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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047" ID-GBIF-Dataset="96b35ac5-ed73-465c-9e88-76f169714a83" ID-PMC="PMC7854560" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1012-21" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1AC67CC9000A5FCF86DECCE264464FD8" ID-PubMed="33584107" ID-ZooBank="4B5ACAB053224893BC53B4A48F8DC20C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1012-21" checkinTime="1611749546682" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rivera-Quiroz, Francisco Andres, Petcharad, Booppa &amp; Miller, Jeremy A." docDate="2021" docId="6EFF0126E3795E8B8FBC5DF030F5AF05" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1012: 21-53" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1012" docPubDate="2021-01-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047" docTitle="Crassignatha seeliam Rivera-Quiroz &amp; Petcharad &amp; Miller 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="DA61A955-A1D4-4B7D-A7A0-89AD024460A3" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="1AC67CC9000A5FCF86DECCE264464FD8" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="1AC67CC9000A5FCF86DECCE264464FD8" masterDocTitle="First records and three new species of the family Symphytognathidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Thailand, and the circumscription of the genus Crassignatha Wunderlich, 1995" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1668149733872" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>First records and three new species of the family Symphytognathidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Thailand, and the circumscription of the genus Crassignatha Wunderlich, 1995</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rivera-Quiroz, Francisco Andres</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8748-4930</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Understanding Evolution group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands &amp; Institute for Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">andres.riveraquiroz@naturalis.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Petcharad, Booppa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute for Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Miller, Jeremy A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-9775</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Understanding Evolution group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-01-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1012</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>21</mods:start>
<mods:end>53</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1012-21</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4B5ACAB053224893BC53B4A48F8DC20C</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">1AC67CC9000A5FCF86DECCE264464FD8</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177132026" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DA61A955-A1D4-4B7D-A7A0-89AD024460A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6EFF0126E3795E8B8FBC5DF030F5AF05" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/DA61A955-A1D4-4B7D-A7A0-89AD024460A3" authority="Rivera-Quiroz &amp; Petcharad &amp; Miller, 2021" authorityName="Rivera-Quiroz &amp; Petcharad &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassignatha seeliam" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seeliam" status="sp. nov.">Crassignatha seeliam</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="21">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. 3 D reconstruction of the male palp of Crassignatha with detail in the spermatic ducts: a-c C. seeliam sp. nov. d-f C. danaugirangensis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501612" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Figures 4a-c</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. 3 D reconstruction of some diagnostic characters of Crassignatha males: a, c, e C. danaugirangensis b, d C. seeliam sp. nov. a chelicerae, arrow pointing at the bifurcated tooth b, c detail of the carapace; cephalothorax tubercles (in the squares), and pore bearing sulcus (arrows) d, e male leg II clasper f whole male specimen of C. danaugirangensis prepared for micro-CT inside a modified 10 µl pipette tip and a 0.5 ml Eppendorf tube filled with 70 % Et-OH. Scale bars: 0.06 mm (a); 0.1 mm (b-e)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501613" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">, 5b, d</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. 3 D reconstruction of the habitus of Crassignatha males: a, b C. seeliam sp. nov. c, d C. danaugirangensis. Right pedipalp was dissected previous to the scanning. Scale bars: 0.3 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501614" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">, 6a, b</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov., male: Habitus: a ventral view b dorsal view. Palp: c ventral view d retrolateral view. Prosoma: e anterior view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (a, b); 0.15 mm (c-e). Arrow pointing at the cymbial tooth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501618" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">, 10</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov. female: Habitus: a ventral view b dorsal view. Epigynum: c ventral view d dorsal view, cleared. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (a, b); 0.15 mm (c); 0.07 mm (d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501619" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">, 11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov., genitalia. Palp: a ventral view b dorsal view. Epigynum, cleared: c dorsal view d ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (a, b); 0.07 mm (c, d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501620" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">, 12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Holotype</emphasis>
: Thailand • ♂: Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon National Park. Montane evergreen forest;
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="30.454" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="18.507566">18°30.454'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="30.584" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.509735">98°30.584'E</geoCoordinate>
. 1605 m; July 21-24, 2018; Booppa Petcharad, Jeremy Miller, F. Andres Rivera-Quiroz leg.; direct hand coll.; RMNH.ARA.18444.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Paratypes</emphasis>
: Thailand • ♀ allotype; same data as holotype • 8 ♀; same data as holotype; RMNH.5106641• ♂ and ♀ Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep National Park. Montane evergreen forest with pine;
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="48.502" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="18.808367">18°48.502'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="53.528" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.892136">98°53.528'E</geoCoordinate>
. 1409 m; July 24-28, 2018; same collectors as holotype; pitfall traps. RMNH.ARA.18445.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">The species epithet is a derivation of the Thai seeliam (square), in reference to the shape of the abdomen in dorsal view.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
Distinguished from other
