diff --git a/data/03/A9/48/03A9483CFF881B11FF4473A6FBCAF9C1.xml b/data/03/A9/48/03A9483CFF881B11FF4473A6FBCAF9C1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..457e5075058 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A9/48/03A9483CFF881B11FF4473A6FBCAF9C1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,491 @@ + + + +Diplophyllum purpurascens (Scapaniaceae, Marchantiophyta) - a new species from Sino-Himalaya (China) + + + +Author + +Bakalin, Vadim +0000-0001-7897-4305 +Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makovskogo Street, 142, Vladivostok, 690024, Russia. +vabakalin@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Vilnet, Anna +0000-0001-7779-2593 +Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fersmana Street, 18 A, Apatity, Murmansk Province, 184209, Russia. +anya_v@list.ru + + + +Author + +Klimova, Ksenia +0000-0002-3229-1880 +Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makovskogo Street, 142, Vladivostok, 690024, Russia. +ksenia.g.klimova@mail.ru + + + +Author + +Ma, Wen Zhang +0000-0003-3144-001X +Herbarium, Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China. +mawenzhang@mail.kib.ac.cn + + + +Author + +Nguyen, Van Sinh +0000-0003-4594-2926 +Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makovskogo Street, 142, Vladivostok, 690024, Russia. & Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam. & Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makovskogo Street, 142, Vladivostok, 690024, Russia. & Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makovskogo Street, 142, Vladivostok, 690024, Russia. +nvsinh@gmail.com + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2020 + +2020-06-08 + + +447 + + +2 + + +116 +126 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.447.2.4 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.447.2.4 +1179-3163 +13877668 + + + + + +Diplophyllum purpurascens +Bakalin et Vilnet + + +sp. nov. + + + + + +Description: Plants erect, in loose patches, merely rigid, rusty colored to green brown, commonly with purplish or pinkish apices bearing ill-defined purple masses of gemmae, +0.7–1.5 mm +wide and 0.8–2.0 cm long. Stem sparsely laterally (lateral intercalary) branched, brownish to greenish, ventrally brownish to brown and purple-brown, well developed, 150–180 μm in diameter, nearly orbicular in cross section, external wall strongly thickened (to 3 μm thick), outer surface papillose, the outer layer of cells with unequally thickened walls, with moderate in size, concave trigones, 10–12 μm in diameter, inward cell walls become thin, with small to vestigial, concave trigones, 7–12 μm in diameter in dorsal half of the cross section and 5–9 μm wide in ventral half of the section, were densely infected by fungal hyphae. Rhizoids sparse to more or less numerous, their density varying from shoot to shoot, commonly spreading from the stem at right angles near apex and then forming distinct mat on the ventral side of the shoot towards the posterior end of the plant, colorless to light grayish, rarely purplish in basal part, if the stem ventral side is purple-brown in color. Leaves contiguous, rarely somewhat distant, turned dorsally, distinctly sheathing the stem near base, obliquely spreading and keeled above; dorsal lobe narrowly obliquely ovate, its axis ca. 25–30° with the stem axis, 0.4–0.8 × +0.18–0.25 mm +, always with narrowly acute apex and roughly and irregularly dentate along outer (dorsal) lobe margin; leaf keel commonly arched, with 20–30° with axis in its lower third to 60–70° with stem axis in its upper third (average is near 45°), not winged, absent in the leaf base (where leaf is sheathing the stem), ca. 1/3 of dorsal lobe length; ventral lobe curved, its axis in 15–20° with stem axis near the leaf base to 90–110° with stem axis in its upper third, lanceolate, 0.6–0.95 × +0.25–0.36 mm +, apex always acute, toothed in apical part and outer (the ventral most) side, the inner side not or infrequently toothed, the upper part of ventral margin only weakly toothed, largest and prominent teeth near base. Cells in middle part of outer margin of ventral lobe with thickened walls commonly elongate in direction perpendicular to margin, 5–7 μm along margin, strongly thickened, trigones small, in diameter less than 1/4 of the cell lumen, concave; cells in the middle part of leaf ventral lobe oblong, 4–6-angled, 10–23 × 7–13 μm, thin-walled, with small to moderate in size, concave trigones, with trigone diameter varying from 1/5 to 1/3 of cell lumen; surface papillose in the middle part of leaf ventral lobe, papillae difficult to observe, oblong, 6–10(–14) × 2–4 μm. Gemmae 10–12 μm in diameter, 4–6-angled distinctly thickened, unicellular, greenish to pinkish and purplish. Otherwise unknown ( +Fig. 2 +, +3 +). + + + + + +Holotype +:— +China +. +Yunnan Province +: +Dali Prefecture +, +Jianchuan County +, +Yang-Cen Xiang +, ridgeline of one of the spurs of the Lao-Jun-Shan Range ( +26°35’41.8”N +99°45’51.6”E +), + +3380 m +a.s.l. + +, broadleaved (evergreen and deciduous) forest along ridge, with some rocky outcrops. Leg. +V.A. Bakalin +& +W.Z. Ma + +11 October 2018 + +, С-73-29-18 ( +VBGI +, + + +isotypes +– +KPABG +, + + +KUN +). + + + + + +FIGURE 3. + +Diplophyllum purpurascens +Bakalin & Vilnet + +: A—gemmae lying on leaf apical part, dorsal view; B—gemmae; C—plant habit, dorsal view; D, E—oil bodies