From b84f5776f09527f3517f1175b09826439fb099b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Wed, 1 Jan 2025 16:45:21 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2025-01-01 16:39:16 --- .../87/03858796EA19FF998DEAFE40FBBBF8E6.xml | 122 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 61 insertions(+), 61 deletions(-) diff --git a/data/03/85/87/03858796EA19FF998DEAFE40FBBBF8E6.xml b/data/03/85/87/03858796EA19FF998DEAFE40FBBBF8E6.xml index 7f07581f017..91339c7cd02 100644 --- a/data/03/85/87/03858796EA19FF998DEAFE40FBBBF8E6.xml +++ b/data/03/85/87/03858796EA19FF998DEAFE40FBBBF8E6.xml @@ -1,48 +1,48 @@ - - - -Diversity of late Maastrichtian Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from western North America + + + +Diversity of late Maastrichtian Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from western North America - - -Author + + +Author -Thomas D. Carr +Thomas D. Carr - - -Author + + +Author -Thomas E. Williamson +Thomas E. Williamson -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2004 - -2004-06-30 + +2004 + +2004-06-30 - -142 + +142 - -479 -523 + +479 +523 - -https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/142/4/479/2632290/Diversity-of-late-Maastrichtian-Tyrannosauridae + +https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/142/4/479/2632290/Diversity-of-late-Maastrichtian-Tyrannosauridae -journal article -29915 -10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00130.x -4f27700d-9990-4b2a-b6e9-a5a4d699ea8d -0024-4082 -1037501 +journal article +29915 +10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00130.x +4f27700d-9990-4b2a-b6e9-a5a4d699ea8d +0024-4082 +1037501 @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ REX - + Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ cf. - + Albertosaurus cf. A. lancensis @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ was an isolated frontal ( Aublysodon because, in contrast to - + Albertosaurus libratus , the frontal is relatively thin and narrow for a given length. The presence of @@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ described aspects of the specimen, Aublysodon cf. - + A. mirandus was based on the presence of an associated nondenticulate premaxillary tooth. The specimen provided the opportunity to ascribe skeletal characters to the taxon. In their abstract, @@ -237,13 +237,13 @@ listed one skeletal and one dental character to characterize : a ‘peculiar first dentary tooth’ and a V-shaped frontoparietal suture ( Fig. 2A, B, L ). Their revised diagnosis of - + A. mirandus included the following additional characters: slender dentaries, an emargination in the dentary caudal to the third alveolus, and an acute angle between the dorsal and rostroventral margins of the dentary ( Fig. 3D, E ). They also listed additional dental characters for - + A. mirandus : the mesial carina of the first dentary tooth is displaced lingually ( @@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ Comparison of the Jordan theropod ( 28471 ) with tyrannosaurid material weakens the validity of - + A. mirandus . All tyrannosaurids, except adult @@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ cite the ‘rostroventral border of dentaries with an acute angle relative to al Molnar & Carpenter (1989) considered the extent and coarseness of denticles to be diagnostic for - + A. mirandus . They stated that in the dentary and maxillary teeth of @@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ considered the extent and coarseness of denticles to be diagnostic for Daspletosaurus torosus in which the mesial carina reaches the crown base, and is therefore not diagnostic of - + A. mirandus . Also, the condition of mesial denticles being finer than the distal denticles is typical of tyrannosaurids ( @@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ shares many features that typify juvenile tyrannosaurids ( represents a tyrannosaurid growth stage that precedes that of ‘small Stage 1’ described by Carr (1999) for - + Albertosaurus libratus . @@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ As in juvenile are not rugose, their condition in large adult specimens ( Fig. 1A–E ). This smooth condition differs from a small juvenile - + A. libratus (e.g. TMP 86.144.1), in which the nasals are rugose. As in juvenile and adult