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassignatha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crassignatha</taxonomicName>
species except
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lin &amp; Li" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassignatha quadriventris" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriventris">Crassignatha quadriventris</taxonomicName>
(Lin &amp; Li, 2009) by the semi-squared posterior of the abdomen in dorsal view (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov., male: Habitus: a ventral view b dorsal view. Palp: c ventral view d retrolateral view. Prosoma: e anterior view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (a, b); 0.15 mm (c-e). Arrow pointing at the cymbial tooth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501618" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">10b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov. female: Habitus: a ventral view b dorsal view. Epigynum: c ventral view d dorsal view, cleared. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (a, b); 0.15 mm (c); 0.07 mm (d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501619" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">11b</figureCitation>
). Female can be separated from
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. quadriventris" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="quadriventris">C. quadriventris</taxonomicName>
by the coiling of the copulatory ducts in the epigynum (compare Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov. female: Habitus: a ventral view b dorsal view. Epigynum: c ventral view d dorsal view, cleared. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (a, b); 0.15 mm (c); 0.07 mm (d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501619" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">11d</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov., genitalia. Palp: a ventral view b dorsal view. Epigynum, cleared: c dorsal view d ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (a, b); 0.07 mm (c, d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501620" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">12c, d</figureCitation>
to
<bibRefCitation author="Lin, Y" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination="47 - 68" refId="B23" refString="Lin, Y, Li, S, 2009. First described Patu spiders (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Asia. Zootaxa 2154: 47 - 68" title="First described Patu spiders (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Asia." volume="2154" year="2009">Lin and Li 2009</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 10). Male differs on the size of tegular sclerites and the cymbial tooth being short and stout instead of hook-shaped (compare Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov., male: Habitus: a ventral view b dorsal view. Palp: c ventral view d retrolateral view. Prosoma: e anterior view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (a, b); 0.15 mm (c-e). Arrow pointing at the cymbial tooth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501618" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">10c, d</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov., genitalia. Palp: a ventral view b dorsal view. Epigynum, cleared: c dorsal view d ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (a, b); 0.07 mm (c, d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501620" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">12a, b</figureCitation>
to
<bibRefCitation author="Lin, Y" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination="47 - 68" refId="B23" refString="Lin, Y, Li, S, 2009. First described Patu spiders (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Asia. Zootaxa 2154: 47 - 68" title="First described Patu spiders (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Asia." volume="2154" year="2009">Lin and Li 2009</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 8).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501618" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rivera-Quiroz &amp; Petcharad &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassignatha seeliam" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seeliam">Crassignatha seeliam</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male: Habitus:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">a</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">b</emphasis>
dorsal view. Palp:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">c</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">d</emphasis>
retrolateral view. Prosoma:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">e</emphasis>
anterior view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">a, b</emphasis>
); 0.15 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">c-e</emphasis>
). Arrow pointing at the cymbial tooth.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
Carapace coloration orange-brown covered by small tubercles (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. 3 D reconstruction of the habitus of Crassignatha males: a, b C. seeliam sp. nov. c, d C. danaugirangensis. Right pedipalp was dissected previous to the scanning. Scale bars: 0.3 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501614" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">6a, b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov., male: Habitus: a ventral view b dorsal view. Palp: c ventral view d retrolateral view. Prosoma: e anterior view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (a, b); 0.15 mm (c-e). Arrow pointing at the cymbial tooth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501618" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">10a, b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov. female: Habitus: a ventral view b dorsal view. Epigynum: c ventral view d dorsal view, cleared. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (a, b); 0.15 mm (c); 0.07 mm (d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501619" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">11a, b</figureCitation>
). Legs same color, slightly darker on distal portion its segments. Male Tibia II with two spines (mating claspers) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. 3 D reconstruction of some diagnostic characters of Crassignatha males: a, c, e C. danaugirangensis b, d C. seeliam sp. nov. a chelicerae, arrow pointing at the bifurcated tooth b, c detail of the carapace; cephalothorax tubercles (in the squares), and pore bearing sulcus (arrows) d, e male leg II clasper f whole male specimen of C. danaugirangensis prepared for micro-CT inside a modified 10 µl pipette tip and a 0.5 ml Eppendorf tube filled with 70 % Et-OH. Scale bars: 0.06 mm (a); 0.1 mm (b-e)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501613" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">5d</figureCitation>
). Abdomen black with light red patches; squared posteriorly, with sparse sclerotized patches, some bearing long setae (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov., male: Habitus: a ventral view b dorsal view. Palp: c ventral view d retrolateral view. Prosoma: e anterior view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (a, b); 0.15 mm (c-e). Arrow pointing at the cymbial tooth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501618" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">10b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov. female: Habitus: a ventral view b dorsal view. Epigynum: c ventral view d dorsal view, cleared. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (a, b); 0.15 mm (c); 0.07 mm (d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501619" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">11b</figureCitation>
