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<mods:title id="ABC3045CF6E5864CBDCAC10AC769FDC8">A taxonomic monograph of the assassin bug genus Zelus Fabricius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): 71 species based on 10,000 specimens</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="324B06DF80A4BC1592CAAF1A69D57BDD" ID-CoL="5D26B" authority="Stal, 1862" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus tetracanthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetracanthus">
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Zelus tetracanthus
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<normalizedToken id="F6A9B013BE8DE2BE3A83AD6D6B92E3F7" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
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, 1862
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="266595032D2CF35E23241E5EFE2E0972" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
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<taxonomicName id="3130B647884B733A4804041846BDEC32" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus tetracanthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetracanthus">Zelus tetracanthus</taxonomicName>
|
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<normalizedToken id="F4F154AA4047CDF2262BDC2457C26BF8" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
|
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, 1862, p. 454, orig. descr. (subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7FA4286F3B6918F5B6A3A50E56598047" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Pindus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pindus">Pindus</taxonomicName>
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);
|
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<normalizedToken id="9BC2C379069FFE1E541054FD6CFD58CB" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
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||||
, 1872, p. 92, cat. (subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="60A2D747957A7F3058881195467089FA" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Pindus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pindus">Pindus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Lethierry and Severin, 1896, p. 153, cat.; Champion, 1898, p. 362, Tab. XV, fig. 27, note and fig.; Fracker, 1913, p. 240, key and list (subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9852073CA34E667D986D500AAE09D8DC" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Pindus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pindus">Pindus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Wygodzinsky, 1949a, p. 50, checklist; Hart, 1986, p. 536-537, redescription, note, fig. and key; Maldonado, 1990, p. 331, cat.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C07D928A84DC1BC251AFCFB7532C228C" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0E99D945A405ADBC2752E327B61C0244" family="Sparidae" genus="Diplodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplodus tetracanthus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetracanthus">Diplodus tetracanthus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: Walker, 1873, p. 124, cat.; Uhler, 1886, p. 24, checklist.
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FB1EC1D8DCFAA16B50306E518BC48958" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="615C7C5797A81DDB22AC84FFF4DB5913" class="Insecta" genus="Pindus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pindus socius" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socius">Pindus socius</taxonomicName>
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Uhler, 1872b, p. 420, orig. descr.; Uhler, 186, p. 62, list (reprint); Uhler, 1877, p. 1329, list; Uhler, 1894, p. 284, list.; Hart, 1986, p. 536, junior syn. of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0A934ACD4CDF8B3F8F22CBB4A81E607E" lsidName="Z. tetracanthus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="tetracanthus">Z. tetracanthus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="83638F9746DC5916F467DF48C0B8A934" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8C95CFED30952CB2C12E7D4037869723" family="Sparidae" genus="Diplodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplodus socius" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socius">Diplodus socius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: Uhler, 1886, p. 24, checklist; Gillette and Baker, 1895, p. 60, list.
|
||||
</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="CBEB84822FB64D6114261C2205586E0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ADC7ADEBF06142D623CC34ACA7ECE2B4" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus socius" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socius">Zelus socius</taxonomicName>
|
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: Lethierry and Severin, 1896, p. 153 cat.; Barber, 1906, p. 28,6, list; Hart, 1907, p. 237, list; Torre-Bueno, 1908, p. 235, list (subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B762DE0D72A91E14CD3B2C59C35AA927" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Pindus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pindus">Pindus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Van Duzee, 1909, p. 177, list; Banks, 1910b, p. 16, cat.; Fracker, 1913, p. 240, key and list (subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CC3289754B8EA994872F8FC830E268F7" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Pindus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pindus">Pindus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Torre-Bueno, 1913, p. 60, list (subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1D149E9635183D1B00DE6D56DA446533" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Pindus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pindus">Pindus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Barber, 1914, p. 506, list; Parshley, 1914, p. 144, list; Van duzee, 1916, p. 30, checklist (subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0BE27ACC3C37C3242C3B20991C177D69" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Pindus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pindus">Pindus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Van Duzee, 1917, p. 261, cat. (subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FC289D16E094D76EE20A51474E2F8293" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Pindus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pindus">Pindus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Parshley, 1921, p. 5, list; Anonymous, 1923, p. 120-135, note; Blatchley, 1926, p. 569, 571, key and descr. (subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0F7C6AF7FC89B0880F7BAB5FF0D507E8" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Pindus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pindus">Pindus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Readio, 1926, p. 168, 177, note and fig.; Readio, 1927, p. 169, 179-181, P1. XIV. fig. 1,2,5, descr., notes and fig.; Leonard, 1928, p. 105, list; Essig, 1929, p. 357, note; Knowlton, 1932, p. 12, note; Harris, 1937, p. 174, list; Brimley, 1938, p. 73, list; Procter, 1946, p. 319, list; Wygodzinsky, 1949a, p. 50, checklist; Elkins, 1951, p. 410, list; Sibley, 1951, p. 92, list; Elkins, 1954, p. 47, note; Atkins, et. al., 1957, p. 251-259, note; Drew and Schaeffer, 1962, p. 106, list; Wene and Sheets, 1962, p. 395-398, note; Whitcomb and Bell, 1964, p. 22, list; Butler, 1966, p. 1306-1307, note; Nutting and Spangler, 1969, p. 763-769, note and photo.
|
||||
</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="16DBB264321B9659B8BEF458FF0760A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E6FEB646305B2688922A3493D0D5B070" genus="Diplocodus" lsidName="Diplocodus socius" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="socius">Diplocodus socius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: Van Duzee, 1914, p. 13, list and note.
