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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.383.6418" ID-GBIF-Dataset="23d1b4ba-12f6-48bf-8cb4-a07a340488f9" ID-PMC="PMC3950464" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-383-1" ID-PubMed="24624021" ID-ZBK="93106FE982C8493791E7339AEAD74BE5" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-383-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 383" ModsDocTitle="Review of Apantelessensu stricto (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, with keys to all described species from Mesoamerica" checkinTime="1451246290001" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., Whitfield, James B., Rodriguez, Josephine J., Smith, M. Alex, Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie D., Hajibabaei, Mehrdad, Burns, John M., Solis, M. Alma, Brown, John, Cardinal, Sophie, Goulet, Henri &amp; Hebert, Paul D. N." docDate="2014" docId="6EDC454744308A1567308EF60C358A6B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 383: 1-565" docOrigin="ZooKeys 383" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.383.6418" docTitle="Apanteles oscarchavezi Fernandez-Triana, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="FEC95685-635B-4AB6-8FA7-11B958F835E7" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="247" masterDocId="060FFFBFFFDE4805FFDDDF66FFB3FFAE" masterDocTitle="Review of Apantelessensu stricto (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, with keys to all described species from Mesoamerica" masterLastPageNumber="565" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="246" updateTime="1668157750355" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Review of Apantelessensu stricto (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, with keys to all described species from Mesoamerica</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Whitfield, James B.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rodriguez, Josephine J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smith, M. Alex</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hallwachs, Winnie D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hajibabaei, Mehrdad</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Burns, John M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Solis, M. Alma</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Brown, John</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cardinal, Sophie</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Goulet, Henri</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hebert, Paul D. N.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>383</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.383.6418</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.383.6418</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-383-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">93106FE982C8493791E7339AEAD74BE5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">93106FE982C8493791E7339AEAD74BE5</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152051301" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FEC95685-635B-4AB6-8FA7-11B958F835E7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6EDC454744308A1567308EF60C358A6B" lastPageId="246" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
<subSubSection pageId="245" pageNumber="246" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/FEC95685-635B-4AB6-8FA7-11B958F835E7" authority="Fernandez-Triana" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles oscarchavezi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oscarchavezi">
Apanteles oscarchavezi
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández-Triana">Fernandez-Triana</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="245" pageNumber="246">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Fig. 149
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="245" pageNumber="246" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="245" pageNumber="246">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
San Gerardo, 575m, 10.88009, -85.38887.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="245" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="245" pageNumber="246">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="245" pageNumber="246">♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. San Gerardo: Est. San Gerardo, Date: 1 Mar-15 May 08. 2. DHJPAR0026271.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="245" pageNumber="246" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="245" pageNumber="246">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="245" pageNumber="246">2 ♀, 5 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0012743, DHJPAR0013191, DHJPAR0013424, DHJPAR0013542, DHJPAR0013637, DHJPAR0024664, DHJPAR0026280.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="246" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="245" pageNumber="246">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="246" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
Female. Body color: body mostly dark except for some sternites which may be pale. Antenna color: scape, pedicel, and flagellum dark. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): pale, pale, dark. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): pale, pale, mostly pale but posterior 0.2 or less dark. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): pale, pale, mostly pale but with posterior 0.2 or less dark. Tegula and humeral complex color: both pale. Pterostigma color: dark. Fore wing veins color: mostly dark (a few veins may be unpigmented). Antenna length/body length: antenna about as long as body (head to apex of metasoma); if slightly shorter,
<pageBreakToken pageId="246" pageNumber="247" start="start">at</pageBreakToken>
least extending beyond anterior 0.7 metasoma length. Body in lateral view: not distinctly flattened
<normalizedToken originalValue="dorso–ventrally">dorso-ventrally</normalizedToken>
. Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 2.5-2.6 mm or 2.7-2.8 mm. Fore wing length: 2.5-2.6 mm or 2.7-2.8 mm.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ocular–ocellar">Ocular-ocellar</normalizedToken>
