">7315</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC3E676F4AB7E5D8D" box="[510,546,712,736]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">BR</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC02C76F4ABDB5C7E" collectionCode="BR, K, MO, P, WAG, YA" collectorName="Leeuwenberg" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Edea" municipality="Mboke" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FFA2FFDEC02C76F4A9D95D97" bearing="180.0" distance="60000.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA2FFDEC02C76F4AB2F5D8D" box="[564,627,712,736]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" unit="km" value="60.0">60 km</quantity>
S of
</locationDeviation>
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC29476DEA9E35D97" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC29476DEA9E35D97" box="[140,191,738,762]" municipality="Mboke" name="Edea" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Edea</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FFA2FFDEC2D076DEA9B35D97" box="[200,239,738,762]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">S of</locationDeviation>
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC2ED76DEA8625D97" box="[245,318,738,762]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Mboke</collectingMunicipality>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FFA2FFDEC35176DEA8A25D97" box="[329,510,737,762]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA2FFDEC35176DEA8D45D97" box="[329,392,738,762]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
E of km 58
</locationDeviation>
from
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC02476DEAB305D97" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC02476DEAB305D97" box="[572,620,738,762]" municipality="Mboke" name="Edea" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Edea</location>
to
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC26976C7A9FB5C7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC26976C7A9FB5C7E" box="[113,167,763,787]" municipality="Mboke" name="Kribi" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Kribi</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC2AA76C7A8385C7F" box="[178,356,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC2AA76C7A8775C7E" box="[178,299,763,787]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Leeuwenberg</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC32976C6A8385C7F" box="[305,356,762,786]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">5500</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC36A76C7A8C95C7E" box="[370,405,763,787]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC3B876C6A8EF5C7C" box="[416,435,762,785]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC3A676C7A8B05C7E" box="[446,492,763,787]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">MO</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC3EE76C6AB5A5C7C" box="[502,518,762,785]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC00976C7AB135C7E" box="[529,591,763,787]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">WAG</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC04276C7AB215C7E" box="[602,637,763,787]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">YA</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC2697728A8E75C41" box="[113,443,787,812]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="Villiers" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Nkoltsia" municipality="Nkoltsia" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
colline
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC2A37728A84D5C41" box="[187,273,788,812]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Nkoltsia</collectingMunicipality>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC3057728A8D25C47" box="[285,398,787,812]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC3057728A83C5C41" box="[285,352,788,812]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Villiers</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC370772FA8D25C47" box="[360,398,787,810]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">775</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC3877728A8F35C41" box="[415,431,788,812]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">P</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC3DC772FA9A25C2B" collectionCode="P, YA" collectorName="Letouzey" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Bella" municipality="Bella" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
near
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC3EE7728AB755C41" box="[502,553,788,812]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Bella</collectingMunicipality>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC02D7728A9F85C29" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC02D7728ABDA5C46" box="[565,646,788,811]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Letouzey</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC2697710A9F85C29" box="[113,164,812,836]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">4140</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC2AC7712A9985C2B" box="[180,196,814,838]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC2C87712A9AF5C2B" box="[208,243,814,838]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">YA</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC31D7712A9FC5C32" collectionCode="P, YA" collectorName="Mpom" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Nkol-Bewa" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
<quantity id="4CB7B8C6FFA2FFDEC31D7712A8655C2B" box="[261,313,814,838]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" unit="km" value="2.0">
<locationDeviation id="9A420C01FFA2FFDEC31D7712A8655C2B" box="[261,313,814,838]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
from
