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<document id="C6699EACD12DF8115A884113FE9A9A3F" ID-CLB-Dataset="35392" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.400.6743" ID-GBIF-Dataset="65e726d7-6f22-4ba4-9bba-af369030a00d" ID-PMC="PMC4023242" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-400-43" ID-PubMed="24843255" ID-ZooBank="A40595C9C3014F11A950240BC2E0B132" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-400-43" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 400" ModsDocTitle="Petrocephalus boboto and Petrocephalus arnegardi, two new species of African electric fish (Osteoglossomorpha, Mormyridae) from the Congo River basin" checkinTime="1451245994670" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lavoue, Sebastien & Sullivan, John P." docDate="2014" docId="6E411E3FB2689271278CFF0EA88F9A7E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 400: 43-65" docOrigin="ZooKeys 400" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.400.6743" docTitle="Petrocephalus boboto Lavoue & Sullivan, 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="A0EE9192-B7D4-4565-A598-E251D86AD5D4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="FFC2FFAAFF9AFFEA245DFFE49525FFF2" masterDocTitle="Petrocephalus boboto and Petrocephalus arnegardi, two new species of African electric fish (Osteoglossomorpha, Mormyridae) from the Congo River basin" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1701378913427" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3A1EA9DF6C9C1B0E7D404E26CAF32FE3">Petrocephalus boboto and Petrocephalus arnegardi, two new species of African electric fish (Osteoglossomorpha, Mormyridae) from the Congo River basin</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FEDF1E7F2677FD14DCB2519CB727DC3D">Lavoue, Sebastien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F594B9712C59F5A881C823A0F306A22B">Sullivan, John P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9D9413FFEDA1A7E71BA59FE6880B515F">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="38F1BA7BCDF32FD7D1B8DEC6DE0A43B1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="43D5416248345ED6FF06FBE99A0A881B" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.400.6743</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6E411E3FB2689271278CFF0EA88F9A7E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152052502" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A0EE9192-B7D4-4565-A598-E251D86AD5D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E411E3FB2689271278CFF0EA88F9A7E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="B61F303EE7F6F755ABD61A7E46A0C4AC" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BB55128CE0873D619CFEB67A4BFE19B0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="67AFCA0C3FE07B591C1DB7164CF8C019" ID-CoL="776QS" LSID="http://zoobank.org/A0EE9192-B7D4-4565-A598-E251D86AD5D4" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FF1AF4B424DDF9E11B5A8D482E0D464B" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Figs 2and 3; Table 1
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0D7F751678DAC27AF242F062F8356EB1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8FBB2B356F9C8A09CAFDB762BD4FC1EB" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="517FF6625DBB6FA63C1172E840980BA1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||||
CUMV 96774, tag no. JPS-10-426, 56.9 mm SL, sex undetermined, Orientale Province, Democratic Republic of Congo: Congo River at Yangambi,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="D6B8B3AAE399687934885D6FA7709DBA" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="0.76">0.76°N</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="132EB07A35844AD81879F77914B73D6F" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="24.24">24.24°E</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4CE5CBA1C739F67E0D521D842D91119F" originalValue="Lavoué">Lavoue</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al., 10 September 2010.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EEDBF24EF1BEC48C37C157DDCEB6E661" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0B74505F04A966ABA89C16411728CDB2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="825521C18CE6C859760070C6171D1B38" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
.
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FD02394E9898CADB80B59ED50D48FD16" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B60DF451C697DCBC4DD2ED940BE3F619" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
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||||
sp. n. is distinguished from all other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5561E437F1B817FF5B48FD6625D5C255" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Petrocephalus</taxonomicName>
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||||
species of Central Africa (i.e., Lower Guinea and Congo provinces) by the following combination of characteristics: three distinctive bilateral black spots on body, one at origin of the pectoral fin, one at origin of caudal fin and one on flank just below anterior part of dorsal fin; two distinct electoreceptive rosettes in head (i.e., Nakenrosette and Khelrosette), the third rosette (Augenrosette) reduced in size to few knollenorgan pores; 23 branched rays in dorsal fin and 34 branched rays in anal fin; triphasic EOD waveform of normal polarity (i.e. first phase head-positive).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CA4E8F1C81069064F4A39CBF6B4BDA59" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F84AA42181FAFEC1FD053D4A7ABD61EC" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4B5740A4F19B3675634B4063AB738F6D" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
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||||
Morphometric ratios and meristic data for holotype presented in Table 1. Standard length = 56.9 mm. Sex undetermined: specimen lacks anal fin
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||||
<normalizedToken id="DCDD6F652ADFD35EA9A26774358749DE" originalValue="“notch”">"notch"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
present in mature males, but may be juvenile. Body ovoid, 2.7 times longer than high and laterally compressed. Head length 3.3 times in standard length. Snout short (HL/SNL = 6.6) and round. Mouth small (HL/MW = 4.4), subterminal, opening under anterior half of eye. Teeth small and bicuspid, 13 in single row in upper jaw, 24 in single row in lower jaw. Nostrils closely set (distance between nostrils = 0.4 mm) with the posterior one very close to eye (distance between posterior nostril and eye = 0.1 mm). Dorsal and anal fins originating in posterior half of body (SL/PDD = 1.6 and SL/PAD = 1.8). Pre-dorsal distance slightly greater than pre-anal distance (PDD/PAD = 1.1). Dorsal fin with 23 branched rays. Anal fin with 34 branched rays. Pectoral fins with 9 rays. Pelvic fin with 6 rays. Distance between pelvic fin and anal fin = 10.1 mm. Distance between pectoral fin and anal fin = 16.4 mm. Scales cover body, except for head. Lateral line visible and complete with 34 pored scales along its length. Ten scales around caudal peduncle. Ten scales between anterior base of anal fin and lateral line. Caudal peduncle narrow (CPL/CPD = 1.6). Thick skin on head. Knollenorgans visible, clustered into two distinct rosettes, Nackenrosette and Kehlrosettes as described in
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<bibRefCitation id="89312340D99A11E1357097E61678D8B5" author="Harder, W" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer Zellforschung" pageId="15" pageNumber="58" pagination="212 - 224" title="Zum Aufbau der epidermalen Sinnesorgane der Mormyridae (Mormyriformes, Teleostei)." url="10.1007/BF00347294" volume="89" year="1968">Harder (1968)</bibRefCitation>
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. Knollenorgan pores in front of eye not highly condensed in the form of a discernable Augenrosette.