line/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.0-2.2. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.7-1.9. Antennal flagellomerus 2 length/width: 2.6-2.8. Antennal flagellomerus 14 length/width: 1.0 or less. Length of flagellomerus 2/length of flagellomerus 14: 2.6-2.8. Tarsal claws: with single basal
<normalizedToken originalValue="spine–like">spine-like</normalizedToken>
seta. Metafemur length/width: 3.0-3.1. Metatibia inner spur length/metabasitarsus length: 0.4-0.5. Anteromesoscutum: mostly with deep, dense punctures (separated by less than 2.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
its maximum diameter). Mesoscutellar disc: with punctures near margins, central part mostly smooth. Number of pits in scutoscutellar sulcus: 9 or 10. Maximum height of mesoscutellum lunules/maximum height of lateral face of mesoscutellum: 0.4-0.5. Propodeum areola: completely defined by carinae, including transverse carina extending to spiracle. Propodeum background sculpture: mostly sculptured. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.3-2.5. Mediotergite 1 shape: more or less
<normalizedToken originalValue="parallel–sided">parallel-sided</normalizedToken>
. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: mostly sculptured, excavated area centrally with transverse striation inside and/or a polished knob centrally on posterior margin of mediotergite. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 3.6-3.9. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: with some sculpture, mostly near posterior margin. Outer margin of hypopygium: with a medially folded, transparent,
<normalizedToken originalValue="semi–desclerotized">semi-desclerotized</normalizedToken>
area; with 0-3 pleats visible. Ovipositor thickness: anterior width at most 2.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
posterior width (beyond ovipositor constriction). Ovipositor sheaths length/metatibial length: 0.6-0.7. Length of fore wing veins r/2RS: 1.4-1.6. Length of fore wing veins 2RS/2M: 1.1-1.3. Length of fore wing veins 2M/(RS+M)b: 0.7-0.8. Pterostigma length/width: 2.6-3.0. Point of insertion of vein r in pterostigma: clearly before half way point length of pterostigma. Angle of vein r with fore wing anterior margin: clearly outwards, inclined towards fore wing apex. Shape of junction of veins r and 2RS in fore wing: distinctly but not strongly angled.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Male. As in female.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="246" pageNumber="247" type="molecular data">
<paragraph pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Molecular data.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Sequences in BOLD: 49 (32 from Mexico, 17 from ACG), barcode compliant sequences: 49.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="246" pageNumber="247" type="biology/ecology">
<paragraph pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Biology/ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Malaise-trapped.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="246" pageNumber="247" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Costa Rica, ACG; Mexico, State of Jalisco.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="246" pageNumber="247" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
This species is characterized by hypopygium with a median folded, transparent, semi-desclerotized area with 1-3 pleats visible; ovipositor thin (thinner than width of median flagellomerus), and with basal width &lt;2.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
its apical width after constriction; tarsal claws with one basal spine-like seta; mediotergite 1 length 2.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
its width; and mediotergite 2 with some sculpture near its posterior margin. The molecular data supports this species as divergent (Fig. 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="246" pageNumber="247" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
We dedicate this species to Oscar
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chávez">Chavez</normalizedToken>
in recognition of his diligent efforts as ACG chofer.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.271.4062" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c93c3a93-d2e1-4c85-8ece-bf3aa1a5109d" ID-PMC="PMC3652427" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-271-1" ID-PubMed="23717185" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-271-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 271" ModsDocTitle="A systematic revision of Operclipygus Marseul (Coleoptera, Histeridae, Exosternini)" checkinTime="1451247655320" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Caterino, Michael S. &amp; Tishechkin, Alexey K." docDate="2013" docId="6EDC657AD894DF9173FD40FA8973FD6D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 271: 1-401" docOrigin="ZooKeys 271" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.271.4062" docTitle="Operclipygus troglodytes Caterino &amp; Tishechkin, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="229" masterDocId="4403FF80FFE7FF95FFDA5D0E29259B2F" masterDocTitle="A systematic revision of Operclipygus Marseul (Coleoptera, Histeridae, Exosternini)" masterLastPageNumber="401" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="228" updateTime="1668155382655" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A systematic revision of Operclipygus Marseul (Coleoptera, Histeridae, Exosternini)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Caterino, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tishechkin, Alexey K.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>271</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>401</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.271.4062</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.271.4062</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-271-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152040941" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EC113EAB-17EE-4FD4-97D8-48E7D3DD41C2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6EDC657AD894DF9173FD40FA8973FD6D" lastPageId="228" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