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC3617712A8B75C2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC3617712A8B75C2B" box="[377,491,814,838]" name="Nkol-Bewa" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Nkol-Bewa</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC3EE7711AB3E5C29" box="[502,610,812,836]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC3EE7711AB685C29" box="[502,564,813,836]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Mpom</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC0247710AB3E5C29" box="[572,610,812,836]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">227</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC06A7712ABDE5C2B" box="[626,642,814,838]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC269777BA9C95C32" box="[113,149,839,863]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">YA</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC2B0777BA8BC5C32" box="[168,480,838,863]" collectionCode="YA" collectorName="Mpom" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Edoudouma" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC2B0777BA87B5C32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6A435FFA6FFDEC269718BA8F05CC6:8E9043F8FFA2FFDEC2B0777BA87B5C32" box="[168,295,839,863]" name="Edoudouma" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Edoudouma</location>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC32B777AA8FE5C33" box="[307,418,838,862]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC32B777AA82E5C30" box="[307,370,838,861]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Mpom</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC363777AA8FE5C33" box="[379,418,838,862]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">283</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC3A9777BA88A5C32" box="[433,470,839,863]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">YA</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B271F7EFFA2FFDEC3F1777BA8F05CC6" collectionCode="BAS, P, YA, BR, WAG, K, MO" collectorName="Farron &amp; Zenker" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="100" location="Bipindi" municipality="Bipindi" pageId="29" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B948F59FFA2FFDEC3F1777BAB645C32" box="[489,568,839,863]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Bipindi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC05C777AA9F85C1A" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC05C777AABDB5C30" box="[580,647,838,861]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Farron</collectorName>
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC2697763A9F85C1A" box="[113,164,863,887]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">7181</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC2AB775CA9BF5C15" box="[179,227,864,888]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">BAS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC2F67763A9A25C1B" box="[238,254,863,886]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC313775CA8725C15" box="[267,302,864,888]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">YA</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC358775CA8ED5C1A" box="[320,433,864,888]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorName id="26BA70F5FFA2FFDEC358775CA8D85C15" box="[320,388,864,888]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">Zenker</collectorName>
, s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC3A7775CA8BE5C15" box="[447,482,864,888]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC3F7775CA8A35C15" box="[495,511,864,888]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">P</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC00B7763AB705C1A" box="[531,556,863,887]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC00B7763AB705C1A" box="[531,556,863,887]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">52</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC024775CAB205C15" box="[572,636,864,888]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">WAG</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC2697744A9F85CFD" box="[113,164,888,912]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC2697744A9F85CFD" box="[113,164,888,912]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">1074</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC2AB7746A99B5CFF" box="[179,199,890,914]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC2CA7746A85C5CFF" box="[210,256,890,914]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">MO</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC3127745A8465CFD" box="[266,282,889,912]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC33D7746A8385CFF" box="[293,356,890,914]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">WAG</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC36E7746A8F55CFF" box="[374,425,890,914]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC36E7746A8F55CFF" box="[374,425,890,914]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">2967</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC3AF7746A8865CFF" box="[439,474,890,914]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC3FD7745A8A45CFD" box="[485,504,889,912]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC01B7746AB1E5CFF" box="[515,578,890,914]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">WAG</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC04B7744ABDA5CFD" box="[595,646,888,912]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC04B7744ABDA5CFD" box="[595,646,888,912]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">4183</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC26077AFA9C75CC6" box="[120,155,915,939]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC2BE77AEA9E55CC4" box="[166,185,914,937]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC2DC77AFA9885CC6" box="[196,212,915,939]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">P</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA2FFDEC2FE77AEA8455CC7" box="[230,281,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">
<collectorNumber id="E818EA7BFFA2FFDEC2FE77AEA8455CC7" box="[230,281,914,938]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">4495</collectorNumber>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC33F77AFA8165CC6" box="[295,330,915,939]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC34C77AEA83B5CC4" box="[340,359,914,937]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5E8DE6FFA2FFDEC36A77AFA8FD5CC6" box="[370,417,915,939]" pageId="29" pageNumber="100">MO</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

198
data/03/E6/A4/03E6A435FFA7FFDAC0BD75FEABDB5AF9.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
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<mods:title id="A9FA74AF2EFDD4B32616AA6D953807C6">Leonardoxa africana (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae): a complex of mostly allopatric subspecies</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA7FFDBC0BD75FEAD665EB0" ID-CoL="3T6GW" authority="(Baill.) Aubrev." authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[677,1082,450,477]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="24" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA7FFDBC0BD75FEAAD35EB0" bold="true" box="[677,911,450,477]" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">Leonardoxa africana</emphasis>
(Baill.) Aubrév.
