From bdaf092652fd8904c5b3127cd8f8a78aaa45af1b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Fri, 13 Sep 2024 18:46:27 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-09-13 18:40:22 --- .../A6/5285A6E46A175386B1681F8455986219.xml | 147 +- .../7F/B6907F4FCE1A569A9D367AB6E37348EC.xml | 101 +- .../32/B7A03219AE5E5FC68DADF869D8D60BA1.xml | 2407 +++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 2531 insertions(+), 124 deletions(-) create mode 100644 data/B7/A0/32/B7A03219AE5E5FC68DADF869D8D60BA1.xml diff --git a/data/52/85/A6/5285A6E46A175386B1681F8455986219.xml b/data/52/85/A6/5285A6E46A175386B1681F8455986219.xml index 7455aacea6b..d1ffa246edd 100644 --- a/data/52/85/A6/5285A6E46A175386B1681F8455986219.xml +++ b/data/52/85/A6/5285A6E46A175386B1681F8455986219.xml @@ -1,64 +1,64 @@ - - - -Morphological and molecular evidence uncovers hidden species diversity in the leatherleaf slug genus Valiguna (Systellommatophora, Veronicellidae) from Thailand + + + +Morphological and molecular evidence uncovers hidden species diversity in the leatherleaf slug genus Valiguna (Systellommatophora, Veronicellidae) from Thailand - - -Author + + +Author -Mitchueachart, Bowornluk -Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand +Mitchueachart, Bowornluk +Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand - - -Author + + +Author -Sutcharit, Chirasak -0000-0001-7670-9540 -Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand +Sutcharit, Chirasak +0000-0001-7670-9540 +Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand - - -Author + + +Author -Tongkerd, Piyoros -Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand +Tongkerd, Piyoros +Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand - - -Author + + +Author -Panha, Somsak -Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand & Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand +Panha, Somsak +Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand & Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2024 - -2024-09-13 + +2024 + +2024-09-13 - -1212 + +1212 - -79 -107 + +79 +107 -journal article -10.3897/zookeys.1212.126624 -8A1608E5-7559-47CF-A942-8F569A35EB68 +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1212.126624 +8A1608E5-7559-47CF-A942-8F569A35EB68 - + Valiguna semicerina Mitchueachart & Panha @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Mitchueachart & Panha Type material. - + Holotype @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ Mitchueachart & Panha ) . - + Paratype @@ -124,7 +124,10 @@ in ethanol) Type locality. -Huang Nam Keaw Waterfall, Koh Kood, +Huang Nam Keaw Waterfall +, +Koh Kood +, Trat Province , Thailand @@ -142,18 +145,16 @@ Huang Nam Keaw Waterfall, Koh Kood, Other material examined. - + Cambodia : • -Recreational area -near -Sanker river +Recreational area near Sanker river , -Traeng +Traeng , -Rotanak Mondol +Rotanak Mondol , Battambang Province ; @@ -169,14 +170,14 @@ near ; - + Myanmar : • -Dhammatat Cave +Dhammatat Cave , -Mawlamyine Township +Mawlamyine Township , Mon State ; @@ -192,18 +193,16 @@ near ; - + Thailand : Sa Kaeo - : • - -Khao Chakan +Khao Chakan , -Khao Chakan +Khao Chakan ; 13 ° 39 ' 42.6 " N @@ -215,16 +214,16 @@ near CUMZ 16090 + ; + Chonburi - : • - -Wat Khao Chalak +Wat Khao Chalak , -Sriracha +Sriracha ; 13 ° 11 ' 49.3 " N @@ -236,18 +235,16 @@ near CUMZ 16091 + ; + Trat - : • - -Suanya Koh Kood Resort -& -Spa +Suanya Koh Kood Resort & Spa , -Koh Kood +Koh Kood ; 11 ° 39 ' 58.9 " N @@ -380,7 +377,7 @@ Bursa copulatrix duct ( The specific name - + semicerina is from the Latin words @@ -395,7 +392,7 @@ meaning honeycomb, which refers to the shape of the penis of this new species. Distribution. - + Valiguna semicerina sp. nov. @@ -417,7 +414,7 @@ in Comparative diagnosis. - + Valiguna semicerina sp. nov. @@ -451,7 +448,7 @@ has 15 short penial tubules (Table In addition, this new species also differs from - + V. crispa sp. nov. @@ -460,7 +457,7 @@ and F. bleekeri in having a honeycomb structure on penis glans, and with 18–22 unequal length and five