). Male with posterior scutum wrapping the abdomen. Male palp: slightly less sclerotized than carapace. Semicircular from ventral view (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov., male: Habitus: a ventral view b dorsal view. Palp: c ventral view d retrolateral view. Prosoma: e anterior view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (a, b); 0.15 mm (c-e). Arrow pointing at the cymbial tooth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501618" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">10c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov., genitalia. Palp: a ventral view b dorsal view. Epigynum, cleared: c dorsal view d ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (a, b); 0.07 mm (c, d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501620" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">12a</figureCitation>
). Cymbium with distal tooth. Median apophysis as big as Ct (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov., genitalia. Palp: a ventral view b dorsal view. Epigynum, cleared: c dorsal view d ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (a, b); 0.07 mm (c, d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501620" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">12a</figureCitation>
). Embolus filiform, exposed when palp is expanded (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov., genitalia. Palp: a ventral view b dorsal view. Epigynum, cleared: c dorsal view d ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (a, b); 0.07 mm (c, d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501620" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">12c</figureCitation>
). Spermatic duct very long and coiling 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inside the bulb (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. 3 D reconstruction of the male palp of Crassignatha with detail in the spermatic ducts: a-c C. seeliam sp. nov. d-f C. danaugirangensis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501612" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">4b, c</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501619" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rivera-Quiroz &amp; Petcharad &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassignatha seeliam" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seeliam">Crassignatha seeliam</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. female: Habitus:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">a</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">b</emphasis>
dorsal view. Epigynum:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">c</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">d</emphasis>
dorsal view, cleared. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">a, b</emphasis>
); 0.15 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">c</emphasis>
); 0.07 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">d</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501620" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Figure 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rivera-Quiroz &amp; Petcharad &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassignatha seeliam" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seeliam">Crassignatha seeliam</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., genitalia. Palp:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">a</emphasis>
ventral view
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dorsal view. Epigynum, cleared:
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dorsal view
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ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Vulva</emphasis>
: Epigynum with wide scape directed ventrally, heavily sclerotized at the tip (Fig.
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). Copulatory opening at the tip of scape (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov. female: Habitus: a ventral view b dorsal view. Epigynum: c ventral view d dorsal view, cleared. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (a, b); 0.15 mm (c); 0.07 mm (d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501619" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">11d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov., genitalia. Palp: a ventral view b dorsal view. Epigynum, cleared: c dorsal view d ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (a, b); 0.07 mm (c, d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501620" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">12c, d</figureCitation>
). Spermathecae spherical, slightly more sclerotized than epigynum, separated by ca. 2
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their diameter (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov. female: Habitus: a ventral view b dorsal view. Epigynum: c ventral view d dorsal view, cleared. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (a, b); 0.15 mm (c); 0.07 mm (d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501619" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">11d</figureCitation>
). Copulatory ducts very long, coiling over themselves before connecting to S. Fertilization ducts as long as S width, projecting dorsally (figs
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,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Crassignatha seeliam sp. nov., genitalia. Palp: a ventral view b dorsal view. Epigynum, cleared: c dorsal view d ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (a, b); 0.07 mm (c, d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1012.57047.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501620" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">12c</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Male</emphasis>
: Total length 0.68; carapace 0.36 long, 0.30 wide; clypeus 0.13; Chelicera 0.1 long, 0.07 wide; Leg I: femur 0.28, patella 0.12, tibia 0.37, metatarsus 0.17, tarsus 0.22; leg formula I-II-IV-III; abdomen 0.42 long, 0.38 wide.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Female</emphasis>
: Total length 0.69, carapace 0.44 long, 0.39 wide; clypeus 0.12; Chelicera 0.15 long, 0.1 wide; Leg I: femur 0.42, patella 0.15, tibia 0.53, metatarsus 0.22, tarsus 0.27; leg formula I-II-IV-III abdomen 0.44 long, 0.43 wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

90
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Occasional Migrant.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8051">[Metcalf, 1963] Sumatra; Malay Peninsula; Sikkim; Java; Borneo; Malay States; India; Malaya; Perak; Malacca; Singapore Island; Johore; Penang; Indochina; Brunei; Mentawai Islands; Sipora; Borneo (?). [Sanborn, 2014] Malaysia, Borneo, Sabah, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Brunei, Java, Sarawak, Thailand, Indonesia, Indochina, Philippines, Palawan, Vietnam, Malay Peninsula, Northern India.</paragraph>
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Authority:
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Present study; Fig.