<subSubSection pageId="227" pageNumber="228" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EC113EAB-17EE-4FD4-97D8-48E7D3DD41C2" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Operclipygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Operclipygus troglodytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">Operclipygus troglodytes</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="227" pageNumber="228">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Fig. 59AMap 21
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="227" pageNumber="228" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
VENEZUELA:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Falcón">Falcon</normalizedToken>
: San Luis Mountains [
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="11.216666">11°13'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-69.64167">69°38.5'W</geoCoordinate>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="227" pageNumber="228" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
Holotype male: &quot;VENEZUELA Falcon State, San Luis Mts. in cave, 1973, P.R.F.Chapman, C.I.E. A7179 CC27&quot; (BMNH). Paratypes (22): 19: same data as type (BMNH, FMNH, AKTC, MSCC); VENEZUELA: Lara, 1: Yacumbu Nat. Park, Sanare, 17.4km SE Yacambu N.P.,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="9.707222">9°42'26&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-69.57611">69°34'34&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1510m, 16-18.v.1998, FIT, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, R. Hanley (SEMC); 2: 18.
<normalizedToken originalValue="v–">v-</normalizedToken>
1.vi.1998, FIT, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, R. Hanley (SEMC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="228" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Diagnostic description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="228" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
This species is extremely similar to the preceding, differing significantly only in the following characters: length: 1.78-2.22 mm, width: 1.47-1.87 mm; frontal stria usually present at middle, interrupted only over anten
<pageBreakToken pageId="228" pageNumber="229" start="start">nal</pageBreakToken>
bases; labrum broader and more distinctly emarginate; marginal pronotal stria not descending onto hypomeron; lateral submarginal pronotal stria obsolete along most of lateral margin, present only in anterior corners; anterior submarginal stria broadly arched across anterior margin, recurved posterad one-fifth to one-fourth pronotal length; prosternum and mesoventrite not as distinctly depressed, posterior half of metaventrite only weakly convex; propygidium with vestigial fragments of microsculpture; pygidium lacking microsculpture, with relatively conspiuous fine ground punctation and coarser punctures rather dense in basal corners, smaller and sparser toward apex; marginal pygidial stria fine, present on apical half to two-thirds of margin. Male genitalia very similar to those of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Operclipygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Operclipygus hamistrius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamistrius">Operclipygus hamistrius</taxonomicName>
(see Figs 57
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
), differing as follows: T8 with sides subparallel; S8 shorter, with apices bluntly subacuminate, ventral creases conspicuous; tegmen shorter, widest distinctly basad middle, with sides rounded, not as strongly narrowed to apex; tegmen like that of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Operclipygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Operclipygus arquus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arquus">Operclipygus arquus</taxonomicName>
(see Fig. 57K).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="228" pageNumber="229" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="228" pageNumber="229">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="228" pageNumber="229">
This species represents one of the most geographically distant extensions of the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Operclipygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Operclipygus hamistrius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamistrius">Operclipygus hamistrius</taxonomicName>
group. However, it is very similar to the preceding species, most readily distinguished by the more strongly abbreviated lateral submarginal pronotal stria (Fig. 59H), which is shorter than the recurved arms of the anterior submarginal stria. Its frontal stria is also more strongly and completely impressed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="228" pageNumber="229" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="228" pageNumber="229">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="228" pageNumber="229">
This
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
name refers to the fact that most specimens were collected in a cave.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.485.9124" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d468e240-9b99-4883-9773-ce197c80d795" ID-PMC="PMC4361813" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-485-1" ID-PubMed="25829847" ID-ZBK="F18CFD3D10294E8AA2E8CEF1AFDBAC8F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-485-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 485" ModsDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy of New World Euplectrus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with focus on 55 new species from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica" checkinTime="1451244611570" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hansson, Christer, Smith, M. Alex, Janzen, Daniel H. &amp; Hallwachs, Winnie" docDate="2015" docId="6EDC900B91E97FC10AA7CA5F706D6687" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 485: 1-236" docOrigin="ZooKeys 485" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.485.9124" docTitle="Euplectrus paulhurdi Hansson, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="2F903136-7A7E-40EF-962F-442F24678F67" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="FF88FF8BFFD1FFF508211F3E69571922" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy of New World Euplectrus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with focus on 55 new species from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica" masterLastPageNumber="236" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1668160088334" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Integrative taxonomy of New World Euplectrus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with focus on 55 new species from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hansson, Christer</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, M. Alex</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>485</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.485.9124</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.485.9124</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-485-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152058411" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2F903136-7A7E-40EF-962F-442F24678F67" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6EDC900B91E97FC10AA7CA5F706D6687" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<subSubSection pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Eulophidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/2F903136-7A7E-40EF-962F-442F24678F67" authority="Hansson" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euplectrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplectrus paulhurdi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paulhurdi">Euplectrus paulhurdi Hansson</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="71" pageNumber="72">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 512-518, 526-528, 778
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="material">
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
Holotype a female labeled &quot;COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Quebrada Otilio, 7.xi.2066, D. Garcia, ex
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Tagela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tagela cayuga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cayuga">Tagela cayuga</taxonomicName>
eating
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Cupania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cupania guatemalensis" order="Sapindales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">Cupania guatemalensis</taxonomicName>
, sibling of wasp DHJPAR0028878, 06-SRNP-48034&quot; (BMNH). PARATYPES: 1♀ 2♂ with same label data as holotype (BMNH, INBio).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<pageBreakToken pageId="72" pageNumber="73" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
Lower face medially yellowish-brown (female, Fig. 513) or white (male, Fig. 514), pale area reaching slightly outside of level of outer margins of toruli; female with legs yellowish-brown with fore and mid coxae yellowish-white (Fig. 512), male legs yellowish-white with hind coxa and hind femur slightly darker; petiole 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide in female, 1.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
in male; gaster dark brown, anterior
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
with a large yellowish-brown (female, Fig. 515) or white (male, Fig. 516) spot; male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle, 3.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide (Fig. 518).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Female. Length of body 1.9 mm. Antenna with scape yellowish-brown with base yellowish-white, pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomeres 1-2 yellowish-brown, 3 yellowish-brown ventrally and dark brown dorsally, 4-6 dark brown (Fig. 517). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny, lower face medially yellowish-brown with pale area reaching slightly outside of level of outer margins of toruli, part between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 513). Frons close to eyes with two rows of setae (Fig. 526). Vertex with very weak reticulation (Fig. 527). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 527).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 512). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 13 setae. Scutellum 0.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 528). Dorsellum anteriorly with a groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 778), groove medially 0.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 778); anteromedially with a transverse triangular cup; propodeal callus with eight setae. Legs yellowish-brown with fore and mid coxae yellowish-white (Fig. 512). Fore wing: costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with three setae close to marginal vein; with 14 admarginal setae, in one row.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
Gaster dark brown, anterior
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
with a large yellowish-brown spot (Fig. 515).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Ratios. HE/MS/WM = 2.0/1.0/1.3; POL/OOL/POO = 6.2/3.3/1.0; OOL/DO = 1.3; WE/WF/WH/HH = 1.0/2.5/4.5/3.3; WH/WT = 1.1; PM/ST = 1.4; TS1/TS2/LT/LT1/LT2/LT3/LT4 = 4.2/2.4/6.0/2.2/1.3/1.0/1.2; LP/WP = 0.8; MM/LG = 1.2.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
Male. Length of body 1.9 mm. Scape white and slightly expanded and widest in the middle (Fig. 518), sensory pores confined to apicoventral
<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
, sensory area pale as scape. Otherwise similar to female except lower face with pale part yellowish-white (Fig. 514), legs yellowish-white with hind coxa and hind femur slightly darker; petiole longer; gaster shorter and with pale part white (Fig. 516).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Ratios. LC/WS = 3.3; LP/WP = 1.0; MM/LG = 1.3.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="hosts and biology">