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Adansonia, ser. 2, 8: 179 (1968). —
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<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA7FFDBC65A75C4ABAE5D44" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">Humboldtia africana</emphasis>
Baill., Hist. Pl.
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2: 99 (1870).
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—
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Type:
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,
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,
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,
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(= wouri estuary), 1861 (
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,
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;
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,
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)
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.
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<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA7FFDBC0A77647AA8F5C20" blockId="24.[677,1210,634,845]" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">
The description of
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<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA7FFDBC1B87647AD435DF8" box="[928,1055,635,661]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">Leonardoxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFA7FFDBC6557646ABAF5DD9" author="LEONARD" firstAuthor="LEONARD" pageId="24" pageNumber="95" pagination="433 - 451" refId="ref20527" refString="LEONARD J. 1993. - Note sur les genres Schotia Jacq. et Leonardoxa Aubrev. et sur le nouveau genre Normandiodendron J. Leonard (Caesalpiniaceae africaines). Bull. Jardin Bot. Nat. Belg. 62: 433 - 451." type="journal article" year="1993">LÉONARD (1993)</bibRefCitation>
is still generally accurate, but must be amended in the following ways to take into account the variation described here: twigs with or without a fusiform, hollow infra-nodal swelling; inflorescences axillary on young twigs, ramiflorous, or cauliflorous.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFA7FFDAC38977B7ABDB5AF9" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="24" pageNumber="95" type="key">
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<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA7FFDBC38977B7AAC65CCA" bold="true" box="[401,922,907,935]" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">
Key to the subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA7FFDBC0B377B1AAC65CCA" ID-CoL="3T6GW" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[683,922,909,935]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="24" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA7FFDBC0B377B1AAC65CCA" bold="true" box="[683,922,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">Leonardoxa africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFA7FFDBC29477F1A8F55B2F" blockId="24.[114,1210,972,1091]" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">Some of the characters included in the key follow predictable ontogenetic patterns. In small saplings and in sucker shoots from cuttings, for example, leaflets are smaller, fewer leaflet pairs are present, and fewer nectaries occur on each leaflet than in mature trees. The descriptions here, unless otherwise stated, apply to mature trees.</paragraph>
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1. Internodes of young twigs not swollen or hollow, not inhabited by ants; leaflet apex short-acuminate; inflorescences axillary on small twigs up to about 5(-rarely 10) mm diameter; hypanthium white to pale lilac, corolla lilac ................................................................................................................ 4.
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFA7FFDBC1EF70A9ADEA5BC0" ID-CoL="9DSGQ" authorityName="McKey" authorityYear="2000" box="[1015,1206,1173,1197]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="24" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="gracilicaulis">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA7FFDBC62270A9ADEA5BC0" bold="true" box="[1082,1206,1173,1197]" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">gracilicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="30BEB616FFA7FFDBC26A7087ADEA5A72" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">
1’. Internodes of young twigs (at least on all plants ≥
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tall) swollen, with thickened pith, hollowed out and inhabited by ants; leaflet apex long-acuminate; inflorescences usually ramiflorous (on twigs&gt;
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diameter) or cauliflorous on large branches and trunk, rarely axillary on young twigs; hypanthium and corolla mauve to pink, purple or red ...................................................................................................................... 2
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2. Young growth produced in flushes of a single internode at each branch tip, pith chamber thus restricted to single-internode segments; specialised swollen internodes present at all stages of growth, from seedling (
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tall) to adult; largest leaflets usually
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long,
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broad; (2-)3(-5) nectaries at base of each proximal leaflet ........................................................................................................................ 1.