tyrannosaurids, the internasal suture is open along the rostral and caudal extremities of the bone, but the remainder is closed in external view ( @@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ typifies the proportions of this bone in juveniles and all small theropods and i ). This is also indicated by the low angle of the margins of the maxilla, which Molnar (1978: 73) also observed in - + A. libratus . The low angle in @@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ also observed in 28471 , in contrast to the higher angle in - + A. libratus (70°), is undoubtedly related to the fact that @@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ is unique with regard to the shallow angle of the symphysis and the slope of the ), as noted by Molnar (1978) for - + A. libratus and @@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ The transverse curvature of the nasals indicates that they were deep and vaulted T. rex . A raised internasal suture is present in other tyrannosaurids (e.g. - + A. libratus , @@ -1459,7 +1459,7 @@ created a new species for the specimen based on its larger size, larger teeth, a Aublysodon ) and - + A. mirandus . However, these features are vague and hence are not diagnostic. Based on the diagnostic characters given above, we consider @@ -1487,13 +1487,13 @@ to a new genus, They considered the specimen unique on the basis of its long maxillary teeth and mesiodistally narrow and smaller ‘premaxillary’ tooth, in contrast to the type tooth of - + A. mirandus . The authors considered the convex rostral end of the alveolar margin of the dentary to be unique; as shown above, this typifies juvenile and small tyrannosaurids ( Fig. 5 ). Also, they considered the procumbent nature of the rostral three dentary teeth to be diagnostic. However, this can be observed in juvenile and subadult specimens of other tyrannosaurids such as - + Albertosaurus libratus (e.g. ROM 1247). In our opinion, @@ -1551,7 +1551,7 @@ cf. . This specimen was later made the holotype of a new species, - + Albertosaurus megagracilis by @@ -1813,7 +1813,7 @@ In dorsal view, the joint surfaces of the nasal processes of the premaxillae are ), the caudal surangular foramen is smaller than it is in other tyrannosaurids ( Fig. 13 ). This is also present in some - + Albertosaurus libratus (e.g. ROM 1247; @@ -1905,7 +1905,7 @@ is not an immature , each of which is contestable: presence of a tall nuchal crest, smooth prefrontofrontal and quadratojugoquadrate sutures, and the form of the proximal fibula. The height of the nuchal crest is thought to be ontogenetically variable in tyrannosaurids ( Russell, 1970 ). This idea is based on the subadult - + A. libratus specimen AMNH @@ -2308,7 +2308,7 @@ resemble that of ). We regard the asymmetry in thickness between each ala of the nuchal crest as individual variation, in contrast to Molnar (1980) who regarded this as a shared similarity with - + Albertosaurus libratus . Likewise, we regard the absence of a medial shelf along the ventral margin of the surangular process of the dentary as individual variation. @@ -2344,11 +2344,11 @@ and 23845 , ‘ - + A. lancensis ’, and - + A. libratus , the sagittal crest reaches the dorsal margin of the nuchal crest, but in @@ -2365,7 +2365,7 @@ the crest does not reach the dorsal margin of the nuchal crest. However, among m the sagittal crest actually stops short of the dorsal margin of the crest ( Fig. 15M ). Therefore, this character is individually variable and does not have diagnostic value except for - + A. libratus , in which the crest reaches the dorsal margin of the nuchal crest ( @@ -2409,7 +2409,7 @@ PREVIOUS TAXONOMIC WORK ON 23845 to the new species - + Albertosaurus megagracilis on the basis of its ‘extremely atrophied forelimbs, down-bent nasals, very long snout... long hind limbs’ and its ‘overall large size and gracile build’. With regard to the long snout, this is based on Molnar’s inference of a longer snout than in @@ -2646,7 +2646,7 @@ Variation of the position and width of the end of the sagittal crest on the nuch - + Albertosaurus libratus @@ -3083,7 +3083,7 @@ In the first stage (small juvenile, e.g. , 19 ). In small juvenile specimens of - + Albertosaurus libratus , this margin is distinct and is presumably the juvenile condition. Also, in small juveniles of