in the midleaf cells; F, G—papillose cuticle. Scales: 100 µm, for A, B, D–G; 1 mm for C. All from С-73-29-18 (VBGI). + + + + + +Discussion + + + +Scapaniaceae +is not a genus-rich family and includes six genera: + +Diplophyllum + +(23 species, including data from the present account), + +Douinia + +(3 species), + +Pseudotritomaria + +(monotypic), + +Saccobasis + +(2 species), the species-rich + +Scapania + +(ca. 100 species), and + +Schistochilopsis + +(9 species) ( + +Söderström +et al. +2016 + +, +Bakalin & Klimova 2016 +, Bakalin & Vilnet 2018). + +Pseudotritomaria + +and + +Saccobasis + +are restricted to the northern latitudes in the Holarctic, + +Douinia + +is generally found in the amphi-Atlantic and amphi-Pacific regions, and + +Scapania + +is mainly in the Holarctic, with relatively few representatives in the tropics and extratropical Southern Hemisphere. + +Schistochilopsis + +is generally hemiarctic, with a few representatives reaching tropical latitudes in high elevations of mountains in +East Asia +and even northern Andes in South America. In contrast, + +Diplophyllum + +is quite diverse in the Southern Hemisphere, not only in terms of species diversity but also in the subgeneric sense; for example, subg. +Austrodiplophyllum +(plants with subequally bilobed leaves) is restricted to the Australasia. The morphological peculiarity, ecology and distribution pattern of the genus inspired the concept of +Diplophyllaceae +as an independent bigeneric (including + +Douinia + +) family by +Potemkin (1999) +, which is, however, not confirmable by genetics. +Potemkin (1999) +provides data (partly out of date now) showing that 16 of 24 species of + +Diplophyllum + +are restricted to the Southern Hemisphere (where many of them are relatively narrowly distributed endemics) and only 8 species are restricted to the Holarctic. Contrary to many other liverwort genera ( + +Solenostoma +Mitten (1864 + +[1865]: 51), + +Scapania + +, + +Anastrophyllum +Spruce (1876: 235) + +, + +Frullania +Raddi (1818: 9) + +, etc.) the Sino-Himalaya is not remarkable in the presence of the narrowly distributed + +Diplophyllum + +taxa. + +Diplophyllum trollii + +(genetically closely related to the amphi-Pacific temperate + +D. serrulatum + +) was previously known as the only taxon restricted to the Sino-Himalaya and the eastern macroslope of the Hengduan range. + +Diplophyllum purpurascens + +is another example of the same group of Sino-Himalayan + +Diplophyllum + +. + + +The most distinct and observable feature (even at first glance) of + +Diplophyllum purpurascens + +are the pinkish to purplish gemmae; this feature rarely occurs and is usually not described for the genus. In the vast majority of taxa, the gemmae are colorless to greenish, rarely tending to be yellowish, slightly brownish and golden, although the rest of the plant may be distinctly green-brown to yellow-brown. An exception is + +Diplophyllum sibiricum + +which does have brown to purplish brown gemmae (Bakalin & Vilnet 2018). Another exception is in the +New Zealand + +D. gemmiparum + +, which has brownish-orange gemmae. The latter, however, is a +New Zealand +endemic taxon strikingly different in morphology, especially in its subequally lobed leaves (a feature characteristic of the entirely southern hemisphere subg. +Austrodiplophyllum +, the taxonomic status of which was never tested genetically). Within the +Scapaniaceae +, red gemmae are also known in + +Scapania + +, + +Pseudotritomaria + +and + +Saccobasis + +, and the last two genera occupy early diverging positions in the known phylogeny of the family ( + +Vilnet +et al +., 2010 + +). Purple and red gemmae also occur in several sections of + +Scapania + +, although they are more common (if not dominant) in the subgenera +Plicaticalyx +Müller (1903: 36) +and +Protoscapania +Amakawa & Hattori (1954: 109) +; both occupy early diverging positions ( + +Bakalin +et al +., 2019 + +; + +Heinrichs +et al +., 2012 + +). These colored gemmae in +Scapaniaceae +may be regarded as plesiomorphic feature in contrast to the general trend of greenish gemmae in all other known genera of +Scapaniaceae +. + + +Due to the colored gemmae, + +Diplophyllum purpurascens + +can be easily distinguished among the bulk of the Holartic taxa. If gemmae are not available, this species may be misidentified for some other taxa, including 1) + +D. serrulatum + +(differs in its sparsely dentate, not serrulate leaf margin, versus serrulate leaf margins in + +D. serrulatum + +), 2) + +D. trollii + +(differs in its less well-developed leaf cuticle verrucae and rusty coloration versus verrucose leaf surfaces and greenish coloration in + +D. trollii + +) and 3) + +D. apiculatum + +(different from + +D. purpurascens + +in its distinct ‘vitta’ area in the ventral leaf lobe; moreover, the occurrence of + +D. apiculatum + +is unlikely in the East Asian flora). + + +The distribution of + +Diplophyllum purpurascens + +is greatly restricted as it is only known from +one specimen +. +The +species was collected from partly shaded moist cliff crevices in broadleaved forest (both deciduous and evergreen trees dominating), along ridge with some rocky outcrops at the spur of the +Lao Jun Shan Range +at an elevation of + +3380 m +a.s.l. + +The most common liverwort represented in the area is + +Anastrepta orcadensis + +, a sparsely distributed (although locally