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subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA7FFDBC67B7146ADEA5AFF" bold="true" box="[1123,1206,1402,1426]" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">africana</emphasis>
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<keyLead id="30BEB616FFA7FFDBC26A719CADEA5969" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">
2’. Young growth produced in flushes of 2-4 internodes at each branch tip, pith chamber thus continuous over 2-4 internodes; swollen internodes present only on plants ≥
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tall, seedlings lacking myrmecodomatia; largest leaflets usually
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long,
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broad; nectaries at base of each proximal leaflet variable in number, sometimes absent.................................................................................................................................. 3
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<keyLead id="30BEB616FFA7FFDBC26A722FADEA5929" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">
3. Leaves often 4(3-5)-jugate; nectaries often absent at base of each proximal leaflet, when present usually 1(-2) in number; lowland rain forest up to
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elevation ...................................................... 2.
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subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA7FFDBC6417210ADEA5929" bold="true" box="[1113,1206,1580,1604]" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">letouzeyi</emphasis>
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<keyLead id="30BEB616FFA7FFDBC26A726FADEA59F0" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">
3’. Leaves usually 2(2-3)-jugate; nectaries at base of each proximal leaflet present on almost all plants, usually
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number; submontane rain forest in the Rumpi Hills (above
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), and possibly other hills in southwestern
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FFA7FFDBC28872B9A9A459F0" box="[144,248,1669,1693]" name="Cameroon" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
.................................................................................................................... 3.
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subsp.
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFA7FFDBC65B72B9ADEA59F0" bold="true" box="[1091,1206,1669,1693]" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">rumpiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA6FFDAC2947101A9AD5A3A" box="[140,241,1341,1367]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[113,141,1205,1222]" captionTargetBox="[177,1130,204,1176]" captionTargetId="figure-191@25.[171,1122,213,1163]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 3. — Geographic distribution of field localities of members of the Leonardoxa africana complex: L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis = Group 1; L. africana subsp. rumpiensis = Group 2; L. africana subsp. letouzeyi = Group 3; L. africana subsp. africana = Group 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605804/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Figures 3</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="137409A6FFA6FFDAC3337101A8655A3A" box="[299,313,1341,1367]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[114,142,1205,1222]" captionTargetBox="[178,1142,204,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-251@26.[182,1139,215,1168]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 4. — Geographic distribution of herbarium collections of the Leonardoxa africana complex examined in this study: L. africana subsp. gracilicaulis = Group 1; L. africana subsp. rumpiensis = Group 2; L. africana subsp. letouzeyi = Group 3; L. africana subsp. africana = Group 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605806/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">4</figureCitation>
show the distribution of field sites and herbarium collections, respectively, of each of the four infraspecific taxa recognised here.
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151
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<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFBEFFC2C0BD7753ADE45CE6" box="[677,1208,879,907]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFBEFFC2C0BD7753ADE45CE6" blockId="1.[677,1208,879,907]" box="[677,1208,879,907]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
<heading id="D0B8A24FFFBEFFC2C0BD7753ADE45CE6" box="[677,1208,879,907]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFBEFFC2C0BD7753ADE45CE6" bold="true" box="[677,1208,879,907]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
THE
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFBEFFC2C0FD7753AD765CE4" ID-CoL="9CL6L" authority="AFRICANA" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[741,1066,879,905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFBEFFC2C0FD7753AD765CE4" bold="true" box="[741,1066,879,905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">LEONARDOXA AFRICANA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