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||||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CDC7266F8959A0B4E536F1FE9FD2C6EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1F04F261909B407C3FE981D60362C93C" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus audax" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="audax">Zelus audax</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Banks, 1910, p. 325, orig. descr.; Fracker, 1913, p. 240, note; Van Duzee, 1916, p. 30 checklist (subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3B1B5D8477E6DC2823317A2FEDE80E7F" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Pindus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pindus">Pindus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Van Duzee, 1917, p. 261, cat. (subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5502E99E3A8166FB282D09BE42B63434" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Pindus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pindus">Pindus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Britton, 1923, p. 687, list (subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8DE4C58A90876E6B0D2FA6A228368B1A" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Pindus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pindus">Pindus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Blatchley, 1926, p. 569, 571-572, key and descr. (subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C60D3F32101EEE7A45E9D1416952C9B" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Pindus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pindus">Pindus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Readio, 1927, p. 169, 181, descr.; Leonard, 1928, p. 105, list; Wygodzinsky, 1949a, p. 48, checklist; Hart, 1986, p. 536, junior syn. of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A546034376717E85DFB31014C6813473" lsidName="Z. tetracanthus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="tetracanthus">Z. tetracanthus</taxonomicName>
|
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and lectotype desig.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="45254852DBB9A5E5238EFF6E3C1AAAF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EBBC5F8D2C84360B7C7FA38570A08F78" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus occiduus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occiduus">Zelus occiduus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Torre-Bueno, 1913a, p. 22, orig. descr. (subgenus
|
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<taxonomicName id="7C7917F0BB7F0DA789492E5C9E0E4A98" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Pindus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pindus">Pindus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Van Duzee, 1916, p. 30, checklist; Van Duzee, 1917, p. 261, cat. (subgenus
|
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<taxonomicName id="A85CCEE3A56CD473C3518457A74A7E28" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Pindus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pindus">Pindus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Readio, 1927, p. 169, 181-182, key and descr.; Wygodzinsky, 1949a, p. 50, checklist; Elkins, 1951, p. 410, list; Hart, 1986, p. 536, junior syn. of
|
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<taxonomicName id="277B5D587205233FAC43656DDCEBCCA1" lsidName="Z. tetracanthus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="tetracanthus">Z. tetracanthus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and lectotype desig.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="C03518384C6CE8AEA3820AB46598BDC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D6DE38835E6B563FF9F7F56A7C27E587" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus angustatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">Zelus angustatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hussey, 1925, p. 66-67, orig. descr.; Blatchley, 1926, p. 569, 572, descr. and note (subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="58F7E2F2D38F553415850053BF13F1CF" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Pindus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pindus">Pindus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Readio, 1927, p. 169, 182., key and descr.; Blatchley, 1928, p. 6, note (subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31640964CA987DABC7A44465553CA378" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Pindus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pindus">Pindus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Wygodzinsky, 1949a, p. 48, checklist; Elkins, 1951, p. 410, list; Hussey, 1953, p. 9-11, note; Hart, 1986, p. 536, junior syn. of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="82966FB71C3138F9AD6ADE73F79BB2C3" lsidName="Z. tetracanthus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="tetracanthus">Z. tetracanthus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9272C8217C843866C6E16CF6224DEC0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B1110AD3DC013E002FEFA15DDF17739A" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Materials</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5EEEA8C7DC82BD96E13B5B96CD2E522B" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="A38CCC08BF9C55602CEB460FAA9DF515" collectingDate="No date provided" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="Signoret" country="MEXICO" location="unknown" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCode="UCR _ ENT 00075078" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus id="880DF2020E5F8596A81547715A4E7ABF" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||||
<specimenCode id="ECE3A2CCA380D0FA143A3BBE34A0D8A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UCR_ENT 00075078</specimenCode>
|
||||
; occurrenceRemarks: Verbatim label info: Mexico Coll. Signoret / Tetracanth. det. Stal / B.C.A. Rhyn. II. Zelustetracanthus St. / Holotype / Zelustetracanthus Stal / Lectotypus Zelustetracanthus STAL, 1862 etik. Hecher 1996 REDV. 488/1; recordedBy:
|
||||
<collectorName id="7661CD69E5A15D98E61D7CEFF69CD40B" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Signoret</collectorName>
|
||||
; sex:
|
||||
<specimenType id="ED10EDF55EAD8AC466E7FFFB1CB4E285" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Male</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelustetracanthus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship:
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="812CF3A1554D93F7F54B83B3AD5CD53A" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1862; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="AEE462CC1D42313AACA40B56B6214706" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: None or Unknown; locality:
|
||||
<location id="0E3E95A58D388286E70ECBE6FDC800BF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ADFA79BCA81F7D88B1A7FC3ABDE77D9B:0E3E95A58D388286E70ECBE6FDC800BF" country="MEXICO" name="unknown" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">unknown</location>
|
||||
; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||||
<determinerName id="BBC8DD9BB430BC91BDB44D6A45C060AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
|
||||
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
|
||||
<collectingDate id="98203F34FF452668BC6F9B5602605ADA" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">No date provided</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||||
<collectionCode id="8A586F500EC50B360B2D0F2101EEE84A" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">NHMW</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="384DBE1A2D02A875EE1011071DD20EAE" collectingDate="no date provided" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="N. Banks" country="USA" latitude="40.84944" location="Sea Cliff, Long Island" longitude="-73.65233" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCode="UCR _ ENT 00057796" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus id="BDCECEDC5D3E444DCADFD045F26D62B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Other material</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||||
<specimenCode id="BF9B41D82F9EE12CB0D0B7BE6A7A1A32" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UCR_ENT 00057796</specimenCode>
|
||||
; occurrenceRemarks: Lectotype of Zelusaudax Banks, 1910, designated by Hart (1986), junior synonym of Zelustetracanthus Stal; recordedBy:
|
||||
<collectorName id="7731B50BC73B43909FA1A4222B0602B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">N. Banks</collectorName>
|
||||
; sex:
|
||||
<specimenType id="9476C0E4BF453F050B0720792CFAF240" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Female</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelustetracanthus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship:
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="638EE0295C6D56E969B9195516450DCE" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1862; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="122AD5F4DC357F59576F2E30113F8636" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: New York; county: Nassau; locality:
