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<mods:title id="2D09966FDB0C1B80EC53AFCD656F56F1">The grasshoppers and crickets (Orthoptera) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): a comprehensive overview and a description of a new Oecanthus Tree Cricket (Oecanthidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D3ECCCD0959E74A326D04B73EBF57890">Felix, Rob</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F6C970926E3F754F82DB290F8BC0FB16">Bouwman, Jaap</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4237D9AA152231D53ADE894AECB28B76">Arnhem, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7A9D2FD261883C72A7B8FF3CD595712A">Odé, Baudewijn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0825217E05D10E5FC5CB06C29A63A0FA">Ketelaar, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="945E50E3F94B6266565C284B7155746F">Warnsveld, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B023B716588964D0B7A7A85743571DE0">Pham, Duc Minh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="16C33BF7F7D9B4832F222929E0D5855F">Giessen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="04D57B874072F784C428B0D072CFD102">Bailey, James</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AC9DF69565FC5D9D4B31B610CA6D5D5B">Laguna Niguel, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="98DE86694D2A237CA9ACD16C6C10FCDC">Contributions to Entomology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CD96C2F30D42C8EC15958B76FFB3FEAA">
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<mods:date id="F414FBB0C7C1E6015CBD329DE5188D95">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3B7F8D74796B78A7F7C8A064F223AE76">2025-03-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9C0AB1CE00579BD2A7318BBB2D54301B">75</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E18097C0EAE005684DECB7F917CADC68">1</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E4743C46BC39DBF4E3E47853B4534B24" type="DOI">10.3897/contrib.entomol.75.e144389</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="999F8075137B33D3FBC829437968D02B" type="ZooBank">57F30CBD-C51F-4D9A-A280-8EF2CE6D2E8E</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CF0D58F0C3665107912BB26341C9FBFD" ID-arpha="CF0D58F0-C366-5107-912B-B26341C9FBFD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CF0D58F0C3665107912BB26341C9FBFD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF0D58F0C3665107912BB26341C9FBFD" scope_family="Gryllidae" scope_order="Orthoptera" scope_subFamily="Gryllinae" scope_subOrder="Ensifera" scope_superFamily="Grylloidea" scope_tribe="Modicogryllini">
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<subSubSection id="69A336E7910FEC20B45B46B9A55F975B" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BB8193A28905B90A197FADE20E6EBFED">
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<taxonomicName id="B1749339CFC31A3D5BF6A09F6E98C6BD" authority="(Tarbinsky, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Tarbinsky" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="820944B41137C3FF1F4C1A86DD933E6E" italics="true">Eumodicogryllus chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="07FB62EDD76733D713A0938BAE428443" author="Tarbinsky S" refId="B145" refString="Tarbinsky S (1930) On some new and little-known Orthoptera from Palaearctic Asia. III. Konowia Zeitschrift fur systematische Insektenkunde 9. https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KON_9_0177-0190.pdf" url="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KON_9_0177-0190.pdf" year="1930">Tarbinsky, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D39846D861717E8D42F79568B34C7A7A" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5B28E6E2D046150981F180357C99776F">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="832A1128B69A1EAA642E7D06FDEF4B92" captionStart="Figure 144" captionStartId="F144" captionText="Figure 144. Eumodicogryllus chivensis (Tarbinsky 1930), males. Neet, Socotra, 28 Oct 2010. A, C. Habitus; B, D. Head. The epistomal suture is visible (D), showing a right angle and pointed apex between the antennae, characteristic of the genus. In the second specimen (C, D), the colours have faded by ethanol. A, B. SpRF 10 YE 025; C, D. SpRF 10 YE 034. Scale bars: 2 mm (photographs Roy Kleukers, Luc Willemse)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1281011">Figs 144</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="45DF7F48353B73114985DF3346F18F85" captionStart="Figure 145" captionStartId="F145" captionText="Figure 145. Eumodicogryllus chivensis (Tarbinsky, 1930), phallic complex of male. Neet, Socotra, 28 Oct 2010. A. Dorsal view, anterior end on top; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view, anterior end on the left. Abbreviations: EctF: Ectophallic Fold; EndC: Endophallic Cavity; MLPs: Main Lobes of the Pseudepiphallus; PsP: Pseudepiphallic Parameres; R: Ramus; ScEEI.: Lateral Sclerotisation of the Epi-Ectophallic Invagination; SpRF 10 YE 034; Scale bar: 0.5 mm (photograph Rob Felix)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1281012">145</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="406EDAECCF97F0161E262692D869D2BB" captionStart="Figure 146" captionStartId="F146" captionText="Figure 146. Distribution of Eumodicogryllus chivensis (Tarbinksy, 1930) in the Socotra Archipelago." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1281013">146</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3DCCBCC4EDB320F025F78E815F7E98DC" captionStart="Figure 147" captionStartId="F147" captionText="Figure 147. Calling song of Eumodicogryllus chivensis (Tarbinksy, 1930). Oscillograms (A, B) and spectrogram (C) depicting 10 s (A), 500 ms (B) and 2 s (C). Neet, Socotra, 28 Oct 2010, 20: 39 h; RecRF 10118; SpRF 10 YE 034; XC 877946, accessible at https://www.xeno-canto.org/877946." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1281014">147</figureCitation>
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EIFLM" type="Diagnostic notes">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E56F876331BCD17DFAE270972BBD8EEC">
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||||
<heading id="24A451FA2E66D41920CA24A9D67FE5E5" reason="title">Diagnostic notes.</heading>
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||||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="96E84AE426748A9F7459F9FE6915783F">
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With less than
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<quantity id="F6FEDC57DF3AE1C0303E8DBCD1B606C7" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="779E1E2776ACF8A33787EF38E9396687" baseAuthorityName="Tarbinsky" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
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<emphasis id="BA007A5D62232259C8B4DEE715BED759" italics="true">E. chivensis</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
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is a relatively small member of the true crickets on
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<collectingCountry id="C7FC744197250D81951D1006FD5264BE" name="Yemen">Socotra</collectingCountry>
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. It is characterised by a light brown, sandy colour, six faint longitudinal stripes on the occiput and a strongly curved epistomal suture between the antennae, forming an almost right angle with a sharp apex (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="57B42429417C221F9DC367EBF0397BCF" captionStart="Figure 144" captionStartId="F144" captionText="Figure 144. Eumodicogryllus chivensis (Tarbinsky 1930), males. Neet, Socotra, 28 Oct 2010. A, C. Habitus; B, D. Head. The epistomal suture is visible (D), showing a right angle and pointed apex between the antennae, characteristic of the genus. In the second specimen (C, D), the colours have faded by ethanol. A, B. SpRF 10 YE 025; C, D. SpRF 10 YE 034. Scale bars: 2 mm (photographs Roy Kleukers, Luc Willemse)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1281011">144</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The latter character is diagnostic for the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8F3B1ABCBC0A7F536CF537AA6A238843" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis id="8FADADD20CE8F525DB96CDCBB10971A4" italics="true">Eumodicogryllus</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
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, compared to
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<taxonomicName id="838FA1D03223FAEE013EDB82BD599B4D" authorityName="Chopard" authorityYear="1961" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Modicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C8A0757DC5CE02EC59EF3CC93A2C0A00" italics="true">Modicogryllus</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The tegmina have two harp veins.