COMPLEX
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35546A8FFBEFFC1C0A77792AB855CE7" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFBEFFC2C0A77792AD0A5A82" blockId="1.[677,1210,941,1704]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
The range of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFBEFFC2C1497792AD795CAA" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[849,1061,941,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFBEFFC2C1497792AD795CAA" box="[849,1061,941,968]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Leonardoxa africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
extends from
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FFBEFFC2C0BD77F1ABA45C8A" box="[677,760,973,999]" name="Gabon" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Gabon</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FFBEFFC2C12777F1AD755C8A" box="[831,1065,973,999]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
northward through southwestern
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FFBEFFC2C1DB77D7AD185B68" box="[963,1092,1003,1029]" name="Cameroon" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
and into extreme southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FFBEFFC2C1B97036AAA65B49" box="[929,1018,1034,1060]" name="Nigeria" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
. The species has long attracted attention as a myrmecophyte (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFBEFFC2C0B5707BAA3D5B0C" author="BEQUAERT" box="[685,865,1095,1121]" firstAuthor="BEQUAERT" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="333 - 583" refId="ref19693" refString="BEQUAERT J. 1922. - Ants in their diverse relations to the plant world. Bull. Amer. Museum Nat. Hist. 45: 333 - 583." type="journal article" year="1922">BEQUAERT 1922</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFBEFFC2C174707AAD735B0C" author="MILDBRAED" box="[876,1071,1094,1121]" firstAuthor="MILDBRAED" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" refId="ref20808" refString="MILDBRAED J. 1922. - Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1910 - 1911, Band II: Botanik. Verlag von Klinkhardt &amp; Biermann, Leipzig." type="book" year="1922">MILDBRAED 1922</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFBEFFC2C622707BAA355BED" author="SCHNELL &amp; BEAUFORT" firstAuthor="SCHNELL" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="3 - 66" refId="ref20900" refString="SCHNELL R. &amp; BEAUFORT F. G. 1966. - Contribution a l'etude des plantes a myrmecodomaties de l'Afrique intertropicale. Mem. Institut Fond. d'Afrique Noire - Melanges botaniques 75: 3 - 66." type="journal article" year="1966">SCHNELL &amp; BEAUFORT 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFBEFFC2C1607059AD5E5BED" author="ELIAS" box="[888,1026,1125,1152]" firstAuthor="ELIAS" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="423 - 425" refId="ref19936" refString="ELIAS T. S. 1980. - Foliar nectaries of unusual structure in Leonardoxa africana (Leguminosae), an African obligate myrmecophyte. Amer. J. Bot. 67: 423 - 425." type="journal article" year="1980">ELIAS 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFBEFFC2C60A7059ADE95BED" author="MCKEY" box="[1042,1205,1125,1152]" firstAuthor="MCKEY" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="81 - 99" refId="ref20671" refString="MCKEY D. 1984. - Interaction of the ant-plant Leonardoxa africana (Caesalpiniaceae) with its obligate inhabitants in rainforests in Cameroon. Biotropica 16: 81 - 99." type="journal article" year="1984">MCKEY 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFBEFFC2C0BD70B8AA0D5BF2" author="LEONARD" box="[677,849,1156,1183]" firstAuthor="LEONARD" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="433 - 451" refId="ref20527" refString="LEONARD J. 1993. - Note sur les genres Schotia Jacq. et Leonardoxa Aubrev. et sur le nouveau genre Normandiodendron J. Leonard (Caesalpiniaceae africaines). Bull. Jardin Bot. Nat. Belg. 62: 433 - 451." type="journal article" year="1993">LÉONARD 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFBEFFC2C17E70B9ADE95BF2" author="SCHNELL &amp; BEAUFORT" box="[870,1205,1156,1183]" firstAuthor="SCHNELL" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="3 - 66" refId="ref20900" refString="SCHNELL R. &amp; BEAUFORT F. G. 1966. - Contribution a l'etude des plantes a myrmecodomaties de l'Afrique intertropicale. Mem. Institut Fond. d'Afrique Noire - Melanges botaniques 75: 3 - 66." type="journal article" year="1966">SCHNELL &amp; BEAUFORT (1966)</bibRefCitation>
, however, noted that swollen-stem myrmecodomatia were present only in some of the specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FFBEFFC2C13570DDAAFD5B96" box="[813,929,1249,1275]" name="Cameroon" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
they examined and were consistently absent from specimens collected from elsewhere in the range of the species, notably
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FFBEFFC2C0E57101AA175A3A" box="[765,843,1341,1367]" name="Gabon" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Gabon</collectingCountry>
. LETOUZEY, the botanist who collected most widely in