|
||||
<location id="5A3B208FB61B42FF4D1A5D93FC6F4665" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ADFA79BCA81F7D88B1A7FC3ABDE77D9B:5A3B208FB61B42FF4D1A5D93FC6F4665" country="USA" latitude="40.84944" longitude="-73.65233" name="Sea Cliff, Long Island" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Sea Cliff, Long Island</location>
|
||||
; verbatimElevation:
|
||||
<elevation id="56E2D761C8F9BBACBE823BBB071C808B" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">5 m</elevation>
|
||||
; decimalLatitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="4D9699F698340A25DF1B5AF48FAE71A2" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="40.84944">40.84944</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; decimalLongitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="A0DAC439D21F0A4007687A90FAD391D7" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-73.65233">-73.65233</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; georeferenceSources: Google Earth; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||||
<determinerName id="D5D4DBE4A08F641DE35E9337AF801840" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
|
||||
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
|
||||
<collectingDate id="7AC57CE7938C978D4821CCA35B8A0B3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">no date provided</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||||
<collectionCode id="CB4669C1D310F6B12E15A1D6CDD57294" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="2F65A4CA84E2C4CF8C3BB8BDF30E8037" collectingDate="1906-04-20" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="J. M. A." country="USA" latitude="37.44188" location="Salt Marshes, Palo Alto" longitude="-122.14302" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCode="UCR _ ENT 00057797" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus id="F292B77A937AEE5511EC3252C205C4CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Other material</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||||
<specimenCode id="CF5F8C9943020F16FBE57823248FC4D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UCR_ENT 00057797</specimenCode>
|
||||
; occurrenceRemarks: Lectotype of Zelusocciduus Torre-Bueno, designated by Hart (1986), junior synonym of Zelustetracanthus Stal. Additional label information: M.C.Z Paratype 27979, Zelus (Pindus) occiduus 776 Bueno, LECTOTYPE Zelusocciduus Torre-Bueno des. by E. R. Hart; recordedBy:
|
||||
<collectorName id="2D15826D4167BBB681A0CC5F2A0783AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">J.M.A.</collectorName>
|
||||
; sex:
|
||||
<specimenType id="2C1C99D21E80434E980E2142105AD915" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Female</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelustetracanthus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship:
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C8522D381075364E880804D72C51A0FC" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1862; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="DE39E75159475E420699FD0CF0ABA67E" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: California; county: Santa Clara; locality:
|
||||
<location id="479EAB206F247F490B816F581C904120" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ADFA79BCA81F7D88B1A7FC3ABDE77D9B:479EAB206F247F490B816F581C904120" country="USA" latitude="37.44188" longitude="-122.14302" name="Salt Marshes, Palo Alto" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Salt Marshes, Palo Alto</location>
|
||||
; decimalLatitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="05CFB5219A54BBB00C875CF178D5A5A5" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="37.44188">37.44188</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; decimalLongitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="B95BF9C82C5B7FC910F8A71D62E44A9B" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-122.14302">-122.14302</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; georeferenceSources: GeoLocate Software; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||||
<determinerName id="8F697D04B191848F01F9F354EDB5A691" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
|
||||
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
|
||||
<collectingDate id="8819F8104ABABB88EE3C18718354BEEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="1906-04-20">1906-04-20</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||||
<collectionCode id="56B6DF3CE9C025CBCDF876553803547B" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="F8C5ACAD5E71CB47843EBD005BE28296" collectingDate="no date provided" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="N. Banks" country="USA" latitude="40.84944" location="Sea Cliff, Long Island" longitude="-73.65233" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCode="UCR _ ENT 00017636" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus id="60DA950A605E47381AA1E8191838E62E" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Other material</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||||
<specimenCode id="D24F0B2802C89ED2742F73F1254CA15F" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UCR_ENT 00017636</specimenCode>
|
||||
; occurrenceRemarks: Paralectotype of Zelusaudax Banks, 1911, designated by Hart 1986, junior synonym of Zelustetracanthus Stal; recordedBy:
|
||||
<collectorName id="CAC7B79C3F9F571FF4C010F4E5CAD0D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">N. Banks</collectorName>
|
||||
; sex:
|
||||
<specimenType id="9686C94D869BFF10D99A5A8F74CB47BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Male</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelustetracanthus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship:
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0C88C53D3D4DCDE13E0EEE1690C9C514" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1862; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="EC9CC3F57D64A2C64068568F7363A7B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: New York; county: Nassau; locality:
|
||||
<location id="2FEB31935DD0DD081982C1EFA2CA2912" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ADFA79BCA81F7D88B1A7FC3ABDE77D9B:2FEB31935DD0DD081982C1EFA2CA2912" country="USA" latitude="40.84944" longitude="-73.65233" name="Sea Cliff, Long Island" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Sea Cliff, Long Island</location>
|
||||
; verbatimElevation:
|
||||
<elevation id="31F8DBD79F377BF8828F701A981BA91D" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">5 m</elevation>
|
||||
; decimalLatitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="94947282D7D4EDED467641A216A0D2F1" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="40.84944">40.84944</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; decimalLongitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="275AC3B00344EB927FA6776DDDB67804" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-73.65233">-73.65233</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; georeferenceSources: Google Earth; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||||
<determinerName id="DDFFEB259B11142999B06755F7486D71" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
|
||||
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
|
||||
<collectingDate id="3C781D802E55710D2F35D738D3D982ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">no date provided</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||||
<collectionCode id="55F0F46E656F1564812C8384C1226873" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="BB9860C59ECC4F058474962C884997A9" collectingDate="1900-08-29" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="N. Banks" country="USA" latitude="38.88222" location="Falls Church" longitude="-77.17138" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCode="UCR _ ENT 00046742" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus id="F847A7A191C71D92C2C4131E40A595ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Other material</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||||
<specimenCode id="75EE0F65A499E4C78BE57F22A41E2423" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UCR_ENT 00046742</specimenCode>
|
||||
; occurrenceRemarks: Paralectotype of Zelusaudax Banks, 1911, designated by Hart 1986, junior synonym of Zelustetracanthus Stal; recordedBy:
|
||||
<collectorName id="E9E121BFE2608EFA34484633721C3131" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">N. Banks</collectorName>
|
||||
; sex:
|
||||
<specimenType id="A4F3A797BE3994D65DEDA64AAE07A42B" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Female</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelustetracanthus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship:
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="044A530BC16F22594684B84B2DB5F8DB" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1862; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="6469C3F1106B9F42889B239CC663533D" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: Virginia; county: Falls Church; locality:
|
||||
<location id="80BDD2CEFAACB87C6672CB4FF17ABC3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ADFA79BCA81F7D88B1A7FC3ABDE77D9B:80BDD2CEFAACB87C6672CB4FF17ABC3D" country="USA" latitude="38.88222" longitude="-77.17138" name="Falls Church" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Falls Church</location>
|
||||
; decimalLatitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="9739F0F0A0774175B1C9C9A34C9B53FE" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="38.88222">38.88222</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; decimalLongitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="0B6051A3E074204D816D18878AF3814C" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-77.17138">-77.17138</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||||
<determinerName id="FD32C76F7BF4DD1458244BB140EB98A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
|
||||
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
|
||||
<collectingDate id="914024BF5987A1B56C8FBF19192F6D8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="1900-08-29">1900-08-29</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||||
<collectionCode id="A7945985CFA25219E65DACF680344ED5" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="5E6F72C5245331800DD1F02893638241" collectingDate="1923 - 12" collectionCode="Unknown" collectorName="T. H. Hubbell" country="USA" location="Gainesville" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus id="FDDAE11BAF15CA06AA9E781460CD951E" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Other material</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: occurrenceRemarks: Holotype of Zelusangustatus Hussey, 1925, junior synonym of Zelustetracanthus Stal. Type specimen information extracted from literature. Location of actual specimen could not be determined (Hart, 1986); recordedBy:
|
||||
<collectorName id="2909AB3949AF0B660F14B2FDC477167D" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">T.H. Hubbell</collectorName>
|
||||
; sex:
|
||||
<specimenType id="7295714FFD2AD5EA8CA473C7703E9019" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Male</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelustetracanthus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship:
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="85FCBDEA1E270B48F108D0FDC58253DB" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1862; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="B08A667017DB66934EB71832EB43D2F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: Florida; locality:
|
||||
<location id="AD43A4E519815972D8D9F48F95FAECC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ADFA79BCA81F7D88B1A7FC3ABDE77D9B:AD43A4E519815972D8D9F48F95FAECC4" country="USA" name="Gainesville" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Gainesville</location>
|
||||
; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||||
<determinerName id="1228827622773734A53649DCFFC25ACF" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
|
||||
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
|
||||
<collectingDate id="A92BC9AAD2F8C2EBA06F4B5F1B174FD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">1923-12</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||||
<collectionCode id="5231FCF6C77D7CFC7FBFF8B11D542156" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Unknown</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="493708E51F2610522E77D13F170B31E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9A610A2BB93E9EB4CFCEA63991F3ECDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Description</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E0CC0CBC16D1215D12000FFEC164A8EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Figs 190, 191, 192</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AD3FE8C30D5752BFCFC94BF2126E8678" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Male: (Fig. 190a) Medium-sized, total length 11.34-13.73 mm (mean 12.36 mm, Suppl. material 2); slender. COLORATION: Greyish-brown to black. Anteocular lobe dark reddish-brown to brownish-black, variable yellowish-brown areas usually present dorsolaterally anterior to compound eyes, dorsally and medially at antennal bases, and on lateral and ventral surfaces. Postocular lobe dark reddish-brown with lighter areas between ocelli and compound eyes, along mid-dorsal line, longitudinally on lateral and ventral surface. Labium reddish-brown to brownish-black with anterior surface of segment I lighter in color, yellowish-brown to reddish-brown. Antennal segments I and II reddish-brown, outer dorsolateral surface of I darker, especially near base, base and apex of II darker, segments III and IV yellowish-brown to reddish-brown. Anterior pronotal lobe reddish-brown to brownish-black, occasionally with variable lighter areas, especially near margins, lateral surface reddish-brown to brownish-black, usually lighter ventrally. Posterior pronotal lobe reddish-brown to brownish-black with dark yellowish-brown posterior margin and/or darker reddish-brown to brownish-black apices on lateral and dorsal processes. Scutellum variably yellowish-brown to brownish-black, usually with lighter apex. Legs yellowish-brown to reddish-brown, usually with variable darker reddish-brown spots or bands, especially near dorsal surfaces of femoral apices. Hemelytron brown to dark brown, veins in area anterior to basal and discal cells lighter. Abdomen variable, dark yellowish-brown to reddish-brown, darker areas usually at posterior of segments of connexivum and mid-laterally at anterior of segments 3-7. Abdomen yellowish-brown with variable reddish-brown areas on lateral and posterior margins and posterior surface. VESTITURE: Moderately setose. Short recumbent and short to long erect setae, many specimens covered with white waxlike exudation. Anteocular lobe with short recumbent setae on entire surface, longer erect setae on tylus and ventral surface; postocular lobe with short recumbent setae over entire surface, moderate to long erect setae on posterodorsal and ventral surfaces. Entire surface of anterior pronotal lobe with short recumbent and erect setae, confined to setal tracts dorsally, longer erect setae laterally; posterior lobe with short recumbent setae over surface, some long erect setae laterally; scutellum setae short, recumbent to semi-erect. Corium and clavus with short, recumbent setae. Abdominal dorsum with sparse short erect setae, remainder of surface with short recument and sparse moderate erect setae. Exposed surface of pygophore with short to long semi-erect and erect setae, especially posteriorly. STRUCTURE: Head: Elongated, L/W = 2.63. Postocular lobe long; in dorsal view anteriorly gradually narrowing, posterior portion constant, slightly narrower. Eye moderately sized; lateral margin only slightly wider than margin of postocular lobe; dorsal and ventral margins removed from surfaces of head. Labium: I: II: III = 1: 2.3: 0.4. Basiflagellomere diameter larger than that of pedicel. Thorax: Anterolateral angle rounded, without projection; medial longitudinal sulcus shallow near collar, deepening posteriorly. Posterior pronotal lobe with finely rugulose surface; disc slightly elevated above humeral angle; humeral angle armed, with short tuberculate processes. Scutellum moderately long; apex angulate, very slightly projected upward. Legs: Slender. Hemelytron: Surpassing apex of abdomen by about length of abdominal segment seven; quadrate cell small and slender; Cu and M of cubital cell subparallel. GENITALIA: (Fig. 191) Pygophore: Ovoid; not expanded laterally in dorsal view. Medial process broadly triangular; very short; semi-erect; straight; apex in posterior view blunt, without modification. Paramere: Cylindrical; short, not reaching apex of medial process; directed posteriad; nearly straight; apical part enlarged. Phallus: Dorsal phallothecal sclerite somewhat ovoid; apical portion of phallothecal sclerite not distinctly tapered, slightly convex; apex medially notched, degree and shape variable; posterior margin of foramen nearly straight to broadly concave. Struts attached to dorsal phallothecal sclerite; apically separate, connected by bridge; basally fused. Basal plate arm slender; separate; subparallel; in lateral view very slightly curved; bridge long; extension of basal plate small and confined to apex of basal plate arm.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="31A9A29FB76ED6813D2C87D528809E62" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Female: (Fig. 190b, c) Similar to male, except for the following. Larger than male, total length 13.22-15.63 mm (mean 14.43 mm, Suppl. material 2). Often darker than male. Tuberculate processes of posterior pronotal lobe usually more pronounced, apex often produced. Mid femur slightly swollen on central 1/4, pro- and mesofemoral diameters subequal, about 1.4-1.5x diameter of hind femur. Hemelytron attaining apex of abdomen.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0E75F2CB50B094A91C95DF7D93A316D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5EB9DAB6E9977D02B94C9215CD4BF28B" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Diagnosis</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="602A6B9C207427AFA43733C648BBAFF1" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Recognized by the disc of the posterior pronotal lobe with large conspicuous tubercles and the greyish-black coloration. Males can also be recognized by the medial process broadly triangular; the paramere not exceeding medial process; and the dorsal phallothecal sclerite apically with deep emargination.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="53F524454C8407F86FFBE0D3A3F90CD9" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="755E8AC1C8092647E967B730466083FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="233AE7184689965B89371B8BF9BC5924" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