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="F0250B739919587991F3E8F623DCC83C" ID-arpha="BDCDC1AF-57F4-5AE4-A4A1-C820FA1B1013" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1281011" startId="F144">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C9B65FA7011C2EFF0DF642F78A67A114">
|
||||
<label id="C2CB5521DF19BB8F8F356EF9B3E49EC7">Figure 144.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D88CBA04EE34853BD2C752E2CEB421BB">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D23A08FC409605B99A2E3CD962AE3939" authority="(Tarbinsky 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Tarbinsky" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3A976868EC6E5E7A35736FC33C40CE01" italics="true">Eumodicogryllus chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1F8914B6FC033D64C0E0C91C6CFE7306" author="Tarbinsky" firstAuthor="Tarbinsky" refId="B145" refString="Tarbinsky S (1930) On some new and little-known Orthoptera from Palæarctic Asia. III. Konowia Zeitschrift fur systematische Insektenkunde 9. https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KON_9_0177-0190.pdf" url="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KON_9_0177-0190.pdf" year="1930">Tarbinsky 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, males. Neet, Socotra, 28 Oct 2010.
|
||||
<emphasis id="21C8ECE72D9A5E117160C6E116F4DB3F" bold="true">A</emphasis>
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||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="827607B7AC6582EB3A5B78E4E2BC99D2" bold="true">C.</emphasis>
|
||||
Habitus;
|
||||
<emphasis id="898751F4265D3802FC0C30DD2B49A527" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B494306F1BA4BEF21FC7DC73BBC275A8" bold="true">D.</emphasis>
|
||||
Head. The epistomal suture is visible (
|
||||
<emphasis id="EB9DCADB31CDFFED72EE33F5011BE45A" bold="true">D</emphasis>
|
||||
), showing a right angle and pointed apex between the antennae, characteristic of the genus. In the second specimen (
|
||||
<emphasis id="AE1EB8486E269A3AC09B3064BEA73537" bold="true">C, D</emphasis>
|
||||
), the colours have faded by ethanol.
|
||||
<emphasis id="D40479D7C2BDAEE3741968D7B85D7B1D" bold="true">A, B.</emphasis>
|
||||
SpRF 10 YE 025;
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||||
<emphasis id="DCB5E0634CE7F029DF87B58ADEEEA33D" bold="true">C, D.</emphasis>
|
||||
SpRF 10 YE 034. Scale bars: 2 mm (photographs Roy Kleukers, Luc Willemse).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8246EDBF31D2DAA1382149084850CDB5">
|
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The pseudepiphallus forms a curved plate with a distinct wedge-shaped notch in its posterior margin, giving it a bifurcated appearance. In the middle, it has a characteristic transverse fold. Its main lateral lobes are pointed apically (Fig.
|
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<figureCitation id="19B31C5262C12E6C2B05E7640A215CE5" captionStart="Figure 145" captionStartId="F145" captionText="Figure 145. Eumodicogryllus chivensis (Tarbinsky, 1930), phallic complex of male. Neet, Socotra, 28 Oct 2010. A. Dorsal view, anterior end on top; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view, anterior end on the left. Abbreviations: EctF: Ectophallic Fold; EndC: Endophallic Cavity; MLPs: Main Lobes of the Pseudepiphallus; PsP: Pseudepiphallic Parameres; R: Ramus; ScEEI.: Lateral Sclerotisation of the Epi-Ectophallic Invagination; SpRF 10 YE 034; Scale bar: 0.5 mm (photograph Rob Felix)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1281012">145</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="5A4CE641B79652AAD19098EDD264AE98" ID-arpha="8248707A-3A3A-50E0-A9AC-9CCF7DD8FBDF" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1281012" startId="F145">
|
||||
<paragraph id="869EE200CFEB7BC65E1AD4547C2BDF43">
|
||||
<label id="95CCCE51161F5F4DCDB55FF8BD276C98">Figure 145.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FEFD8FABE332F58C654C9E8087FC85B6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FCF9E076FE0CE40F859357E9C95EE938" authority="(Tarbinsky, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Tarbinsky" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="46B89B5BFBB081150095D04C9DB36D3F" italics="true">Eumodicogryllus chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="345DDD2E8627E3A2ADFD0925E53815AB" author="Tarbinsky S" refId="B145" refString="Tarbinsky S (1930) On some new and little-known Orthoptera from Palaearctic Asia. III. Konowia Zeitschrift fur systematische Insektenkunde 9. https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KON_9_0177-0190.pdf" url="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KON_9_0177-0190.pdf" year="1930">Tarbinsky, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, phallic complex of male. Neet, Socotra, 28 Oct 2010.
|
||||
<emphasis id="00CBC1BE8544C7A501AB0E124E21267A" bold="true">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
Dorsal view, anterior end on top;
|
||||
<emphasis id="665D777E3D86ADD8EC313DD168EF81BD" bold="true">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
Ventral view;
|
||||
<emphasis id="4352AB5684E36F231B1B011185E2D8DA" bold="true">C.</emphasis>
|
||||
Lateral view, anterior end on the left. Abbreviations: EctF: Ectophallic Fold;
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWILM" xlink_title="Endophallic Cavity">EndC</abbrev>
|
||||
: Endophallic Cavity;
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1ILM" xlink_title="Main Lobes of the Pseudepiphallus">MLPs</abbrev>
|
||||
: Main Lobes of the Pseudepiphallus;
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5ILM" xlink_title="Pseudepiphallic Parameres">PsP</abbrev>
|
||||
: Pseudepiphallic Parameres; R: Ramus;
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECJLM" xlink_title="Lateral Sclerotisation of the Epi-Ectophallic Invagination (“Endoparameres”)">ScEEI</abbrev>
|
||||
.: Lateral Sclerotisation of the Epi-Ectophallic Invagination; SpRF 10 YE 034; Scale bar: 0.5 mm (photograph Rob Felix).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F58E0CC07E54397811864D54DBBC87A1">
|
||||
We identified our specimens from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="847AA41CE2ADD28EDB3863BA99AC2140" name="Yemen">Socotra</collectingCountry>
|
||||
as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="69ACA9BBDC3D870C5F22971EB6D876C4" baseAuthorityName="Tarbinsky" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FFD771EB46FB0CFAA0A1550FD244AE87" italics="true">E. chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, based on its phallic structure (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2FB618B134B163A6AEF119ECC5927856" captionStart="Figure 145" captionStartId="F145" captionText="Figure 145. Eumodicogryllus chivensis (Tarbinsky, 1930), phallic complex of male. Neet, Socotra, 28 Oct 2010. A. Dorsal view, anterior end on top; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view, anterior end on the left. Abbreviations: EctF: Ectophallic Fold; EndC: Endophallic Cavity; MLPs: Main Lobes of the Pseudepiphallus; PsP: Pseudepiphallic Parameres; R: Ramus; ScEEI.: Lateral Sclerotisation of the Epi-Ectophallic Invagination; SpRF 10 YE 034; Scale bar: 0.5 mm (photograph Rob Felix)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1281012">145</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and head pattern by comparing the illustrations in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="047FC7335BDB602322175A52934E4746" author="Gorochov AV" firstAuthor="Gorochov" journalOrPublisher="Revue d’ Entomologie de l’ URSS" pagination="97-105" refId="B49" refString="Gorochov AV (1978) Crickets of the genera Tartarogryllus Tarb. and Modicogryllus Chop. (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) in Central Asia. Revue d’ Entomologie de l’ URSS 62: 97–105." title="Crickets of the genera Tartarogryllus Tarb. and Modicogryllus Chop. (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) in Central Asia." volume="62" year="1978">Gorochov (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. We also used the key in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5F9F75A382B955AD08B04DC95DE3781D" author="Gorochov AV" firstAuthor="Gorochov" journalOrPublisher="Revue d’ Entomologie de l’ URSS" pagination="97-105" refId="B49" refString="Gorochov AV (1978) Crickets of the genera Tartarogryllus Tarb. and Modicogryllus Chop. (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) in Central Asia. Revue d’ Entomologie de l’ URSS 62: 97–105." title="Crickets of the genera Tartarogryllus Tarb. and Modicogryllus Chop. (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) in Central Asia." volume="62" year="1978">Gorochov (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and the species description in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D8BAF1E2C6D8071011EC1FF919C7DBCB" author="Tarbinsky S" firstAuthor="Tarbinsky" refId="B145" refString="Tarbinsky S (1930) On some new and little-known Orthoptera from Palæarctic Asia. III. Konowia Zeitschrift fur systematische Insektenkunde 9. https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KON_9_0177-0190.pdf" url="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KON_9_0177-0190.pdf" year="1930">Tarbinsky (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Our specimens seem relatively small compared to the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="414D27705052D26D14CF75CB3DD5E470" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
, based on the morphometrics mentioned by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F012CD70DB6D5D5E0D8CA68A5C6BC43C" author="Tarbinsky S" firstAuthor="Tarbinsky" refId="B145" refString="Tarbinsky S (1930) On some new and little-known Orthoptera from Palæarctic Asia. III. Konowia Zeitschrift fur systematische Insektenkunde 9. https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KON_9_0177-0190.pdf" url="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KON_9_0177-0190.pdf" year="1930">Tarbinsky (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(Table
|
||||