<collectingCountry id="F35855B3FFBEFFC2C1827167AD4C5A18" box="[922,1040,1371,1397]" name="Cameroon" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, also noted the geographic heterogeneity of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFBEFFC2C1FC7145AD075AFE" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[996,1115,1401,1427]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFBEFFC2C1FC7145AD075AFE" box="[996,1115,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">L. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in presence vs. absence of swollen internodes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFBEFFC2C65171A5ABBF5ABC" author="LETOUZEY" firstAuthor="LETOUZEY" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="500" refId="ref20573" refString="LETOUZEY R. 1985. - Notice de la carte phytogeographique du Cameroun au 1: 500 000. - 4) TV: Domaine de la foret dense humide toujours verte (Pages 95 a 142 avec groupements n ° 185 a 267). nst. de la Carte Internationale de la Vegetation, Toulouse." type="journal article" year="1985">LETOUZEY 1985</bibRefCitation>
; see also notes accompanying numerous specimens and unpublished field notes).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFBEFFC1C0A771C9A84D5E29" blockId="1.[677,1210,941,1704]" lastBlockId="2.[114,647,205,1704]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
Field, greenhouse and herbarium studies reported on here demonstrate that
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFBEFFC2C632722FADFC5941" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[1066,1184,1554,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFBEFFC2C632722FADFC5941" box="[1066,1184,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">L. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is heterogeneous in this and many other characters. The variation concerns several traits that are obviously related to symbiosis with ants (ant-domatia, foliar nectaries), as well as other vegetative characters not directly related to ant-plant interactions (architectural differences related to rhythms of growth), and some floral characters (cauliflory, flower colour).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFBDFFC1C2947575A8EB5D54" blockId="2.[114,647,205,1704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
Some of the characters examined here merit special attention. Traits of myrmecodomatia have not often been used in taxonomic studies of groups including myrmecophytes, possibly because botanists have often mistakenly regarded these structures as galls, induced or altered in form by insects or other agents (see, for example,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFBDFFC1C26A7623A8F75D54" author="SCHNELL &amp; BEAUFORT" box="[114,427,542,569]" firstAuthor="SCHNELL" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="3 - 66" refId="ref20900" refString="SCHNELL R. &amp; BEAUFORT F. G. 1966. - Contribution a l'etude des plantes a myrmecodomaties de l'Afrique intertropicale. Mem. Institut Fond. d'Afrique Noire - Melanges botaniques 75: 3 - 66." type="journal article" year="1966">SCHNELL &amp; BEAUFORT 1966</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFBDFFC1C2947601A8D05D9C" blockId="2.[114,647,205,1704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
In
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFBDFFC1C2B67602A8715D35" box="[174,301,574,600]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFBDFFC1C2B67602A8715D35" box="[174,301,574,600]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Leonardoxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there is variation among the taxa recognised here not only in presence or absence of ant-domatia, but also in several aspects of their structure, and in the timing of onset of expression of these specialised stem swellings in the ontogeny of the plant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFBDFFC1C29476CAAB5B5BB1" blockId="2.[114,647,205,1704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
Traits related to the phenology of vegetative growth are likewise rarely considered in taxonomic studies. Rhythmic growth of shoots characterises all
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFBDFFC1C2E1776DA82D5C06" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[249,369,849,875]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFBDFFC1C2E1776DA82D5C06" box="[249,369,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">L. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the taxa recognised here differ in the number of internodes produced in each spurt of growth (a difference with architectural consequences, evident on both living plants and herbarium specimens) and in the degree to which growth is synchronised among branches (evident only on living trees). Differences in all these traits persist when plants are grown in greenhouses without ants, in common gardens, and in the one known instance when two taxa occur together in the same habitat. Differences in these traits are genetically based and taxonomically informative.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF01523FFBDFFC1C29470DDAB855CE7" blockId="2.[114,647,205,1704]" lastBlockId="2.[677,1210,205,906]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