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</paragraph>
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||||
<caption id="148BB6515B0BB52DA76819457B38F01F" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
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||||
<paragraph id="7421E9A7265FC307881A785302FD72A1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
Table 1. Principal morphometric ratios and meristic counts for the holotype (CUMV 96774) of
|
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<taxonomicName id="BE30DAF888696C9E45E2C13B0EB50DD6" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. from Yangambi, the holotype (MRAC 15191) of
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<taxonomicName id="261C64F52BDD117B9EB399B60712F767" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus binotatus" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">Petrocephalus binotatus</taxonomicName>
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from Ikengo, the holotype (CUMV 88074) and the 17 paratypes (CUMV 88076, 88079, 88041, 87838, 88063, 87785, 88052, 88053, 92390, 87830, 88080, 88123, 88064, 88065, 88031 and 88032) of
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<taxonomicName id="1E58A85EDB4092A2C00208B294409337" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus arnegardi" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnegardi">Petrocephalus arnegardi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., all from Odzala-Kokua National Park, and two other specimens (BMNH 2013.8.29.34 and 2013.8.29.125) of
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<taxonomicName id="CC3C270BE2AD8DA5728B8C64B527A1D6" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus arnegardi" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnegardi">Petrocephalus arnegardi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. from Yangambi. Abbreviations: u = sex undetermined; m = sexually mature male; Min-Max = minimum-maximum; stdev = standard deviation.
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<normalizedToken id="FF6DE9B2E9B583BB189944FB621B6C1F" originalValue="“*”">"*"</normalizedToken>
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||||
indicates data from
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<bibRefCitation id="6E887066394D68DC736D565BE1C6BDF5" author="Pellegrin, J" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Zoologie Africaine" pageId="15" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 8" title="Description de Mormyrides nouveaux recoltes au Congo belge par le Dr. Schouteden." volume="12" year="1924">Pellegrin (1924)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0823D70B72094C82F52222EDBBCB89F5" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
<table id="849619458D40E7EF9CB609FB4A979803" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
<tr id="760602AE087D82D16B1E2E9540DAA4CD" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
<th id="A14C78B0DCE3E07AAE78E304942D981F" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A7FCF763017A5AFD925F0E89A01F1A99" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
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||||
sp. n.
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||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="5149D37D4D5EDF5E3ECAD48D1D778708" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7CAB806BDAFF11E26136D60AFF43C940" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus binotatus" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">Petrocephalus binotatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="3CF7CDA0E67334CDACBACA92CED3FDE0" colspan="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C6C2024237546BCD1EC42612B67E9ECF" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus arnegardi" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnegardi">Petrocephalus arnegardi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n.
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="AA7C2B22A5A8411138B6F908CF1AEE9F" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
<th id="C1B9E626301AD90DB5ABBE441CCD6B9F" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="2">Holotype (u) from Yangambi</th>
|
||||
<th id="1BE6BA69E50CF16BC5FCB2D55F85FA08" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="2">Holotype (m) from Ikengo</th>
|
||||
<th id="A881552843DB8E72E2E29221E7B1051E" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="2">Holotype (m) from Odzala</th>
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||||
<th id="1ECBC77CC5C76985B6EF63E2318AF88F" colspan="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Paratypes from Odzala</th>
|
||||
<th id="8439E3E5BCD928A747AF108220CB1167" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="2">Two non-types (u, m) from Yangambi</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="669258ABEDB8CC1C1585F8C2E1E2939A" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
<th id="1EC46414896FFF1A26B90DBAB594B11C" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="213FD1E696551EA72A1B4AD986C8D620" originalValue="Min–Max">Min-Max</normalizedToken>
|
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</th>
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||||
<th id="B16D3F6D6C2D388C32B8262E2C14AF95" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Mean (stdev)</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="22169DE4C5F7D8F1628F8E32948C19A1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
<td id="4E22DC3C924BB2475B8F0E23A62108AA" colspan="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Ratio of standard length (SL):</td>
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||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="A478BE5283BBA70A8933E5FDA760D453" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
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||||
<td id="4ED3D77148784D51DB2B79F7992CB47A" colspan="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Ratio of head length (HL):</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="A1D7FA844CD6C2F06CA5AD7A2A1522C8" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
<td id="E8CA4F1760C21FBCC9CB2973772708DB" colspan="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Ratio of caudal peduncle length (CPL):</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E20DE827E52632D7C86B0AE9DF320802" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
<td id="8143F9CE664E781D28DDB6F46D7B678D" colspan="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Meristic counts:</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="CC2A0AC1C8327296741BD104A0EB76AE" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
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Electric organ discharge (Fig. 2A). Short triphasic EOD waveform, first phase head-positive. Relative height of peak 1 = 0.241, relative height of peak 2 = -0.759, relative height of peak 3 = 0.053, duration of peak 1 = 0.137 msec, duration of peak 2 = 0.041 msec, duration of peak 3 = 0.079 msec, total EOD duration = 0.257 msec. Based on characteristics of the EOD, the electrocytes are assumed to have non-penetrating stalks and to be innervated posteriorly (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E733BE9E69C0D90BCC06907C94B06EF7" author="Sullivan, JP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Experimental Biology" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" pagination="665 - 683" title="Molecular systematics of the African electric fishes (Mormyroidea: Teleostei) and a model for the evolution of their electric organs." volume="203" year="2000">Sullivan et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="A6BE1612E41441A1A2E8F29ECF4A245D" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3A1841D44AA439958F2885D13D1B0FE0" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
Figure 2. A EOD waveform of the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C524656C1164F601B029CB381B5981BB" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. from Yangambi (CUMV 96774) B EOD waveform of the specimen JPS-511 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FDBDE6DCFDD90ABF596F6B98D886082B" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus arnegardi" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnegardi">Petrocephalus arnegardi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Yangambi (BMNH 2013.8.29.125). Waveform plotted with head-positivity upwards.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="21CB280CC822D454F8E4BC9E2F4D57CE" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Live coloration (Fig. 3). Body background color uniformly gray/silver with metallic reflection on the flanks and head. Light melanophores densely and evenly distributed on body, slightly larger on head. Three distinct black marks on each side of the body, one at the base of the pectoral fins, one at the base of the caudal fin and one subdorsal, below the first anterior rays of the dorsal fin. All fins hyaline.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DB08C71B50F881FB6D5E536B00DB428E" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E581C275919FECBE4257A181B3AD8A2B" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
Figure 3. Photographs of the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8DC11DC8AAC6A8A285D4D8F61BCC9B4D" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. from Yangambi, Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Top photograph, the holotype specimen (56.9 mm standard length) before preservation showing appearance in life (CUMV 96774); middle and bottom photographs represent the left and right sides of the preserved holotype. Scale bar equals one centimeter.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5BBCE4C7B768FCEB2D85950D31807E33" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Preserved coloration (Fig. 3). Background beige with dorsum slightly darker. Numerous light melanophores visible all over body. Thick skin on head and fins opaque. Three distinct melanin marks on side of body distinctly visible.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7F5FA8C54894B0704017040F1B7D89F4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D3E4D61FAF31D70637BC8F8A5176A74E" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8ECE7E7F78B10CFC52E13FD3DC333013" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