<tableCitation id="F2DA3C08C1ED2B64A8167C06901FFEB3" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Morphometrics of male Eumodicogryllus chivensis (Tarbinksy, 1930). Measurements of the holotype are taken from the original species description." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F009722034222ECDD64A2F6DC3BD12B6" tableUuid="F009722034222ECDD64A2F6DC3BD12B6">5</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="F009722034222ECDD64A2F6DC3BD12B6" ID-Table-UUID="F009722034222ECDD64A2F6DC3BD12B6" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F009722034222ECDD64A2F6DC3BD12B6" startId="T5" targetIsTable="true">
|
||||
<paragraph id="56E103D5064FD4B1ACA40FE62F9247DA">
|
||||
<label id="1243BE8507C202B18CCAE789DE279BF7">Table 5.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E15AC7DA7F7CD3AFA3A5FD3D4ECC45C9">
|
||||
Morphometrics of male
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4E8C77E8EC79CE223DB2527B80CE20DC" authority="(Tarbinksy, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Tarbinksy" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6FBE6F8C1D0EB6F47F2593366F737AFE" italics="true">Eumodicogryllus chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Tarbinksy, 1930)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Measurements of the holotype are taken from the original species description.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="59D4A0BF1FB68D38C545F7FD21154ABE">
|
||||
<table id="TID0E6CJM" rules="all">
|
||||
<tbody id="98A9FCDCAD240CD1AF22A57F6291AEFF">
|
||||
<tr id="7301C872875FDC3B75F20DB4BAC3BEBD">
|
||||
<th id="244530DDBCF7DE5C6719775C1C9FFBA2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Parameters</th>
|
||||
<th id="5A916ACF6BE8252B7E9909357648D680" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Male holotype</th>
|
||||
<th id="B2B1E041BBA493041849359F903F137B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Male Socotra (n = 2)</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="B651412B29F4DF54133FD7759BB80B8C">
|
||||
<td id="B1F63D9C47E168A9BC4E7B3C231B0959" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Total length (frons – subgenital plate)</td>
|
||||
<td id="C965528FCF885E097D50DD3488293E34" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12.0 mm</td>
|
||||
<td id="65FE7A1B7A2B48809FA1A4CA1CEFEFC5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9.2–9.5 mm</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="84DA2E7C389911E3D5C1B3B0C5E83F32">
|
||||
<td id="09D84E98CF3E0F47C427C4C45DBB845F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Length hind femur</td>
|
||||
<td id="9B1131AFCDB1D61CD1113CCBC7C1DDBB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.3 mm</td>
|
||||
<td id="C8E5857D79212A03BDA6F85FFE517731" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5.7–6.3 mm</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E978C6543881C02C8B57BC2F2F2B4D7D">
|
||||
<td id="6D83104A911AD9EF8ABD7E46930F01C2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Length pronotum</td>
|
||||
<td id="41EFC9C15539A4D2489B5A442602271B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.1 mm</td>
|
||||
<td id="6AD6AE1274AD387248A0A9F50A2FB45F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.7–1.8 mm</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="3F3A73DBBDBD5B4EC1521FAD3397F96A">
|
||||
<td id="17367FC7EC154D42149D6A522CFE23A3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Length tegmen</td>
|
||||
<td id="2C8578A32EF0EC4A68CB0D44CE01107C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.0 mm</td>
|
||||
<td id="59E2B0445192236FEEB647EA27910D43" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5.0–5.2 mm</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2NLM" type="Taxonomic notes">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1FD0B092F1B6EF6790E58A58F014A7C7">
|
||||
<heading id="1562088BD72404CE3C05C5C4679781D6" reason="title">Taxonomic notes.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1AC610E5961208C6E37249FB286D3E3C">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="22BDE98E395EB447E240E7CC506820C3" author="Tarbinsky S" firstAuthor="Tarbinsky" refId="B145" refString="Tarbinsky S (1930) On some new and little-known Orthoptera from Palæarctic Asia. III. Konowia Zeitschrift fur systematische Insektenkunde 9. https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KON_9_0177-0190.pdf" url="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KON_9_0177-0190.pdf" year="1930">Tarbinsky (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CE6FCC379336105E947A5DA8116C77B9" authorityName="Tarbinsky" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E90FE49E0B51FE25041B020DA6F44D2C" italics="true">Gryllus chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as follows: “
|
||||
<emphasis id="8802B864182235B3485D8D40BCCA5959" italics="true">Lower part of face distinctly rounded in profile; lower frontal margin forms a strongly angularly inflexed line; frons under the middle ocellus with transverse brown spot separated from the other, upper, brownish part of the head, by a yellow stripe, very narrow in the middle. Occiput with indistinct narrow longitudinal yellow stripes. Lateral lobes of the pronotum with a short brown stripe reaching neither the hind nor the anterior margins. Tegmina of males and females are unicolourous; in females, they are one and a half times longer than the pronotum with a roundly prominent apex. The apex is somewhat tapering in males, with a broad apical field. Ovipositor longer than hind femora</emphasis>
|
||||
”.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4B607BA8E7C7E2B7CFBE8F5E5D78D0E3">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B3FC7C647DA8DAB8B352670B2BDDAC4F" author="Chopard L" firstAuthor="Chopard" journalOrPublisher="EOS Revista Española de Entomologia" pagination="267-287" refId="B21" refString="Chopard L (1961) Les divisions du genre Gryllus basees sur l’étude de l’appareil copulateur (Orth. Gryllidae). EOS Revista Española de Entomologia 37: 267–287." title="Les divisions du genre Gryllus basees sur l’étude de l’appareil copulateur (Orth. Gryllidae)." volume="37" year="1961">Chopard (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
moved
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BC10EF2E799173B00BA7F48A5DB02A8A" authority="Tarbinsky, 1930" authorityName="Tarbinsky" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8C27F95ABC0C3C3B91D944DAD50C0ED" italics="true">Gryllus chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="563043BD927A4E7773E3EB75A899CE6E" author="Tarbinsky S" refId="B145" refString="Tarbinsky S (1930) On some new and little-known Orthoptera from Palaearctic Asia. III. Konowia Zeitschrift fur systematische Insektenkunde 9. https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KON_9_0177-0190.pdf" url="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KON_9_0177-0190.pdf" year="1930">Tarbinsky, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, amongst many other taxa, to his newly-erected genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="01CD99926729AEC0ACEB0D89031E068D" authority="Chopard, 1961" authorityName="Chopard" authorityYear="1961" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Modicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5C1559BDBDC9EDCC7B5DECCB01879984" italics="true">Modicogryllus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6B18F58C8E75868D7400F5C4260058AD" author="Chopard L" journalOrPublisher="EOS Revista Española de Entomologia" pagination="267-287" refId="B21" refString="Chopard L (1961) Les divisions du genre Gryllus basees sur l'etude de l'appareil copulateur (Orth. Gryllidae). EOS Revista Espanola de Entomologia 37: 267-287." title="Les divisions du genre Gryllus basees sur l’étude de l’appareil copulateur (Orth. Gryllidae)." volume="37" year="1961">Chopard, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C994871FCDF4B4374B8EDF20558277A" author="Gorochov AV" firstAuthor="Gorochov" journalOrPublisher="Revue d’ Entomologie de l’ URSS" pagination="97-105" refId="B49" refString="Gorochov AV (1978) Crickets of the genera Tartarogryllus Tarb. and Modicogryllus Chop. (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) in Central Asia. Revue d’ Entomologie de l’ URSS 62: 97–105." title="Crickets of the genera Tartarogryllus Tarb. and Modicogryllus Chop. (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) in Central Asia." volume="62" year="1978">Gorochov (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
distinguished three groups within this genus, based on the shape of the male genitalia and the curvation of the epistomal suture. One group was formed by
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0BDAF5BB7F09765268165151144BF87F" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Modicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordigalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BA46FA8355725484B5BE33BB8076BE78" italics="true">M. bordigalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9CA2806818C34E4AC2EDE0F3228658E5" authorityName="Tarbinsky" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5DFD9D23C85A1B540BF079DF37CFE4A4" italics="true">M. chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, for which
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0111C8EB2D3555B95F74B47108D3D9AD" author="Gorochov AV" firstAuthor="Gorochov" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Leningrad" pagination="3-15" refId="B50" refString="Gorochov AV (1986) New and little known crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea) from Central Asia and adjacent territories. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Leningrad 140: 3–15." title="New and little known crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea) from Central Asia and adjacent territories." volume="140" year="1986">Gorochov (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
later erected the subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="512676F1E0FC5511D80228065C7DDCC7" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2E142203225577EB40906E7A0A46E816" italics="true">Eumodicogryllus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, designating