bifurcation penial tubules. In comparison, - + V. crispa sp. nov. @@ -487,7 +484,7 @@ This new species is superficially similar to V. siamensis . However, after examining lots of specimens of various sizes from several localities, - + V. semicerina sp. nov. diff --git a/data/B6/90/7F/B6907F4FCE1A569A9D367AB6E37348EC.xml b/data/B6/90/7F/B6907F4FCE1A569A9D367AB6E37348EC.xml index bd4a52b0e19..342173e3d73 100644 --- a/data/B6/90/7F/B6907F4FCE1A569A9D367AB6E37348EC.xml +++ b/data/B6/90/7F/B6907F4FCE1A569A9D367AB6E37348EC.xml @@ -1,64 +1,64 @@ - - - -Morphological and molecular evidence uncovers hidden species diversity in the leatherleaf slug genus Valiguna (Systellommatophora, Veronicellidae) from Thailand + + + +Morphological and molecular evidence uncovers hidden species diversity in the leatherleaf slug genus Valiguna (Systellommatophora, Veronicellidae) from Thailand - - -Author + + +Author -Mitchueachart, Bowornluk -Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand +Mitchueachart, Bowornluk +Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand - - -Author + + +Author -Sutcharit, Chirasak -0000-0001-7670-9540 -Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand +Sutcharit, Chirasak +0000-0001-7670-9540 +Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand - - -Author + + +Author -Tongkerd, Piyoros -Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand +Tongkerd, Piyoros +Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand - - -Author + + +Author -Panha, Somsak -Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand & Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand +Panha, Somsak +Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand & Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2024 - -2024-09-13 + +2024 + +2024-09-13 - -1212 + +1212 - -79 -107 + +79 +107 -journal article -10.3897/zookeys.1212.126624 -8A1608E5-7559-47CF-A942-8F569A35EB68 +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1212.126624 +8A1608E5-7559-47CF-A942-8F569A35EB68 - + Valiguna crispa Mitchueachart & Panha @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Mitchueachart & Panha Type material. - + Holotype @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ Mitchueachart & Panha ) . - + Paratype @@ -124,7 +124,10 @@ in ethanol) Type locality. -Tham Kamin, Ban Na San, +Tham Kamin +, +Ban Na San +, Surat Thani Province , Thailand @@ -246,7 +249,7 @@ Bursa copulatrix duct ( The specific name - + crispa is from the Latin word @@ -259,7 +262,7 @@ meaning wavy or curly, which refers to the structure found on the penis surface Distribution. - + Valiguna crispa sp. nov. @@ -277,7 +280,7 @@ locality, a limestone outcrop with low vegetation in southern Comparative diagnosis. - + Valiguna crispa sp. nov. @@ -319,7 +322,7 @@ possesses approximately 15 short penial tubules (Table Generally, - + V. crispa sp. nov. diff --git a/data/B7/A0/32/B7A03219AE5E5FC68DADF869D8D60BA1.xml b/data/B7/A0/32/B7A03219AE5E5FC68DADF869D8D60BA1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..950f959fea3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/B7/A0/32/B7A03219AE5E5FC68DADF869D8D60BA1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,2407 @@ + + + +Morphological and molecular evidence uncovers hidden species diversity in the leatherleaf slug genus Valiguna (Systellommatophora, Veronicellidae) from Thailand + + + +Author + +Mitchueachart, Bowornluk +Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand + + + +Author + +Sutcharit, Chirasak +0000-0001-7670-9540 +Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand + + + +Author + +Tongkerd, Piyoros +Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand + + + +Author + +Panha, Somsak +Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand & Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-09-13 + + +1212 + + +79 +107 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1212.126624 +8A1608E5-7559-47CF-A942-8F569A35EB68 + + + + + +Valiguna siamensis +( +Martens, 1867 +) + + + + + +Figs 2 +, +3 B +, +4 A +, +5 +, +6 +, +7 A + + + + + + + +Vaginulus siamensis + +Martens, 1867: 68 +, pl. 5; fig. 3. +Type +locality: Petshaburi [ +Phetchaburi Province +, +Thailand +]. + + + + + + + + + +Veronicella bocourti +Rochebrune, 1882 b: 117 + +. +Type +locality: +Bangkok +[ +Thailand +]. + + + + + + + +Veronicella chaudoensis +Rochebrune, 1882 a: 67 + +. +Type +locality: Montagnes de Chadou [Chau Doc City, +An Giang Province +, +Vietnam +]. + + + + + + + +Veronicella titanotona +Rochebrune, 1882 a: 68 + +. +Type +locality: Spiglumi-Britton [ +Cochinchina +]. + + + + + + + +Vaginulus reticulatus + +Westerlund, 1883: 49 +. +Type +locality: Galle [ +Sri Lanka +]. + +Thomé 1984: 29–32 + +, figs 1–7. + + + + + + + + +Semperula bocourti + + +: + +Grimpe and Hoffmann 1925 b +: 44 + +. + +Hoffmann 1925: 181 + +. + + + + + + +Semperula chaudoensis + + +: + +Grimpe and Hoffmann 1925 b +: 44 + +. + +Hoffmann 1925: 181 + +. + + + + + + +Semperula titanotoma + + +[sic]: + +Grimpe and Hoffmann 1925 b +: 44 + +[misspelling]. + +Hoffmann 1925: 181 + +. + + + + + + +Semperula siamensis + + +: + +Grimpe and Hoffmann 1925 a +: 388 + +, 390–392. + +Grimpe and Hoffmann 1925 b +: 17 + +–19, 44–47, fig. 8. + +Hoffmann 1925: 179–181 + +, 256, 257, pl. 3, fig. 29, pl. 6, fig. 45 k 3, pl. 8, figs 58, 60, 61 a, 62, pl. 9, fig. 64, pl. 10, fig. 71, pl. 11, figs 78–80. + +Solem, 1966: 21 + +. + +Hemmen and Hemmen 2001: 40 + +. + + + + + + +Valiguna siamensis + + +: + +Gomes and Thomé 2004: 595 + +, 596. + +Gomes et al. 2008: 164 + +, 169, figs 13–18. + +Inkhavilay et al. 2019: 48 + +, figs 19 b, 55 b. + +Sutcharit et al. 2020 a +: 16 + +, 17, fig. 3 d. + + + + + + +Material examined. + + + + +Laos + +: • +Wat Oudom +, +Khamkeut +, +Bolikhamsai +; + +18 ° 10 ' 56.6 " N +, +104 ° 59 ' 04.6 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16001 + + +. + + +Myanmar + +: • +Winner hotel +, +Kalaw +, +Shan +; + +20 ° 37 ' 40.4 " N +, +96 ° 33 ' 28.1 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16002 + + +. + + +Thailand +: +Chiang Rai + +: • +Wat Tham Pha Mee +, +Mae Sai +; + +20 ° 32 ' 01.7 " N +, +99 ° 52 ' 34.5 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16003 + + +; • + +Wat Tham Pha Chom +, +Mae Sai +; + +20 ° 26 ' 31.9 " N +, +99 ° 52 ' 23.5 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16004 + + +; • + +Wat Pa Pha Mi +, +Mae Sai +; + +20 ° 24 ' 18.3 " N +, +99 ° 51 ' 09.9 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16005 + + +; • + +Wat Tham Pum +, +Mae Sai +; + +20 ° 20 ' 54.1 " N +, +99 ° 51 ' 37.9 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16006 + + +; • + +Wat Tham Pla Witthayakhom School +, +Mae Sai +; + +20 ° 19 ' 58.3 " N +, +99 ° 51 ' 52.9 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16007 + + +; • + + +Wat Tham +Phra + +( +Buddha Cave +), +Mueang Chiang Rai +; + +19 ° 55 ' 06.3 " N +, +99 ° 47 ' 19.5 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16008 + + +; • + +Wat Tham Phra Pha Kok +, +Wiang Chai +; + +19 ° 52 ' 21.4 " N +, +100 ° 02 ' 41.9 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16009 + + +; • + +Mae Lao Wildlife Breeding Center +, +Mae Lao +; + +19 ° 45 ' 57.6 " N +, +99 ° 38 ' 12.6 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16010 + + +; • + + +Wat Tham +Phajarui + +, Pa Daet; + +19 ° 34 ' 19.1 " N +, +99 ° 59 ' 17.3 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16011 + + +; + + +Chiang Mai + +: • +Wat Tham Pha Phueng +, +Chai Prakan +; + +19 ° 44 ' 19.1 " N +, +99 ° 05 ' 16.2 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16012 + + +; • + +Khun Mai +Baan Suan Resort, Mae Ai; + +20 ° 03 ' 46.7 " N +, +99 ° 21 ' 31.6 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16013 + + +; • + +Wat Tham Tap Tao +, +Chai Prakan +; + +19 ° 39 ' 46.3 " N +, +99 ° 07 ' 03.4 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16014 + + +; • + +Wat Tham Klaeb +, +Chiang Dao +; + +19 ° 33 ' 33.4 " N +, +99 ° 03 ' 46.9 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16015 + + +; • + +Tham Chiang Dao +, +Chiang Dao +; + +19 ° 23 ' 38.3 " N +, +98 ° 55 ' 43.2 