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Linnaeus, 1758: 798
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: 108, pl. 12, figs 1-3. -von
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: 79
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<bibRefCitation author="Best, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B11" refString="Best, M, 1970. Etude systematique et ecologique des madreporaires de la region de Banyuls-sur-Mer (Pyrenees-Orientales). Vie et Milieu ser. A, part 2, 20: 293-325." title="Etude systematique et ecologique des madreporaires de la region de Banyuls-sur-Mer (Pyrenees-Orientales). Vie et Milieu ser. A, part 2, 20: 293 - 325." year="1970">Best 1970</bibRefCitation>
: 298, fig. 2. -
<bibRefCitation author="Bourcier, M" journalOrPublisher="Tethys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="811 - 843" refId="B17" refString="Bourcier, M, Zibrowius, H, 1973. Les boues rouges deversees dans le canyon de la Cassidaigne (region de Marseille). Observations en soucoupe plongeante SP350 (juin 1971) et resultats de dragages. Tethys 4 (4): 811 - 843" title="Les boues rouges deversees dans le canyon de la Cassidaigne (region de Marseille). Observations en soucoupe plongeante SP 350 (juin 1971) et resultats de dragages." volume="4" year="1973">Bourcier and Zibrowius 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 826, figs 6, 7. -
<bibRefCitation author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="767 - 784" refId="B331" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1974a. Caryophyllia sarsiae n. sp. and other recent deep-water Caryophyllia (Scleractina) previously referred to little-known fossil species (C. arcuata, C. cylindracea). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 54 (4): 767 - 784" title="Caryophyllia sarsiae n. sp. and other recent deep-water Caryophyllia (Scleractina) previously referred to little-known fossil species (C. arcuata, C. cylindracea)." volume="54" year="1974 a">Zibrowius 1974a</bibRefCitation>
: 761-766, pl. 2, figs 3-5. -
<bibRefCitation author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B337" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1980. Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental. Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" title="Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental." year="1980">Zibrowius 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 36-40, pl. 13, figs A-P
<bibRefCitation author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Tethys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="375 - 384" refId="B342" refString="Zibrowius, H, Grieshaber, A, 1977. Scleractiniaires de l'Adriatique. Tethys 7 (4): 375 - 384" title="Scleractiniaires de l'Adriatique." volume="7" year="1977">. -Zibrowius and Grieshaber 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 377. -
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 39-42, pl. 3, fig. 2, pl. 4, fig. 5, pl. 5, figs 1-3
<bibRefCitation author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="7 - 28" refId="B336" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1979. Resultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la Calypso en Mediterranee nord-orientale (1955, 1956, 1960, 1964). 7: Scleractiniaires. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique, Paris 55: 7 - 28" title="Resultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la Calypso en Mediterranee nord-orientale (1955, 1956, 1960, 1964). 7: Scleractiniaires." volume="55" year="1979">. -Zibrowius 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 21. -
<bibRefCitation author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B337" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1980. Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental. Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" title="Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental." year="1980">Zibrowius 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 36-40, pl. 13, figs A-P. -
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: 15, pl. 3, figs 4-6
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 30" refId="B33" refString="Cairns, S, 1984. New records of ahermatypic corals (Scleractinia) from the Hawaiian and Line Islands. Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum 25 (10): 1 - 30" title="New records of ahermatypic corals (Scleractinia) from the Hawaiian and Line Islands." volume="25" year="1984">. -Cairns 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 10, pl. 1, fig. H. -
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a: 9-10, pl. 2, fig. J, pl. 3, figs A-D. -
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: 233
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: 18-19, pl. 3, figs F-H. -
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: 41, pl. 5, figs C-F, pl. 6, figs A, B. -
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: 79-80. -
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: 372-374, fig. 1F-L. -Cairns 1999: 61, fig. 2E, F. -
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Atoll Research Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="13 - 46" refId="B57" refString="Cairns, S, Hoeksema, B, van der Land, J, 1999. Appendix: List of Extant Stony Corals. Atoll Research Bulletin 459: 13 - 46" title="Appendix: List of Extant Stony Corals." volume="459" year="1999">Cairns et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 35
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="259 - 329" refId="B45" refString="Cairns, S, 2004a. The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 56: 259 - 329" title="The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia." volume="56" year="2004 a">. -Cairns 2004a</bibRefCitation>
: 274-275
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: 171, 173
<bibRefCitation author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Biotemas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 63" refId="B149" refString="Kitahara, M, 2006. Novas ocorrencias de corais azooxantelados (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) na plataforma e talude continental do sul do Brasil. Biotemas 19 (3): 55 - 63" title="Novas ocorrencias de corais azooxantelados (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) na plataforma e talude continental do sul do Brasil." volume="19" year="2006">. -Kitahara 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 58, fig. 2A, B