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FC0D8C554FA45455D91BDCC6DBCFF8FF" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Modicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordigalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2AA9D31B8349AFDD8FEE8D7F4EE2C2A9" italics="true">M. bordigalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as the type species. In 1993, Gorochov elevated
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="02BED60E7BE094AC32355703F4DCD46A" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AFD879E67CE960BF01B2F08A1DE8E703" italics="true">Eumodicogryllus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to the genus level without further explanation, which was noted and subsequently accepted by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA5AB56D58B64312FA2CD039488C75D7" author="Coray A & Lehmann A" firstAuthor="Coray" refId="B25" refString="Coray A, Lehmann A (1998) Taxonomie der Heuschrecken Deutschlands (Orthoptera): Formale Aspekte der wissenschaftlichen Namen. Articulata Beiheft: 63–152." year="1998">Coray and Lehmann (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C9BFA0CCFC59436786BAA742A8B36EDC">
|
||||
The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="70820DC704496A2A2FBB0C6C89981B02" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="418D8204882DAE07C7434EC0B40756C6" italics="true">Eumodicogryllus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
contains five species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0104DB69F510DC2EC9F42C46E30F4229" author="Cigliano MM & Braun H & Eades HC & Otte D" refId="B23" refString="Cigliano MM, Braun H, Eades HC, Otte D (2024 a) Orthoptera Species File. [Retrieved on 2024-11 - 08 at] http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org" url="http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org">Cigliano et al. 2024 a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
):
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="73BD1D923DA55A812F4E23F22F90F3D7" authority="(Latreille, 1804)" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Modicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordigalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="52F230D1E3F254DB4B3636F22D39DBB0" italics="true">E. bordigalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Latreille, 1804)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C44F3012DC3691A30D33086B51650A52" authority="(Weber, 1801)" baseAuthorityName="Weber" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1D1ED1F98B3DC8083ECA1F039E9C1378" italics="true">E. chinensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Weber, 1801)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FBAF8EC0AD7CDBECD1A88F9D0DBB75B" authorityName="Tarbinsky" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3E481F9127BF70CB7C3032BDB3304F87" italics="true">E. chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="36805DCE86098EF801EAD79D2826F4D3" authority="(Chopard, 1943)" baseAuthorityName="Chopard" baseAuthorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theryi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D0FC3146A03B898D6C7F07CD061F6402" italics="true">E. theryi</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CE3D3ED6EFA12D7C3934B7FE663FBC3D" author="Chopard L" journalOrPublisher="Libraire Larose, Paris" refId="B19" refString="Chopard L (1943) Orthopteroides de l'Afrique du Nord. Libraire Larose, Paris, 450 pp." title="Orthoptèroïdes de l’Afrique du Nord." year="1943">Chopard, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="712D4099B97DF01D9F3DAFC9C2E71F20" authority="(Chopard, 1968)" baseAuthorityName="Chopard" baseAuthorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="753CF40F91F08EE03F2B371868FEA50A" italics="true">E. vicinus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Chopard, 1968)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A87A54CA9454A27AA1FF61B8A1A43233">
|
||||
Recently,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D044638F3C53835465BF3D343DD864FE" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4990.2.2" author="Ma L & Zheng Y & Qiao M" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ma" refId="B98" refString="Ma L, Zheng Y, Qiao M (2021) Revision of Chinese crickets of the tribe Modicogryllini Otte & Alexander, 1983 with notes on relevant taxa (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Gryllinae). Zootaxa 4990. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4990.2.2" year="2021">Ma et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
erroneously synonymised
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="821D80D2C84A492F90178609B6CE5092" authorityName="Tarbinsky" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1F0B6CB906ADE311AF49E6915CA484A9" italics="true">E. chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6BFD97F313F23A9D9E5213076538166F" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Modicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordigalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="68A6D90549DC03745AE1AD8B337250E1" italics="true">E. bordigalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E3F01AEE80141493FEADACA798FC56E0" baseAuthorityName="Weber" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="632994179B2E870BF261DDF176D1CF32" italics="true">E. chinensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. They stated that
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B75FAFD6C1379A1E49F3A376DDAC0D47" author="Chopard L" firstAuthor="Chopard" journalOrPublisher="Junk, ’ s-Gravenhage" refId="B22" refString="Chopard L (1967) Gryllides. Fam. Gryllidae; Subfam. Gryllinae (Trib. Grymnogryllini, Gryllini, Gryllomorphini, Nemobiini). Uitgeverij Dr. W. Junk, ’ s-Gravenhage, 211 pp." title="Gryllides. Fam. Gryllidae; Subfam. Gryllinae (Trib. Grymnogryllini, Gryllini, Gryllomorphini, Nemobiini). Uitgeverij Dr. W." year="1967">Chopard (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
made a mistake when synonymising
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A49E46CED40F0FFC553D3F19F3CAC3D6" baseAuthorityName="Weber" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="407EE11E8DA6F922A986374A4115F77A" italics="true">E. chinensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A44ADB38AD97BDC2B2DC1495A56561B2" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Modicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordigalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="145C974E705A026A3B3F05228A7F901C" italics="true">E. bordigalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and claimed that, based on the principle of priority, the senior synonym should be
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B805B70B42EC443AF906D433D43A8751" baseAuthorityName="Weber" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5D2DAD22F7B52D9B4791D5B6CA8E632E" italics="true">E. chinensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
instead of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FA0579C3F19DF51F91F0CE1145738A56" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Modicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordigalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="08A4DAD7D8F51D94807B9CFA1E864A8D" italics="true">E. bordigalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FB4857861FF036BBAB8F5442071C10EB">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="11C80FC05BAF397DE94D7EF2BCCF1616" author="Chopard L" firstAuthor="Chopard" journalOrPublisher="Junk, ’ s-Gravenhage" refId="B22" refString="Chopard L (1967) Gryllides. Fam. Gryllidae; Subfam. Gryllinae (Trib. Grymnogryllini, Gryllini, Gryllomorphini, Nemobiini). Uitgeverij Dr. W. Junk, ’ s-Gravenhage, 211 pp." title="Gryllides. Fam. Gryllidae; Subfam. Gryllinae (Trib. Grymnogryllini, Gryllini, Gryllomorphini, Nemobiini). Uitgeverij Dr. W." year="1967">Chopard (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, however, did not synonymise
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="12BAA57702DC11181850C1FD666A5673" baseAuthorityName="Weber" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C93369245EE4BA7E67DE48E77D73C8F4" italics="true">E. chinensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9D1EE721A710148C54250B888BE467AF" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Modicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordigalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="565118B4614749E836A126489406960B" italics="true">E. bordigalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. He only considered the specimens formerly identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="81DBBE2C0149CF8D44C317B295B2DFF5" baseAuthorityName="Weber" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="14BAB18824F08902B2F3E2B05A510EB9" italics="true">chinensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by several authors as belonging to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7C7F0EF2217553FED490B1C9DFDA0C15" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Modicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordigalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6F77864366606F1562D0B398F76504F1" italics="true">E. bordigalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. He kept
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D73B9FDD6309BA30C55032DE47FB749D" baseAuthorityName="Weber" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="598EE1DD1E387BBCACF18853806626F3" italics="true">E. chinensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a valid species by mentioning
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="36A67297FE02097497D748769D5820A7" baseAuthorityName="Weber" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||||
“
|
||||
<emphasis id="8136E417879081EC7C49C196F60783A0" italics="true">chinensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA79048C51817F8C22D85FC271877EAE" italics="true">nec</emphasis>
|
||||