|
||||
North America, Central America and parts of South America (Fig. 192). Countries with records: Brazil, Costa Rica,
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B0AD0C6359082870BC53F0479386C03F" originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, USA and Venezuela.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="994043E4640E1EAD1C2E8EC04AFC490D" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="taxon discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D62319EFDA8DC60EDE7B18D0BF8031F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Taxon discussion</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B8C4BB60A503C6E877E8E422BEF49F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
|
||||
Besides
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34E255E8C28453E702D834F6B9A8B7E0" lsidName="Z. tetracanthus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="tetracanthus">Z. tetracanthus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, two other species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FE2CA7CBBD9AFCF19EB99A425D8731F4" lsidName="Z. minutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="minutus">Z. minutus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="710602D82783EFD6DF38FC06E854CC78" lsidName="Z. lewisi" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="lewisi">Z. lewisi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also exhibit tuberculate processes on posterior pronotal lobe, but these species can be easily separated on the basis of coloration and body shape.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="227D0085C8E515023734120F0A06E313" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus tetracanthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetracanthus">Zelus tetracanthus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a rather widely distributed species, found nearly throughout North America, ranging from southern Canada to parts of Central America. A few records are from Brazil and Paraguay. As the collecting events of these specimens are unrelated, it is highly unlikely these specimens are mislabelled (unless they were each independently mislabelled, which is not likely). Further investigations should examine if the South Amerian populations are native or introduced.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="050C97B071C56AF53DFE11B42C61426F" author="Hart, E. R." journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" pagination="535 - 548" title="Genus Zelus Fabricius in the United States, Canada, and Northern Mexico (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)" volume="79" year="1986">Hart (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
discussed intraspecific variations in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F9FCCA3F77F35A07E984526DF10E21B4" lsidName="Z. tetracanthus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="tetracanthus">Z. tetracanthus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
293
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293
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
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<subSubSection id="2FA060C21943DC4806A3E239AC298A8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="1F66459CF5A39764FAA39ABCD0ACE398" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="366A7BC6C99CD73C7FDF16A6A6A48FF0" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="89BFE0793A0F3A52BD03D8EDEF4EB106" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ECB6AFFB5907A84CED4E7E3EC29388DA" ID-CoL="3NN7" ID-ENA="494201" authority="Cameron" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chlorocryptus Cameron</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F1ED579D6C07F2737BD064C057376A54" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7549B5530D64DA622C80CD9D13BC78F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="16B7B0682D17C3F02AD9B64CB366B084" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chlorocryptus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Cameron, 1903: 34. Type species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AE0C20A38226B914B2EED04181B8264A" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus metallicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallicus">Chlorocryptus metallicus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Cameron. Designated by Viereck (1914: 32).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3DC28C05048DB05F8B59FCA345106B36" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B0DE19689B0010E9FC20898B21D8D4D1" class="Insecta" genus="Cochlidionostenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cochlidionostenus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cochlidionostenus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Uchida, 1936: 115. Type species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EDBE434352E66FEFFF3AC1ABE758853C" class="Gastropoda" family="Cryptaulacidae" genus="Cryptaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptaulax coreanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coreanus">Cryptaulax coreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BA4C4C7AE96CB5D209A895ED0A271057" originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. Original designation. Synonymized by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8B6E4F92C97E109D8E5AEF3B3838C7DC" author="Townes, HK" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 522" title="A catalogue and reclassification of the Indo-Australian Ichneumonidae." volume="1" year="1961">Townes et al. (1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 141).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3765E047D25916BBB1D2EB3FC354C304" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7C22148F7567DB0994E15B0CA96AFA9C" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Neobodonidae" genus="Cryptaulaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Protozoa" lsidName="Cryptaulaxoides" order="Bodonida" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="genus">Cryptaulaxoides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Uchida, 1940: 121. Type species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="73BF6E33D94711AE3EABD3577FB38FA5" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Cryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Smith. Original designation. Synonymized under
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C1B89BD3C336A86F9B0AC2843FDBA874" class="Insecta" genus="Cochlidionostenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cochlidionostenus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cochlidionostenus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by Townes (1957: 104).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="806CF12E7173F2F7191C7A09DACAA2B1" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="654F42D638A089E65DC50B234D3A9715" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5525D99DDD84F08DD68C8685E9AA4DDE" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
Large and stout species, fore wing length about 10-15 mm, with metallic blue, purple or greenish luster (Fig. 1). Frons deeply concave, with longitudinal ridge below median ocellus and laterally with transverse rugae and punctures (Figs 2, 13). Antennal scrobe glabrous and polished. Face distinctly convex medially, densely sculptured (Figs 2, 5, 13, 16). Clypeus large, 1.2-1.9 times as wide as high, flat to weakly convex (Figs 2, 13). Mandible short and stout, upper tooth longer than lower tooth (Figs 6, 17). Occipital carina joining hypostomal carina above mandibular base. Female flagellum with apical third flattened ventrally (Fig. 7), there densely covered with mixture of one type of sensilla chaetica and one type of sensilla basiconica (Figs 41, 42); apex round, not truncated, possessing a bundle of thick sensilla, which are widened apically, and whose sockets interrupted on one side (Figs 39, 40). Male flagellum not flattened ventrally; with 5 or 6 tyloids which can be on 13