<bibRefCitation author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="497 - 518" refId="B150" refString="Kitahara, M, 2007. Species richness and distribution of azooxanthellate Scleractinia in Brazil. Bulletin of Marine Science 81 (3): 497 - 518" title="Species richness and distribution of azooxanthellate Scleractinia in Brazil." volume="81" year="2007">. -Kitahara 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 500-501, fig. 2G. -
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Paper of the Bernice P Bishop Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B48" refString="Cairns, S, 2009. Online appendix: Phylogenetic list of 711 valid Recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species, with their junior synonyms and depth ranges. In: Roberts J, Wheeler, A, Freiwald, A, Cairns S (Eds) Cold water corals: The Biology and Geology of Deep-sea Corals Habitats. Cambridge University Press. https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7548" title="Online appendix: Phylogenetic list of 711 valid Recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species, with their junior synonyms and depth ranges. In: Roberts J, Wheeler, A, Freiwald, A, Cairns S (Eds) Cold water corals: The Biology and Geology of Deep-sea Corals Habitats. Cambridge University Press. https: // repository. si. edu / handle / 10088 / 7548" year="2009">Cairns 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 4. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Miller, K" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Reale Accademia dalle Scienze di Torino, Classe di Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B183" refString="Miller, K, Williams, A, Rowden, A, Knowles, C, Dunshea, G, 2010. Conflicting estimates of connectivity among deep-sea coral populations. Marine Ecology 31(Suppl. 1): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2010.00380.x" title="Conflicting estimates of connectivity among deep-sea coral populations. Marine Ecology 31 (Suppl. 1): 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.2010.00380. x" year="2010">. -Miller et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
, 3-5, 7, 9-10, 12. -
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: 447-449, figs 241G-I, 243.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Amphihelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphihelia oculata" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="oculata">Amphihelia oculata</taxonomicName>
. -
<bibRefCitation author="Milne-Edwards, H" journalOrPublisher="Roret, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B191" refString="Milne-Edwards, H, Haime, J, 1857. Classification et description des Zoantharies Sclerodermes de la section des Madreporaires Apores. Histoire Naturelle des Coralliaires ou Polypes proprement dits 2. Roret, Paris" title="Classification et description des Zoantharies Sclerodermes de la section des Madreporaires Apores. Histoire Naturelle des Coralliaires ou Polypes proprement dits 2." year="1857">Milne-Edwards and Haime 1857</bibRefCitation>
: 119. -
<bibRefCitation author="Duncan, P" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="303 - 344" refId="B71" refString="Duncan, P, 1873. A description of the Madreporaria dredged up during the expeditions of H. M. S. Porcupine in 1869 and 1870, part 1. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 8 (5): 303 - 344" title="A description of the Madreporaria dredged up during the expeditions of H. M. S. Porcupine in 1869 and 1870, part 1." volume="8" year="1873">Duncan 1873</bibRefCitation>
: 326, pl. 45, figs 1-3. -
<bibRefCitation author="Alcock, A" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B8" refString="Alcock, A, 1902c. Report on the deep-sea Madreporaria of the Siboga-Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie 16a: 1-52. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11383" title="Report on the deep-sea Madreporaria of the Siboga-Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie 16 a: 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11383" year="1902 c">Alcock 1902c</bibRefCitation>
: 35. -von
<bibRefCitation author="Marenzeller, von E" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B177" refString="Marenzeller, von E, 1904a. Steinkorallen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer Valdivia 1898-1899 7(3): 261-318." title="Steinkorallen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899 7 (3): 261 - 318." year="1904 a">Marenzeller 1904a</bibRefCitation>
: 308-310, pl. 14, fig. 1. -
<bibRefCitation author="Gravier, C" journalOrPublisher="Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I, Prince Souverain de Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 123" refId="B114" refString="Gravier, C, 1920. Madreporaires provenant des campagnes des yachts Princesse - Alice et Hirondelle II (1893-1913). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I, Prince Souverain de Monaco 55: 1 - 123" title="Madreporaires provenant des campagnes des yachts Princesse - Alice et Hirondelle II (1893 - 1913)." volume="55" year="1920">Gravier 1920</bibRefCitation>
: 89, pl. 10, fig. 158-164.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Amphihelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphihelia ramea" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramea">Amphihelia ramea</taxonomicName>
. -
<bibRefCitation author="Duncan, P" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="303 - 344" refId="B71" refString="Duncan, P, 1873. A description of the Madreporaria dredged up during the expeditions of H. M. S. Porcupine in 1869 and 1870, part 1. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 8 (5): 303 - 344" title="A description of the Madreporaria dredged up during the expeditions of H. M. S. Porcupine in 1869 and 1870, part 1." volume="8" year="1873">Duncan 1873</bibRefCitation>
: 326, pl. 44, figs 1-3, pl. 45, figs 4-6, pl. 46, figs 1-19. -Jordon 1895: 26. -
<bibRefCitation author="Alcock, A" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B8" refString="Alcock, A, 1902c. Report on the deep-sea Madreporaria of the Siboga-Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie 16a: 1-52. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11383" title="Report on the deep-sea Madreporaria of the Siboga-Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie 16 a: 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11383" year="1902 c">Alcock 1902c</bibRefCitation>