Weber) ”.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="48FAF35854AFA80ABDFA10238E663BD2" DOI="10.1007/978-94-017-2511-8" author="Harz K" firstAuthor="Harz" refId="B60" refString="Harz K (1969) Die Orthopteren Europas I. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2511-8" year="1969">
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="07ED1370403E885284771D19B608AE74" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah">Harz</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(1969)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
agreed on this.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="67EF0BA8DC625B968A62D48034926C5A">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CF789BEC4B9537A4C99D3564115EA767" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4990.2.2" author="Ma L & Zheng Y & Qiao M" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ma" refId="B98" refString="Ma L, Zheng Y, Qiao M (2021) Revision of Chinese crickets of the tribe Modicogryllini Otte & Alexander, 1983 with notes on relevant taxa (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Gryllinae). Zootaxa 4990. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4990.2.2" year="2021">Ma et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
synonymised
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0300137BED269A48BCC15F1E3B2A2CBF" authorityName="Tarbinsky" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5860E3040DBEBF3ACF7FDE0EA6D0E5D9" italics="true">E. chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8AABA2A9A5AB4F121F0B40CE128EDD24" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Modicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordigalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AED2059EBFFC34F152C87A39A11E3A47" italics="true">E. bordigalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
mainly because they found “
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="242DC89388BB9E6DC707202DCCC1EF16" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Modicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordigalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D7ABDE7996FEFF403521D5251BE872D1" italics="true">E. bordigalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="55A3B607CF3001FDF95E311DB8D33F7E" authorityName="Tarbinsky" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="23AB5662A9EAA7A00B143A729B1DDB26" italics="true">E. chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to be very similar ”. They referred to the illustrations of the phallic structure of both species in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9A750C7320AA41B57B1D30D2D71222C5" author="Gorochov AV" firstAuthor="Gorochov" journalOrPublisher="Revue d’ Entomologie de l’ URSS" pagination="97-105" refId="B49" refString="Gorochov AV (1978) Crickets of the genera Tartarogryllus Tarb. and Modicogryllus Chop. (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) in Central Asia. Revue d’ Entomologie de l’ URSS 62: 97–105." title="Crickets of the genera Tartarogryllus Tarb. and Modicogryllus Chop. (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) in Central Asia." volume="62" year="1978">Gorochov (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. They stated they “ could find those
|
||||
<specimenCount id="E48F5D81BC83866C9C52B7C751D4F8AD" count="2" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||||
of male genitalia in specimens collected in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="4540DB9842A1CDED56A5772309900811" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
”. These arguments are too weak for synonymising two species widely accepted for decennia and
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EE1LM" xlink_title="Orthoptera Species File">OSF</abbrev>
|
||||
does not accept this proposed synonymy (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A2BCB9686657EA16923B6D7DE8BCD953" author="Cigliano MM & Braun H & Eades HC & Otte D" refId="B23" refString="Cigliano MM, Braun H, Eades HC, Otte D (2024 a) Orthoptera Species File. [Retrieved on 2024-11 - 08 at] http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org" url="http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org">Cigliano et al. 2024 a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F49CDE92A6B94C3EEED1A785400749E4">
|
||||
We compared the male genitalia of a specimen from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E480E78C87E255A0AABA831C5B717E7" name="Yemen">Socotra</collectingCountry>
|
||||
with a specimen of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="24482DA4AF33626A9C71D0C428082122" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Modicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordigalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EFBC1662C357F8AE64BA5D9789F86C7D" italics="true">E. bordigalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="9E4C45A193B45912C24DC0E11D9B2AB3" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and found several differences. The phallic structure of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B415187EE7817DEFF25F0BFD45D26ABC" authorityName="Tarbinsky" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6D2A1B47FEF9B40AB6A2BEF3028E36E7" italics="true">E. chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="FEBEBE81C8D757C95EABB0D435464A0B" name="Yemen">Socotra</collectingCountry>
|
||||
is much smaller than the one from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="66626BDC74B9294505EE6B3B9FB578DC" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Modicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordigalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F65C92F44CBF65B0D2D66E6F0E1424F4" italics="true">E. bordigalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with a width of the pseudepiphallus of
|
||||
<quantity id="006AC6B622E3562C72E8A3976F4EE387" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||||
and 1.0 mm, respectively. There is also a difference in the shape of the pseudepiphallus. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50870378E930A8B7214981BA0E63CEB5" authorityName="Tarbinsky" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="33ACBB55A007F81E9063660383155827" italics="true">E. chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the wedge-shaped notch in the posterior margin of the pseudepiphallus is more profound and broader than in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="05D723A37B11E8CB40FF8490C8BBFABC" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Modicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordigalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="209A7FFBEBEC2F80851738B1B5BB2A3A" italics="true">E. bordigalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; as a result, the mean (lateral) lobes of the pseudepiphallus are more slender, corresponding to the illustration in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3A19C3FDD3F2BA404D13F6121BCF9BD2" author="Gorochov AV" firstAuthor="Gorochov" journalOrPublisher="Revue d’ Entomologie de l’ URSS" pagination="97-105" refId="B49" refString="Gorochov AV (1978) Crickets of the genera Tartarogryllus Tarb. and Modicogryllus Chop. (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) in Central Asia. Revue d’ Entomologie de l’ URSS 62: 97–105." title="Crickets of the genera Tartarogryllus Tarb. and Modicogryllus Chop. (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) in Central Asia." volume="62" year="1978">Gorochov (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Finally, the songs of both species differ.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJ3LM" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B30BBF59D5B7AD69BEAD737B3DAACF4A">
|
||||
<heading id="1CF8BC8DC2BD610EE9FB5CD77DA625E8" reason="title">Distribution and occurrence.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9A1E2AE423D5E4AF9A05848840C66E74">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="47D4B7DA2F389E4BD4F6EAA29DB7F71C" authorityName="Tarbinsky" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="24008B0F34121E7E6D9A553A72CCFCD1" italics="true">E. chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described from Ak-Mechet, near Khiva, in modern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0D48B90C34759737DE8838B1D4DCBA44" name="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(not Khazachstan as indicated by
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E13LM" xlink_title="Orthoptera Species File">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="64BDCEE73CC49391FD6FFDF3D4368BC0">OSF</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
). It is known from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="4BAFB69523D77058BCB47CE78ABCA330" name="Oman">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="AC8BAF1C53E7966CA34541F8CC756675" name="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="18A925CB1D99E3CEB7A2B38C5003410F" author="Gorochov" firstAuthor="Gorochov" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Saudi Arabia" pagination="79-97" refId="B51" refString="Gorochov AV (1993) Grylloidea (Orthoptera) of Saudi Arabia and adjacent countries. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 13: 79–97." title="Grylloidea (Orthoptera) of Saudi Arabia and adjacent countries." volume="13" year="1993">Gorochov 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="32D436A1962DFC23276FEAE14568CBDD" name="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B2A0616CE390648F006C952057E1060B" author="Gorochov" firstAuthor="Gorochov" refId="B52" refString="Gorochov AV (2017) Order Orthoptera, superfamily Grylloidea. In: Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Department of The President’s Affairs, United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi, 21–35." year="2017">Gorochov 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="050020A8D480825DBD98F65ABB75307A" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="63EB5A84A43D840D14AF1174077D3F88" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4990.2.2" author="Ma" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ma" refId="B98" refString="Ma L, Zheng Y, Qiao M (2021) Revision of Chinese crickets of the tribe Modicogryllini Otte & Alexander, 1983 with notes on relevant taxa (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Gryllinae). Zootaxa 4990. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4990.2.2" year="2021">Ma et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). It is new for