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="150D1756B3B1DC192551C5D56F0D7321" originalValue="th–">th-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
20th flagellomeres; apex of flagellum with thick sensilla as in female but fewer.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C18F9375CE508FE74978DADF38021E98" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9EE9C4F5C77AAA971430FAE0A2CCB071" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
Figure 1.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7DEE046EF4A082056AEAD7A78801AA49" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
female, ovipositing into a cocoon of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CB201F24DB9F5D0A6DFA86483992E179" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Parasa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parasa consocia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consocia">Parasa consocia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Walker.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="52BBC711CFF8AC74BD8A2FA4AE5989D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<paragraph id="38FE51F30043D9CE2ED084BBA596D4C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
Figures 2-21. 2-12.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E890A3F9D85E7DEE9A032B0B1E758D90" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; 13-21.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1C0C81F35FB4C531C08569345DA490BA" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coreanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coreanus">Chlorocryptus coreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. 2 & 13. Head, frontal view (surfacial sculpture partly shown on right half); 3 & 14. Apical margin of clypeus; 4 & 15. Head, dorsal view; 5 & 16. Head, lateral view; 6 & 17. Mandible; 7. Flagellum; 8 & 18. Mesoscutum; 9 & 19. Pronotum, anterior view, showing epomia; 10. Metasternum, posterior view; 11 & 20. First metasomal segment, lateral view; 12 & 21. First lateral segment, dorsal view. CxC - coxal cavity; PtC - petiolar cavity; Tg - tegula. Scale lines: 1 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0F367142AF760BBBC3D1C642FF8120CF" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="02AB9351CB6E199071B10672C023EC86" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" start="start">Epomia</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
strong (Figs 9, 19). Notaulus absent (Figs 8, 18). Sternaulus distinct, about 0.7 as long as mesopleuron. Median part of postpectal carina represented by tubercle. Submetapleural carina distinct and complete. Metasternum with distinct flange immediately anterior to hind coxa (Fig. 10).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4F860D55FA9751796A59A3FF09497BE8" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Legs slender, hind femur about 6-8 times as long as median width, and hind tibia about 9-11 times as long as apical width. Male hind tarsal claws sharply bent, apical part covered with scale-like sculpture (Fig. 45). Female hind tarsal claws not specialized unlike male (Fig. 43). Orbicula slender, flask-shaped in female (Fig. 44), parallel-sided in male (Fig. 46).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="614AE94819451862DDAC971137A7DF40" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Wings infumate in various degrees (Figs 22-27). Fore wing with areolet small, quadrangular, 0.3-0.4 times as long as 2m-cu; 2m-cu joining behind middle of areola; cu-a a little distad of Rs&M. M+Cu of hind wing straight on apical 0.6; nervellar index less than 2.8; 2A curving toward anal margin.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="02BF8F57F5E51691CBBC6A938C480C38" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">First metasomal tergite with baso-lateral tooth (Figs 12, 21); petiole dorsally flat (Figs 11, 20), sparsely punctate; postpetiole (Figs 11, 12, 20, 21) parallel-sided in dorsal view, dorsal face weakly to moderately convex, densely with shallow, large punctures; median longitudinal carina weak, usually almost absent; lateral and ventral longitudinal carinae distinct. Second and 3rd tergites distinctly punctate, with narrow glabrous band on posterior rim. Fourth and following tergites with smaller, minute punctures. Female sterna heavily sclerotized; 2nd sternum posteriorly embraced by 3rd (Fig. 28). Ovipositor sheath 0.8-1.0 times as long as hind tibia, with terminal point (Fig. 47). Upper valve of ovipositor bearing apical ridges. Lower valve of ovipositor with distinct oblique teeth. Male sterna not evenly sclerotized; median part weakly sclerotized (Fig. 29). Gonosquama weakly tapered toward apex and apex rounded (Fig. 30). Apex of aedeagus round, gently curved in lateral view (Fig. 31), tapered in ventral view (Fig. 32).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="71535715CB5BE89838EB2438CA4B3944" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="biology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="414907A345673A86F96B85FF0D4235CD" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EFC0EBC7BC2F4240910AEE2425175407" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
Both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3F8A5EF893D2CE15E4535A870493B97A" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C982E0CF5A13A33B1DF71AC3043279D6" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coreanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coreanus">Chlorocryptus coreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are parasitoids of limacodid moths and are often reported in the context of biological control (Table 1). They are solitary ectoparasitoids that oviposit into the host cocoon. The possession of ridges on the upper valve of the ovipositor is considered to be an adaptation to penetrate the hard cocoons of limacodid moths because this character state is found in some other cryptine species such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2E3761ED8A2196CA75F6E7552A5F87AF" genus="Lithochila" lsidName="Lithochila nohirai" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="nohirai">Lithochila nohirai</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Uchida, 1930) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4204923584111E4B912AE7BC11B5F808" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Paragambrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paragambrus sapporoensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapporoensis">Paragambrus sapporoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Uchida, 1930) that also attack the limacodid cocoons (Townes 1969).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="7150FAC77A2BC6A8246061361527DEC0" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<paragraph id="08188A08052205787553025E77EFE3C2" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
Table 1. Host records of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="171F35FE4C606351EA5C85A1944FB976" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chlorocryptus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
spp. (modified from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="70BA20322470592FDF803F45AC85D7D4" author="Gauld, ID" editor="Cook, MJW" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 138" title="The Ichneumonid parasitoids associated with South-east Asian Limacodidae." volumeTitle="Slug and Nettle Caterpillars: the Biology, Taxonomy and Control of the Limacodidae of Economic Importance on Palms in Southeast Asia" year="1987">Gauld 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). All hosts belong to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E442BB83F22C8B72A86C84F48E9F1539" family="Limacodidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="family">Limacodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B9F46D29F9CE49624FEF0C41486947FB" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<table id="3994FBEDC323DF6D80E175A2A5F72DD7" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<tr id="0E5E7FF7E37453956C5A62C17653D90D" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<th id="FA8B1D6813C9839FB95B5E052123C9FC" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DF37C0BFC3F1A97E2D45E5547F1AC8C4" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chlorocryptus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="7B30FC85FAF085BFE4F99CB507CD981E" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">Host</th>
|
||||
<th id="02CFA12518095F52CCF9D219C05B3AAB" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">Locality</th>
|
||||