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Hosts and biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
Feeding on third instar larva of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Tagela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tagela cayuga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cayuga">Tagela cayuga</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Notodontidae" lsidName="" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="family">Notodontidae</taxonomicName>
) feeding on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Cupania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cupania guatemalensis" order="Sapindales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">Cupania guatemalensis</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Sapindaceae" lsidName="Euplectrus" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
), parasitoid cocoons stuck to dead larva and substrate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Costa Rica (Guanacaste Province).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
This species is named after Paul D. Hurd, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG
<taxonomicName lsidName="Euplectrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
taxonomy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.5.1166" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6395ed72-9dc2-43ab-a035-fd19927cfbad" ID-PMC="PMC3174447" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-5-5" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AA21290DFFD9FFD7BF770D368741FFA2" ID-PubMed="22171189" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576083" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1314-2003-5-5" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 5" ModsDocTitle="The identity of Albuca caudata Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae) and a description of a new related species: A. bakeri" checkinTime="1451252106634" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Martinez-Azorin, Mario, Crespo, Manuel B., Dold, Anthony P. &amp; Barker, Nigel P." docDate="2011" docId="6EDCCD15FE3ADC2A38AF7F4BBD9B41B7" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 5: 5-19" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 5" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.5.1166" docTitle="Albuca caudata Jacq., Collectanea 4: 203 1791" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="AA21290DFFD9FFD7BF770D368741FFA2" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="AA21290DFFD9FFD7BF770D368741FFA2" masterDocTitle="The identity of Albuca caudata Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae) and a description of a new related species: A. bakeri" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="5" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1668141441896" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>The identity of Albuca caudata Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae) and a description of a new related species: A. bakeri</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Martinez-Azorin, Mario</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Crespo, Manuel B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number>5</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.5.1166</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-5-5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576083</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152026226" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6EDCCD15FE3ADC2A38AF7F4BBD9B41B7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6EDCCD15FE3ADC2A38AF7F4BBD9B41B7" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName LSID="781D2EFA-D6AD-55A0-8054-21A53C49AB2D" authority="Jacq., Collectanea 4: 203 (1791)." authorityName="Jacq., Collectanea 4: 203" authorityYear="1791" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" genus="Albuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Albuca caudata" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="caudata">Albuca caudata Jacq., Collectanea 4: 203 (1791).</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="7" type="neotype (here designated)">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Neotype (here designated).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="7">
Jacquin, Ic. Pl. Rar. 2(16): 20, t. 442 (1795), ex Promontorio bonae Spei. Apud nos in caldariis floret Decembri &amp; Januario (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Albuca caudata Jacq. from Jacquin, Ic. Pl. Rar. 2 (16): 20, t. 442. 1795." pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="7" type="epitype (here designated)">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Epitype (here designated).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="7">
SOUTH AFRICA.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Eastern Cape:</emphasis>
Alexandria, Addo National Park, 400 feet, 29.X.1954,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">S.M. Johnson</emphasis>
1077 (GRA).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">
Evergreen bulbous plants. Bulb mostly solitary and hypogeal, ovoid to oblong, up to 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6 cm, usually with its wide basal plate elongated into a domed axis where the fleshy scales are attached; tunics fleshy, short and usually not reaching the top of the bulb, imbricate, persistent, papery grey or brownish in the upper part, sometimes with transversal prominent dark ridges, giving a brownish multiscaled appearance to the bulb in outline. Roots fleshy, thick and usually tuberose, white, numerous, up to 200
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4 mm. Leaves 4-10, disposed in an apical rosette, linear-lanceolate, 15-120
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-2 cm, straight up and curving down when old, infolded, canaliculate, persistent, pale bright green to glaucous, glabrous, usually minutely papillate on nerves and margins, with a terete apex evident in young leaves. Inflorescence inclined, unilateral raceme, 11-40 cm long; peduncle 12-55 cm long; pedicels 3.5-9 cm long at base becoming smaller, up to 0.2-1 cm long near top, patent and being usually all erect; bracts ovate-lanceolate to triangular, long acuminate, 11-25