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0A5FBB0C749FDE8A4ED7131562E7CC30" name="Yemen">Socotra</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and is only known from
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9721FA48CD544DDEFCCB9DF0CC1CE398" count="3" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
at Neet (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D8DB0AA1E1C58C65F2DFD191B7B937B1" captionStart="Figure 146" captionStartId="F146" captionText="Figure 146. Distribution of Eumodicogryllus chivensis (Tarbinksy, 1930) in the Socotra Archipelago." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1281013">146</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="A3D7FAF25516CA4CCE4018593F09C538" ID-arpha="93927E34-2DC9-5898-8E42-E4D5435C5DC0" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1281013" startId="F146">
|
||||
<paragraph id="67FBCDE6BE11CD8340B733EE2E6047B1">
|
||||
<label id="B1B5661820FD8E8B4A6C9DA048ADC774">Figure 146.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9F27FC5B96DC01DEEB0C60E02C2AA553">
|
||||
Distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F12024F5635E72E1FBBEE2EED18455BF" authority="(Tarbinksy, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Tarbinksy" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="137E5D217BA32F85EBDC66AA5B80BD3C" italics="true">Eumodicogryllus chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Tarbinksy, 1930)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the Socotra Archipelago.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EG5LM" type="biology|habitat">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2FCBCD90AA5E278393D8C0238C3DE6D4">
|
||||
<heading id="96CA546EC4E1AF938A101539E767FF75" reason="title">Habitat and biology.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4CCDA8790A43468C9AD32251A9B4B43C">
|
||||
In Central Asia,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0EC2268A56F7322BF0D74EE2692BF872" baseAuthorityName="Tarbinksy" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="00ACDBA40B1AD0B6144FF3D2ED9D44A1" italics="true">E. chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
occurs in semi-deserts near salt lakes (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1EFCE56BC7E7DD2FEC2C9C13897DFF2D" author="Gorochov" firstAuthor="Gorochov" refId="B52" refString="Gorochov AV (2017) Order Orthoptera, superfamily Grylloidea. In: Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Department of The President’s Affairs, United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi, 21–35." year="2017">Gorochov 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). On
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="6EA46153D75FC68EEB5115A51A2FF1E4" name="Yemen">Socotra</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, it was found in a sandy habitat with salt marsh vegetation behind the first row of dunes at
|
||||
<quantity id="878D8B22EB497044C7C171F4B7555D6D" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||||
a. s. l. (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1D4CB74D3438D791258615A494D54F5B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Salt marsh with Arthrocnemum macrostachyum and Aerva javanica. The salt marsh, separated by a coastal dune with Urochondra setulosa, is the typical habitat of Heteracris adspersa. Neet, Socotra, 28 Oct 2010 (photograph Rob Felix)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1280862">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The crickets were calling from the entrances of small holes in the ground.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E65LM" type="Bioacoustics">
|
||||
<paragraph id="24956AEAA3E1EB467361B2E43DD4BDF1">
|
||||
<heading id="0D6D52C009AED9CFFA6539F9C2F5BC14" reason="title">Bioacoustics.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="50BCA4A026A43B03A4F3BA12D61395F8">
|
||||
The calling song of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="99A7A28A580091EB97039A825DA50F0D" baseAuthorityName="Tarbinksy" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="16469D028E9D2474E72F4F3B366F00F9" italics="true">Eumodicogryllus chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is an echeme, repeated at the rate of about 3–4 per second, lasting 70–120 ms, produced in continuous series or broken up in groups of 2–15 (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AE3A8F12364959AB8542801D0D4BF0B6" captionStart="Figure 147" captionStartId="F147" captionText="Figure 147. Calling song of Eumodicogryllus chivensis (Tarbinksy, 1930). Oscillograms (A, B) and spectrogram (C) depicting 10 s (A), 500 ms (B) and 2 s (C). Neet, Socotra, 28 Oct 2010, 20: 39 h; RecRF 10118; SpRF 10 YE 034; XC 877946, accessible at https://www.xeno-canto.org/877946." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1281014">147 A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Echemes consist of 9–11 syllables of more or less equal duration, repeated at 110–120 per second (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="45CD357A38237248C84E858F6776F227" captionStart="Figure 147" captionStartId="F147" captionText="Figure 147. Calling song of Eumodicogryllus chivensis (Tarbinksy, 1930). Oscillograms (A, B) and spectrogram (C) depicting 10 s (A), 500 ms (B) and 2 s (C). Neet, Socotra, 28 Oct 2010, 20: 39 h; RecRF 10118; SpRF 10 YE 034; XC 877946, accessible at https://www.xeno-canto.org/877946." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1281014">147 B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Usually, the first one or two syllables are quieter and are repeated at a lower rate. The carrier frequency of the song is around 7.7–8.0 kHz and the song has few harmonics at higher frequencies (
|
||||
<ext-link id="8E7891248940FA6B7AE21FB8ED8AFE0E" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="https://www.xeno-canto.org/877946" xlink_type="simple">https://www.xeno-canto.org/877946</ext-link>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="9787E7AD379517424785469CBC68AC65" ID-arpha="81322820-BD26-58A1-9F77-3C139B43F731" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1281014" startId="F147">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3FE9A9D7A69D2B83782DDCAE9088CC91">
|
||||
<label id="63F31E8185748795AB4F4AE6A23E6CF5">Figure 147.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="91B101D91B0D4D117CD826C490F3CF52">
|
||||
Calling song of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="246380BF3641705F0BEBF972BFF43870" authority="(Tarbinksy, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Tarbinksy" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Eumodicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chivensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="991FB4396D2F955920249C94D47E5A27" italics="true">Eumodicogryllus chivensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Tarbinksy, 1930)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Oscillograms (
|
||||
<emphasis id="0B13A51329DA1861077B4F837CA7F1F9" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
) and spectrogram (
|
||||
<emphasis id="6B1B54C8F17B979A1E94991D62EE02F0" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||||
) depicting 10 s (
|
||||
<emphasis id="56C930F8C5B9A74E33EBE2BE08037C5E" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||||
), 500 ms (
|
||||
<emphasis id="5D000F7D2187F10BE6F45D2BD317228D" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||||
) and 2 s (
|
||||
<emphasis id="706FABC263E4BE5B7EE4684861FC1C22" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||||
). Neet, Socotra, 28 Oct 2010, 20: 39 h; RecRF 10118; SpRF 10 YE 034; XC 877946, accessible at
|
||||
<ext-link id="38F0447FA14E94664C4907DAC6B2DE71" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="https://www.xeno-canto.org/877946" xlink_type="simple">https://www.xeno-canto.org/877946</ext-link>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BEECFF4C7A94D67AD2501C93EA368433">
|
||||
The song is markedly different from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DE02C6C2180054108B9A87A95DECBC31" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Modicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordigalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3987A8F06F7AF6780E29A6BC15378EA7" italics="true">E. bordigalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, as the song of that species has echemes with 14–20 syllables repeated at about 40–60 per second. Additionally, the carrier frequency in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="96529117AB8238103C51B83F2DF06F55" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Modicogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordigalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="703F66B79FDDBC4C731314B45C09F7D3" italics="true">E. bordigalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is much lower (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C0C839781A9E2F6E027CDD248E89F299" DOI="10.1163/9789004632189" author="Ragge and Reynolds" firstAuthor="Ragge" journalOrPublisher="Harley Books, Colchester" refId="B129" refString="Ragge D, Reynolds W (1998) The Songs of the Grasshoppers and Crickets of Western Europe. Harley Books, Colchester, 591 pp. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004632189" title="The Songs of the Grasshoppers and Crickets of Western Europe." year="1998">Ragge and Reynolds 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
248
data/CF/9E/1E/CF9E1ECCB729521DB6F4FC0F1461EF2F.xml
Normal file
248