: 35.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moseley" authorityYear="1880" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Lophohelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lophohelia candida" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="candida">Lophohelia candida</taxonomicName>
. -
<bibRefCitation author="Moseley, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 248" refId="B196" refString="Moseley, H, 1881. Report on certain hydroid, alcyonarian, and madreporarian corals procured during the voyage H.M.S. Challenger, in the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Zoology 2: 1 - 248" title="Report on certain hydroid, alcyonarian, and madreporarian corals procured during the voyage H. M. S. Challenger, in the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76." volume="2" year="1881">Moseley 1881</bibRefCitation>
: 179-180, pl. 9, figs 6-13.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Lophohelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lophohelia tenuis" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuis">Lophohelia tenuis</taxonomicName>
. -
<bibRefCitation author="Moseley, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 248" refId="B196" refString="Moseley, H, 1881. Report on certain hydroid, alcyonarian, and madreporarian corals procured during the voyage H.M.S. Challenger, in the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Zoology 2: 1 - 248" title="Report on certain hydroid, alcyonarian, and madreporarian corals procured during the voyage H. M. S. Challenger, in the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76." volume="2" year="1881">Moseley 1881</bibRefCitation>
: 180-181, pl. 8, figs 11-14
<bibRefCitation author="Bourne, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="26 - 37" refId="B22" refString="Bourne, G, 1903. Some new and rare corals from Funifuti. Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology) 29: 26 - 37" title="Some new and rare corals from Funifuti." volume="29" year="1903">. -Bourne 1903</bibRefCitation>
: 26.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime, 1857" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1898" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Cyathohelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyathohelia formosa" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="formosa">Cyathohelia formosa</taxonomicName>
Alcock, 1898: 26-27, figs 2, 2A.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1898" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Lophohelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lophohelia investigatoris" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="investigatoris">Lophohelia investigatoris</taxonomicName>
Alcock, 1898: 24-25.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Desmophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Desmophyllum" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Desmophyllum</taxonomicName>
sp. -
<bibRefCitation author="Alcock, A" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B8" refString="Alcock, A, 1902c. Report on the deep-sea Madreporaria of the Siboga-Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie 16a: 1-52. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11383" title="Report on the deep-sea Madreporaria of the Siboga-Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie 16 a: 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11383" year="1902 c">Alcock 1902c</bibRefCitation>
: 28.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vaughan" authorityYear="1907" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Madrepora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madrepora kauaiensis" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kauaiensis">Madrepora kauaiensis</taxonomicName>
Vaughan, 1907: 83-81, pl. 8, figs 1-2. -
<bibRefCitation author="Gardiner, J" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B105" refString="Gardiner, J, Waugh, P, 1939. Madreporaria excluding Flabellidae and Turbinolidae. Scientific Reports of the John Murray Expedition 1933-34 6(5): 225-242." title="Madreporaria excluding Flabellidae and Turbinolidae. Scientific Reports of the John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34 6 (5): 225 - 242." year="1939">Gardiner and Waugh 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 227
<bibRefCitation author="Crossland, C" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 257" refId="B65" refString="Crossland, C, 1952. Madreporaria, Hydrocorallinae, Heliopora and Tubipora. Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-29. Scientific Reports 6 (3): 85 - 257" title="Madreporaria, Hydrocorallinae, Heliopora and Tubipora. Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928 - 29." volume="6" year="1952">. -Crossland 1952</bibRefCitation>
: 121. -
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: 47.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Amphihelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphihelia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Amphihelia</taxonomicName>
sp
<bibRefCitation author="Gardiner, J" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="687 - 689" refId="B101" refString="Gardiner, J, 1913. The corals of the Scottish national Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 49 (3): 687 - 689" title="The corals of the Scottish national Antarctic Expedition." volume="49" year="1913">. -Gardiner 1913</bibRefCitation>
: 689.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1846" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Madrepora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madrepora tenuis" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuis">Madrepora tenuis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Faustino, L" journalOrPublisher="Monographs, Philippine Bureau of Science 22" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B92" refString="Faustino, L, 1927. Recent Madreporaria of the Philippine Islands. Monographs, Philippine Bureau of Science 22" title="Recent Madreporaria of the Philippine Islands." year="1927">. -Faustino 1927</bibRefCitation>