abundant) taxon from mountainous Asia in orotemperate to orohemiboreal regions. Previously we showed that + +D. trollii + +, which was known from + +Abies +Miller (1754: 1) + +- + +Rhododendron +Linnaeus (1753: 392) + +forests in +Bhutan +, +Nepal +, and Sikkim in +India +and +Yunnan +in +China +( +Long, 2005 +), can also occur in subtropical forests at + +1200–1300 m +a.s.l. + +in the +Guizhou Province +of +China +( +Bakalin +& +Vilnet +, 2018). + +Diplophyllum purpurascens + +may belong to that group of taxa, such as + +D. trollii + +and many others in +Scapaniaceae +( +Amakawa, 1964 +, +1966 +; +Grolle, 1966 +; +Müller, 1905 +) and in other families of +Marchantiophyta +( + +Bakalin +et al +., 2018a + +, +2018b +, +2019 +; +Herzog, 1939 +; +Long, 2005 +; +Mitten, 1860 +; +Váňa & Long, 2008 +, +2009 +, etc.) which are described from or restricted to the +Sino-Himalaya + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/BC/87/03BC87997370A20FFF63F96ED29B922B.xml b/data/03/BC/87/03BC87997370A20FFF63F96ED29B922B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a1a509fe386 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/BC/87/03BC87997370A20FFF63F96ED29B922B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1823 @@ + + + +Redescription and Revised Classification Status of Abbreviata phrynocephali comb. nov. (Spirurida: Physalopteridae) from the Yarkand Toad-Headed Agama Phrynocephalus axillaris (Lacertilia: Agamidae) + + + +Author + +Yan, Xiao-Fei +Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Biology and Ecological Adaptation & Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China. + + + +Author + +Wang, Tao +Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Biology and Ecological Adaptation & Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China. + + + +Author + +Zhao, Yi-Yang +College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China. + + + +Author + +Chen, Sheng-Tao +Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Biology and Ecological Adaptation & Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China. + + + +Author + +Wang, Yi-Ni +Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Biology and Ecological Adaptation & Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China. + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2025 + +2025-05-12 + + +5633 + + +2 + + +336 +350 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.6 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.6 +1175-5326 +15435201 +DF928AA8-1032-46A1-B86A-EE3E3DBAA577 + + + + + + +Infection +rate/status + + + + + + +Type +host: + +Phrynocephalus axillaris +Blanford, 1875 + +(Lacertilia: +Agamidae +) + + +Type +locality: +Alehui Town +, +Toksun County +, +Turpan City +, +China + + + +Site of infection: Stomach and intestines +Prevalence: 18.89% (17/90) +Range of infections: 1–25 parasites per analyzed hosts +Mean intensity: 8.41 ± 1.82 parasites per analyzed hosts + + + + +Morphological characteristics + + + +Microscopy findings (light and SEM) indicated that the nematode specimens in this study were consistent with + +P. phrynocephali + +in terms of their key identifying features. These features included the head structure, positions of the nerve ring, excretory pores, vulva, tail morphology of males, and uterine branching patterns of females. Given these similarities, they were confirmed to belong to the same species. The following is a detailed morphological description: + + +General: The body was white and linear, thin at both ends, gradually thickening toward the center, with a thick cuticle featuring fine transverse stripes ( +Fig. 2A, F +). The anterior cuticle was dilated, forming a ring-like head collar ( +Fig. 2B, G +). The head had two symmetrical pseudolabials ( +Figs. 3A–D +, +4A +, +5A +) and two pairs of cephalic papillae arranged symmetrically on the pseudolabials ( +Figs. 3D +, +4A +, +5A +), with a rounded raised small amphid between each pair of cephalic papillae ( +Figs. 4A +, +5A +). The inner margin of the pseudolabials had a triangular conical tooth in the middle, with a divergent denticle within the conical tooth ( +Figs. 3B +, +4A +, +5A +) and a variable number of closely spaced denticles on each side of the base of the conical tooth, +8–14 in +males ( +Fig. 4A +) and +7–9 in +females ( +Fig. 5A +). The esophagus was divided into a short anterior muscular portion and a long posterior glandular portion ( +Fig. 3A, C +). The nerve ring encircled the posterior muscular esophagus ( +Fig. 3A, C +), and the cervical papillae was located slightly posterior to the deirids ( +Fig. 3A +, +5B +). Sexual dimorphism was evident, with females being larger than males. + + + +FIGURE 2. +Optical microscopy of + +Abbreviata phrynocephali + +comb. nov. +from + +Phrynocephalus axillaris + +( +Squamata +: +Agamidae +), China. A. Female; B. Head of female; C. Vulva; D. Posterior end of female; E. Egg; F. Male; G. Head of male; H. Pedunculated papillae; I. Posterior end of male; J. Spicule. + + + + +FIGURE 3. + +Abbreviata phrynocephali + +comb. nov. +collected from + +Phrynocephalus axillaris + +( +Squamata +: +Agamidae +) in Tupan– Hami Basin, Xinjiang, China. A. Male anterior part. B. Anterior end of male, frontal view; C. Anterior end of male, ventral view; D. Head of male, ventral view; E. Posterior end of male; F. Vulva; G. Posterior end of female; H. Spicules; I. Egg. + + + +Males (based on six samples): body length +5.58–9.95 mm +( +7.65 mm +), maximum width +0.37– 0.45 mm +( +0.40 mm +), esophagus length +1.54–1.85 mm +( +1.70 mm +), 18.16%–28.23% (22.03%) of body length; muscular esophagus length +0.20–0.26 mm +( +0.24 mm +); glandular esophagus +1.23–1.62 mm +( +1.42 mm +) long; ratio of length of muscular to glandular esophagus 13.76%–21.71% (17.33%); nerve ring, deirids and excretory pore +0.18–0.24 mm +( +0.22 mm +), +0.37–0.53 mm +( +0.46 mm +), and +0.37–0.65 mm +( +0.51 mm +) from cephalic extremity, respectively. Tail length +0.48–0.66 mm +( +0.56 mm +). Tail with two unequal spicules, elongate whip-like with pointed, left spicule +0.51 mm +( +0.48–0.53 mm +) long, right spicule +0.21 mm +( +0.19–0.23 mm +) long ( +Figs. 2J +, +3H +, +4D +). Male body with curled caudal end, cuticle fused ventrally to form well-developed caudal bursa ( +Fig. 2I +), with 21 caudal papillae ( +Figs. 2H +, +3E +, +4B +), including four pairs of pedunculate papillae ( +Fig. 2H +), six pairs of sessile papillae, and one large unpaired papilla ( +Fig. 3E +). Of the four pairs of pedunculate papillae, one pair was located anterior to the cloaca, one pair was located on either side of the horizontal line of the center of the cloaca, two pairs were located posteriorly to the cloaca; and a large unpaired papilla was located at the anterior margin of the cloaca ( +Fig. 4E +). Of the six pairs of sessile papillae, one pair was located on either side of the central horizontal line of the cloaca, one pair was located on the posterior margin of the cloaca, and four pairs are located posterior to the cloaca; one pair was located close to the cloaca, and two pairs of small unpaired papillae were located posteriorly, and the last pair was small and located close to the caudal tip ( +Figs. 3E +, +4B +). + + +Females (based on 10 samples): body length +6.56–12.57 mm +( +9.05 mm +), maximum width +0.44–0.61 mm +( +0.52 mm +), esophagus length +1.55–2.29 mm +( +1.95 mm +), 17.26%–25.48% (21.95%) of the body length; muscular esophagus length +0.18–0.30 mm +( +0.24 mm +); glandular esophagus length +1.46–2.06 mm +( +1.71 mm +); the ratio of the lengths of the muscular esophagus and the glandular esophagus was 9.69%–18.49% (14.27%); nerve ring and deirids +0.16–0.27 mm +( +0.21 mm +), +0.46–0.55 mm +( +0.50 mm +) from cephalic extremity, respectively. The vulva was located in the anterior part of the body, +1.25–2.67 mm +( +2.18 mm +) from the end of the head, accounting for 17.19%– 30.22% (21.85%) of the body length ( +Figs. 2C +, +3F +, +5C +). The vagina was long and well-developed, and the uterus was divided into six branches. The tail of the female worm was in the form of a small mucronate conical shape with caudal phasmids at the base of the tail tip ( +Figs. 2D +, +3G +, +5D +), and the distance between the anus and the tail end was +0.29–0.41 mm +( +0.35 mm +). The eggs were in the form of an elongated ellipsoid shape ( +Figs. 2E +, +3I +, +5E +), with thick shells and smooth surfaces, and were internally embryonic smooth, 30–38 × 46–64 μm in length and width, and internally embryonated. + + + + +FIGURE 4. +Scanning electron microscopic images of + +Abbreviata phrynocephali + +comb. nov. +collected from + +Phrynocephalus axillaris + +( +Squamata +: +Agamidae +) in China, male. A. Cephalic extremity; B. Posterior end of body; C. Cloacal; D. Spicule; E. Papillae; am. Amphid; ct. Conical teeth; od. Oral marginal denticles; cp. Cephalic papillae; pp. Pedunculated papillae; sp. Sessile papillae. + + + + + +Comparative morphological analysis + + + +Tao (1985) +described + +P. phrynocephali + +type +specimens collected from the stomach and coelomic cavity of + +P. axillaris + +in +Yecheng County +, +Tarim Basin +, +Xinjiang Uygur +Autonomous Region +. However, the morphological characterization diverges from our findings. +Notably +, the length of the male copulatory spicule (left/right: 0.32–0.53/ +0.18–0.23 mm +) differs substantially from +Tao’s +measurements (left/right: 0.14–0.24/ + +1.714 +–2.355 +mm + +), potentially attributable to specimen preservation artifacts, technical limitations (e.g., measurement errors from low-resolution light microscopy), and intraspecific variation influenced by host physiology. +Morphological +discrepancies extended to caudal papillary architecture. +Tao +identified two pairs of precloacal and two pairs of postcloacal pedunculated papillae, with 13 sessile papillae distributed as: three isolated precloacal papillae forming an inverted “pin” configuration, four postcloacal papillae in two adjacent rows, and three paired caudal papillae. +Conversely +, our specimens exhibited one pair of precloacal papillae, one pair flanking the cloacal midline, and two postcloacal pairs, with sessile papillae comprising one unpaired precloacal papilla, one cloacal-level pair, two postcloacal pairs, and three caudal pairs. Additional variations included pseudolabial dentition: +Tao +reported 11 apical tooth-associated denticles in males and +5–9 in +females, versus our counts of 8–14 (males) and 7–9 (females). +Vulval +positioning also differed, with +Tao’s +specimens showing anterior placement at 21.32%–23.99% body length versus 17.19%–30.22% (mean 21.85%) in our study. + + + +FIGURE 5. +Scanning electron microscopic images of + +Abbreviata phrynocephali + +comb. nov. +collected from + +Phrynocephalus axillaris + +( +Squamata +: +Agamidae +) in China, female. A. Cephalic extremity; B. Deirids; C. Vulva; D. Posterior end of body; E. Eggs; a. Amphid. ct. Conical teeth; od. Oral marginal denticles; ph. Phasmids. + + + +The genus + +Physalopteriata + +was established by Sobolev and subsequently reassigned to + +Pentadentoptera + +by +Shakhnazarova (1949) +. + +P. phrynocephali + +exhibits marked morphological distinctions from both the +type +species + +P. schulzi + +and other congeners within + +Pentadentoptera + +. Body size: + +P. phrynocephali + +is notably smaller than the others. Apical and small tooth distribution: + +P. phrynocephali + +has only one large apical tooth, whereas + +P. schulzi + +, + +P. mustelae + +, and + +P. citelli + +have three apical teeth. Beneath the apical tooth of + +P. phrynocephali + +is a small bifurcated tooth, and the outer edge of its mouth is lined with a relatively large number of small teeth (5–11). Conversely, + +P. schulzi + +, + +P. mustelae + +, and + +P. citelli + +have either two or no teeth along the outer edge of their mouth. Uterine branches: The uterus of + +P. phrynocephali + +has six branches, whereas the uteri of + +P. schulzi + +, + +P. mustelae + +, and + +P. citelli + +have two branches. Based on these significant morphological discrepancies, we propose that + +P. phrynocephali + +should not be classified within + +Pentadentoptera + +. + + +In 1920, Travassos separated + +Abbreviata + +based on the number, pattern, and initial position of the uterus. Subsequent research efforts have summarized the following key morphological characteristics of + +Abbreviata + +: the mouth is encircled by two symmetrically arranged pseudolabias. Each pseudolabium is equipped with one lateral apical tooth and one medial bifurcated tooth. In addition, there are two pairs of labial papillae and one pair of amphids. The entire perimeter of the pseudolabia is fringed with small teeth. The male tail is characterized by caudal alae. It typically has four pairs of stalked papillae, with two pairs located anterior and two pairs posterior to the cloaca. The number of sessile papillae is variable. Typically, there are three pairs anterior to the cloaca, two pairs surrounding the cloaca, and three, four, or five pairs on the ventral side of the tail. The copulatory spicules generally have unequal lengths. The female vulva is situated within the anterior third of the body. The uterus can have two, four, or more than four (multiple) branches. The eggs are typically oval, smooth in texture, and have a thick shell ( +Morgan 1945 +; +Jones 1983 +; +Jones 1986 +; +Jones 2013 +). These features are consistent with the morphological descriptions of the nematode species investigated in this study. Therefore, the nematode specimens in this study were identified as belonging to + +Abbreviata +. + + + + +TABLE 1. +Comprehensive genetic data integrated in the phylogenetic tree analysis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
SpeciesHostParasitic SiteGenBank ID COIReference
+ +Abbreviata kazachstanica + + +－ + +－ +MK578751.1Unpublished
+ +Abbreviata kazachstanica + + +－ + +－ +MK578752.1Unpublished
+ +Abbreviata caucasica + + + +Pan troglodytes verus + + +－ +MT231294.1Unpublished
+ +Abbreviata caucasica + + + +Pan troglodytes verus + + +－ +MT231299.1Unpublished
+ +Abbreviata caucasica + + + +Pan troglodytes verus + + +－ +MT231307.1Unpublished
+ +Physaloptera retusa + + + +Cerradomys subflavus + + +－ +KT894803.1Direct Submission
+ +Physaloptera amazonica + + + +Proechimys gardneri + +StomachMK309356.1 + +Maldonado +et al +. (2019) + +
+ +Physaloptera hispida + + + +Sigmodon hispidus + +PulmonaryMH782844.1Unpublished
+ +Physaloptera hispida + + + +Sigmodon hispidus + +PulmonaryMH782845.1Unpublished
+ +Physaloptera +sp. + + + +Cerradomys subflavus + + +－ +KT894807.1Unpublished
+ +Physaloptera bispiculata + + + +Cerradomys subflavus + + +－ +KT894806.1Unpublished
+ +Physaloptera +sp. + + + +Trimorphodon biscutatus + + +－ +KC130694.1 + +Prosser +et al +. (2013) + +
+ +Physaloptera +sp. + + + +Trimorphodon biscutatus + + +－ +KC130690.1 + +Laidoudi +et al +. (2020) + +
+ +Physaloptera mirandai + + +－ + +－ +KP981418.1Unpublished
+ +Physaloptera mirandai + + +－ + +－ +KT894804.1Unpublished
+ +Spauligodon atlanticus + + + +Gallotia stehlini + +CaecumJF829285.1 + +Jorge +et al +. (2011) + +
+ +Spauligodon auziensis + + + +Gallotia stehlini + +CaecumJF829264.1 +De Sousa +et al +. (2019) +
+ +Aspiculuris tetraptera + + +Mus musculus +IntestineMT621046.1 + +Omer +et al +. (2020) + +
+ + +Comparison revealed pronounced morphological disparities between the nematode specimens in this study and those of previously reported species in + +Abbreviata + +. Specifically, the male tails of the specimens in this study possessed four pairs of stalked papillae and 13 sessile papillae, whereas the female uterus had six branches. Conversely, the male tail of + +A. adonisi +Sulahian, 1968 + +has three pairs of stalked papillae, + +A. anomala +Jones, 1986 + +and + +A. baltazardi +Chabaud, 1953 + +have five pairs, and + +A. hastaspicula +Jones, 1979 + +has seven pairs. Regarding the number of sessile papillae on the male tail, + +A. levicauda +Jones, 1983 + +, + +A. bancrofti +Irwin-Smith + +, + +A. hastaspicula + +, + +A. perenticola +Mus, 1985 + +, + +A. tumidocapitis +Jones, 1983 + +and + +A. glebopalmae +Jones, 1988 + +have 7; + +A. adonisi + +has 8, + +A. borneensis +Schad, 1959 + +and + +A. baltazardi + +have 11, and + +A. achari +Mirza + +has 12. In terms of female uterine branches, the uterus of + +A. pilbarensis + +has one branch, whereas the uteri of the other + +Abbreviata + +nematodes have four branches. Thus, considering these species identification traits and incorporating the comparative morphological data in +Table 2 +, the nematode specimens in this study were identified as belonging to + +Abbreviata + +, however, were distinct from previously reported species. + + + +TABLE 2. +Comparison of morphological characters of nematodes of the genus + +Abbreviata + +(measurements in mm). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +A. phrynocephalus + + + +A. levicauda + + + +A. tumidocapitis + + + +A. pilbarensis + + + +A. anomala + + + +A. glebopalmae + + + +Pentadentoptera phrynocephali +✱ + +
SourceThis study +Jones (1983) + +Jones (1983) + +Jones (1986) + +Jones (1986) + +Jones (1988) + +Tao (1985) +
Host + +Phrynocephalus axillaris + + + +Varanus rosenbergi + + + +Varanus gouldii + + + +Pogona minor mitchelli + + + +Pogona minor minor + + + +Varanus glebopalma + + + +Phrynocephalus axillaris + +
Sexmalefemalemalefemalemalefemalemalefemalemalefemalemalefemalemalefemale
BL5.58–9.556.56–12.5711.5–18.018.5–25.08–10.511–148.9–10.513.2–21.017.8–20.540.4–51.88.1–10.711.3–13.45.5–6.56–8
MW0.37–0.450.44–0.610.35–0.440.50–0.740.28–0.380.42–0.490.30–0.400.52–0.670.44–0.500.56–0.880.29–0.310.40–0.480.274– 0.4340.308– 0.480
ML0.22–0.320.18–0.300.31–0.370.35–0.450.36–0.430.32–0.530.25–0.350.28–0.420.23–0.290.35–0.560.39–0.500.46–0.510.205– 0.2260.251– 0.297
GL1.27–1.541.46–2.062.07–2.502.37–3.252.10–2.842.16–3.041.62–1.922.20–2.752.30–3.103.30–4.402.40–0.760.80–3.501.154– 1.4971.439– 1.731
NC0.18–0.240.16–0.270.31–0.370.31–0.450.27–0.390.26–0.390.25–0.310.26–0.380.46–0.590.26–0.300.32–0.400.38–0.440.160– 0.2050.213– 0.240
EPC0.37–0.65-0.58–0.680.63–0.870.49–0.660.42–0.670.52–0.650.48–0.760.32–0.550.36–0.720.78–0.900.72–0.840.313– 0.3260.333– 0.366
DC0.37–0.530.46–0.550.57–0.670.63–0.860.32–0.510.35–0.620.45–0.590.45–0.760.36–0.460.38–0.600.34–0.480.36–0.460.166– 0.3130.320
VC/BL-17.19– 30.22-18–31.8-22.6–30.0-25.9–38.7-3.0–4.8-21.1–26.9-21.32– 23.99
SL0.32–0.53-0.50–0.60-0.442– 0.594-0.325– 0.425-0.72–0.90-0.48–0.60-0.14–0.24-
SR0.18–0.23-0.30–0.34-0.197– 0.276-0.15–0.21-0.22–0.26-0.24–0.32-1.714– 2.355-
TL0.48–0.610.29–0.41-0.38–0.62-0.21–0.30-0.30–0.52-0.44–0.560.19–0.3-0.331– 0.365
ES (μm)-30–38× 46–64-32.5–33.7 × 47.5–50-31–33× 47–49-40–45× 50–60-44–48× 72–76-28–32× 35–36-34–40 × 45–60
PP8-8-8-8-10-8-8-
PSP13-7-7-13-11-7-13-
UB-6-4-4-1-4-4-6
+ + + +......continued on the next page +BL body length, MW maximum width, ML length of muscular esophagus, GL length of glandular esophagus, NC distance of nerve ring to cephalic end, EPC distance of excretory pore to cephalic end, DC distance of deirids to cephalic end, SL length of left spicule, SR length of right spicule, TL length of tail, ES size of eggs, PP number of pedunculate papillae, PSP number and arrangement of caudal sessile papillae, and UB number of uterine branches. * This species was included for comparison with + +Abbreviata +spp. + +Please refer to the main text for the proposed taxonomic revisions. + + + + +TABLE 2 +(Continued) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +A. bancrofti + + + +A. borneensis + + + +A. baltazardi + + + +A. adonisi + + + +A. hastaspicula + + + +A. perenticola + + + +A. achari + +
Source +Jones, 2013 + +Schad, 1959 + +Chabaud, 1953 + +Sulahian, 1968 + +Jones, 1979 + +Mus, 1985 + +Soota, 1969 +
Host + +Phyllurus platurus + + + +Varanus rudicollis + + + +Phrynocephalus helioscopus + + +Agatna stellio + +Aspidites melanocephalus + + +Varanus giganteus + + + +Calotea versicolor + +
Sexmalefemalemalefemalemalefemalemalefemalemalefemalemalefemalemalefemale
BL13.4–17.623.811.00– 24.5024.00– 37.008.5012.5016.225–32.711.17– 12.3717.62– 30.7516.0–22.026.0–31.011.44– 13.3119.2–21.2
MW0.428– 0.5280.64--0.3600.4753.050.53–0.620.40–0.670.66–1.100.38–0.620.60–0.760.33–0.350.43–0.45
ML0.28–0.320.320.22–0.380.30–0.470.2400.2100.340.45–0.540.26–0.410.37–0.440.26–0.400.32–0.44--
GL2.30–2.803.26--1.401.803.233.27–3.841.75–2.842.22–3.612.56–3.263.30–4.10--
NC0.280.3440.24–0.370.33–0.420.210.240.270.31–0.340.23–0.380.36–0.430.32–0.380.33–0.45--
EPC0.480– 0.5680.5840.37–0.600.62–0.760.300.380-0.47–0.570.50–0.770.64–0.800.48–0.780.44–0.80--
DC0.40–0.480.6240.34–0.530.54–0.680.320.370-–0.43–0.610.56–0.700.39–0.620.40–0.66--
VC/BL-21.4-27.03– 40.00-20.55---21.68- 24.39---20.00– 21.77
SL1.20–1.36-1.94–2.40-0.32-0.37-0.62–0.70-0.62–0.80-0.28–0.39-
SR0.312– 0.320-0.29–0.94-0.22-0.14-0.59–0.67-0.48–0.56-0.08–0.11-
TL-0.520-0.19–0.500.460----0.28–0.430.74–0.880.24–0.380.28–0.42-
ES (μm)-32 ×50-21–29× 36–54-30 × 65-27–32× 51–62-31–39× 31–42-32–36 × 36–40-22 × 44–55
PP8-8-10-6-14-8-8-
PSP7-11-11-8-7-7-12-
UB-4-4-4-4-4-4-4