data/CF/9E/1E/CF9E1ECCB729521DB6F4FC0F1461EF2F.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="F3C7E79393010C5B2122A87498BED509">The grasshoppers and crickets (Orthoptera) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): a comprehensive overview and a description of a new Oecanthus Tree Cricket (Oecanthidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CF9E1ECCB729521DB6F4FC0F1461EF2F" ID-arpha="CF9E1ECC-B729-521D-B6F4-FC0F1461EF2F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CF9E1ECCB729521DB6F4FC0F1461EF2F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF9E1ECCB729521DB6F4FC0F1461EF2F" scope_family="Tetrigidae" scope_order="Orthoptera" scope_subFamily="Tetriginae" scope_subOrder="Caelifera" scope_superFamily="Tetrigoidea">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="932455C73374CFC28611CDC449E0A231" type="nomenclature">
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="82B4E5214A167C569C35D9CEF5B7F18C" ID-CoL="4DF4X" authority="(Walker, 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Paratettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpustulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="94EE4A943C185D8E4A4D5B28E1155653" italics="true">Paratettix subpustulatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Walker, 1871)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9971CBED84272D278DF762953EF8050E" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="01D3099312F6D95218C89ABF05352EDD">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3F7865A2C06A561C0478D498AB2EB8C0" captionStart="Figure 130" captionStartId="F130" captionText="Figure 130. Paratettix subpustulatus (Walker, 1871), female. Adho Dimello, Socotra, 30 Oct 2010 (photograph Robert Ketelaar)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1280996">Figs 130</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3F856BDA46ACC87515288A45CD603DEB" captionStart="Figure 131" captionStartId="F131" captionText="Figure 131. Distribution of Paratettix subpustulatus (Walker, 1871) in the Socotra Archipelago." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1280997">131</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E5RJM" type="References for Socotra">
|
||||
<paragraph id="32E00C4964A913A10EA4C9F81A557B3E">
|
||||
<heading id="50F90FB8DD35AEF0DDB95E6030125C87" reason="title">
|
||||
References for
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="3E4FC6F5871BC2980684485A9F580F8F" name="Yemen">Socotra</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2C2C2E152CA5E87934ECC1A94AB60D04">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="24434B6B3BF00A911E7B97CB47033CD3" author="Krauss H" firstAuthor="Krauss" journalOrPublisher="Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse" page="17" pagination="1-30" refId="B95" refString="Krauss H (1907) Orthopteren aus Südarabien und von der Insel Sokótra. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 71: 1–30." title="Orthopteren aus Südarabien und von der Insel Sokótra. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften." volume="71" year="1907">Krauss 1907: 17</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, 18, 29 [as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="69CF50F50E444959ACFFDD7768945C8A" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Paratettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scaber">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E18E20FCE4E8C5431E3553358396452D" italics="true">Paratettix scaber</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
]; Uvarov (in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BA359FF2D705767ED14BF5F0CB27B9F1" DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1957.tb01558.x" author="Uvarov B & Popov G" firstAuthor="Uvarov" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pagination="359-389" refId="B156" refString="Uvarov B, Popov G (1957) The saltatorial Orthoptera of Socotra. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 43: 359–389. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1957.tb01558.x" title="The saltatorial Orthoptera of Socotra." volume="43" year="1957">Uvarov and Popov (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
): 366 [as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FAD61FD1762D8C41A1A13FA83526D889" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Paratettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2AD1C3E62974695D9F5D6C0E72483534" italics="true">Paratettix</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
];
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0539B47F059C6CF72957C1049C50F960" author="Wranik W" firstAuthor="Wranik" journalOrPublisher="Universität Rostock, Rostock" page="318" refId="B164" refString="Wranik W (2003) Fauna of the Socotra Archipelago. Field Guide. Universität Rostock, Rostock, 540 pp." title="Fauna of the Socotra Archipelago. Field Guide." year="2003">Wranik 2003: 318</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, plate 154 [as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="306C78B5493D1A65123276ECE55EF5E8" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Paratettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CA7464F6E57D6183CA64F28BF4EA66AF" italics="true">Paratettix</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
];
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="30525D9D97D6268FBF388A928C989428" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2132.1.3" author="Massa B" firstAuthor="Massa" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" page="55 - 56" pagination="53-64" refId="B99" refString="Massa B (2009) New and less known Orthoptera (Insecta) from the island of Socotra (Yemen). Zootaxa 2132: 53–64. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2132.1.3" title="New and less known Orthoptera (Insecta) from the island of Socotra (Yemen)." volume="2132" year="2009">Massa 2009: 55–56</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="72D0A0FE4C51A0F0A86EDEF717C40AB6" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5285.3.4" author="Devriese H & Nguyen E & Husemann M" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Devriese" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" page="524 - 526" pagination="511-556" refId="B38" refString="Devriese H, Nguyen E, Husemann M (2023) An identification key to the genera and species of Afrotropical Tetrigini (genera Paratettix, Leptacrydium, Hedotettix, Rectitettix nov. gen., and Alienitettix nov. gen.) with general remarks on the taxonomy of Tetrigini (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). Zootaxa 5285: 511–556. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5285.3.4" title="An identification key to the genera and species of Afrotropical Tetrigini (genera Paratettix, Leptacrydium, Hedotettix, Rectitettix nov. gen., and Alienitettix nov. gen.) with general remarks on the taxonomy of Tetrigini (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae)." volume="5285" year="2023">Devriese et al. 2023: 524–526</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERTJM" type="Diagnostic notes">
|
||||
<paragraph id="18C35440A2C46D3269BC49E291576877">
|
||||
<heading id="A509C39BC78F8F107D15CC378788E2D7" reason="title">Diagnostic notes.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C1DEFAFA5570FE01B010215FAD1877D4">
|
||||
Members of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F0057A7E1F8A66F7ED02A0444B59F3C" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tetrigidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are amongst the smallest grasshoppers in the world. A long and pointed projection of the pronotum covers their abdomen. Tegmina are reduced to small, scale-like structures placed on the side of the body, while the hind wings are fully developed and can be very long, even projecting beyond the apex of the pronotum (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4E70CA82F358E09CB2368C999876DC27" captionStart="Figure 130" captionStartId="F130" captionText="Figure 130. Paratettix subpustulatus (Walker, 1871), female. Adho Dimello, Socotra, 30 Oct 2010 (photograph Robert Ketelaar)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1280996">130</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Nymphs can be separated from adults by the absence of tegmina and an uninterrupted keel over the hind femora at the knee level.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="F5E403691172E8014923A1E341DF0F2A" ID-arpha="DE6DA4FA-2446-5439-A84A-D4E18249B951" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1280996" startId="F130">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D758C2ABB6962505C18543859A5585F5">
|
||||
<label id="64F841BEBFB2BB3F99508351459C8CFB">Figure 130.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0854E27F8F3585897A1E82A27E578EDD">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C7DCC85D5BB8B18AA837A31AC957BBF3" authority="(Walker, 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Paratettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpustulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D3794ED762CDC7AD4DE85355117E6B82" italics="true">Paratettix subpustulatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Walker, 1871)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, female. Adho Dimello, Socotra, 30 Oct 2010 (photograph Robert Ketelaar).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DE9CA902D6F3FE039E62892B08BFF8E8">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="42B140E454BEE5E9AC00951C1CDFC807">
|
||||