: 107-108, pl. 14, figs 2, 5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Faustino" authorityYear="1927" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Madrepora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madrepora alcocki" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alcocki">Madrepora alcocki</taxonomicName>
Faustino, 1927: 106.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1846" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Madrepora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madrepora formosa" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="formosa">Madrepora formosa</taxonomicName>
. -
<bibRefCitation author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Tethys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="747 - 777" refId="B332" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1974b. Scleractiniaires des iles Saint Paul et Amsterdam (Sud de l'Ocean Indien) Scleractinia of Saint-Paul and Amsterdam islands (southern Indian Ocean). Tethys 5 (4): 747 - 777" title="Scleractiniaires des iles Saint Paul et Amsterdam (Sud de l'Ocean Indien) Scleractinia of Saint-Paul and Amsterdam islands (southern Indian Ocean)." volume="5" year="1974 b">Zibrowius 1974b</bibRefCitation>
: 568-570, figs 6-9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="Milne-Edwards &amp; Haime, 1849" authorityName="Milne-Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1849" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Lophelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lophelia exigua" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="exigua">Lophelia exigua</taxonomicName>
. -
<bibRefCitation author="Boshoff, P" journalOrPublisher="Investigational Report" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 45" refId="B21" refString="Boshoff, P, 1981. An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban. Investigational Report 49: 1 - 45" title="An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban." volume="49" year="1981">Boshoff 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 37.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Madrepora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madrepora" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Madrepora</taxonomicName>
sp. -
<bibRefCitation author="Veron, J" journalOrPublisher="Angus and Robertson, North Ryde (Sydney)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B291" refString="Veron, J, 1986. Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific. Angus and Robertson, North Ryde (Sydney)" title="Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific." year="1986">Veron 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 599.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Tyrrhenian Sea and Sicily, Mediterranean; depth unknown (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 243" refId="B54" refString="Cairns, S, Zibrowius, H, 1997. Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 172: 27 - 243" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions." volume="172" year="1997">Cairns and Zibrowius 1997</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Types are lost (
<bibRefCitation author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B337" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1980. Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental. Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" title="Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental." year="1980">Zibrowius 1980</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="St. Lucia" county="Mfolozi Estuary" elevation="800" latitude="-28.364998" location="Locality" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.576664" municipality="Estuary" specimenCount="1">
ORI_DIIIf1 (1 fragment):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6EFFF801366C59EE81D187231F7FD5B5:CF218D3DB46018839E72817C9AB5AB4B" country="St. Lucia" county="Mfolozi Estuary" latitude="-28.364998" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.576664" municipality="Estuary" name="Locality">Locality</location>
data unknown. SAM_H3038 (5 fragments):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6EFFF801366C59EE81D187231F7FD5B5:3AE5D468111325EA43DBE574D6BE9A6C" country="St. Lucia" county="Mfolozi Estuary" latitude="-28.364998" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.576664" municipality="Estuary" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" unit="km" value="17.0">17 km</quantity>
from
<collectingCountry name="Saint Lucia">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
<collectingMunicipality>Estuary</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Mfolozi Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="53.99" value="-28.364998">28°21'53.99&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="36.00" value="32.576664">32°34'36.00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="8.25" metricValueMin="7.75" unit="m" value="800.0" valueMax="825.0" valueMin="775.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="8.25" metricValueMin="7.75" unit="m" value="800.0" valueMax="825.0" valueMin="775.0">775-825 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Saint Lucia" county="Mtentu Estuary" elevation="900" latitude="-30.719997" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="30.81333" municipality="Port Shepstone" specimenCount="900">
SAM_H3039 (10 fragments):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6EFFF801366C59EE81D187231F7FD5B5:7265FDC114C39738390E0860A12616F4" country="Saint Lucia" county="Mtentu Estuary" latitude="-30.719997" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="30.81333" municipality="Port Shepstone" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="km" value="36.0">36 km</quantity>
off
<collectingMunicipality>Port Shepstone</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" unit="km" value="49.0">49 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Mtentu Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="11.99" value="-30.719997">30°43'11.99&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="47.99" value="30.81333">30°48'47.99&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount type="generic">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="m" value="900.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Saint Lucia" county="Mhlabatshane Estuary" elevation="780" latitude="-30.719997" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="30.81333" municipality="Port Shepstone" specimenCount="780">