<th id="ABA9D829ADEED3BEC3545CAB0F0E5D8D" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">References</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4CE8D6A822822D03F6BF3DC59E03D0D5" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<td id="4C6ADFC77186C6070CA4C0A7AA6C85AC" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="2">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="261A404ADEACEFA2CCC83C6295940559" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coreanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coreanus">Chlorocryptus coreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="0FBBCF33591A95EE2917D913FABD3FC8" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="45ED4ACB8417824B547A72FD26B2CC34" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Miresa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Miresa inornata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inornata">Miresa inornata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="B2DF52C5E1C80358D52FC157056F16AA" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7DD3363750EA68FED876F2210645812D" author="Uchida, T" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="299 - 347" title="Fuenfter Beitrag zur Ichneumoniden-Fauna Japans." url="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/12652" volume="25" year="1930 a">Uchida 1930a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="B5C6394E0ADD3B1A41F08913052B8BC7" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<td id="146F9CF855AF00ABD408EAB4B9636E5D" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6B09FFB9F979F9D8712A1632096806E4" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Monema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monema flavescens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavescens">Monema flavescens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="B48CFB03C042FAD4F9658BC5905A30BD" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F02845C2FB25A3F385E66B06CF03029D" author="Uchida, T" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="349 - 376" title="Beitrag zur Ichneumoniden-Fauna Japans." url="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/12653" volume="25" year="1930 b">Uchida 1930b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A8B740097CA2F28DBB2223A27465C9C3" author="Sun, Xue-Yi" journalOrPublisher="Liaoning Forestry Science and Technology" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="46 - 48" volume="1982" year="1982">Sun et al. 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2A90E60897485E786D0CEBB8AB482053" author="Pan, Lang" journalOrPublisher="Liaoning Agricultural Sciences" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="50 - 51" volume="1983" year="1983">Pan 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1BF59C7D087C937F3A81B9F66161D5AE" author="Yin, Ping-Fang" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Jilin Forestry Institute" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="11 - 20" title="A study on the efficiency of some natural enemies to control the community density of oriental moth." volume="3" year="1987">Yin and Zou 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F8217C529E0E0C5B6825BF1B3F4F7AD3" author="Wang, Fu-Wei" journalOrPublisher="Jilin Forestry Science and Technology" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="30 - 32" volume="1991" year="1991">Wang et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B9381B45A3DD85CA709586EED72B1985" author="Wang, Fu-Wei" journalOrPublisher="Forest Research" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="466 - 469" title="Study on the natural enemy complex of oriental moth." volume="6" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="0DFFF670468EBEEF46EE85AED6A82B13" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<td id="B86EE3D5585F3BD588A816E949D223E1" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="14">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F2162FD42507FF311BC832D83B54289E" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="6F65E4649AE8715CA0B76F54D26BE311" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="019FAEEECDAE2B477711FD0CB34A166B" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Birthamula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Birthamula chara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chara">Birthamula chara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="892E5FB1DB504F3B1E5C2040F692553F" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3A0ED7C27FAF835E85E6A025FDE2E93E" author="Gauld, ID" editor="Cook, MJW" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 138" title="The Ichneumonid parasitoids associated with South-east Asian Limacodidae." volumeTitle="Slug and Nettle Caterpillars: the Biology, Taxonomy and Control of the Limacodidae of Economic Importance on Palms in Southeast Asia" year="1987">Gauld 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4ADEEB7A15AC8250AAC63A0AC2DC140B" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<td id="F3F8F8ACD16660F7FBA3FC44ACEF4A17" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DC4B02AAE4505F78CF55BC496B91EFF2" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Birthosea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Birthosea bisura" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisura">Birthosea bisura</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="6C710DD16B54E46567E47208A31B388A" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="38A3E2ED1F5CAC3746B3F0DF27D5557A" author="Gauld, ID" editor="Cook, MJW" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 138" title="The Ichneumonid parasitoids associated with South-east Asian Limacodidae." volumeTitle="Slug and Nettle Caterpillars: the Biology, Taxonomy and Control of the Limacodidae of Economic Importance on Palms in Southeast Asia" year="1987">Gauld 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="450AFC0BCC2DDDB80D68F47831824E7D" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<td id="A506FEECEC24AC6B001EF9023EFE574C" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3B3EFA340F563D9E0AE03AA8B8F7B11A" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Darna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Darna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Darna</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="821A386B31850468A743840359744328" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="34D16512A4E427ECE913F2B6D1D59B00" author="Gauld, ID" editor="Cook, MJW" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 138" title="The Ichneumonid parasitoids associated with South-east Asian Limacodidae." volumeTitle="Slug and Nettle Caterpillars: the Biology, Taxonomy and Control of the Limacodidae of Economic Importance on Palms in Southeast Asia" year="1987">Gauld 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="79522E7F085FD70025C8B0A7A6E362B3" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<td id="6F376C94E6A1CBEFE2F57F10812881AB" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F397FADE546A2273BD87D393405B33D4" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Monema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monema flavescens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavescens">Monema flavescens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="0D9233C8B8B54F0DB5D048EB920FB017" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<td id="9433B5AE738AF103F8FEBE8919F3D53B" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="905E67B777CA0EACC5B24D259966AB6E" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Parasa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parasa consocia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consocia">Parasa consocia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="F1D67A20D320F4B6CB93EB68CBEA6E2C" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D30B6D175393BC7FBFD691AA06F8AA51" author="Zhang, Yao-Zhang" journalOrPublisher="Forest Pest and Disease" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="21 - 23" volume="1983" year="1983">Zhang 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5F6BFF872EC07AACFD3EAC6F4AA281C3" author="Xiao, Gang-Rou" journalOrPublisher="Chinese Journal of Biological Control" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="25 - 35" title="Status of biological control of forest insect pests in China." volume="1" year="1985">Xiao 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="79F0941C699220B944664992952BD074" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<td id="28E685B62C359ED69393C1170526E0D0" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74E9FA2A96DFE32B7002043D33291303" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Parasa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parasa lepida" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepida">Parasa lepida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="1F7D0F6A5BDFAE9DFEED9C2094FFF3E5" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6545EDDB68A88618450E48A37093FA5B" author="Zhang, Yao-Zhang" journalOrPublisher="Forest Pest and Disease" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="21 - 23" volume="1983" year="1983">Zhang 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D872D12A696EF650EC99B18770BCD9EE" author="Xiao, Gang-Rou" journalOrPublisher="Chinese Journal of Biological Control" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="25 - 35" title="Status of biological control of forest insect pests in China." volume="1" year="1985">Xiao 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="1FC0B5C8ED2DF30718D3B3C87BE81A7E" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<td id="00B254F6527FD275AE7043F00286DC01" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="093453237107C22D1B83ECD421530757" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Setora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Setora nitens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">Setora nitens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="F7D3E80A43088938190DA01763BE04D1" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="46D67E4658717F1170DDEE3CDE4E0C5B" author="Gauld, ID" editor="Cook, MJW" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 138" title="The Ichneumonid parasitoids associated with South-east Asian Limacodidae." volumeTitle="Slug and Nettle Caterpillars: the Biology, Taxonomy and Control of the Limacodidae of Economic Importance on Palms in Southeast Asia" year="1987">Gauld 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="A77AC8D918F15671E45A8C3DBCDE216A" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<td id="4972484C0209C0F3B125870ACCFB91E5" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2BAA3B951235436BAF15AD8A74E11A5A" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Setothosea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Setothosea asigna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asigna">Setothosea asigna</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="0F4F76C44C14615CD68BCB647F9FE3C9" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F9B870FF05D3C4893D7CB3DEEF9E5237" author="Tiong, RHC" journalOrPublisher="Planter" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="279 - 289" title="Some predators and parasites of Mahasenacorbetii (Tams) and Thoseaasigna (Moore) in Sarawak." volume="55" year="1979">Tiong 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B0605520238FF71CA6610B1C9DDB7896" author="Tiong, RHC" editor="Pushparajah, E" journalOrPublisher="Incorporated Society of Planters, Kuala Lumpur" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="529 - 542" title="Study of some aspects of biology and control of Thoseaasigna (Moore)." volumeTitle="The oil palm in agriculture in the eighties: A report of the Proceedings of the International Conference on Oil Palm in Agriculture in the Eighties" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B487E5C170F5431090D0C3EF1694941B" author="Gauld, ID" editor="Cook, MJW" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 138" title="The Ichneumonid parasitoids associated with South-east Asian Limacodidae." volumeTitle="Slug and Nettle Caterpillars: the Biology, Taxonomy and Control of the Limacodidae of Economic Importance on Palms in Southeast Asia" year="1987">Gauld 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="2C0AF9DCE67C3B6DB47D640C356A3ACA" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<td id="7177656DB3F8C4359117BA8E225AF4DB" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="12F49F165341328DF3777DEAC55040DB" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Susica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Susica malayana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malayana">Susica malayana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="0F9BFEFF324ACF8859DA3E37C76D26D1" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="5315E5E3B87811DFBFCAC71D5143B5C5" author="Gauld, ID" editor="Cook, MJW" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 138" title="The Ichneumonid parasitoids associated with South-east Asian Limacodidae." volumeTitle="Slug and Nettle Caterpillars: the Biology, Taxonomy and Control of the Limacodidae of Economic Importance on Palms in Southeast Asia" year="1987">Gauld 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="AD2EF8C6AFF91D21025FB42D76C1D15A" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<td id="4F231F6140B0F1565B1334B7709141C3" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B953BA0E853C6A454E1D25DA1C67F1F9" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thosea lutea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutea">Thosea lutea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="206B9C163E5C59C49669E0E00EBA845E" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F78376724F4D70208DD8F81C394A8ECE" author="Gauld, ID" editor="Cook, MJW" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 138" title="The Ichneumonid parasitoids associated with South-east Asian Limacodidae." volumeTitle="Slug and Nettle Caterpillars: the Biology, Taxonomy and Control of the Limacodidae of Economic Importance on Palms in Southeast Asia" year="1987">Gauld 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C0BD88C0DB76EEF5765D914DD6DE4114" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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||||
<td id="6C9A4C7D0752268C157F34BCCF9A03F2" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F4E75C7806A47785D62FD425302123DB" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thosea postornata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="postornata">Thosea postornata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="DA6623886A062EF765F07BDE783C8F98" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2D148AD788D180B33C8A332AB789F8FD" author="Zhang, Yao-Zhang" journalOrPublisher="Forest Pest and Disease" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="21 - 23" volume="1983" year="1983">Zhang 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AB08F375C48EEB32933E94B73AA97FD0" author="Xiao, Gang-Rou" journalOrPublisher="Chinese Journal of Biological Control" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="25 - 35" title="Status of biological control of forest insect pests in China." volume="1" year="1985">Xiao 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="D3B422990EA5D1EACA74C7F1315CC626" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<td id="63894D2E8326AA2FDABB4195F4A60A22" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="82194B6F662A90C6B830B6A6041BD68F" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thosea sinensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">Thosea sinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="0C8BA1CC2E7AB184FF240A9A54903BF1" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F103B9A6513139D617A710A3F8A502A3" author="Zhang, Yao-Zhang" journalOrPublisher="Forest Pest and Disease" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="21 - 23" volume="1983" year="1983">Zhang 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C75871D9C2952C9025E5696A505300EF" author="Xiao, Gang-Rou" journalOrPublisher="Chinese Journal of Biological Control" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="25 - 35" title="Status of biological control of forest insect pests in China." volume="1" year="1985">Xiao 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="16EACD0579F74A426B7B607D6FBF470F" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<td id="004D30DAF27323D8FEB2A2E682C59D9E" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E60C254DACE855D85C8791BE42D9EFD2" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thosea vetusta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vetusta">Thosea vetusta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="AB47EE2B8F73E6DBE86B32F77C64813B" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A7D58FE06C0C17E34EBB0E68E290367C" author="Gauld, ID" editor="Cook, MJW" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 138" title="The Ichneumonid parasitoids associated with South-east Asian Limacodidae." volumeTitle="Slug and Nettle Caterpillars: the Biology, Taxonomy and Control of the Limacodidae of Economic Importance on Palms in Southeast Asia" year="1987">Gauld 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="F53375232ABBEF016BBC15C8766352B5" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<td id="2DE27E51D3315B711FF38F9C955E4459" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="16CC9F30CF07684D3218950FC8257B8F" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Trichogyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichogyia semifascia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semifascia">Trichogyia semifascia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="5930E13340B377FBE96ACAB8ADD65339" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="84480832932B5F3C7B82EA712D930D58" author="Gauld, ID" editor="Cook, MJW" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 138" title="The Ichneumonid parasitoids associated with South-east Asian Limacodidae." volumeTitle="Slug and Nettle Caterpillars: the Biology, Taxonomy and Control of the Limacodidae of Economic Importance on Palms in Southeast Asia" year="1987">Gauld 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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