<emphasis id="510A5668F0E6697C64970A2B4E8E69F1" italics="true">Paratettix</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are characterised by a median carina of the pronotum ending just before it reaches the anterior margin of the pronotum. So far,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="29920A6A6FD6EBAAFFC8152875B64067" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Paratettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpustulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1F9ED0B9933A3118644199F4624D56C4" italics="true">Paratettix subpustulatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is the only tetrigid that occurs in the Archipelago. It can be separated from other members of the genus by its pale brown hind tibia without dark rings, straight borders of the middle femora and a straight carina on the hind femora (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="46865421850D13333C22297B76B26944" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5285.3.4" author="Devriese" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Devriese" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="511-556" refId="B38" refString="Devriese H, Nguyen E, Husemann M (2023) An identification key to the genera and species of Afrotropical Tetrigini (genera Paratettix, Leptacrydium, Hedotettix, Rectitettix nov. gen., and Alienitettix nov. gen.) with general remarks on the taxonomy of Tetrigini (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). Zootaxa 5285: 511–556. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5285.3.4" title="An identification key to the genera and species of Afrotropical Tetrigini (genera Paratettix, Leptacrydium, Hedotettix, Rectitettix nov. gen., and Alienitettix nov. gen.) with general remarks on the taxonomy of Tetrigini (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae)." volume="5285" year="2023">Devriese et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQVJM" type="Taxonomic notes">
|
||||
<paragraph id="68C35BDD32EBF9E63236B8641043B1B5">
|
||||
<heading id="1B1FA0C26EEE7A6F1E114B4F98934CF7" reason="title">Taxonomic notes.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AEE421CDCAD5E2B1CDC346EFA06E8490">
|
||||
The identity of the taxon present on
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="06D87360BAA3F9A9234608DFB03951EF" name="Yemen">Socotra</collectingCountry>
|
||||
has long been unclear. Hendrik Devriese identified
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B287CEC8392EF9AD141ACF733D3DD93A" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Tetrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6CE060D00CFBF3FA9149F4CA7269EEF4" italics="true">Tetrix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens collected by Bruno Massa in 2008 as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5944B117090DE1042785A7ED42071D85" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Paratettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpustulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="468EB8871977E7FC10406B4B114386CF" italics="true">Paratettix subpustulatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a widespread African species (Devriese in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="26F1CBF29925A1BCB595D80D87F556B7" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2132.1.3" author="Massa" firstAuthor="Massa" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="53-64" refId="B99" refString="Massa B (2009) New and less known Orthoptera (Insecta) from the island of Socotra (Yemen). Zootaxa 2132: 53–64. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2132.1.3" title="New and less known Orthoptera (Insecta) from the island of Socotra (Yemen)." volume="2132" year="2009">Massa 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Devriese also identified our specimens collected in 2009 as belonging to the same species (H. Devriese in litt.). In their revision of the African
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FB01D01907CC5B81E2D5315505BA3473" authority="Devriese et al. (2023)" authorityName="Devriese" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tetrigini">
|
||||
Tetrigini,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E7601B081EE37D4AD1BB16B74010AD6F" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5285.3.4" author="Devriese H & Nguyen E & Husemann M" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Devriese" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="511-556" refId="B38" refString="Devriese H, Nguyen E, Husemann M (2023) An identification key to the genera and species of Afrotropical Tetrigini (genera Paratettix, Leptacrydium, Hedotettix, Rectitettix nov. gen., and Alienitettix nov. gen.) with general remarks on the taxonomy of Tetrigini (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). Zootaxa 5285: 511–556. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5285.3.4" title="An identification key to the genera and species of Afrotropical Tetrigini (genera Paratettix, Leptacrydium, Hedotettix, Rectitettix nov. gen., and Alienitettix nov. gen.) with general remarks on the taxonomy of Tetrigini (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae)." volume="5285" year="2023">Devriese et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
confirmed the identity of the Socotran tetrigid as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2C0A9527AAF28AB5365608F9D5B0CF9F" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Paratettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpustulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3D2ECE78476F59403F788DB83946617D" italics="true">P. subpustulatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Other than the specimens examined by Devriese (Massa’s and our material), the specimens mentioned in the material examined section have only been superficially examined by us.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EAXJM" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="21BDCDAA44FE0F7FD0D16C7ADC006051">
|
||||
<heading id="3D894D3394B47118F93F5C6F45D379DB" reason="title">Distribution and occurrence.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F715AE48C841C324B7005856BCDE9206">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4BCB12BF9C4B563F63AABEDB228BAC38" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Paratettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpustulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6A1AF7494DB737DC887382DB7430009E" italics="true">P. subpustulatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is widely distributed in Africa south of the Sahara,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E55D79CE8015E8DC6E4F82D240F83700" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="BF08CE0214B494C4CCBE9D57F18637EE" name="Comoros">Comores</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="DE4502A1A7766365AA194A482BE7A9B0" name="Yemen">Socotra</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9CB641B49FDFFCCA17220378D08D88EF" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5285.3.4" author="Devriese" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Devriese" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="511-556" refId="B38" refString="Devriese H, Nguyen E, Husemann M (2023) An identification key to the genera and species of Afrotropical Tetrigini (genera Paratettix, Leptacrydium, Hedotettix, Rectitettix nov. gen., and Alienitettix nov. gen.) with general remarks on the taxonomy of Tetrigini (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). Zootaxa 5285: 511–556. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5285.3.4" title="An identification key to the genera and species of Afrotropical Tetrigini (genera Paratettix, Leptacrydium, Hedotettix, Rectitettix nov. gen., and Alienitettix nov. gen.) with general remarks on the taxonomy of Tetrigini (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae)." volume="5285" year="2023">Devriese et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). On
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="DB4DA92678F33C7C8A53498A82386B24" name="Yemen">Socotra</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, it is common, but because it prefers moist habitats, it is mainly restricted to the eastern half of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="051984E9D1BF5C7487A04F19515B0B35" name="Yemen">Socotra</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="90FBCAFCFEBDD4D714C0BE41EBF442D6" captionStart="Figure 131" captionStartId="F131" captionText="Figure 131. Distribution of Paratettix subpustulatus (Walker, 1871) in the Socotra Archipelago." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1280997">131</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="B86B0989B8E9530AD0408F5579893F0F" ID-arpha="0A7711AA-E4AA-5FFA-A1EB-4E05A7967CC1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1280997" startId="F131">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AC3F880FE0E56F07F541129E634F6672">
|
||||
<label id="86A7C97F48A024E094880BB3E071794D">Figure 131.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="00D8D97BDAD5CADDC8C0799EF56411DD">
|
||||
Distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7BBDFED676222FCBB8362300CBF2713C" authority="(Walker, 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Paratettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpustulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BFACFB6ABAF12531734C9FAD675FE2FB" italics="true">Paratettix subpustulatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Walker, 1871)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the Socotra Archipelago.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERYJM" type="biology|habitat">
|
||||
<paragraph id="08797B748FCB421E41B18E02BEBE51A8">
|
||||
<heading id="1CBDAF2F9018753555A08E75AB42A163" reason="title">Habitat and biology.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="95FB117009148143DC65126705B7B655">
|
||||
On
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="C0E8B9170D690112C84CB0DF9D11E8D0" name="Yemen">Socotra</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, it can be found on moist soil, in wadis and wetlands, from
|
||||
<quantity id="EF5C308DF7E49EA05EB6FC174A7B00A6" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.375" metricValueMax="14.5" metricValueMin="0.25" unit="m" value="737.5" valueMax="1450.0" valueMin="25.0">25–1450 m</quantity>
|
||||
a. s. l. In 2009, the species was common along a stream in Wadi Ayhaft, in vegetation dominated by
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A99E153BE2E8177CFB44A9703E9359F3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amplexicaulis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2DDFF47ED0640D74BE88E8986B6819B3" italics="true">Plantago amplexicaulis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Records are from all seasons.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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