(Fig. 1). Holotype (and only specimen known) of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EF9F74EDC3BCCDB0C82257EFF80FB822" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. collected from the main channel of the Congo River, at Yangambi, Orientale Province, Democratic Republic of Congo.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="853FD8BE51CDD2321267E6BC9EF64CF6" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="phylogenetic affinities">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DE196C4C7AC4A4FFCA3E4A80BEC9F8CD" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="B7EB5489676BD7CFC163E3BF2142965E" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" start="start">Phylogenetic</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
affinities
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="044D1E6237EB8876558174694A464223" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
(Fig. 4).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="56E326F9FB4321DA2F20E862D1ADF63C" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. represents a deep lineage within the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9251C3B49C9E85FDE1D18453FD7C1DE3" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Petrocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
not closely related to any of the four described species exhibiting a similar pattern of markings:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E8D6C7182BB20E1D2284B7D9A1932D6E" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus zakoni" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zakoni">Petrocephalus zakoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85A13F8325030DE08916100389D78BF4" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus odzalaensis" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odzalaensis">Petrocephalus odzalaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="73DC8CB59F21C6A012170721F3BF5B75" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus balayi" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balayi">Petrocephalus balayi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9866292881DFF7C2D5BCAEF1DC69ECA0" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus arnegardi" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnegardi">Petrocephalus arnegardi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. However, it is worth noting that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D343C4452C707924A90F72152814EB2F" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus binotatus" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">Petrocephalus binotatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the fifth species with a potentially similar pigmentation, is not included in this tree and the phylogenetic position of this species is unresolved.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="9DC18A672F878C9E9E4669E4E8148FCB" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BA53B7B7005FD39A995C058D443A6493" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
Figure 4. Phylogeny of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CB18D2D3C9C215BC6DD2FF8CCCAF692D" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Petrocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(23 species, 52 specimens) estimated by maximum likelihood analysis of cytochrome b nucleotide sequences. Mormyrin
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E41E2C54BFF945A03AAEDE753945A36C" family="Mormyridae" genus="Gnathonemus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathonemus petersii" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersii">Gnathonemus petersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6E5A801F9CB970ADF9A57E17DB36698F" family="Mormyridae" genus="Mormyrops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mormyrops nigricans" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">Mormyrops nigricans</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F048D59127FF86FA76825DE94660F30F" family="Mormyridae" genus="Myomyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myomyrus macrops" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrops">Myomyrus macrops</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were used as outgroups to root the tree. Numbers at internal branches are bootstrap proportions (in %) shown only for interspecific relationships and when they exceed 50%. Black-filled vertical bars to the right of the tree indicate the river basin origins of the specimens. The scale bar corresponds to 0.04 substitutions per site.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="914EFB7BF2DF284623B6B1D4F6EEFD04" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6CCD3CF1A94DE30A812A724EF8788F1A" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus arnegardi" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnegardi">Petrocephalus arnegardi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. are highlighted in gray.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="09DE2BF19FD792970A36E8C6D3962E20" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8CD19EDB824DC94EDFD8756B46E60928" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="77593DBC486673E9A41A8B3F908AEE36" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
The name boboto is a word in Lingala, the language spoken at the type locality of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0C683C73D55722D83BAA1F854D161390" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n., meaning
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E79FF5DB51403E54A10B7215C4A2FE5E" originalValue="“peace,”">"peace,"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
alluding to the right of all people of D.R. Congo to live in peace and safety.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACC81EA2E757A6B46AA9097C30F20291" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="comparison">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C15EA2783C22ECC681B00F772134311E" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Comparison.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="082E2F4E0F67489C90019E3F70EA16AB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
The distinctive pattern of melanin markings of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59036519582C97BECFF767D047D7C9CC" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="36DAA9AC6A2DEC6942A2666877AB736A" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" start="start">Petrocephalus</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
boboto
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n., having three dark spots-one at the origin of the pectoral fin, a second at the origin of the caudal fin, and a third on the flank just below the anterior base of the dorsal fin-distinguishes this species from most of its congeners. Only five other species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C2F5D0D4E023AC69AF9700E744A7247C" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Petrocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
similarly possess three black marks in these locations:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E6AB3C41F40851017DFB4D8CE6B9DB5C" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus odzalaensis" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odzalaensis">Petrocephalus odzalaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C8E7104CAA4F34EB1BB8AFF9C80AC5B2" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus balayi" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balayi">Petrocephalus balayi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E45D5A8575071D66E7F04F96C6060BEB" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus zakoni" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zakoni">Petrocephalus zakoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5371472433FD6B5FD59D2343F9CDB34E" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus binotatus" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">Petrocephalus binotatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="26D4C23EB6CF21AA3B688F5CCD24639C" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus arnegardi" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnegardi">Petrocephalus arnegardi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. (the comparison with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DBD421DC25EB2D4F85B1D31960CF1D48" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus arnegardi" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnegardi">Petrocephalus arnegardi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. is provided under the description of this species).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4762B5DAF78D9CEDBFD3C23889692D46" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. can immediately be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8AC85AA655ACB42E298F8804E7A9EB67" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus zakoni" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zakoni">Petrocephalus zakoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the presence of two of the three electroreceptor rosettes on the head that are typical to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E7166BC819DA08544DB870A7E11C104F" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Petrocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(versus absence of all three in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8443B345C41912D44F0AF5D97E59AFFD" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus zakoni" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zakoni">Petrocephalus zakoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and a higher number of anal fin rays (33 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="810132D311A6E708603A8BDE739F25E4" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. versus a maximum of 28 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E045E3E218B5F7F69C39EBD6D8EF7F9F" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus zakoni" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zakoni">Petrocephalus zakoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2983CB7B0E241B2AB3A9D86756973332" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. can be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D0A1FEEB1A1C35A3248599B7CB312DE2" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus balayi" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balayi">Petrocephalus balayi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BA977650E0B13FD2F104ADBAB01788A3" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus odzalaensis" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odzalaensis">Petrocephalus odzalaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by its higher number of anal fin rays (33 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="73CAC9E9A3698DB80AA969D6C1496F13" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. versus a maximum of 27 and 20 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ED17374C20C28805E6898AD7ADCA0615" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus balayi" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balayi">Petrocephalus balayi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D4968B5D96A34361EFC6F03FD56F5EF1" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus odzalaensis" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odzalaensis">Petrocephalus odzalaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, respectively).