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16016 + + +; • + +Homdoi Guesthouse +, +Samoeng +; + +18 ° 51 ' 04.5 " N +, +98 ° 43 ' 37.4 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16017 + + +; • + +B-tel Chom Thong Resort, Chom Thong; + +18 ° 26 ' 19.4 " N +, +98 ° 40 ' 20.9 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16018 + + +; + + +Lampang + +: • +Tham Pha Thai +, +Ngao +; + +18 ° 36 ' 19.7 " N +, +99 ° 53 ' 51.9 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16019 + + +; • + +Chao Por Pratu Pha Shrine, Mae Mo; + +18 ° 30 ' 49.9 " N +, +99 ° 49 ' 09.9 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16020 + + +; + + +Lamphun + +: • +Wat Pa Phai +, +Li +; + +17 ° 52 ' 22.6 " N +, +98 ° 55 ' 26.8 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16021 + + +; • + + +Wat Doi +Daen + +, Ban Hong; + +18 ° 21 ' 52.5 " N +, +98 ° 45 ' 42.3 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16083 + + +; + + +Phrae + +: • Huai Rong Waterfall, Rong Kwang; + +18 ° 26 ' 31.6 " N +, +100 ° 27 ' 00.9 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16022 + + +; + + +Bueng Kan + +: • +Wat Tham Pha Khao +, +Si Wilai +; + +18 ° 11 ' 27.3 " N +, +103 ° 49 ' 59.9 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16023 + + +; • + + + + +Wat Tham +Phra + +Phu + +Wuua + +, Seka; + +18 ° 08 ' 12.9 " N +, +103 ° 59 ' 34.8 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16024 + + +; + + +Loei + +: • + + +Wat Tham +Pha + +Baen + +, +Chiang Khan +; + +17 ° 54 ' 24.6 " N +, +101 ° 43 ' 28.5 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16025 + + +; • + +Wat Tham Pha Pu +, +Mueang Loei +; + +17 ° 34 ' 44.6 " N +, +101 ° 42 ' 40.0 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16026 + + +; • + +Wat Thepnimitr +, +Phu Ruea +; + +17 ° 28 ' 03.3 " N +, +101 ° 16 ' 32.7 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16027 + + +; • + +Wat Tham Erawan +, +Erawan +; + +17 ° 20 ' 43.5 " N +, +102 ° 01 ' 07.3 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16028 + + +; • + +Wat Tham Pha Bing +, +Wang Saphung +; + +17 ° 14 ' 03.8 " N +, +101 ° 44 ' 14.6 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16029 + + +; • + + +Wat Tham +Maholan + +, Nong Hin; + +17 ° 06 ' 26.2 " N +, +101 ° 52 ' 43.7 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16030 + + +; + + +Nong Bua Lam Phu + +: • +Wat Tham Suwannakhuha +, +Suwannakhuha +; + +17 ° 36 ' 29.2 " N +, +102 ° 16 ' 57.1 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16031 + + +; • + + + +Wat Tham +Pha + +Chor + +, Na Wang; + +17 ° 18 ' 50.6 " N +, +102 ° 07 ' 05.0 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16032 + + +; + + +Sakon Nakhon + +: • Kham Hom Waterfall, +Mueang Sakon Nakhon +; + +17 ° 07 ' 25.2 " N +, +104 ° 01 ' 07.3 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16033 + + +; • + + + + +Wat Tham +Phu + +Pha + +Yon + +, Phu Phan; + +16 ° 56 ' 28.4 " N +, +104 ° 04 ' 27.5 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16034 + + +; + + +Tak + +: • Taksin Maharat, Mueang Tak; + +16 ° 46 ' 44.3 " N +, +98 ° 55 ' 42.7 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16035 + + +; + + +Phitsanulok + +: • + +Wat Ampharin +Khuha + +(Tham Muang), Noen Maprang; + +16 ° 30 ' 13.8 " N +, +100 ° 41 ' 20.9 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16036 + + +; + + +Nakhon Sawan + +: • + +Wat Thep +Sathaporn + +, Banphot Phisai; + +15 ° 54 ' 49.5 " N +, +99 ° 53 ' 03.9 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16037 + + +; + + +Khon Kaen + +: • +Tham Phu +Loop, Chum Phae; + +16 ° 49 ' 48.6 " N +, +101 ° 59 ' 07.8 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16038 + + +; • + +Khon Kaen University +, +Mueang Khon Kaen +; + +16 ° 28 ' 27.4 " N +, +102 ° 49 ' 18.9 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16039 + + +; • + +Sawathi, Mueang Khon Kaen; + +CUMZ +16040 + + +; + + +Buriram + +: • +Socool Grand Hotel +, +Nang Rong +; + +14 ° 38 ' 12.5 " N +, +102 ° 47 ' 27.4 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16041 + + +; • + + + + +Wat Khao +Phra + +Ang + +Khan + +, Chaloem Phra Kiat; + +14 ° 32 ' 04.6 " N +, +102 ° 50 ' 04.3 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16042 + + +; + + +Chaiyaphum + +: • Tham Wua Daeng, Phakdi Chumphon; + +16 ° 04 ' 35.2 " N +, +101 ° 26 ' 23.9 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16043 + + +; + + +Nakhon Ratchasima + +: • +Wat Pa Mongkol Tham +, +Pak Thong Chai +; + +14 ° 42 ' 07.5 " N +, +101 ° 47 ' 12.7 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16044 + + +; • + +Wat Tham Thep Nimit +, +Pak Chong +; + +14 ° 36 ' 14.4 " N +, +101 ° 33 ' 59.1 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16045 + + +; • + +Soken Villa Khaoyai, Pak Chong; + +14 ° 32 ' 06.7 " N +, +101 ° 23 ' 37.4 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16046 + + +; + + +Sa Kaeo + +: • Tham Khao Maka, +Mueang Sa Kaeo +; + +13 ° 47 ' 16.5 " N +, +101 ° 56 ' 53.8 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16047 + + +; • + +Wat Tham Thep Plub Plueng Thong +, +Wang Sombun +; + +13 ° 26 ' 56.9 " N +, +102 ° 13 ' 02.9 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16048 + + +; • + +Tham Phet Pho Thong, Khlong Hat; + +13 ° 24 ' 50.1 " N +, +102 ° 19 ' 31.3 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16049 + + +; + + +Chon Buri + +: • +Wat Tham Khao Cha Ang On +, +Bo Thong +; + +13 ° 12 ' 33.5 " N +, +101 ° 39 ' 05.6 " E + +; +CUM 16050 + +; • + + + +Wat Khao +Cha + +Ang + +, Bo Thong; + +13 ° 12 ' 00.9 " N +, +101 ° 34 ' 54.6 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16051 + + +; + + +Chanthaburi + +: • +Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary +, +Soi Dao +; + +13 ° 06 ' 15.0 " N +, +102 ° 11 ' 39.5 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16052 + + +; • + +Palm plantation near Quan Yin shrine +, +Makham +; + +12 ° 43 ' 37.9 " N +, +102 ° 08 ' 12.7 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16053 + + +; • + + +Wat Laem +Sadet + +, +Tha Mai +; + +12 ° 34 ' 18.9 " N +, +101 ° 53 ' 26.3 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16054 + + +; • + +Trok Nong Waterfall, Khlung; + +12 ° 32 ' 39.6 " N +, +102 ° 14 ' 13.6 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16055 + + +; + + +Trat + +: • +Trat 101 Hotel +, +Mueang Trat +; + +12 ° 14 ' 31.4 " N +, +102 ° 30 ' 40.4 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16056 + + +; • + +Koh Chang +, +Koh Chang +; + +12 ° 03 ' 38.8 " N +, +102 ° 19 ' 37.1 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16057 + + +; • + +Suanya Koh Kood resort & spa, Koh Kood; + +11 ° 39 ' 58.9 " N +, +102 ° 32 ' 05.6 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16058 + + +; + + +Nakhon Nayok + +: • Ka Ang Waterfall, Ban Na; + +14 ° 20 ' 35.0 " N +, +101 ° 07 ' 53.0 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16059 + + +; + + +Bangkok + +: • Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan; + +13 ° 44 ' 15.5 " N +, +100 ° 31 ' 48.9 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16060 + + +; + + +Kanchanaburi + +: • +Tham Khao Noi Bureau of Monks +, Thong Pha Phum; + +14 ° 41 ' 54.1 " N +, +98 ° 31 ' 31.4 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16061 + + +; • + +Pilok +, +Thong Pha Phum +; + +14 ° 40 ' 16.3 " N +, +98 ° 23 ' 04.1 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16086 + + +; • + +Tham Than Lot +, +Si Sawat +; + +14 ° 40 ' 17.3 " N +, +99 ° 17 ' 19.1 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16062 + + +; • + +Wat Pa Tham Pha Dang +, +Thong Pha Phum +; + +14 ° 38 ' 43.6 " N +, +98 ° 39 ' 31.8 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16063 + + +; • + +Srinakarin Dam +, +Si Sawat +; + +14 ° 24 ' 26.2 " N +, +99 ° 07 ' 33.7 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16064 + + +; • + +Hellfire Pass +, +Sai Yok +; + +14 ° 22 ' 49.3 " N +, +98 ° 55 ' 50.2 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16065 + + +; • + +Wat Pu Ta Khian +, +Sai Yok +; + +14 ° 17 ' 22.2 " N +, +99 ° 00 ' 28.9 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16066 + + +; • + +Tham Krasae, Sai Yok; + +14 ° 06 ' 18.8 " N +, +99 ° 09 ' 59.6 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16067 + + +; + + +Phetchaburi + +: • +Wat Khao Bandai +, +Nong Ya Plong +; + +13 ° 14 ' 09.5 " N +, +99 ° 41 ' 21.3 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16068 + + +; • + +Ban Aob Fha Resort, Kaeng Krachan; + +12 ° 53 ' 55.4 " N +, +99 ° 38 ' 54.8 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16069 + + +; + + +Prachuap Khiri Khan + +: • + + + +Wat Tham +Khao + +Mai + +Ruak + +, Thap Sakae; + +11 ° 25 ' 43.0 " N +, +99 ° 36 ' 18.5 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16070 + + +; + + +Chumphon + +: • +Tham Pisadan Monastery +, +Pathio +; + +10 ° 45 ' 35.6 " N +, +99 ° 13 ' 47.5 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16071 + +, +16072 + +; • + +Tham Rub Ror, Tha Sae; + +10 ° 37 ' 26.1 " N +, +99 ° 06 ' 47.2 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16073 + + +; + + +Ranong + +: • Tham Phra Khayang, +Kra Buri +; + +10 ° 19 ' 36.6 " N +, +98 ° 45 ' 53.1 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16074 + + +; • + +Baan Cueng Kao, Mueang Ranong; + +9 ° 56 ' 36.4 " N +, +98 ° 38 ' 01.7 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16084 + + +; + + +Surat Thani + +: • +Khao Sok Evergreen House +, +Phanom +; + +8 ° 54 ' 53.8 " N +, +98 ° 32 ' 43.0 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16075 + + +; • + +Khao Sok River +Home Resort, Phanom; + +8 ° 51 ' 02.3 " N +, +98 ° 42 ' 21.3 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16076 + + +; • + +Pa Dang, Chai Buri; + +8 ° 29 ' 32.3 " N +, +98 ° 58 ' 39.0 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16077 + + +; + + +Krabi + +: • +Wat Tham Prasat Nalakiring +, +Plai Phraya +; + +8 ° 33 ' 30.5 " N +, +98 ° 51 ' 44.1 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16078 + + +; • + +Tham Khlang, Ao Luek; + +8 ° 20 ' 17.8 " N +, +98 ° 44 ' 43.9 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16079 + + +; + + +Trang + +: • + + +Wat Khao +Lak + +Jan + +, Mueang Trang; + +7 ° 42 ' 14.2 " N +, +99 ° 43 ' 46.3 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16080 + + +; + + +Satun + +: • Khao Toh Payawang, Mueang Satun; + +6 ° 37 ' 39.4 " N +, +100 ° 03 ' 43.1 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16085 + + +; + + +Pattani + +: • +Chabang Tiko +, +Mueang Pattani +; + +6 ° 51 ' 27.3 " N +, +101 ° 15 ' 12.2 " E + +; + +CUMZ +16081 + +, +16082 + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Notum pale to dark brown with random tiny blackish spots and median dorsal line visible. Hyponotum and foot paler in colour, and with scattered pale blackish spots. Penis clavated with honeycomb-like glans; vas deferens opens at peak. Penial tubules consist of 19–29 long tubules and two short tubules. + + + +External characteristics. + + + +Preserved specimen +. + +Notum pale to dark brown colour with scattered tiny blackish spots. Body elongated ovate, +24–77 mm +(mean 48.9 ± 10.0 mm) long and +9–28 mm +(mean 14.8 ± +3.8 mm +) wide. Some specimens with larger blackish spots scattered along left and right sides of notum. Median dorsal line thin and narrow, and a paler colour than notum. Hyponotum varies from pale yellow to beige or pale brown and with scattered tiny pale blackish spots. Foot pale yellow to beige, and narrower (width 2.0–7.0 mm, mean 3.4 ± 1.0 mm) than right hyponotum width. Male genital pore located closed to base of right lower-tentacle. Female genital pore located approximately midway of body on right hyponotum (Figs +5 A +, +6 A, D +). + + + +Live specimen +. + +Notum pale to dark brown and with scattered tiny blackish spots. Median dorsal line thin and pale colour. Hyponotum varies from beige to pale brown colour, and with scattered pale blackish spots. Foot beige (Fig. +4 A +). + + + + + + +Living slugs +A + +Valiguna siamensis + +, specimen +CUMZ +16038 from Khon Kaen (length ~ 60 mm) +B + +V. semicerina + +sp. nov. +, holotype +CUMZ +16087 from type locality (length ~ 34 mm), and +C + +V. crispa + +sp. nov. +, holotype +CUMZ +16094 from type locality (length ~ 28 mm). Dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right). + + + + +Genital organs +. + +Penis acropleurocaulis +type +; penis base ( +pb +) cylindrical and relatively long. Penis glans ( +gn +) starts from distal extremity of penis base, short cylindrical shaped, honeycomb formation at distal extremity, and bending forming pointed peak. Vas deferens ( +vd +) opens at tip of peak. Peak ( +pk +) cylindrical shaped and located at lateral side of penis glans (Figs +5 B +, +6 B +). Young specimens with smooth cylindrical penis (without honeycomb formation; Fig. +6 E +). Penial gland with conical papilla ( +pa +). Penial tubules: 19–29 long tubules ( +lt +) and two short tubules ( +st +). Two long tubules appear distally bifurcated in some specimens (Figs +5 C +, +6 C +). + + + + + + + +Valiguna siamensis +CUMZ + +16054 from Chanthaburi +A +dorsal and ventral views +B +penis +C +penial gland and penial tubules +D +dorsal and ventral views of female genitalia, and +E +inset of female genitalia. + + + + + + + +A – C + +Valiguna siamensis + +, specimen +CUMZ +16068 from Phetchaburi (topotype) and +D, E +specimen +CUMZ +16060 from Bangkok. +A, D +dorsal and ventral views +B, E +penis of adult ( +B +) and immature ( +E +), and +C +penial gland and penial tubules. + + + +Bursa copulatrix duct ( +db +) pyriform shaped, expanded in middle region, and then tapering to narrow tube on both ends. Bursa copulatrix ( +bc +) almost circular shaped and connected to bursa copulatrix duct. Oviduct ( +ov +) and albumen gland ( +ag +) extremely enlarged, soft lobulated, and tufted; oviduct opened at female genital pore ( +fg +). Distal ( +dd +) and proximal ( +pd +) posterior deferens inserted into somewhat oval-shaped prostate gland ( +pr +). Middle deferens ( +md +) penetrates into thick muscular right hyponotum then emerges near male genital pore ( +mg +) before inserting into penis. Canalis junctor ( +cj +) penetrated almost at middle of bursa copulatrix duct. Fertilisation complex ( +fc +) short and small tube; seminal vesicle ( +sv +) thin and curly, and attached to albumen gland with thin connective tissue. Spermioduct ( +sd +) thin, unconvoluted, and contracts into numerous small globular hermaphroditic gland subunits. Hermaphroditic gland ( +hg +) consists of many small subunits (Figs +3 B +, +5 D, E +). + + + +Radula +. + +Teeth arranged in nearly straight rows, each row containing ~ 100 teeth with half row formula 1–49. Central teeth very small and unicuspid. Lateral and marginal teeth not differentiated, monocuspid, large triangular shaped, and with slightly pointed cusp. From inner to outer, lateromarginal teeth gradually narrower, smaller, and rather pointed cusp, and outermost teeth relatively small (Fig. +7 A +). + + + + + + +SEM +images of radula +A + +Valiguna siamensis + +, specimen +CUMZ +16054 from Chanthaburi +B + +V. semicerina + +sp. nov. +, holotype +CUMZ +16087 from type locality, and +C + +V. crispa + +sp. nov. +, holotype +CUMZ +16094 from type locality. Central tooth indicated by ‘ C’. + + + + + +Distribution. + + + +Valiguna siamensis + +occurs throughout +Thailand +and some have been reported from +Cambodia +, +Laos +, +Myanmar +, southern +China +, and +Sri Lanka +( +Rochebrune 1882 a +, +b +; +Gomes et al. 2008 +; +Inkhavilay et al. 2019 +; +Sutcharit et al. 2020 a +; +GBIF 2023 +). + + + + +Comparative diagnosis. + + + +Valiguna siamensis + +can be differentiated from + +V. flava + +in having a cylindrical penis with honeycomb-like glans, and with 21–31 unequal length (two short, 19–29 long) and two bifurcation penial tubules. In comparison, + +V. flava + +has a penis that is initially cylindrical, then tapers and bends with dentate and serrate glans. In addition, + +V. flava + +possesses only 15 short penial tubules (Table +4 +; +Gomes et al. 2008 +). + + + + + + +External and internal morphology of + +Valiguna +species. + +Superscript number indicates the reference: +1 +Gomes et al. (2008) +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Characters + +Valiguna flava + +1 + +Valiguna siamensis + +Valiguna semicerina +sp. nov. + + +Valiguna crispa + +sp. nov. +