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-9 mm, papery white with brownish distant nerves that converge at the tips, much shorter than pedicels in the lower part of the inflorescence. Flowers erect; tepals white with a green median stripe 2-4 mm wide, sometimes with the tips yellowish; outer tepals oblong, 18-28
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-7 mm, apex slightly cucullate; inner tepals ovate, 15-24
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-10 mm, with apex strongly cucullate. Stamens all six bearing fertile anthers; outer anthers 1.5-2.5 mm long; inner anthers 3-4 mm long; outer filaments 10-16
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2 mm, linear lanceolate to narrowly oblong, not pinched down; inner filaments 10-17
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-3 mm, linear oblong, wider and pinched in the lower half. Ovary oblong to obovate, up to 6-8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-3.5 mm, stipitate, with prominent paraseptal crests that
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="8" start="start">are</pageBreakToken>
divergent in the lower part and form three prominent ridges; style subobpyramidal or clavate, trigonous, up to 7-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2 mm, stigma yellowish green. Capsule ovate, 14-20
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10-14 mm, trigonous to subsphaerical in section, pale-brown when mature; valves splitting in the upper quarter. Seeds flat, c. 5-6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-5 mm, dark brown to black, flattened and semidiscoidal, biseriate and horizontally stacked in each locule. (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Albuca caudata Jacq. Eastern Cape, Redhouse (M. Martinez-Azorin, A. P. Dold &amp; A. Martinez-Soler 45 GRA) a Inflorescence b Outer tepals c Inner tepals d Outer stamen e Inner stamen f Ovary, lateral views g Mature capsule h Dehiscing capsule i Bulb and leaves j Bulb in longitudinal section k Bulb with tuberose roots. Scales 1 cm." pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="8" type="flowering time">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Flowering time.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="8">September to November; capsules dehiscing at the end of November and December.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="8" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="8">
Plants of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq., Collectanea 4: 203" authorityYear="1791" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" genus="Albuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="caudata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Albuca caudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are often associated with bush-clumps, where the inclined inflorescence is supported by woody plants.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="8">
Currently known from Addo in the west to Grahamstown in the east, below 600 m, with an outlying population as far inland as Somerset East, reaching 900 m (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Known distribution of Albuca caudata Jacq." pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="8" type="diagnostic characters">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Diagnostic characters.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq., Collectanea 4: 203" authorityYear="1791" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" genus="Albuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="caudata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Albuca caudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily identified by its bulb mostly solitary covered by brownish papery scales usually disposed at different heights and bearing long thick tuberose roots, its long and narrow canaliculate or infolded leaves, its inclined raceme, with usually all pedicels patent and erect, giving a unilateral appearance to the inflorescence, and its white erect flowers with a median green stripe (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Albuca caudata Jacq. Eastern Cape, Redhouse (M. Martinez-Azorin, A. P. Dold &amp; A. Martinez-Soler 45 GRA) a Inflorescence b Outer tepals c Inner tepals d Outer stamen e Inner stamen f Ovary, lateral views g Mature capsule h Dehiscing capsule i Bulb and leaves j Bulb in longitudinal section k Bulb with tuberose roots. Scales 1 cm." pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="8">
The specific epithet '
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">caudata</emphasis>
' presumably refers to the rather pointed, tail-like leaves, although Jacquin did not specifically mention it (E.E.A. Gledhill, unpubl. ms. in NBG).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="8" type="relationships">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Relationships.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="8">
The recently described
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hilliard &amp; B. L. Burtt" authorityYear="1985" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" genus="Albuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="batteniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Albuca batteniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hilliard &amp; B.L. Burtt (
<bibRefCitation author="Hilliard, OM" journalOrPublisher="Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" pagination="247 - 249" refId="B6" refString="Hilliard, OM, Burtt, BL, 1985. 420 Albuca batteniana. Notes on some plants of Southern Africa: XI. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 42 (2): 247 - 249" title="420 Albuca batteniana. Notes on some plants of Southern Africa: XI." volume="42" year="1985">Hilliard and Burtt 1985</bibRefCitation>