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DF0CCE2B8CC9A2B2CD3DFFE05920C416" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus balayi" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balayi">Petrocephalus balayi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also has a proportionally larger mouth (HL/MW = 2.7-3.9, mean = 3.3 versus 4.4 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9711CD954C24F18EAF696ED00292EC66" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n.).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="86F3E3C8282423AB1B766CB3C872E21D" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus odzalaensis" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odzalaensis">Petrocephalus odzalaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a proportionally wider head (HL/IOW = 2.5-3.0, mean = 2.8 and HL/HW = 1.7-1.8, mean = 1.7 versus 3.7 and 2.7 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D240968FFF062671E8926E4FF402AA45" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n., respectively) and its body background color is more pinkish rather than gray/silver in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="940CEC779605F19C646414842D30F9C5" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="96ED94C9B68C43F3D3C3EC85F21A84FF" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. is distinguished from the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BA03F593158390DC49C06783F0CB706" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus binotatus" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">Petrocephalus binotatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by a smaller mouth (SL/MW = 14.2 and HL/MW = 4.4 versus 11.6 and 3.2, respectively, in the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A372C1232C8B2533E6099F586BEBDD62" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus binotatus" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">Petrocephalus binotatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), a smaller eye (HL/ED = 4.4 versus 3.6 in the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="734DE2C061B664525BA35B3C841F156F" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus binotatus" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">Petrocephalus binotatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), and a smaller interorbital distance (HL/IOW = 3.7 versus 2.3 in the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C484F5B230D508FDC103CCE59DE4884C" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus binotatus" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">Petrocephalus binotatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="184F8D7FAD45988C527747A4F618C260" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
The holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="62F9F9A109A24146EFEE389AD57D336E" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. is smaller than the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="83CA5D4C07A937A2EF17844084662445" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus binotatus" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">Petrocephalus binotatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The differences between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BE97820550FD27A1F1B0A550D1E4AEFE" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0C16C214DDECE737351189F8F35D86D0" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus binotatus" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">Petrocephalus binotatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are unlikely to be the result of growth allometry since allometric differences have only been observed with respect to the number of teeth in some species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="55D9A7BCCF27D6C30FE16C66C1A09C77" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Petrocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F3061E595F679CA8930923A89865EC30" author="Bigorne, R" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters" pageId="14" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 30" title="Note sur la systematique des Petrocephalus (Teleostei, Mormyridae) d'Afrique de l'Ouest." volume="2" year="1991">Bigorne and Paugy 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), a character that does not differentiate these two species. Although we are confident of the specific distinction between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FABD5243D20B28F082D4A9DA5D43024D" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus boboto" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boboto">Petrocephalus boboto</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="41359C8B83AD2E061D44D4B573210351" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petrocephalus binotatus" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">Petrocephalus binotatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, more specimens are needed to better characterize the morphological, molecular and electrophysiological differences between them.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
116
data/6E/41/25/6E4125E56F42B3AB6F0DF8CACB277D89.xml
Normal file
116
data/6E/41/25/6E4125E56F42B3AB6F0DF8CACB277D89.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
|
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|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Breure, Abraham S. H.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">bbreure@xs4all.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Ablett, Jonathan D.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, Division of Higher Invertebrates, London, SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
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|
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<mods:part>
|
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|
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|
||||
<mods:number>2014-03-21</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>392</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||||
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|
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||||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152051938" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E4125E56F42B3AB6F0DF8CACB277D89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E4125E56F42B3AB6F0DF8CACB277D89" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="6E4125E5-6F42-B3AB-6F0D-F8CACB277D89" authority="Pfeiffer, 1858" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1858" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bulimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bulimus platystomus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="platystomus">Bulimus platystomus Pfeiffer, 1858</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 57" captionStartId="F57" captionText="Figure 57. Neopetraeus species. A-F Neopetraeus lobbii (Reeve, 1849) A-C lectotype NHMUK 1975431 (H = 44.3) D-F lectotype of Bulimus ptychostylus Pfeiffer, 1858 NHMUK 1975430 (H = 46.7) G-I Neopetraeus decussatus (Reeve, 1849), lectotype of Bulimus myristicus Reeve, 1849 NHMUK 1975433 (H = 40.3) J-L Neopetraeus platystomus (Pfeiffer, 1858), lectotype NHMUK 1975428 (H = 34.4). All enlarged." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/26729" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Figs 57J-L</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure L46" captionStartId="F46L" captionText="Figure L 46. Labels. i Bulimus pessulatus Reeve, 1848 ii Bulimus petiti Pfeiffer, 1846 iii Bulimus philippii Pfeiffer, 1842 iv Bulimulus (Naesiotus) ustulatus var. phlegonis Dall & Ochsner, 1928 v Bulimus phryne Pfeiffer, 1863 vi Bulimus pictus Pfeiffer, 1855 vii Buliminus pilosus Guppy, 1871 viii Bulimus platystomus Pfeiffer, 1858." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/26813" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">, L46viii</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1858" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bulimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="platystomus">Bulimus platystomus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Pfeiffer, L" journalOrPublisher="Malakozoologische Blaetter" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" pagination="256 - 258" refId="B130" refString="Pfeiffer, L, 1858a. Descriptions of ten new species of Bulimus, from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.: 256 - 258" title="Descriptions of ten new species of Bulimus, from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq." volumeTitle="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London." year="1858 a">Pfeiffer 1858a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 256, pl. 42 fig. 2;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Breure, ASH" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" pagination="1 - 215" refId="B15" refString="Breure, ASH, 1979. Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden 168: 1 - 215" title="Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca)." volume="168" year="1979">Breure 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 101.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="L.Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Neopetraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="platystomus">Neopetraeus platystomus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Breure, ASH" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" pagination="1 - 255" refId="B14" refString="Breure, ASH, 1978. Notes on and descriptions of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden 164: 1 - 255" title="Notes on and descriptions of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda)." volume="164" year="1978">Breure 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 217, pl. 8 figs 5-6 (lectotype designation).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
||||
"Province of Patas, Andes of Peru (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Dr. Farris</emphasis>
|
||||
)".