SAM_H3040 (1 fragments):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6EFFF801366C59EE81D187231F7FD5B5:E678565FC80988E0F3088B186E0053F5" country="Saint Lucia" county="Mhlabatshane Estuary" latitude="-30.719997" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="30.81333" municipality="Port Shepstone" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="km" value="36.0">36 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality>Port Shepstone</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" unit="km" value="29.0">29 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Mhlabatshane Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="11.99" value="-30.719997">30°43' 11.99&quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="47.99" value="30.81333">30°48'47.99&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount type="generic">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" unit="m" value="780.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" unit="m" value="780.0">780 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Corallum colonial, with delicate distal branches. Colonies usually bushy but distal branches uniplanar, with sympodially arranged corallites. Corallites circular, reaching ≤ 3.0 mm in CD, with slightly serrated calicular margin. Costae thin and prominent near calicular edge, usually corresponding to higher cycle septa. Coenosteum finely granular, longitudinally striated. Corallum light beige to white.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Septa thin and hexamerally arranged in three complete cycles according to the formula: S1&gt; S2&gt; S3 (24 septa). S1 highly exsert, extending towards columella deep in fossa with dentate and sometimes laciniate axial margin. S2 less exsert, half the width of S1, and have dentate axial edges. S3 rudimentary and discontinuous. Fossa deep, containing a poorly developed papillose columella.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Regional: Southern and Eastern margins of South Africa, off Still Bay (
<bibRefCitation author="Boshoff, P" journalOrPublisher="Investigational Report" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 45" refId="B21" refString="Boshoff, P, 1981. An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban. Investigational Report 49: 1 - 45" title="An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban." volume="49" year="1981">Boshoff 1981</bibRefCitation>
) extending towards St Lucia; 780-900 m. Elsewhere: Cosmopolitan, apart from Antarctica (
<bibRefCitation author="Alcock, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B5" refString="Alcock, A, 1898. An account of the deep-sea Madreporaria collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 29 p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.27614" title="An account of the deep-sea Madreporaria collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 29 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 27614" year="1898">Alcock 1898</bibRefCitation>
; von
<bibRefCitation author="Marenzeller, von E" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B177" refString="Marenzeller, von E, 1904a. Steinkorallen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer Valdivia 1898-1899 7(3): 261-318." title="Steinkorallen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899 7 (3): 261 - 318." year="1904 a">Marenzeller 1904a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation author="Gardiner, J" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="167 - 202" refId="B104" refString="Gardiner, J, Waugh, P, 1938. The flabellid and turbinolid corals. The John Murray Expedition 1933-34. Scientific Reports 5 (7): 167 - 202" title="The flabellid and turbinolid corals. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34." volume="5" year="1938">; Gardiner and Waugh 1938</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B337" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1980. Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental. Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" title="Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental." year="1980">Zibrowius 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, S, 1982. Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia. Antarctic Research Series 34 (1): 1 - 74" title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia." volume="34" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
, 1984;
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="259 - 329" refId="B45" refString="Cairns, S, 2004a. The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 56: 259 - 329" title="The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia." volume="56" year="2004 a">; Cairns 2004a</bibRefCitation>
); 15-1950 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Madrepora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madrepora oculata" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Madrepora oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the most well-studied framework building azooxanthellate coral species, and has been reported worldwide (apart from Antarctica). The first record from South Africa was identified as
<taxonomicName authority="Milne-Edwards &amp; Haime, 1849" authorityName="Milne-Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1849" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Lophelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lophelia exigua" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lophelia exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pourtalès">Pourtales</normalizedToken>
, 1871 (
<bibRefCitation author="Boshoff, P" journalOrPublisher="Investigational Report" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 45" refId="B21" refString="Boshoff, P, 1981. An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban. Investigational Report 49: 1 - 45" title="An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban." volume="49" year="1981">Boshoff 1981</bibRefCitation>
) (ORI_DIIIf1), but two localities were listed, making it unclear where the sample was collected. Nonetheless, both of the stations fall within the southern margin of South Africa. One of the examined specimens (SAM_H3038) is attached to hexactinellid sponge spicules
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>