+ + +BL body length, MW maximum width, ML length of muscular esophagus, GL length of glandular esophagus, NC distance of nerve ring to cephalic end, EPC distance of excretory pore to cephalic end, DC distance of deirids to cephalic end, SL length of left spicule, SR length of right spicule, TL length of tail, ES size of eggs, PP number of pedunculate papillae, PSP number and arrangement of caudal sessile papillae, and UB number of uterine branches. + + +In summary, the key morphological characteristics of + +P. phrynocephali + +closely aligned with the identification criteria of + +Abbreviata + +, strongly indicating its classification within this genus. However, a comparison with the currently documented + +Abbreviata + +nematodes revealed marked disparities in several crucial features used for identification. These include the length and morphological traits of the male spicules, quantity and distribution patterns of the caudal papillae, location of the female vulva, and number and structural characteristics of the uterine branches. Given these distinct differences, this study proposes rectifying the taxonomic status of + +Pentadentoptera phrynocephali + +and reclassifying it as + +Abbreviata + +(Spirurida: +Physalopteridae +). + + + + +Phylogenetic analysis of + +Abbreviata phrynocephali + +comb. nov. + + + + +The mitochondrial +COI +sequences of + +A. phrynocephali + +comb. nov. +(400–421 bp) exhibited 0% intraspecific nucleotide divergence, while showing substantial genetic differentiation from congeneric species in GenBank: + +A. caucasica + +(accession number MT231307.1) (53.55%, 217/404) and + +A. kazachstanica + +(accession number MK57875 2.1) (52.10%, 210/403). BI phylogenetic analysis revealed that + +A. phrynocephali + +clustered with + +A. kazachstanica + +and + +A. caucasica + +within a monophyletic clade (posterior probability>0.95), demonstrating significant branch-length divergence from congeners ( +Fig. 6 +). This clade was phylogenetically distinct from outgroup genera ( + +Physaloptera + +and + +Spauligodon + +), with no intergeneric sequence admixture observed. The combined evidence of pronounced nucleotide divergence and robust nodal support conclusively validated both the classification of + +A. phrynocephali + +within + +Abbreviata + +and its genetic distinctiveness from related taxa. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/BF/4E/87/BF4E87E5FFA4CE7591E3FA4AE57FFD9F.xml b/data/BF/4E/87/BF4E87E5FFA4CE7591E3FA4AE57FFD9F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..23984002d06 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/BF/4E/87/BF4E87E5FFA4CE7591E3FA4AE57FFD9F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,205 @@ + + + +Megymenum lisi and M. megaspinosum, two new species of Oriental Dinidoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae) + + + +Author + +Kocorek, Anna + +text + + +Genus + + +2000 + +2000-05-30 + + +11 + + +2 + + +113 +117 + + + +journal article + + + + + + +Megymenum lisi + +n. sp. + + + + + +ETYMOLOGY +The new species is dedicated to Professor Jerzy A. +LIS +(University of Opole, an eminent specialist in + +Dinidoridae + +and + +Cydnidae + +) + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + + + +Megymenum lisi + +is very similar to + +M. salebrosum +LIS + +in its body outline and sculpture. Nevertheless, it can easily be separated by its smaller preocullar processes (figs 1, 5), larger and sharper processes of collar­like structure, larger antero­lateral margins projecting forwards to form rounded processes (figs 2, 6) and less pointed hypophysis of parameres (figs 4, 8). + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +Body brown without metallic tinge, elongate, abdomen slightly broader than pronotum. + +Head (fig. 5) slightly punctate; paraclypei concave, much longer than clypeus and joined in front of it; preocular surface distinctly swollen with very small processes, eyes round, protruding, brown, ocelli of the same colour as head; ocular index about 5.6; distance between ocelli about 1.21 times longer than distance between ocellus and eye; antennae similarly coloured as head, 4­segmented, 1 +st +segment short and not reaching apex of head, 2 +nd +longest, 3 +rd +and 4 +th +subequal and slightly dilated; rostrum light brown, reaching mid­coxae, 1 +st +segment extending beyond base of head, buccula lobed anteriorly incrised, surface convex and rugose. + +Pronotum (fig. 6) with numerous fine ridges and puncture­like spots; anterior border drawn forwards to form a collar­like structure behind base of head, with sharp and narrow teeth at the corners; antero­lateral margins projecting forwards to form small, rounded processes, lateral borders irregular, with small projections; posterior angles rounded; posterior border straight at base of scutellum, anterior median tuberosity very large and conspicuous. +Scutellum with dispersed puncture­like spots; cavity­like depressions present at basal angles of scutellum. +Hemelytra narrower than abdomen, corium slightly longer than scutellum, membrane creamy coloured, not reaching posterior extremity of abdomen. +Legs uniformly coloured, as rest of body, femora with small spines on undersurface, spines extending in 2 rows only near apex of femora (about 4 spines), female hind tibia slightly dilated. +Meso­ and metasternum with a deep median groove; scent gland spout large and conspicuous, evaporatoria wrinkled. +Abdomen. Abdominal connexivum not covered by hemelytra, conspicuous; posterior lateral corners of segment with a rounded apical lobe and a small median lobe occupying more than half­length of abdominal segments (fig. 7); sterna punctate; spiracles of first visible abdominal sternum not covered by metasternum, placed in linear arrangement near lateral margins and closer to anterior