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="label">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Label.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
||||
"Province of Patas, / Andes of Peru / Dr. Farris", taxon label in
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pfeiffer’s">Pfeiffer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
handwriting. M.C. label style IV.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="dimensions">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Dimensions.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">"Long. 40, diam. 18 mill."; figured specimen herein H 34.4, D 22.0, W 5+.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">NHMUK 1975428, lectotype; 1975429, two paralectotypes (Cuming coll.).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
||||
The measurements given originally by Pfeiffer seem to be erroneous. The type status of this lot is not disputed herein, and the specimen selected as lectotype corresponds to
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pfeiffer’s">Pfeiffer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
figure. The top of the lectotype is damaged.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="current systematic position">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Current systematic position.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tryon" authorityYear="1867" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Pulmonata" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Bulimulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="L.Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Neopetraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="platystomus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Neopetraeus platystomus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Pfeiffer, 1858).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
171
data/6E/41/87/6E4187BDFFFCF05AFF00FA7BFC35FE63.xml
Normal file
171
data/6E/41/87/6E4187BDFFFCF05AFF00FA7BFC35FE63.xml
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|
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<mods:identifier id="B57166D51AD85A324ABCDC22839735D7" type="GBIF-Dataset">5828a520-1f47-4e2f-88aa-a35c55b20456</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="5617DED6A8A04F518F319F8403807243" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="EA4BB40D7141E470D103358D3CA9BFBA" type="Zenodo-Dep">2584504</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="E08167A7BF1CF0218C2668E0D39FEC56" type="ZooBank">4FCC9E94-D560-4175-9DA9-095082C84025</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="6E4187BDFFFCF05AFF00FA7BFC35FE63" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5942325" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152622079" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5942325" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E4187BDFFFCF05AFF00FA7BFC35FE63" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E4187BDFFFCF05AFF00FA7BFC35FE63" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="598" pageId="0" pageNumber="595">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AEF26520FFFCF059FF00FA7BFD09F9DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E65736ABFFFCF059FF00FA7BFDF5FA27" blockId="0.[151,547,1457,1484]" box="[151,547,1457,1484]" pageId="0" pageNumber="595">
|
||||
<heading id="BD1F81C7FFFCF059FF00FA7BFDF5FA27" bold="true" box="[151,547,1457,1484]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" reason="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D49CEAB9FFFCF059FF00FA7BFDF5FA27" bold="true" box="[151,547,1457,1484]" pageId="0" pageNumber="595">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="21E84D28FFFCF059FF00FA7BFE69FA20" ID-CoL="8PXST" authority="Ji & Zhi & Li, 2019" authorityName="Ji & Zhi & Li" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,447,1457,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Confusacris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shanxiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D49CEAB9FFFCF059FF00FA7BFE69FA20" bold="true" box="[151,447,1457,1483]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="595">Confusacris shanxiensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFAF57C2FFFCF059FE52FA78FDF5FA27" box="[453,547,1458,1484]" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E65736ABFFFCF059FF00FA33FD09F9DE" blockId="0.[151,1437,1528,2022]" pageId="0" pageNumber="595">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D49CEAB9FFFCF059FF00FA33FECEF9FA" bold="true" box="[151,280,1529,1553]" pageId="0" pageNumber="595">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="39538809FFFCF059FF00FA33FEC5F9FA" box="[151,275,1529,1553]" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" type="holotype">Holotypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
:
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<specimenCount id="F0EEFD22FFFCF059FEB6FA33FEEEF9FB" box="[289,312,1529,1552]" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<typeStatus id="39538809FFFCF059FED0FA33FE64F9FA" box="[327,434,1529,1553]" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="56803CF6FFFCF059FE2CFA33FD09F9DE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2004966182" collectingDate="2011-07-08" collectorName="Wang Peng-Xiang & Zhi Yong-Chao." country="China" elevation="1200" latitude="44.183334" location="Luyashan" longLatPrecision="1138" longitude="80.9" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" specimenCount="24" specimenCount-female="12" specimenCount-male="12" stateProvince="Shanxi" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="F0EEFD22FFFCF059FE2CFA33FE2EF9FB" box="[443,504,1529,1553]" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" type="male">12 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="F0EEFD22FFFCF059FD91FA33FDEFF9FA" box="[518,569,1529,1553]" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" type="female">12♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="9EFF763BFFFCF059FDD0FA32FD5BF9FA" box="[583,653,1528,1553]" name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="595">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="242CF849FFFCF059FD0CFA32FD3AF9FA" box="[667,748,1528,1553]" country="China" name="Shanxi" pageId="0" pageNumber="595">Shanxi</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="E3376070FFFCF059FD6EFA32FCBFF9FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E4187BDFFFCF05AFF00FA7BFC35FE63:E3376070FFFCF059FD6EFA32FCBFF9FA" box="[761,873,1528,1553]" country="China" latitude="44.183334" longLatPrecision="1138" longitude="80.9" name="Luyashan" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" stateProvince="Shanxi">Luyashan</location>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="83DC506CFFFCF059FCE8FA33FC37F9FA" box="[895,993,1529,1553]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" precision="925" value="44.183334">44°11’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="83DC506CFFFCF059FC67FA32FB86F9FA" box="[1008,1104,1528,1553]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" precision="925" value="80.9">80°54’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<quantity id="21109B4EFFFCF059FBF0FA33FAC2F9FB" box="[1127,1300,1529,1553]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" unit="m" value="1200.0" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="1000.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="6DC5D198FFFCF059FBF0FA33FAC2F9FB" box="[1127,1300,1529,1553]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" unit="m" value="1200.0" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="1000.0">1,000–1,400 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingDate id="8212E983FFFCF059FAB5FA33FA4AF9FA" box="[1314,1436,1529,1553]" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" value="2011-07-08">
|
||||
<date id="9256106BFFFCF059FAB5FA33FA4AF9FA" box="[1314,1436,1529,1553]" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" value="2011-07-08">8.VII.2011</date>
|
||||
</collectingDate>
|
||||
collected by
|
||||
<collectorName id="4B1D537DFFFCF059FEB1F9D4FE22F9DE" box="[294,500,1564,1590]" pageId="0" pageNumber="595">Wang Peng-Xiang</collectorName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectorName id="4B1D537DFFFCF059FDBDF9D6FD09F9DE" box="[554,735,1564,1589]" pageId="0" pageNumber="595">Zhi Yong-Chao.</collectorName>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AEF26520FFFCF05AFF50F98AFD63FEF7" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="598" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E65736ABFFFCF058FF50F98AFB29FEAB" blockId="0.[151,1437,1528,2022]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="596" pageId="0" pageNumber="595">