) shares some morphological characters with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq., Collectanea 4: 203" authorityYear="1791" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" genus="Albuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="caudata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Albuca caudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, such as the inclined scape bearing a horizontally arcuate inflorescence with erect pedicels, and the flower morphology. This species, however, differs in the coriaceous recurved much broader and flattened leaves, the longer tepals (30-42 mm long), and the structure of the bulb, being proliferous, epigeal, and composed by scales truncate at the top, disposed into a long domed axis and ending at different heights, without membranous neck (
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Main diagnostic characters among Albuca caudata, Albuca bakeri and Albuca batteniana." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CB259E6E2861967B6A43E76552AC9F03" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="CB259E6E2861967B6A43E76552AC9F03">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="8" type="observations">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Observations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq., Collectanea 4: 203" authorityYear="1791" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" genus="Albuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="caudata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Albuca caudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows some variability in the colour of the membranous bulb scales, being pale coloured with orange transversal ridges in some inland populations whilst those from the coastal areas are usually brown coloured with darker transversal ridges.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" type="selected specimens studied">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Selected specimens studied.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">
SOUTH AFRICA. Alexandria, 4 miles east of Sandflats, 1000 feet, 17/12/1953,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">E.E.A. Archibald</emphasis>
5431 (GRA); Eastern Cape, along road in Springs Reserve, north of Uitenhage, 39 m, 21.X.2009,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">A.B. Low</emphasis>
16732 (GRA); Addo Elephant National Park, in main Botanical Reserve, 20.X.1996,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">K. Johnson</emphasis>
241 (GRA); Alexandria, Nanaga, opposite Glen Rosa turn-off, 1100 feet, 23.X.1953,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">E.E.A. Archibald</emphasis>
5315 (GRA); Eastern Cape, Albany,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Queen´s">Queen's</normalizedToken>
Road, 10 miles north of Grahamstown, 2000 feet, 05.X.1953,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">S. Johnson</emphasis>
774 (GRA); Eastern Cape, Albany, a few yards from
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Archibald</emphasis>
5636,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pluto´s">Pluto's</normalizedToken>
Vale, 2000 feet, 22.IX.1954,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">E.E.A. Archibald</emphasis>
5636 (GRA); Eastern Cape, Grahamstown, c. 5 miles on Cradock road, 626 m, 11.XII.2009,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">
M.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez-Azorín">Martinez-Azorin</normalizedToken>
&amp; A.P. Dold
</emphasis>
85 (GRA); Eastern Cape, Redhouse, thicket west of village, 6 m, 27.XI.2009,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">
M.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez-Azorín">Martinez-Azorin</normalizedToken>
, A.P. Dold &amp; A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez-Soler">Martinez-Soler</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
45 (GRA)
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="9" start="start">.</pageBreakToken>
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq., Collectanea 4: 203" authorityYear="1791" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" genus="Albuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="caudata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Albuca caudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jacq. from Jacquin, Ic. Pl. Rar. 2(16): 20, t. 442. 1795.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mart. - Azorin &amp; M. B. Crespo" authorityYear="2011" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" genus="Albuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="bakeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Albuca bakeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mart.-
<normalizedToken originalValue="Azorín">Azorin</normalizedToken>
&amp; M.B. Crespo from Baker, Refug. Bot. (Saunders) vol. 1, t. 45. 1869 (as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq., Collectanea 4: 203" authorityYear="1791" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" genus="Albuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="caudata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Albuca caudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq., Collectanea 4: 203" authorityYear="1791" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" genus="Albuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="caudata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Albuca caudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jacq. Eastern Cape, Redhouse (M.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez-Azorín">Martinez-Azorin</normalizedToken>
, A.P. Dold &amp; A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez-Soler">Martinez-Soler</normalizedToken>
45 GRA)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">a</emphasis>
Inflorescence
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">b</emphasis>
Outer tepals
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">c</emphasis>
Inner tepals
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">d</emphasis>
Outer stamen
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">e</emphasis>
Inner stamen
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">f</emphasis>
Ovary, lateral views