intersegmental border of each segment. + +Male genitalia very similar to + +M. salebrosum + +, but differ in the shape of paramere (figs 4, 8). + + +Female genitalia: 9 +th +paratergite similar to + +M. salebrosum + +, 1 +st +valvifers with distinguished median and lateral elevation. + + + +1­4. + +Megymenum salebrosum + +; 5­8. + +Megymenum lisi + +n. sp. +; 9­11. + +Megymenum dohri + +; 12­14. + +Megymenum megaspinosum + +n. sp. +: 1, 5, 9, 12 ­ head, 2, 6, 10, 13 ­ pronotum, 3, 7, 11, 14 ­ lateral margin of abdomen, 4, 8 ­ paramere + + +Measurements (in mm) (male followed by female): body length 14.82, 16.0; body width 8.56, 8.86; head length 2.4, 2.65; head width 3.15, 3.2; pronotum length 4.3, 4.5; pronotum width 7.05, 7.45; scutellum length 3.95, 4.1; scutellum width 4.0, 4.25; antennal segments: 0.85:2.3:1.6: and 0.8:2.3:1.55:1.5. + + +TYPE + +MATERIAL + + + + + +Holotype +male +: [ +Bhutan +] +Bhoutan Anglais +, + +R. +OBERTHUR + +, 1899 + +; + +paratype +female +, Museum Paris, +Bhoutan Anglais +, + +R. +OBERTHUR + +, 1900 + +; + +paratype +female +, Museum Paris, +Bhoutan +Pedong +, + +R. +OBERTHUR + +, 1897 + +. +Holotype +and +one paratype +in the collection of the Muséum National d̕Histoire Naturelle in Paris; +one paratype +in the collection of the Department of Zoology, University of Opole. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/BF/4E/87/BF4E87E5FFA7CE7291A7FD76E501FC7E.xml b/data/BF/4E/87/BF4E87E5FFA7CE7291A7FD76E501FC7E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4afa318bf1a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/BF/4E/87/BF4E87E5FFA7CE7291A7FD76E501FC7E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ + + + +Megymenum lisi and M. megaspinosum, two new species of Oriental Dinidoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae) + + + +Author + +Kocorek, Anna + +text + + +Genus + + +2000 + +2000-05-30 + + +11 + + +2 + + +113 +117 + + + +journal article + + + + + + +Megymenum megaspinosum + +n. sp. + + + + + +ETYMOLOGY + +The name of the new species refers to its very big processes (spines) of pronotum and connexivum. + + + +DIAGNOSIS + + + +Megymenum megaspinosum + +is clearly separable from all other species of the genus by its very big and sharp, triangularly shaped spines of connexival segments. It is most similar to + +M. dohrni +LIS + +, but has different shape of collar­like corners of pronotum (figs.10, 13), and size of projections of abdominal segments (figs 11, 14) and has no preocular spines (figs 9, 12). + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +Body brownish black with a cupreous metallic tinge (especially pronotal margins, pronotal and scutellum protrusions, and apical connexival segments). Body elongate, abdomen slightly broader than pronotum. Lateral margins of pronotum and abdomen bearing distinct processes. + +Head (fig. 12) slightly punctate; paraclypei deeply concave and much longer than clypeus joined in front of it; eyes round, protruding and appear pedunculate, light­brown, ocelli of the same colour as head surface; ocular index 4.3; distance between ocelli about 1.23 times longer than distance between ocellus and eye; antennae 4­segmented, 1 +st +segment short, not reaching apex of head, 2 +nd +longest, 3 +rd +and 4 +th +subequal, but 3 +rd +slightly dilated, first three segments including base of 4 +th +similarly coloured as head, rest yellowish; rostrum light brown, reaching mid­coxae, 1 +st +segment extending beyond base of head, buccula lobed, anteriorly incised, surface convex and rugose, similarly coloured as head. + +Pronotum (fig. 13) generally of same colour as head, with numerous fine ridges, and puncture­like spots; anterior border drawn forwards to form a collar­like structure behind base of head, bearing sharp corners; lateral margins irregularly rugged with one very sharply pointed projection; posterior angles rounded; posterior border straight at base of scutellum, anterior median tuberosity large and conspicuous, two small depressions present below tuberosity. +Scutellum with dispersed puncture­like spots; cavity­like depressions present at basal angles of scutellum. +Hemelytra narrower than abdomen, corium slightly longer than scutellum, membrane not extending beyond abdomen, creamy coloured with brownish patches. +Legs uniformly coloured as rest of body, femora with small spines on undersurface, spines extending in two rows from near apex to base of femora (about 8 spines), hind tibia of female slightly dilated. +Meso­ and metasternum with a deep median groove; scent gland spout large and conspicuous, evaporatoria wrinkled. +Abdomen. Connexivum not covered by hemelytra, well conspicuous; posterior lateral corners of segments with a large pyramid­shape apical projection and smaller median projection (fig. 14); sterna punctate. +Measurements (in mm) (female only): body length 17.21; body width 10.4; head length 3.0; head width 3.25; pronotum length 4.5; pronotum width 9.0; scutellum length 4.6; scutellum width 4.75; antennal segments: 1.0:2.5:1.95:1.55. + +TYPE +MATERIAL + + + + + +Holotype +female +: [ +Sumatra +]: +Indrapura +­ Estate. Ost Sumatra; Gebr. +SIEMSSEN +leg. +IX ­ XII 1893 +, det. +6 IV 1894 +, +Megymenum basale dohrni +J.A. +LIS +, det B. +LIS +(preserved in the collection of the Department of Zoology, University of Opole + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file