|
||||
Male (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7ED32A2EFFFCF059FE87F98AFEAAF9B2" box="[272,380,1600,1625]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–9" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[221,1371,425,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[150,1436,373,1835]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–9. Confusacris shanxiensis sp. nov. 1. Body lateral view ♂; 2. End of abdomen dorsal view ♂; 3. Mesosternum ♂; 4. Epiphallus; 5. Body lateral view ♀; 6. Hind tarsus; 7. Antennae ♀; 8. Mesosternum ♀; 9. End of abdomen lateral view ♀." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2584506/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="595">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Body small. Head slightly shorter than pronotum. Frons oblique in profile, frontal ridge with longitudinal groove; lateral margins of frontal ridge nearly parallel before median ocellus and gradually widened toward clypeus. Apex of vertex rounded and blunt with distinct median carina. Fastigial foveolae absent. Antennae ensiform, longer than head and pronotum together, middle segments about 1.8 times as long as wide. Eyes oval, longitudinal diameter about 1.5 times as its horizontal diameter and 1.4 times as long as subocular furrow. Pronotum tectiform, anterior margin straight, posterior margin curved. Median carina and lateral carinae of pronotum distinct, lateral carinae thicker and curved slightly; posterior transverse sulcus situated behind the middle part of pronotum, length of prozona 1.5 times as long as metazona; anterior transverse and median transverse sulci faint in dorsal view, posterior transverse sulcus distinct. Length of mesosternal interspace 1.5 times its minimum width; metasternum lobes separated. Tegmen short, reaching to 2/3 of hind femur; apex of tegmen concave medially; maximum width of cubital vein area 1.5 times median vien area. Basal part of femoral stridulatory file forms double lines, teeth cone-bulging, apex rounded shaped. Apex of lower kneelobe rounded. Hind tibia with 12 spines on outer side and 11 spines on inner side, without outer apical spine, first segment of hind tarsus distinctly longer than third segment. Arolium wide, slightly surpassing apex of claws. Tympanal organ present, oblong, oval. Epiproct triangular, basal part with median longitudinal groove. Furculae large. Cercus long, conical, apex almost reaching to apex of epiproct. Subgenital plate short conical, slightly narrowed toward apex. Epiphallus bridgeshaped; anchorae flexed, pointed; inner lophi small, rounded; without acute projection on both sides.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="B2976623FFFDF058FF00F88AFA40F89E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2584506/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="596" startId="1.[151,264,1856,1879]" targetBox="[221,1371,425,1783]" targetPageId="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E65736ABFFFDF058FF00F88AFA40F89E" blockId="1.[151,1436,1856,1910]" pageId="1" pageNumber="596">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D49CEAB9FFFDF058FF00F88AFEEDF8BD" bold="true" box="[151,315,1856,1879]" pageId="1" pageNumber="596">FIGURES 1–9.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="21E84D28FFFDF058FED5F88BFDEEF8BD" authority="Ji & Zhi & Li, 2019" authorityName="Ji & Zhi & Li" authorityYear="2019" box="[322,568,1857,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Confusacris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="596" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shanxiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D49CEAB9FFFDF058FED5F88BFDEEF8BD" box="[322,568,1857,1878]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="596">Confusacris shanxiensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D49CEAB9FFFDF058FDA8F88BFD46F8BD" bold="true" box="[575,656,1857,1878]" pageId="1" pageNumber="596">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFAF57C2FFFDF058FDA8F88BFD46F8BD" box="[575,656,1857,1878]" pageId="1" pageNumber="596" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
1. Body lateral view ♂; 2. End of abdomen dorsal view ♂; 3. Mesosternum ♂; 4. Epiphallus; 5. Body lateral view ♀; 6. Hind tarsus; 7. Antennae ♀; 8. Mesosternum ♀; 9. End of abdomen lateral view ♀.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E65736ABFFFEF05BFF50F971FCC3F824" blockId="2.[151,1437,1723,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="597">
|
||||
Female (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7ED32A2EFFFEF05BFEB9F971FE74F93F" box="[302,418,1723,1748]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–9" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[221,1371,425,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[150,1436,373,1835]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–9. Confusacris shanxiensis sp. nov. 1. Body lateral view ♂; 2. End of abdomen dorsal view ♂; 3. Mesosternum ♂; 4. Epiphallus; 5. Body lateral view ♀; 6. Hind tarsus; 7. Antennae ♀; 8. Mesosternum ♀; 9. End of abdomen lateral view ♀." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2584506/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="597">Figs. 5–9</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Body more robust than that of male, medium size. Antennae sharply ensiform, not reaching posterior margin of pronotum, basal segment distinctly widened, middle segments about 1.1 times as long as wide. Eyes small, longitudinal diameter slightly shorter than subocular furrow. Prozona of pronotum about 1.9 times longer than metazona. Length of interspace of mesostermum 1.6 times minimum width. Tegmen squamiform, widely separated in dorsal view, apex slightly extending beyond first abdominal tergum. Abdominal terga with median longitudinal carina. Cercus short, twice as long as wide, extending not to apex of epiproct. Ovipositor valves slender, outer margins of dorsal valves and ventral valves with fine denticles. Posterior margin of subgenital plate with angularly projection in middle part.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E65736ABFFFEF05AFF50F816FC99FF3E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1723,2036]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="598" pageId="2" pageNumber="597">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D49CEAB9FFFEF05BFF50F816FE94F81F" box="[199,322,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="597">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||||
. Body yellowish brown. Antennae yellowish brown. Vertex with dark stripe running from eyes to joint between vertex to pronotum. Tegmen dark brown, anterior margin with white stripe. Hind femur dark brown on outer side, genicular lobe yellow brown. Hind tibia yellow.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E65736ABFFFFF05AFF50FF2AFD63FEF7" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="598">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D49CEAB9FFFFF05AFF50FF2AFEBDFF13" bold="true" box="[199,363,224,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="598">Measurement</emphasis>
|
||||
(in mm). Length of body:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="F0EEFD22FFFFF05AFD34FF2AFD61FF13" box="[675,695,224,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="598" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
16.7–18.8;
|
||||
<specimenCount id="F0EEFD22FFFFF05AFCAEFF2AFC91FF13" box="[825,839,224,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="598" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
25.9–26.3. Length of tegmina:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="F0EEFD22FFFFF05AFB25FF2AFB10FF13" box="[1202,1222,224,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="598" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
8.3–9.6;
|
||||
<specimenCount id="F0EEFD22FFFFF05AFABBFF2AFAECFF13" box="[1324,1338,224,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="598" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
2.9–3.6. Length of hind femur:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="F0EEFD22FFFFF05AFE01FECEFE7CFEF7" box="[406,426,260,284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="598" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