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">g</emphasis>
Mature capsule
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">h</emphasis>
Dehiscing capsule
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">i</emphasis>
Bulb and leaves
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">j</emphasis>
Bulb in longitudinal section
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">k</emphasis>
Bulb with tuberose roots. Scales 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Known distribution of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq., Collectanea 4: 203" authorityYear="1791" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" genus="Albuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="caudata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Albuca caudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jacq.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="CB259E6E2861967B6A43E76552AC9F03" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CB259E6E2861967B6A43E76552AC9F03" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Table 1.</emphasis>
Main diagnostic characters among
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq., Collectanea 4: 203" authorityYear="1791" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" genus="Albuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="caudata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Albuca caudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mart. - Azorin &amp; M. B. Crespo" authorityYear="2011" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" genus="Albuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="bakeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Albuca bakeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hilliard &amp; B. L. Burtt" authorityYear="1985" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" genus="Albuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="batteniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Albuca batteniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<table pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq., Collectanea 4: 203" authorityYear="1791" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" genus="Albuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="caudata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Albuca caudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mart. - Azorin &amp; M. B. Crespo" authorityYear="2011" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" genus="Albuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="bakeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Albuca bakeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hilliard &amp; B. L. Burtt" authorityYear="1985" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" genus="Albuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="batteniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Albuca batteniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="6">Bulb</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Mostly solitary</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Mostly solitary</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Proliferous</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Ovoid to oblong</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Ovoid to spherical</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Narrowly oblong</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Outer tunics membranous,brown to grey</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Outer tunics fleshy,white to yellow</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Outer tunics somewhat coriaceous,green to brown</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Mostly hypogeal</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Hypogeal</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Mostly epigeal</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Imbricate scales mostly ending at different heights</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">All scales reaching the top of the bulb</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Imbricate scales ending at different heights</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Neck absent or short and thick, covered by brown to grey membranous scales</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Neck long and thin, covered by transversally banded sheathing cataphylls</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Neck usually absent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Roots</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Usually numerous, thick and tuberose</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Thin and scarce</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Thin or slightly thickened</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Leaves</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Narrow, infolded and canaliculate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Narrow, infolded and canaliculate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Wide, flattened and usually recurved</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Inflorescence</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Inclined and secund</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Erect and helicoidal</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Inclined and secund</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Outer tepals</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">18-28 mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">19-23 mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">30-42 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Seeds</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
5-6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-5 mm
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
4-5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-4 mm
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
5-7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-5 mm
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>