+Notum colour +Pale yellowish brown to dark reddish brown with scattered wide blackish spotsPale to dark brown with very tiny blackish spots scattered all aroundPale to dark brown with scattered tiny blackish spotsDark brown with randomly scattered distinct, small, pale yellow and blackish spots all around
+Hyponotum colour +Paler pale yellowish brown to dark reddish brown, without spots or only few tiny blackish spotsBeige to pale brown with many tiny pale blackish spotsWhite to pale beige or pale brown, without blackish spots or with many tiny spotsBeige with many tiny scattered blackish spots
+Teeth formula +c / 1 + l 46–47 / 2c / 1 + l 49 / 2c / 1 + l 31 – 35 / 2c / 1 + l 28 / 2
+Penial tubules +15 short tubules21–31 tubules: two short and 19–29 long (some are bifurcated)18–22 tubules: four short, six intermediate, and 8–12 long (some long tubules are bifurcated)11 long tubules
+Penis glans +Cylindrical structure covered by dentate and serrate formations on dorsum of convex sideShort cylindrical with honeycomb structure at distal most end of glansElongated conical with honeycomb structure on one side and smooth surface on the opposite sideShort conical with wave-like structure
+Canalis junctor +Penetrates bursa copulatrix duct near to the middle of the duct’s total lengthPenetrates in bursa copulatrix duct near to the middle of the duct’s total lengthPenetrates in bursa copulatrix duct near to the middle of the duct’s total lengthPenetrates in bursa copulatrix duct near to the proximal end of the duct
+Bursa copulatrix +Almost circular and concave in the middleAlmost circularAlmost circularAlmost oval
+Bursa copulatrix duct +Cylindrical shapedPyriform and expanding at middle regionShort and narrow bottle-shaped duct near basal part of bursa copulatrix; looks similar to a bottle with neck positioned in the centre.Short and narrow bottle-shaped duct near basal part of bursa copulatrix; looks similar to a bottle with neck positioned off-centre to one side.
+ + +In addition, + +Valiguna siamensis + +also differs from + +V. semicerina + +sp. nov. +and + +V. crispa + +sp. nov. +in having their hermaphroditic glands composed of small-sized acini. In comparison, + +V. semicerina + +sp. nov. +possesses hermaphroditic gland formed by medium-sized acini whereas + +V. crispa + +sp. nov. +possesses hermaphroditic gland made up of large-sized acini (Figs +3 B, C, D +, +5 D +, +8 D +, +9 D +). + + + + + + + +Valiguna semicerina + +sp. nov. +, holotype +CUMZ +16087 from type locality +A +dorsal and ventral views +B +penis +C +penial gland and penial tubules +D +dorsal and ventral views of female genitalia, and +E +inset of female genitalia. + + + + + + + + +Valiguna crispa + +sp. nov. +, holotype +CUMZ +16094 from type locality +A +dorsal and ventral views +B +penis +C +penial gland and penial tubules, and +D +dorsal and ventral view of female genitalia. + + + + + +Remarks. + + +Originally, this species was nominated based on specimens from +Phetchaburi Province +, +Thailand +, with a brief description and illustrations. After examining the +syntypes +, +Hoffmann (1925) +relocated +it +to the + +Semperula + +and provisionally synonymised three poorly described species + +Veronicella bocourti +Rochebrune, 1882 + +, + +Veronicella chaudoensis +Rochebrune, 1882 + +, and + +Veronicella titanotona +Rochebrune, 1882 + +with this species. Later, +Thomé (1984) +examined the +lectotype +of + +Vaginulus reticulatus +Westerlund, 1883 + +and recognised +it +as a synonym of + +Semperula siamensis + +. Recently +Gomes and Thomé (2004) +transferred this species to the + +Valiguna + +, and +Gomes et al. (2008) +reported the genitalia based on specimens from +Yunnan +and +Guangxi +, +China +. + + +It is the predominant leatherleaf slug found in +Thailand +, occurring in diverse environments, including natural habitats as well as human-modified settings, such as residential areas, gardens, plantations, and greenhouses. + + + + \ No newline at end of file