Discontinuities in variation in these and other characters consistently reveal a pattern of four distinct taxa, mostly allopatric in distribution. These new taxa are here described as subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFBDFFC1C2897167A8565A19" authorityName="Aubrev. LEONARD" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[145,266,1370,1396]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leonardoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BC931FFBDFFC1C2897167A8565A19" box="[145,266,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">L. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, reflecting the opinion that these taxa are not yet completely differentiated and reproductively isolated species. Three of the four subspecies are myrmecophytes, with swollen stems that
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFBDFFC1C35671EAAB0F5A9D" box="[334,595,1494,1520]" form="myrmecodomatia" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" rank="form">form myrmecodomatia</taxonomicName>
and house symbiotic ants. The fourth is not a myrmecophyte but, like the other subspecies (as well as many other
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6EA0FFBDFFC1C34E720EA89B5921" box="[342,455,1586,1612]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Detarieae">Detarieae</taxonomicName>
), possesses foliar nectaries, which attract a diversity of non-resident ants. Experimental and observational field studies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFBDFFC1C2C272B2A8DF59C5" author="MCKEY" box="[218,387,1677,1704]" firstAuthor="MCKEY" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="310 - 355" refId="ref20754" refString="MCKEY D. 1991. - Phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of a mutualism: Leonardoxa (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) and its associated ants: 310 - 355, in HUXLEY C. &amp; CUTLER D. F. (eds.), Ant-Plant Interactions. Oxford University Press, Oxford." type="book chapter" year="1991">MCKEY 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFBDFFC1C38C72B2ABDD59C5" author="GAUME" box="[404,641,1677,1704]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="GAUME" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="209 - 216" refId="ref20230" refString="GAUME L., MCKEY D. &amp; ANSTETT M. C. 1997. - Benefits conferred by &quot; timid &quot; ants: active antiherbivore protection of the rainforest tree Leonardoxa africana by the minute ant Petalomyrmex phylax. Oecologia 112: 209 - 216." type="journal article" year="1997">GAUME et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFBDFFC1C0BD74F2ABBE5F85" author="GAUME L." box="[677,738,206,232]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" refId="ref20090" refString="GAUME L. 1998. - Mutualisme, parasitisme et evolution des symbioses plantes-fourmis: le cas de Leonardoxa (Legumineuse) et de ses fourmis associees. These, Ecole Normale Superieure Agronomique de Montpellier." type="book" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFBDFFC1C0E874F2AD505F85" author="GAUME L. &amp; MCKEY D." box="[752,1036,205,232]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="593 - 601" refId="ref20127" refString="GAUME L. &amp; MCKEY D. 1998. - Protection against herbivores of the myrmecophyte Leonardoxa africana (Baill.) Aubrev. T 3 by its principal ant inhabitant Aphomomyrmex afer Emery. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences de la Vie / Life Sciences 321: 593-601." type="journal article" year="1998">GAUME &amp; MCKEY 1998</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFBDFFC1C60274F2AD0B5F85" author="GAUME L. &amp; MCKEY D." box="[1050,1111,206,232]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="130 - 144" refId="ref20185" refString="GAUME L. &amp; MCKEY D. 1999. - An ant-plant mutualism and its host-specific parasite: activity rhythms, young leaf patrolling, and effects on herbivores of two specialist plant-ants inhabiting the same myrmecophyte. Oikos 84: 130-144." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE68D2FFBDFFC1C67E74F2ABBA5E6A" author="GAUME L." pageId="2" pageNumber="73" refId="ref20090" refString="GAUME L. 1998. - Mutualisme, parasitisme et evolution des symbioses plantes-fourmis: le cas de Leonardoxa (Legumineuse) et de ses fourmis associees. These, Ecole Normale Superieure Agronomique de Montpellier." type="book" year="1998">GAUME 1998</bibRefCitation>
) show that the four taxa recognised here are not only morphologically but also ecologically distinct. Although apparently only incompletely differentiated, they appear to be following independent evolutionary trajectories. This is most clearly illustrated by the coexistence in at least one site of the nonmyrmecophyte and the most highly specialised of the myrmecophytes (degree of specialisation being defined in terms of the number of new characters derived since divergence from the common ancestor). In sympatry, these two taxa remain morphologically and ecologically distinct, suggesting the existence of barriers to gene exchange. Molecular genetic studies (BROUAT et al., in press; C. BROUAT, unpublished data) confirm the distinctness of these coexisting populations and support the taxonomic separations made here on morphological grounds. These studies also suggest past or present gene flow between these taxa.
</paragraph>
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