10.2–10.3;
|
||||
<specimenCount id="F0EEFD22FFFFF05AFDBDFECEFDEEFEF7" box="[554,568,260,284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="598" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
11.5–12.1.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AEF26520FFFFF05AFF50FEEDFE87FE8F" pageId="3" pageNumber="598" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E65736ABFFFFF05AFF50FEEDFE87FE8F" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="598">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D49CEAB9FFFFF05AFF50FEEDFE97FEAB" bold="true" box="[199,321,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="598">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||||
The new species is similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="21E84D28FFFFF05AFD01FEE2FBB8FEAB" authority="Yin & Li, 1987" authorityName="Yin & Li, 1987 Yin & Li" authorityYear="1987" box="[662,1134,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Confusacris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="598" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachypterus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D49CEAB9FFFFF05AFD01FEE2FC6FFEAB" box="[662,953,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="598">Confusacris brachypterus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="82794B5AFFFFF05AFC57FEEDFBB8FEAB" author="Yin, X. C. & Li, B. P." box="[960,1134,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="598" pagination="77 - 85" refId="ref2854" refString="Yin, X. C. & Li, B. P. (1987) Two new genera and two new species of Acrididae from China. Zoological Research, 8 (1), 77 - 85." type="journal article" year="1987">Yin & Li, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, The major differences are listed in
|
||||
<tableCitation id="AB6A0310FFFFF05AFF60FE86FE9DFE8F" box="[247,331,332,357]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,433,456]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of Confusacris shanxiensis sp. nov. and Confusacris brachypterus Yin & Li, 1987." pageId="3" pageNumber="598">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AEF26520FFFFF05AFF50FEBAFC35FE63" box="[199,995,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="598" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E65736ABFFFFF05AFF50FEBAFC35FE63" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,392]" box="[199,995,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="598">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D49CEAB9FFFFF05AFF50FEBAFE9EFE63" bold="true" box="[199,328,368,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="598">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||||
: The specific epithet is named for
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="242CF849FFFFF05AFD5AFEA5FCC8FE63" box="[717,798,367,392]" country="China" name="Shanxi" pageId="3" pageNumber="598">Shanxi</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="39538809FFFFF05AFCC5FEBAFC54FE63" box="[850,898,368,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="598">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
84
data/6E/41/D7/6E41D7CE5A96F16396A89FC3A43AAC24.xml
Normal file
84
data/6E/41/D7/6E41D7CE5A96F16396A89FC3A43AAC24.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
|
|||
<document id="05B475928DB5F0E716D772C3CC32A4C6" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8013" ID-PMC="PMC4910507" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--8013" ID-PubMed="27346954" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e8013" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea" checkinTime="1553126186093" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dale-Skey, Natalie, Askew, Richard R., Noyes, John S., Livermore, Laurence & Broad, Gavin R." docDate="2016" docId="6E41D7CE5A96F16396A89FC3A43AAC24" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e8013" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8013" docTitle="Spalangia nigra Latreille 1805" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="8013" masterDocId="FF97FFC8521CFFF7FFB6FF94962EFFD0" masterDocTitle="Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea" masterLastPageNumber="8013" masterPageNumber="8013" pageNumber="8013" updateTime="1668123632585" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="47E83C845EE6EDE05CAD27F1116D6B3B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="BABBD8E5AB141DD898B31ECCEAAAE57E">
|
||||
<mods:title id="4D38D4B448CC1DDE970B9518EE1799EB">Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="ADC1564414278C753B22D184C0249899" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="9D9DF9E923EFD162ADA74F99E1F08784">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="AFDBDE714F797554B4C58AC2B4E3D5D6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="CBC3910A78FCD26A9882EE3859E72D60">Dale-Skey, Natalie</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="D846A99DFF7644E5966297EFB5E53BB5" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="6B4354C05259E96B70988CCBB074F679">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="3474BCB5E0A664BD166CB4BAB4DC90D2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="21603F2E841D26CBBCAF757798E77214">Askew, Richard R.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="E4B5A1BB18A91974FE510B195013A017" type="personal">
|
||||
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<mods:title id="2B0AA68CD73948BC2A03377966B9720A">Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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<treatment id="6E41D7CE5A96F16396A89FC3A43AAC24" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E41D7CE5A96F16396A89FC3A43AAC24" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E41D7CE5A96F16396A89FC3A43AAC24" lastPageNumber="8013" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
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|
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<paragraph id="28567EF4EE678F44CB68DE8620A9926A" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
|
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<taxonomicName id="89650ED69BB8E9DF431D378728D393DF" ID-CoL="4YDX8" ID-ENA="307893" authority="Latreille, 1805" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1805" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Spalangia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spalangia nigra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">Spalangia nigra Latreille, 1805</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="E051A8CACCDEFCC5E7E21DA3A2FF6697" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" type="reference_group">
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="962B5EC95B8F44A584615132AC73E063" genus="Chalcidoidea" lsidName="Chalcidoidea hirta" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" rank="species" species="hirta">hirta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Haliday, 1833
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="97555CEEB528338723FAC3445677BD7A" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E739A9AEBC94D76233B90C811F4FB5D4" genus="Chalcidoidea" lsidName="Chalcidoidea rugosicollis" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" rank="species" species="rugosicollis">rugosicollis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Ashmead, 1894
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E3D8B5C24820098B01E2D21D13B5FD8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4BBB7F05EBFDC157F26FDBA1220C6709" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="755EE70D01E49687B391852D2606238D" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">England</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="4F01395D903952EA1798B15180F6E5DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" type="notes">
|
||||
<paragraph id="55165DE0FC3819DCD029A2A047A48A78" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">Notes</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6C5B987A735249DCFDA7FAA12B96943F" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">See Fig. 25 for habitus</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
|
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</document>
|
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134
data/6E/41/F5/6E41F503F2A990A36879DEF46F5CE75D.xml
Normal file
134
data/6E/41/F5/6E41F503F2A990A36879DEF46F5CE75D.xml
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<treatment id="6E41F503F2A990A36879DEF46F5CE75D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11334282" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231539501" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11334282" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E41F503F2A990A36879DEF46F5CE75D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E41F503F2A990A36879DEF46F5CE75D" lastPageNumber="1241" pageNumber="1241" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13001165">
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<subSubSection id="63415F6A91883A234795BBD6D00B85DB" pageNumber="1241" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="7B9EEBFFE5DA95A83D39267803B06FB1" ID-CoL="63QCQ" authority="Wagner 1841" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rhombomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1241" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="FCBE2F9A1D36C29FC1F818BA22B3C065" italics="true" pageNumber="1241">Rhombomys</emphasis>
|
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Wagner 1841
|
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</taxonomicName>
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<treatmentCitation id="C33CDA02E0DAB8F3504182C2CD1D7F4D" author="Wagner" authority="Wagner 1841" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rhombomys" issue="52" journal="Gelehrte. Anz. I. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Munchen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="421" pageNumber="1241" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" title="Rhombomys" volume="12" year="1841">
|
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<taxonomicName id="A977DC8DA05C7B58D0541FFAAA84DAB9" ID-CoL="63QCQ" authority="Wagner 1841" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rhombomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1241" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="D5491F48CA668B90D5EE4A388F2F199A" italics="true" pageNumber="1241">Rhombomys</emphasis>
|
||||
Wagner 1841
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibCitation id="BAB8EB2D8881F0C42895037D4A9C6C09" author="Wagner" issue="52" journal="Gelehrte. Anz. I. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Munchen" pageNumber="1241" pagination="421" title="Rhombomys" volume="12" year="1841">Gelehrte. Anz. I. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Munchen, 12 (52): 421</bibCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CC639E3967C356151525C122C74F13D0" pageNumber="1241" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE3826471AE6BE3732341863F694AE1B" pageNumber="1241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A6695E518F2547270FB6D492AA54F1E9" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1241">Type Species:</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="04F9763C15E25D2FE54D04DC88D68D52" authority="Wagner 1841" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rhombomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9C4943F9DFA8C2091B3B2BEC69EC8D34" italics="true" pageNumber="1241">Rhombomys pallidus</emphasis>
|
||||
Wagner 1841
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BD95882FD3155D89F8897A4AD0B8583F" pageNumber="1241" type="synonym_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FA32E5279153A3713C2FA9E8299C0090" pageNumber="1241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ADAB96582001A7FA2A94EED00292AD24" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1241">Synonyms:</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2D68C5D5AF116FE4E5D3D3DAA4E27894" authority="Lataste 1882" authorityName="Lataste" authorityYear="1882" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Amphiaulacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1241" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2D7CD8577847B9FD8125ADC8569F9723" italics="true" pageNumber="1241">Amphiaulacomys</emphasis>
|
||||
Lataste 1882
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B53F945C27504E6B621CB2544B7160C5" authority="Fokanov 1964" authorityName="Fokanov" authorityYear="1964" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliorhombomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1241" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="64F8B1FD425F34CC647310A3732FB1C9" italics="true" pageNumber="1241">Pliorhombomys</emphasis>
|
||||
Fokanov 1964
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BF1B7C0FEE0F9410FAB4B70EB18D9479" authority="Fokanov 1976" authorityName="Fokanov" authorityYear="1976" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliorhombomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1241" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A66ADD06D69569D86A96BE7E4591EB4E" italics="true" pageNumber="1241">Pliorhombomys</emphasis>
|
||||
Fokanov 1976
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F047DA6498FF85F4C4AD9DB4425F2B4E" pageNumber="1241" type="child_taxa">
|
||||
<paragraph id="53FD95A0F9A4D292030BD9AC69CF9971" pageNumber="1241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2EA87A2FC23C17F4924EC4678308C587" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1241">Species and subspecies:</emphasis>
|
||||
1 species:
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="788C32E48645574F45BAE4764B9ABAAA" pageNumber="1241">
|
||||
Species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3E148260BD9A998A9F568175F0B7A170" authority="(Lichtenstein 1823)" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rhombomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opimus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6CB01042C6975241CE7C920D915620A6" italics="true" pageNumber="1241">Rhombomys opimus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Lichtenstein 1823)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1EC5DFE0B9C3636AB46072BEB5F0959D" pageNumber="1241" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2115ECE73E6C7B7BCE2FF8B0A2478123" pageNumber="1241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BB9CE81EA5BD7EDE4BCA1922DE0BAE0B" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1241">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||||
Tribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E8F7469C65502ADB8A6E131D1CB45E6D" authorityName="Pavlinov" authorityYear="1982" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Gerbillini">Gerbillini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Subtribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9137A1A82C6D804E61CA63F42F1332A9" authorityName="Pavlinov, Dubrovskii, Rossollimo, and Potapova" authorityYear="1990" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Rhombomyina">Rhombomyina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Reviewed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D5A7E1B72030C7C974AB482D12A2D7F3" author="Corbet, G. B." refId="ref67548" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp." year="1978">
|
||||
Corbet (1978
|
||||
<emphasis id="E713260AE77F2B15BA3FDA0558ECAA1B" italics="true" pageNumber="1241">c</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The inclusion of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5365B51E11C6BEDBADE801617CDB3B46" authorityName="Fokanov" authorityYear="1976" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliorhombomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5051A61542DF2F21B7C453CC435CE30" italics="true" pageNumber="1241">Pliorhombomys</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="00248A8C53AC0D3C77FC5418411B309A" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rhombomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D08B713E208B9E5843C4F6AB326D563F" italics="true" pageNumber="1241">Rhombomys</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was documented by Pavlinov (1992
|
||||
<emphasis id="12F6641D436396814B5A97B81DC0C7D1" italics="true" pageNumber="1241">b</emphasis>
|
||||
). Fossils indicate an evolutionary history extending to late Pliocene in Asia (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BE1B1F9366E00A87EF1307AA06608249" author="McKenna, M. C. & S. K. Bell" refId="ref233772" refString="McKenna, M. C., and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of mammals above the species level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp." year="1997">McKenna and Bell, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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